the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n or_o probability_n other_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v dream_v that_o there_o be_v more_o water_n than_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o the_o water_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a mass_n occupy_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n turn_v the_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n make_v it_o to_o swim_v as_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v refute_v in_o our_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n all_o these_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v uncover_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n but_o overflow_v with_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n at_o this_o day_n have_v sufficient_o disannul_v other_o again_o affirm_v out_o of_o a_o peripatetical_a dream_n that_o the_o water_n be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n to_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n they_o produce_v a_o experiment_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v any_o thing_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n there_o will_v appear_v water_n whence_o they_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o receive_v into_o it's_o concavity_n but_o howsoever_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v many_o and_o vast_a concavity_n in_o the_o earth_n capable_a of_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o reason_n although_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v water_n it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o water_n then_o that_o in_o the_o earth_n shall_v arise_v above_o the_o earth_n because_o according_a to_o their_o own_o supposition_n 9_o part_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v aristotle_n word_n be_v well_o wrest_v to_o this_o interpretation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o understand_v this_o tenfold_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o space_n which_o they_o replenish_v measure_v by_o their_o circle_n and_o diameter_n but_o of_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o their_o transmutation_n as_o that_o one_o measure_n of_o earth_n turn_v into_o water_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o as_o 10._o all_o these_o opinion_n seem_v so_o absurd_a it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o the_o water_n be_v condensated_a and_o thicken_v which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n create_v thin_a whence_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o shall_v occupy_v a_o less_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n leave_v the_o dry-land_n in_o many_o place_n habitable_a or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n make_v certain_a hollow_a concavity_n and_o channel_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o plain_a and_o uniform_a into_o which_o the_o water_n be_v receive_v and_o bound_v in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v not_o flow_v abroad_o this_o seem_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o search_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o too_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o his_o secret_n who_o power_n and_o omnipotence_n transcend_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o this_o division_n of_o a_o place_n into_o water_n and_o land_n we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o accident_n belong_v thereunto_o not_o that_o the_o water_n be_v worthy_a or_o great_a than_o the_o earth_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o have_v prove_v heretofore_o but_o because_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o be_v more_o simple_a as_o that_o wherein_o few_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v then_o in_o the_o land_n for_o rivers_n and_o lake_n although_o consist_v of_o this_o watery_a element_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o handle_v apart_o as_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o the_o land_n 4_o in_o the_o sea_n be_v consider_v two_o thing_n 1_o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o division_n the_o accident_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v either_o internal_a or_o eâ—ternall_n 5_o the_o internal_a be_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o sea_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relative_n 6_o the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n with_o the_o land_n such_o be_v either_o figure_n quality_n or_o motion_n 7_o the_o figure_n be_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o observe_v this_o theorem_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n that_o the_o whole_a water_n according_a to_o its_o outward_a superficies_n iâ—_n spherical_a and_o round_a be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o the_o first_o book_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v admit_v of_o a_o conicall_a figure_n for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o vast_a spheracity_n of_o the_o water_n no_o more_o then_o little_a hill_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o which_o point_n i_o will_v first_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o my_o conjecture_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o afterward_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o demonstration_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o mathematical_a philosophy_n endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o more_o manifest_a first_o therefore_o by_o a_o conicall_a line_n we_o understand_v a_o crooked_a line_n which_o differ_v from_o a_o periphery_a or_o circle_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o keep_v not_o always_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n but_o be_v high_a in_o the_o midst_n then_o on_o either_o side_n now_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n stand_v still_o be_v in_o their_o high_a superficies_n exact_o spherical_a they_o shall_v by_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v concentricall_a or_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o that_o it_o have_v not_o the_o same_o centre_n will_v appear_v by_o little_a drop_n of_o water_n fall_v on_o the_o ground_n which_o incline_v as_o we_o see_v to_o a_o round_a figure_n yet_o be_v it_o more_o than_o ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o this_o round_a convexity_n of_o a_o drop_n can_v be_v concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n since_o in_o so_o great_a a_o mass_n it_o be_v hardly_o sensible_a but_o here_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n be_v ready_a to_o answer_v that_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o water_n drop_n in_o a_o round_a figure_n be_v rather_o violent_a then_o natural_a because_o the_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n moist_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v and_o avoid_v the_o touch_n or_o drought_n or_o any_o dry_a thing_n and_o because_o the_o water_n thus_o avoid_v the_o drought_n can_v of_o necessity_n but_o some_o way_n touch_v it_o it_o be_v imagine_v to_o conform_v itself_o to_o that_o figure_n whereit_v it_o may_v least_o of_o all_o touch_n this_o be_v the_o round_a or_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o any_o body_n contain_v can_v touch_v a_o plain_a otherwise_o then_o in_o one_o only_a point_n but_o against_o this_o conjecture_n of_o moisture_n fly_v drought_n strong_a enough_o be_v the_o experiment_n of_o scaliger_n in_o his_o 105_o exercitation_n that_o quicksilver_n a_o moist_a substance_n be_v cast_v either_o into_o water_n or_o iron-oare_n will_v gather_v itself_o to_o a_o round_a body_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o quicksilver_n natural_o neither_o avoid_v the_o touch_n of_o water_n or_o iron_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o be_v very_a mâ—â—st_n the_o other_o of_o great_a affinity_n as_o our_o chimick_n teach_v with_o quicksilver_n the_o parent_n of_o all_o metal_n moreover_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o conformity_n to_o roundness_n be_v in_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o air_n yet_o will_v not_o our_o
of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v to_o the_o superficies_n the_o earth_n uncover_v which_o shall_v be_v high_o in_o place_n of_o which_o shall_v be_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v high_a or_o low_o some_o have_v be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a which_o opinion_n be_v defend_v by_o tully_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la deorum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v place_v above_o the_o earth_n yet_o cover_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v congregat_v and_o collect_v neither_o redound_v nor_o flow_v abroad_o which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o be_v second_v by_o diverse_a learned_a divine_n who_o reduce_v most_o thing_n to_o the_o supernatural_a and_o first_o cause_n diverse_a time_n neglect_v and_o over-slipt_v the_o second_o hence_o saint_n basil_n in_o his_o 4_o homily_n on_o the_o hexameron_n lest_o the_o water_n say_v he_o shall_v overflow_v and_o sâ—red_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o place_n it_o have_v occupy_v it_o be_v command_v to_o gather_v itself_o together_o otherwise_o what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o overflow_v all_o egypt_n be_v low_a than_o it_o â—elfe_n unless_o it_o be_v manacle_v with_o the_o creators_n power_n as_o it_o be_v with_o setter_n to_o which_o also_o afterward_o seem_v to_o subscribe_v aquinâ—â—_n dionysius_n and_o catharinus_n with_o diverse_a other_o divine_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v make_v not_o by_o any_o mutation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o a_o violent_a accumulation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v restrain_v and_o bridle_v supernatural_o that_o they_o can_v not_o transcend_v certain_a limit_n and_o bound_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n some_o reason_n be_v allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n first_o because_o it_o be_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o element_n among_o themselves_o that_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o heavy_a shall_v take_v the_o low_a place_n and_o the_o water_n shall_v ascend_v above_o second_o because_o mariner_n come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o the_o land_n seem_v to_o see_v the_o land_n far_o low_o than_o the_o water_n three_o they_o allege_v thaâ—_n place_n of_o ilb_n wheâ—e_v god_n himself_o profess_v that_o he_o have_v bound_v the_o waterâ—_n in_o these_o word_n hitherto_o shalâ—_n thou_o come_v and_o no_o far_o &_o here_o shall_v thy_o proud_a wave_n be_v stay_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n since_o wehee_v the_o creator_n in_o other_o maâ—ters_n to_o use_v nature_n as_o his_o ordinary_a servant_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o regiment_n of_o thing_n by_o â—econd_a cause_n neither_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o these_o divine_n so_o great_a in_o thâ—se_a cosmographical_a conceit_n to_o oversway_v these_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n who_o can_v more_o exact_o judge_v of_o these_o matter_n neither_o be_v these_o reason_n of_o so_o greaâ—_n validity_n as_o to_o enforce_v assent_n for_o first_o whereas_o st_n basill_n seem_v to_o wonder_v why_o the_o red_a sea_n shall_v not_o overâ—lowe_v all_o egypt_n if_o it_o be_v not_o supernatural_o bound_v he_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o be_v the_o question_n in_o controversy_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a for_o which_o he_o can_v produce_v no_o other_o reason_n thâ—n_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a forasmuch_o as_o in_o such_o matter_n the_o sense_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v as_o stand_v well_o with_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o perspective_n for_o as_o wear_v there_o teach_v two_o parallel_n will_v in_o the_o end_n seem_v to_o concur_v so_o far_o as_o the_o sight_n can_v judge_v now_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o spherical_a segment_n of_o the_o water_n be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o will_v necessary_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o end_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n must_v seem_v â—o_o lift_v itself_o high_a â—nd_v contrariwise_o the_o heaven_n will_v seem_v somewhat_o low_a than_o indeed_o they_o be_v and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o may_v appear_v raise_v above_o the_o land_n whereon_o we_o stand_v another_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o perpetual_a refraction_n of_o the_o usual_a line_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o air_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o intermix_v with_o thick_a waterish_a vapour_n rise_v up_o the_o seâ—_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v present_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_fw-la by_o a_o refracted_a sight_n whence_o consequent_o it_o must_v seem_v great_a &_o high_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v for_o as_o the_o optic_n teach_v all_o thing_n seem_v great_a &_o high_a in_o a_o thick_a medium_fw-la to_o the_o other_o three_o reason_n bring_v to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o which_o will_v out_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n enforce_v that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a â—hen_o the_o earth_n i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o if_o we_o entire_o consider_v these_o element_n amongst_o themselves_o we_o must_v give_v the_o height_n to_o the_o water_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v â—rowned_v for_o that_o above_o beaâ—es_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n uncover_v but_o here_o we_o compare_v not_o the_o 2_o element_n entire_o betwixt_o themselves_o but_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n uncover_v habitable_a which_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n second_o where_o they_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sight_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o can_v warrant_v no_o such_o experience_n have_v never_o lance_v far_o into_o the_o deep_a yet_o if_o any_o such_o experiment_n be_v avouch_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v answer_v out_o of_o opticall_a principle_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n towards_o the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n of_o the_o water_n interpose_v between_o our_o sight_n and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o land_n those_o land_n parcel_n must_v needs_o seem_v less_o as_o have_v some_o part_n shadow_v from_o our_o fight_n whence_o it_o must_v consequent_o appear_v lower_v as_o couch_v almost_o under_o water_n from_o the_o 3_o reason_n ground_v on_o scripture_n whereon_o our_o divine_n seem_v most_o to_o depend_v nothing_o else_o be_v conclude_v but_o that_o almighty_a god_n have_v set_v certain_a bound_n &_o limit_n which_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o pass_v these_o bound_n &_o limit_n i_o take_v not_o to_o be_v supernatural_a as_o if_o the_o water_n restrain_v by_o such_o a_o power_n shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o circuit_n but_o natural_a as_o cliff_n &_o â—ils_n within_o which_o the_o water_n seem_v intrence_v this_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v dislike_v other_o have_v labour_v to_o defend_v a_o opposite_a position_n that_o the_o water_n be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n altogether_o which_o opinion_n bear_v more_o constancy_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o arist._n &_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o reason_n whereon_o this_o assertion_n be_v ground_v be_v chief_o these_o 1_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o water_n of_o it_o from_o flow_v abroad_o &_o overwhelm_v the_o earth_n since_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n dispose_v to_o move_v downward_o to_o the_o low_a place_n if_o they_o have_v recourse_n to_o supernatural_a â—ounds_n beside_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o interpretationâ—_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n we_o unswere_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n shall_v impose_v such_o a_o perpetual_a violence_n second_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o universals_n deluge_n wherein_o all_o the_o world_n be_v drown_v god_n break_v open_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a &_o open_v the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o pour_v down_o rain_v continual_o many_o day_n together_o upon_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o there_o have_v be_v no_o necessity_n at_o all_o have_v the_o sea_n be_v heaâ—ed_v up_o in_o such_o
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
as_o often_o it_o do_v to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n for_o have_v water_n near_o it_o it_o may_v soon_o be_v quench_v whereas_o many_o little_a spring_n can_v afford_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v suffice_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n last_o among_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v forget_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o fair_a river_n which_o be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o a_o city_n and_o delight_n to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 8_o thus_o much_o for_o river_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o perpetual_a water_n nourish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n and_o have_v of_o itself_o no_o passage_n forth_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o lake_n we_o have_v comprise_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a water_n second_o that_o it_o be_v continual_o feed_v &_o cherish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n three_o that_o it_o find_v no_o passage_n forth_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o two_o first_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o great_a pond_n or_o stand_a pool_n call_v in_o latin_a stagnum_n for_o asmuch_o as_o a_o stand_a pool_n be_v common_o â—ed_v with_o rain_n water_n and_o have_v no_o spring_n from_o the_o earth_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v long_o nourish_v be_v often_o time_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n exhaust_v it_o out_o by_o vapour_n either_o extraordinary_o diminish_v or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o whereas_o in_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n of_o fresh_a spring_n the_o water_n be_v perpetual_a and_o remain_v sweet_a and_o wholesome_a except_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n it_o change_v its_o disposition_n for_o the_o latter_a clause_n that_o a_o lake_n find_v no_o passage_n forth_o it_o may_v be_v two_o way_n understand_v either_o of_o a_o visible_a or_o apparent_a passage_n outward_o through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o secret_a and_o subterranean_a passage_n under_o ground_n the_o former_a may_v again_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o passage_n forth_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o mediate_o by_o some_o river_n whereas_o we_o have_v say_v that_o it_o find_v no_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v to_o understand_v it_o that_o immediate_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v a_o continuate_a part_n conjoin_v with_o the_o sea_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o some_o river_n run_v out_o of_o it_o as_o some_o will_v have_v the_o great_a river_n tanais_n not_o to_o have_v his_o head_n or_o fountain_n in_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v teach_v but_o in_o a_o certain_a lake_n not_o faâ—re_v from_o the_o city_n tulla_n so_o volga_n &_o edill_n draw_v their_o original_n from_o a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o moscow_n with_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o subterranean_a intercourse_n betwixt_o lake_n and_o the_o sea_n we_o will_v show_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o most_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o point_n there_o want_v not_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o most_o lake_n which_o be_v find_v without_o any_o great_a sensible_a difference_n to_o remain_v the_o same_o without_o any_o diminution_n or_o increase_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n bind_v in_o with_o these_o limit_n shall_v have_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o way_n it_o shall_v increase_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o overwhelm_v the_o bank_n to_o give_v a_o few_o instance_n we_o find_v that_o diverse_a very_o vast_a river_n exhaust_v themselves_o into_o the_o caspian_a lake_n as_o volga_n and_o edill_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o notable_a river_n be_v at_o last_v themselves_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o say_a lake_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o lake_n of_o palestine_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n be_v know_v to_o receive_v into_o it_o beside_o diverse_a lesser_a river_n the_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n jordan_n here_o will_v i_o demand_v whether_o these_o great_a river_n perpetual_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o lake_n give_v a_o increase_n to_o the_o former_a quantity_n or_o not_o if_o they_o shall_v augment_v the_o water_n they_o will_v by_o consequence_n alter_v the_o bound_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n suffer_v no_o increase_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v then_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v some_o other_o way_n be_v diminish_v as_o it_o be_v here_o increase_v this_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o by_o vapour_n or_o by_o some_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n drink_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o or_o last_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n into_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o former_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o much_o water_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o that_o these_o vapour_n countervail_v the_o water_n perpetual_o bring_v in_o be_v in_o my_o conceit_n very_o improbable_a for_o against_o this_o quantity_n of_o water_n extract_v out_o this_o way_n of_o evaporation_n i_o will_v oppose_v these_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v persuade_v a_o reasonable_a man_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v in_o shall_v far_o surpass_v the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o it_o first_o that_o the_o vapour_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o day_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v lift_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o such_o a_o height_n that_o his_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o strengthen_v whereas_o all_o these_o watery_a current_n never_o intermit_a their_o usual_a course_n never_o cease_v to_o run_v by_o day_n or_o night_n wherein_o be_v see_v a_o double_a advantage_n of_o the_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o watery_a exhalation_n second_o of_o these_o watery_a vapour_n so_o draw_v out_o a_o great_a part_n must_v at_o diverse_a time_n return_v back_o or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o otherwise_o by_o rainy_a shower_n drop_v down_o into_o this_o lake_n three_o these_o watery_a part_n thus_o rarify_v and_o attenuate_v in_o vapour_n shall_v put_v this_o supposition_n in_o equality_n diffuse_v themselves_o abroad_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a manner_n that_o all_o the_o region_n round_o about_o shall_v in_o all_o likelihood_n suffer_v a_o great_a inconueniency_n of_o foggy_a exhalation_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v into_o empty_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o passage_n into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o great_a river_n disburthen_v itself_o thereunto_o for_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o these_o cavern_n be_v ever_o fill_v with_o water_n or_o not_o if_o they_o have_v be_v fill_v how_o can_v they_o receive_v more_o water_n since_o the_o fill_n of_o any_o place_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v first_o empty_a that_o they_o be_v never_o yet_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v far_o more_o unreasonable_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v any_o caverne_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o vast_a with_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n perpetual_o run_v in_o almost_o six_o thousand_o year_n shall_v not_o replenish_v especial_o consider_v the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper_a face_n to_o be_v every_o where_o spread_v with_o water_n round_o which_o may_v also_o help_v to_o this_o purpose_n wherefore_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o every_o such_o great_a lake_n have_v some_o vent_n or_o passage_n unto_o the_o sea_n either_o by_o some_o secret_a &_o subterranean_a channel_n or_o at_o least_o by_o some_o great_a river_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o ocean_n another_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o current_n of_o some_o sea_n which_o be_v by_o good_a reason_n ascribe_v to_o this_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o skilful_a navigatour_n that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o very_a stiff_a course_n from_o propontis_n and_o the_o black_a sea_n into_o the_o aegaean_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o original_n of_o which_o current_a mâ—y_n with_o good_a conjecture_n be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o caspian_a which_o by_o some_o secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n disburthen_v itself_o into_o the_o black_a sea_n cause_v it_o to_o enforce_v his_o own_o water_n far_o of_o for_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o other_o three_o that_o these_o subterranean_a passage_n be_v not_o unlikely_a may_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o river_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o some_o whole_o some_o for_o â—ome_v place_n only_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o also_o it_o may_v seem_v likely_a by_o the_o water_n spread_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o through_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o find_v a_o passage_n from_o the_o sea_n bear_v as_o
