much_o obstinacy_n that_o not_o only_o about_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o jar_n there_o appear_v a_o good_a number_n of_o bubble_n but_o very_o much_o small_a than_o those_o we_o see_v the_o first_o time_n but_o afterward_o there_o come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o jar_n bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o small_a pea_n which_o the_o pump_n be_v still_o keep_v go_v follow_v one_o another_o to_o the_o number_n of_o forty_o come_v from_o the_o stop_v viol_n who_o mouth_n it_o seem_v have_v not_o be_v shut_v so_o strong_o and_o close_o but_o that_o the_o include_v air_n dilate_v itself_o by_o its_o own_o spring_n make_v itself_o some_o little_a passage_n betwixt_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o glass_n and_o get_v away_o in_o these_o bubble_n after_o which_o the_o unstopped_a glass_n begin_v to_o float_v again_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o it_o be_v manifest_o so_o dilate_v as_o to_o expel_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o break_v quite_o thorough_a and_o at_o length_n when_o our_o expectation_n of_o it_o be_v almost_o tire_v out_o the_o heavy_a of_o the_o two_o viol_n begin_v to_o come_v aloft_o and_o immediate_o to_o subside_o again_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o air_n within_o it_o who_o bulk_n and_o spring_n be_v weaken_a by_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o forty_o bubble_n beforementioned_a it_o be_v no_o long_o able_a as_o former_o to_o break_v forcible_o through_o the_o incumbent_a water_n but_o form_v a_o bubble_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n boy_v it_o up_o towards_o the_o top_n and_o there_o get_v away_o leave_v it_o to_o sink_v again_o till_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v further_o take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o viol_n be_v permit_v to_o expand_v itself_o further_a and_o to_o create_v another_o bubble_n by_o which_o it_o be_v again_o for_o a_o while_o carry_v up_o and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o after_o have_v empty_v the_o receiver_n as_o far_o as_o well_o we_o can_v we_o cease_v from_o pump_v yet_o the_o vessel_n continue_v more_o staunch_a than_o it_o be_v wont_a this_o ascent_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v repeat_v to_o the_o nine_o time_n the_o include_v air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o vent_n at_o which_o it_o must_v pass_v out_o be_v not_o able_a to_o get_v away_o otherwise_o then_o little_a by_o little_a and_o consequent_o in_o divers_a such_o parcel_n as_o be_v able_a to_o constitute_v bubble_n each_o of_o they_o big_a enough_o to_o raise_v the_o viol_n and_o keep_v it_o aloft_o until_o the_o avolation_n of_o that_o bubble_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o grand_a rule_n in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n in_o case_n it_o be_v light_a than_o as_o much_o of_o that_o water_n that_o equal_v it_o in_o bulk_n will_v hold_v likewise_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v in_o very_o great_a measure_n if_o not_o when_o it_o be_v total_o take_v off_o from_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o body_n though_o it_o be_v worth_a inquire_v what_o it_o be_v that_o so_o plentiful_o concur_v to_o fill_v the_o bubble_n make_v in_o our_o experiment_n by_o the_o so_o much_o expanded_a air_n for_o to_o say_v with_o the_o old_a peripatetic_a school_n that_o the_o air_n in_o rarefaction_n may_v acquire_v a_o new_a extent_n without_o the_o admission_n of_o any_o new_a substance_n will_v be_v a_o account_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n very_o much_o out_o of_o date_n and_o which_o i_o suppose_v our_o modern_a naturalist_n will_v neither_o give_v nor_o acquiess_n in_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o in_o this_o experiment_n as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o do_v soon_o precipitate_a the_o float_a viol._n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o note_n that_o congruous_o to_o what_o have_v be_v above_o record_v of_o the_o vast_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o heavy_a viol_n succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o those_o forty_o odd_a if_o not_o fifty_o great_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o at_o several_a time_n get_v out_o of_o it_o amount_v but_o to_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a bigness_n 26._o experiment_n 26._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o those_o that_o have_v consider_v what_o belong_v to_o pendulum_n a_o speculation_n that_o may_v in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n be_v high_o useful_a to_o the_o naturalist_n that_o their_o vibration_n be_v more_o slow_o make_v and_o that_o their_o motion_n last_v less_o in_o a_o thick_a then_o in_o a_o thin_a medium_fw-la we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v if_o a_o pendulum_n will_v swing_n fast_o or_o continue_v swing_v long_o in_o our_o receiver_n in_o case_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n than_o otherwise_o wherefore_o we_o take_v a_o couple_n of_o round_a and_o polish_a pendulum_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n of_o equal_a bigness_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v get_v the_o artificer_n to_o make_v they_o and_o weigh_v each_o of_o they_o twenty_o dragmes_fw-la want_v as_o many_o grain_n one_o of_o these_o we_o suspend_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n by_o a_o very_a slender_a silken_a string_n of_o about_o seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n from_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v then_o by_o incline_v the_o engine_n we_o make_v the_o pendulum_n swing_v too_o and_o â—ro_o in_o it_o and_o describe_v as_o long_a arch_n as_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o so_o brittle_a a_o vessel_n we_o think_v safe_a and_o convenient_a and_o one_o of_o the_o assistant_n tell_v the_o recursion_n of_o the_o other_o pendulum_n hang_v in_o the_o free_a air_n by_o a_o string_n of_o about_o the_o same_o length_n we_o shorten_v and_o lengthen_v this_o other_o pendulum_n till_o it_o appear_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o pace_n in_o its_o vibration_n with_o that_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n then_o have_v careful_o draw_v away_o the_o air_n we_o do_v again_o set_v the_o pendulum_n in_o the_o receiver_n a_o vibrate_n and_o give_v the_o other_o pendulum_n such_o a_o motion_n as_o make_v it_o describe_v a_o arch_n according_a to_o one_o guess_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o include_v pendulum_n we_o reckon_v one_o of_o we_o the_o recursion_n of_o that_o pendulum_n which_o be_v swing_v within_o the_o receiver_n and_o another_o of_o we_o that_o which_o be_v move_v in_o that_o which_o one_o will_v think_v a_o much_o more_o resist_a medium_n the_o air._n but_o once_o one_o of_o we_o reckon_v near_o two_o and_o twenty_o recursion_n of_o the_o include_v pendulum_n whilst_o the_o other_o reckon_v but_o twenty_o of_o the_o pendulum_n that_o vibrate_v without_o and_o another_o time_n also_o the_o former_a of_o these_o pendula_fw-la be_v reckon_v to_o have_v make_v one_o and_o twenty_o recursion_n wherein_o the_o other_o make_v but_o twenty_o yet_o this_o experiment_n seem_v to_o teach_v we_o little_a save_v that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o a_o pendulum_n in_o the_o common_a air_n and_o in_o one_o exceed_o rarify_v be_v scarce_o sensible_a in_o vessel_n no_o big_a than_o our_o receiver_n especial_o since_o though_o during_o this_o experiment_n it_o hold_v very_o well_o yet_o we_o can_v not_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v altogether_o devoid_a of_o air._n we_o observe_v also_o that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o air_n the_o include_v pendulum_n continue_v its_o recursion_n about_o fifteen_o minute_n or_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n before_o it_o leave_v off_o swing_v and_o that_o after_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o vibration_n of_o the_o same_o pendulum_n be_v fresh_a put_v into_o motion_n appear_v not_o by_o a_o minute_n watch_n to_o last_v sensible_o long_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v other_o than_o we_o expect_v scarce_o afford_v we_o any_o other_o satisfaction_n then_o that_o of_o our_o not_o have_v omit_v to_o try_v it_o and_o whether_o in_o case_n the_o trial_n be_v make_v with_o a_o pendulum_n much_o less_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o air_n than_o steel_n be_v the_o event_n will_v much_o better_a answer_n expectation_n experience_n may_v be_v consult_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_n whereby_o sound_n be_v convey_v to_o the_o ear_n 27._o experiment_n 27._o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n but_o this_o receive_a opinion_n have_v be_v of_o late_o oppose_v by_o some_o philosopher_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o experiment_n make_v by_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v as_o they_o assure_v we_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n with_o a_o steel_n clapper_n be_v
either_o way_n the_o terrestrial_a steam_n may_v here_o and_o there_o considerable_o alter_v the_o gravity_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n your_o lordship_n may_v also_o be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o by_o our_o seventeen_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v expanded_a more_o than_o ordinary_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v proportionable_o subside_o so_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o receiver_n be_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v it_o do_v impel_v up_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o wont_a height_n of_o betwixt_o six_o and_o seven_o and_o twenty_o digit_n and_o if_o to_o these_o thing_n we_o annex_v that_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v the_o degree_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o into_o our_o receiver_n do_v not_o sensible_o alter_v its_o temperature_n as_o to_o cold_a or_o heat_n it_o will_v not_o i_o hope_v appear_v absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o since_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o tube_n can_v but_o very_o faint_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o press_v it_o downward_o since_o too_o that_o include_v air_n can_v scarce_o immediate_o receive_v any_o sensible_a alteration_n save_o either_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a and_o since_o also_o that_o according_a to_o the_o bare_a density_n or_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o subjacent_a quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n that_o in_o the_o tube_n be_v impel_v more_o or_o less_o high_a such_o change_n happen_v in_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n either_o by_o the_o ascension_n of_o gross_a or_o copious_a exhalation_n or_o by_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o which_o there_o may_v be_v divers_a as_o be_v capable_a to_o make_v considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o consistence_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o rarity_n and_o density_n may_v be_v able_a proportionable_o to_o alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n i_o rather_o say_v that_o such_o alteration_n may_v be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n because_o i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a if_o i_o have_v propose_v conjecture_n not_o altogether_o irrational_a about_o a_o new_a mystery_n of_o nature_n touch_v which_o the_o chief_a thing_n i_o pretend_v to_o be_v to_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o curious_a to_o inquire_v further_o into_o it_o then_o i_o have_v be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v 19_o experiment_n 19_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o move_v we_o to_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o draw_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o mercury_n will_v descend_v in_o a_o tube_n short_a than_o six_o and_o twenty_o digit_n induce_v we_o also_o to_o expect_v that_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n water_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o subside_v in_o glass_n tubes_fw-la of_o a_o moderate_a length_n though_o by_o the_o noble_a experiment_n say_v to_o have_v be_v accurate_o make_v in_o france_n by_o monsieur_n paschal_n we_o be_v inform_v that_o a_o tube_n of_o no_o less_o than_o about_o two_o and_o thirty_o foot_n be_v find_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la succeed_v with_o water_n instead_o of_o quicksilver_n so_o tall_a a_o cylinder_n of_o that_o light_a liquor_n be_v it_o seem_v requisite_a to_o equal_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o and_o twenty_o digit_n and_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o take_v then_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n of_o about_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o not_o very_o slender_a this_o at_o the_o open_a end_n we_o fill_v with_o common_a water_n and_o then_o stop_v that_o end_n till_o we_o have_v invert_v the_o tube_n and_o open_v it_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o the_o like_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o somewhat_o deep_a and_o slender_a vessel_n this_o vessel_n with_o the_o tube_n in_o it_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_v up_o after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o as_o much_o of_o the_o event_n as_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n be_v this_o that_o till_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o tube_n continue_v topful_a of_o water_n as_o when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n former_o contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o to_o bring_v the_o remain_a air_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o so_o short_a and_o light_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n but_o when_o once_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o fall_v in_o the_o tube_n than_o each_o exsuction_n of_o air_n make_v it_o descend_v a_o little_a low_o though_o nothing_o near_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n at_o the_o beginning_n do_v in_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v nor_o do_v there_o appear_v so_o much_o inequality_n in_o the_o space_n transmit_v by_o the_o water_n in_o its_o descent_n as_o there_o do_v in_o those_o observe_v in_o the_o â—all_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n of_o which_o the_o cause_n will_v scarce_o seem_v abstruse_a to_o he_o that_o shall_v due_o reflect_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v and_o whereas_o we_o draw_v down_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o far_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o other_o quicksilver_n into_o which_o it_o be_v to_o fall_v the_o low_a we_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o water_n be_v by_o our_o conjecture_n to_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n of_o which_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o assign_v so_o obvious_a a_o cause_n as_o that_o though_o the_o little_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n can_v not_o hinder_v a_o cylinder_n of_o above_o a_o inch_n high_a of_o quicksilver_n from_o subside_v yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v able_a by_o its_o pressure_n to_o countervail_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o or_o more_o of_o a_o liquor_n so_o much_o less_o ponderous_a than_o quicksilver_n as_o water_n be_v and_o in_o fine_a to_o conclude_v our_o experiment_n when_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v down_o thus_o low_a we_o find_v that_o by_o let_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n it_o may_v be_v immediate_o impel_v up_o again_o to_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n we_o will_v add_v no_o more_o concern_v this_o experiment_n save_o that_o have_v try_v it_o in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n do_v usual_o subside_o diveâ—s_v inches_n and_o at_o the_o second_o exsuction_n fall_v down_o much_o low_a subside_v sometime_o near_o two_o foot_n as_o also_o that_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n from_o without_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v up_o with_o very_a great_a celerity_n that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o notable_a elastical_a power_n whencesoever_o that_o proceed_v we_o have_v 20._o experiment_n 20._o i_o suppose_v abundant_o evince_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n but_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v in_o water_n so_o much_o as_o a_o languid_a one_o seem_v hitherto_o to_o have_v be_v scarce_o consider_v nor_o have_v be_v yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v determine_v either_o way_n by_o any_o writer_n which_o invite_v we_o to_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n there_o be_v take_v a_o great_a glass-bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n such_o as_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n till_o the_o liquor_n reach_v about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v there_o past_v on_o be_v put_v unstopped_a into_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o after_o the_o wont_a manner_n the_o event_n be_v this_o that_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n be_v draw_v out_o before_o we_o discern_v any_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n but_o continue_v the_o labour_n of_o pump_v the_o water_n manifest_o begin_v to_o ascend_v in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o divers_a bubble_n loosen_a themselves_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o there_o break_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o after_o the_o water_n once_o appear_v to_o swell_v then_o at_o each_o time_n the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v out_o the_o air_n from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n do_v sudden_o rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o
a_o barleycorn_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o so_o attain_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o mark_n former_o mention_v and_o at_o length_n to_o make_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o evident_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v sudden_o let_v in_o and_o the_o water_n immediate_o subside_v and_o desert_v all_o the_o space_n it_o have_v new_o gain_v in_o the_o glass_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n here_o though_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o in_o another_o paper_n to_o another_o purpose_n with_o another_o expedient_a that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n ago_o to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n have_v a_o spring_n in_o it_o about_o that_o time_n then_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a promoter_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n dr._n wilkins_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o come_v himself_o and_o bring_v some_o of_o his_o inquisitive_a friend_n 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the_o hole_n make_v by_o the_o needle_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o any_o internal_a elater_n of_o the_o water_n but_o of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o many_o little_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o that_o water_n and_o act_v upon_o it_o in_o their_o sudden_a recover_v themselves_o to_o a_o great_a extent_n then_o that_o to_o which_o a_o violent_a compression_n have_v reduce_v they_o but_o though_o from_o all_o these_o particular_n it_o seem_v manifest_a that_o the_o bubble_n we_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n treat_v of_o be_v produce_v by_o such_o a_o substance_n as_o may_v be_v proper_o enough_o call_v air_n yet_o till_o we_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v some_o further_a trial_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v not_o resolute_o determine_v whether_o or_o no_o air_n be_v a_o primogenial_a body_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v that_o can_v now_o be_v generate_v or_o turn_v either_o into_o water_n or_o any_o other_o body_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n because_o it_o be_v a_o important_a question_n and_o if_o right_o determine_v may_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n we_o think_v it_o not_o unfit_a to_o make_v a_o brief_a mention_n of_o some_o of_o the_o particular_n which_o at_o present_a occur_v to_o our_o thought_n in_o favour_n of_o either_o part_n of_o the_o question_n first_o then_o divers_a naturalist_n esteem_v the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o other_o element_n to_o be_v ingenerable_a and_o incorruptible_a and_o reason_n plausible_a enough_o may_v be_v draw_v to_o countenance_v this_o opinion_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o that_o permanency_n that_o ought_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o corporeal_a principle_n of_o other_o body_n
willing_a to_o oblige_v all_o man_n he_o have_v already_o provide_v that_o this_o piece_n shall_v short_o be_v do_v into_o latin_a that_o so_o it_o may_v come_v home_o to_o divers_a worthy_a person_n in_o its_o stream_n who_o can_v travel_v to_o find_v it_o out_o in_o its_o first_o origine_fw-la have_v therefore_o leave_v so_o to_o do_v i_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v the_o world_n the_o advertisement_n of_o this_o latin_a edition_n lest_o some_o skilful_a artist_n shall_v take_v needless_a pain_n about_o a_o work_n which_o will_v ere_o long_o by_o god_n furtherance_n be_v do_v to_o his_o hand_n for_o such_o unprofitable_a expense_n of_o study_n have_v too_o frequent_o happen_v and_o too_o much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o learning_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a correspondence_n and_o intercourse_n between_o such_o as_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o wisdom_n this_o be_v all_o the_o trouble_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a give_v you_o nor_o shall_v i_o need_v mind_n thou_o if_o you_o have_v a_o true_a gust_n for_o the_o book_n you_o read_v to_o have_v a_o honour_n and_o thankful_a regard_n to_o the_o person_n that_o have_v favour_v we_o with_o the_o communication_n of_o these_o his_o trial_n &_o be_v manifest_o so_o great_a a_o patron_n and_o friend_n to_o experimental_a learning_n and_o all_o true_a wisdom_n for_o shall_v you_o fail_v in_o this_o you_o may_v deserve_o be_v deprive_v of_o some_o other_o observation_n on_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o the_o author_n i_o hear_v have_v make_v since_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v that_o i_o do_v not_o make_v excuse_n for_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o publication_n hope_v that_o the_o long_a expectation_n you_o have_v have_v of_o it_o will_v enhance_v and_o not_o diminish_v your_o delight_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o a_o piece_n like_a to_o be_v among_o the_o student_n in_o accurate_a philosophy_n of_o so_o general_a acceptance_n farewell_o r_o sh._n a_o summary_n of_o the_o chief_a matter_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o epistolical_a discourse_n the_o proaemium_fw-la wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n 1._o the_o motive_n that_o induce_v the_o author_n thereunto_o 2_o etc._n etc._n the_o hint_n he_o receive_v 5._o the_o thing_n wherein_o this_o engine_n excel_v any_o that_o have_v yet_o be_v make_v use_n of_o 6_o etc._n etc._n the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o its_o part_n 8_o etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o prepare_v and_o use_v it_o 15_o etc._n etc._n the_o division_n of_o the_o experiment_n tryable_a thereby_o into_o two_o sort_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o exclude_v the_o air._n 18_o etc._n etc._n the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o receiver_n be_v empty_v â—0_n etc._n etc._n a_o digression_n touch_v the_o spring_n or_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o air_n with_o a_o attempt_n for_o a_o mechanical_a explication_n thereof_o necessary_a to_o be_v premise_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o this_o and_o the_o subsequent_a experiment_n 22_o etc._n etc._n the_o second_o experiment_n touch_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n it_o environ_n 37_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o digressive_a explication_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n include_v within_o a_o ambient_fw-la body_n 39_o etc._n etc._n the_o three_o experiment_n touch_v the_o force_n requisite_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n 42_o etc._n etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o a_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n examine_v 44_o etc._n etc._n the_o four_o experiment_n touch_v the_o swell_n of_o a_o bladder_n with_o the_o degree_n by_o which_o it_o increase_v 45_o etc._n etc._n another_o opinion_n of_o a_o learned_a author_n examine_v 48_o etc._n etc._n the_o five_o experiment_n touch_v the_o break_n of_o a_o bladder_n in_o the_o receiver_n 49_o etc._n etc._n and_o of_o another_o by_o heat_n 52_o the_o six_o experiment_n of_o divers_a way_n by_o which_o the_o elastical_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v measure_v 52_o &c_n &c_n the_o seven_o experiment_n touch_v what_o figure_n do_v best_a resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n 62_o etc._n etc._n the_o eight_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o further_a demonstration_n of_o the_o former_a from_o the_o break_n of_o glass_n a_o helmet_n inward_a 64_o etc._n etc._n the_o nine_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a confirmation_n from_o the_o break_n of_o a_o glass_n outward_a 66_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o experiment_n to_o prove_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v not_o from_o a_o invincible_a fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la 69._o a_o description_n of_o other_o small_a receiver_n and_o their_o conveniency_n 70_o etc._n etc._n a_o receipt_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o composition_n to_o cement_v crack_v glass_n 73_o the_o ten_o experiment_n touch_v the_o flame_a of_o candle_n enclose_v in_o the_o receiver_n 74_o etc._n etc._n the_o eleven_o experiment_n touch_v the_o burn_a of_o coal_n 78._o and_o the_o last_a of_o the_o excandescence_n of_o a_o include_v piece_n of_o iron_n 80._o the_o twelve_o experiment_n concern_v the_o burn_a of_o match_n 82_o the_o thirteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o further_a prosecution_n of_o the_o precede_a tend_v to_o prove_v the_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n not_o to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o the_o fume_n 84._o some_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o it_o 86._o the_o experiment_n of_o match_n try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 87_o the_o fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o strike_a fire_n and_o kindle_v of_o powder_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n 88_o etc._n etc._n the_o fifteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o unsuccessfulness_n of_o kindle_v include_v body_n with_o a_o burn_a glass_n and_o the_o author_n intention_n to_o prosecute_v it_o further_o 102_o the_o sixteenth_o experiment_n concern_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n 105_o etc._n etc._n the_o seventeen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o gradual_a descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n 106_o etc._n etc._n some_o observable_a circumstance_n concern_v it_o 112_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o experiment_n try_v in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n 115._o how_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o know_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n for_o every_o degree_n of_o rarefaction_n 1â—6_n etc._n etc._n the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o experiment_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o two_o foot_n long_o 118._o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n by_o the_o force_n of_o more_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n 119._o some_o allegation_n for_o and_o against_o a_o vacuum_n consider_v 1â—0_o etc._n etc._n some_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o measure_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o define_n the_o altitute_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o from_o the_o neglect_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n apt_a to_o remain_v between_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o tube_n 123_o etc._n etc._n some_o expedient_n for_o the_o more_o exact_a fill_v the_o tube_n 127._o the_o height_n the_o author_n once_o find_v of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n according_a to_o english_a measure_n 128._o the_o eighteen_o experiment_n contain_v a_o new_a observation_n touch_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n in_o the_o same_o tube_n with_o a_o offer_n at_o the_o reason_n thereof_o 129_o etc._n etc._n the_o 19_o experiment_n touch_v the_o subside_v of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 140_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 143_o the_o 20_o experiment_n touch_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n with_o a_o digressive_a experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 144_o etc._n etc._n the_o 21_o experiment_n be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a enquiry_n by_o experiment_v the_o generation_n of_o bubble_n under_o water_n a_o recital_n of_o some_o notable_a circumstance_n with_o some_o observable_a corollary_n deduce_v therefrom_o 147_o etc._n etc._n the_o 22_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o determination_n of_o the_o enquiry_n propose_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n by_o prove_v the_o matter_n of_o these_o bubble_n from_o their_o permanency_n to_o be_v air_n the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o great_a and_o small_a receiver_n evince_v the_o same_o thing_n 155_o etc._n etc._n a_o experiment_n wherein_o there_o appear_v bubble_n in_o quicksilver_n 160._o the_o author_n inference_n 162._o a_o digressive_a enquiry_n whether_o or_o no_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v anew_o with_o several_a history_n and_o experiment_n tend_v to_o the_o resolve_v and_o clear_v thereof_o 162_o etc._n etc._n the_o author_n excuse_n for_o so_o long_a a_o digression_n 181_o the_o 23_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a
