high_a hill_n and_o that_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o stream_n run_v swift_o and_o with_o great_a noise_n although_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a and_o obvious_a to_o the_o sense_n yet_o the_o further_a progress_n of_o these_o water_n may_v in_o our_o case_n consist_v with_o the_o rise_n in_o these_o well_n which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o same_o first_o figure_n for_o if_o you_o put_v your_o finger_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stop_v it_o altogether_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v out_o on_o high_a at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o hole_n e_o f_o g_o and_o flow_v down_o by_o the_o slit_v h_n and_o withal_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o one_o action_n not_o hinder_v the_o other_o and_o so_o according_a as_o there_o be_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n stop_v with_o your_o finger_n more_o or_o less_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o say_v holes_n but_o it_o will_v never_o be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n it_o will_v be_v if_o the_o mouth_n be_v quite_o stop_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o disagree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n if_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n be_v run_v and_o go_v further_o that_o at_o the_o fame_n time_n they_o shall_v be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 68_o foot_n in_o the_o well_n yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exceed_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cistern_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v because_o the_o passage_n at_o which_o they_o flow_v out_o be_v not_o large_a enough_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o some_o account_v be_v give_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n observe_v hither_o to_o by_o none_o that_o i_o know_v see_v there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o philosophy_n more_o curious_a yet_o less_o cultivate_v than_o hydrostaticks_n first_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o water_n while_o it_o have_v a_o free_a course_n and_o passage_n through_o the_o wide_a mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n do_v not_o run_v also_o at_o the_o holes_n yea_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v so_o for_o the_o water_n have_v a_o free_a descent_n neither_o do_v it_o meet_v with_o any_o obstacle_n to_o make_v it_o rise_v as_o it_o do_v in_o pipe_n bend_v upward_o so_o neither_o will_v it_o descend_v by_o the_o cleft_n because_o of_o the_o pressure_n and_o the_o force_v it_o have_v acquire_v in_o descend_v like_o a_o solid_a body_n which_o suffer_v it_o not_o to_o turn_v from_o its_o course_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o body_n throw_v be_v carricd_v in_o a_o horizontal_n line_n for_o some_o space_n while_o the_o force_n continue_v but_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v straighten_v the_o water_n present_o leap_v on_o high_a and_o run_v down_o through_o the_o slit_v in_o my_o opinion_n be_v this_o that_o when_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a as_o the_o most_o famous_a mr._n boyle_n have_v make_v evident_a in_o his_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o be_v urge_v with_o violence_n to_o run_v out_o the_o passage_n be_v straighten_a by_o apply_v the_o finger_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n some_o of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o can_v overcome_v the_o obstacle_n seek_v a_o passage_n to_o itself_o where_o it_o can_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o less_o the_o water_n run_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n with_o the_o great_a force_n it_o run_v out_o at_o these_o holes_n but_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v abate_v and_o the_o vessel_n be_v almost_o empty_a none_o run_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o what_o remain_v run_v slow_o through_o the_o slit_v be_v the_o short_a way_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o direct_a pressure_n must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o horizontal_n surface_n it_o rest_v on_o and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n for_o example_n in_o a_o vessel_n constitute_v in_o a_o horizontal_n plain_n any_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n that_o can_v be_v assign_v may_v be_v a_o base_a to_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o in_o the_o forego_n figure_n when_o it_o flow_v free_o through_o the_o pipe_n c_o d_o it_o be_v press_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o have_v the_o same_o base_a with_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n cd_o which_o pillar_n of_o water_n force_v itself_o by_o a_o lateral_a pressure_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o so_o to_o run_v out_o by_o the_o force_n of_o which_o pressure_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n run_v out_o by_o this_o imaginary_a pillar_n many_o thing_n be_v say_v of_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n by_o hydrostatical_a writer_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o under_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v press_v by_o those_o that_o be_v under_o moreover_o they_o be_v press_v side_n way_n by_o one_o another_o which_o diversity_n of_o pressure_n they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o several_a experiment_n and_o in_o effect_n every_o one_o may_v experience_n this_o lateral_a pressure_n in_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o watery_a up_o to_o the_o neck_n for_o he_o will_v feel_v a_o pressure_n on_o every_o side_n and_o some_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v which_o yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o another_o cause_n for_o when_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v necessary_a to_o respiration_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o perform_v in_o the_o water_n element_n as_o in_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o grossness_n for_o as_o fish_n need_v a_o great_a force_n for_o swim_v than_o bird_n for_o fly_v 215._o as_o borellus_n demonstrate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o grosser_n body_n of_o the_o water_n which_o must_v be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o circulate_v into_o that_o left_a by_o the_o fish_n so_o a_o man_n sink_v in_o the_o water_n up_o to_o the_o neck_n needs_o a_o great_a force_n for_o open_v his_o chest_n than_o if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o air._n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o inspiration_n in_o the_o water_n be_v more_o difficult_a than_o expiration_n this_o happen_v only_o because_o the_o pressure_n be_v unequal_a for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n and_o water_n on_o the_o chest_n without_o exceed_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n within_o the_o chest_n that_o be_v only_o of_o air_n so_o much_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o chest_n exceed_v the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n within_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o water_n about_o the_o chest_n for_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n and_o not_o the_o grossness_n of_o their_o pillar_n as_o be_v plain_a in_o syphon_n in_o who_o leg_n though_o of_o different_a thickness_n the_o liquor_n rise_v but_o to_o the_o same_o horizonal_a height_n likewise_o all_o do_v agree_v that_o not_o only_o the_o bottom_n but_o also_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v press_v which_o pressure_n some_o say_n be_v considerable_a but_o other_o not_o tho._n cornelius_n think_v it_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a pressure_n for_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o press_v by_o incline_v line_n and_o that_o a_o body_n slide_v down_o by_o incline_v line_n acquire_v as_o great_a a_o velocity_n as_o if_o it_o fall_v down_o by_o a_o perpendicular_a equal_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o plain_a he_o think_v the_o lateral_a pressure_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n becher_n in_o his_o physica_fw-la subterranea_fw-la say_v that_o the_o water_n press_v direct_o on_o the_o bottom_n but_o far_o less_o on_o the_o side_n which_o conjecture_n he_o ground_n on_o this_o that_o the_o little_a rampart_n of_o earth_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o that_o it_o overflow_v not_o the_o adjacent_a field_n yea_o he_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o out_o by_o a_o mechanical_a experiment_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v only_o upward_a and_o downward_o if_o mr._n becher_n have_v consider_v that_o hydrostatical_a axiom_n viz._n that_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o their_o perpendicular_a altitude_n he_o will_v not_o have_v be_v fright_v by_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n at_o amsterdam_n from_o own_v so_o evident_a a_o hydrostatical_a truth_n as_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o fluids_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a for_o suppose_v the_o bank_n there_o
be_v such_o fountain_n observe_v so_o everlasting_a and_o subject_a to_o no_o alteration_n therefore_o we_o may_v lawful_o judge_v the_o cistern_n that_o furnish_v water_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n to_o this_o source_n to_o be_v perpetual_a never_o fail_v and_o not_o temporary_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o ancient_a state_n and_o form_n of_o the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n po._n therefore_o have_v discuss_v the_o opinion_n which_o take_v most_o among_o our_o countryman_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o hide_a source_n it_o may_v be_v think_v fit_a that_o i_o shall_v now_o tell_v my_o own_o but_o before_o i_o do_v that_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v and_o as_o far_o as_o conjecture_n will_v allow_v to_o discover_v what_o be_v in_o those_o time_n the_o outward_a face_n of_o this_o country_n which_o we_o inhabit_v see_v by_o the_o dig_v of_o these_o well_n in_o the_o land_n of_o modena_n it_o be_v know_v enough_o that_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v call_v gallia_n cispadana_n and_o transpadana_n be_v very_o low_a and_o depress_v in_o old_a time_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o plato_n when_o he_o bring_v in_o critias_n speak_v writes_z that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o bring_v great_a and_o sudden_a change_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o total_o abolish_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a country_n the_o world_n feel_v the_o first_o calamity_n in_o the_o universal_a deluge_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v against_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o wicked_a mâ—n_z as_o peter_z say_v 2._o when_o a_o new_a heaven_n and_o a_o new_a earth_n shall_v appear_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v most_o notable_o change_v in_o that_o universal_a drown_v and_o overturning_a of_o all_o thing_n but_o some_o think_v that_o such_o a_o change_n follow_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v afterward_o which_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o there_o be_v late_o come_v from_o england_n a_o book_n who_o title_n be_v the_o sacred_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o thomas_n bâ—â—net_n this_o learned_a man_n endeavour_n to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o deluge_n in_o its_o first_o original_a have_v another_o form_n than_o now_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o sea_n nor_o isle_n nor_o mountain_n nor_o valley_n nor_o river_n any_o