meaning_n be_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o handle_v the_o nature_n and_o propiety_n of_o these_o two_o element_n water_n &_o earth_n far_o than_o may_v seem_v necessary_a for_o the_o geographical_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o few_o man_n undertake_v the_o study_n of_o this_o science_n without_o some_o insight_n in_o the_o other_o and_o to_o speak_v truth_n this_o begin_v where_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n end_v yet_o because_o some_o light_n in_o each_o learning_n be_v necessary_o require_v â—nd_v all_o man_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o seek_v far_o into_o the_o ground_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n far_o off_o that_o the_o build_n thereon_o erect_v may_v stand_v sure_a and_o strong_a wherefore_o take_v some_o beginning_n from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n we_o have_v distinguish_v it_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n as_o those_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v not_o essential_o compound_v as_o one_o entire_a body_n in_o itself_o but_o rather_o coâ—ceruated_v and_o compact_v together_o each_o part_n retain_v its_o own_o nature_n and_o propriety_n without_o any_o proper_a mixture_n to_o express_v more_o full_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o sphere_n we_o be_v here_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v that_o universal_a chaos_n or_o mass_n out_o of_o which_o all_o body_n both_o celestial_a and_o elementary_a be_v make_v and_o form_v as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la as_o some_o have_v imagine_v i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o dispute_v the_o second_o matter_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v either_o proper_a or_o accidental_a the_o proper_a we_o call_v that_o whereof_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o proper_o consist_v such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o accidental_a matter_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o body_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n as_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n and_o such_o like_a material_n make_v of_o a_o terrestrial_a substance_n and_o engender_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o we_o make_v the_o most_o proper_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n the_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o sundry_a reason_n draw_v from_o nature_n and_o experience_n whereof_o the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v seldom_o find_v to_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o mile_n and_o in_o few_o place_n 10_o furlong_n which_o make_v a_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o albeit_o some_o late_a writer_n have_v imagine_v the_o observation_n to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o straight_a and_o narrow_a sea_n and_o not_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n yet_o grant_v it_o to_o amount_v 〈◊〉_d 10_o 20_o or_o 30_o mile_n it_o can_v reach_v to_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o to_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o whole_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v 21600_o english_a mile_n allow_v 60_o english_a mile_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o diameter_n to_o be_v about_o 7200_o mile_n who_o semi-diameter_n measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v 3600_o mile_n and_o if_o any_o man_n suppose_v some_o of_o the_o quantity_n to_o be_v abate_v because_o of_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o earth_n who_o circle_n must_v be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o may_v challenge_v some_o abatement_n but_o not_o come_v near_o any_o equality_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o globe_n and_o chart_n it_o seem_v for_o a_o great_a part_n empty_a and_o unfurnished_a of_o land_n yet_o this_o for_o the_o great_a part_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o man_n ignorance_n and_o want_v of_o true_a discovery_n because_o many_o quillet_n and_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v yet_o unknown_a to_o our_o christian_a world_n and_o therefore_o omit_v and_o not_o figure_v in_o ouâ—_n ordinary_a map_n so_o we_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v hide_v and_o unknown_a without_o discovery_n in_o the_o dayeâ—_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o cause_v he_o to_o contract_n &_o curtail_v the_o earth_n in_o his_o geographical_a description_n which_o defect_n have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n supply_v by_o the_o industrious_a travail_n and_o navigation_n of_o late_a time_n such_o as_o be_v of_o portugal_n english_a and_o hollander_n especial_o of_o columbus_n the_o italian_a who_o as_o one_o witty_o allude_v to_o his_o name_n like_o noah_n dove_n pluck_v a_o olive_n branch_n from_o this_o land_n give_v testimony_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o yet_o unknown_a and_o leave_v naked_a unto_o discovery_n and_o no_o question_n can_v be_v make_v but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n not_o yet_o detect_v by_o our_o european_a navigator_n await_v the_o industry_n of_o this_o age_n to_o which_o allude_v the_o poet_n in_o these_o verse_n 2._o venient_fw-la annis_fw-la secula_fw-la seris_fw-la quibus_fw-la oceanus_n vincula_fw-la rerum_fw-la laxet_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la pateat_fw-la tellus_fw-la typhiâ—que_fw-la novos_fw-la detegat_fw-la orb_n nec_fw-la sit_fw-la terris_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n in_o after-yeere_n shall_v age_n come_v when_o th'oecean_n shall_v unloose_v the_o band_n of_o thing_n and_o show_v vast_a ample_a land_n new_a world_n by_o seaman_n shall_v be_v find_v nor_o thule_n be_v the_o utmost_a bind_v another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o if_o these_o two_o element_n shall_v meet_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n &_o challenge_v a_o equality_n questionless_a the_o whole_a earth_n will_v prove_v over-moist_a slimy_a and_o unapt_a for_o habitation_n which_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o observe_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n for_o let_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n &_o another_o of_o water_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n the_o whole_a mass_n will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o heap_n of_o mire_n or_o slime_n without_o any_o solid_a or_o consist_v substance_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a body_n cor_fw-la hardly_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n or_o limit_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o must_v needs_o require_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n whereon_o to_o support_v itself_o which_o body_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v great_a in_o quantity_n 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o sundry_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o in_o the_o first_o creation_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o and_o uniform_a be_v overwhelm_v and_o compass_v round_o with_o water_n as_o yet_o unfurnished_a of_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o appear_v that_o almighty_a god_n afterward_o make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o dry-land_n this_o separation_n aâ—_n far_o as_o reason_n may_v be_v admit_v as_o judge_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o by_o give_v supernatural_a bound_n and_o limit_n unto_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o invade_v the_o dry-land_n or_o else_o by_o alter_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n cast_v it_o into_o inequal_a part_n so_o that_o somewhere_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v away_o empty_a channel_n or_o concavity_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o receive_v the_o water_n otherwhere_a by_o heap_v up_o the_o part_n so_o take_v away_o whence_o be_v cause_v mountain_n and_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n the_o former_a of_o these_o way_n seem_v altogether_o improbable_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a to_o imagine_v that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n as_o hereafter_o in_o place_n more_o convenient_a shall_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o take_v the_o late_a as_o more_o consonant_n to_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n &_o the_o earth_n separate_v and_o divide_v make_v not_o two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a 〈◊〉_d globe_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sphere_n forasmuch_o as_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperâ—â—etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thâ—n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o â—s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o duâ—_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
on_o the_o land_n in_o their_o perfect_a figure_n and_o greatness_n sail_v far_a off_o they_o will_v observe_v they_o on_o the_o low_a part_n little_a &_o little_o diminish_v until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o top_n only_o of_o the_o house_n and_o tree_n will_v be_v visible_a in_o like_a sort_n they_o which_o tarry_v on_o the_o land_n will_v first_o espy_v the_o top_n and_o masâ—_n of_o a_o ship_n approach_v which_o sight_n will_v be_v perfect_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o ship_n draw_v towards_o the_o land_n and_o at_o last_o all_o part_n of_o it_o will_v show_v themselves_o which_o accident_n can_v be_v cast_v upon_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n and_o swell_v of_o the_o water_n which_o if_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o station_n on_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ship_n wherein_o passenger_n be_v convey_v which_o experiment_n be_v express_v in_o this_o diagramme_n here_o annex_v certain_a platonic_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v patricius_n a_o late_a writer_n will_v ascribe_v this_o experiment_n to_o the_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n cause_v partly_o by_o the_o distance_n which_o can_v perfect_o represent_v the_o object_n partly_o by_o the_o interpose_a vapour_n arise_v in_o the_o sea_n partly_o by_o the_o quiver_a light_n which_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o these_o cause_n may_v somewhat_o hinder_v and_o cause_n that_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a species_n of_o a_o body_n can_v always_o visit_v the_o sight_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o be_v not_o all_o but_o that_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o water_n will_v prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a but_o for_o one_o of_o patricius_n his_o shift_n concern_v vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o clavius_n seem_v also_o to_o consent_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n it_o make_v more_o for_o our_o assertion_n than_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o optic_n seem_v great_a in_o quantity_n and_o by_o consequence_n near_o and_o so_o high_o than_o will_v otherwise_o appear_v as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v see_v of_o we_o before_o it_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n because_o of_o a_o refraction_n of_o its_o beam_n in_o a_o thick_a matter_n wherefore_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o tower_n see_v at_o sea_n or_o a_o ship_n from_o the_o land_n through_o these_o thick_a and_o gross_a vapour_n shall_v appear_v high_o and_o seem_v near_o then_o if_o it_o meet_v not_o with_o such_o vapour_n second_o what_o be_v urge_v concern_v the_o tremble_a light_n cause_v by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o although_o such_o a_o light_n may_v cause_v a_o impediment_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n yet_o will_v not_o this_o decrement_n or_o hindrance_n be_v by_o degree_n and_o in_o such_o proportion_n as_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o wit_n to_o the_o distance_n interpose_v and_o much_o wonder_v it_o be_v that_o patricius_n as_o my_o learned_a friend_n mr_n r._n hues_n observe_v be_v as_o it_o seem_v very_o well_o read_v in_o the_o story_n of_o spanish_a navigation_n shall_v not_o be_v convince_v out_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o magellane_n who_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o south-west_n part_n pass_v by_o the_o magellane_n straits_n now_o call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o so_o return_v by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n into_o spain_n to_o which_o we_o way_n add_v the_o voyage_n of_o drake_n candish_n and_o many_o other_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v urge_v by_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la and_o have_v its_o ground_n in_o archimedes_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr aqua-vectis_a which_o be_v form_v in_o this_o sort_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o affect_v and_o flow_v to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v infer_v that_o it_o must_v be_v round_o for_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o always_o obtain_v the_o low_a place_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o figure_n for_o if_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o water_n a_o plain_a superficies_n let_v it_o for_o example_n be_v adb_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n c_o let_v there_o be_v describe_v a_o circle_n to_o wit_n egf_n then_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v cd_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o let_v ac_fw-la and_o bc_n be_v join_v together_o now_o because_o the_o right_a line_n cd_o be_v less_o then_o ca_n or_o cb_n as_o will_v appear_v evident_o by_o sense_n it_o will_v be_v plain_a that_o the_o point_n d_o will_v be_v in_o a_o low_a place_n than_o the_o point_n a_o or_o b_o because_o d_o be_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n for_o as_o much_o as_o dc_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n whereas_o ac_fw-la and_o cb_n evident_o exceed_v that_o quantity_n or_o proportion_n another_o reason_n there_o be_v common_o draw_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o drop_n cast_v on_o the_o sand_n as_o also_o from_o water_n in_o pot_n who_o superficies_n seem_v to_o swell_v above_o the_o brim_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o place_n convenient_a be_v rather_o against_o this_o assertion_n then_o for_o it_o because_o indeed_o we_o affirm_v the_o water_n to_o be_v round_o but_o so_o as_o it_o claim_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v sensible_a in_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n as_o a_o drop_n or_o pot_n of_o water_n this_o proposition_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o reason_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o answer_v certain_a objection_n cast_v in_o by_o the_o say_v patricius_n against_o our_o assertion_n every_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n quoth_v patricius_n be_v either_o only_a plain_a or_o only_o round_a or_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o or_o neither_o plain_a nor_o round_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o seem_v very_o evident_a for_o so_o it_o shall_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n neither_o can_v one_o part_n be_v plain_a and_o another_o round_o because_o the_o water_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o homogeneal_a body_n not_o consist_v of_o such_o unequal_a part_n that_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v plain_a nor_o round_o seem_v more_o impossible_a because_o fâ—w_v or_o none_o have_v dream_v of_o any_o other_o figure_n last_o that_o it_o be_v not_o round_o only_a he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a reason_n and_o experiment_n first_o he_o testify_v of_o himself_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o plain_o â—aw_v in_o the_o morning_n before_o sunrising_n the_o mountain_n of_o corsica_n which_o afterward_o assoon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v vanish_v out_o of_o his_o sight_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o argument_n to_o judicious_a man_n will_v seem_v very_o weak_a 1_o because_o it_o depend_v altogether_o on_o the_o authority_n and_o credit_n of_o patricius_n who_o assertion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o another_o man_n denial_n 2_o be_v this_o argument_n every_o where_o sound_a yet_o will_v it_o prove_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o that_o this_o effect_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o can_v be_v draw_v any_o general_a conclusion_n that_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a we_o deny_v not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o other_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v which_o may_v hinder_v or_o take_v away_o the_o sight_n of_o object_n from_o those_o who_o sail_n on_o the_o sea_n the_o second_o experiment_n patricius_n describe_v in_o this_o manner_n at_o a_o certain_a town_n call_v comaâ—lum_n say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a pool_n through_o which_o pool_n or_o lake_n some_o 3_o year_n ago_o it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o boat_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o way_n in_o all_o the_o journey_n appear_v to_o be_v less_o than_o 2_o foot_n in_o depth_n from_o the_o top_n the_o way_n increase_v at_o first_o the_o low_a part_n and_o foundation_n of_o house_n than_o the_o top_n and_o princely_a pinnacle_n begin_v to_o vanish_v from_o our_o sight_n at_o last_o have_v scarce_o pass_v 6000_o pace_n a_o tower_n 72_o foot_n high_a begin_v to_o appear_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o middle_n and_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n upward_o appear_v visible_a
but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n inter-posed_n can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sight_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n wherefore_o some_o other_o accidental_a cause_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v make_v inquiry_n whether_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o boat_n be_v direct_o forward_o from_o the_o tower_n on_o the_o water_n no_o land_n inter-posed_n or_o indirect_o side-wise_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o their_o sight_n and_o the_o tower_n mention_v the_o former_a no_o way_n can_v be_v imagine_v foras_fw-la much_o as_o it_o not_o only_o contradict_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o receive_a philosophy_n but_o also_o of_o patricius_n himself_o for_o give_v the_o earth_n a_o plain_a surface_n or_o angular_a or_o any_o other_o form_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n such_o a_o effect_n shall_v happen_v out_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n 1_o because_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o pot_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o spherical_a roundness_n for_o although_o at_o the_o brink_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v restrain_v above_o the_o pot_n yet_o no_o such_o swell_a appear_v in_o the_o middle_n 2_o that_o river_n be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o bank_n which_o otherwise_o will_v flow_v abroad_o 3_o that_o river_n when_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o snow_n they_o swell_v so_o great_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v contain_v within_o their_o bank_n do_v not_o seem_v high_o in_o the_o middle_n then_o in_o other_o place_n 4_o if_o any_o man_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o level_v at_o any_o mark_n he_o may_v sure_o hit_v it_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v if_o there_o be_v any_o spherical_a swell_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o may_v hinder_v the_o sight_n 5_o and_o last_o it_o seem_v so_o unlikely_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v more_o hollow_a in_o that_o we_o plain_o observe_v that_o all_o filth_n and_o rubbish_n carry_v from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o settle_v and_o swim_v in_o the_o midst_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o argument_n of_o patricius_n our_o ground_n be_v yet_o unshake_a 1_n concern_v small_a drop_n and_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pot_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v round_o and_o spherical_a though_o not_o exact_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o roundness_n i_o confess_v serve_v not_o any_o way_n to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n because_o the_o sphericity_n and_o roundness_n which_o we_o aver_v to_o be_v in_o water_n have_v for_o its_o centre_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o so_o small_a a_o arch_n or_o section_n as_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pot_n or_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v be_v most_o know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o virtue_n attractive_a by_o which_o it_o draw_v to_o itself_o iron_n or_o steel_n as_o also_o the_o virtue_n directive_a by_o which_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n direct_v and_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n the_o rest_n of_o magnetical_a propriety_n i_o find_v in_o ancient_a writer_n as_o little_o know_v as_o their_o cause_n &_o if_o any_o matter_n herein_o be_v broach_v it_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a and_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n neither_o have_v we_o any_o certain_a or_o satisfactory_a knowledge_n of_o this_o thing_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o please_v god_n to_o raise_v up_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n d._n gilbert_n who_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n have_v tread_v out_o a_o new_a path_n to_o
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o effect_v will_v on_o this_o side_n the_o aequator_fw-la respect_v the_o north-pole_n but_o be_v past_o the_o line_n will_v straightway_o turn_v about_o and_o point_n to_o the_o southpole_n a_o error_n as_o mr_n hues_n say_v unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n but_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n in_o some_o â—ort_n may_v be_v excuse_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n be_v in_o his_o time_n either_o not_o discover_v or_o most_o unperfect_o know_v and_o the_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o navigator_n be_v repute_v the_o best_a argument_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o a_o traveller_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o deceive_v a_o scholar_n who_o out_o of_o his_o read_n and_o experience_n can_v show_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v 2_o this_o contrary_a motion_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o gilbert_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
