the health of man the 3. is Pathologia and is exercâ—â—ed in searching out the sicknâ—â—â— the cause the 4 is Semcouâ—â—e and is exercised in hewing the signe either oâ—â—ife or death the 5. is Therapeutica and that teacheth the order of curing affects besides nature and vnder this last part is comprehended three other parts Dieta compositio medicamentorum and Chirurgia Doct. I see you are reasonably wel acquainted with the definition and diuision of the art But you told me but now that physick was the study of things natural of things not natural and of things against nature tell mee what are those things that you terme naturall Stud. Those things that are termed Res naturales naturall are seuen Elements temperaments humours spirits parts faculties and functions in the knowledge of which Physiologia or the knowledge of naturall things is exercised Doct. Tel me then what is an Element Stud. Element is a body most pure and simple the least part of the same wherin Elementum quid it is which câ—â— not be diuided into any other kind and of it all things natural haue their originall beginning This definition is taken out of Galen and Aristotle and therefore cannot be denied Doct. How many Elements are there Stud. There are are foure Elements viz. the fire which is extreame hotte and moderately drie the aire extreame moist and moderately hot the water extream cold and moderately moist the earth extream drie moderately cold In heat the fire with the aire and in drines with the earth in moisture the aire with the water and in heat with the fire in coldnesse the water with the earth and in moisture with the aire the earth in drines with the fire and in coldnesse with the water doe all consent and agree And as the water to the fire is extreame contrary so is the aire to the earth of the mixture of these Elements all naturall bodies haue their composition And yet it is nothing necessary that they be equally mingled in the body but according to that that hath dominion the body is named cholerick sanguin phlegmatick or melancholick and haue their denomination of the foure naturall humors viz. choler blood flegme and melancholy which take their qualities of the Elements for choler is hot drie according to the nature of the fire and blood is hot and moist according to the nature of the aire flegme is cold moist according to the water melancholy in no point doth disagree from the earth Doct. You haue well declared how naturall bodies are framed by the mixture of the Elements let me heare how briefly you can shew me the differences of temperatures Stud. Temperatures are in number Temperamentum nine whereof there are eight do exceed and therefore they may be better called distemperatures then temperatures the ninth is temperate for it doeth exceed in no quality Of distemperatures there be foure simple and foure compound the simple are heat cold drines moisture of the which ioyned together distemperatures are made The ninth is neither hot cold dry nor moist it is framed of them all and that is it which the Grecians do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Bene temperatuÌ„ or according to the Arithmeticians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 TeÌ„peramentuÌ„ ad pondus a coÌ„plexion measured by weight because there are as many degrees of heat as there are of cold of drines as there are of moisture the other which be distemperatures be not measured by weight but by dignity as in the heart wel tempered heat doth exceed in the braine well tempered moisture doth exceed in the fatte wel tempered cold in Temperamentum secund iustitiam distributiuam the bones wel tempered drines and this is called temperamentum secundùm iustitiam distributiuam a temperature rightly measured or disposed with equality Doct. But is it possible to find a body so complexioned that we may say here is a body framed of the foure Elements ad poÌ„dus that is to a iust equal proportioÌ„ Stud. I am perswaded that it is altogether impossible for any man to find such a body that the soure Elements may be said to be equally proportioned in him for either heat or moisture hath still the predomination or coldnes and drines And yet I thinke it not to be impossible but that there may be such a body but hard to be found as hard to come by as Quintilians Orator or the wise man which the Stoicks defined a man harder to come by then