enquiry_n touch_v bubble_n make_v with_o common_a and_o distil_a water_n 182_o the_o 24_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o inquiry_n be_v prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n as_o with_o salad_n oil_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n red-wine_n milk_n hen_n egg_n spirit_n of_o urine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n spirit_n of_o wine_n 187_o etc._n etc._n the_o wonderful_a expansion_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 194_o the_o 25_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansion_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n under_o water_n 195_o etc._n etc._n the_o 26_o experiment_n touch_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n 202_o etc._n etc._n the_o 27_o experiment_n touch_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o author_n intention_n of_o try_v some_o other_o experiment_n for_o the_o further_a elucidation_n thereof_o 210_o etc._n etc._n the_o 28_o experiment_n touch_v the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o the_o water_n when_o the_o air_n pressure_n be_v speedy_o remove_v 214_o the_o 29_o experiment_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n wherein_o it_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o several_a motion_n which_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o strange_a smoke_a liquor_n of_o the_o author_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v in_o the_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o ascent_n proceed_v from_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n and_o not_o from_o any_o positive_a levity_n of_o their_o own_o 217_o etc._n etc._n the_o 30_o experiment_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o smoke_n which_o in_o several_a circumstance_n seem_v very_o much_o to_o resemble_v the_o property_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n 224_o etc._n etc._n a_o conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o sun_n undulation_n 228_o the_o 31_o experiment_n concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o two_o flat_a marble_n exact_o plain_v and_o wrought_v together_o and_o the_o true_a reason_n thereof_o 229._o the_o author_n intention_n for_o the_o further_a prosecution_n thereof_o &_o what_o hinder_v he_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o under_o marble_n do_v not_o fall_v from_o the_o upper_a be_v only_o conjoynd_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v and_o a_o notable_a relation_n concern_v the_o cohesion_n of_o flat_a body_n 231_o etc._n etc._n the_o 32_o experiment_n touch_v the_o forcible_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o a_o valve_n fasten_v upon_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o diameter_n of_o it_o and_o the_o weight_n it_o sustain_v 233_o etc._n etc._n the_o 33_o experiment_n touch_v the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o under_o superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n 236_o etc._n etc._n what_o weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o depress_v it_o &_o what_o weight_n it_o will_v lift_v and_o carry_v up_o with_o it_o 239_o etc._n etc._n what_o improvement_n &_o use_n there_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o experiment_n 242._o a_o discourse_n touch_v the_o nature_n of_o suction_n prove_v that_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la be_v not_o the_o adequate_a cause_n thereof_o 243_o etc._n etc._n the_o 34_o experiment_n contain_v several_a attempt_n for_o the_o weigh_v of_o light_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n 258_o etc._n etc._n the_o 35_o experiment_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o siphons_n 262_o etc._n etc._n a_o relation_n of_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o siphon_n of_o the_o author_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o try_v the_o experiment_n late_o observe_v by_o some_o frenchman_n and_o further_o improve_v by_o himself_o and_o some_o conjecture_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o exhibit_v phaenomena_n 267_o etc._n etc._n the_o 36_o experiment_n touch_v the_o weigh_v of_o a_o parcel_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n and_o some_o other_o observation_n for_o the_o explication_n thereof_o 272_o etc._n etc._n a_o accidental_a experiment_n tend_v to_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o author_n reflection_n upon_o the_o first_o experiment_n with_o a_o digressive_a observation_n note_v the_o subtle_a penetrancy_n of_o some_o spirit_n to_o exceed_v by_o far_o that_o of_o the_o air_n 275_o etc._n etc._n and_o some_o other_o experiment_n to_o show_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o pore_n or_o hole_n of_o some_o body_n into_o which_o water_n will_v ready_o insinuate_v itself_o 279_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 282._o the_o author_n return_v to_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o inquiry_n after_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n but_o first_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o tenacity_n of_o a_o thin_a bubble_n of_o glass_n set_v down_o his_o thought_n concern_v the_o strange_a exuperancy_n of_o strength_n in_o air_n agitate_a by_o heat_n above_o what_o the_o same_o have_v unagitated_a 283_o etc._n etc._n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o compare_v the_o result_n thereof_o with_o that_o of_o mersennus_n 286._o the_o opinion_n and_o experiment_n of_o divers_a author_n and_o some_o of_o his_o own_o touch_v the_o proportion_n of_o weight_n betwixt_o water_n and_o air_n be_v compare_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o author_n 288._o the_o result_n thereof_o 290._o mersennus_n his_o observation_n reconcile_v with_o that_o of_o the_o author_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gravity_n of_o water_n and_o air_n about_o london_n 291_o etc._n etc._n after_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o several_a writer_n touch_v the_o proportion_n of_o gravity_n between_o water_n and_o quick_a silver_n the_o author_n set_v down_o his_o own_o trial_n make_v several_a way_n together_o with_o his_o conclusion_n therefrom_o 293_o etc._n etc._n the_o use_n he_o make_v of_o this_o inquiry_n for_o the_o guess_v at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n 297._o what_o other_o experiment_n be_v requisite_a to_o the_o determination_n thereof_o 299_o etc._n etc._n the_o 37_o experiment_n touch_v the_o strange_a and_o odd_a phaenomenon_n of_o the_o sudden_a flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o several_a circumstance_n and_o difficulty_n of_o it_o with_o some_o attempt_n towards_o the_o render_n at_o reason_n thereof_o 301_o etc._n etc._n the_o difficulty_n of_o so_o do_v further_o show_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o various_a change_n of_o air_n which_o do_v not_o immediate_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n 315._o this_o last_o proposition_n prove_v by_o several_a observation_n 316._o the_o 38._o experiment_n touch_v the_o freeze_a of_o water_n 319._o etc._n etc._n a_o problem_n concern_v the_o great_a force_n wherewith_o a_o freeze_a liquor_n extend_v its_o self_n propose_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a admirable_a effect_n wrought_v thereby_o 320_o etc._n etc._n the_o 39_o experiment_n contain_v a_o inquisition_n after_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o substance_n that_o remain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n after_o the_o air_n be_v well_o exhaust_v the_o relation_n of_o a_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o swâ—lling_n of_o the_o glass_n with_o a_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o pliableness_n of_o glass_n in_o small_a price_n 322._o etc._n etc._n the_o 40._o experiment_n touch_v the_o difficulty_n that_o occur_v in_o make_v trial_n whether_o rarefy_v air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v fly_v infect_v 326._o &c_n &c_n the_o 41._o experiment_n exhibit_v several_a trial_n touch_v the_o respiration_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o animal_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n 328_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o digression_n contain_v some_o doubt_n touch_v respiration_n wherein_o be_v delivereâ—_n several_a experiment_n relate_v thereunto_o 335_o etc._n etc._n the_o 42._o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a operation_n of_o corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o empty_v receiver_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n 384_o the_o 43._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spontaneous_a ebullition_n of_o warm_a liquor_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n 388_o the_o conclusion_n 394_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o dungarvan_n my_o honour_a and_o dear_a nephew_n my_o dear_a lord_n receive_v in_o your_o last_o from_o paris_n a_o desire_n that_o i_o will_v add_v some_o more_o experiment_n to_o those_o i_o former_o send_v you_o over_o i_o can_v not_o be_v so_o much_o your_o servant_n as_o i_o be_o without_o look_v upon_o that_o desire_n as_o a_o command_n and_o consequent_o without_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o consider_v by_o what_o sort_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v the_o most_o acceptable_o be_v obey_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v by_o letter_n from_o some_o other_o ingenious_a person_n at_o paris_n that_o several_a of_o the_o virtuoso_n there_o be_v very_a intent_n upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o air_n in_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n
in_o the_o famous_a experiment_n touch_v a_o vacuum_n i_o think_v i_o can_v not_o comply_v with_o your_o desire_n in_o a_o more_o fit_a and_o seasonable_a manner_n then_o by_o prosecute_a and_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v that_o noble_a experiment_n of_o torricellius_n and_o by_o present_v your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o my_o attempt_n to_o illustrate_v a_o subject_n about_o which_o it_o be_v be_v so_o much_o discourse_v of_o where_o you_o be_v together_o with_o your_o inbred_a curiosity_n and_o love_n of_o experimental_a learning_n make_v i_o suppose_v you_o sufficient_o inquisitive_a and_o though_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o acquaint_v you_o on_o this_o occasion_n with_o any_o store_n of_o new_a discovery_n yet_o possible_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o assist_v you_o to_o know_v something_n which_o you_o do_v former_o but_o suppose_v and_o shall_v present_v you_o if_o not_o with_o new_a theory_n at_o least_o with_o new_a proof_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o yet_o become_v unquestionable_a and_o if_o what_o i_o shall_v deliver_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o encourage_v and_o assist_v you_o to_o prosecute_v the_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v i_o shall_v account_v myself_o in_o pay_v of_o a_o duty_n to_o you_o to_o have_v do_v a_o piece_n of_o service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n since_o it_o may_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o that_o experimental_a philosophy_n the_o effectual_a pursuit_n of_o which_o require_v as_o well_o a_o purse_n as_o a_o brain_n to_o endear_v it_o to_o hopeful_a person_n of_o your_o quality_n who_o may_v accomplish_v many_o thing_n which_o other_o can_v but_o wish_v or_o at_o most_o but_o design_n by_o be_v able_a to_o employ_v the_o present_n of_o fortune_n in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o nature_n and_o i_o be_o not_o faint_o induce_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o subject_a rather_o than_o any_o of_o the_o expect_v chemical_a one_o to_o entertain_v your_o lordship_n upon_o by_o these_o two_o consideration_n the_o one_o that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o humane_a life_n that_o not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n but_o most_o other_o creature_n that_o breath_n can_v live_v many_o minute_n without_o it_o any_o considerable_a discovery_n of_o its_o nature_n seem_v likely_a to_o prove_v of_o moment_n to_o mankind_n and_o the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v that_o whereto_o both_o our_o own_o body_n and_o most_o of_o the_o other_o we_o deal_v with_o here_o below_o be_v almost_o perpetual_o contiguous_a not_o only_o its_o alteration_n have_v a_o notable_a and_o manifest_a share_n in_o those_o obvious_a effect_n that_o man_n have_v already_o be_v invite_v to_o ascribe_v thereunto_o such_o as_o be_v the_o various_a distemper_n incident_a to_o humane_a body_n especial_o if_o crazy_a in_o the_o spring_n the_o autumn_n and_o also_o on_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o sudden_a change_n of_o wether_n but_o likewise_o that_o the_o further_a discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n will_v probable_o discover_v to_o we_o that_o it_o concur_v more_o or_o less_o to_o the_o exhibit_v of_o many_o phaenomena_n in_o which_o it_o have_v hitherto_o scarce_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v any_o interest_n so_o that_o a_o true_a account_n of_o any_o experiment_n that_o be_v new_a concern_v a_o thing_n wherewith_o we_o have_v such_o constant_a and_o necessary_a intercourse_n may_v not_o only_o prove_v of_o some_o advantage_n to_o humane_a life_n but_o gratify_v philosopher_n by_o promote_a their_o speculation_n on_o a_o subject_a which_o have_v so_o much_o oppurtunity_n to_o solicit_v their_o curiosity_n and_o i_o shall_v immediate_o proceed_v to_o the_o mention_n of_o my_o experiment_n but_o that_o i_o like_v too_o well_o that_o worthy_a say_n of_o the_o naturalist_n pliny_n benignum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o plenum_fw-la ingenui_fw-la pudoris_fw-la 1._o in_o praesat_n lib._n 1._o fateri_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la profeceris_fw-la not_o to_o conform_v to_o it_o by_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n in_o the_o first_o place_n with_o the_o hint_n i_o have_v of_o the_o engine_n i_o be_o to_o entertain_v you_o of_o you_o may_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o a_o while_n before_o our_o separation_n in_o england_n i_o tell_v you_o of_o a_o book_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o but_o not_o peruse_v publish_v by_o the_o industrious_a jesuit_n schottus_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v he_o relate_v how_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n otto_n gericke_n consul_n of_o magdeburg_n have_v late_o practise_v in_o germany_n a_o way_n of_o empty_v glass_n vessel_n by_o suck_v out_o the_o air_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n plunge_v under_o water_n and_o you_o may_v also_o perhaps_o remember_v that_o i_o express_v myself_o much_o delight_v with_o this_o experiment_n since_o thereby_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o external_a air_n either_o rush_v in_o at_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o the_o empty_v vessel_n or_o violent_o force_v up_o the_o water_n into_o it_o be_v render_v more_o obvious_a and_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o any_o experiment_n that_o i_o have_v former_o see_v and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o write_n i_o sometime_o â—hewed_v your_o lordship_n that_o i_o have_v be_v solicitous_a to_o try_v thing_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n