instrument_n or_o table_n and_o reduce_v they_o according_o to_o your_o chart_n which_o we_o suppose_v before_o mark_v out_o according_a to_o several_a degree_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v set_v down_o in_o our_o chart_n the_o metropolis_n of_o france_n which_o be_v paris_n have_v recourse_n to_o my_o table_n i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v in_o longitude_n 23_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 48_o degree_n here_o to_o find_v out_o the_o say_a longitude_n you_o must_v extend_v a_o thread_n from_o the_o 23_o degree_n of_o the_o parallel_n ab_fw-la to_o the_o like_a degree_n in_o the_o parallel_n cd_o then_o hold_v it_o fast_o you_o must_v cross_v that_o thread_n with_o another_o extend_v from_o the_o meridian_n ac_fw-la to_o the_o meridian_n ad_fw-la in_o the_o point_n of_o 28_o degree_n the_o point_n wherein_o these_o two_o thread_n shall_v cut_v and_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o you_o may_v take_v for_o the_o true_a place_n of_o paris_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o in_o your_o chart_n in_o like_a sort_n you_o may_v proceed_v with_o all_o other_o place_n but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o describe_v a_o river_n in_o your_o chart_n it_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o take_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o beginning_n or_o fountain_n but_o of_o the_o end_n middle_a turn_n and_o angle_n town_n or_o city_n by_o which_o it_o pass_v bridge_n and_o other_o occurrent_a circumstance_n in_o like_a sort_n may_v you_o set_v down_o wood_n forest_n mountain_n lake_n and_o other_o place_n whatsoever_o 4_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o particular_a chart_n the_o accidental_a part_n we_o call_v the_o scale_n of_o miles_n which_o teach_v how_o many_o mile_n be_v contain_v betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n in_o the_o chart_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o know_v two_o thing_n 1_o the_o fabric_n 2_o the_o use_n 1_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n depend_v from_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o two_o place_n in_o the_o chart._n the_o practice_n be_v very_o easy_a and_o teach_v in_o these_o three_o rule_n 1_v you_o must_v search_v out_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n whatsoever_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o region_n describe_v in_o your_o chart_n which_o you_o may_v do_v either_o experimental_o by_o your_o own_o knowledge_n or_o some_o certain_a relation_n of_o traveller_n 2_o then_o must_v you_o draw_v three_o parallel_n line_n contain_v two_o space_n one_o large_a the_o other_o lesser_a in_o some_o void_a space_n of_o your_o chart._n 3_o you_o must_v divide_v the_o say_a scale_n into_o so_o many_o mile_n as_o the_o say_v void_a space_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o know_a distance_n first_o find_v out_o as_o for_o example_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o paris_n and_o roan_n be_v know_v to_o be_v 30_o french_a league_n which_o contain_v 60_o of_o our_o mile_n allow_v for_o every_o such_o league_n 2_o mile_n wherefore_o your_o parallel_n line_n be_v first_o draw_v as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o former_a chart_n divide_v your_o scale_n into_o 30_o part_n according_o and_o in_o the_o large_a space_n place_v your_o number_n as_o 10.20.30_o and_o so_o forth_o so_o far_o as_o your_o space_n will_v convenient_o extend_v 2_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o two_o place_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n be_v take_v and_o apply_v to_o the_o scale_n will_v show_v how_o many_o mile_n it_o contain_v as_o for_o example_n i_o will_v willing_o know_v how_o many_o english_a mile_n be_v contain_v betwixt_o paris_n and_o orleans_n in_o my_o chart_n of_o france_n here_o i_o take_v with_o my_o compass_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o say_a city_n in_o the_o chart_n and_o apply_v that_o to_o the_o scale_n i_o find_v it_o to_o contain_v 50_o mile_n which_o be_v the_o true_a measure_n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n and_o propriety_n of_o place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o handle_v the_o distinction_n 2_o a_o place_n be_v general_o distinguish_v into_o water_n and_o land_n the_o description_n of_o the_o former_a be_v term_v hydrographie_n the_o other_o for_o distinction_n we_o call_v pedography_n 3_o hydrographie_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o accident_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o water_n we_o consider_v not_o here_o mere_o physical_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n whereof_o mix_v body_n be_v compound_v but_o topographical_o as_o it_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n yet_o be_v we_o not_o so_o curious_a to_o exclude_v such_o physical_a problem_n and_o consideration_n as_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o sense_n which_o a_o topographer_n can_v well_o neglect_v be_v the_o mark_n and_o character_n design_v out_o special_a place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o original_n of_o the_o water_n we_o must_v first_o take_v as_o grant_v that_o almighty_a god_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n in_o the_o beginning_n make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n and_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v term_v in_o the_o scripture_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o expansum_fw-la a_o thing_n stretch_v out_o or_o extend_v by_o these_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o understand_v the_o cloudy_a vapour_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o the_o pure_a fluid_a and_o liquid_a body_n whereof_o the_o firmament_n consist_v i_o leave_v it_o to_o learned_a divine_n and_o critic_n expositor_n to_o dispute_v although_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o phrase_n if_o it_o be_v well_o render_v will_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o air_n can_v no_o way_n be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o the_o firmament_n except_o the_o hebrew_n term_n miscarry_v in_o the_o translation_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n which_o aristotle_n labour_v to_o confirm_v be_v find_v long_o since_o to_o thwart_v the_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n although_o it_o may_v thus_o be_v retain_v as_o useful_a supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n but_o to_o let_v this_o pass_v and_o come_v to_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o collection_n of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o have_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n substance_n from_o the_o dry-land_n cause_v by_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n testify_v by_o moses_n in_o 1_o gen_n which_o once_o grant_v as_o no_o christian_a can_v deny_v easy_o rebate_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o contend_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o drought_n and_o moisture_n to_o derive_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o separation_n the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o work_v by_o little_a and_o little_a diminish_v or_o at_o least_o resist_v the_o water_n so_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o altogether_o overwhelm_v the_o land_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v altogether_o deficient_a in_o nature_n because_o drought_n and_o moisture_n be_v no_o such_o quality_n to_o have_v such_o a_o operation_n and_o if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v betwixt_o drought_n and_o moisture_n the_o drought_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n will_v rather_o draw_v moisture_n unto_o it_o than_o any_o way_n expel_v it_o or_o drive_v it_o away_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n then_o the_o immediate_a work_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o before_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o place_n the_o water_n be_v say_v to_o cover_v the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o afterward_o at_o god_n appointment_n the_o water_n go_v back_o and_o show_v the_o dry-land_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v god_n separate_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v much_o controverse_v among_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v suffer_v to_o stand_v entire_a without_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v suffer_v to_o flow_v abroad_o they_o may_v again_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v thus_o restrain_v be_v not_o agree_v among_o they_o for_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n which_o restrain_v the_o flow_a abroad_o of_o the_o water_n beyond_o ordinary_a bound_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v st_n jerome_n who_o ground_v his_o opinion_n as_o it_o seem_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o
wherein_o every_o body_n seek_v its_o own_o safety_n the_o other_o general_n wherein_o all_o body_n concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o former_a proceed_v from_o the_o special_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o union_n of_o all_o his_o part_n to_o itself_o this_o union_n be_v great_a of_o all_o in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o all_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n admit_v no_o equality_n of_o dimension_n the_o general_n depend_v from_o the_o resultancy_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n whereby_o be_v cause_v a_o union_n of_o all_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a to_o who_o preservation_n they_o be_v secondary_o direct_v whence_o arise_v a_o double_a figurature_n of_o the_o water_n the_o one_o of_o a_o sphere_n excentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o also_o of_o a_o sphere_n but_o concentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o conicall_a figure_n be_v compound_v why_o this_o figure_n shall_v be_v more_o sensible_a in_o a_o small_a drop_n or_o quantity_n then_o in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v declare_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n well_o understand_v because_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o lesser_a sphere_n excentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o and_o the_o great_a be_v less_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v the_o sphere_n the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o convexity_n and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o sphere_n the_o lesser_a will_v the_o be_v convexity_n or_o crookedness_n wherefore_o this_o crookedness_n be_v in_o a_o small_a measure_n of_o water_n very_o sensible_a in_o a_o main_a ocean_n will_v by_o sense_n be_v hardly_o distinguish_v from_o a_o right_a line_n 8_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v twofold_a saltness_n and_o thickness_n 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o saltish_a quality_n no_o man_n have_v ever_o doubt_v at_o least_o in_o most_o part_n but_o whether_o this_o saltish_a quality_n essential_o agree_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o therein_o create_v or_o else_o accidental_o bring_v in_o i_o find_v no_o small_a difference_n among_o philosopher_n those_o which_o defend_v the_o saltishnesse_n to_o be_v accidental_a be_v divide_v into_o diverse_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n imagine_v that_o the_o earth_n chase_v and_o heat_v with_o the_o sun_n continual_o sweat_v out_o water_n whence_o be_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o shall_v have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n because_o all_o sweat_n be_v of_o this_o quality_n but_o this_o opinion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o pleasant_a allegory_n of_o the_o old_a greek_a writer_n who_o write_v their_o philosophy_n in_o verse_n and_o therefore_o use_v such_o allusion_n as_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v in_o many_o other_o matter_n poëtical_o devise_v of_o they_o yet_o refute_v of_o aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n other_o have_v more_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o this_o saltishnesse_n be_v first_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n through_o who_o part_n the_o water_n be_v strain_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v this_o quality_n be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o we_o see_v water_n be_v wring_v through_o ash_n to_o grow_v salt_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v of_o no_o great_a soundness_n because_o the_o first_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o small_a quantity_n more_o apt_a to_o yield_v and_o receive_v this_o tincture_n be_v notwithstanding_o devoide_a of_o all_o such_o quality_n beside_o this_o we_o rather_o find_v the_o contrary_a by_o experiment_n that_o sea-water_n strain_v through_o clay_n will_v turn_v fresh_a as_o likewise_o powder_a flesh_n be_v lay_v to_o soak_v â—n_v salt_n water_n will_v soon_o turn_v sweet_a the_o former_a be_v verify_v by_o baptista_n porta_n of_o the_o other_o every_o kitchenmaid_n on_o the_o seaside_n will_v inform_v us._n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v of_o aristotle_n who_o refer_v the_o saltish_a quality_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o chief_a cause_n draw_v and_o lift_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n store_n of_o exhalation_n which_o afterward_o mix_v with_o vapour_n fall_v down_o again_o by_o drop_n for_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o the_o thin_a and_o fresh_a part_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v the_o thick_a and_o low_a water_n to_o suffer_v adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o become_v salt_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o a_o exhalation_n the_o sun_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fresh_a part_n where_o thicken_a they_o descend_v in_o rain_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o sea_n salt_n the_o form_n be_v the_o strain_n and_o concoction_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o saltishnes_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o terrestrial_a dryness_n concur_v with_o moisture_n join_v with_o adustion_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o two_o thing_n be_v chief_o concur_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o saltishnesse_n to_o wit_n drought_n and_o adustion_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o instance_n of_o fresh-water_n in_o the_o kitchen_n which_o turn_v salt_n be_v much_o boil_a because_o the_o thin_a and_o sweet_a vapour_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o dissipate_v leave_v that_o behind_o which_o be_v thick_a and_o saltish_a the_o same_o will_v some_o have_v in_o the_o sea_n seethe_v as_o it_o be_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o experimental_o find_v in_o hot_a water_n on_o the_o fire_n but_o this_o be_v except_v against_o by_o some_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o many_o salt_n well_n and_o fountain_n arise_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n far_o remote_a and_o separate_a from_o this_o extreme_a heat_n and_o adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o such_o salt_n spring_n be_v either_o by_o some_o violence_n enforce_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a cavern_n and_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o tincture_n of_o saltness_n from_o some_o salt_n mineral_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v wherefore_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n i_o see_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o refute_v the_o other_o opinion_n concern_v this_o quality_n of_o such_o which_o will_v have_v it_o essential_a to_o the_o sea_n water_n and_o inbred_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v ground_v on_o two_o small_a cause_n first_o they_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fish_n who_o will_v otherwise_o rot_v because_o experience_n show_v that_o fish_n will_v soon_o putrify_v without_o salt_n but_o this_o be_v thwart_v by_o three_o reason_n first_o because_o if_o fish_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n salt_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o cook_n may_v save_v himself_o a_o labour_n in_o salt_v they_o again_o in_o his_o kitchen_n also_o fish_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v oftentimes_o preserve_v long_o and_o sweet_a less_o need_v salt_n then_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o fresh_a pond_n and_o river_n second_o if_o this_o reason_n shall_v hold_v currant_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o fish_n also_o rot_v and_o putrify_v in_o fresh_a water_n three_o why_o shall_v fish_n covet_v the_o fresh_a water_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o many_o fish_n if_o in_o it_o they_o shall_v suffer_v putrefaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o nature_n above_o all_o what_o need_v we_o fear_v this_o putrefaction_n of_o fish_n while_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o live_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o great_a preseruative_n than_o all_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o world_n or_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o doubt_v the_o same_o calamity_n in_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n which_o be_v as_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o second_o cause_n say_v they_o why_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v create_v salt_n be_v because_o the_o sea_n itself_o shall_v not_o putrify_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o salt_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n to_o resist_v putrefaction_n but_o here_o we_o may_v demand_v why_o these_o author_n shall_v fear_v putrefaction_n in_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n rather_o than_o in_o other_o water_n and_o river_n which_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereas_o aristotle_n affirm_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n that_o if_o
the_o sea_n be_v dâ—uided_v into_o many_o part_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o putrify_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v overthrow_v there_o want_v not_o reason_n to_o contradict_v first_o say_v one_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o create_v salt_n then_o be_v there_o some_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v fresh_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v create_v fresh_a yet_o be_v apt_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o receive_v saltness_n it_o may_v almost_o at_o the_o first_o receive_v it_o second_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o embrace_v this_o quality_n i_o know_v neither_o history_n to_o confute_v i_o or_o reason_n to_o convince_v i_o second_o it_o be_v urge_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v original_o salt_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n but_o this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n first_o because_o experience_n show_v that_o many_o kind_n of_o fish_n live_v in_o both_o and_o many_o rather_o covet_v and_o desire_v the_o fresh_a water_n than_o the_o sea_n second_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o as_o the_o sea_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o degree_n turn_v from_o freshness_n to_o saltness_n the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fish_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n change_v and_o alter_v whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o fish_n since_o breed_v and_o nourish_v in_o fresh_a water_n can_v so_o well_o endure_v the_o salt_n moreover_o who_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n now_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n since_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o sundry_a kind_n of_o live_a creature_n daily_o arise_v out_o of_o putrefaction_n on_o the_o land_n which_o may_v with_o like_a probability_n or_o more_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o other_o reason_n of_o one_o patricius_n a_o platonist_n who_o will_v oppose_v aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n aristotle_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n show_v not_o the_o cause_n for_o i_o will_v ask_v why_o that_o parcel_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o the_o thin_a part_n be_v extract_v shall_v remain_v salt_n be_v it_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o afterward_o impress_v be_v it_o inbred_a or_o accidental_a if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inbred_a quality_n from_o the_o beginning_n he_o vain_o go_v about_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o cause_n if_o the_o saltness_n be_v adventitious_a the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v give_v but_o the_o cause_n give_v by_o he_o be_v not_o true_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o rather_o take_v away_o the_o saltness_n but_o to_o these_o objection_n of_o patricius_n spin_a out_o in_o many_o word_n we_o may_v answer_v two_o way_n either_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v mere_o adventitious_a breed_v by_o a_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o distil_v down_o again_o or_o else_o because_o this_o answer_n seem_v not_o whole_o to_o satisfy_v for_o as_o much_o as_o rainy_a water_n be_v seldom_o salt_n and_o if_o it_o be_v can_v hardly_o flow_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n to_o feed_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o will_v answer_v second_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v radical_o or_o original_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v out_o and_o sensible_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o many_o sweet_a humour_n join_v with_o it_o without_o a_o separation_n first_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o the_o thick_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o disponent_fw-la though_o not_o a_o productive_a cause_n of_o this_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n 2_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o some_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o among_o our_o geographer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v make_v of_o mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o ice_n wherewith_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o from_o passage_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o voyage_n of_o frobisher_n davis_n hudson_n and_o other_o late_a navigatour_n which_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o northwest_o passage_n we_o find_v such_o strange_a relation_n not_o only_o of_o sea_n close_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o also_o of_o rock_n and_o land_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o incredible_a greatness_n the_o truth_n of_o these_o relation_n i_o no_o way_n disapprove_v but_o rather_o out_o of_o these_o testimony_n approve_v our_o former_a assertion_n that_o sea_n which_o be_v whole_o salt_n be_v never_o find_v to_o freeze_v for_o first_o whereas_o it_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la it_o may_v bear_v the_o nâ—me_n well_o enough_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o ice_n float_v on_o the_o water_n or_o collect_v into_o a_o rock_n or_o island_n this_o ice_n as_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o rather_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n run_v into_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o river_n be_v not_o always_o freeze_v but_o sometime_o by_o a_o remission_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v thaw_v and_o the_o piece_n break_v a_o sunder_o and_o float_a into_o the_o sea_n in_o it_o oft_o time_n meet_v in_o great_a heap_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v 1_o in_o that_o these_o great_a râ—cks_n of_o ice_n melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v dissolve_v into_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n gush_v down_o in_o great_a abundance_n wherewith_o sometime_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v fraught_v their_o ship_n as_o we_o have_v testify_v by_o the_o forenamed_a navigatour_n 2_o because_o some_o part_n of_o the_o main_a sea_n situate_v perhaps_o more_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o cold_a climate_n suffer_v not_o this_o accident_n whereas_o place_n near_o the_o shore_n far_a south_n be_v almost_o always_o freeze_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n be_v common_o mix_v with_o fresh_a water_n convey_v in_o either_o by_o great_a river_n or_o infinite_a secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n which_o we_o see_v not_o the_o reason_n why_o that_o salt_n water_n exclude_v this_o propriety_n incident_a or_o the_o fresh_a i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o hot-spirit_n hide_v in_o the_o salt_n humour_n which_o be_v more_o fervent_a and_o operative_a than_o those_o of_o the_o fresh_a water_n 9_o so_o much_o for_o the_o saltness_n the_o next_o be_v the_o thickness_n whereof_o we_o will_v set_v down_o this_o short_a theorem_a 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o other_o water_n this_o proposition_n have_v its_o light_n from_o the_o former_a because_o thickness_n of_o water_n be_v a_o companion_n of_o the_o saltness_n as_o depend_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n to_o wit_n the_o exhalation_n and_o extraction_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v many_o small_a cause_n give_v by_o patricius_n of_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n fâ—â—st_o because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v more_o strong_o hold_v together_o and_o not_o cover_v and_o overflow_v the_o firm_a land_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o error_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o limit_n which_o opinion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o reject_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o bear_v and_o carry_v ship_n and_o other_o great_a weight_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n three_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a may_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o many_o saltish_a mineral_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v other_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o this_o author_n but_o less_o forceable_a which_o we_o will_v omit_v as_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o proper_a task_n it_o be_v to_o seek_v they_o out_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o violent_a the_o natural_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v partly_o incident_a to_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o sea_n 2_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v general_o to_o all_o or_o at_o least_o to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