where_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n lodge_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o he_o feign_v such_o a_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v perceive_v without_o the_o creation_n of_o new_a water_n from_o what_o storehouse_n a_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o have_v mountain_n which_o we_o must_v imagine_v to_o have_v be_v high_a by_o far_a than_o the_o present_a one_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o reason_v neither_o rain_n how_o great_a soever_o nor_o theoâ—â—_n rabbah_n of_o moses_n viz._n abyss_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o that_o universal_a deluge_n but_o he_o think_v that_o the_o mountain_n valley_n sea_n isle_n and_o rock_n may_v have_v appear_v in_o that_o great_a cleave_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n piece_n of_o it_o be_v break_v off_o here_o and_o there_o and_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o great_a gulf_n while_o those_o which_o stand_v in_o their_o former_a state_n make_v a_o show_n of_o isle_n mountain_n and_o rock_n but_o these_o which_o be_v whole_o cover_v by_o the_o water_n have_v the_o name_n of_o sea_n and_o lake_n and_o so_o the_o earth_n appear_v after_o the_o deluge_n all_o break_a tear_v and_o of_o a_o quite_o different_a aspect_n this_o fancy_n however_o it_o may_v be_v take_v for_o new_a yet_o certain_o be_v not_o the_o fiction_n of_o our_o time_n but_o more_o ancient_a by_o far_o franciscus_n patritius_fw-la a_o man_n famous_a enough_o for_o learning_n in_o a_o certain_a book_n of_o he_o of_o the_o rhetoric_n of_o the_o ancient_n write_v in_o italian_a and_o print_v at_o venice_n by_o franciscus_n senensis_n anno_fw-la 1562._o the_o first_o dialogue_n have_v a_o pleasant_a story_n which_o he_o say_v julius_n strozza_n have_v from_o count_n balthazzar_n castillon_n and_o he_o have_v from_o a_o certain_a abyssine_a philosopher_n in_o spain_n this_o wise_a abyssinian_n do_v say_v that_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a annal_n of_o aethiopia_n there_o be_v a_o history_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o break_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n the_o earth_n be_v far_o big_a than_o now_o it_o be_v and_o near_o to_o heaven_n perfect_o round_a without_o mountain_n and_o valley_n yet_o all_o cavernous_a within_o like_a a_o sponge_n and_o that_o man_n dwell_v in_o it_o and_o enjoy_v a_o most_o pure_a aether_n do_v lead_v a_o pleasant_a life_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o excellent_a corn_n and_o fruit_n without_o labour_n but_o when_o after_o a_o long_a flux_n of_o age_n man_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o pride_n and_o so_o fall_v from_o their_o first_o goodness_n the_o god_n in_o anger_n do_v shake_v the_o earth_n so_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o fall_v within_o its_o own_o cavern_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o water_n that_o before_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o dark_a holes_n be_v violent_o squeeze_v out_o and_o so_o fountain_n lake_n rivers_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o take_v its_o original_a but_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o do_v not_o fall_v into_o these_o cavern_n but_o stand_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o mountain_n that_o the_o isle_n and_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v nothing_o but_o segment_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o sudden_a fall_n of_o its_o mass._n i_o be_o willing_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a to_o give_v the_o author_n be_v own_o word_n as_o more_o tend_v to_o our_o purpose_n in_o the_o first_o age_n say_v the_o reverend_n old_a man_n after_o the_o last_o renovation_n of_o the_o world_n the_o earth_n we_o dwell_v on_o be_v not_o of_o that_o form_n nor_o so_o little_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a but_o far_o great_a and_o of_o a_o perfect_a roundness_n because_o than_o it_o do_v take_v up_o as_o much_o place_n as_o it_o now_o take_v up_o with_o the_o whole_a water_n and_o air_n together_o so_o that_o between_o it_o and_o heaven_n there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n interpose_v but_o a_o most_o pure_a fire_n which_o be_v call_v aether_n be_v of_o a_o most_o pure_a and_o vital_a heat_n the_o earth_n then_o be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n and_o so_o near_o to_o heaven_n but_o within_o and_o in_o the_o surface_n it_o be_v very_o cavernous_a within_o which_o be_v scatter_v the_o element_n of_o air_n and_o water_n and_o towards_o the_o centre_n be_v scatter_v a_o fire_n to_o warm_v the_o place_n remote_a from_o heaven_n and_o therefore_o obscure_a and_o cold_a because_o the_o other_o cavern_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v illuminate_v from_o heaven_n by_o the_o open_n above_o and_o by_o its_o warmth_n fill_v with_o life_n and_o all_o these_o cavern_n be_v inhabit_v by_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o which_o the_o water_n and_o air_n be_v scatter_v over_o the_o cavern_n the_o earth_n then_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n and_o man_n dwell_v within_o it_o their_o life_n be_v very_o happy_a and_o without_o any_o evil_n because_o there_o be_v not_o among_o man_n either_o war_n or_o sedition_n nor_o do_v they_o live_v enclose_v in_o city_n as_o they_o do_v now_o for_o fear_v of_o wild_a beast_n and_o other_o man_n but_o they_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o the_o earth_n produce_v its_o fruit_n for_o their_o necessity_n without_o any_o labour_n of_o they_o further_o the_o mildness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o aether_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o season_n do_v not_o vary_v as_o they_o do_v now_o and_o know_v then_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o virtue_n of_o all_o thing_n they_o find_v they_o be_v good_a they_o know_v also_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o star_n their_o sense_n be_v nourish_v in_o a_o most_o pure_a aether_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n celestial_a and_o elemental_a it_o be_v come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n that_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a annal_n of_o aethiopia_n among_o many_o other_o be_v find_v egypt_n aethiopia_n persia_n assyria_n and_o thracia_n now_o harken_v o_o count_n say_v the_o aethiopian_a attentive_o what_o occasion_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o earth_n
be_v explain_v by_o possibility_n see_v i_o be_o come_v so_o far_o that_o i_o must_v at_o length_n tell_v what_o i_o think_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o admirable_a spring_n i_o believe_v i_o have_v do_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a guesser_n if_o by_o sound_v this_o ford_n i_o can_v tell_v thing_n probable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n instead_o of_o thing_n certain_a we_o may_v therefore_o conjecture_v that_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o our_o country_n have_v secret_a commerce_n with_o the_o apennine_n to_o which_o it_o be_v adjacent_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o it_o still_o have_v and_o that_o it_o lay_v a_o foundation_n by_o several_a subterraneous_a passage_n in_o its_o bowel_n for_o several_a storehouse_n of_o water_n of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v one_o from_o whence_o these_o fountain_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expanded_a over_o all_o this_o vein_n of_o sand_n in_o which_o such_o a_o spring_n be_v discover_v but_o when_o the_o stop_n be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o floodgate_n be_v open_v it_o rise_v on_o high_a as_o in_o aqueduct_n and_o this_o thought_n of_o i_o as_o it_o do_v not_o contradict_v nature_n so_o it_o shun_v those_o difficulty_n which_o the_o forementioned_a opinion_n of_o a_o immense_a space_n through_o which_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n flow_v do_v incur_v that_o a_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n may_v secret_o flow_v a_o long_a way_n through_o sand_n be_v neither_o against_o reason_n nor_o experience_n see_v it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o sand_n easy_o to_o drink_v up_o water_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o sink_v sand._n pliny_n and_o solinus_n say_v 35._o that_o the_o nile_n the_o great_a of_o river_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o sand_n run_v hide_v a_o great_a way_n though_o nothing_o of_o that_o be_v know_v in_o our_o time_n 28._o seneca_n also_o testify_v that_o some_o river_n fall_v into_o cave_n some_o be_v by_o degree_n consume_v and_o never_o appear_v again_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n say_v that_o in_o westphalia_n near_o the_o village_n altembechem_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a sandy_a plain_n in_o which_o every_o day_n the_o water_n break_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n so_o as_o to_o overflow_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o afterward_o sink_v into_o the_o sand_n disappear_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sand_n remain_v dry_a the_o river_n guadiana_n in_o spain_n as_o some_o relate_v who_o have_v observe_v it_o when_o it_o have_v come_v to_o a_o certain_a plain_n be_v gradual_o swallow_v up_o and_o without_o noise_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a proof_n that_o this_o river_n do_v not_o fall_v into_o a_o gulf_n but_o run_v away_o by_o these_o bed_n of_o sand._n in_o like_a manner_n i_o do_v believe_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v by_o secret_a passage_n from_o a_o cistern_n in_o the_o root_n of_o the_o adjacent_a mountain_n that_o communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o come_v into_o this_o deep_a sandy_a plain_n mix_v with_o much_o gravel_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o conceive_v any_o plain_n of_o great_a width_n and_o depth_n by_o which_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n may_v constant_o run_v down_o but_o a_o few_o intersperst_a space_n may_v suffice_v because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o sand_n and_o gravel_n helmont_n say_v that_o sand_n be_v original_a earth_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o fruit_n of_o this_o original_a earth_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n see_v the_o reduce_n of_o this_o sand_n into_o water_n be_v more_o difficult_a than_o of_o any_o other_o body_n this_o same_o author_n make_v this_o sand_n the_o last_o bound_n of_o dig_v beyond_o which_o to_o proceed_v be_v lose_v labour_n because_o of_o the_o continual_a conflux_n of_o sand_n and_o water_n but_o he_o think_v that_o this_o sand_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o shell_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o centre_n and_o abundance_n of_o water_n lodge_v in_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n big_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n all_o sea_n river_n and_o fountain_n even_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o this_o invisible_a ocean_n so_o that_o the_o water_n do_v every_o where_o follow_v the_o vital_a sand._n telesus_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n who_o say_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o that_o interior_a ocean_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o opinion_n of_o plato_n concern_v the_o gulf_n from_o who_o bosom_n all_o water_n go_v out_o and_o into_o which_o they_o all_o fall_v back_o again_o whatever_o be_v of_o truth_n in_o this_o opinion_n of_o a_o invisible_a ocean_n lurk_v in_o the_o sand_n which_o helmont_n conceive_v ingenious_o and_o upon_o probable_a enough_o argument_n yet_o i_o think_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o water_n may_v