yet_o in_o regard_n this_o gentleman_n be_v beforehand_o with_o i_o in_o produce_v such_o considerable_a effect_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o assistance_n and_o encouragement_n the_o report_n of_o his_o performance_n have_v afford_v i_o but_o as_o few_o invention_n happen_v to_o be_v at_o first_o so_o complete_a as_o not_o to_o be_v either_o blemish_v with_o some_o deficiency_n needful_a to_o be_v remedy_v or_o otherwise_o capable_a of_o improvement_n so_o when_o the_o engine_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o come_v to_o be_v more_o attentive_o consider_v there_o will_v appear_v two_o very_a considerable_a thing_n to_o be_v desire_v in_o it_o for_o first_o the_o wind-pump_n as_o some_o body_n not_o improper_o call_v it_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o to_o evacuate_v the_o vessel_n there_o be_v require_v the_o continual_a labour_n of_o two_o strong_a man_n for_o divers_a hour_n and_o next_o which_o be_v a_o imperfection_n of_o much_o great_a moment_n the_o receiver_n or_o glass_n to_o be_v empty_v consist_v of_o one_o entire_a and_o uninterrupted_a globe_n and_o neck_n of_o glass_n the_o whole_a engine_n be_v so_o make_v that_o thing_n can_v be_v convey_v into_o it_o whereon_o to_o try_v experiment_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v but_o little_a if_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v expect_v from_o it_o than_o those_o very_a few_o phaenomena_n that_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v by_o the_o author_n and_o record_v by_o schottus_n wherefore_o to_o remedy_v these_o inconvenience_n i_o put_v both_o mr._n g._n and_o r._n hook_n who_o have_v also_o 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i_o must_v desire_v your_o lordship_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o of_o whatever_o nature_n the_o air_n very_o remote_a from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v and_o whatever_o the_o school_n may_v confident_o teach_v to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o we_o have_v divers_a experiment_n to_o evince_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v not_o otherwise_o then_o comparative_o to_o more_o ponderous_a body_n light_n but_o heavy_a and_o do_v not_o their_o gravity_n hinder_v they_o it_o appear_v not_o why_o the_o steam_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n of_o which_o our_o air_n in_o great_a part_n consist_v shall_v not_o rise_v much_o high_a than_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o star_n give_v man_n ground_n to_o think_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n even_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o recent_a astronomer_n who_o seem_v willing_a to_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n as_o much_o as_o they_o dare_v do_v reach_v but_o lest_o you_o shall_v expect_v my_o second_v this_o reason_n by_o 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the_o stopple_n must_v with_o his_o hand_n support_v a_o pressure_n equal_a to_o the_o disproportion_n betwixt_o the_o force_n of_o the_o internal_a expanded_a air_n and_o that_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n incumbent_a upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o same_o key_n or_o stopple_n and_o so_o man_n be_v unused_a to_o find_v any_o resistance_n in_o lift_v thing_n up_o from_o the_o free_a air_n above_o they_o they_o be_v forward_o to_o conclude_v that_o that_o which_o depress_n their_o hand_n must_v needs_o be_v some_o weight_n though_o they_o know_v not_o where_o place_v draw_v beneath_o it_o and_o that_o we_o have_v not_o mis-assigned_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n seem_v evident_a enough_o by_o this_o that_o as_o air_n be_v suffer_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o weight_n that_o a_o man_n fancy_n his_o hand_n support_v be_v manifest_o feel_v to_o decrease_v more_o and_o more_o the_o internal_a air_n by_o this_o recruit_v approach_v 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be_v easy_o reply_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o inward_a air_n against_o the_o glass_n be_v countervail_v by_o the_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a against_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o we_o see_v in_o bubble_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o a_o exceed_a thin_a film_n of_o water_n be_v often_o able_a for_o a_o good_a while_n to_o hinder_v the_o eruption_n of_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o air._n and_o this_o may_v be_v also_o more_o conspicuous_a in_o those_o great_a spherical_a bubble_n that_o boy_n sometime_o blow_v with_o water_n to_o which_o soap_n have_v give_v a_o tenacity_n but_o that_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v remove_v the_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v thick_a glass_n than_o those_o late_o mention_v will_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o which_o we_o shall_v therefore_o now_o hasten_v have_v i_o fear_v be_v but_o too_o prolix_a in_o this_o excursion_n though_o we_o think_v it_o 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mention_v some_o recent_a observation_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n ascribe_v the_o recite_v effect_n chief_o to_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o however_o the_o corrosion_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o the_o tile_n may_v proceed_v not_o from_o the_o air_n itself_o or_o any_o of_o its_o genuine_a part_n but_o from_o some_o â—aline_a corpuscle_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n against_o the_o body_n it_o be_v presume_v to_o fret_v and_o that_o such_o volatile_a salt_n may_v copious_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o nature_n as_o do_v the_o more_o fix_a salt_n in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o sublimation_n of_o salarmoniack_a may_v sufficient_o evince_v not_o to_o mention_v that_o i_o have_v show_v some_o friend_n a_o secret_a kind_n of_o saline_a substance_n incomparable_o subtle_a than_o salarmoniack_a which_o do_v not_o only_o easy_o enough_o ascend_v itself_o but_o carry_v up_o 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into_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o that_o which_o in_o part_n distend_v the_o bladder_n will_v appear_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o be_v true_a air_n whereby_o we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o include_v substance_n expanded_a itself_o and_o the_o bladder_n to_o a_o very_a much_o great_a bulk_n than_o it_o be_v of_o before_o and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n have_v again_o take_v out_o the_o bladder_n we_o suffer_v it_o to_o remain_v tie_v up_o till_o next_o morning_n to_o try_v whether_o time_n and_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o night_n will_v make_v the_o contain_v substance_n relapse_n into_o water_n but_o the_o next_o morning_n we_o find_v it_o little_o less_o tumid_a than_o before_o i_o remember_v i_o say_v that_o i_o once_o make_v this_o experiment_n but_o i_o may_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o it_o that_o the_o chief_a reason_n of_o my_o mention_v it_o be_v to_o let_v your_o lordship_n see_v how_o requisite_a it_o be_v to_o be_v circumspect_a and_o considerate_a when_o we_o be_v to_o make_v and_o to_o build_v upon_o nice_a experiment_n for_o though_o i_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v use_v sufficient_a caution_n yet_o afterward_o consider_v with_o myself_o that_o the_o aeolipile_v i_o have_v employ_v be_v a_o very_a large_a one_o and_o that_o it_o require_v much_o more_o care_n than_o one_o that_o have_v not_o try_v it_o will_v imagine_v to_o drive_v out_o all_o the_o air_n from_o a_o large_a aeolipile_n i_o easy_o suspect_v that_o the_o distension_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o our_o pneumatical_a vessel_n may_v proceed_v not_o from_o the_o watery_a steam_n that_o come_v out_o at_o the_o narrow_a mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o have_v very_o much_o wet_v the_o bladder_n but_o from_o the_o rarefy_v air_n which_o in_o that_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v wont_v for_o a_o good_a while_n
together_o to_o come_v out_o with_o the_o rarefy_v water_n and_o according_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o very_o difficult_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o shrink_n of_o the_o bladder_n upon_o their_o be_v heat_v and_o of_o other_o impediment_n to_o make_v it_o so_o accurate_o as_o to_o deduce_v from_o it_o that_o water_n may_v be_v rarify_v into_o true_a air._n against_o the_o four_o other_o abovementioned_a consideration_n we_o can_v spend_v time_n to_o frame_v objection_n but_o must_v forth_o with_o proceed_v to_o the_o mention_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o air_n at_o least_o such_o as_o produce_v our_o bubble_n maybe_o generate_v of_o water_n and_o other_o body_n first_o then_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o vapid_a air_n or_o water_n rarify_v into_o vapour_n may_v at_o least_o for_o a_o while_o emulate_v the_o elastical_a power_n of_o that_o which_o be_v general_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v true_a air._n for_o if_o you_o take_v a_o good_a aeolipile_n with_o a_o moderate_o strong_a and_o slender_a neck_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n lay_v it_o upon_o quick_a coal_n you_o may_v after_o a_o while_o observe_v so_o great_a a_o pressure_n by_o some_o of_o the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o aeolipile_n upon_o other_o that_o the_o water_n will_v sometime_o be_v throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o if_o you_o then_o take_v the_o aeolipile_n almost_o red_a hot_a from_o off_o the_o fire_n you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o water_n will_v for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o one_o will_v easy_o imagine_v continue_v to_o be_v spout_v out_o in_o a_o violent_a stream_n and_o if_o there_o remain_v but_o little_a water_n in_o the_o aeolipile_n when_o it_o be_v take_v very_o hot_a from_o the_o fire_n immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o into_o cold_a water_n you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o it_o begin_v to_o suck_v in_o some_o water_n there_o will_v be_v make_v from_o time_n to_o time_n store_n of_o large_a bubble_n in_o that_o water_n whereinto_o the_o neck_n be_v plunge_v which_o bubble_n seem_v manifest_o to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o for_o a_o while_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o aeolipile_n continue_v strong_a enough_o to_o rarify_v part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v suck_v in_o and_o expel_v it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n through_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o pipe_n if_o also_o when_o the_o aeolipile_n be_v almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o therefore_o can_v contain_v but_o little_a air_n you_o hold_v a_o coal_n or_o brand_n in_o that_o stream_n of_o vapour_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o narrow_a mouth_n of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v this_o vapid_a or_o rorid_a air_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o to_o blow_v the_o fire_n very_o strong_o and_o with_o a_o roar_a noise_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o external_a air_n which_o the_o aqueous_a steam_n drive_v before_o they_o and_o not_o by_o the_o steam_n themselves_o that_o the_o blast_n be_v make_v and_o the_o flame_n excite_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o by_o approach_v the_o coal_n or_o brand_n almost_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o wind_n appear_v more_o vehement_a than_o if_o the_o body_n to_o be_v kindle_v be_v hold_v some_o inch_n off_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o stream_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n seem_v manifest_o due_a to_o the_o heat_n that_o expand_v and_o agitate_v the_o aqueous_a particle_n whereof_o that_o stream_n consist_v and_o that_o such_o rapid_a wind_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o water_n scatter_v into_o little_a part_n and_o set_v a_o move_n since_o we_o find_v that_o hold_v a_o knife_n or_o any_o solid_a smooth_a and_o close_a body_n against_o the_o stream_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o vapour_n condense_v upon_o it_o will_v present_o cover_v it_o with_o water_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pertinent_a to_o subjoin_v a_o notable_a experiment_n that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o description_n give_v we_o by_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o several_a musical_a engine_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o prolix_a we_o will_v recite_v what_o he_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v these_o 309._o 〈…〉_o &_o 〈◊〉_d lib._n 9_o p._n 309._o cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont_n innocentii_fw-la x_o mi_o mandato_fw-la organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cur_n a_o mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la eâ_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la sive_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la ah_o 5_o pedum_n latitudine_fw-la 3_o fear_v ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la 309._o in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la tenebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la cd_o &_o 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canali_fw-la aqua_fw-la intra_fw-la eam_fw-la derivetur_fw-la ne_fw-la locus_fw-la humiditate_fw-la sva_fw-la organis_fw-la officiat_fw-la thus_o far_o the_o ingenious_a kircherus_n who_o i_o the_o rather_o cite_v because_o although_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o divers_a ventiduct_n as_o they_o call_v they_o by_o very_o know_v traveller_n that_o have_v observe_v they_o yet_o this_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n be_v very_o punctual_a and_o deliver_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a experience_n have_v i_o confess_v make_v i_o wish_v i_o have_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o organ_n or_o that_o i_o have_v now_o the_o opportunity_n of_o examine_v of_o such_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o upon_o a_o strict_a inquiry_n i_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o breath_n that_o blow_v the_o organ_n do_v not_o real_o upon_o the_o cease_n of_o its_o unusual_a agitation_n by_o little_a and_o little_a relapse_n into_o water_n i_o shall_v strong_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o water_n to_o be_v easy_o turn_v into_o air._n i_o remember_v indeed_o that_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v that_o there_o lurk_v a_o interspersed_a air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o ordinary_a water_n which_o may_v possible_o be_v strike_v out_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o water_n in_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o aeolian_a chamber_n as_o he_o call_v it_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o scheme_n seem_v to_o represent_v that_o chamber_n as_o close_o shut_v and_o thereby_o forbid_v we_o to_o suppose_v that_o any_o air_n be_v carry_v into_o it_o but_o what_o be_v latitant_fw-la in_o the_o water_n it_o will_v scarce_o seem_v probable_a to_o he_o who_o remember_v how_o small_a a_o proportion_n of_o air_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v when_o its_o rarification_n seize_v which_o be_v conceal_v in_o the_o water_n we_o free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o receiver_n that_o so_o little_a air_n as_o be_v common_o disperse_v through_o water_n shall_v be_v able_a in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o so_o small_a a_o room_n to_o make_v so_o vehement_a a_o wind_n as_o our_o author_n here_o tell_v we_o of_o i_o have_v sometime_o therefore_o suspect_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o wind_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o forcible_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o chamber_n into_o