of_o madera_n the_o canary_n and_o s._n thomas_n it_o surpass_v not_o the_o height_n of_o venice_n but_o in_o america_n on_o the_o hithermost_a coast_n from_o florida_n sinus_n mexicanus_n the_o coast_n of_o brasile_n and_o pariâ—_n more_o than_o three_o thousand_o league_n even_o to_o the_o magellane_n straits_n it_o increase_v almost_o to_o two_o palm_n breadth_n but_o far_a south_n to_o panama_n and_o all_o those_o southern_a shore_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a height_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n india_n and_o taprobana_n three_o if_o the_o moon_n by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n shall_v move_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o will_v it_o move_v the_o ocean_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o wind_n with_o the_o same_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o same_o wind_n but_o this_o thwart_v experience_n which_o be_v thus_o prove_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n when_o as_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o adriaticke_n ionian_a and_o sicilian_a sea_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o land_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v as_o the_o mariner_n speak_v in_o sirocco_n and_o in_o maestro_n but_o ebb_v or_o flow_v back_o from_o the_o land_n when_o it_o be_v in_o graeco_fw-la atque_fw-la garbinio_fw-la and_o contrariwise_o the_o ocean_n swell_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o graece_fw-la and_o garbinio_fw-la but_o assuage_v itself_o again_o when_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o sirocco_n and_o maestro_n four_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n shall_v follow_v the_o moon_n than_o all_o place_n in_o the_o same_o distance_n shall_v ebb_v &_o flow_v alike_o at_o like_a hour_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n of_o patricius_n who_o report_v that_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n place_n distant_a 20_o degree_n have_v be_v see_v to_o ebb_v or_o flow_v alike_o and_o the_o place_n betwixt_o also_o to_o vary_v and_o observe_v no_o just_a proportion_n four_o if_o these_o surge_n shall_v be_v stir_v up_o by_o the_o moon_n than_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o hour_n shall_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o moon_n but_o this_o iâ—_n contrary_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o mariner_n who_o have_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o norman_a coast_n and_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o calais_n the_o tide_n happen_v the_o nine_o hour_n from_o midnight_n but_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o a_o full_a hour_n but_o at_o the_o twenty_o and_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n at_o 22_o hour_n five_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v the_o water_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n increase_v and_o decrease_v but_o this_o be_v opposite_a to_o observation_n for_o at_o venice_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o flow_v sometime_o for_o seven_o sometime_o for_o eight_o but_o ebb_v in_o few_o hour_n but_o about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n senega_n in_o the_o atlantic_a it_o be_v come_v in_o foore_a hour_n but_o go_v not_o back_o under_o eight_o so_o about_o goâ—umniae_n ostia_n the_o tide_n be_v come_v in_o seven_o hour_n but_o go_v back_o in_o five_o six_o if_o the_o water_n flow_v by_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v draw_v and_o carry_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o all_o action_n be_v by_o a_o touch_v and_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o water_n by_o her_o light_n but_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o at_o midnight_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v most_o distant_a in_o her_o light_n our_o sea_n do_v no_o less_o ebb_n and_o flow_v then_o when_o it_o be_v present_a &_o so_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o antipode_n do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a with_o us._n 7_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a ancient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o same_o light_n be_v present_a the_o same_o agenâ—_n move_v the_o same_o effect_n shall_v necessary_o follow_v but_o we_o find_v that_o it_o produce_v two_o contrary_a one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o in_o her_o ascent_n to_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n but_o a_o little_a decline_a from_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v think_v to_o depress_v &_o assuage_v the_o water_n 8_o if_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v not_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o motion_n because_o contrary_a cause_n produce_v contrary_a effect_n but_o we_o observe_v the_o same_o ebb_a &_o flow_v in_o the_o conjunction_n or_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v no_o light_n as_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n when_o with_o full_a face_n she_o behold_v the_o sea_n for_o in_o both_o these_o time_n we_o have_v high_a â—ides_n these_o &_o many_o more_o argument_n be_v urge_v by_o patricius_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sun_n among_o other_o i_o find_v the_o chief_a patron_n to_o be_v tâ—â—esius_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v in_o this_o wise_a because_o it_o will_v avoid_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n fear_v lest_o it_o shall_v be_v too_o much_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o perish_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v far_o more_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v concern_v this_o motion_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v to_o avoid_v the_o sun_n heat_n whether_o it_o be_v voluntary_a or_o necessary_a it_o can_v be_v voluntary_a oâ—_n a_o free_a action_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o live_a creature_n to_o which_o only_o such_o a_o motion_n be_v incident_a if_o it_o be_v necessary_a than_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v natural_a because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n one_o body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o water_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n have_v another_o motion_n to_o fall_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n wherefore_o it_o can_v also_o admit_v of_o this_o it_o can_v be_v violent_a first_o because_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a second_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v think_v upon_o external_a which_o shall_v cause_v this_o violent_a motion_n and_o if_o any_o such_o cause_n there_o be_v find_v then_o be_v not_o this_o of_o telesius_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n since_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o far_a cause_n three_o no_o cause_n can_v here_o be_v show_v according_a to_o this_o opininion_n why_o all_o other_o water_n as_o fresh_a river_n shall_v not_o likewise_o strive_v to_o â—ide_v themselves_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n four_o he_o shall_v give_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o belgic_a and_o armoricke_a shore_n which_o be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o motion_n be_v no_o less_o eminent_a than_o in_o taprobana_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o torride_a zone_n and_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o s._n thomas_n which_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o equatour_n there_o be_v not_o a_o great_a work_n of_o the_o water_n then_o at_o venice_n five_o that_o which_o telesius_n bring_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n be_v no_o less_o warrantable_a than_o the_o main_a point_n in_o controversy_n in_o the_o summer_n say_v he_o the_o flood_n be_v lesser_o because_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o thin_a vapourâ—_n which_o be_v easy_o dissolve_v but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v less_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o least_o force_n and_o so_o raise_v up_o few_o vapour_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o both_o these_o matter_n be_v prove_v â—alse_a by_o experience_n first_o because_o in_o the_o summer_n we_o have_v as_o great_a a_o work_n of_o the_o water_n as_o at_o other_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n also_o as_o great_a or_o great_a second_o say_v the_o say_a author_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o motion_n be_v great_a because_o the_o much_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o moon_n draw_v up_o many_o vapour_n 〈◊〉_d the_o new_a moon_n because_o the_o air_n be_v refrigerated_a the_o internal_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n collect_v itself_o be_v make_v strong_a with_o more_o vapour_n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o there_o be_v not_o much_o light_a caâ—t_n from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o much_o collect_v by_o the_o external_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n to_o all_o these_o matter_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v first_o how_o can_v the_o moon_n bestow_v any_o light_n on_o our_o sea_n when_o she_o be_v with_o the_o antipode_n second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o internal_a heat_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o make_v strong_a by_o external_a cold_n 1_o first_o i_o ask_v how_o the_o sea_n can_v send_v
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o effect_n for_o the_o sea_n about_o europe_n we_o may_v pronounce_v also_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o have_v short_a &_o shallow_a shore_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o belgia_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v of_o the_o english_a shore_n that_o they_o swell_v very_o high_a albeit_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 144_o foot_n here_o must_v we_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o other_o cause_n the_o flow_a of_o a_o large_a &_o wide_a sea_n into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n for_o the_o large_a torrent_n of_o water_n run_v swift_o into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n be_v hinder_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o shore_n from_o spread_v itself_o in_o breadth_n be_v enforce_v to_o swell_v in_o height_n so_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o greâ—t_a current_n enbosome_a itself_o into_o a_o streite_z channel_n which_o may_v more_o evident_o show_v itself_o in_o 3_o instance_n for_o in_o the_o streite_z channel_n of_o zealand_n and_o holland_n it_o be_v lift_v up_o about_o three_o foot_n at_o bristol_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n run_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n and_o second_v by_o the_o main_a ocean_n at_o the_o back_n it_o swell_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o foot_n in_o the_o armorean_a sea_n where_o large_a sea_n be_v empty_v into_o more_o narrow_a streite_n then_o the_o former_a it_o increase_v to_o 90_o foot_n out_o of_o which_o experiment_n may_v we_o plain_o collect_v that_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n beside_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n two_o other_o cause_n be_v concur_v to_o wit_n the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o streitnesse_n of_o the_o channel_n wherein_o a_o great_a and_o large_a sea_n be_v to_o be_v exonerate_v this_o may_v last_o be_v far_a illustrate_v from_o the_o disparity_n of_o these_o sea_n with_o other_o for_o in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o discourse_n be_v pleasant_a concern_v which_o point_n the_o mariner_n make_v six_o degree_n of_o change_n in_o the_o tide_n according_a to_o the_o time_n first_o diurnal_a whereof_o we_o speak_v in_o this_o discourse_n the_o second_o hebdomedary_n or_o weekly_o which_o possidonius_fw-la call_v monthly_o or_o weekly_o because_o it_o be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a week_n of_o a_o month_n but_o tarry_v not_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n that_o a_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o day_n of_o conjunction_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o main_a ocean_n have_v their_o great_a flow_v and_o ebb_v be_v lift_v high_a and_o lay_v low_a down_o and_o then_o the_o tide_n be_v most_o swift_a the_o four_o day_n from_o the_o conjunction_n the_o tide_n be_v less_o and_o less_o swift_a the_o five_o yet_o less_o then_o then_o the_o former_a and_o the_o six_o day_n less_o than_o the_o five_o but_o in_o the_o seven_o day_n which_o be_v a_o day_n before_o the_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o follow_v wherein_o it_o be_v halfe-faced_n and_o in_o the_o nine_o which_o be_v a_o day_n after_o the_o quarter_n the_o sea_n be_v as_o it_o be_v dead_a not_o much_o stir_v neither_o much_o ebb_a or_o much_o flow_n which_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v only_o observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o euboian_a euripus_n but_o whether_o it_o so_o happen_v elsewhere_o i_o leave_v to_o man_n experience_v in_o these_o matter_n this_o motion_n as_o it_o do_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o it_o be_v say_v proportional_o to_o decrease_v again_o the_o three_o motion_n be_v monthly_a which_o seem_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conjunction_n wherein_o the_o sea-tide_n be_v high_a and_o swift_a the_o four_o be_v call_v motus_fw-la semestris_fw-la or_o six-month_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o like_o month_n the_o five_o be_v call_v trimestris_fw-la because_o it_o happen_v only_o in_o three_o month_n distance_n the_o last_o be_v annual_a which_o patricius_n witness_v that_o himself_o see_v in_o liburnia_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n these_o motion_n i_o careless_o pass_v over_o because_o the_o distinction_n seem_v to_o i_o full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o sâ—arce_o warrant_v and_o such_o experiment_n as_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o concern_v rather_o particular_a place_n than_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n 3_o hitherto_o of_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o special_a be_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o special_a place_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o have_v be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o philosopher_n of_o this_o late_a age_n that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o rapture_n of_o the_o heaven_n shall_v be_v move_v round_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o diurnal_a course_n which_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o prove_v by_o diverse_a experiment_n first_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o mariner_n that_o a_o ship_n can_v well_o sail_v from_o spain_n into_o america_n with_o a_o indifferent_a wind_n in_o 30_o day_n when_o she_o can_v hardly_o return_v under_o three_o month_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o ship_n go_v from_o east_n to_o west_n sail_v with_o the_o water_n but_o from_o west_n to_o east_n against_o the_o stream_n so_o that_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o be_v swift_a and_o the_o other_o slow_a their_o second_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v this_o point_n be_v of_o a_o ship_n sail_v from_o spain_n to_o holland_n which_o may_v as_o they_o say_v swift_a return_n back_o then_o go_v thither_o to_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o east_n to_o west_n julius_n scaliger_n have_v add_v another_o which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o terra_fw-la laboratoris_fw-la southward_n but_o patricius_n not_o deny_v these_o motion_n will_v have_v many_o more_o in_o diverse_a sea_n not_o admit_v any_o universal_a circular_a motion_n enforce_v by_o the_o heaven_n but_o various_a motion_n diverse_o dispose_v in_o diverse_a sea_n for_o which_o he_o give_v many_o instance_n some_o whereof_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v first_o go_v about_o to_o disprove_v scaliger_n opinion_n and_o experience_n he_o bring_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o portugal_n navigatour_n who_o testify_v that_o they_o come_v from_o mosambicke_a of_o the_o side_n on_o madagascar_n into_o malebar_v in_o 28_o sometime_o in_o 30_o other_o time_n in_o 35_o day_n which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o account_n of_o
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o affect_v the_o sea_n as_o his_o proper_a province_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v most_o observe_v of_o sea_n man_n and_o mariner_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n some_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a which_o in_o all_o place_n interchangeable_o supply_v their_o turn_n keep_v no_o certainty_n or_o regularity_n in_o time_n or_o place_n other_o be_v call_v set_v or_o stand_a wind_n because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n of_o both_o which_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v our_o purpose_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n these_o wind_n be_v by_o some_o call_v anniversary_n because_o they_o blow_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n of_o these_o there_o
be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n for_o many_o day_n together_o in_o the_o three_o place_n may_v we_o account_v that_o wind_n which_o columbus_n perceive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n come_v over_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v carry_v high_a at_o other_o time_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n whence_o he_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o moist_a land_n whereon_o he_o adventure_v on_o the_o first_o search_n of_o america_n and_o lay_v the_o first_o work_n of_o that_o discovery_n four_o to_o these_o wind_n may_v be_v reduce_v those_o yearly_a flow_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o indian_a sea_n which_o the_o portugal_n mariner_n call_v motion_n the_o persian_a sea_n suffer_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n every_o year_n while_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o southern_a degree_n and_o when_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la it_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a tempest_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o indian_a sea_n while_o the_o persian_a be_v move_v be_v observe_v to_o rest_n without_o any_o great_a motion_n and_o when_o the_o persian_a be_v still_o it_o suffer_v great_a motion_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v into_o cancer_n this_o last_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o only_o derive_v from_o the_o provincial_a wind_n but_o some_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n whether_o these_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o current_n before_o speak_v of_o be_v a_o very_a disputable_a point_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o search_v out_o of_o every_o set_a wind_n blow_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n acosta_n treat_v at_o large_a to_o which_o he_o ascribe_v the_o current_n forspeak_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n 2_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n how_o far_o the_o sea_n by_o violence_n of_o wind_n have_v trespass_v on_o the_o land_n many_o have_v learn_v to_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o calamity_n it_o be_v observe_v sometime_o in_o the_o venetian_a shore_n that_o the_o sea_n drive_v with_o wind_n swell_v so_o high_a that_o overflow_a all_o the_o bank_n and_o channel_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v enforce_v to_o row_v in_o boat_n from_o house_n to_o house_n their_o cistern_n be_v infect_v with_o salt-water_n and_o their_o precious_a water_n in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n spoil_v the_o like_a have_v heretofore_o be_v find_v if_o we_o will_v credit_v history_n in_o the_o belgic_a sea_n on_o which_o the_o northwest_o wind_v blow_n with_o such_o vehemency_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o break_v down_o the_o ordinary_a bank_n and_o in_o zealand_n and_o holland_n swallow_v up_o many_o town_n with_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o report_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o many_o travayler_n that_o in_o a_o calm_a tide_n the_o top_n of_o tower_n and_o steeple_n have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o threâ—_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o respect_n as_o well_o of_o the_o immensity_n of_o it_o in_o many_o place_n where_o no_o line_n can_v as_o of_o the_o various_a place_n too_o many_o to_o be_v search_v out_o by_o man_n industry_n yet_o where_o absolute_a science_n fail_v there_o probable_a conjecture_n take_v place_n and_o be_v best_a accept_v which_o we_o will_v venture_v to_o propose_v in_o this_o oâ—r_n theorem_a 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n and_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a receive_a opinion_n among_o ancient_a cosmographer_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n seldom_o exceed_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n except_o in_o some_o few_o place_n near_o suevian_a shore_n and_o some_o place_n about_o pontus_n observe_v by_o pliny_n but_o as_o breedwood_n a_o worthy_a late_a writer_n observe_v this_o position_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v general_o but_o only_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o streit_n or_o narrow_a sea_n which_o be_v perhaps_o only_o search_v by_o then_o ancient_n who_o dwell_v far_o from_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o another_o account_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o main_a ocean_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a uncertainty_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o conceit_n of_o the_o forename_a author_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o separation_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n from_o the_o waâ—ers_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n by_o the_o creation_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o diverse_a sluice_n &_o channel_n apt_a to_o receive_v water_n now_o these_o material_a pâ—rts_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v out_o to_o give_v way_n to_o hollowness_n be_v not_o utter_o annihilate_v but_o by_o a_o almighty_a hand_n in_o some_o other_o place_n make_v by_o their_o addition_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o place_n high_a than_o before_o whence_o by_o reason_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v collect_v that_o the_o ordinary_a eminency_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o oâ—e_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v compare_v we_o may_v sâ—t_v they_o against_o the_o deep_n and_o extraordinary_a while-poole_n and_o gull_n and_o so_o betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o we_o may_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o agreement_n and_o proportion_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n no_o man_n will_v expect_v a_o evident_a domonstraâ—ion_n 3_o the_o site_n be_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n oâ—_n the_o earth_n concern_v the_o site_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v consider_v the_o water_n and_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o absolute_o as_o they_o be_v element_n and_o solid_a body_n second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o either_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o whole_a solid_a body_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v confess_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o water_n have_v the_o high_a place_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o situation_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o book_n for_o although_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v think_v by_o most_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v above_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o be_v this_o of_o no_o sensible_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o vast_a mass_n of_o earth_n couch_v under_o the_o water_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o question_n be_v here_o
sort_n as_o they_o imagine_v for_o the_o only_a withdraw_n of_o that_o hand_n and_o let_v go_v of_o that_o bridle_n which_o give_v the_o water_n that_o restraint_n will_v have_v be_v â—ufficient_a to_o have_v overwhelm_v the_o whole_a earth_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v take_v from_o land_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o part_n of_o the_o land_n raise_v up_o above_o the_o water_n three_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o ship_n carry_v with_o the_o like_a wind_n be_v drive_v so_o swift_o from_o the_o port_n into_o the_o open_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o port_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o a_o ship_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o a_o high_a place_n shall_v be_v move_v slow_a than_o if_o it_o come_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a four_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v a_o most_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n to_o flow_v always_o to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o gather_v that_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o which_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o land_n must_v needs_o be_v low_a otherwise_o the_o water_n in_o run_v thither_o shall_v not_o descend_v but_o ascend_v this_o opinion_n i_o hold_v far_o more_o probable_a as_o be_v back_v by_o reason_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o best_a philosopher_n yet_o not_o altogether_o exact_o true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o bartholomew_n keckerman_n in_o a_o late_a german_a writer_n hold_v these_o 2_o former_a opposite_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o equal_a balance_n labour_v a_o reconciliation_n in_o a_o diverse_a respect_n say_v he_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a and_o that_o it_o be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v high_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o border_n to_o which_o it_o so_o come_v that_o sensible_o it_o swell_v to_o a_o globe_n or_o a_o circumference_n and_o so_o at_o length_n in_o the_o middle_n raise_v up_o itself_o and_o obtain_v a_o great_a height_n then_o in_o those_o part_n where_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o decline_v towards_o the_o shore_n of_o which_o part_n the_o hight_a sufferâ—_n such_o a_o decrease_n that_o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o shore_n they_o shall_v approach_v by_o so_o much_o the_o low_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o somuch_o that_o touch_v the_o shore_n itself_o it_o be_v much_o low_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o opinion_n our_o author_n pretend_v a_o demonstration_n which_o he_o ground_n on_o the_o 4_o chapter_n of_o aristotle_n de_fw-fr caelum_fw-la in_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o put_v down_o these_o two_o position_n which_o he_o call_v hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n first_o that_o the_o water_n no_o less_o concur_v to_o the_o make_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o circle_n than_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o so_o descend_v natural_o that_o it_o do_v sensible_o gather_v itself_o together_o and_o make_v a_o swell_a as_o we_o see_v in_o small_a drop_n cast_v on_o the_o ground_n second_o the_o water_n make_v a_o circle_n which_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o these_o ground_n will_v our_o keckerman_n conclude_v the_o water_n in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v high_a in_o other_o place_n to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o hence_o proceed_v he_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o their_o reason_n who_o have_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o proposition_n or_o conclusion_n we_o will_v show_v hereafter_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a space_n i_o hold_v this_o conclusion_n not_o right_o infer_v out_o of_o these_o premise_n for_o first_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o water_n by_o nature_n be_v apt_a to_o gaher_n itself_o round_o into_o a_o orb_n or_o sphere_n i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o a_o rood_n body_n have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o world_n or_o a_o diverse_a centre_n he_o can_v say_v that_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a centre_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o our_o first_o part_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n have_v but_o one_o centre_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v concentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n second_o from_o the_o second_o proposition_n or_o ground_n of_o he_o out_o of_o aristotle_n if_o he_o mean_v such_o a_o sphaericity_n as_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o he_o contradict_v himself_o because_o he_o give_v a_o instance_n in_o small_a drop_n cast_v on_o the_o ground_n who_o quantity_n be_v so_o small_a and_o convexity_n sensible_a can_v in_o no_o man_n judgement_n be_v concentric_a to_o the_o earth_n second_o out_o of_o this_o ground_n that_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concentric_a to_o the_o earth_n he_o confute_v himself_o for_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n in_o a_o sphere_n or_o circle_n all_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n must_v be_v equal_a then_o must_v all_o place_n in_o the_o circumference_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n be_v of_o equal_a height_n from_o the_o centre_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o sea_n be_v such_o a_o spherical_a body_n can_v have_v that_o inequality_n which_o keckerman_n imagine_v it_o to_o have_v wherefore_o some_o other_o demonstation_n must_v be_v seek_v for_o this_o conclusion_n i_o will_v go_v no_o further_o then_o that_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n where_o i_o have_v probable_o show_v it_o to_o be_v conicall_a and_o out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o gather_v how_o it_o may_v be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n in_o some_o place_n as_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o great_a sea_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o cone_n be_v lift_v high_o in_o other_o low_a as_o in_o the_o narrow_a streit_n where_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o eminency_n be_v also_o less_o the_o ground_n and_o principle_n of_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v before_o 1_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o beside_o the_o natural_a conformity_n of_o the_o water_n to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n as_o we_o have_v foreshowed_n whence_o one_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v high_a than_o another_o we_o must_v needs_o in_o the_o sea_n acknowledge_v other_o accidental_a cause_n which_o produce_v a_o inequality_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o chief_a whereoâ—_n be_v the_o equality_n of_o inclination_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o whereof_o itself_o equal_o incline_v to_o motion_n be_v notwithstanding_o unequal_o receive_v into_o channel_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o large_a dominion_n to_o invade_v as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n it_o fall_v low_a and_o evener_n in_o some_o other_o place_n as_o streite_n or_o narrow_a sea_n the_o water_n have_v a_o large_a entrance_n from_o the_o ocean_n but_o little_a or_o no_o passage_n through_o it_o must_v needs_o swell_v high_a and_o so_o one_o place_n by_o accident_n become_v high_a or_o low_a than_o another_o which_o far_a to_o confirm_v diverse_a instance_n may_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o modern_a and_o ancient_a observation_n for_o diverse_a history_n give_v testimony_n that_o sundry_a king_n of_o egypt_n by_o cut_v the_o isthmus_n or_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o red_a sea_n &_o the_o mediterranean_a labour_v to_o make_v africa_n a_o island_n &_o open_a passage_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o but_o afterward_o they_o be_v persuade_v to_o desi_v from_o their_o enterprise_n some_o say_v because_o they_o see_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o be_v high_a than_o many_o part_n of_o egypt_n and_o hereupon_o fear_v a_o general_a inundation_n of_o all_o egypt_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v break_v open_a other_o have_v deliver_v that_o they_o fear_v that_o if_o the_o passage_n from_o one_o unto_o another_o be_v break_v open_a and_o the_o red_a sea_n have_v a_o vent_n that_o way_n the_o red_a sea_n will_v become_v so_o shallow_a that_o man_n may_v wade_v over_o it_o and_o so_o instead_o of_o make_v africa_n a_o island_n it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n then_o before_o both_o opinion_n consent_v in_o this_o that_o the_o water_n