run_v a_o long_a way_n through_o bed_n of_o sand_n and_o when_o some_o passage_n be_v open_a may_v be_v raise_v again_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o water_n descend_v from_o a_o high_a ground_n and_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o matter_n be_v so_o in_o our_o fountain_n to_o wit_n the_o water_n flow_v out_o of_o some_o cistern_n place_v in_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n by_o subterraneous_a passage_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_a and_o hard_o but_o when_o it_o have_v come_v into_o the_o plain_a it_o expatiate_v far_o over_o the_o sand_n and_o in_o the_o way_n be_v lift_v up_o to_o this_o height_n when_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v with_o a_o auger_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n and_o i_o think_v this_o be_v a_o more_o expeditious_a and_o easy_a way_n of_o explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o never-enough-admired_a spring_n than_o to_o imagine_v a_o great_a vault_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mark_n and_o a_o town_n with_o a_o whole_a country_n hang_v over_o it_o to_o give_v some_o specimen_fw-la how_o â—his_v flow_v of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v according_a to_o my_o explication_n suppose_v as_o in_o fig._n 2._o that_o there_o be_v a_o cistern_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o apennine_a draw_v water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o subterraneous_a pipe_n from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o spread_v over_o this_o deep_a and_o sandy_a plain_n a_o b_o c_o mix_v with_o much_o gravel_n which_o sandy_a plain_n be_v bring_v into_o much_o lesser_a bound_n the_o water_n be_v force_v to_o run_v down_o by_o a_o more_o narrow_a space_n than_o it_o have_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o to_o follow_v its_o course_n till_o it_o come_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o great_a gulf_n therefore_o wells_n efgh_v be_v dig_v without_o any_o choice_n in_o all_o the_o tract_n lie_v upon_o this_o spring_n and_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v by_o the_o auger_n the_o water_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v lift_v up_o on_o high_a be_v force_v by_o another_o which_o descend_v from_o a_o high_a ground_n press_v on_o that_o which_o go_v before_o and_o drive_v it_o up_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o water_n receive_v a_o plentiful_a supply_n from_o their_o father_n apennine_n as_o do_v the_o well_o of_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o lebanon_n of_o which_o there_o be_v mention_n in_o the_o sacred_a history_n but_o it_o be_v 4._o by_o far_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o water_n be_v send_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o such_o a_o cistern_n than_o from_o shower_n or_o melt_v snow_n see_v rain_n and_o snow-water_n run_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o river_n above_o ground_n neither_o can_v they_o enter_v into_o the_o ground_n so_o deep_a as_o seneca_n also_o testify_v 7._o that_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n so_o great_a which_o wet_v the_o ground_n above_o ten_o foot_n for_o as_o he_o say_v when_o the_o earth_n be_v glut_v if_o any_o more_o fall_v it_o shut_v it_o out_o and_o true_o how_o can_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o shall_v flow_v at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o well_o in_o moist_a as_o in_o dry_a season_n if_o the_o rain-water_n come_v hither_o and_o they_o do_v not_o rather_o get_v their_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v strain_v through_o the_o sand_n and_o deprive_v of_o all_o salt_n they_o return_v to_o the_o sea_n again_o with_o interest_n true_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o understand_v how_o that_o secret_a cistern_n from_o which_o water_n be_v send_v to_o these_o fountain_n shall_v not_o be_v unconstant_a if_o they_o receive_v moisture_n for_o a_o time_n from_o the_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o sometime_o increase_v sometime_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o pressure_n
increase_n so_o in_o the_o great_a drought_n such_o as_o we_o observe_v in_o these_o last_o year_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a region_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n do_v exceed_o want_a water_n they_o suff_v no_o decrease_v moreover_o these_o water_n be_v very_o warm_a in_o winter_n so_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o smoke_n but_o in_o summer_n they_o be_v very_o cold_a some_o day_n after_o the_o eruption_n be_v make_v when_o the_o water_n have_v settle_v they_o usual_o cover_v the_o well_o with_o a_o marble_n stone_n and_o as_o it_o be_v seal_v it_o and_o afterward_o convey_v the_o water_n by_o earthen_a pipe_n from_o the_o same_o into_o vessel_n of_o marble_n or_o of_o stone_n from_o which_o afterward_o the_o water_n be_v by_o other_o conduit_n continual_o bed_n of_o clay_n be_v about_o 11_o foot_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v full_a of_o cockle-shell_n it_o end_v therefore_o about_o the_o depth_n of_o 39_o foot_n after_o that_o there_o appear_v another_o bed_n of_o marshy_a earth_n about_o 2_o foot_n thick_a compose_v of_o rush_n leave_n of_o plant_n and_o branch_n this_o marshy_a bed_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o digger_n another_o bed_n of_o clay_n of_o the_o same_o thickness_n with_o the_o former_a present_v itself_o which_o terminate_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o about_o 52_o foot_n which_o be_v dig_v up_o another_o bed_n of_o marshy_a ground_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v see_v which_o be_v remove_v another_o bed_n of_o clayie_a ground_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o former_a two_o but_o not_o so_o thick_a appear_v which_o lie_v upon_o another_o bed_n of_o marshy_a earth_n which_o at_o last_o terminate_v on_o that_o last_o plain_n in_o which_o the_o auger_n be_v fix_v which_o be_v soft_a and_o sandy_a and_o mix_v with_o much_o gravel_n and_o sometime_o full_a of_o sea-product_n these_o several_a bed_n with_o their_o interval_n be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o well_n as_o well_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n as_o in_o the_o suburb_n in_o a_o constant_a order_n see_v in_o dig_v they_o often_o fall_v on_o stock_n of_o tree_n as_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v which_o give_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o bore_v to_o the_o undertaker_n it_o be_v a_o manifest_a proof_n that_o this_o ground_n be_v once_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n but_o i_o can_v never_o observe_v those_o stock_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o bed_n of_o chalk_n but_o in_o the_o marshy_a one_o only_o or_o in_o that_o space_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o foundation_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o clay_n there_o have_v be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o great_a depth_n of_o these_o well_n great_a bone_n coal_n flint_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n i_o do_v willing_o pass_v by_o many_o thing_n here_o which_o the_o common_a people_n report_n of_o extraneous_a thing_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n at_o their_o first_o break_v forth_o as_o leave_n of_o oak_n chesnut_n millet_n bean-husk_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n content_v myself_o with_o tell_v those_o thing_n only_o of_o which_o i_o have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n or_o have_v hear_v from_o person_n worthy_a of_o credit_n these_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o well_n of_o modena_n and_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o i_o have_v occasion_n chap._n ii_o that_o these_o be_v not_o stand_v but_o run_v water_n upon_o this_o occasion_n some_o thing_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o the_o hydrostaticks_n see_v the_o nature_n and_o original_a of_o this_o hide_a source_n deserve_v to_o be_v as_o much_o inquire_v into_o as_o that_o of_o the_o nile_n do_v former_o let_v we_o pass_v through_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n with_o the_o sail_n of_o our_o reason_n see_v we_o can_v do_v it_o otherwise_o first_o we_o may_v free_o affirm_v that_o these_o water_n be_v not_o stand_v as_o they_o be_v when_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o hogshead_n but_o be_v in_o continual_a motion_n and_o that_o pretty_a quick_a for_o the_o noise_n of_o that_o waâ—er_n which_o be_v hear_v before_o the_o perforation_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wellsâ—oes_v â—oes_z make_v it_o manifest_a enough_o neither_o can_v any_o object_n that_o even_o stagnant_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a commotion_n as_o be_v know_v of_o the_o vulsinian_n lake_n thrasumenus_fw-la and_o benacus_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o poet_n say_v teque_fw-la adeo_fw-la assurgens_fw-la aestu_fw-la benace_n marino_fw-mi o_o benacus_n which_o like_o the_o ocean_n roar_v for_o that_o be_v not_o constant_a yea_o these_o lake_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o still_o but_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o terebration_n be_v constant_o hear_v which_o i_o always_o perceive_v distinct_o as_o oft_o as_o i_o descend_v into_o these_o well_n and_o to_o this_o agree_v the_o undertaker_n of_o these_o well_n who_o by_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n guess_v that_o they_o have_v do_v with_o dig_v but_o see_v the_o wait_a rise_v so_o sudden_o to_o the_o height_n 〈◊〉_d 68_o foot_n cast_v forth_o sand_n and_o stone_n with_o force_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n descend_v from_o a_o high_a place_n and_o be_v continual_o press_v on_o by_o other_o that_o follow_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o such_o a_o sudden_a rise_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a earth_n which_o drive_v the_o water_n upward_o by_o its_o pressure_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o water_n may_v be_v elevate_v above_o its_o surface_n when_o it_o be_v drive_v up_o by_o some_o force_n lie_v upon_o it_o as_o scaliger_n write_v against_o cardan_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a vessel_n with_o pipe_n on_o both_o side_n and_o a_o plug_n fit_v exact_o to_o its_o capacity_n into_o which_o be_v full_a of_o water_n if_o you_o force_v down_o the_o plug_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o vessel_n but_o if_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a earth_n these_o water_n be_v elevate_v the_o earth_n so_o superincumbent_n will_v be_v break_v off_o from_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a there_o appear_v no_o mark_n of_o it_o beside_o by_o what_o way_n can_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o water_n shall_v be_v so_o excellent_a as_o to_o surpass_v all_o other_o if_o they_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o keep_v as_o it_o be_v captive_a for_o every_o body_n know_v that_o stand_a water_n do_v no_o less_o differ_v from_o those_o that_o be_v move_v than_o dead_a body_n differ_v from_o live_a one_o see_v we_o common_o call_v such_o as_o run_v live_v water_n these_o water_n therefore_o do_v move_v and_o stand_v not_o still_o here_o but_o run_v down_o constant_o either_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o some_o gulf_n but_o whilst_o i_o conclude_v these_o water_n to_o be_v run_v a_o objection_n of_o no_o small_a value_n do_v occur_v and_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o water_n run_v away_o so_o violent_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o these_o well_n be_v dig_v they_o shall_v rise_v upward_o but_o it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o physical_a experiment_n that_o the_o water_n can_v ascend_v in_o such_o as_o case_n for_o let_v there_o be_v a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n 1._o at_o who_o side_n near_o the_o bottom_n a_o pipe_n be_v insert_v at_o right_a angle_n pierce_v with_o many_o holes_n efg_n and_o in_o the_o low_a part_n let_v it_o have_v a_o slit_v he_o if_o now_o you_o give_v the_o water_n free_a vent_n to_o run_v out_o not_o only_o it_o will_v not_o ascend_v at_o the_o holes_n but_o neither_o will_v it_o descend_v at_o the_o slit_v but_o will_v all_o run_v out_o at_o the_o wide_a mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o water_n hang_v out_o at_o the_o slit_v and_o not_o fall_v till_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n the_o vessel_n be_v almost_o empty_a the_o water_n will_v no_o more_o run_v out_o at_o the_o wide_a mouth_n but_o will_v all_o run_v down_o through_o the_o slit._n if_o therefore_o this_o experiment_n hold_v the_o suppose_a run_v of_o the_o water_n to_o place_n far_o off_o and_o their_o manifest_a ascent_n into_o these_o well_n at_o the_o same_o time_n seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n for_o if_o they_o flow_v free_o and_o without_o stop_v without_o doubt_n they_o can_v rise_v on_o high_a which_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o the_o most_o learned_a scaliger_n say_v in_o his_o exercitation_n 100_o who_o inquire_v whether_o water_n may_v run_v under_o other_o water_n say_v that_o near_o the_o river_n oâ—tus_n there_o be_v a_o well_o on_o a_o