the rich Iewell the Philosophers stone which although diuers brag that it may be framed yet it can neuer be attained vnto so we may imagine such a man to bee as by the consent of nature was neuer framed nor is euer like to be But if there be any that can find a man that is neither too grosse nor Definition of a temperate man too slender nor very ful of haire nor yet smoth without haire nor soft nor yet hard blacke nor white hot nor cold drie nor moist and to be brief such a one that keepeth a meane without al excesse if I say we can find such a one then are we sure we haue a body complexioned ad pondus and to just proportion Doct. Then you conclude there can be found no body so framed that it may be termed Corpus temperatum an pondus Stud. It is very true Read fernel Lâ—onar Tuc. Iohn Rolanus Doct. Then shew me the iudgement and signes of Temperaments Stud. That was I minded to performe if you had not spoken thereof for it is to no end to know the differences of temperatures if we know not the signes of the same also First then we know by the touching heate from cold moysture from drithe and those that are of a soft disposition of body the flesh being laxe and thinne them wee iudge to bee moyst those that haue a thicke and a hard skinne them wee iudge to be drie Then wee proceed as well to physicall actions as to morall neither doe wee account physicall onely naturall but vitall and the animall also Morall actions are assects of a body concupiscible angry and rationall for Galen in one booke doth teach that Animimores sequuntur temperamentuÌ„ corporis that the disposition of the mind doth follow the temperature of the bodie In men that by nature are hot the heart and the Artiers beate vehemeÌ„tly but in men of a cold disposition the heart and pulse beate remisly and slowly men of an hot dispositioÌ„ are very much inclined to lust and venerie the cold disposition is for the most part very flow or vnable notwithstanding it sometimes doth happen that the hot complexion proueth vnfit for Venus because the members of generation are ouer cold The hot complexion is prone vnto anger they are of a proud and hautie stomack but the cold are feareful sober and of an abiect mind the hot complexion is crafty subtill
and exercise doeth cause a strong body Syracke saith in Cap. 17. that abundance of meat beggetteth diseases and that gluttony doeth fill the body with vitious humours Plato in his second Booke De legibus doth forbid the vse of wine and especially vnto children vntill they be eighteene yeares of age and giueth a reason that Non decetignem igni adijoere And these verses are worthy the consideration Immodici sensus perturbat copia bacchi Inde quis enumeret quot mala proueniant Corporis exhaurit succos animique vigorena Opprimit ingemum strangulat atque necat Doct. That is very true for wee see what drowsie sots those common tospots tauerne haunters are and how vnfit to euery good action subiect to euery kind of disease as Palsies Apoplexies Hydropsies Epelipsies gouts such like besides they are turned for the most part from men to monsters and their minds are as full of filthie disires as their bodies of soule diseases But I pray you proceed vnto the next which is sleepe and watchfulnes let mee know how you doe define the same Of Sleepe and Watchfulnes Stud. SLeepe is a rest and quietnes of De sonnio the vertue animall which hapneth when the profitable vapours of the nourishment doe ascend vp into the braine where they doe sweetly moysten and euery where flowing in the braine doe obstruct the Meatus and passages of the senses and moouing Nerues thorow which the vertue of the seness doe by little and little faile The Efficent cause is heate which as Hip. saith in sleepe it flieth more inwards to the end to helpe concoction from whence it hapneth that the outward members doe easily waxe cold in sleepe and doe require to be more warmer couered The Material cause is a sweet vapour ascending from the nourishment into the brain and stopping the Meatus of the senses and spirits that the members forsake their motion The Formal cause is the rest of the outward senses that is hearing and seeing in like manner local mouing as neither the hands nor the feet doe moue any more or performe their office The Finall causes are first a moystning and a recreation of the braine and of the heart According to Virgil Fessos