of_o the_o red_a sea_n be_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a find_v high_a than_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a moreover_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o america_n common_o call_v mare_n del_n zur_n be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n which_o border_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o some_o that_o the_o isthmus_n betwixt_o panama_n and_o nombre_n dâ—_n dios_n have_v be_v long_o since_o cut_v through_o to_o have_v make_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n without_o sail_v so_o â—arre_o about_o by_o the_o strait_n of_o magellane_n have_v not_o many_o inconvenience_n be_v fear_v out_o of_o the_o inequality_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n the_o like_a inequality_n be_v observe_v by_o verstegan_n in_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n for_o according_a to_o his_o conjecture_n france_n and_o england_n be_v one_o continent_n heretofore_o and_o join_v by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o dover_n and_o callais_n the_o water_n on_o one_o side_n be_v high_a than_o on_o the_o other_o which_o he_o probable_o collect_v out_o of_o the_o sundry_a flat_n and_o shallows_n at_o this_o day_n appear_v on_o the_o east_n side_n as_o well_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n as_o of_o flanders_n especial_o between_o dover_n and_o calais_n call_v by_o some_o our_o lady_n sand_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n out_o of_o which_o and_o sundry_a other_o probability_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o low-countries_n be_v heretofore_o enuelope_v with_o the_o sea_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o narrow_a land_n be_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n cut_v through_o and_o the_o water_n allow_v a_o free_a passage_n it_o become_v dry_a land_n but_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a 4_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o termination_n be_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n within_o certain_a limit_n 5_o the_o limit_v be_v the_o margin_n or_o border_n of_o land_n wherein_o any_o sea_n be_v circumscribe_v the_o sea_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o land_n as_o the_o land_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o termination_n some_o sea_n be_v call_v main_a sea_n other_o narrow_a the_o main_a sea_n be_v four_o to_o wiâ—_n the_o atlantic_a which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n by_o which_o on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o pass_v and_o divide_v europe_n and_o africa_n from_o america_n two_o the_o aethiopian_a sea_n run_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o aethiopia_n 3_o the_o indian_a sea_n have_v the_o east_n indies_n on_o the_o north_n 4_o mare_fw-la del_fw-it zur_n or_o the_o south_n sea_n situate_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o america_n which_o four_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o may_v be_v call_v main_a ocean_n the_o lesser_a seaâ—_n be_v either_o call_v creek_n or_o streit_n a_o creek_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v embosom_v itself_o into_o the_o land_n have_v a_o â—ntrance_n large_a from_o the_o ocean_n and_o most_o common_o streytn_v inward_o but_o no_o passage_n through_o a_o creek_n again_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a under_o the_o former_a in_o a_o large_a sense_n may_v we_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a mediterranean_a sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o â—ea_n from_o the_o mainâ—_n atlantic_a ocean_n by_o a_o inlet_n be_v ingulf_v into_o it_o but_o find_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o other_o way_n howsoever_o it_o invade_v a_o large_a territory_n the_o lesser_a creek_n be_v again_o distinguish_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a the_o chief_a creek_n find_v out_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v six_o in_o number_n 1._o sinus_n magnus_fw-la which_o lie_v betwixt_o mangus_n and_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la teach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o region_n of_o chalâ—iâ—_n 2._o sinus_n gangâ—ticus_n which_o be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o aurea_n chersonesus_n and_o india_n intra_fw-la gangem_fw-la 3_o sinus_n canthi_n common_o call_v canthi-colpus_a 4._o sinus_n persicus_n border_v on_o persia_n and_o call_v by_o plutarch_n the_o babylonian_a sea_n 5._o sinus_n arabicus_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o red_a sâ—a_n 6._o sinus_n barbaricus_n which_o by_o pliny_n be_v term_v sinus_n trâ—gloditicus_n &_o at_o this_o day_n golpho_n de_fw-fr melinde_n the_o creek_n lie_v westward_o be_v chief_o these_o first_o sinus_n sarmaticus_n lie_v towards_o the_o north_n between_o denmark_n and_o normay_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o sinus_n sinnicus_fw-la and_o bodiâ—us_fw-la which_o be_v call_v common_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 2_o sinus_n granuicus_fw-la divide_v the_o muscovite_n from_o the_o câ—relij_fw-la northward_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o white_a sea_n 3_o sinus_n mexicanus_n border_v on_o the_o city_n of_o mexico_n in_o america_n among_o these_o some_o will_v number_v mare_fw-la pacificum_fw-la or_o mare_n dâ—l_v zur_n but_o this_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v a_o main_a sea_n than_o a_o creek_n be_v extraordinary_o large_a in_o quantity_n a_o strait_n be_v a_o narrow_a sea_n between_o two_o land_n of_o such_o strait_o these_o be_v ancient_o know_v to_o wit_n 1_o fretum_n graditanum_fw-la or_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n of_o 7_o mile_n distance_n divide_v spain_n from_o barbary_n 2_o fretum_n magellanniâ—un_v find_v out_o by_o magellane_n which_o divide_v aâ—erica_n pâ—ruana_n from_o the_o southern_a land_n 3_o fretum_n anian_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o america_n &_o the_o eastern_a border_n of_o tartary_n beside_o these_o there_o have_v be_v discover_v 3_o more_o to_o wit_n 1_o pretum_fw-la davis_n find_v out_o by_o captain_n davis_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o which_o lie_v towards_o groenland_n â—_o fretum_n nâ—sovicum_n or_o way_n gate_n near_o nova_fw-la zembla_n discover_v by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 3_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n find_v out_o by_o william_n schouteâ—_n a_o bavarian_a take_v his_o name_n from_o isaaâ—_n le_fw-fr mâ—yre_n by_o who_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n he_o undertake_v hiâ—_n voyage_n but_o some_o of_o these_o lattâ—â—_n streit_v here_o mention_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v may_v better_a be_v reckon_v among_o creek_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v any_o passage_n through_o though_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o danger_n they_o have_v often_o attempt_v the_o discovery_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n we_o will_v insert_v thâ—se_a theorem_n 1_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry_a land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a that_o most_o part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o north_n will_v easy_o appear_v by_o instance_n for_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v place_v the_o great_a continent_n of_o europe_n asia_n almost_o all_o africa_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n but_o in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n we_o find_v only_o a_o little_a part_n of_o africa_n &_o america_n beside_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v to_o be_v so_o great_a in_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o placeâ—_n at_o the_o first_o discovery_n be_v common_o describe_v great_a than_o they_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o first_o draught_n be_v always_o confuse_a and_o unperfect_a wherein_o a_o region_n discover_v itself_o unto_o we_o under_o a_o more_o simple_a figure_n neglect_v curiosity_n but_o after_o a_o long_o and_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o any_o region_n will_v be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n ingulf_v with_o diverse_a bay_n and_o various_o indent_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o bind_v line_n compass_v it_o round_o make_v a_o inordinate_a figure_n and_o less_o regular_a can_v contain_v so_o much_o land_n as_o first_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o promise_v moreover_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o the_o first_o discovery_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o main_a continent_n or_o at_o least_o for_o some_o great_a part_n of_o land_n have_v afterward_o upon_o more_o curious_a examination_n be_v find_v cleave_v into_o many_o lesser_a land_n as_o in_o america_n cuba_n in_o the_o time_n of_o columbus_n and_o california_n of_o late_a think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o so_o describe_v almost_o in_o all_o our_o map_n yet_o since_o by_o a_o spanish_a chart_n take_v by_o the_o hollander_n discover_v to_o be_v a_o island_n the_o like_a instance_n we_o have_v in_o terra_fw-la del_fw-it fuogâ—_n which_o since_o the_o time_n magellan_n be_v hold_v a_o part_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n till_o schouten_n by_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o find_v it_o divide_v from_o the_o main_a lâ—nd_n by_o frâ—â—um_fw-la de_fw-fr mayre_n
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n but_o many_o unprofitable_a &_o hateful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o mean_n of_o this_o transportation_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v st_n augustine_n with_o some_o other_o divine_n have_v be_v drive_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n as_o if_o almighty_a god_n shall_v perform_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n which_o answer_v we_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o imagine_v that_o god_n who_o use_v natural_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o ark_n shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o these_o creature_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o reason_n will_v seem_v better_o answer_v out_o of_o our_o ground_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o afterward_o break_v from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o proceed_v then_o from_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a cause_n second_o this_o obedientiall_a aptness_n be_v common_o understand_v of_o a_o creature_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o creator_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v as_o to_o create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o thing_n again_o into_o nothing_o but_o this_o although_o it_o be_v above_o nature_n yet_o no_o way_n contradict_v nature_n and_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o creator_n shall_v annihilate_v any_o creature_n then_o let_v it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o motion_n against_o nature_n moreover_o 〈◊〉_d we_o due_o consider_v nature_n in_o her_o course_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o low_a &_o elemental_a body_n only_o concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o one_o another_o by_o follow_v their_o own_o private_a inclination_n for_o the_o whole_a be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
to_o aristotle_n ground_n be_v by_o a_o tenne-fold_n proportion_v thin_a than_o the_o water_n moreover_o the_o air_n in_o these_o place_n seat_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o high_a than_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequent_a near_a the_o sun_n shall_v rather_o be_v rarify_v and_o thicken_v because_o heat_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v for_o these_o opinion_n they_o be_v draw_v only_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o assertion_n which_o hold_v that_o fountain_n be_v derive_v either_o from_o rain_n water_n or_o from_o the_o sea_n both_o which_o we_o have_v examine_v brief_o and_o whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o school_n of_o conimbra_n not_o utter_o reject_v all_o the_o former_a opinion_n have_v undertake_v to_o forgo_v a_o opinion_n as_o it_o be_v partake_v of_o all_o pretend_v to_o say_v something_o more_o when_o indeed_o they_o produce_v nothing_o beside_o the_o former_a their_o assertion_n they_o have_v set_v down_o in_o eight_o proposition_n which_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o and_o then_o censure_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o subterranean_a place_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n distinguish_v into_o river_n pond_n and_o lake_n this_o they_o prove_v from_o the_o daily_a experiment_n of_o such_o as_o dig_v diverse_a well_n and_o deppe_a trench_n in_o the_o earth_n who_o many_o time_n under_o the_o earth_n find_v not_o only_o many_o river_n and_o pond_n but_o many_o time_n happen_v upon_o so_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o find_v the_o bottom_n or_o bound_n thereof_o to_o this_o they_o add_v a_o experiment_n of_o philip_n and_o macedon_n record_v by_o asclepiadorâ—â—_n who_o cause_v many_o man_n expert_a in_o dig_v of_o metal_n to_o be_v let_v down_o into_o a_o old_a and_o forsake_a mine_n to_o search_v out_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o covetousness_n of_o antiquity_n have_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o posterity_n these_o man_n use_v great_a light_n be_v say_v to_o have_v find_v nothing_o there_o but_o great_a and_o vast_a river_n and_o great_a receptacle_n of_o water_n this_o they_o also_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o and_o sudden_a eruption_n and_o break_v out_o of_o water_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o this_o first_o position_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o true_a enough_o seem_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o which_o be_v this_o that_o when_o god_n in_o the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n separate_v the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n and_o hide_v it_o in_o the_o cavern_n and_o secret_a receptacle_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o same_o time_n disperse_v into_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n by_o diverse_a occult_a passage_n and_o channel_n whence_o come_v that_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n under_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o mention_v this_o they_o seem_v to_o persuade_v by_o reason_n for_o say_v they_o as_o the_o wise_a architect_n of_o all_o for_o man_n sake_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n have_v discover_v the_o dry_a land_n by_o restrain_v all_o the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n so_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v inward_o water_v the_o earth_n by_o which_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n &_o other_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v in_o time_n grow_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o some_o water_n shall_v from_o hence_o break_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o diverse_a cause_n hereafter_o specify_v final_o as_o philo-iudaeus_a affirm_v for_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o may_v by_o drought_n be_v separate_v and_o divide_v the_o three_o proposition_n ground_v on_o the_o two_o former_a be_v this_o that_o many_o river_n and_o fountain_n in_o diverse_a place_n by_o god_n decree_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o quantity_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o prove_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o utility_n of_o such_o fountain_n and_o river_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n four_o they_o defend_v that_o all_o fountain_n and_o current_n be_v not_o so_o make_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n because_o history_n &_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o many_o have_v break_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n afterward_o whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o fiâ—tly_o they_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o fountain_n and_o flood_n it_o can_v be_v approve_v for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o seem_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o three_o opinion_n how_o such_o river_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o such_o vapour_n as_o also_o because_o many_o argument_n and_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n seem_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n as_o also_o the_o four_o river_n of_o paradise_n create_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v guess_v to_o draw_v their_o original_n from_o such_o vapour_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v to_o which_o accord_n many_o ancient_a father_n upon_o these_o place_n recite_v in_o that_o opinion_n whereas_o all_o river_n be_v think_v to_o fetch_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n six_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o aver_v that_o although_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v verify_v of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o some_o such_o perpetual_a current_n it_o may_v have_v probability_n for_o asmuch_o aswe_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o many_o such_o large_a cavern_n and_o hole_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o no_o small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n may_v be_v engender_v this_o probability_n be_v great_a in_o those_o river_n which_o be_v lesser_a in_o quantity_n then_o the_o great_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o show_v seven_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o not_o only_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v derive_v from_o subterranean_a water_n which_o have_v original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o less_o fountain_n and_o spring_n for_o the_o most_o part_n challenge_v the_o same_o beginning_n whence_o they_o labour_v to_o prove_v by_o this_o reason_n that_o in_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v find_v so_o perpetual_a and_o apt_a disposition_n of_o vapour_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n eight_o say_v they_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o water_n aswell_o proceed_v from_o rain_n as_o that_o which_o be_v generate_v of_o vapour_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n sometime_o may_v flow_v into_o fountain_n and_o river_n what_o concern_v torrent_n breed_v of_o rain_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o opinion_n for_o other_o they_o make_v it_o also_o probable_a because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o vapour_n and_o air_n compass_v about_o with_o earth_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a environ_v it_o turn_v into_o water_n this_o be_v indeed_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o subtle_a jesuit_n of_o conimbra_n wherein_o although_o they_o give_v a_o flourish_n as_o if_o they_o will_v defend_v their_o master_n aristotle_n on_o who_o they_o comment_v yet_o mean_v they_o nothing_o less_o but_o indeed_o wary_o stick_v to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o divine_n and_o ancient_a father_n of_o the_o church_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o all_o 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o sea_n which_o opinion_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o most_o probable_a they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o manage_v and_o defend_v against_o opposition_n for_o whereas_o they_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o first_o sepâ—â—tion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry-land_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v disperse_v into_o diverse_a hollow_a place_n &_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o river_n be_v derive_v and_o make_v they_o have_v not_o in_o any_o probable_a manner_n express_v how_o this_o water_n shall_v perpetual_o flow_v and_o feed_v so_o many_o &_o great_a current_n for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v of_o these_o learned_a father_n whether_o the_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o these_o spring_n be_v feed_v be_v high_o or_o low_a than_o the_o fountain_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v high_a whether_o the_o river_n be_v continual_o nourish_v on_o the_o old_a store_n or_o a_o new_a supply_n be_v daily_o make_v that_o so_o great_a river_n shall_v be_v maintain_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n out_o of_o the_o old_a provision_n be_v most_o improbable_a because_o the_o