to_o be_v three_o fathom_n or_o eightteen_n foot_n above_o the_o harlem_n mere_a and_o the_o adjacent_a land_n which_o they_o defend_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o every_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n be_v 76_o lb._n 9_o ℥_o ½_o and_o 48_o gr_n this_o multiply_v by_o 18_o f._n the_o perpendicular_a height_n will_v amount_v to_o 1381_o ½_o lb_n ℥_o 1._o g._n 384._o which_o be_v the_o weight_n or_o lateral_a pressure_n that_o lie_v on_o a_o square_a foot_n at_o the_o bottom_n which_o a_o rampart_n of_o earth_n make_v strong_a for_o the_o purpose_n and_o 100_o foot_n thick_a may_v be_v well_o allow_v able_a to_o support_v it_o be_v true_a this_o computation_n be_v make_v for_o fresh_a water_n but_o the_o addition_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o sea-water_n which_o be_v about_o 1_o lb_n of_o salt_n to_o 41_o lb_n of_o water_n will_v not_o so_o much_o alter_v the_o reckon_a for_o my_o part_n as_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a so_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o despicable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n be_v less_o than_o the_o perpendicular_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o only_a that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n to_o descend_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o a_o incline_v one_o but_o suppose_v that_o some_o part_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n suffer_v a_o pressure_n equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a pressure_n as_o be_v these_o which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o which_o those_o incline_v one_o will_v end_v which_o have_v the_o same_o depth_n with_o the_o whole_a water_n yet_o in_o other_o part_n the_o lateral_a pressure_n can_v be_v admit_v so_o great_a the_o author_n here_o seem_v like_o one_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o the_o truth_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o have_v get_v it_o between_o his_o hand_n he_o let_v it_o slip_v for_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n by_o incline_v line_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n equal_a to_o the_o pressure_n by_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o same_o in_o the_o intermedial_a part_n indeed_o the_o pressure_n by_o incline_v line_n in_o the_o intermedial_a part_n be_v not_o equal_a to_o that_o perpendicular_a pressure_n which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o perpendicular_a pressure_n which_o be_v on_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n which_o may_v be_v make_v evident_a thus_o take_v a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o they_o use_v for_o baroscope_n but_o open_a at_o both_o end_n a_o b_o stop_v the_o upper_a end_n a_o with_o your_o finger_n and_o so_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n e_o f_o g_o h_o fill_v with_o water_n to_o m_o l_o incline_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o horizontal_n surface_n i_o k_o and_o then_o take_v your_o finger_n off_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v by_o the_o pressure_n at_o the_o orifice_n b_o till_o it_o have_v come_v to_o the_o surface_n m_o l_o which_o be_v the_o same_o height_n it_o will_v have_v come_v to_o if_o the_o pipe_n have_v be_v perpendicular_a as_o in_o c_o d._n farther_n suppose_v a_o pipe_n bend_a in_o the_o end_n at_o the_o right_a angle_n p_o q_o immerse_v to_o the_o same_o surface_n i_o k_o as_o before_o upon_o take_v away_o your_o finger_n form_n p_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o high_a as_o before_o to_o the_o surface_n m_o l_o now_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o that_o consider_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o the_o pressure_n at_o q_o be_v lateral_a and_o as_o forcible_a as_o if_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a this_o may_v be_v make_v more_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o put_v oil_n into_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n show_v in_o his_o paradoxa_fw-la hydrostatica_fw-la paradox_n 7._o and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v so_o little_a of_o as_o becherus_n say_v for_o see_v the_o side_n of_o vessel_n be_v no_o small_a hindrance_n to_o the_o fluid_a that_o it_o descend_v not_o the_o force_n which_o the_o fluid_fw-la exerces_fw-la on_o the_o side_n can_v be_v small_a see_v then_o as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v crowd_v on_o one_o another_o as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o press_n it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o modern_n from_o this_o do_v fetch_v a_o solution_n of_o that_o old_a yet_o difficult_a problem_n which_o have_v weary_v subtle_a wit_n why_o a_o diver_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o incumbent_a water_n they_o common_o say_v that_o it_o happen_v because_o the_o diver_n be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o water_n under_o he_o and_o on_o the_o side_n the_o part_n of_o his_o body_n be_v press_v with_o the_o same_o force_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v drive_v inward_a see_v all_o be_v full_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o the_o luxation_n of_o a_o member_n or_o painful_a compression_n yet_o the_o most_o ingenious_a mr._n boyle_n think_v the_o difficulty_n be_v not_o answer_v enough_o for_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la there_o follow_v no_o luxation_n yet_o there_o appear_v no_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v no_o pain_n feel_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o part_v one_o against_o another_o wherefore_o the_o same_o author_n recur_v to_o the_o strong_a texture_n of_o the_o animal_n which_o can_v resist_v the_o pressure_n it_o may_v be_v solve_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o all_o animal_n juice_n which_o two_o together_o keep_v distend_v and_o full_a the_o fibre_n which_o be_v tubulous_a as_o sir_n edmund_n king_n have_v very_o ingenious_o discover_v long_o ago_o and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n that_o this_o air_n be_v force_v into_o less_o compass_n the_o side_n of_o the_o fibre_n come_v close_o together_o which_o cause_v no_o more_o pain_n to_o the_o fibre_n than_o the_o bladder_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o very_a sensible_a part_n suffer_v upon_o its_o be_v contract_v when_o the_o urine_n be_v expel_v if_o it_o be_v not_o rashness_n to_o think_v any_o thing_n can_v be_v add_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o most_o famous_a man_n i_o will_v say_v that_o see_v the_o body_n of_o a_o live_a man_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n though_o not_o much_o and_o therefore_o be_v more_o press_v by_o the_o collateral_a water_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o archimedes_n the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o diver_n be_v that_o be_v less_o press_v aught_o to_o be_v lift_v up_o and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o feel_v no_o pressure_n but_o because_o the_o diver_n under_o water_n may_v be_v diverse_o consider_v either_o as_o he_o descend_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o ascend_v by_o it_o or_o be_v move_v by_o incline_v line_n or_o as_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o stick_v on_o a_o rock_n he_o remain_v immovable_a in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n he_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n i_o have_v learn_v from_o a_o skilful_a diver_n that_o when_o a_o swimmer_n will_v descend_v perpendicular_o and_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o a_o straight_a posture_n he_o drive_v the_o water_n upward_o with_o his_o hand_n as_o with_o oar_n and_o when_o he_o will_v rise_v again_o drive_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o return_v the_o same_o way_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o as_o be_v unskilful_a in_o swim_v when_o they_o strike_v the_o water_n contrary_a way_n be_v stifle_v it_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o effect_n have_v never_o see_v they_o in_o any_o author_n though_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o delian_a swimmer_n here_o as_o they_o say_v i_o think_v then_o that_o when_o a_o swimmer_n drive_v the_o superincumbent_a water_n with_o his_o hand_n upward_o he_o therefore_o descend_v because_o such_o a_o syphon_n be_v so_o smite_v be_v less_o press_v and_o therefore_o be_v lift_v up_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v in_o which_o the_o swimmer_n be_v just_a as_o in_o a_o scale_n suspend_v and_o put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n be_v hit_v below_o that_o will_v be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o other_o of_o necessity_n will_v descend_v therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o swimmer_n be_v put_v in_o the_o pillar_n that_o be_v more_o press_v will_v of_o necessity_n descend_v but_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o do_v this_o with_o both_o hand_n he_o make_v his_o descent_n more_o easy_a but_o when_o he_o will_v rise_v perpendicular_o and_o in_o a_o straight_a