Virgilius soporirrigat artus Secondly that the action of the stomacke and of the liuer in concoction may be the stronger drawing inwards the heat and the spirits for to that end doth the animall faculties rest in sleepe to the end the natural may more stronger performe their office Thirdly that it may be the image of death according to Ouid Stulte quid est somnus gelidae nisi mortis imago Galen calleth it frater mortis the brother of death for as in sleepe the body taketh its rest and the soule watcheth so also in death the body resteth but the soule and spirit liueth As concerning the order and length of sleepe we must consider how much and how long is conuenient to euery body for long sleepe is more conuenient for them that as yet haue not attained to a perfect digestion whether it happeneth through the eating of euill meats or through the wrakenes of the vertue digestiue And forasmuch as sleepe doeth slacken and make laxe the animall powers it is not so necessary for those that be fasting or to such as do suffer much hunger for thereby the head is filled with fuines and euaporations eleuated from the feces supersluities retained in the stomack But on the contrary too much watching is hurthfull to the braine it doth debilitate and weaken the senses it doth burne the humors and is the cause of sharpe diseases sometimes of frensies of madnesse melancholy and deliriums In this therefore we must be carefull to consider how much is sufficient for as Hippocrates saith both sleepe and watchfulnes which soeuer it be if they be immoderate are hurtfull For the length of sleepe the most part of Physitions do agree Length of sleepe that to strong bodies seuen houres in the night is sufficient for in the day time it is generally disallowed and to those that are weaker eight houres at the most Plato in Timaeo saith when the world shutteth vp hereie we also should shut Plato vp our cies the eye of the world is the sunne therefore sleepe is not long to be deferred after the setting of the sun neither presently after supper can sleepe be wholsome for as Galen saith Lib. 4. Abhorismorum Commentario 67. à cibis ad somnum connersis caput impletur A certain great man was wont to say that he found nothing better for the preseruation of his health then to read nothing after supper to write nothing nor to be long out of his bedde so said he I am very wel able to arise in the morning with cheerefulnesse to follow my busines He that hath a strong stomacke let him lie first vpon the right side but he that hath a weake digestiue facultie should first lie vpon the left side and afterwards vpon the right for to lie vpon the left side doth better helpe digestion and vpon the right side it helpeth better for the distribution of the meat Doct. The next thing not naturall is exercise and rest how may that auaile Motus quies for the benefit and health of the bodie Of exercise and rest Stud. A Great part of the preseruatiō of the health of mans body doth consist in due exercise and rest for both these are necessary both to the body and the minde of which Ouid saith Cernis vt ignauum corrumpant ocia corpus Vt capiunt vitium nimoue antur aqua In these verses the similitude is of the body and the water For as water that doth not mooue doth easily putrifie so the body also groweth to corruption without exercise In like manner of the mind and vnstanding Outd V. Trist Elegia 12. saith Adde quòd ingenium long a rubigine laesum Torpet est multo quà m fuit amè munus Where he calleth it Longam rubiginem otium ignauum he meaneth that wherby the whole force of the wit and vnderstanding is ouerthrowne or at the least doth languish and is diminished euen as by the contrary it is refreshed and made sharpe There are three profits and commodities that ariseth by motion and exercise the first is it maketh the bodie strong Secondly it doth excite and increase naturall heate Thirdly the spirits and the senses are thereby made more stronger and sharper As concerning the times of exercise the Aphorism of Hippocrates doth teach Lib. 6. Epi. Sect. 4. Aphoris vlt. vs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 labours before meate he calleth motion or exercise of the body labours Therefore before meate and not after the body must bee exercised for quietnes after feeding or very litle exercise is to be vsed lest that the naturall heat which should be exercised about concoction and digesture should be dispersed and so made weaker Of Rest the same Ouid saith Quod