mountain_n out_o of_o which_o such_o spring_n arise_v can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o great_a a_o concavity_n neither_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o many_o great_a river_n since_o the_o beginning_n have_v either_o be_v absolute_o dry_v up_o or_o at_o least_o diminish_v in_o their_o quantity_n their_o cistern_n be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o empty_v out_o into_o their_o channel_n if_o they_o grant_v that_o of_o this_o water_n a_o fresh_a supply_n be_v make_v it_o must_v be_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o vapour_n in_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o the_o fountain_n where_o spring_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o see_v they_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n from_o their_o fountain_n as_o from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n that_o this_o supply_n of_o water_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o vapour_n it_o be_v also_o improbable_a in_o their_o opinion_n who_o can_v imagine_v so_o many_o engender_v in_o one_o place_n as_o to_o feed_v so_o great_a current_n as_o also_o because_o many_o river_n be_v apparent_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o the_o four_o great_a current_n of_o paradise_n this_o objection_n have_v so_o far_o drive_v the_o jesuit_n to_o their_o shift_n as_o that_o they_o have_v be_v enforce_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n who_o dream_v that_o the_o water_n be_v enforce_v upwards_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o they_o a_o little_a before_o â—ast_v by_o and_o we_o have_v before_o sufficient_o refute_v and_o whereas_o in_o the_o subsequent_a clause_n they_o labour_v to_o salve_v this_o place_n of_o ecclesiastes_n that_o all_o river_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o return_v thither_o again_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o old_a ground_n and_o â—unne_v back_o to_o aristotle_n who_o hold_v that_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o vapour_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n whereof_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o chief_a mother_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v at_o least_o that_o we_o shall_v disclose_v our_o own_o opinion_n have_v censure_v the_o former_a which_o we_o will_v brief_o do_v as_o near_o as_o probability_n can_v lead_v we_o submit_v also_o to_o those_o which_o be_v more_o judicious_a first_o therefore_o we_o will_v suppose_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n compass_v round_o about_o with_o water_n for_o howsoever_o the_o place_n more_o eminent_a and_o separate_v for_o our_o habitation_n be_v dry_a land_n yet_o not_o far_o under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o tread_v be_v the_o earth_n sprinkle_v round_o with_o water_n for_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o argument_n aswell_o from_o the_o porous_a and_o spungy_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o drink_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o height_n because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n to_o diffuse_v itself_o abroad_o as_o also_o from_o experience_n of_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n who_o in_o most_o part_n find_v water_n 2_o this_o water_n so_o environ_v the_o earth_n be_v it_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o natural_a situation_n without_o a_o external_a agent_n will_v lift_v his_o superficies_n no_o high_o than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o be_v as_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v challenge_v the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n now_o to_o know_v how_o the_o water_n thus_o natural_o settle_v be_v notwihtstand_v lift_v up_o high_a to_o become_v the_o source_n of_o spring_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v not_o only_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n pierce_a farte_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n we_o have_v allot_v to_o the_o water_n but_o also_o to_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o sulphurous_a matter_n set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sun_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n whether_o this_o sulphurous_a matter_n be_v pure_a brimstone_n or_o bitumen_n or_o a_o mine_n of_o sea-coal_n as_o some_o have_v think_v of_o our_o baâ—hâ—s_n in_o england_n i_o will_v not_o curious_o here_o dispute_v be_v of_o itself_o too_o large_a a_o subject_n for_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o handle_v this_o heat_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o fountain_n 2_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o by_o draw_v up_o diverse_a moist_a vapour_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n and_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o present_o evaporate_v out_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v enforce_v to_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o diverse_a crooked_a passage_n where_o condensated_a by_o cold_a distil_v again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n they_o break_v out_o through_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o become_v a_o fountain_n a_o second_o way_n which_o may_v also_o seem_v probable_a be_v that_o the_o heat_n pierce_v the_o subterranean_a water_n though_o not_o able_a to_o dissolve_v much_o of_o it_o into_o vapour_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v notwithstanding_o through_o his_o heat_n rarify_v and_o attenuate_v these_o water_n these_o water_n then_o rarify_v must_v needs_o seek_v a_o great_a place_n wherein_o they_o may_v be_v contain_v since_o rarefaction_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n to_o a_o great_a place_n than_o before_o it_o occupy_v hence_o be_v the_o water_n enforce_v to_o enlarge_v his_o limit_n this_o enlargement_n or_o the_o place_n can_v be_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n because_o all_o that_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n can_v drink_v it_o wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o extend_v its_o limit_n sidewise_o or_o upward_o by_o the_o former_a of_o which_o it_o may_v find_v a_o passage_n to_o break_v forth_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o latter_a it_o may_v be_v lift_v high_a enough_o to_o run_v from_o the_o side_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n towards_o the_o seashore_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v ask_v why_o this_o rarefaction_n &_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o sensible_a in_o the_o open_a ocean_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o much_o rarify_v &_o lift_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o ebb_v and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o part_n we_o have_v before_o dispute_v second_o that_o the_o sea-water_n shall_v not_o rise_v so_o high_a as_o other_o water_n under_o the_o ground_n these_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v first_o that_o the_o ocean_n have_v a_o large_a channel_n to_o run_v abroad_o on_o either_o side_n and_o so_o this_o swell_a must_v of_o necessity_n become_v more_o insensible_a whereas_o the_o water_n in_o cavern_n &_o concavity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v oftentimes_o straight_o bound_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n must_v of_o necessity_n take_v up_o the_o more_o in_o height_n and_o eminency_n 2_o the_o sun_n heavenly_a body_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n work_v more_o strong_o and_o effectual_o on_o the_o open_a nakedness_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o on_o the_o water_n hide_v under_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o shroud_v from_o such_o a_o extreme_a heat_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o consume_v and_o dispel_v by_o the_o same_o whereas_o this_o heat_n in_o the_o subterranean_a water_n be_v more_o moderate_o impress_v do_v not_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o consume_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n but_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a temper_n rather_o rarefy_v it_o to_o the_o use_n forename_a this_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o spring_v water_n rise_v common_o in_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n thin_a than_o the_o sea-water_n as_o experience_n daily_a warrant_n three_o the_o subterranean_a vapour_n be_v soon_o dissolve_v into_o drop_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a they_o must_v necessary_o meet_v within_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o other_o from_o the_o sea_n meet_v with_o no_o such_o encounter_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o middle-region_n of_o the_o air_n whence_o they_o return_v again_o in_o shower_n of_o rain_n 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n many_o history_n may_v be_v produce_v it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o caria_n near_o about_o the_o city_n lorus_n there_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n
sudden_o a_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n bring_v out_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o creature_n and_o fish_n of_o which_o be_v fat_v under_o the_o earth_n whosoever_o chance_v to_o eat_v die_v present_o the_o like_a be_v report_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n at_o a_o certain_a city_n of_o phrygia_n name_v apamea_n there_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n many_o new_a lake_n fountain_n brook_n and_o that_o one_o river_n spring_v up_o very_a salt_n which_o bring_v up_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oyster_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n although_o the_o city_n apamea_n be_v very_o far_o off_o from_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v report_v by_o nicolaus_n damascene_fw-la also_o cardinal_n contarenus_n testify_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o element_n that_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n be_v in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n of_o water_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o the_o city_n have_v well_o near_o turn_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v and_o dam_n well_o order_v why_o this_o sudden_a change_n shall_v sometime_o happen_v many_o reason_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o of_o some_o sudden_a ruin_n or_o fall_v down_o of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n be_v one_o way_n stop_v must_v needs_o seek_v out_o a_o passage_n some_o other_o way_n this_o sometime_o happen_v in_o great_a earthquake_n as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o theophrastus_n that_o in_o the_o mountain_n coricus_n after_o a_o earthquake_n many_o new_a spring_n and_o fountain_n discover_v themselves_o another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v give_v from_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o oftentimes_o stop_v and_o hinder_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o water_n enforce_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o new_a passage_n hence_o the_o foresay_a theophrastus_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o a_o city_n of_o crete_n the_o fountain_n be_v stop_v up_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n betake_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n so_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o so_o much_o shake_v and_o move_v as_o before_o a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o waste_n or_o cut_v down_o of_o great_a wood_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o plant_n to_o suck_v to_o themselves_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o one_o place_n but_o these_o tree_n cut_v down_o or_o remove_v the_o water_n course_n must_v needs_o be_v alter_v 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o many_o historical_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o river_n timanus_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aquilia_n of_o erasenus_fw-la in_o argolica_fw-la padus_n in_o the_o alps_n more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o of_o the_o river_n guadiava_fw-fr in_o spain_n which_o run_v under_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 13_o league_n and_o near_o to_o a_o town_n call_v villa_n horta_n break_v up_o again_o the_o like_a be_v record_v of_o eurotaâ—_n in_o arcadia_n which_o be_v say_v to_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lacedamon_n so_o cadmus_n asia_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o hole_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o far_o from_o laodicea_n so_o pirate_n in_o catonia_n licus_n in_o libanon_n orontes_n in_o syria_n other_o river_n be_v think_v to_o have_v find_v a_o secret_a passage_n under_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o as_o a_o river_n have_v his_o fountain_n in_o the_o mountain_n meiaâ—es_v which_o be_v convey_v in_o a_o blind_a channel_n under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v forth_o again_o at_o the_o port_n of_o pâ—normus_n so_o other_o report_n of_o alpheus_n which_o be_v drown_v underground_o near_o the_o peloponnesian_a shore_n take_v a_o large_a journey_n under_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o arrive_v at_o syracuse_n where_o it_o end_v in_o arethuse_n which_o bring_v forth_o they_o say_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o well_o of_o aesculapius_n in_o athens_n wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v they_o be_v render_v again_o in_o phalericus_fw-la but_o this_o last_o i_o rather_o hold_v as_o a_o poetical_a fiction_n than_o a_o true_a history_n some_o river_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o whole_o drown_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o for_o some_o part_n aâ—_n a_o part_n of_o the_o rhâ—nâ—_n which_o be_v hide_v about_o four_o thousand_o pace_n from_o the_o city_n cauba_n and_o show_v itself_o again_o before_o it_o come_v to_o bonna_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o part_n of_o danuâ—ius_n which_o hide_v itself_o about_o greina_fw-la a_o town_n of_o panonia_n superior_a some_o river_n there_o be_v again_o which_o be_v not_o drink_v up_o immediate_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o of_o certain_a great_a lake_n into_o which_o they_o fall_v as_o jordan_n of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n some_o lake_n again_o have_v swallow_v up_o river_n as_o it_o be_v vomit_v they_o forth_o again_o as_o rubresius_fw-la cast_v out_o araâ—e_a in_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n and_o so_o lemanus_n the_o river_n rhodanus_n in_o the_o same_o province_n also_o in_o italy_n lorus_n cast_v out_o abdua_n eupilus_fw-la lambre_n fucinus_n marcia_n 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a enough_o out_o of_o diverse_a instance_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n for_o all_o geographer_n will_v give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o iâ—dia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mountain_n caâ—casus_n tanais_n from_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n in_o sarmaâ—ia_n araxis_fw-la from_o panardes_n in_o armenia_n po_n from_o the_o vesusian_a hill_n in_o liguria_n danubius_n from_o arnobia_n in_o germany_n exesus_fw-la in_o norico_fw-la from_o the_o mountain_n elachia_n isara_n from_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n towards_o france_n and_o durias_n towards_o italy_n from_o thence_o so_o from_o the_o herminian_n mountain_n in_o portugal_n be_v derive_v three_o great_a river_n so_o nilus_n in_o africa_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n these_o river_n thus_o rise_v be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n for_o some_o have_v visible_a apparent_a spring_n and_o fountain_n other_o be_v derive_v from_o lake_n out_o of_o which_o they_o run_v as_o alba_n in_o prusia_n out_o of_o elbinga_n medoarus_fw-la &_o oxus_n out_o of_o two_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n near_o the_o alps_n rindacus_n from_o artinia_n a_o pool_n beside_o melitopolis_n the_o reason_n why_o river_n shall_v be_v engender_v in_o mountain_n and_o such_o high_a place_n may_v be_v give_v because_o they_o be_v make_v as_o we_o show_v before_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n rarify_n and_o attenuate_v the_o water_n and_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o high_a place_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o effectual_a then_o in_o low_a now_o for_o the_o second_o part_n it_o be_v plain_a to_o prove_v that_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n either_o make_v a_o passage_n from_o their_o fountain_n on_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o sea_n shore_n as_o nilus_n and_o danubius_n with_o other_o river_n or_o by_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n wherein_o they_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o 60_o great_a navigable_a river_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o danubius_n or_o at_o least_o be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o reduce_v again_o to_o their_o first_o mother_n which_o we_o may_v imagine_v of_o the_o river_n forspeak_v of_o drink_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n although_o all_o river_n as_o we_o show_v fall_n into_o the_o sea_n yet_o not_o all_o in_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o fashion_n if_o we_o respect_v their_o passage_n on_o the_o land_n for_o some_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o oâ—tium_fw-la or_o mouth_n whereof_o we_o have_v two_o notable_a example_n the_o first_o of_o a_o great_a river_n in_o brasill_n call_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o mouth_n of_o 40_o league_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o mariner_n may_v â—hence_o draw_v fresh_a water_n before_o they_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o land_n the_o other_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o run_v by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n &_o angolo_n which_o be_v six_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o pace_n broad_a where_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v carry_v with_o such_o a_o force_n that_o it_o sever_v the_o
wave_n &_o keep_v his_o own_o channel_n and_o render_v the_o shipp-man_n fresh_a water_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n water_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pace_n other_o great_a river_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o diverse_a ostia_n or_o inletts_n as_o rhine_n into_o the_o german_a ocean_n by_o three_o danubius_n into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n by_o 6_o indus_n into_o the_o judean_a sea_n by_o 7_o nilus_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a by_o 7_o great_a and_o famous_a passage_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a lake_n by_o 72_o gate_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a other_o we_o shall_v supply_v in_o our_o historical_a part_n 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n there_o be_v nothing_o wherein_o nature_n delight_v more_o in_o miraculous_a variety_n then_o in_o fountain_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o these_o admirable_a work_n of_o nature_n be_v infinite_a in_o these_o spring_n i_o will_v touch_v some_o which_o the_o better_a to_o effect_v i_o will_v reduce_v all_o to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o quality_n and_o operation_n 2_o their_o motion_n for_o the_o former_a we_o will_v produce_v some_o sew_v instance_n it_o be_v report_v that_o near_o the_o garamantes_n there_o be_v a_o fountain_n so_o cold_a in_o the_o day_n that_o no_o man_n can_v drink_v thereof_o so_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n that_o no_o man_n can_v abide_v to_o touch_v it_o there_o be_v another_o in_o india_n wherein_o a_o candle_n will_v burn_v there_o be_v also_o another_o call_v heretofore_o the_o well_o of_o jupiter_n hammon_n which_o in_o the_o morning_n be_v lukewarm_a at_o noon_n colâ—_n in_o the_o evening_n hot_a at_o midnight_n boil_v hot_a from_o whence_o again_o it_o begin_v to_o assuage_v till_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v by_o turn_v it_o grow_v hot_a and_o cold_a a_o matter_n of_o great_a admiration_n some_o fountain_n in_o liguria_n &_o paphlagonia_n be_v drink_v will_v make_v the_o head_n giddy_a as_o if_o he_o have_v drink_v wine_n another_o fountain_n in_o aranea_fw-la a_o part_n of_o arcadia_n be_v drink_v will_v so_o affect_v the_o taste_n that_o who_o drink_v it_o shall_v never_o afterward_o endure_v the_o taste_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v very_o like_o the_o fountain_n clitorius_n whereof_o ovid_n in_o his_o metamorphosis_n the_o last_o book_n sing_v in_o this_o manner_n clitorio_n quiounque_fw-la sitim_fw-la de_fw-la fonte_fw-la leuâ—â—is_fw-la vina_n fugit_fw-la gaudetque_fw-la meris_fw-la abstemius_fw-la undis_fw-la the_o ancient_n have_v also_o record_v that_o in_o boeotia_n near_o the_o river_n orchomenon_n be_v two_o fountain_n whereof_o the_o one_o get_v memory_n the_o other_o cause_v oblivion_n there_o be_v in_o the_o island_n cea_n a_o fountain_n make_v the_o sense_n dull_a another_o in_o aethiopia_n whereon_o the_o water_n drunken_a will_v make_v a_o man_n mad_a some_o water_n absolute_o kill_v he_o which_o drink_v as_o the_o river_n styx_n in_o arcadia_n be_v a_o venomous_a fret_a poison_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o poet_n feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o river_n in_o hell_n diverse_a other_o river_n be_v profitable_a to_o cure_v diverse_a disease_n of_o the_o body_n whereof_o i_o need_v not_o bring_v any_o instance_n because_o such_o new-found_a well_n be_v sometime_o discover_v â—â—ongst_a we_o here_o at_o home_n there_o be_v 2_o river_n in_o bâ—eotia_n of_o admirable_a virtue_n whereof_o the_o former_a if_o a_o sheep_n drink_v of_o it_o he_o will_v become_v yellow_a but_o if_o a_o sheep_n of_o a_o dun_a or_o yellow_a colour_n drink_v of_o the_o other_o he_o will_v become_v white_a rivers_n which_o make_v sheep_n white_a colour_v beside_o be_v neleus_n in_o euboea_n aliacâ—â—on_n in_o macedonia_n crathris_n in_o thurijs_fw-la so_o cerius_n in_o euboea_n auxius_fw-la in_o macedonia_n peneas_n in_o thessaly_n will_v make_v they_o black_a 〈◊〉_d will_v cause_v whiteness_n in_o ox_n so_o the_o river_n astaces_n in_o pontiâ—â—_n water_v the_o land_n whereby_o mare_n have_v their_o milk_n black_a among_o the_o region_n of_o the_o troglodyte_n there_o be_v a_o well_o which_o thrice_o a_o day_n will_v become_v sweet_a and_o bitter_a and_o again_o return_v to_o his_o former_a sweetness_n and_o so_o often_o again_o in_o the_o night_n this_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o variety_n of_o operation_n in_o these_o well_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o creature_n no_o less_o admirable_a variety_n be_v discover_v in_o observe_v of_o their_o diverse_a motion_n for_o some_o river_n overflowe_v their_o bank_n at_o some_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n 〈◊〉_d nilus_n in_o egypt_n euphrates_n in_o mesopotania_fw-la indâ—â—_n in_o indiâ—_n some_o fountain_n be_v carry_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o they_o cast_v up_o stone_n as_o mâ—rsia_n in_o phrygia_n and_o expel_v any_o weight_n as_o a_o certain_a one_o in_o arabia_n whereof_o the_o like_a be_v record_v to_o be_v in_o portugal_n some_o will_v swallow_v up_o any_o thing_n â—â—â—owne_v into_o they_o as_o one_o in_o portugal_n if_o we_o believe_v pliny_n some_o other_o although_o they_o be_v cold_a will_v seethe_v and_o seem_v to_o boilâ—_n aâ—_n the_o water_n oâ—_n the_o fire_n yet_o never_o cast_v out_o their_o water_n beyond_o their_o bâ—nkâ—â—_n but_o straightway_o swallow_v it_o up_o again_o as_o acidula_fw-la in_o albâ—gâ—â—â—_n and_o â—nother_n fountain_n in_o cappidociâ—_n name_v tiaâ—â—_n some_o there_o be_v which_o sometime_o rise_v and_o swell_v and_o other_o time_n fall_v again_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n as_o crater_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o fountain_n in_o italy_n call_v phâ—iana_n some_o well_n imitate_v the_o eb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o all_o increase_v and_o dimiâ—utions_n as_o one_o in_o caleâ—_n and_o the_o other_o near_o bordeaux_n in_o france_n some_o be_v contrariwise_o affect_v to_o the_o ebb_a &_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n flow_v when_o the_o sea_n â—bbs_v and_o eb_v when_o the_o sea_n flow_v as_o certain_a pit_n in_o spain_n some_o increase_n and_o diminish_v without_o any_o consent_n or_o agreement_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o well_o in_o tenodus_fw-la a_o island_n near_o troy_n in_o cantabria_n be_v three_o fountain_n distant_a 8_o foot_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o fall_v into_o one_o channel_n in_o a_o vast_a river_n which_o every_o day_n be_v dry_a twelve_o time_n and_o sometime_o twenty_o time_n other_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n purge_v &_o cleanse_v themselves_o cast_v out_o wood_n clay_n dirt_n and_o other_o matter_n wherewith_o they_o be_v defile_v as_o a_o well_o in_o the_o chersonesus_n of_o rhodes_n these_o and_o many_o more_o remarkable_a instance_n have_v our_o natural_a historian_n gather_v together_o whereof_o though_o some_o perhaps_o may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v forge_v of_o poet_n for_o pleasure_n or_o mistake_v for_o want_n of_o good_a discovery_n and_o observation_n yet_o must_v we_o not_o wrong_a antiquity_n so_o much_o as_o to_o reject_v all_o have_v in_o this_o subject_n enough_o to_o wonder_v at_o in_o ourowne_a country_n 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n it_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o time_n and_o nation_n almost_o in_o the_o world_n to_o choose_v out_o for_o a_o choice_a place_n for_o building_n of_o city_n their_o habitation_n near_o some_o great_a lake_n river_n or_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n which_o spring_v from_o the_o common_a observation_n of_o man_n who_o find_v such_o place_n to_o be_v more_o convenient_a this_o conveniency_n be_v show_v many_o way_n first_o because_o by_o mean_n of_o such_o water_n they_o have_v quick_a passage_n and_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n be_v able_a with_o more_o ease_n both_o to_o receive_v &_o to_o send_v forth_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n whence_o we_o see_v that_o such_o city_n as_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v common_o of_o all_o other_o the_o rich_a whereof_o we_o may_v give_v a_o instance_n almost_o in_o every_o country_n as_o of_o seville_a and_o lisbon_n in_o spain_n &_o portugal_n of_o all_o the_o city_n almost_o of_o the_o low-countries_n of_o paris_n in_o france_n whence_o no_o doubt_n grow_v that_o english_a proverb_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o good_a neighbour_n which_o may_v aswell_o be_v understand_v of_o any_o navigable_a river_n second_o such_o a_o site_n be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o purge_n away_o of_o all_o filth_n and_o excrement_n which_o can_v not_o with_o the_o like_a conveniency_n be_v so_o soon_o transport_v by_o land_n whence_o many_o man_n have_v labour_v to_o transport_v river_n far_o remote_a unto_o city_n three_o because_o such_o river_n and_o waâ—ry_a lake_n yield_v store_n of_o fish_n whereby_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v nourish_v and_o other_o creature_n the_o better_o preserve_v four_o no_o small_a commodity_n will_v accrow_v to_o a_o city_n by_o water_n near_o adjoin_v if_o it_o shall_v chance_v