posture_n from_o the_o bottom_n by_o strike_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o make_v that_o syphon_n more_o press_v and_o therefore_o the_o swimmer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n ascend_v just_o as_o when_o the_o scale_n be_v put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o i_o hit_v the_o scale_n in_o the_o hollow_a part_n that_o will_v be_v depress_v and_o the_o other_o lift_v up_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v when_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o line_n incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o whether_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v or_o whatever_o way_n he_o move_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v under_o no_o dolorous_a pressure_n how_o deep_a soever_o the_o water_n be_v for_o see_v according_a to_o the_o most_o ingenious_a borellus_n body_n do_v not_o appear_v heavy_a but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o rest_n aâ—_n appear_v in_o a_o example_n give_v by_o he_o of_o two_o sack_n of_o wool_n one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o do_v not_o exerce_fw-la its_o weight_n or_o press_v it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v rest_v and_o not_o when_o it_o descend_v therefore_o the_o swimmer_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n perpendicular_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v any_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n but_o when_o he_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o same_o way_n see_v by_o his_o body_n he_o thrust_v upward_o the_o water_n lie_v upon_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o collateral_a syphon_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o help_n of_o his_o muscle_n to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n neither_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n to_o which_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la come_v in_o behind_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v by_o not_o suffer_v any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o feel_v any_o dolorous_a pressure_n if_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o incline_v line_n or_o stick_v without_o motion_n to_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o other_o collateral_a syphon_n being_n more_o press_v do_v always_o exerce_fw-la its_o force_n and_o the_o subjacent_a water_n lift_v up_o the_o diver_n that_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o its_o self_n upward_o the_o author_n here_o suppose_v the_o body_n to_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n which_o i_o judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o chest_n for_o when_o that_o be_v out_o the_o body_n sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o this_o give_v perhaps_o the_o first_o rise_v to_o anatomist_n to_o discover_v whether_o a_o child_n be_v still-born_a or_o not_o for_o if_o its_o lung_n do_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n it_o be_v not_o still_o bear_v but_o have_v breathe_v the_o air_n but_o if_o they_o sink_v than_o they_o conclude_v the_o child_n to_o have_v be_v still-born_a as_o for_o the_o divers_a rise_n or_o fall_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o in_o a_o oar_n when_o the_o blade_n of_o it_o move_v with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o water_n it_o make_v resistance_n to_o the_o oar_n which_o therefore_o not_o advance_v the_o boat_n of_o necessity_n must_v so_o when_o a_o man_n press_v the_o water_n quick_o downward_o it_o make_v resistance_n to_o his_o hand_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n not_o give_v way_n fast_o enough_o the_o body_n must_v be_v thrust_v upward_o just_a as_o in_o the_o air_n if_o a_o man_n between_o two_o chair_n do_v forcible_o thrust_v they_o down_o with_o his_o two_o hand_n he_o must_v be_v lift_v up_o because_o they_o do_v not_o give_v way_n the_o author_n say_v the_o pressure_n be_v not_o feel_v when_o the_o diver_n be_v ascend_v or_o descend_v because_o the_o water_n be_v in_o motion_n do_v not_o press_v upon_o the_o body_n but_o it_o may_v be_v make_v manifest_a that_o it_o do_v and_o experience_n make_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o they_o feel_v no_o pressure_n when_o the_o water_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o the_o divers_a do_v own_o that_o they_o feel_v a_o pressure_n rather_o in_o the_o go_n down_o in_o the_o diving-bell_n than_o afterward_o as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n tell_v i_o be_v have_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o melgum_n who_o practise_v this_o way_n of_o dive_v in_o these_o word_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o as_o go_v down_o do_v hurt_v i_o but_o below_o and_o stay_v there_o be_v as_o familiar_a to_o i_o as_o that_o above_o chap._n iii_o that_o these_o fountain_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o flow_v of_o these_o water_n towards_o the_o sea_n may_v consist_v with_o their_o rise_n here_o and_o in_o any_o place_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a subterraneous_a river_n under_o it_o from_o which_o these_o fountain_n do_v spring_v and_o true_o this_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n among_o we_o which_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o there_o be_v some_o river_n that_o hide_v their_o head_n under_o ground_n and_o after_o some_o time_n do_v rise_v again_o some_o again_o there_o be_v that_o never_o rise_v above_o ground_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n some_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o surface_n and_o some_o do_v never_o of_o this_o seneca_n speak_v very_o well_o nature_n govern_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o do_v our_o body_n in_o which_o be_v vein_n and_o artery_n and_o nature_n have_v so_o form_v it_o like_o our_o body_n that_o our_o ancestor_n have_v call_v they_o vein_n pliny_n say_v that_o the_o nile_n be_v often_o swallow_v up_o in_o gulf_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n be_v spew_v up_o again_o they_o report_v the_o same_o of_o niger_n a_o river_n of_o aethiopia_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o same_o lake_n that_o the_o nile_n do_v and_o run_v towards_o the_o west_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o chain_n of_o mountain_n it_o find_v hide_a way_n and_o appear_v again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n in_o like_a manner_n tigris_n in_o mesopotamia_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o mountain_n cancasus_fw-la hide_v itself_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v lose_v in_o a_o great_a cave_n but_o afterward_o break_v out_o near_o to_o babylon_n be_v mix_v with_o euphrates_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o alphaeus_n a_o river_n in_o achaia_n who_o the_o poet_n feign_v to_o pass_v a_o great_a way_n not_o only_o under_o ground_n but_o also_o under_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o to_o rise_v again_o in_o the_o fountain_n call_v arethusa_n this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o offal_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n which_o be_v throw_v down_o the_o river_n be_v every_o five_o summer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o olympiack_n game_n cast_v up_o by_o this_o fountain_n and_o also_o the_o sea_n themselves_o be_v think_v to_o communicate_v by_o occult_a passage_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a with_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o caspian_a with_o the_o euxine_a as_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n make_v out_o by_o good_a conjecture_n father_n auril_n a_o jesuit_n in_o his_o travel_n into_o tartary_n say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o it_o discharge_v its_o self_n into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n of_o which_o this_o be_v his_o main_a proof_n that_o they_o who_o inhabit_v about_o the_o persian_a gulf_n do_v every_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n observe_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o willow-leaves_a now_o in_o regard_n this_o sort_n of_o tree_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o the_o southerin_n part_n of_o persia_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o quite_o the_o contrary_a the_o northern_a part_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o kilan_n or_o the_o caspian-sea_n have_v all_o the_o seacoast_n of_o it_o shade_v with_o these_o tree_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o with_o probability_n enough_o that_o these_o leave_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o other_o but_o only_o by_o the_o water_n that_o roll_z they_o along_o through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o father_n auril_n who_o further_a for_o establish_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n describe_v a_o great_a whirlpool_n under_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o which_o also_o olaus_n magnus_n and_o helmont_n have_v write_v by_o which_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v absonbed_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v return_v by_o the_o south_n pole_n some_o say_v that_o this_o change_v its_o course_n
come_v when_o the_o timorous_a join_v themselves_o together_o there_o arise_v counsellor_n and_o when_o they_o be_v call_v into_o judgement_n there_o arise_v judge_n this_o now_o noble_a sir_n be_v the_o great_a history_n which_o the_o wise_a abyssinian_n tell_v the_o count_n worthy_a to_o be_v have_v in_o great_a veneration_n and_o high_o to_o be_v esteem_v helmont_n seem_v to_o have_v entertain_v a_o opinion_n about_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o deluge_n not_o unlike_a to_o this_o his_o word_n be_v these_o from_o whence_o i_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v in_o one_o piece_n and_o undivided_a for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o be_v be-watered_a with_o one_o fountain_n and_o last_o to_o have_v have_v no_o isle_n but_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v sea_n on_o one_o side_n and_o earth_n on_o the_o other_o this_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n before_o the_o deluge_n after_o which_o the_o earth_n do_v open_a into_o several_a shape_n and_o out_o of_o the_o abyss_n of_o these_o chink_n do_v the_o water_n break_v out_o but_o let_v we_o leave_v the_o opinion_n no_o less_o disagree_v with_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n than_o with_o nature_n itself_o scaliger_n speak_v of_o the_o asserter_n of_o that_o opinion_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o mountain_n say_v that_o they_o pious_o dote_v who_o have_v tell_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v pull_v out_o of_o and_o save_v from_o the_o deluge_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o universal_a deluge_n do_v not_o suffer_v a_o ordinary_a change_n so_o that_o the_o fortune_n of_o thing_n be_v change_v thetis_n and_o vesta_n change_v their_o place_n from_o whence_o ovid_n say_v quodque_fw-la fuit_fw-la campus_fw-la vallem_fw-la decursus_fw-la aquarum_fw-la fecit_fw-la &_o eluvie_fw-la mons_fw-la est_fw-la deductus_fw-la in_o aequor_fw-la e'que_fw-la paludosa_fw-la siccis_fw-la humus_fw-la be_v arenis_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o torrent_n have_v make_v a_o valley_n of_o a_o plain_a high_a hill_n by_o deluge_n bear_v to_o the_o main_a steep_n stand_v lake_n suck_v dry_a by_o thirsty_a sand_n and_o on_o late_a thirsty_a earth_n now_o lake_n do_v stand_v i_o believe_v it_o have_v not_o happen_v otherwise_o to_o this_o country_n of_o we_o for_o i_o conceive_v that_o in_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n all_o this_o plain_a than_o which_o italy_n have_v not_o a_o great_a and_o which_o the_o po_n do_v now_o divide_v into_o gallia_n cispadana_n and_o transpadana_n be_v once_o a_o sea_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o adriatic_a so_o in_o the_o universal_a deluge_n the_o mountain_n be_v pare_v off_o and_o bar_v so_o that_o they_o look_v like_o body_n extenuate_v by_o a_o disease_n as_o plato_n write_v of_o the_o atlantic_a island_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o this_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fill_v with_o sand_n and_o so_o become_v a_o valley_n and_o afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o continual_a descent_n of_o water_n from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o particular_a deluge_n such_o as_o be_v that_o which_o happen_v anno_fw-la 590._o in_o gallia_n cisalpina_n than_o which_o it_o be_v think_v there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o great_a since_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n as_o paâ—â—â—vinâ—us_n say_v in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o verona_n this_o ground_n do_v grow_v up_o by_o degree_n and_o by_o many_o lay_v or_o bed_n to_o the_o height_n we_o do_v now_o see_v it_o of_o