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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07768	The mysterie of iniquitie: that is to say, The historie of the papacie Declaring by what degrees it is now mounted to this height, and what oppositions the better sort from time to time haue made against it. Where is also defended the right of emperours, kings, and Christian princes, against the assertions of the cardinals, Bellarmine and Baronius. By Philip Morney, knight, Lord du Plessis, &c. Englished by Samson Lennard.; Mystère d'iniquité. English	Mornay, Philippe de, seigneur du Plessis-Marly, 1549-1623.; Lennard, Samson, d. 1633.	1612 (1612)	STC 18147; ESTC S115092	954,645	704

the Church it selfe the Masse the bodie of Christ and all are set to sale c. Nichol. Clemangis ad Gersonem It is become a publike faire a brothell house worse than the Synagogue yea Babylon it selfe For what doest thou thinke saith he of that prophesie of the Reuelation of S. Iohn Doest thou not think that in some sort it belongs to thee Thou art not growne so shamelesse as to denie it Jdem de ruina reparatione Ecclesiae Consider therefore of it and read the damnation of the great strumpet sitting vpon many waters there contemplate thy worthie Acts c. And a little after It is now long since that this thine arrogancie not able to endure it selfe began to fall though slowly and by little and little and therefore thy ruine not to be perceiued of any that is to wit as the light of the Gospell began to shine but now thou fallest downe headlong like a riuer downe a hill Much more like vnto this may you read in this Author which let it suffice that I haue briefely collected But yet I cannot omit an Epistle or declamation that he writ to that purpose to Gerard Market a Doctor of Paris the Argument whereof is this We are not onely to depart from Babylon with our affections but with our bodily feet Which argument for as much as he handles it excellently according to that precept of our Lord in the Reuelation Goe out of Babylon my people c. Let it not be troublesome to the Reader if I insert it wholly and so much the rather because our aduersaries could be content it were buried in their liberaries That we are to flie out of Babylon according to the admonition giuen in both Testaments thou confessest but thou wilt not haue that flight to bee vnderstood corporally changing the place but spiritually not imitating the corrupt manners of the wicked Truly this is not amisse but it sufficeth not for a full resolution of this question We see the Patriarch Abraham was commaunded to depart out of his owne countrey and from his kindred and fathers house not onely in affection but effect too yea his bodily departure is first commaunded and then he is enioyned to withdraw his verie mind and thoughts from it too Lot after he receiued a commaund to goe out of Sodome because he was backward and slow in doing it he was taken by the Angels and drawne forth with a kind of violence The people of Israel were not commaunded to goe out of Aegypt because it was not in their libertie to doe it because of their grieuous oppression but by the commaundement of God giuen to Moses and by the ministerie of Moses obeying God they were led forth with a strong hand not onely by a departure of affections but by a March on foot too Now by the circumstance of these places it is easie to note for what causes this was done Abraham was commaunded to goe forth of Chaldea wherein he was borne because the inhabitants of the countrey were Idolaters Lot was constrained to goe out of Sodome because they were wicked men and that hee might escape that destruction that hung ouer their heads for their sinnes The Hebrewes were led out of Aegypt by Moses and Aaron not onely because of that intollerable seruitude they endured in their bodies but much more for the saluation of their soules because the Aegyptians were giuen to vaine superstitions and it was not there lawfull for the Israelites to sacrifice vnto the Lord. And therefore in these words of our Lord so often repeated by Moses to Pharao by his commaundement this cause is openly exprest Let my people goe that they may sacrifice vnto me I doe not thinke therefore thou wilt denie except thou wilt openly contradict the Scriptures that wee must depart out of Babylon not onely with our liues and conuersations but with our feet too since that there with sound manners with integritie of conscience with the obseruation of the commaundements of God it is not lawfull to liue and least we being altogether vnable to resist the corrupt and wicked maners of the Babylonians violently carrying all things headlong with them they put vpon vs their manners The nature of man by it owne corruption is prone vnto euill and good men are more easily drawne into errour by the wicked than the manners of the wicked mended by the good Vice be it neuer so pernitious and dangerous by little and little growes into custome and whilest it stealingly creeps into vs it growes and encreaseth Errours when they are made publike change their names and take vpon them the laudible titles of vertue and wisedome For to omit those grieuous sinnes which a man may not lawfully name but yet is lawfull for God to punish with his vengeance behold rapine