flexible_a plate_n of_o silver_n unto_o which_o by_o some_o stroke_n of_o a_o hammer_n you_o may_v give_v a_o spring_n and_o by_o only_a heat_n it_o read_v hot_a you_o may_v make_v it_o again_o flexible_a as_o before_o these_o my_o lord_n be_v some_o of_o the_o consideration_n at_o present_a occur_v to_o my_o thought_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v make_v probable_a that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v anew_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o propose_v objection_n against_o these_o as_o well_o as_o against_o what_o have_v be_v represent_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n yet_o have_v already_o almost_o tire_v myself_o and_o i_o fear_v more_o than_o almost_o tire_v your_o lordship_n with_o so_o troublesome_a a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o nature_n of_o bubble_n i_o shall_v willing_o leave_v your_o lordship_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o argument_n allege_v on_o either_o side_n and_o i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o entertain_v you_o so_o long_o concern_v such_o empty_a thing_n as_o the_o bubble_n which_o have_v occasion_v all_o this_o discourse_n but_o that_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o invite_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n with_o i_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o thing_n or_o the_o dimness_n of_o our_o create_a intellect_n which_o yet_o of_o late_a too_o many_o so_o far_o presume_v upon_o as_o either_o to_o deny_v or_o censure_v the_o almighty_a and_o omniscient_a creator_n himself_o and_o to_o learn_v hence_o this_o lesson_n that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o we_o disdainful_o overlook_a as_o obvious_a or_o despicable_a each_o of_o which_o will_v exercise_v our_o understanding_n if_o not_o pose_v they_o too_o if_o we_o will_v but_o attentive_o enough_o consider_v it_o and_o not_o superficial_o contemplate_v but_o attempt_v satisfactory_o to_o explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o 23._o experiment_n 23._o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o twenty_o one_o and_o twenty_o second_o experiment_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v on_o their_o occasion_n deliver_v concern_v bubble_n we_o make_v some_o further_a trial_n in_o prosecution_n of_o the_o same_o inquiry_n whereto_o they_o be_v design_v we_o choose_v then_o among_o those_o glass_n which_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v philosophical_a egg_n one_o that_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v a_o neck_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n at_o the_o top_n and_o as_o we_o guess_v almost_o a_o inch_n at_o the_o bottom_n which_o breadth_n we_o pitch_v upon_o for_o a_o reason_n that_o will_v by_o and_o by_o appear_v then_o fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a so_o that_o the_o upper_a part_n remain_v empty_a we_o shut_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o watch_v what_o will_v follow_v upon_o pump_v which_o prove_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o discover_v themselves_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o increase_a as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v away_o they_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n ascend_v copious_o enough_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o there_o quick_o break_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o glass_n allow_v they_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n they_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n to_o make_v it_o swell_v the_o water_n scarce_o ever_o rise_v at_o all_o above_o the_o mark_n affix_v to_o its_o upper_a surface_n when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o return_n permit_v to_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o consequent_o the_o shrink_n in_o of_o the_o remain_a bubble_n the_o water_n seem_v to_o have_v lose_v of_o its_o first_o extent_n by_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o former_o interspersed_a air._n be_v willing_a likewise_o to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v by_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o minute_n part_n and_o then_o reunite_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o expand_v itself_o then_o water_v not_o distil_v we_o take_v out_o of_o our_o laboratory_n some_o careful_o distil_a rain-water_n and_o put_v about_o two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o very_a small_a neck_n not_o exceed_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n which_o we_o fill_v half_a way_n to_o the_o top_n and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o issue_n be_v that_o though_o we_o draw_v out_o more_o than_o ordinary_a yet_o there_o appear_v not_o the_o least_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o any_o ascend_a bubble_n but_o suspect_v that_o either_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o vessel_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o this_o odd_a phaenomenon_n we_o take_v the_o late_o mention_v philosophical_a egg_n and_o another_o not_o much_o differ_v from_o it_o the_o former_a we_o fill_v up_o with_o distil_a rain-water_n to_o the_o old_a mark_n and_o into_o the_o latter_a we_o put_v a_o long_o cylinder_n or_o rod_n of_o solid_a glass_n to_o straighten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n by_o almost_o fill_v it_o up_o and_o then_o pour_v some_o distil_a water_n into_o that_o also_o till_o it_o reach_v within_o some_o finger_n breadth_n of_o the_o top_n the_o egg_n be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o this_o experiment_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o draw_v forth_o before_o there_o appear_v any_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n that_o the_o disparity_n betwixt_o this_o and_o common_a water_n be_v manifest_a enough_o but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o quite_o pump_v out_o the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o and_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n decrease_v but_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mention_v philosophical_a egg_n the_o bubble_n be_v very_o small_a and_o never_o able_a to_o swell_v the_o water_n that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o at_o all_o above_o the_o mark_n in_o the_o other_o who_o neck_n as_o we_o late_o say_v be_v straighten_v and_o their_o passage_n obstruct_v great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o big_a fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n rammer_n if_o we_o may_v so_o call_v it_o and_o gather_v in_o such_o number_n between_o that_o and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v about_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o mark_n though_o upon_o the_o admit_v of_o the_o external_a air_n it_o relapse_v to_o the_o former_a mark_n or_o rather_o fall_v somewhat_o below_o it_o and_o although_o thereupon_o in_o the_o first_o name_v vessel_n all_o the_o bubble_n present_o disappeared_a yet_o in_o the_o other_o we_o observe_v that_o divers_a remain_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n rammer_n and_o continue_v there_o somewhat_o to_o our_o wonder_n for_o above_o a_o hour_n after_o but_o contract_v in_o their_o dimension_n moreover_o have_v suffer_v the_o glass_n to_o remain_v above_o twenty_o four_o hour_n in_o the_o receiver_n we_o afterward_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n to_o try_v what_o change_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v produce_v in_o the_o water_n after_o the_o internal_a and_o latitant_fw-la air_n have_v as_o be_v above_o recite_v in_o great_a measure_n get_v away_o in_o bubble_n and_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o water_n will_v by_o stand_v re-admit_a any_o new_a particle_n of_o air_n in_o the_o room_n of_o those_o that_o have_v forsake_v it_o but_o though_o we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n very_o diligent_o yet_o we_o scarce_o see_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n notwithstanding_o which_o we_o perceive_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n or_o more_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o glass_n wherein_o the_o solid_a cylinder_n have_v be_v put_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o glass_n not_o sensible_o swell_v and_o last_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o straighten_v neck_n soon_o subside_v to_o the_o mark_n above_o which_o it_o have_v swell_v which_o whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o same_o small_a expansion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o or_o to_o the_o rarifaction_n of_o some_o yet_o latitant_fw-la air_n break_a into_o such_o small_a particle_n as_o to_o escape_v our_o observation_n seem_v not_o easy_o determinable_a without_o such_o further_a trial_n as_o will_v perhaps_o prove_v tedious_a to_o be_v recite_v as_o well_o as_o to_o be_v make_v though_o i_o be_v content_a to_o set_v down_o those_o already_o mention_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o requisite_a it_o be_v in_o nice_a experiment_n to_o consider_v variety_n of_o circumstance_n after_o have_v thus_o discover_v what_o operation_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n have_v upon_o water_n
24._o experiment_n 24._o we_o think_v good_a to_o try_v also_o what_o change_n will_v happen_v in_o other_o liquor_n upon_o the_o like_a take_v off_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air._n we_o take_v â—â—en_o a_o glass_n egg_n somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o turkey_n egg_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n or_o stem_n of_o about_o a_o â…“_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o salad_n oil_n until_o it_o reach_v above_o half_a way_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o enclose_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o common_a water_n in_o a_o resemble_v vessel_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o compare_v together_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o those_o two_o liquor_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o there_o begin_v to_o appear_v bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n much_o soon_o than_o in_o the_o water_n and_o afterward_o they_o also_o ascend_v much_o more_o copious_o in_o the_o former_a liquor_n than_o the_o latter_a nay_o and_o when_o by_o have_v quite_o tire_v the_o pumper_n and_o almost_o our_o own_o patience_n we_o give_v over_o the_o bubble_n rise_v almost_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o as_o great_a number_n as_o ever_o insomuch_o as_o none_o of_o the_o various_a liquor_n we_o try_v either_o before_o or_o since_o seem_v to_o abound_v more_o with_o aerial_a particle_n than_o do_v this_o oil_n in_o which_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o between_o the_o time_n it_o be_v set_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o at_o which_o we_o can_v get_v ready_a to_o pump_n it_o subside_v notable_o by_o guess_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v before_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o this_o express_a oil_n we_o make_v tryâ—â—_n of_o a_o distil_a one_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o common_a oil_n or_o spirit_n for_o in_o the_o shop_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v the_o same_o liquor_n be_v promiscuous_o call_v by_o either_o name_n of_o turpentine_n because_o it_o be_v only_o of_o that_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n which_o be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n so_o as_o to_o fill_v it_o to_o about_o two_o inch_n from_o the_o top_n do_v upon_o the_o evacuate_n of_o the_o receiver_n present_v we_o with_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n most_o of_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n expanded_a themselves_o exceed_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o make_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o neck_n to_o swell_v so_o much_o by_o degree_n that_o at_o length_n it_o divers_a time_n run_v over_o at_o the_o top_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o be_v hinder_v from_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n how_o much_o the_o subsidence_n of_o the_o oil_n below_o the_o first_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o bubble_n have_v likewise_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o as_o strong_a a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n in_o fair_a water_n as_o can_v be_v 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exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n take_v they_o out_o whole_a again_o that_o which_o invite_v we_o to_o put_v they_o in_o be_v that_o as_o perhaps_o we_o mention_v in_o other_o paper_n we_o have_v among_o other_o experiment_n of_o cold_a make_v egg_n burst_v by_o freeze_v they_o within_o door_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o ice_n into_o which_o the_o aqueous_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v turn_v by_o the_o cold_a so_o distend_v probable_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerous_a bubble_n wont_a to_o be_v observable_a in_o ice_n the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n that_o it_o usual_o crack_v the_o shell_n though_o the_o inner_a membrane_n that_o involve_v the_o several_a liquor_n of_o the_o egg_n because_o it_o will_v stretch_v and_o yield_v remain_v unbroken_a and_o hereupon_o we_o imagine_v that_o in_o our_o engine_n it_o may_v appear_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v any_o considerable_a spring_n either_o in_o any_o of_o the_o liquor_n or_o in_o any_o other_o more_o spirituous_a substance_n include_v in_o the_o egg_n we_o take_v also_o some_o spirit_n of_o urine_n careless_o enough_o deflegm_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o same_o glass_n first_o careful_o scour_v and_o cleanse_v wherein_o we_o have_v put_v the_o oyl-olive_n above_o mention_v we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n differ_v from_o a_o glass_n egg_n only_o in_o that_o its_o bottom_n be_v flat_a and_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o about_o 2_o 5_o of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v wide_a than_o that_o of_o the_o egg_n with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n egg_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o pour_v to_o it_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o inch_n high_o these_o three_o glass_n have_v mark_n set_v on_o they_o over_o against_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o beginning_n to_o be_v evacuate_v the_o bubble_n in_o all_o the_o three_o liquor_n begin_v to_o appear_v the_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n disclose_v a_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n especial_o towards_o the_o top_n but_o scarce_o afford_v we_o any_o thing_n worth_n remember_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n appear_v to_o swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n and_o beside_o that_o send_v forth_o store_n of_o bubble_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o froth_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o and_o above_o that_o spume_n there_o appear_v eight_o or_o ten_o great_a bubble_n one_o above_o another_o in_o a_o very_a decent_a order_n each_o of_o they_o constitute_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cylinder_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n high_a and_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o internal_a cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n so_o that_o all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n for_o these_o bubble_n reach_v to_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o almost_o equal_a part_n by_o certain_a diaphragme_n consist_v of_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o bubble_n who_o edge_n appear_v like_o so_o many_o ring_n suspend_v one_o above_o another_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o bubble_n even_o till_o weariness_n do_v make_v we_o give_v over_o the_o experiment_n and_o in_o these_o bubble_n two_o or_o three_o thing_n be_v remarkable_a as_o first_o that_o they_o ascend_v with_o a_o very_a notable_a celerity_n next_o that_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o top_n they_o make_v no_o stay_n there_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a thinness_n and_o spirituousness_n of_o the_o liquor_n do_v before_o they_o break_v lift_v up_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o it_o and_o for_o a_o moment_n or_o two_o form_n thereof_o a_o thin_a