both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n judge_v the_o same_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o great_a plain_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n which_o aristottle_n say_v former_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o herodot_n call_v it_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o nile_n see_v the_o etymology_n of_o nile_n be_v derive_v from_o lincus_n slime_n which_o he_o likewise_o say_v of_o the_o country_n about_o ilium_n teuthrania_n and_o ephesus_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o be_v sometime_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o the_o same_o herodot_n have_v leave_v it_o in_o write_v that_o if_o the_o nile_n turn_v its_o course_n into_o the_o arabic_a gulf_n it_o will_v at_o length_n cover_v it_o all_o with_o slime_n 4._o polybius_n say_v that_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n and_o the_o euxine_a sea_n be_v constant_o fill_v with_o plenty_n of_o sand_n which_o great_a river_n do_v continual_o bring_v into_o it_o and_o that_o the_o time_n will_v be_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v even_o with_o the_o continent_n take_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o water_n viz._n that_o as_o maeotis_n be_v sweet_a than_o the_o pontic_a so_o the_o pontic_a be_v sweet_a than_o the_o euxine_a modern_a writer_n think_v no_o less_o of_o the_o great_a and_o plain_a country_n among_o who_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n who_o in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subterraneus_fw-la say_v from_o the_o arabic_a antiquity_n and_o other_o observation_n that_o the_o great_a plain_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o arabic_a and_o persian_a gulf_n before_o the_o common_a deluge_n be_v cover_v with_o sea-water_n and_o he_o also_o think_v that_o the_o sandy_a desert_n of_o tartary_n be_v former_o the_o place_n of_o water_n and_o all_o one_o with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o afterward_o in_o length_n of_o time_n to_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o turn_v into_o great_a field_n neither_o need_v we_o to_o go_v so_o far_o off_o for_o example_n we_o understand_v by_o history_n that_o ravenna_n as_o well_o as_o venice_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sea_n but_o see_v now_o it_o be_v 5_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n no_o body_n know_v how_o much_o land_n have_v accrue_v to_o it_o by_o the_o retire_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o prodigy_n true_o worthy_a of_o wonder_n that_o where_o ship_n do_v sail_v before_o now_o there_o be_v grove_n of_o pinetree_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n may_v we_o call_v the_o land_n of_o ferrara_n the_o gift_n of_o eridanus_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o slimy_a water_n which_o this_o royal_a river_n do_v by_o many_o mouth_n discharge_v into_o the_o adriatic_a for_o some_o age_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o colony_n of_o fish_n be_v by_o a_o true_a metamorphosis_n change_v into_o a_o habitation_n of_o man_n for_o which_o ovid_n say_v vidi_n factas_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la terras_fw-la et_fw-la procul_fw-la à _fw-la pelago_fw-la conchae_fw-la jacuere_fw-la marinae_fw-la i_o have_v see_v the_o sea_n oft_o turn_v to_o a_o plain_a and_o land_n be_v till_v where_o be_v before_o the_o main_a though_o i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o say_v that_o all_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o be_v a_o sea_n former_o yet_o by_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o dig_v of_o the_o well_n oyster-shell_n and_o other_o sea_n product_n be_v find_v in_o their_o great_a depth_n it_o may_v be_v not_o without_o ground_n conjecture_v that_o the_o adriatic_a do_v at_o least_o come_v thus_o far_o or_o that_o the_o bay_n communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n do_v stagnate_n here_o yet_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n from_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n that_o between_o the_o â—_o aemilian_a way_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v seat_v modena_n and_o the_o po_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n reach_v from_o the_o adriatic_a even_n to_o placentia_n which_o from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o po_n they_o call_v padusa_n into_o which_o many_o river_n descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a discharge_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n virgil_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o lake_n in_o these_o verse_n piscosove_v amne_fw-la padusae_fw-la dant_fw-la sonitum_fw-la rauci_fw-la per_fw-la stagna_fw-la loquacia_fw-la cygni_fw-la or_o murmur_a swan_n that_o sound_v their_o fan_a wing_n padusa_n fishy_a bank_n upon_o or_o echo_a spring_n but_o john_n baptista_n aleottus_fw-la in_o his_o most_o learned_a book_n against_o caesar_n mengolus_fw-la of_o ravenna_n show_v by_o strong_a reason_n and_o authority_n that_o no_o river_n from_o splacentia_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n do_v come_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o po_n but_o that_o they_o all_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o this_o padusa_n for_o which_o he_o bring_v the_o authority_n of_o strabo_n who_o write_v that_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o hannibal_n when_o he_o will_v have_v pass_v his_o army_n into_o etruria_n which_o lake_n be_v not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o m._n scaurus_n the_o surveyor_n dry_v up_o be_v turn_v into_o most_o fruitful_a field_n many_o river_n be_v bring_v within_o their_o own_o bank_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o po_n as_o tarus_n parma_n entia_fw-la gabellus_n scultenna_n the_o rhine_n and_o other_o river_n of_o no_o small_a note_n upon_o this_o account_n we_o may_v reasonable_o think_v that_o the_o po_n be_v not_o so_o famous_a of_o old_a
be_v insert_v into_o it_o and_o shut_v in_o the_o extremity_n and_o let_v f_o g_o h_n i_o be_v the_o glass_n pipe_n erect_v perpendicular_o but_o m_n the_o pipe_n pour_v out_o water_n therefore_o in_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_o according_a to_o what_o be_v say_v before_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v to_o o_o i._n e._n to_o part_n 5._o for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pipe_n m_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n be_v suppose_v 2._o and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v as_o 8._o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_z be_v transfer_v to_o h_n i_o the_o orifice_n where_o it_o be_v fasten_v be_v stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_a i._n e._n to_o n_o to_o almost_o 7_o degree_n which_o will_v likewise_o happen_v if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n two_o glass_n pipe_n f_o g_o h_n i_o stand_v upright_o and_o the_o pipe_n m_o shall_v pour_v out_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v always_o full_a for_o this_o different_a height_n of_o water_n be_v perceive_v well_o enough_o in_o every_o case_n one_o may_v try_v the_o same_o not_o only_a when_o the_o pipe_n that_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n be_v long_o or_o short_a but_o also_o when_o many_o pipe_n of_o different_a length_n and_o with_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n send_v forth_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o many_o glass_n pipe_n be_v interject_v see_v many_o case_n may_v be_v feign_v according_a to_o every_o one_o fancy_n but_o see_v there_o be_v no_o small_a undulation_n in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n because_o the_o water_n run_v out_o at_o m_o fall_v back_o upon_o its_o self_n this_o inconveniency_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v shun_v if_o the_o pipe_n f_o h_n be_v something_o bend_a that_o so_o both_o the_o glass_n pipe_n and_o the_o pipe_n send_v forth_o the_o water_n be_v incline_v to_o one_o side_n for_o in_o this_o case_n there_o will_v happen_v less_o undulation_n and_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o view_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n run_v from_o the_o cistern_n out_o at_o m_o withdraw_v some_o of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_o so_o that_o it_o can_v rise_v so_o high_a and_o the_o same_o impetus_fw-la come_v to_o h_n i_o find_v now_o no_o vent_n make_v it_o rise_v high_a even_o to_o n._n this_o new_a observation_n i_o communicate_v to_o the_o same_o boccabadatus_fw-la who_o as_o he_o do_v not_o a_o little_a wonder_n at_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o be_v a_o most_o ingenious_a and_o exact_a searcher_n into_o natural_a thing_n he_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o yea_o afterward_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o which_o he_o say_v he_o will_v insert_v into_o his_o work_n which_o he_o be_v to_o publish_v about_o mechanic_n force_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o propose_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o hydrostaticks_n think_v it_o worthy_a of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o more_o acute_a wit_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v discover_v from_o whence_o this_o diversity_n of_o pressure_n proceed_v chap._n viii_o about_o the_o goodness_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o well_n of_o modena_n therefore_o have_v sail_v over_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v in_o a_o dark_a navigation_n in_o which_o neither_o the_o star_n nor_o the_o needle_n do_v guide_v i_o it_o remain_v that_o i_o furl_v my_o sail_n and_o hasten_v to_o the_o land_n georg._n 4._o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o pass_v over_o with_o a_o dry_a foot_n the_o nature_n of_o these_o fountain_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v useful_a to_o man_n and_o lest_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v of_o those_o that_o be_v thirsty_a i_o drink_v quiet_o i_o shall_v touch_v only_o at_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o this_o subject_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v beyond_o my_o purpose_n it_o be_v a_o old_a dispute_n what_o in_o the_o class_n of_o simple_a water_n be_v most_o wholesome_a see_v some_o prefer_v rain-water_n other_o prefer_v fountain-water_n in_o some_o place_n river-water_n be_v most_o prefer_v in_o other_o well-water_n hypocrates_n seem_v to_o prefer_v rain-water_n to_o all_o other_o for_o these_o he_o call_v the_o sweet_a the_o thin_a and_o the_o clear_a of_o all_o see_v what_o be_v thin_a and_o light_a of_o the_o water_n be_v exalt_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a hypocrates_n speak_v of_o rain_n water_n in_o the_o summertime_n which_o they_o call_v horaiae_fw-la i._n e._n early_o see_v among_o water_n that_o want_v art_n he_o commend_v these_o which_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o sky_n when_o it_o thunder_v but_o these_o that_o fall_v in_o storm_n he_o pronounce_v bad_a celsus_n galen_n avicenna_n paulus_n and_o other_o follow_v hypocrates_n judge_v the_o same_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n pliny_n do_v great_o discommend_v rain-water_n yea_o he_o be_v so_o angry_a that_o he_o think_v the_o o_o pinion_n which_o commend_v they_o to_o endanger_v man_n life_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o levity_n that_o they_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o heaven_n see_v stone_n also_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o heaven_n and_o further_o water_n when_o they_o fall_v from_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v infect_v by_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o fountain-water_n to_o he_o seem_v preferable_a to_o they_o when_o plenty_n of_o they_o