must be cleere and drie either naturally or so framed by Art no sleeping by day is allowed at night as little as may be exercise before meate is commendable and frications of the parts opposite to the part affected the belly must be kept laxe and soluble As concerning topicall meanes in the beginning we may vse those things that doe meanly repell for the humour for the most part being grosse and thick by medicines that doe ouermuch repell is made more thicker and grosser therefore we must mixe with repercussiue medicines discussiues as when wee apply to strong bodies Oxicratum of two partes of vinegre and one of water moistning therein some new spunge or prepared with Aphronitro or some kind of salt for the vinegre doth not only repell by his coldnesse but it doth incide and attenuate and by his drines doth resolue the spunge also either new or prepared doth resolue There be some that doe apply bolarmonick nuts of Cypres Alum which they ought not to do without discussiues for the cause aforesaid The same consideration is to bee had of other Astringents in the cold gout which is an Oedomatous tumor Wormwood boiled and heaten into the forme of a cataplasm is found to doe very much good The tumor is resolued cum oleo Irino succo Ebuse Diacholon by itselfe or mixed Emp. de melitoto malaxed with the oile of camomel You may ad if you wil Storax or Ammoniacum dissolued in vinegre If need require we may make a fotus ex hyssopo thymo pulegio origano calamentha Ebulo seminibus anisi faeniculs faemagraeci fiat decoctio profotu The residēce may be brused there may be added vnto it olcum chamomelinū Irinū Anethinum or ex farina fabarum orobi lolij with the iuyce of Ebulus sambucus brassica or with the foresaid oyles and so make a cataplasme Stercus vaccae with butter or oile fried together adding a 4. part of sulphure of slercu caprarum columbarū with vinegre and the lees of wine doth very well Doct. What if the tumor will not bee discussed but grow into abscessus what must we doe then Stud Then as much as we may procure it to suppuration taking Rad. altheae ℥ iiij Rad. lil ℥ ij caricarum par v. florum chamomels meliloti sing P. j. farinae hord faenugraeci sing ℥ j. coquantur terantur addendo pinguedints gal butyri recent olei lil chamo sing ℥ j. make a cataplasme apply it When the abscessus is opned we may giue inwardly treacle cum aquis cardiacis by which the heart is strengthned doth repell from it selfe the hurtfull humor When this tumor is a Symptom of an other disease as of the dropsy the phtisick cacexia it hath then no proper cure for it is impossible to cure the same vnles the affect from whence it springeth be first cured Doct. Goe now to the last of those tumors against nature which is called Scirrhus and be as breefe therein as the former well how will you deale against that grosse hard and melancolick tumor Of the true Scirrhus Stud. The first intention for the cure of Scirrhus is referred to a due order of diet which must bee but little attenuating somwhat hot moist The nourishment must bee such as may breed pure and good blood such as the Grecians call Euchyma The bread must bee of pure wheate not too stale or hard baked Wine that is thinne and pure such as Gascoigne or white wine may be allowed New laid egs chickins capons cockrels partridge veale lambe may bee eaten also broth may bee made with spinage beets borrage buglosse Al goates flesh beefe buls flesh hares flesh brawne bacon and all salt fish must be auoided In like manner colworts cabbage beanes and peason and such like pulse old cheese salt meates and sharpe with pepper mustard garlick and onions must be refused so the Patient must auoid anger griefe vehement cares with immoderate exercise and watchings for those are exceeding driers of the body the belly must bee alwaies kept laxe and soluble The second intention is to purge the matter antecedent to performe which may be prescribed some emollient clyster or some bolus of cassia and catholicon also a veine may be opened especially if the body bee altogether melancholik taking heed that the melancholick humor bee not altogether alienated from the nature of the blood for then we must abstaine from blood-letting minister purging medicines Doct. What medicines are fit to purge