and robberie by a publike impunitie are not accounted vices which vntill now were woont to be punished with death Now who is he that can liue there in health sound and free where not onely things vniust are permitted but where a man is constrained by all sorts of punishment the most cruell that may be to beleeue to say to follow to embrace as iust and laudible that which is most vniust most wicked Who can be sober who would not abhorre to liue where all are madde Who can be so confident vpon his owne strength that he should hope in the middest of the fire not to burne or in the middest of a shipwracke not to bee drowned But perhaps thou wilt say That the furnace of Babylon burnes onely the kings ministers not the children of God Let that man boldly applie that historie to himselfe that is like to those holie children that may with reason expect that God should bridle the force of a fire so furious and consuming to preserue him The furnace of Babylon burnt onely the ministers that kindled it Consider diligently whether they are of the number of these ministers that put fire to the furnace that are constrained to consent to follow to approue the things that belong to the kindling thereof and that dare not resist it when they would which whosoeuer doe to vse the words of the Apostle are worthie of death not onely they that doe them but they that consent to those that doe them God was afeard of faithfull Abraham least he should be burnt in Vr a citie of the Chaldees for then as thou seest the fire was alreadie kindled He was afeard of holie Lot least he should be corrupted with the companie of the wicked and so should be partaker of their destruction And yet we in the midst of the furnace of Babylon burning aboue woonted measure secure our selues from all daunger and flatter our selues with the deliuerie of the three children as if the case were all one with vs that as the flame of the burning furnace was extinguished with the dew of heauen that it could not offend them so no flame of euill concupiscence no

of his mouth water after the woman like a floud that shee might be carried away of the floud But there were then giuen to the woman two wings of a great Eagle that shee might flie into the wildernesse And of a flight in the ayre there remaines no trace In such sort that we are not bound to search after it much lesse to shew it accounting it sufficient that we beleeue the Scriptues That God knoweth who are his That the Church is knowne vnto God as in the time of Eliah though vnknowne to the Prophet whereof after so many ages past there is no reason why any account should be demaunded of vs. But I will not deale so rigorously with you will you know where and what manner of Church ours was in all your time Our Church was that Primitiue Apostolike Church inspired with the holie Ghost grounded vpon the word of God which hath left vnto vs the Canon of the holie Scriptures the rule of our faith and life the Symboll of the Apostles the badge of our Christian warfare To vs therefore that embrace all these and to hold and defend them reject all humane inuentions stoppe our eares against the voice of a stranger the societie of this Church spread farre and wide through the world and as our Sauiour saith continuing to the last day of the world cannot be denied But on the other side against you is that curse threatened by S. Paule who besides and against this preach another Gospell If we or any angell from heauen preach vnto you otherwise let him be accursed Our Church is that which hath continued with this Gal. 1. v. 7.8.9 yea hath been euer ioyned vnto it shining with so manie and so great miracles made red with so many and glorious martyres For these are the miracles that witnesse the truth of this Gospell Martyrdomes that gaue testimonie to Christ the onely begotten sonne of God the onely redeemer of mankind Mediator Sauiour the only true Priest of the new Couenant which we onely vrge refusing all other and are readie to seale it with our bloud Ours therefore are these miracles and these Martyrdomes since we are incorporated with them by one and the same faith into one and the same Church Now tell me I pray haue your traditions beene confirmed by these miracles Can you or dare you affirme that any of your martyres haue suffered for the Papacie for the Popish doctrine for the adoration of Images the worship of Saints the traffike of Purgatorie the sacrifice of the Masse Transubstantiation By what right then doe you arrogate vnto your selues the miracles and martyrdomes of that Church by what right nay rather what wrong doe you take them from vs the true heires of their faith I would to God wee could as truely say of their constancie Againe our Church is that that heretofore confuted and confounded Arius Macedonius Nestorius Eutiches Pyrrhus yea Pope Honorius himselfe who called into question the diuinitie of the onely begotten sonne of God and of the holie ghost and the two natures and two wils in one Christ Ours are those generall Councells of Nice Constantinople Ephesus Chalcedon and others In which they with theirs were condemned and ouerthrowne Forasmuch therefore as we approue and embrace all these and consequently the Catholike Church represented in them as we neuer wandred in any thing from