may_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v due_o consider_v there_o will_v be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o dispute_v for_o all_o rain-water_n as_o also_o fountain-water_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o goodness_n see_v every_o country_n have_v not_o the_o same_o atmosphere_n nor_o the_o same_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v see_v also_o according_a to_o theophrastus_n such_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v such_o be_v the_o water_n it_o often_o happen_v as_o coâ—taeus_n advert_v that_o in_o some_o place_n for_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o air_n the_o rain-water_n be_v better_a but_o in_o other_o place_n the_o fountain_n or_o river-water_n be_v the_o best_a as_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n nile_n who_o much_o wished-for_a inundation_n keep_v all_o egypt_n every_o year_n solicitous_a but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n excel_v in_o goodness_n all_o other_o seeing_z running_z a_o long_a way_n over_o a_o country_n burn_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v concoct_v and_o be_v toss_v by_o sudden_a fall_n from_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o attenuate_v hence_o athenaeus_n testify_v that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n betroth_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o assyria_n he_o will_v she_o to_o take_v with_o she_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o when_o other_o thing_n do_v not_o agree_v it_o seem_v the_o fountain-water_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o rain-water_n and_o all_o other_o for_o rain-water_n be_v draw_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o filth_n dung_n and_o dead_a body_n themselves_o and_o though_o hypocrates_n judge_v they_o best_o yet_o he_o add_v that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o be_v boil_v and_o strain_v wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o some_o do_v disprove_v make_v of_o syrup_n of_o poppeys_n with_o rain-water_n and_o they_o think_v that_o hypocrates_n speak_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o not_o experience_n so_o among_o the_o modern_n the_o most_o experience_a etmuller_n say_v that_o rain-water_n keep_v always_o something_o earthy_a behind_o it_o though_o distil_v a_o hundred_o time_n but_o so_o will_v any_o water_n do_v as_o well_o as_o rain_v water_n but_o well-water_n see_v they_o have_v no_o motion_n but_o when_o they_o be_v stir_v and_o in_o the_o bottom_n have_v much_o slime_n and_o rain-water_n be_v gather_v of_o snow_n and_o rains_n and_o run_v over_o divers_a kind_n oâ—_n earth_n and_o be_v therefore_o by_o hypocrates_n call_v disagree_v can_v have_v that_o purity_n and_o simplicity_n which_o the_o fountain-water_n have_v which_o be_v concoct_v by_o the_o heat_n pen_v up_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v strain_v through_o the_o same_o earth_n therefore_o our_o most_o pure_a fountain-water_n as_o they_o have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o plain_a water_n so_o they_o yield_v to_o none_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a fountain_n of_o our_o time_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o mark_n by_o which_o the_o most_o sincere_a water_n and_o fit_a for_o humane_a use_n be_v commend_v do_v appear_v in_o these_o in_o a_o most_o eminent_a manner_n the_o chief_a quality_n that_o be_v want_v
in_o water_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o rest_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n be_v that_o it_o partake_v most_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air._n so_o pliny_n have_v write_v that_o wholesome_a water_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o like_a to_o the_o air._n on_o which_o account_n cassiodorus_n commend_v the_o virgin_n water_n so_o famous_a then_o at_o rome_n that_o run_v most_o pure_o it_o resamble_v the_o air._n for_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v pure_a like_o the_o air_n light_n and_o clear_a free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v thin_a and_o susceptible_a of_o heat_n and_o cold._n but_o the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v such_o for_o they_o be_v clear_a like_o the_o air_n free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v do_v most_o quick_o receive_v any_o other_o quality_n and_o be_v weigh_v be_v light_a than_o any_o other_o though_o physician_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o value_v much_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o lightness_n and_o the_o divine_a master_n call_v these_o light_n 26._o which_o be_v soon_o hot_a and_o soon_o cold_a and_o pliny_n write_v 3._o that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o examine_v by_o the_o balance_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o water_n see_v it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o one_o be_v light_a than_o the_o other_o which_o brasavolus_n try_v in_o several_a kind_n of_o water_n before_o hercules_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n yet_o see_v there_o be_v not_o want_v more_o subtle_a way_n of_o know_v even_o the_o least_o difference_n of_o weight_n in_o water_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o archimedes_n levity_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v for_o levity_n signify_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n saline_n and_o be_v a_o sure_a proof_n of_o great_a simplicity_n true_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o vessel_n of_o the_o same_o capacity_n and_o full_a of_o the_o same_o water_n and_o in_o one_o of_o these_o divers_a kind_n of_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o certain_a quantity_n though_o the_o water_n do_v not_o grow_v in_o bulk_n yet_o the_o one_o will_v be_v of_o great_a weight_n than_o the_o other_o and_o will_v be_v fill_v with_o strange_a quality_n wherefore_o gravity_n and_o levity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o some_o water_n natural_o light_a be_v worse_o than_o other_o that_o be_v heavy_a because_o of_o the_o evil_a quality_n of_o the_o soil_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v athenaeus_n say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o amphiaraus_n and_o eâ—treria_n be_v compare_v together_o do_v not_o differ_v in_o weight_n yet_o the_o one_o be_v wholesome_a and_o the_o other_o not_o so_o titâ—aresius_n a_o river_n of_o which_o homer_n speak_v run_v into_o penaeus_n be_v not_o mix_v with_o it_o but_o swim_v over_o it_o like_o oil_n yet_o pliny_n say_v his_o water_n be_v deadly_a and_o he_o say_v that_o penaeus_n refuse_v to_o suffer_v his_o silver-coloured_a water_n to_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o other_o deadly_a water_n if_o we_o infuse_v a_o whole_a glass_n of_o antimony_n in_o water_n otherwise_o light_a no_o weight_n will_v be_v add_v to_o it_o to_o judge_v of_o but_o none_o be_v ignorant_a what_o disorder_n it_o raise_v in_o the_o body_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o confess_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a of_o the_o lightness_n of_o the_o water_n consider_v alone_o but_o if_o with_o other_o mark_n of_o goodness_n there_o be_v lightness_n join_v it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a accession_n to_o its_o goodness_n thal._n herodotus_n describe_v a_o fountain_n of_o aethiopia_n the_o water_n of_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o such_o lightness_n that_o nothing_o can_v swim_v in_o it_o no_o not_o a_o stick_n nor_o what_o be_v light_a than_o a_o stick_n and_o such_o as_o use_v those_o water_n be_v call_v macrobii_n i._n e._n long-lived_a gelen_n himself_o commend_v the_o lightness_n of_o the_o water_n for_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o its_o goodness_n 1._o but_o if_o the_o lightness_n be_v alone_o say_v he_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n of_o good_a water_n which_o one_o may_v also_o say_v of_o all_o the_o other_o sign_n see_v none_o of_o itself_o and_o separately_z be_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n of_o its_o goodness_n but_o a_o sure_a mark_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o water_n be_v if_o it_o be_v not_o heavy_a in_o the_o bowel_n for_o this_o be_v true_o the_o light_a and_o this_o kind_n of_o lightness_n be_v more_o to_o be_v esteem_v than_o that_o which_o may_v be_v try_v with_o the_o scale_n for_o we_o must_v not_o present_o because_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n deprive_v of_o all_o quality_n so_o as_o to_o be_v pure_a clear_a void_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v give_v sentence_n and_o pronounce_v it_o innocent_a but_o we_o must_v bring_v another_o proof_n viz._n how_o they_o affect_v the_o bowel_n for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o it_o have_v all_o external_a mark_n of_o goodness_n yet_o have_v a_o more_o secret_a noxiousness_n which_o can_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o external_a sense_n this_o therefore_o will_v be_v the_o true_a and_o safe_a judgement_n of_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o experience_n itself_o and_o true_o that_o water_n be_v to_o be_v think_v light_n by_o the_o effect_n which_o make_v not_o the_o bowel_n feel_v any_o weight_n in_o pass_v for_o which_o kind_n of_o lightness_n the_o water_n of_o modena_n be_v very_o commendable_a as_o not_o wait_v the_o stomach_n when_o one_o drink_v a_o full_a draught_n of_o they_o but_o easy_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o be_v void_v by_o sweat_n and_o urine_n but_o above_o all_o these_o hypocrates_n chief_o commend_v these_o fountain_n who_o water_n come_v forth_o of_o deep_a spring_n which_o be_v cold_a in_o summer_n and_o warm_a in_o winter_n but_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o these_o fountain_n see_v they_o rise_v 68_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o summer_n be_v very_o cold_a but_o in_o winter_n be_v warm_a yea_o exhale_v some_o small_a vapour_n neither_o must_v we_o refer_v the_o heat_n which_o be_v find_v in_o these_o water_n in_o the_o wintertime_n to_o metallic_v exhalation_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n with_o a_o acid_a mineral_n see_v that_o be_v perceive_v only_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n all_o know_v that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o difference_n of_o water_n as_o of_o place_n for_o fountain_n and_o well-water_n do_v easy_o drink_v up_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v which_o be_v innumerable_a yet_o those_o water_n be_v think_v more_o wholesome_a that_o run_v through_o thick_a sand_n and_o gravel_n because_o they_o carry_v nothing_o from_o such_o a_o matter_n upward_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o that_o which_o run_v through_o clay_n and_o soft_a sand._n but_o the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n flow_v a_o long_a way_n through_o sand_n which_o be_v call_v male_a a_o proof_n of_o which_o be_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o dross_n sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o these_o fountain_n use_v to_o throw_v up_o at_o their_o first_o come_v forth_o moreover_o these_o water_n according_a to_o my_o observation_n and_o of_o many_o other_o continue_v without_o corruption_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experiment_n in_o long_a navigation_n that_o the_o water_n of_o neuceria_n do_v stink_v but_o we_o continue_v pure_a i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a it_o be_v a_o question_n among_o physician_n no_o less_o curious_a than_o worthy_a to_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o sudden_a corruption_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o its_o goodness_n or_o badness_n perhaps_o hypocrates_n himself_o give_v cause_n of_o doubt_v who_o after_o he_o have_v commend_v rain_n water_n say_z they_o soon_o putrify_v except_o they_o be_v boil_v and_o strain_v again_o galen_n paulus_n avicenna_n and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n among_o the_o modern_n joubertus_n salius_n augenius_n bruvierinus_fw-la and_o many_o other_o take_v the_o water_n readiness_n to_o putrify_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o goodness_n provide_v other_o note_n agree_v for_o the_o chief_a property_n of_o water_n be_v say_v they_o that_o they_o be_v quick_o alter_v by_o any_o external_a cause_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o think_v its_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n to_o arise_v but_o these_o which_o continue_v long_o free_a of_o corruption_n say_v they_o partake_v of_o a_o aluminous_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o water_n of_o tiber_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n for_o month_n and_o year_n under_o ground_n without_o corruption_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v a_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n among_o the_o fault_n of_o water_n among_o who_o be_v costaeus_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o best_a water_n that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o corrupt_a and_o