film_n or_o skin_n which_o appear_v protuberant_a above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o superficies_n like_o a_o small_a hemisphere_n three_o that_o they_o ascend_v straight_o up_o whereas_o those_o produce_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n contain_v the_o mixture_n of_o the_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ascend_v with_o a_o waver_a or_o wriggle_v motion_n whereby_o they_o describe_v a_o indent_a line_n last_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o like_a in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n late_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o the_o bubble_n seem_v to_o rise_v from_o certain_a determinate_a place_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o that_o in_o their_o ascension_n they_o keep_v a_o almost_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o a_o certain_a order_n whereby_o they_o seem_v part_n of_o small_a bracelet_n consist_v of_o equal_o little_a incontiguous_a bead_n the_o low_a end_n of_o each_o bracelet_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o certain_a poâ—nt_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n be_v spare_o let_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o great_a bubble_n former_o mention_v as_o incumbent_n upon_o one_o another_o in_o that_o glass_n that_o contain_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v by_o orderly_a degree_n lessen_v till_o at_o length_n they_o whole_o subside_v notwithstanding_o the_o recess_n of_o so_o many_o bubble_n as_o break_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o experiment_n yet_o it_o scarce_o appear_v at_o all_o to_o be_v sink_v below_o the_o mark_n nor_o do_v the_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n considerable_o subside_o but_o that_o be_v nothing_o to_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o not_o only_o it_o conspicuous_o expanded_a itself_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o notwithstanding_o the_o largeness_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v about_o to_o break_v at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o almost_o assoon_o as_o they_o arrive_v there_o but_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o external_a air_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n retain_v its_o new_o acquire_v expansion_n and_o though_o we_o let_v it_o alone_o for_o near_o a_o hour_n together_o in_o expectation_n that_o it_o may_v subside_o yet_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v it_o still_o swell_v between_o a_o quarter_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n above_o the_o mark_n and_o although_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o imaginable_a how_o this_o phaenomenon_n can_v proceed_v from_o any_o mistake_n in_o try_v the_o experiment_n yet_o the_o strangeness_n of_o it_o invite_v i_o to_o repeat_v it_o with_o fresh_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o swell_v in_o the_o neck_n as_o former_o i_o leave_v all_o night_n in_o the_o receiver_n allow_v free_a access_n to_o the_o external_a air_n at_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o the_o next_o day_n find_v it_o still_o expanded_a as_o before_o save_v that_o it_o seem_v a_o little_a low_o which_o decrement_n perhaps_o proceed_v from_o the_o avolation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o fugitive_a part_n of_o so_o volatile_a a_o liquor_n and_o for_o better_a satisfaction_n have_v take_v out_o the_o glass_n and_o consider_v it_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o at_o a_o window_n i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v any_o remain_a bubble_n that_o can_v occasion_v the_o persevere_v and_o admire_v expansion_n be_v desirous_a to_o discover_v what_o difference_n there_o may_v be_v as_o to_o gravity_n and_o levity_n 25._o experiment_n 25._o between_o air_n expanded_a under_o water_n and_o itself_o before_o such_o expansion_n we_o take_v two_o very_o small_a viol_n such_o as_o chemical_a essence_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o and_o of_o the_o size_n and_o shape_n express_v by_o the_o 8_o figure_n into_o one_o of_o these_o we_o put_v so_o much_o of_o a_o certain_a ponderous_a mercurial_a mixture_n happen_v to_o be_v then_o at_o hand_n that_o the_o mouth_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o little_a soft_a wax_n the_o glass_n will_v just_o sink_v in_o water_n and_o no_o more_o this_o we_o let_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o wide-mouthed_a crystal_n jar_v fill_v with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n and_o into_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o sink_v the_o other_o essence_n glass_n unstop_v with_o as_o much_o water_n in_o it_o as_o be_v more_o than_o sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o subside_o both_o these_o sink_v with_o their_o mouth_n downward_o the_o former_a be_v about_o three_o quarter_n full_a of_o air_n the_o latter_a contain_n in_o it_o a_o bubble_n of_o air_n that_o be_v guess_v to_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o half_a a_o pea_n this_o do_v the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o way_n of_o employ_v the_o engine_n be_v careful_o make_v use_n of_o the_o success_n be_v that_o have_v draw_v out_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o air_n the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o though_o for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o swarm_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o hasty_o break_v at_o the_o top_n yet_o we_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n so_o long_o without_o see_v any_o effect_n wrought_v upon_o the_o essence_n bottle_n that_o we_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o see_v either_o of_o they_o rise_v but_o continue_v to_o ply_v the_o pump_n that_o little_a glass_n who_o mouth_n be_v open_v come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o thither_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n that_o have_v fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o side_n of_o it_o swim_v thus_o with_o the_o mouth_n downward_o we_o can_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o internal_a air_n above_o mention_v have_v much_o delate_a itself_o and_o thereby_o seem_v to_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o emerge_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o remain_v float_v notwithstanding_o the_o break_n and_o vanish_v of_o most_o of_o the_o contiguous_a bubble_n be_v hereby_o encourage_v to_o persist_v in_o pump_v we_o observe_v with_o some_o pleasure_n that_o at_o each_o time_n we_o turn_v the_o key_n the_o air_n in_o the_o little_a glass_n do_v manifest_o expand_v itself_o and_o thrust_v out_o the_o water_n general_o retain_v a_o very_a protuberant_a surface_n where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o remain_a water_n and_o when_o after_o divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o little_a viol_n so_o dilate_v itself_o as_o to_o expel_v almost_o all_o the_o water_n it_o turn_v up_o its_o mouth_n towards_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o jar_n and_o there_o deliver_v a_o large_a bubble_n and_o then_o relapse_v into_o its_o former_a float_a posture_n and_o this_o experiment_n teach_v we_o among_o other_o thing_n that_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o more_o time_n and_o labour_n than_o we_o imagine_v to_o exhaust_v our_o engine_n as_o much_o as_o it_o may_v be_v exhaust_v for_o although_o before_o the_o emerge_n of_o the_o small_a viol_n we_o do_v as_o have_v be_v touch_v already_o think_v we_o have_v very_o considerable_o empty_v the_o receiver_n because_o there_o seem_v to_o come_v out_o but_o very_o little_a or_o almost_o no_o sensible_a air_n at_o each_o exsuction_n into_o and_o out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n yet_o afterward_o at_o each_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o viol_n do_v manifest_o dilate_v itself_o so_o long_o that_o it_o do_v no_o less_o than_o nine_o time_n turn_v its_o mouth_n upward_o and_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n by_o conjecture_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pea_n after_o the_o manner_n new_o recite_v but_o as_o for_o that_o viol_n which_o have_v the_o weight_n in_o it_o it_o rise_v not_o at_o all_o so_o that_o be_v not_o able_a by_o quick_a pump_v to_o gain_v another_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n in_o the_o swim_a glass_n which_o proceed_v from_o some_o small_a leak_n in_o the_o vessel_n though_o it_o hold_v in_o this_o experiment_n more_o staunch_a than_o be_v usual_a we_o think_v fit_a to_o let_v in_o leisurely_o the_o air_n from_o without_o upon_o who_o admission_n that_o within_o the_o viol_n shrink_v into_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n the_o glass_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v fall_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o jar._n but_o be_v desirous_a before_o we_o proceed_v to_o any_o new_a experiment_n to_o try_v once_o more_o whether_o the_o little_a glass_n that_o have_v the_o weight_n in_o it_o may_v not_o also_o be_v raise_v after_o we_o have_v suffer_v the_o engine_n to_o remain_v close_v as_o it_o be_v for_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n the_o pump_n be_v again_o ply_v with_o so_o
but_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o expand_v itself_o where_o it_o find_v least_o resistance_n so_o be_v it_o unable_a to_o fill_v the_o receiver_n any_o more_o then_o until_o the_o air_n within_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o compactness_n with_o that_o without_o we_o may_v also_o from_o our_o two_o already_o often_o mention_v experiment_n further_o deduce_v that_o since_o nature_n hatred_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v but_o metaphorical_a and_o accidental_a be_v but_o a_o consequence_n or_o result_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o gravity_n and_o partly_o also_o of_o the_o fluxility_n of_o some_o other_o body_n the_o power_n she_o make_v use_v of_o to_o hinder_v a_o vacuum_n be_v not_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o also_o note_v any_o such_o boundless_a thing_n as_o man_n have_v be_v please_v to_o imagine_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n mention_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o plenist_n body_n seem_v to_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n to_o shun_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o this_o that_o in_o the_o allege_v case_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n that_o be_v either_o keep_v from_o fall_v or_o impel_v up_o be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o water_n will_v have_v subside_v though_o no_o air_n can_v have_v succeed_v for_o not_o to_o repeat_v that_o experiment_n of_o monsieur_n paschal_n former_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n exceed_v 32_o foot_n wherein_o the_o invert_v pipe_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o contain_v a_o competent_a weight_n of_o water_n that_o liquor_n free_o run_v out_o at_o the_o low_a orifice_n not_o to_o mention_v this_o i_o say_v we_o see_v in_o our_o nineteenth_o experiment_n that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v sufficient_o weaken_a the_o water_n will_v â—all_n out_o apace_o at_o the_o orifice_n even_o of_o a_o short_a pipe_n though_o the_o 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aequilibrium_fw-la the_o balance_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o suspend_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o it_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v further_o we_o must_v note_v that_o present_o after_o the_o lay_n on_o of_o the_o cover_n the_o bladder_n appear_v to_o preponderate_v whereupon_o the_o scale_n be_v take_v out_o and_o reduce_v very_o near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o a_o little_a advantage_n remain_v on_o that_o side_n to_o which_o the_o metalline_a weight_n belong_v they_o be_v again_o let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v present_o make_v fast_o with_o plaster_n and_o a_o hot_a iron_n soon_o after_o which_o before_o the_o pump_n be_v employ_v the_o bladder_n seem_v again_o a_o little_a to_o preponderate_v afterward_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o the_o bladder_n begin_v according_a to_o the_o former_o mention_v observation_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o manifest_o to_o outweigh_v the_o opposite_a 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as_o lose_v its_o aequilibrium_fw-la by_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n but_o because_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v commit_v a_o oversight_n in_o weigh_v quicksilver_n and_o water_n especial_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o be_v put_v be_v any_o thing_n wide_a in_o regard_n that_o man_n heed_v not_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n in_o vessel_n will_v be_v concave_a but_o that_o of_o quicksilver_n notable_o convex_a or_o protuberant_a to_o avoid_v this_o usual_a oversight_n i_o say_v we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n bubble_n blow_v very_o thin_a at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o heavy_a for_o the_o balance_n and_o terminate_n in_o a_o very_a slender_a neck_n wherein_o the_o concavity_n or_o convexity_n