it_o seem_v the_o same_o level_n this_o may_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o lake_n and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v a_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o empty_a and_o disburden_v themselves_o be_v overcharge_v with_o too_o much_o water_n chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plain_a region_n wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 1_o the_o second_o variation_n in_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v express_v in_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_a country_n a_o mountain_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n heap_v above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n a_o valley_n be_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o two_o mountain_n a_o plain_a be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v find_v no_o notable_a rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o external_a figurature_n into_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v very_o natural_a because_o every_o space_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o place_n near_o or_o about_o it_o must_v either_o rise_v high_o or_o fall_v low_o or_o at_o least_o must_v bear_v a_o equality_n where_o the_o former_a be_v admit_v there_o must_v needs_o be_v mountain_n swell_v high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a level_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o second_o be_v find_v the_o ground_n be_v indent_v with_o valley_n and_o concavity_n where_o the_o three_o be_v to_o be_v see_v there_o must_v be_v plain_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o howsoever_o plain_n absolute_o consider_v have_v a_o spherical_a surface_n for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o if_o the_o plain_n be_v large_a because_o they_o concur_v as_o circular_a segment_n to_o make_v up_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v call_v plain_n because_o they_o so_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n can_v perceive_v the_o spherical_a figurature_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o gramarian_n here_o curious_o distinguish_v between_o mons_fw-la or_o a_o mountain_n and_o collis_n or_o a_o hillock_n which_o be_v a_o little_a hill_n &_o also_o betwixt_o vallis_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o low_a parcel_n of_o ground_n betwixt_o two_o mountain_n and_o conuallis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o low_a space_n only_o bound_v on_o one_o part_n by_o a_o mountain_n which_o varro_n will_v have_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o cavata_n vallis_fw-la but_o these_o grammatical_a scruple_n be_v of_o small_a use_n to_o such_o as_o spend_v themselves_o on_o great_a matter_n because_o the_o ordinary_a &_o usual_a manner_n of_o speech_n even_o among_o the_o vulgar_a will_v shut_v out_o all_o mistake_n in_o this_o kind_n what_o deserve_v the_o study_n of_o â—_o topographer_n concern_v this_o shall_v be_v express_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o aswell_o divine_n as_o philosopher_n that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v extraordinary_o alter_v &_o deface_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o mountain_n &_o valley_n therein_o but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contradict_v by_o many_o reason_n first_o out_o of_o the_o text_n itself_o of_o genesis_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n over-flowed_n by_o 15_o cubit_n the_o high_a mountain_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o damascenus_n who_o report_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n many_o resort_v to_o a_o high_a mountain_n of_o armenia_n call_v baris_n where_o they_o save_v themselves_o which_o last_o clause_n although_o it_o express_o contradict_v the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o speak_v but_o of_o eight_o person_n that_o be_v save_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o such_o mountain_n be_v before_o the_o flood_n and_o therefore_o not_o make_v by_o it_o second_o have_v there_o follow_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o cause_v mountain_n as_o some_o imagine_v than_o shall_v not_o the_o same_o place_n after_o the_o flood_n retain_v their_o name_n bound_n and_o description_n which_o they_o do_v before_o the_o flood_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o find_v in_o that_o moses_n write_v of_o paradise_n &_o other_o place_n about_o 850_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v most_o exact_a in_o set_v down_o the_o name_n limit_n and_o whole_a description_n of_o they_o as_o though_o they_o have_v remain_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o day_n three_o have_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o raise_v up_o mountain_n in_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v without_o doubt_n have_v be_v forceable_a enough_o to_o have_v turn_v river_n and_o have_v change_v they_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o cast_v down_o and_o demolish_v the_o great_a city_n and_o building_n throw_v down_o and_o overwhelmed_n all_o plant_n and_o vegetal_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v have_v bury_v from_o all_o succeed_a time_n the_o memory_n of_o the_o former_a age_n so_o that_o little_a or_o nothing_o shall_v appear_v but_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o by_o sundry_a instance_n first_o that_o the_o river_n have_v still_o remain_v the_o same_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o place_n allege_v of_o genesis_n where_o moses_n speak_v of_o the_o site_n of_o paradise_n set_v down_o all_o the_o river_n of_o it_o exact_o especial_o tigris_n &_o euphrates_n out_o of_o the_o which_o we_o may_v easy_o gather_v in_o what_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n it_o stand_v have_v any_o thing_n be_v alter_v in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n it_o be_v likely_a moses_n will_v have_v specify_v it_o in_o this_o history_n that_o after_o age_n look_v for_o these_o place_n may_v not_o mistake_v or_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o relation_n second_o that_o it_o have_v not_o extinguish_v all_o building_n and_o ancient_a monument_n of_o the_o father_n before_o the_o flood_n may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o josephus_n a_o writer_n of_o good_a credit_n who_o affirm_v that_o he_o see_v one_o of_o the_o pillar_n erect_v by_o seth_n the_o second_o from_o adam_n which_o pillar_n be_v set_v up_o above_o 1426_o year_n before_o the_o flood_n account_v seth_n to_o be_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a at_o the_o erection_n of_o they_o and_o josephus_n himself_o to_o have_v live_v some_o 40_o or_o 50_o year_n after_o christ_n now_o although_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o credit_v all_o thar_z he_o relate_v yet_o may_v we_o trust_v he_o concern_v such_o matter_n as_o happen_v in_o his_o time_n and_o that_o this_o pillar_n be_v set_v up_o by_o seth_n be_v never_o yet_o call_v in_o question_n but_o warrant_v by_o antiquity_n the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o berosus_n of_o the_o city_n of_o enoch_n that_o it_o be_v not_o demolish_v by_o the_o flood_n but_o remain_v many_o year_n after_o the_o ruin_n whereof_o as_o annius_n in_o his_o commentary_n report_v be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o time_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n of_o castille_n it_o be_v also_o report_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n that_o the_o city_n of_o joppa_n be_v build_v before_o the_o flood_n of_o which_o cepha_n be_v king_n who_o name_n with_o his_o brother_n phineus_n together_o with_o the_o ground_n and_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n be_v find_v grave_v upon_o altar_n of_o stone_n all_o which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n not_o to_o have_v be_v so_o great_a to_o demolish_v all_o mountain_n and_o monument_n moreover_o it_o may_v be_v plain_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o text_n that_o the_o water_n suffer_v the_o plant_n and_o tree_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o grow_v and_o remain_v as_o they_o do_v before_o because_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o noah_n the_o second_o time_n send_v out_o the_o dove_n she_o return_v with_o a_o olive_n branch_n in_o her_o mouth_n which_o no_o doubt_n she_o have_v pluck_v from_o the_o tree_n after_o the_o tree_n be_v uncover_v for_o otherwise_o she_o may_v the_o first_o time_n have_v find_v it_o float_v on_o the_o water_n a_o manifest_a proof_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o tear_v up_o by_o the_o root_n or_o turn_v topsy_n turuy_o but_o remain_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o they_o do_v before_o four_o have_v the_o water_n suffer_v this_o extreme_a violent_a motion_n as_o whereby_o it_o may_v make_v many_o mountain_n i_o ask_v whence_o this_o motion_n shall_v come_v it_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v to_o move_v downward_o for_o what_o descent_n of_o water_n can_v be_v in_o a_o spherical_a round_a body_n where_o no_o part_n be_v high_a or_o low_a that_o
of_o river_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o river_n be_v high_a at_o the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n then_o at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n now_o although_o water_n be_v apt_a to_o slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o in_o great_a river_n especial_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v oftentimes_o with_o violence_n as_o at_o the_o cataract_n of_o nile_n much_o inequality_n must_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n suppose_v yet_o the_o water_n for_o every_o mile_n to_o gain_v two_o foot_n in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o height_n very_o near_o to_o equalise_v the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n although_o 2_o foot_n in_o a_o mile_n be_v far_o less_o than_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o so_o great_a a_o river_n the_o river_n which_o i_o take_v for_o a_o example_n shall_v be_v nilus_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o run_v about_o 50_o degree_n from_o south_n to_o north_n which_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v 3000_o account_v for_o every_o mile_n 2_o foot_n we_o shall_v have_v 6000_o foot_n which_o will_v be_v near_o these_o 10_o furlong_n be_v a_o mile_n and_o 5_o part_n then_o allow_v for_o these_o mighty_a cataract_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n we_o must_v reckon_v a_o number_n of_o foot_n far_o great_a than_o this_o measure_n for_o every_o mile_n must_v the_o height_n of_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n be_v much_o more_o than_o of_o the_o mountain_n 4_o mountainous_a region_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o other_o plain_a country_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o absolute_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o limitation_n for_o some_o plain_a country_n near_o the_o arctic_a pole_n may_v be_v cold_a than_o some_o hilly_a region_n near_o the_o aequatour_n in_o regard_n of_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n but_o here_o we_o speak_v as_o the_o logician_n use_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la compare_v two_o place_n either_o together_o like_a or_o not_o much_o different_a or_o at_o least_o in_o our_o understanding_n abstract_v they_o from_o the_o mixture_n of_o all_o other_o consideration_n that_o this_o theorem_a be_v worthy_a credit_n diverse_a reason_n stand_v in_o readiness_n to_o justify_v the_o first_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n in_o inferior_a body_n which_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n now_o that_o this_o reflection_n be_v of_o more_o strength_n and_o validity_n in_o plain_a then_o in_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a country_n be_v evident_a first_o because_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v the_o ray_n be_v more_o join_v and_o combine_v in_o a_o plain_a then_o in_o a_o convex_n superficies_n for_o howsoever_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v of_o itself_o spherical_a yet_o the_o convexity_n be_v not_o sensible_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o circle_n whereby_o the_o convexity_n be_v make_v less_o it_o may_v optical_o be_v call_v a_o plain_a superficies_n second_o it_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o opticke_n that_o a_o reflection_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n in_o a_o equal_a then_o in_o a_o uneven_a and_o ragged_a superficies_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o mountain_n and_o uneven_a place_n a_o second_o reason_n why_o mountainous_a region_n shall_v exceed_v other_o in_o cold_a may_v be_v the_o vicinity_n of_o they_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o of_o all_o the_o region_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotle_n the_o middle_a be_v the_o cold_a as_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o high_a region_n far_o off_o from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n than_o the_o low_a now_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o more_o it_o shall_v approach_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o its_o quality_n three_o that_o this_o be_v consonant_a to_o observation_n reason_n be_v urge_v by_o experience_n of_o all_o traveller_n who_o report_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o snow_n although_o situate_v under_o or_o near_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o alps_n in_o italy_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n andâ—_n in_o peru_n and_o tenariffe_n in_o the_o canary_n that_o snow_n shall_v be_v a_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o need_v nor_o labour_n to_o confirm_v a_o four_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o other_o effect_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n for_o it_o be_v daily_o prove_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o disease_n as_o chief_o follow_v heat_n especial_o the_o pestilence_n in_o egypt_n and_o such_o plain_a country_n be_v wonderful_a prevalent_a whereas_o hilly_a and_o rockic_a country_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n stand_v in_o little_a fear_n of_o such_o inconvenience_n last_o no_o great_a argument_n can_v be_v draw_v then_o from_o the_o disposition_n of_o such_o man_n as_o inhabit_v such_o hilly_a region_n who_o have_v all_o the_o symptom_n of_o external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n insomuch_o as_o â—odin_fw-mi seem_v to_o make_v a_o harmony_n and_o â—oâ—cent_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a man_n and_o the_o mountanist_a 〈…〉_z southern_a man_n &_o such_o as_o inhabit_v plain_a country_n ascribe_v to_o the_o former_a external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n to_o the_o latter_a external_a heat_n and_o internal_a cold_a how_o far_o this_o comparison_n will_v hold_v we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o discuss_v here_o after_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n â—_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v continual_o decrease_v until_o the_o end_n this_o observation_n blaucanus_fw-la i_o know_v not_o how_o true_o ascribe_v to_o his_o own_o invention_n but_o to_o what_o author_n soever_o we_o owe_v it_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v a_o pleasant_a speculation_n ground_v on_o good_a reason_n this_o theorem_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o better_a we_o will_v first_o lay_v these_o ground_n oftentimes_o beforementioned_a first_o as_o appear_v by_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n more_o perfect_o spherical_a overwhelmed_n everywhere_a with_o water_n 2_o that_o a_o separation_n be_v make_v by_o translocation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o some_o place_n admit_v of_o concavity_n become_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n other_o place_n whereon_o these_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heap_v together_o be_v make_v mountainous_a 3._o hence_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o earth_n thus_o swell_v up_o in_o high_a mountain_n be_v out_o of_o his_o natural_a site_n and_o position_n &_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v endeavour_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o return_v to_o her_o former_a state_n and_o condition_n now_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v sensible_o suffer_v such_o a_o change_n since_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v out_o of_o experiment_n the_o cause_n we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v the_o water_n aswell_o of_o the_o rain_n as_o rivers_n which_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v by_o these_o reason_n 1_o we_o see_v river_n by_o little_a and_o little_a continual_o to_o fret_v and_o eat_v out_o the_o foot_n of_o mountain_n whence_o the_o part_n thus_o fret_v through_o by_o continual_a fall_v down_o wear_v out_o the_o mountain_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o low_a place_n in_o the_o valley_n make_v the_o one_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o other_o to_o decrease_v &_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o approach_v near_o to_o a_o spherical_a figure_n then_o before_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o place_n in_o job_n 14_o where_o he_o say_v to_o god_n the_o mountain_n fall_v come_v to_o â—ought_n &_o the_o rock_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o his_o place_n the_o water_n wear_v the_o stone_n thou_o wash_v away_o the_o thing_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o dust_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o these_o river_n in_o the_o valley_n continual_o eat_v through_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o foot_n of_o mountain_n be_v cause_v those_o slow_a but_o great_a ruin_n call_v labinae_fw-la a_o lambendo_fw-la by_o which_o sometime_o whole_a town_n and_o village_n have_v be_v cast_v into_o the_o next_o great_a river_n 2_o to_o prove_v that_o rain_n water_n challenge_v a_o part_n in_o this_o diminution_n of_o mountain_n we_o may_v show_v by_o the_o like_a experience_n we_o see_v plain_o that_o rainwater_n daily_o wash_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o high_a mountain_n
ground_n yet_o these_o few_o instance_n draw_v from_o the_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o can_v much_o impeach_v our_o proposition_n which_o take_v notice_n only_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o cardinal_a point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n compare_v with_o the_o heaven_n chap._n xi_o 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o land_n we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o relative_n which_o imply_v a_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o sea_n 2_o from_o this_o termination_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o sea_n there_o arise_v a_o twofold_a distinction_n the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o land_n into_o continent_n and_o land_n 3_o a_o continent_n be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n consist_v of_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n not_o divide_v by_o water_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o a_o island_n be_v a_o parcel_n of_o land_n compass_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n a_o island_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a insula_n quasi_fw-la in_o salo_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o will_v have_v it_o in_o english_a term_v a_o island_n as_o it_o be_v eye_n of_o the_o land_n but_o this_o derivation_n seem_v affect_v and_o not_o natural_a it_o may_v seem_v more_o natural_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o french_a l'isle_n but_o we_o will_v not_o dispute_v of_o the_o name_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o understand_v that_o a_o island_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o habitable_a earth_n every_o where_o environ_v with_o the_o sea_n orat_fw-la least_o with_o some_o great_a river_n but_o this_o last_o sense_n seem_v more_o improper_a than_o the_o other_o yet_o oftentimes_o use_v as_o meroe_n in_o africa_n a_o island_n of_o nilus_n and_o the_o island_n of_o eely_n in_o england_n to_o this_o be_v oppose_v the_o continent_n as_o that_o land_n which_o be_v not_o divide_v and_o separate_v by_o the_o sea_n contain_v in_o it_o many_o empire_n and_o kingdom_n as_o europe_n asia_n africa_n america_n all_o which_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v yet_o gather_v be_v unite_v and_o join_v together_o in_o one_o continuate_a land_n strabo_n affirm_v out_o of_o this_o in_o his_o 1_o boooke_v and_o first_o chapter_n of_o geography_n that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v one_o island_n since_o all_o these_o know_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v compass_v about_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o every_o side_n but_o this_o opinion_n can_v stand_v with_o reason_n or_o modern_a observation_n first_o because_o this_o acception_n be_v too_o large_a for_o as_o much_o as_o a_o island_n be_v proper_o take_v for_o a_o small_a part_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o oppose_v to_o the_o continent_n whereas_o if_o this_o sense_n be_v admit_v the_o distinction_n of_o land_n into_o continent_n and_o island_n will_v have_v no_o place_n or_o at_o least_o the_o same_o in_o a_o diverse_a respect_n may_v be_v call_v a_o continent_n and_o a_o island_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o land_n be_v always_o oppose_v to_o the_o continent_n to_o which_o although_o separate_v by_o water_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o belong_v as_o to_o europe_n asia_n africa_n america_n or_o magellanica_fw-la or_o some_o other_o as_o geographer_n have_v reduce_v they_o second_o because_o it_o be_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n to_o think_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o consist_v only_o of_o those_o part_n find_v out_o in_o strabos_n time_n for_o beside_o the_o two_o part_n of_o america_n since_o that_o time_n discover_v by_o columbus_n another_o great_a portion_n be_v since_o that_o time_n find_v out_o in_o the_o south_n by_o the_o conjecture_n of_o ferdinando_n de_fw-fr quir_n come_v near_o the_o quantity_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n which_o howsoever_o it_o be_v round_o environ_v with_o sea_n and_o therefore_o may_v seem_v a_o island_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o and_o the_o many_o region_n and_o kingdom_n it_o contain_v it_o may_v well_o be_v repute_v a_o continent_n to_o which_o many_o lesser_a land_n belong_v 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o be_v make_v afterward_o either_o by_o the_o universal_a deluge_n or_o some_o other_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o diverse_a learned_a man_n that_o land_n werâ—_n not_o only_o before_o the_o flood_n but_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o seem_v no_o less_o to_o make_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o diverse_a lake_n and_o rivers_n disperse_v on_o the_o land_n but_o this_o argument_n seem_v very_o weak_a first_o because_o a_o great_a ornament_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o uniformity_n then_o confusion_n beside_o the_o ornament_n must_v not_o be_v measure_v by_o our_o fantasy_n but_o god_n almighty_a pleasure_n and_o will_n express_v in_o his_o own_o workmanship_n and_o that_o he_o create_v land_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o creation_n many_o probable_a reason_n be_v allege_v first_o â—rom_o the_o word_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o genesis_n dixit_fw-la verò_fw-la deus_fw-la congregentur_fw-la aequae_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la coelo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_fw-la locum_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o appareat_fw-la arida_fw-la &_o factum_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la &_o vocavit_fw-la deus_fw-la aridam_fw-la terram_fw-la congregationesque_fw-la aquarum_fw-la appellavit_fw-la maria_fw-la by_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o their_o own_o place_n by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o have_v no_o such_o intercourse_n betwixt_o land_n and_o land_n as_o now_o they_o have_v admit_v land_n wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o such_o land_n as_o now_o appear_v be_v either_o cause_v by_o that_o universal_a deluge_n of_o noah_n or_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n somewhere_o gain_v and_o otherwhere_a in_o recompense_n of_o it_o it_o lose_v again_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o 14_o of_o genesis_n where_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o come_n together_o of_o certain_a king_n he_o omnes_fw-la convenâ—runt_fw-la in_o vallem_fw-la syluestrem_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la est_fw-la mare_fw-la salis_fw-la out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o parcel_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v a_o woody_a place_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n be_v before_o the_o time_n of_o moses_n become_v the_o salt_n sea_n many_o example_n of_o the_o like_a be_v give_v we_o by_o pliny_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o urge_v hereafter_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o believe_v that_o since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n all_o land_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o this_o sort_n another_o argument_n by_o which_o they_o will_v establish_v this_o opinion_n be_v that_o we_o see_v almost_o all_o land_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o inhabit_v of_o mankind_n but_o also_o furnish_v with_o diverse_a kind_n of_o beast_n some_o tame_a some_o wild_a some_o wholesome_a some_o venomous_a some_o useful_a some_o altogether_o unprofitable_a now_o it_o seem_v very_o unlikely_a that_o man_n bâ—ing_v in_o elder_a time_n and_o now_o also_o in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o unskilful_a in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n shall_v venture_v so_o far_o on_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o people_n country_n so_o far_o distant_a since_o at_o this_o day_n wherein_o navigation_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o great_a perfection_n have_v the_o help_n both_o of_o the_o chart_n and_o compass_n altogether_o unknown_a unto_o the_o ancient_n we_o see_v most_o nation_n very_o scrupulous_a in_o search_v out_o far_o remote_a country_n but_o admit_v this_o be_v overcome_v by_o man_n industry_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o necessity_n yet_o can_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o so_o many_o sundry_a kind_n of_o beast_n shall_v in_o this_o sort_n be_v transport_v for_o howsoever_o we_o conjecture_v concern_v such_o beast_n as_o necessary_o serve_v for_o man_n sustenance_n yet_o seem_v it_o hard_o to_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v be_v so_o improvident_a and_o envious_a to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o own_o habitation_n as_o to_o transport_v ravenous_a venomous_a unwholesome_a and_o unprofitable_a creature_n for_o by_o no_o other_o meâ—nes_n but_o by_o transportation_n can_v such_o beast_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o land_n for_o the_o first_o original_n of_o all_o creature_n in_o the_o creation_n be_v in_o or_o near_a paradise_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v â—n_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n the_o second_o seminary_n be_v in_o the_o ark_n which_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o scripture_n be_v first_o disburden_v in_o the_o same_o continent_n how_o from_o hence_o they_o shall_v spread_v themselves_o into_o land_n be_v the_o