be_v deserve_o oppose_v to_o avicenna_n who_o think_v that_o rain-water_n be_v soon_o corrupt_v because_o they_o be_v thin_a for_o rather_o from_o thinness_n of_o the_o substance_n one_o may_v argue_v that_o their_o substance_n be_v less_o subject_a to_o corruption_n as_o be_v know_v of_o distil_a water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o true_o be_v thin_a than_o wine_n and_o not_o only_o do_v not_o putrify_v itself_o but_o also_o preserve_v other_o body_n free_a from_o corruption_n see_v then_o experience_v itself_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o those_o which_o be_v most_o simple_a do_v less_o putrify_v but_o those_o which_o have_v a_o great_a heterogenity_n because_o of_o the_o disagreement_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n and_o a_o continual_a fermentation_n be_v more_o easy_o corrupt_v therefore_o i_o be_o easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o curruption_n of_o the_o water_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o its_o pravity_n than_o goodness_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o rain_n water_n soon_o putrify_v may_v be_v this_o that_o when_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n all_o sort_n of_o filth_n be_v raise_v with_o it_o and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o volatile_a salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o which_o make_v becher_n say_v that_o all_o rain-water_n be_v putrify_v and_o distil_v do_v give_v a_o ardent_a spirit_n but_o if_o promptitude_n to_o putrefaction_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o goodness_n why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v the_o same_o of_o eatable_n which_o natural_o do_v soon_o putrify_v such_o as_o be_v flesh_n fish_n word_n early_o ripe_a fruit_n and_o the_o like_a viz._n that_o these_o aliment_n be_v better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v not_o so_o soon_o putrify_v see_v they_o be_v soon_o alter_v by_o the_o concoct_n faculty_n weak_a food_n have_v a_o short_a life_n hypocrates_n as_o valesius_fw-la interpret_v say_v they_o make_v man_n life_n short_a and_o such_o as_o cat_n these_o meat_n be_v infirm_a and_o weak_a and_o can_v live_v so_o long_o so_o bread_n of_o wheat_n well_o ferment_v and_o well_o bake_v give_v a_o most_o excellent_a nourishment_n and_o long_a life_n to_o sound_a body_n and_o bread_n of_o all_o food_n do_v lest_o putrefy_v upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o levinus_n lemnius_n commend_v it_o for_o say_v he_o bread_n long_o keep_v do_v indeed_o grow_v mouldy_a and_o grow_v dry_a but_o do_v not_o putrefy_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o praise_n of_o our_o fountain_n that_o they_o do_v not_o corrupt_v so_o that_o have_v other_o mark_n of_o goodness_n they_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v the_o best_a of_o water_n it_o be_v a_o old_a commendation_n of_o water_n if_o pulse_n be_v quick_o boil_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n athenaeus_n vitruvius_n galeus_n paulus_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a physician_n langius_n costaeus_n bruvierinus_fw-la and_o other_o do_v testify_v but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o this_o also_o be_v common_a to_o unwholesome_a water_n for_o the_o difficulty_n of_o boil_v some_o pulse_n be_v not_o always_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o water_n but_o very_o often_o of_o the_o grain_n themselves_o as_o they_o have_v grow_v in_o this_o or_o the_o other_o ground_n as_o theophrastus_n testify_v when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o place_n which_o always_o bring_v forth_o pulse_n that_o be_v easy_o boil_v other_o there_o be_v which_o bring_v forth_o grain_n hard_a to_o be_v boil_v yea_o plutarch_n say_v that_o of_o two_o furrow_n join_v together_o one_o bring_v forth_o a_o hard_a crop_n the_o other_o not_o the_o woman_n themselves_o know_v that_o well_o enough_o who_o if_o they_o have_v pulse_n that_o be_v not_o easy_o boil_v use_v to_o macerate_v they_o a_o night_n in_o water_n with_o a_o sack_n full_a of_o ash_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o grain_n be_v open_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o ash_n and_o i_o think_v none_o will_v look_v upon_o the_o water_n so_o make_v lixivial_a as_o simple_a or_o will_v commend_v it_o for_o daily_o drink_v in_o whole_a body_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v that_o salt_n and_o crude_a water_n very_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o best_a may_v be_v for_o some_o sickly_a nature_n or_o in_o a_o neutral_a state_n of_o health_n instead_o of_o medicine_n which_o hypocrates_n have_v teach_v express_o in_o these_o word_n but_o whatever_o be_v salt_n and_o crude_a be_v not_o fit_a for_o all_o to_o drink_v of_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o nature_n to_o who_o such_o water_n be_v convenient_a to_o be_v drink_v whatever_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v boil_v the_o greek_a call_v ateramnia_n transfer_v likewise_o the_o same_o word_n to_o a_o stubborn_a and_o inflexible_a mind_n so_o grain_n hard_a to_o be_v boil_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o be_v those_o which_o theophrastus_n say_v grow_v in_o a_o thick_a tough_a earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v clayie_a as_o at_o philippi_n when_o the_o pulse_n which_o egypt_n bear_v both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nitrous_a soil_n and_o the_o heat_n be_v easy_o boil_v likewise_o water_n in_o which_o grain_n be_v hardly_o boil_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n hypocrates_n use_v to_o signify_v the_o crudity_n of_o water_n in_o many_o occasion_n of_o which_o erotianus_n have_v in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la make_v a_o collection_n therefore_o as_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o pulse_n be_v boil_v be_v not_o always_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o water_n so_o their_o be_v easy_o boil_v be_v not_o a_o mark_n of_o their_o goodness_n which_o sometime_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o seed_n sometime_o to_o the_o water_n yea_o more_o effectual_a in_o some_o water_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o best_a see_v in_o nitrous_a and_o lixivious_a water_n pulse_n root_n and_o word_n be_v soon_o boil_v upon_o this_o account_n in_o rain-water_n as_o be_v full_a of_o saline_n particle_n all_o kind_n of_o grain_n be_v soon_o boil_v than_o in_o fountain-water_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o defecated_a upon_o this_o account_n horatius_n augenius_n prefer_v rain-water_n to_o other_o for_o make_v of_o ptisan_n when_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o barley_n do_v soon_o boil_v in_o this_o than_o in_o spring-water_n of_o his_o own_o accord_n confess_v that_o the_o rain-water_n be_v not_o sincere_a which_o make_v he_o go_v into_o this_o opinion_n as_o a_o paradox_n that_o the_o pure_a the_o water_n be_v and_o less_o mix_v the_o less_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o life_n but_o in_o our_o fountain-water_n pulse_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v easy_o enough_o boil_v and_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o aliment_n which_o as_o i_o dare_v not_o discommend_v in_o they_o so_o i_o think_v be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o best_a but_o certain_o that_o be_v a_o great_a criterion_n for_o judge_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o plain_a water_n which_o as_o vitruvius_n say_v be_v take_v from_o the_o habit_n of_o man_n body_n that_o live_v about_o those_o water_n to_o wit_n if_o they_o be_v robu_v clear_a complexion_n sound_n and_o not_o blear-eyed_a now_o it_o be_v know_v enough_o that_o both_o citizen_n and_o such_o as_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n here_o be_v of_o a_o good_a habit_n of_o body_n and_o subject_n to_o none_o of_o these_o distemper_n and_o the_o good_a health_n which_o those_o of_o modena_n enjoy_v beyond_o other_o town_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o water_n as_o in_o egypt_n where_o their_o long_a life_n according_a to_o alpinus_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n see_v therefore_o in_o the_o most_o strict_a censure_n the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v not_o only_o innocent_a but_o wholesome_a true_o this_o city_n have_v nothing_o in_o which_o it_o may_v envy_v any_o other_o as_o to_o this_o point_n yea_o see_v its_o water_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o neighbour_a place_n in_o the_o summertime_n the_o nucerian_a water_n be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o sick_a so_o in_o the_o summertime_n they_o run_v to_o these_o fountain_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o fever_n for_o the_o use_n of_o water_n that_o i_o may_v not_o say_v the_o abuse_n be_v grow_v so_o frequent_a that_o it_o seem_v the_o only_a febrifuge_n and_o chief_o to_o the_o fountain_n which_o be_v call_v abyssus_n as_o to_o the_o well_o of_o esculapius_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v before_o wherefore_o i_o need_v not_o fear_v to_o make_v use_n of_o what_o claudian_n say_v of_o aponus_n that_o they_o be_v at_o least_o among_o our_o countrey-folk_n commune_fw-la medentum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la praesens_fw-la numen_fw-la inempta_fw-la salus_fw-la physician_n common_a aid_n a_o present_a help_n a_o powerful_a deity_n and_o a_o unpurchased_a health_n and_o so_o much_o may_v suffice_v concern_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o well_n of_o modena_n and_o if_o i_o have_v say_v something_o like_o probable_a it_o be_v well_o but_o if_o not_o then_o both_o for_o the_o dignity_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n volutatum_fw-la est_fw-la dolium_fw-la in_o cranio_n finis_fw-la theor._n l._n 1._o p._n 114._o tell._n th._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o tell._n th._n c._n 5._o p._n 35_o 36_o 37._o ☞_o ram._n p._n 58_o 76._o fig._n 1._o exer._n 100_o de_fw-fr motu_fw-la anim_fw-la p._n 1._o prop._n 215._o ☜_o ☜_o ep._n 2._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 5._o hist._n nat._n c._n 9_o c._n 35._o lib._n 3_o quaest._n nat._n c._n 28._o cant._n 4._o l._n 3._o quae._n nat._n c._n 7._o de_fw-fr leg._n dial._n 8._o lib._n 7._o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la in_o lucul_n 5_o aph._n 26._o lib._n 31._o n._n 11._o c._n 3._o one_o may_v rather_o say_v saline_n in_o thal._n de_fw-fr bonit_n aq_fw-la c._n 1._o