of_o a_o liquor_n can_v not_o be_v considerable_a this_o glass_n weigh_v 23_o 1_o â—_o grain_n we_o fill_v almost_o with_o quicksilver_n and_o fasten_v a_o mark_n over_o against_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o protuberant_a superficies_n as_o near_o as_o our_o eye_n can_v judge_v we_o find_v that_o the_o quicksilver_n alone_o weigh_v 299_o â—_o 3â—_n grain_n then_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v pour_v out_o and_o the_o same_o glass_n be_v fill_v as_o full_a of_o common_a water_n we_o find_v the_o liquor_n to_o weigh_v 21_o 7_o 8_o grain_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o quicksilver_n be_v as_o one_o to_o 13_o â—9_n 2d_o though_o our_o illustrious_a verulam_n questionless_a not_o for_o want_v of_o judgement_n or_o care_n but_o of_o exact_a instrument_n make_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o those_o two_o liquor_n to_o be_v great_a than_o of_o 1_o to_o 17._o and_o to_o add_v that_o upon_o the_o by_o since_o quicksilver_n and_o well_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v how_o just_o i_o say_v not_o account_v the_o one_o the_o heavy_a and_o the_o other_o the_o light_a of_o liquor_n we_o think_v to_o fill_v in_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o with_o the_o same_o scale_n to_o observe_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v as_o of_o 1_o to_o 16_o 64â—_n â—0â—4_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o may_v be_v make_v to_o burn_v all_o away_o such_o as_o be_v we_o and_o common_a water_n be_v as_o betwixt_o 1_o and_o 1_o â—â—_o â—â—â—_o we_o may_v here_o take_v occasion_n to_o admire_v that_o though_o water_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o the_o pewter_n vessel_n seem_v not_o capable_a of_o â—ny_n considerable_a condensation_n and_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v intersperse_v in_o it_o any_o store_n of_o air_n yet_o quicksilver_n of_o no_o great_a bulk_n than_o water_n shall_v weigh_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o much_o but_o have_v only_o point_v at_o this_o as_o a_o thing_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n we_o will_v proceed_v in_o our_o inquiry_n after_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o fraction_n we_o will_v assume_v that_o quicksilver_n be_v fourteen_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o water_n since_o it_o want_v so_o little_a of_o be_v so_o wherefore_o have_v now_o give_v we_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n and_o water_n to_o quicksilver_n it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o find_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o case_n we_o will_v suppose_v the_o atmosphere_n to_o be_v uniform_o of_o such_o a_o consistence_n as_o the_o air_n we_o weigh_v here_o below_o for_o since_o our_o engine_n have_v sufficient_o manifest_v that_o it_o be_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o external_a air_n that_o in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n keep_v the_o quicksilver_n from_o subside_v and_o since_o by_o our_o accurate_a experiment_n former_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n able_a to_o balance_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n amount_v to_o near_a about_o thirty_o inch_n and_o since_o consequent_o we_o may_v assume_v the_o proportion_n of_o quicksilver_n to_o air_n to_o be_v as_o fourteen_o thousand_o to_o one_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n capable_a to_o maintain_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o height_n must_v amount_v to_o 35000_o foot_n of_o our_o english_a measure_n and_o consequent_o reckon_v five_o foot_n to_o a_o geometrical_a pace_n and_o one_o thousand_o such_o pace_n to_o a_o mile_n to_o seven_o full_a mile_n but_o this_o as_o we_o late_o intimate_v proceed_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o air_n be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o consistence_n that_o we_o find_v it_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o can_v with_o any_o safety_n be_v conclude_v not_o only_o for_o the_o 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and_o that_o the_o air_n even_o without_o be_v expanded_a by_o heat_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v rarefy_v to_o above_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o time_n the_o extent_n it_o usual_o possess_v here_o below_o how_o can_v it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v not_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v or_o at_o least_o for_o aught_o can_v be_v determine_v by_o our_o statical_a and_o mechanical_a experiment_n rise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o five_o and_o twenty_o german_a league_n if_o not_o of_o some_o hundred_o of_o common_a miles_n and_o this_o conjecture_n itself_o may_v appear_v very_o injurious_a to_o the_o height_n whereunto_o exhalation_n may_v ascend_v 38._o ricciol_n alma_n nov_n tom_n 2._o lib._n 10_o sect_n 6._o prop._n 50._o exit_fw-la magnan_n lib._n 1._o perspective_n horarie_a prop_n 38._o if_o we_o will_v allow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o mistake_n in_o that_o strange_a observation_n make_v at_o tolous_n in_o a_o clear_a night_n in_o august_n by_o the_o diligent_a mathematician_n emanuel_n magnan_n and_o thus_o record_v by_o ricciolus_n for_o i_o have_v not_o at_o hand_n the_o author_n own_o book_n vidit_fw-la say_v he_o ab_fw-la hor_o a_fw-la undecima_fw-la post_fw-la meridiem_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mediam_fw-la noctem_fw-la lunâ_fw-la infra_fw-la horizontem_fw-la posit_a â_fw-la nubeculam_fw-la quandam_fw-la lucidam_fw-la prope_fw-la meridianum_fw-la fere_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la zenith_n diffusam_fw-la quae_fw-la consideratis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la non_fw-la poterat_fw-la nisi_fw-la à _fw-la sole_a illuminari_fw-la ideoque_fw-la altior_fw-la esse_fw-la debuit_fw-la tota_fw-la umbra_fw-la terrae_fw-la addit_fw-la continue_v ricciolus_n simile_n quid_fw-la evenisse_fw-la michaeli_n angelo_n riccio_n apud_fw-la sabinos_fw-la versanti_fw-la nempe_fw-la viro_fw-la in_o mathesi_n eruditissimo_fw-la various_a observation_n make_v at_o the_o foot_n top_n and_o interjacent_a part_n of_o high_a mountain_n may_v perchance_o somewhat_o assist_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o what_o proportion_n if_o in_o any_o certain_a one_o the_o high_a air_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o low_a and_o guess_v at_o the_o dis-form_n consistence_n as_o to_o laxity_n and_o compactness_n of_o the_o air_n at_o several_a distance_n from_o we_o and_o if_o the_o difficulty_n about_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o celestial_a light_n be_v satisfactory_o determine_v that_o may_v also_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o place_v due_a limit_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n who_o dimension_n those_o observation_n about_o refraction_n seem_v hitherto_o much_o to_o contract_v but_o for_o the_o present_a we_o dare_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n peremptory_o conâ—cerning_v the_o height_n of_o it_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n content_v ourselves_o to_o have_v manifest_v the_o mistake_n of_o divers_a eminent_a modern_a writer_n who_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o atmosphere_n to_o exceed_v above_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n in_o height_n as_o the_o famous_a kepler_n will_v not_o the_o aër_fw-la refractivus_fw-la and_o to_o have_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o mention_n we_o make_v in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o scruple_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o it_o as_o if_o it_o may_v be_v many_o mile_n high_a we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o recite_v a_o phaenomenon_n 37._o experiment_n 37._o which_o though_o make_v among_o the_o first_o we_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o mention_v till_o after_o many_o other_o that_o we_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o observe_v as_o many_o circumstance_n of_o it_o as_o we_o can_v and_o so_o present_a your_o lordship_n at_o once_o most_o of_o what_o we_o at_o several_a time_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v so_o odd_a a_o phaenomenon_n our_o engine_n have_v not_o be_v long_o finish_v when_o at_o the_o first_o leisure_n we_o can_v steal_v from_o our_o occasion_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o while_o i_o be_v busy_v in_o entertain_v a_o learned_a
force_n in_o water_n expose_v to_o congelation_n may_v be_v gather_v not_o only_o from_o what_o may_v be_v often_o observe_v in_o winter_n of_o the_o burst_n of_o glass_n too_o close_o stop_v fill_v with_o water_n or_o aqueous_a liquor_n but_o by_o instance_n as_o much_o more_o considerable_a as_o less_o obvious_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o ingenious_a stone-cutter_n not_o long_o since_o complain_v to_o i_o that_o sometime_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o servant_n the_o rain_n be_v suffer_v to_o soak_v into_o marble_n stone_n the_o superven_a violent_a frost_n will_v burst_v the_o stone_n to_o the_o professor_n no_o small_a damage_n and_o i_o remember_v another_o tradesman_n in_o who_o house_n i_o have_v lodging_n be_v last_o winter_n complain_v that_o even_o implement_n make_v of_o bell-metal_n be_v careless_o expose_v to_o the_o wet_a have_v be_v break_v and_o spoil_v by_o the_o water_n which_o have_v get_v into_o the_o little_a cavity_n and_o cranny_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v there_o afterward_o freeze_a and_o expanded_a into_o ice_n and_o to_o these_o relation_n 〈…〉_o in_o lâ—b_n 4._o 〈…〉_o we_o can_v add_v one_o of_o the_o former_o mention_v cabaeus_n whereby_o they_o not_o only_o may_v be_v confirm_v but_o be_v surpass_v for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o see_v a_o huge_a vessel_n of_o exceed_v hard_a marble_n split_v asunder_o by_o congealed_a water_n who_o rarefaction_n say_v our_o author_n prove_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n yield_v to_o it_o and_o so_o a_o vessel_n be_v break_v which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o by_o 100_o yoke_n of_o ox_n draw_v it_o several_a way_n i_o know_v my_o lord_n that_o to_o solve_v this_o problem_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o congelation_n do_v not_o as_o be_v common_o but_o erroneous_o presume_v reduce_v water_n into_o less_o room_n than_o it_o possess_v before_o but_o rather_o make_v it_o take_v up_o more_o and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v by_o particular_a experiment_n that_o whether_o or_o no_o ice_n may_v be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v water_n rarefy_a for_o that_o seem_v questionable_a it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o the_o water_n do_v before_o glaciation_n but_o though_o we_o grant_v that_o freeze_a make_v water_n swell_v yet_o how_o cold_a which_o in_o weather-glass_n manifest_o condence_n the_o air_n shall_v expand_v either_o the_o water_n or_o the_o intercept_a air_n so_o forcible_o as_o to_o perform_v such_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v new_o relate_v will_v yet_o remain_v a_o problem_n 39_o experiment_n 39_o we_o take_v a_o oval_a glass_n clear_a and_o lest_o it_o shall_v break_v pretty_a strong_a with_o a_o short_a neck_n at_o the_o obtuser_n end_n through_o this_o neck_n we_o thrust_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v close_o cement_v to_o the_o new_o mention_v neck_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o which_o pipe_n be_v draw_v in_o some_o place_n more_o slender_a than_o a_o crow_n quill_n that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n in_o that_o glass_n egg_n may_v be_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a then_o there_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o glass_n five_o or_o six_o spoonful_n of_o water_n part_n of_o which_o by_o blow_v air_n into_o the_o egg_n be_v raise_v into_o the_o abovementioned_a slender_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o external_a air_n and_o that_o include_v in_o the_o egg_n this_o weatherglass_n delineate_v in_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v so_o place_v and_o close_v up_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n that_o only_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o the_o height_n of_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n pass_v through_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n remain_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air._n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a_o work_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n descend_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o this_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o reiterated_a 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cause_v the_o forementioned_a subside_v of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o probable_o it_o be_v the_o reach_a of_o the_o glass_n egg_n which_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v unable_a to_o resist_v altogether_o as_o much_o as_o former_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o by_o the_o intervension_n of_o the_o water_n press_v upon_o its_o concave_a surface_n which_o seem_v probable_a as_o well_o by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o experiment_n about_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o by_o this_o notable_a circumstance_n which_o we_o divers_a time_n observe_v that_o when_o by_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v subside_v upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o external_a air_n to_o press_v against_o the_o convex_a surface_n of_o the_o egg_n the_o water_n be_v present_o reimpelled_a to_o its_o 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secundine_n may_v live_v a_o good_a while_n without_o a_o respiration_n but_o in_o case_n after_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breath_n its_o respiration_n be_v stop_v it_o will_v present_o die_v we_o be_v far_o from_o pretend_v to_o solve_v so_o hard_a a_o problem_n but_o this_o we_o try_v in_o relation_n to_o it_o we_o take_v a_o bitch_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v almost_o ready_a to_o whelp_n and_o have_v cause_v she_o to_o be_v hang_v we_o present_o open_v her_o abdomen_fw-la and_o find_v four_o puppy_n in_o her_o womb_n one_o of_o these_o we_o take_v out_o and_o have_v free_v he_o from_o the_o tegument_n thâ—â—_n involve_v he_o and_o from_o the_o liquor_n he_o swim_v in_o we_o observe_v that_o he_o quick_o open_v his_o mouth_n very_o wide_a move_v his_o tongue_n and_o exercise_v respiration_n then_o we_o open_v both_o his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o his_o chest_n and_o cut_v asunder_o the_o diaphragme_n notwithstanding_o which_o he_o seem_v often_o to_o endeavour_v respire_v and_o move_v in_o a_o notable_a manner_n both_o the_o intercostal_n muscle_n part_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n the_o mouth_n and_o the_o tongue_n but_o that_o which_o we_o mention_v this_o puppy_n for_o be_v this_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o the_o other_o young_a one_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o breathe_v at_o all_o will_v long_o survive_v this_o or_o no_o we_o take_v they_o also_o out_o of_o the_o womb_n and_o have_v open_v they_o find_v none_o of_o they_o so_o much_o alive_a as_o to_o have_v any_o perceptible_a motion_n in_o his_o heart_n whereas_o the_o heart_n of_o that_o