albertus_n magnus_n who_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o albumazar_n observe_v that_o before_o noah_n flood_n chance_v a_o conjunction_n of_o jupiter_n and_o saturn_n in_o the_o last_o degree_n of_o cancer_n against_o the_o constellation_n since_o term_v argo_n ship_n out_o of_o which_o he_o will_v needs_o collect_v that_o the_o flood_n of_o noah_n may_v have_v be_v foreshown_a because_o cancer_n be_v a_o watery_a sign_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o moist_a body_n according_a to_o astrology_n which_o opinion_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o petrus_n de_fw-it alliaco_fw-it who_o affirm_v in_o his_o comment_n upon_o genesis_n that_o although_o noah_n do_v well_o know_v this_o flood_n by_o divine_a revelation_n yet_o this_o conjunction_n be_v so_o notable_a he_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o for_o those_o be_v not_o only_a sign_n but_o also_o apparent_a cause_n by_o virtue_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v god_n himself_o further_o to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n he_o will_v have_v moses_n by_o the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o have_v mean_v the_o the_o great_a &_o watery_a conjunction_n of_o the_o planet_n a_o reason_n whereof_o he_o seem_v to_o allege_v because_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o god_n will_v show_v some_o sign_n in_o the_o heaven_n by_o which_o all_o man_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o forsake_v their_o wicked_a course_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o curious_a opinion_n i_o rather_o cleave_v to_o those_o which_o think_v this_o deluge_n to_o be_v mere_o supernatural_a which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o diverse_a cause_n urge_v by_o worthy_a writer_n first_o because_o this_o be_v set_v down_o in_o holy_a scripture_n for_o a_o chief_a token_n or_o mark_n of_o noah_n extraordinary_a faith_n &_o dependence_n upon_o god_n promise_n which_o have_v be_v much_o diminish_v and_o of_o small_a moment_n have_v it_o any_o way_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o foresight_n of_o second_o cause_n for_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o may_v have_v be_v discover_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wicked_a worldling_n who_o no_o doubt_n will_v in_o some_o sort_n have_v provide_v for_o their_o safety_n have_v they_o receive_v any_o firm_a persuasion_n of_o this_o dreadful_a deluge_n to_o which_o other_o add_v a_o second_o reason_n that_o second_o cause_n of_o themselves_o without_o any_o change_n or_o alteration_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o admirable_a effect_n as_o the_o drown_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a say_v they_o that_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n shall_v so_o dispose_v and_o direct_v the_o second_o cause_n that_o they_o may_v of_o themselves_o be_v able_a to_o invert_v the_o order_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o overwhelm_v the_o whole_a earth_n which_o he_o give_v man_n for_o his_o habitation_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v think_v very_o weak_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o imply_v a_o new_a creation_n the_o conceit_n of_o a_o new_a creation_n be_v pronounce_v by_o a_o learned_a countryman_n of_o we_o both_o unlearned_a and_o foolish_a for_o whereas_o it_o be_v write_v say_v he_o that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o deep_a be_v break_v open_a it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v then_o that_o the_o water_n forsake_v the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o whatsoever_o therein_o be_v disperse_v make_v a_o eruption_n through_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o deluge_n above_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v only_o 15_o cubit_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o centre_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v it_o impossible_a answer_v reason_n with_o reason_n that_o all_o these_o water_n disperse_v under_o the_o earth_n shall_v so_o far_o extend_v as_o to_o drown_v the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o astronomer_n teach_v be_v not_o above_o 35_o â—_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n contain_v and_o disperse_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o great_a mountain_n which_o never_o attain_v 30_o mile_n upright_o whereas_o this_o distance_n of_o 30_o mile_n be_v find_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n 116_o time_n second_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exceed_o great_a it_o may_v please_v god_n to_o condensate_a and_o thicken_v a_o great_a part_n thereof_o which_o may_v concur_v to_o this_o inundation_n we_o willing_o assent_v to_o the_o worthy_a author_n that_o this_o inundation_n may_v be_v perform_v without_o any_o new_a creation_n notwithstanding_o we_o can_v hence_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a but_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n the_o better_a and_o to_o show_v how_o far_o nature_n have_v a_o hand_n in_o this_o admirable_a effect_n we_o will_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o a_o effect_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n themselves_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o direction_n and_o application_n of_o the_o cause_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o mere_a secondary_a and_o instrumental_a cause_n we_o may_v call_v this_o effect_n natural_a because_o it_o be_v partly_o perform_v by_o their_o help_n and_o concurrence_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o mutual_a application_n and_o conjunction_n of_o these_o second_o cause_n together_o with_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o extraordinary_o set_v they_o a_o work_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v supernatural_a for_o other_o particular_a inundation_n in_o particular_a region_n we_o may_v more_o safe_o term_v they_o natural_a as_o direct_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o second_o cause_n work_v no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o their_o own_o natural_a disposition_n two_o cause_n concur_v together_o be_v here_o most_o notable_a whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o watery_a planet_n work_v on_o the_o water_n their_o proper_a subject_n the_o other_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o bound_n and_o bank_n restrain_v the_o water_n which_o by_o process_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o and_o suffer_v breach_n both_o these_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v together_o cause_n a_o inundation_n which_o assertion_n we_o may_v lawful_o accept_v but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o almighty_a god_n work_v by_o second_o cause_n nevertheless_o direct_v they_o oftentimes_o to_o supernatural_a and_o extraordinary_a end_n 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o bound_n of_o region_n by_o particular_a inundation_n howsoever_o some_o inundation_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o but_o after_o a_o small_a time_n leâ—t_v the_o earth_n to_o her_o own_o possession_n yet_o other_o have_v be_v of_o such_o violence_n as_o they_o have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v fret_v away_o or_o add_v and_o so_o alter_v the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o place_n which_o beside_o diverse_a example_n produce_v by_o we_o in_o our_o former_a chapter_n aristotle_n seem_v to_o acknowledge_v in_o the_o 1_o book_n ofhi_v meteor_n the_o 14_o chapter_n where_o he_o say_v that_o by_o such_o accident_n sometime_o the_o continent_n and_o firm_a land_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o otherwhere_a the_o sea_n have_v resign_v place_n to_o the_o land_n for_o since_o the_o agitation_n or_o move_v of_o the_o water_n depend_v ordinary_o upon_o the_o virtue_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o those_o star_n shall_v meet_v in_o conjunction_n which_o be_v most_o forceable_a and_o effectual_a for_o stir_v up_o of_o tempest_n and_o flood_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o rage_n beyond_o measure_n either_o leave_v her_o ancient_a bound_n or_o else_o usurp_a new_a by_o this_o mean_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n some_o land_n have_v be_v join_v to_o the_o land_n and_o some_o peninsula_n separate_v from_o the_o land_n and_o make_v land_n somewhere_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o a_o great_a space_n to_o leave_v the_o land_n naked_a as_o verstegan_n conjecture_n of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o belgia_n which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o ancient_a time_n cover_v with_o water_n which_o beside_o many_o other_o argument_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o fish-shell_n and_o fish-bone_n find_v everywhere_a far_o under_o ground_n about_o holland_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o which_o be_v dig_v up_o in_o such_o abundance_n and_o from_o such_o depth_n can_v not_o say_v he_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o sea_n which_o cover_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o strew_v it_o with_o fish_n last_o that_o the_o sea_n may_v seem_v as_o well_o to_o get_v as_o lose_v she_o have_v show_v her_o power_n in_o take_v away_o and_o swallow_v up_o some_o region_n and_o city_n which_o before_o be_v extant_a such_o fortune_n have_v pyrrha_n and_o antisâ—a_n about_o meotis_n
helicâ—_n and_o bura_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o corinthian_a strait_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o whole_a mediterranean_a within_o hercules_n pillar_n be_v in_o time_n past_o habitable_a land_n till_o it_o give_v way_n to_o the_o violency_n of_o the_o sea_n invasion_n but_o in_o this_o i_o credit_v nothing_o without_o far_a ground_n the_o like_a uncertainty_n be_v also_o relate_v of_o the_o atlantic_a land_n great_a than_o all_o africa_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o ocean_n which_o columbus_n be_v say_v in_o a_o sort_n to_o have_v discover_v in_o the_o sea_n find_v a_o great_a shallow_a fraught_n with_o weed_n where_o he_o suppose_v this_o great_a island_n to_o have_v stand_v but_o i_o rather_o believe_v that_o this_o atlantic_a island_n speak_v of_o by_o plato_n be_v either_o a_o poetical_a fiction_n as_o moor_n utopia_n with_o we_o or_o at_o least_o the_o continent_n of_o america_n perhaps_o in_o those_o day_n obscure_o discover_v but_o the_o discovery_n lose_v again_o to_o after_o age_n 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n which_o common_o happen_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n in_o the_o summer_n without_o the_o tropic_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o former_a clause_n be_v prove_v by_o experience_n almost_o in_o all_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n swell_v high_o overflow_a their_o bank_n and_o drown_v a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n about_o they_o but_o this_o happen_v not_o alike_o in_o all_o place_n for_o in_o rivers_n include_v within_o the_o tropic_n as_o nilus_n &_o niger_n in_o africa_n and_o oregliana_n in_o america_n with_o other_o thereabout_a this_o anniversary_n inundation_n be_v in_o the_o summer_n elsewhere_o it_o be_v common_o in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o former_a these_o cause_n may_v be_v assign_v 1_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v great_a of_o all_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a or_o vertical_a unto_o they_o which_o we_o be_v to_o account_v their_o summer_n 2_o the_o daily_a reins_n &_o shower_n such_o region_n be_v subject_a unto_o these_o shower_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a &_o great_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o their_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o it_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o show_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o sun_n daily_o in_o those_o part_n draw_v up_o more_o vapour_n than_o he_o can_v dissipate_v &_o consume_v whence_o meeting_n with_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v condensated_a into_o drop_n &_o so_o turn_v into_o rain_n for_o the_o late_a case_n in_o river_n situate_v without_o the_o tropic_n common_o happen_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o inundation_n happen_v rather_o in_o the_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n whereof_o these_o reason_n may_v be_v render_v 1_o because_o rain_n and_o shower_n whereof_o such_o overflow_a be_v engender_v in_o those_o part_n be_v more_o frequent_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n 2_o whereas_o near_o the_o equatour_n the_o snow_n be_v know_v to_o melt_v with_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n in_o other_o part_n it_o seldom_o or_o never_o melt_v at_o all_o as_o may_v be_v think_v under_o the_o pole_n or_o thereabouts_o or_o else_o if_o it_o melt_v it_o happen_v as_o in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n we_o see_v it_o do_v often_o by_o rain_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 4_o next_o be_v we_o to_o speak_v of_o earthquake_n a_o earthquake_n be_v a_o sensible_a motion_n and_o shake_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o other_o remarkable_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n which_o be_v not_o so_o ordinary_a a_o earthquake_n have_v no_o small_a consideration_n be_v oftentimes_o a_o mean_n which_o god_n use_v to_o show_v some_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a judgement_n but_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o on_o this_o subject_n than_o may_v seem_v meet_a for_o geography_n we_o will_v show_v the_o cause_n and_o kind_n of_o it_o by_o which_o we_o may_v the_o soon_o come_v to_o learn_v what_o region_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o this_o affection_n which_o be_v necessary_a of_o a_o cosmographer_n to_o be_v know_v concern_v the_o cauâ—es_n of_o it_o much_o dispute_n have_v be_v among_o philosopher_n some_o have_v ridiculous_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n and_o suppose_v with_o no_o less_o if_o not_o great_a absurdity_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o good_a temper_n do_v rest_n &_o settle_v quiet_o according_a to_o her_o natural_a disposition_n from_o which_o temper_n if_o she_o be_v any_o way_n remove_v as_o if_o she_o be_v sick_a or_o pain_v in_o some_o part_n she_o shake_v and_o shiver_n the_o relation_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o sufficient_a confutation_n thales_n milesius_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n as_o a_o ship_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sometime_o as_o a_o vessel_n by_o tempest_n turn_v on_o one_o side_n too_o much_o it_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n little_o more_o probable_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o democritus_n that_o the_o earth_n drink_v in_o rain_n water_n more_o than_o her_o cavern_n can_v well_o contain_v the_o water_n reverberate_v back_o be_v cause_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v reverberate_v back_o with_o such_o violence_n to_o cause_v such_o a_o extraordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n anaximenes_n milesius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n herself_o be_v cause_n of_o she_o own_o motion_n for_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v out_o as_o it_o be_v and_o break_v fall_v down_o sometime_o into_o a_o great_a depth_n cause_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o it_o to_o shake_v and_o tremble_v to_o which_o opinion_n also_o seneca_n seem_v to_o subscribe_v in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n the_o 10_o chapter_n to_o which_o also_o accord_v the_o philosophical_a poet_n lucretius_n in_o these_o word_n terra_fw-la superna_fw-la tremit_fw-la magnis_fw-la concussa_fw-la ruinis_fw-la subter_fw-la ubi_fw-la ingentes_fw-la speluncas_fw-la subruit_fw-la aetas_fw-la quip_n cadunt_fw-la toti_fw-la montes_fw-la magnoque_fw-la repentè_fw-fr concussu_fw-la laâ—è_fw-la dispergunt_fw-la inde_fw-la tremores_fw-la et_fw-la meritò_fw-la quoniam_fw-la plaustris_fw-la concussu_fw-la tremiscunt_fw-la tecta_fw-la viam_fw-la propter_fw-la non_fw-la magno_fw-la pondere_fw-la tota_fw-la the_o upper_a earth_n seize_v with_o great_a ruin_n shake_v when_o surrowed_a age_n her_o vast_a rib_n overtake_v for_o mountain_n great_a fall_n down_o and_o with_o the_o blow_n the_o tremble_n be_v disperse_v to_o and_o fro_o not_o without_o reason_n when_o a_o small-sized_a wain_n make_v house_n near_o the_o way_n to_o shake_v amain_o this_o last_o opinion_n seem_v to_o carry_v more_o show_n ofprobability_n then_o the_o former_a neither_o can_v any_o man_n deny_v that_o sometime_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o part_n may_v shake_v by_o the_o break_n down_o of_o some_o subterranean_a part_n who_o sudden_a and_o violent_a motion_n may_v cause_v the_o rest_n be_v continuate_a to_o entertain_v the_o like_a convulsion_n but_o yet_o more_o general_a seem_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n who_o will_v have_v earthquake_n to_o proceed_v from_o a_o spirit_n or_o vapour_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o testify_v in_o the_o 2_o of_o his_o meteor_n the_o 7_o chapter_n for_o this_o vapour_n find_v no_o way_n to_o pass_v out_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v back_o and_o batter_v any_o passage_n out_o seek_v every_o corner_n and_o while_o it_o labour_v to_o break_v open_a some_o place_n for_o go_v forth_o it_o make_v a_o tumultuous_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o earthquake_n now_o lest_o it_o shall_v seem_v improbable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o mass_n of_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v and_o shake_v by_o so_o thin_a and_o rarefy_a a_o body_n as_o be_v a_o fume_n or_o vapour_n aristotle_n in_o the_o same_o place_n show_v the_o admirable_a force_n of_o wind_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o air_n as_o on_o the_o body_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o air_n because_o experience_n show_v that_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o a_o windy_a vapour_n it_o sometime_o be_v know_v to_o move_v rock_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o to_o pluck_v up_o tree_n and_o shrubb_n by_o the_o root_n and_o sometime_o to_o throw_v down_o the_o strong_a and_o most_o stately_a building_n in_o man_n body_n because_o by_o the_o stir_v up_o and_o agitation_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o vital_a and_o animal_n function_n sometime_o one_o sick_a man_n can_v do_v that_o which_o can_v
be_v perform_v by_o many_o strong_a and_o able_a man_n as_o it_o have_v be_v try_v sometime_o that_o a_o frantic_a man_n have_v break_v very_o strong_a chain_n wherewith_o he_o have_v be_v bind_v which_o many_o other_o man_n can_v not_o do_v neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o many_o and_o great_a exhalation_n vapour_n and_o spirit_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v heaâ—ed_v many_o way_n many_o way_n may_v be_v specify_v whence_o such_o fume_n shall_v arise_v as_o first_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n second_o from_o the_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n the_o heat_n collect_v itself_o downward_o to_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o it_o the_o argument_n by_o which_o aristotle_n will_v confirm_v this_o opinion_n be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o time_n as_o from_o the_o place_n wherein_o earthquake_n usual_o happen_v from_o the_o time_n because_o than_o most_o earthquake_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v when_o most_o exhalation_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o the_o autumn_n from_o the_o place_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spongy_a and_o hollow_a region_n which_o may_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v common_o most_o subject_a unto_o it_o for_o although_o many_o exhalation_n be_v daily_o enclose_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o earthquake_n fall_v but_o seldom_o because_o the_o matter_n be_v seldom_o so_o strong_a and_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v the_o earth_n wherefore_o some_o philosopher_n have_v express_v three_o principal_a way_n which_o make_v this_o earthquake_n first_o when_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v sudden_o engender_v which_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o can_v be_v contain_v in_o so_o little_a a_o space_n for_o then_o be_v almost_o choke_v it_o seek_v a_o way_n to_o fly_v forth_o second_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v condensated_a by_o cold_a and_o drive_v the_o exhalation_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o fly_v hither_o and_o thither_o shake_v and_o strike_v the_o earth_n three_o when_o the_o exhalation_n the_o cold_a compass_n it_o round_o by_o a_o antiperistasis_n beget_v heat_n within_o it_o and_o so_o be_v rarify_v for_o so_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o confine_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a place_n it_o break_v forth_o and_o so_o shake_v the_o earth_n we_o must_v here_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o not_o only_a exhalation_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o distemperature_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o wind_n all_o which_o by_o some_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o this_o action_n for_o the_o division_n of_o earthquake_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o place_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o may_v be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o shake_v all_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o every_o part_n at_o least_o in_o the_o upper_a face_n whereof_o i_o suppose_v no_o natural_a cause_n can_v be_v give_v but_o the_o immediate_a and_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n such_o a_o earthquake_n happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n passion_n whereof_o dydimus_n a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a writer_n leave_v record_v but_o that_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n mention_v by_o orosius_n in_o his_o 7_o book_n of_o history_n &_o 32_o chapter_n be_v think_v by_o grave_a author_n to_o be_v no_o universal_a earthquake_n howsoever_o for_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v general_a a_o particular_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o be_v bound_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a place_n which_o for_o the_o cause_n before-alleaged_n can_v be_v so_o far_o extend_v because_o the_o cavern_n and_o convexity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v contain_v can_v be_v ordinary_o so_o great_a as_o to_o extend_v to_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n 1_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o place_n extreme_a cold_n exhalation_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o engender_v and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o in_o other_o part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o place_n which_o be_v extreme_a hot_a the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v breed_v be_v soon_o consume_v with_o excess_n of_o heat_n both_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o instance_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o cold_a northern_a part_n as_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v in_o his_o 10_o book_n and_o 13_o chapter_n earthquake_n be_v very_o seldom_o or_o never_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n and_o 18_o chapter_n and_o albertus_n magnus_n in_o his_o 3_o book_n of_o mâ—teours_n tract_n 2_o that_o place_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a as_o egypt_n be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o this_o shake_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o place_n betwixt_o both_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o more_o temperate_a climate_n find_v it_o not_o so_o strange_a 1_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n we_o must_v here_o understand_v that_o hollow_a place_n be_v either_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o air_n or_o be_v hollow_a only_o under_o and_o close_o upward_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o molestation_n of_o earthquake_n because_o the_o exhalation_n fly_v out_o without_o impediment_n but_o the_o latter_a being_n more_o apt_a to_o engender_v and_o retain_v such_o matter_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v more_o trouble_v this_o be_v most_o plain_o observe_v in_o phrygia_n italia_n caria_n lydia_n wherein_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o frequent_a to_o confirm_v this_o a_o little_a far_o we_o observe_v that_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a place_n suffer_v this_o violence_n often_o than_o other_o part_n because_o there_o most_o common_o cavern_n and_o concavity_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o plain_a country_n but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v object_v that_o sandy_a and_o slimy_a country_n be_v many_o time_n more_o free_a from_o earthquake_n then_o other_o place_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v before_o in_o egypt_n wherein_o never_o any_o earthquake_n as_o most_o author_n affirm_v or_o at_o least_o but_o one_o as_o seneca_n have_v be_v observe_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v that_o sandy_a place_n without_o any_o strife_n suffer_v the_o exhalation_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o slimy_a place_n want_v sufficient_a receptacle_n to_o entertain_v they_o 3_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n this_o have_v they_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o many_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o other_o also_o chief_o in_o cyprus_n sicylia_n euboea_n tyrus_n angria_n lippora_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n the_o cause_n some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o antiperistasis_n or_o circumstancy_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o engender_v great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o nevertheless_o that_o land_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n than_o continent_n i_o dare_v affirm_v no_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a because_o some_o place_n in_o the_o continent_n seem_v very_o much_o affect_v especial_o in_o europe_n above_o other_o place_n constantinople_n and_o basilaea_n if_o we_o credit_n author_n which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o matter_n in_o asia_n china_n and_o other_o region_n adjoin_v thereunto_o chap._n xiii_o 1_o the_o natural_a affection_n of_o the_o land_n have_v hitherto_o be_v declare_v we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o civil_a those_o we_o term_v civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n 2_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o man_n dwell_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o name_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v may_v be_v take_v either_o general_o for_o any_o live_a creature_n reside_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o which_o sense_n brute_n beast_n may_v be_v call_v inhabitant_n which_o signification_n be_v only_o metaphorical_a or_o else_o for_o a_o reasonable_a live_a creature_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v in_o any_o place_n or_o region_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o have_v reserve_v for_o this_o last_o treatise_n follow_v as_o well_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o of_o moses_n in_o the_o narration_n for_o god_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o