melancholy Stud. To purge melancholy Thymus Epithym Senna oriantalis polypodium quercinum lapis lazuli veratrum nigrum catholicon Diasenna triphera persica confectio hamech and hiera Ruffi and such like as we haue before declared Doct. Well we will leaue out the purging medicines and in the meane time proceed to your topicall medicines tell mee what is your first intention or application Stud. At the first application I doe not as some common Chirurginos doe to vse repellent medicines and so make that which is of it selfe cold and grosse to bee more cold and grosser but I apply mollients and resolutiues and such things as may discusse and incide by which the part is made strong and comforted neuertheles I doe auoid those medicines that doe too much mollifie lest the tumor thereby bee turned into a cancrous vlcer Wee must also beware of immoderate discussiues lest wee discusse the thin matter and leaue only the grosser substance of the humor remaining so the tumor become vncurable Doct. Tell me then with what medicines that tumor is mollified Stu. Mollifying medicines are Oesypus lana succida butyrum oleum Amigdalarum oleum chamomels anethinum liliorum adeps Gallinaceus ansermus anatinus suillus ursi medullae vituli cerui and the fats of other liuing creatures Muccagines propolis cera malua althea hlūs brāca ursina caricae pingues Doct. Giue me a stronger sort Stu. The stronger sort is Ammoniacum dissolued in vinegre bdellium molle pingue styrax liquida galbanum such like to which may be added semen apij cumini radix ireos anethum ruta slos genistae c. Doct. Giue me a composition or two fit for that purpose Stud. I will giue you a plaster Rec. Caricas pingues 12. coquantur terantur ammoniaci bdellij galbani in aceto dissolut sing ℥ ij styracis liquid ℥ j. muccag althea sem lins faenugr sing ℥ ij aesypi butyrirecentis sing ℥ j. olci recint vel de lilio ℥ iij. cerae Q. S. make an Emplaster Or this oyntment following Rec. Rad. genistae hyperici fol. cupressi scrophul siccor sing Drag v. Litharg auri ℥ j. muccaginis sem lini saenugraecae sing ℥ ij olei vulp de lilio sing ℥ iiij cerae Q. S. fiat unguentum adding thereunto a little vinegre Also vnguentum de althea to which may be added of the gummes aforesaid is very conuenient Doct. You haue
powder giue one dragme with fennell water or with fiue ounces of suger and aqua epilleptica and rose water Q. S. make Lozenges A Pectorall confection Rec. Cinamomi Drag i. ss Liquiritiae Scr. ij Thymi P. j. Radicum ireos Scr. iiij Let all be brused and let it boile Cum aqua foeniculi â„¥ ij Scabiosae â„¥ j. Rosarum â„¥ j. ss Then let it stand one quarter of an houre and straine it and take so much of the same straining as shall suffice to dissolue ii â„¥ ss of white suger candie and of Pennidice j. â„¥ and so let it boile to a thicknes and then mixe therein of cinamon in sine powder halfe a scruple Radicumireos Scr. j. Dragaganti alb Scr. ss Margaritarum Praparat gra vi Seminis bombicis Enucleati Scr. ss Fol. aurinum 4. And therewith make pectorall roles Roles for the cough and Asthma Rec. Pinearum praep Drag ij Radicum ireos Liquiritiae rasae au Scr. ij Dragaganti Drag ss Seminum anisi Scr. j. Feniculi Vrticae an Scr. ss Rad. angelicae Drag ss Cinamomi Scr. iiij Storacis calamitae Scr. ss Sacchari Penidij candi an â„¥ j. ss And with the water of Scabios and fenell as much as shall suffice make roles Restoratiue Lozenges Rec. Pinearum praepara Drag ij ss Fisticorum viridium Drag ij Specierum Diambrae Scr. ij Cinamonu Drag ss Galangae Scr. j. Garyophillorum Drag ss Nucis muscatae Scr. ij Zinziberis albi Drag ss Xiloaloes Scr. ss With iiij â„¥ and a halfe of suger dissolued in rose water with the species and other things make a confection in Lozenges Lozenges for the oppilation of the Liuer euill state of body and the Dropsie Rec. SpecieruÌ„ aromatici rosati Drag j. sc ss Specterum Dialaccae Drag ss Macis Scr. j. Squinanti Carui Radicum asari an scr ss Cinamomi scr iiij Sandalorum citrin Rubeorum an Drag ss Cyperi scr j. Limaturae eboris scr j. Fisticorum viridium scr iiij Seminum melonum Excorticat scr ij With vj. â„¥ of suger in the water of Agrimony and roses Q. S. dissolued make a confection in Lozenges A Tragea for Dysenteria and the blody Fluxe Rec. Margaritarum scr ij Carabe Xyloaloes an scr j. Chermes Garyophillorum an Dra. ss Nucis muscatae Corallornm praeparat an