puppy_n which_o have_v once_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o respiration_n continue_v beat_v so_o long_o that_o we_o ourselves_o observe_v the_o auricle_n to_o beat_v after_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n and_o a_o servant_n that_o stay_v up_o and_o watch_v it_o after_o we_o be_v go_v to_o bed_n affirm_v that_o he_o see_v the_o pulsation_n continue_v about_o two_o hour_n long_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o other_o to_o make_v reflection_n upon_o this_o observation_n compare_v with_o dr._n harvey_n problem_n it_o be_v much_o doubt_v whether_o fish_n breath_n under_o water_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o we_o as_o yet_o to_o determine_v the_o question_n either_o way_n because_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v little_a fish_n alive_a to_o make_v experiment_n upon_o that_o such_o as_o be_v not_o setaceous_a for_o such_o manifest_o breath_n have_v not_o respiration_n proper_o so_o call_v such_o as_o be_v exercise_v by_o four_o footed_a beast_n and_o bird_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o their_o have_v but_o one_o cavity_n in_o their_o heart_n &_o from_o their_o want_n of_o lung_n whence_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v mute_a unless_o we_o say_v what_o be_v not_o altogether_o absurd_a that_o their_o gills_o seem_v somewhat_o analogous_a as_o to_o their_o use_n to_o lung_n but_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o live_v even_o of_o fish_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o have_v some_o obscure_a kind_n of_o respiration_n seem_v manifest_a by_o two_o or_o three_o observation_n and_o experiment_n mention_v by_o divers_a author_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o fish_n soon_o die_v in_o pond_n and_o glass_n quite_o fill_v with_o water_n if_o the_o one_o be_v so_o freeze_v over_o and_o the_o other_o so_o close_o stop_v that_o the_o fish_n can_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o air_n if_o we_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v true_a but_o because_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v deliver_v by_o writer_n upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n as_o i_o shall_v not_o reject_v they_o so_o i_o dare_v not_o build_v upon_o they_o till_o i_o have_v opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o by_o experience_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o will_v add_v that_o our_o engine_n have_v teach_v we_o two_o thing_n that_o may_v illustrate_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n the_o one_o that_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o lurk_v in_o water_n many_o little_a parcel_n of_o interspersed_a air_n whereof_o it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a that_o fish_n may_v make_v some_o use_n either_o by_o separate_v it_o when_o they_o strain_v the_o water_n through_o their_o gills_o or_o by_o some_o other_o way_n the_o other_o what_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o large_a eel_n be_v able_a to_o procure_v no_o other_o fish_n alive_a and_o remove_v it_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v we_o into_o our_o great_a receiver_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o eel_n after_o some_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o glass_n seem_v somewhat_o discomposed_a and_o that_o when_o we_o have_v prosecute_v the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n somewhat_o obstinate_o she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n as_o die_a fish_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o from_o thenceforward_a lay_n altogether_o moveless_a just_a as_o if_o she_o be_v stark_o dead_a and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o think_v she_o so_o yet_o the_o continue_v in_o that_o posture_n even_o after_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v take_v off_o whereby_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o i_o shoulâ—_n have_v be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o by_o stander_n if_o the_o diffidence_n i_o be_o wont_a to_o exercise_v in_o try_v experiment_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v not_o usual_a have_v not_o invite_v i_o to_o take_v the_o fish_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n upon_o which_o she_o show_v herself_o by_o her_o vivid_n motion_n as_o much_o alive_a as_o before_o but_o that_o be_v most_o strange_a which_o we_o observe_v of_o a_o great_a gâ—ay_o house_n snail_n as_o they_o call_v it_o which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n do_v not_o only_o not_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o drawing-out_a of_o the_o air_n for_o that_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherewith_o sâ—â—il_n use_v to_o stick_v themselves_o even_o to_o the_o smooth_a body_n but_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o deprive_v of_o progressive_a motion_n by_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o air_n though_o except_o this_o snail_n we_o never_o put_v any_o live_a creature_n into_o our_o receiver_n who_o it_o do_v not_o either_o kill_v or_o at_o least_o reduce_v to_o seem_v ready_a to_o die_v but_o as_o we_o shall_v not_o here_o examine_v what_o interest_n the_o glutinous_a and_o uneasy_o dissipable_a nature_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o snail_n may_v have_v on_o this_o event_n so_o whether_o this_o escape_n of_o our_o eel_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o particular_a and_o vivacious_a nature_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o fish_n or_o to_o this_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o indeed_o necessary_a to_o the_o life_n of_o fish_n or_o final_o to_o this_o that_o though_o these_o animal_n need_v some_o air_n yet_o they_o need_v so_o little_a that_o that_o which_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n may_v at_o least_o for_o a_o while_n suffice_v they_o we_o will_v not_o now_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v that_o paradox_n of_o hypocrates_n which_o some_o learned_a physician_n have_v of_o late_o revive_v namely_o that_o the_o foetus_fw-la respire_v in_o the_o womb_n for_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v very_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o air_n shall_v traverse_v the_o body_n of_o the_o mother_n and_o the_o tegument_n of_o the_o child_n and_o since_o nature_n have_v in_o newborn_a babe_n contrive_v peculiar_a and_o temporary_a vessel_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v circulate_v through_o other_o passage_n than_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o the_o same_o individual_n when_o they_o come_v to_o have_v the_o free_a use_n of_o their_o lung_n it_o seem_v unlikely_a thâ—t_a infant_n in_o the_o womb_n do_v proper_o respire_v but_o then_o since_o our_o experiment_n have_v manifest_v that_o almost_o all_o kind_n of_o liquor_n do_v as_o well_o as_o water_n abound_v with_o interspersed_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n it_o seem_v not_o altogether_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o when_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v grow_v big_a he_o may_v especial_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o involving_a amnio_n be_v destitute_a of_o liquor_n and_o fill_v only_o with_o a_o halituous_a substance_n exercise_v some_o obscure_a respiration_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o as_o many_o wise_a man_n think_v it_o a_o fable_n that_o child_n have_v be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o mother_n womb._n for_o though_o it_o happen_v exceed_v rare_o yet_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o i_o know_v a_o young_a lady_n who_o friend_n when_o she_o be_v some_o year_n since_o with_o child_n complain_v to_o i_o that_o she_o be_v several_a time_n much_o fright_v with_o the_o cry_v of_o her_o infant_n
themselves_o such_o than_o it_o be_v whilst_o the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n continue_v unremoved_a it_o may_v indeed_o be_v suspect_v that_o those_o vast_a &_o numerous_a bubble_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o coral_n but_o from_o the_o sudden_a emersion_n of_o those_o many_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o as_o we_o former_o observe_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v disperse_v in_o liquor_n without_o exclude_v spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o have_v have_v this_o suspicion_n before_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n we_o convey_v our_o distil_a vinager_n alone_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o keep_v it_o awhile_o there_o to_o free_v it_o from_o its_o bubble_n which_o be_v but_o very_o small_a before_o ever_o we_o put_v the_o coral_n into_o it_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v likewise_o that_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o liquor_n necessary_a follow_v upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o pump_v may_v occasion_v the_o recite_v ebullition_n but_o upon_o trial_n make_v there_o appear_v not_o any_o notable_a change_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o its_o operation_n though_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v shake_v provide_v no_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o it_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v another_o time_n try_v in_o another_o small_a receiver_n with_o coral_n gross_o powder_v and_o the_o success_n be_v very_o much_o alike_o scarce_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o coral_n be_v reduce_v to_o small_a part_n upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n so_o many_o little_a lump_n of_o coral_n will_v be_v carry_v &_o buoy_z up_o by_o the_o emerge_a bubble_n as_o sometime_o to_o darken_v the_o viol_n though_o the_o same_o coralline_a corpuscle_n will_v be_v let_v fall_n again_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air._n something_o also_o we_o try_v in_o our_o great_a receiver_n concern_v the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o other_o corrosive_a liquor_n but_o partly_o the_o stink_n and_o partly_o some_o accident_n keep_v we_o from_o observe_v any_o thing_n peculiar_a &_o remarkable_a about_o those_o solution_n one_o thing_n we_o must_v not_o omit_v that_o when_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinager_n be_v boil_v upon_o the_o coral_n we_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o take_v out_o the_o viol_n but_o can_v not_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o so_o very_o late_a a_o ebullition_n the_o liquor_n have_v any_o heat_n great_a enough_o to_o be_v at_o all_o sensible_a to_o our_o hand_n 43._o experiment_n 43._o we_o will_v now_o subjoin_v a_o experiment_n which_o if_o the_o former_a do_v not_o lessen_v the_o wonder_n of_o it_o will_v probable_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o your_o lordship_n as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o first_o spectator_n of_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v this_o we_o cause_v water_n to_o be_v boil_v a_o pretty_a while_n that_o by_o the_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v free_v from_o the_o latitant_fw-la air_n so_o often_o already_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o common_a water_n then_o almost_o fill_v with_o it_o a_o glass_n viol._n capable_a of_o contain_v near_o four_o ounce_n of_o that_o liquor_n we_o convey_v it_o while_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o hot_a into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n big_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o cover_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o upon_o the_o two_o first_o exsuction_n there_o scarce_o appear_v any_o change_n in_o the_o liquor_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o notable_a alteration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o but_o at_o the_o four_o and_o afterward_o the_o water_n appear_v to_o boil_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o if_o it_o have_v stand_v over_o a_o very_a quick_a fire_n for_o the_o bubble_n be_v much_o great_a than_o be_v usual_o find_v upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o very_a much_o more_o water_n than_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o viol._n and_o this_o effervescence_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o liquor_n boil_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o it_o run_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o sometime_o continue_v though_o more_o languid_o boil_v there_o prosecute_a this_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o first_o ebullition_n we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n before_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v again_o but_o at_o other_o time_n as_o often_o as_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o effervescence_n will_v begin_v afresh_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v for_o a_o pretty_a while_n together_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n either_o the_o fiery_a corpuscle_n or_o rather_o the_o vapour_n agitate_a by_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o water_n which_o last_o what_o we_o 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in_o the_o viol_n can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v any_o more_o the_o selfsame_a water_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o viol_n warm_v again_o and_o reconvey_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a glass_n be_v quick_o bring_v to_o boil_v afresh_o and_o that_o vehement_o and_o long_o enough_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o a_o new_a parcel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o the_o boil_a water_n with_o the_o former_a and_o put_v in_o cold_a can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o least_o show_n of_o effervescence_n beside_o have_v try_v this_o experiment_n in_o hot_a salad_n oil_n be_v a_o much_o more_o tenacious_a liquor_n and_o require_v a_o strong_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o boil_v can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o effervescence_n in_o our_o reciver_n whereas_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v thin_a and_o more_o volatile_a be_v present_o make_v to_o boil_v up_o till_o it_o reach_v four_o or_o five_o time_n its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o viol_n in_o 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requisite_a for_o the_o rehearse_n of_o a_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la now_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v more_o than_o once_o and_o find_v to_o succeed_v as_o to_o the_o main_a seem_v much_o to_o countenance_v the_o conjecture_n we_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o letter_n where_o we_o tell_v your_o lordship_n that_o perhaps_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o more_o phaenomena_n then_o man_n have_v hitherto_o think_v for_o as_o we_o have_v not_o then_o make_v this_o experiment_n so_o now_o we_o have_v make_v it_o it_o seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o air_n by_o its_o strong_a or_o weak_a pressure_n may_v very_o much_o modify_v as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v divers_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o that_o vehement_a and_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n