scr j. With one ounce and a halfe of manus Christi sandalini being finely powdred make Tragea it is also very good against Abortion Manus Christi sandalini Rec. Specierum trium sandalorum dr j. ss Margaritarum praep Scr. ij Corallorum amborum an Scr. j. Seminum mclonum Excorticat Drag j. Conseruae rosarum â„¥ j. Sacchari in aqua Rosarum dissoluti Q S. Make a confection in roles it is good against a hot distemper of the liuer and stomacke and other diseases that spring thereof Tragea Against inuoluntarie pissing Rec. Coriandri Drag j. Carabae Drag ss Corallorum rub Xyloaloes an scr j. Glandium quercus Drag ij Nucis muscalae Scr. v. Sandalorum rubeor Scr. ij ss With v. â„¥ and a halfe of suger make Tragea and let it be giuen at the entrance into bed Against the superfluous flux of the Menstrus and of the wombe Rec. Granorum chermes Scr. v. Sandalorum rubeorum Drag ss Carabe Scr. j. Nucis muscatae Scr. ij Fragmentorum sinaragdi gra v. With three ounces of fine white suger make Tragea Against ache and paine of the ioints Rec. Chamedrios Chamepitheos Gentianae an Drag iij. Foliorum rutae siccae â„¥ iiij Make all into fine powder this must be administred after euacuation the body being well purged and there is vsed to be giuen one spoonefull in the winter time with white wine and in the summer with some distilled water Her mes composed the like powder ex Chamedrios Gentianae an â„¥ iiij Aristologiae rotund â„¥ j. Seminum rutae siccoe lib. ss The dose is one spoonefull with Hydromel Vide Gal. 14. meth c. Tragea de tartaro Rec. Foliorum senae â„¥ j. Tartari albi de vino potenti â„¥ ss Turbit albi gummosiâ—m â„¥ ss Cinamomi Zinziberis an Dra. ss Gariophillorum Drag j. Sacchari â„¥ j. Fiat tragea A laxatiue powder Rec. Polypodij Scr. ij Zinziberis Scr. j. Agarici trochiscat Drag ss Rhabarbari Drag j. Folliculorum senae Scr. j. Garyophiliorum Turbit Cinamomi an Dra. ss Make all this into powder for the delicater sort of people For those that be stronger there may be added of Diagridium one scruple The dose is one Drag giuen in foure ounces of Claretum laxatinum Laxatiue Lozenges Rec. Foliorum senae mund scr ij ss Cinamomi Zinziberis Garyophillorum an scr ij Hermodactilorum scr iiij Rhabarbari Drag j. Turbit electi Drag ij ss Diagridij Drag i. scr ij ss Squinantij Gran. v. Galangae Nucis muscatae an scr ss With eight ounces of suger dissolued in the water of Endiue make a confection in Lozenges The dose is from three Drag vnto sixe Drag An Electuarie against the Epilepsie and vertigo Rec. Diacori â„¥ j. ss Conseruae maioranae Lauendulae Rorismarini an â„¥ j. Conseruae sticados â„¥ ss Specierum diambrae scr v. Caryophillorum Cinamomi Cardamomian scr ij Cubearum Drag ss Nucis muscatae Golangae an Drag ss Visci quercini scr ij Corallorum rubeorum scr j. With suger dissolued in the water of Lauender make an Electuarie An Electuarie for the conseruation of the sight Rec. Conseruae Euphragiae â„¥ j. ss Conseruae rosarum â„¥ j Galangae Drag ss Macis ser ij Cubebarum scr j. Garyophillorum Drag j. Cinamomi scr iiij Seminum rutae Faniculi an Drag ss Nucis muscatae Scr. ij Pulpae Chebulorum Conditorum Dra. iij. Nucis muscatae Conditae â„¥ ss Let all be brought into fine powder cum Brodio emblicorum conditorum or of Ginger condite make an Elexuatie An Electuarie for spitting of blood Rec. Conseruae rosarum vet â„¥ ij ss Betonicae â„¥ ss Electri albi Scr. iiij Corollorum praeparat Drag j. ss Cornu cerui vsti Drag j. ss Gummi Arabici Scr. ij Rob. deribes Dra. vi With the syrupe of purslane as much as is sufficient make an Electuarie An Electuarie for trembling of the heart Rec. Conseruae rosarum â„¥ iij. Conseruae florum Tunicae â„¥ j. Conserua melissa â„¥ ss Specier um margariti Frigidi Scr. iiij Galangae Scr. j. Cinamomi Scr. iiij Garyopbillorum Scr. ij Doronici Scr. j. Succini alb Drag ss Nucis muscatae conditae Drag ij Zinziberis conditi â„¥ ss Corticum citri Pinearum praeparat an Drag ij Seminum melonum Drag j. Manus Christi cum Perlis â„¥ ss Margaritarum prap Gran. v. Foliorum aurinum iiij With the syrupe of Acetosus cirri make an Electuarie A restoratiue Electuarie Rec. Conseruae rosarum â„¥ ij ss Conseruae cichorij â„¥ ss Sandalorum citrinorum Xyloaloesan Scr. ss Galangae Scr. j. Cinamomi Scr. ij ss Calomi aromatici Conditi Drag ij Radicum cichorij conditi Drag iij. Zinziberis conditi â„¥ ss Fisticorum viridium scr v.