their doctrine so are we not to be seperated from their bodies Tell me againe whether you dare to say as much And if for shame you will seeme to dare See ye not that your Pope is to be brought into order that he is presently to fall to the ground Find you any where in any of those approued and auncient Councells any place for those your inuentions And yet these bring vs to the six hundreth yeare after the natiuitie of our blessed Sauiour In all which time if those points of doctrine which we affirme are confirmed by the holie Scriptures Symboles Myracles Martyres decrees of Councels and contrarily those things we denie doe no where appeare nay are not so much as affirmed may we not by good right and reason professe that Church to be ours And with better reason aske you where your Church was for those six hundred yeares together Vbinam Gentium for to say the truth there shee was there shee fed Not vpon the hill of Sion but the little hils and groues of Garisim the mountaines of Seyre the pastures of Paganisme From whence ye haue gathered whatsoeuer either the proud schoole of the Pharisies brought into the Sinagogue or the vaine superstition of the Greeke Philosophers into their Academy From thence-forward the authoritie of one man by the contempt of the word of God gathering strength in the Church of Rome the Princes likewise according as it was foretold striuing to giue their assistance he made and vnmade lawes at his owne pleasure preferring humane inuentions before the diuine oracles his decrees before the Canons of Councells Nouelties before antiquities things profane before holie borrowed from elsewhere before his owne adulterat before lawfull superstition before religion and all this furniture of Paganisme before Christian simplicitie by which meanes the Church by degrees fell into this corruption and languishing consumption In such sort neuerthelesse that in the middest of this corruption this confusion a part of our selues did still remaine and that in a twofold manner This Church was a part of our selues though corrupt cloked and couered with wood and hay and stubble yea in a manner ouerwhelmed 1. Corinth 3. so long as shee stood vpon her onely true foundation Christ Iesus so long as the saluation of man depended vpon him onely his merit the bloud of his crosse Not vpon our owne or other mens workes not vpon Popish absolutions and indulgences and other blasphemous toyes of that nature And as it falleth out that the wind changing the wether altereth so for a time the matter hung in an equal ballance vntill impietie ouer-weighing the mind of man by a kind of selfe-loue being prone to human inuentions true pietie was taken away Againe this Church was a part of our selues and the purer part inasmuch as many excellent men famous for their pietie and learning sprung vp therein almost in euerie Nation lifting vp their heads in the middest of this darkenesse Assemblies of Bishops and whole vniuersities striuing with all their force against that swift and violent streame shewed thereby the newnesse of the doctrine But striuing in vaine broke out into mournings and clamours and complaints calling heauen and earth to witnesse against the Popes and their followers who speaking with so cleere and audible a voice being so manie in number and in so manie places and that not out of any compact or agreement but a common sence of that publike calamitie is it not to be presumed that manie held their peace for feare possessing their pure soules in silence Such of whom the Lord speaketh by Eliah I haue

candlesticke Were there therefore before no eyes no candles in the Church Againe Nicholas the second Leo Ostiens l. 3. c. 25. that he might extend the signification of the word Simonie in despight of Henrie the third made a law That no man could accept of a Church or any Ecclesiasticall office either freely or for money from the hands of a Lay man An. 1056. Whereas that which is said to be freely giuen doth properly exclude Simonie makes no difference betwixt the Lay and the Clergie This Nicholas did also increase vnder the minoritie of Henrie by another occasion Robert and Richard Guischar who were come from Normandie to follow the warres in Calabria against the Sarasins had there set footing with happie successe Robert called himselfe Duke of Apulia and Calabria Richard held Capua and ouerranne the countrie euen to the gates of the citie of Rome both the one and the other were excommunicated by the See of Rome But Nicholas called in his excommunication vpon condition they should hold their seigniories in fee farme of the Church of Rome swearing faith and loyaltie thereunto and paying for a yerely rent twelue pence for euerie yoke of Oxen from whence there arose matter of new contention with the Empire and the Emperour And these things bring vs to the yere 1060. But the progression was no lesse in the corruption of manners and doctrine than in tyrannie ouer the Church Touching manners the sinne of Sodome by the rigorous execution of those lawes that concerned single life had taken such root in the Roman Clergie Petri● Damian Lib. qui inscribitur Gomerrhaeus cui praefixa Epist Leonis 9. Baron an 1049. Art 10. seq that Petrus Damianus enforced to betake himselfe to an Hermitage writ a book intituled Gomorrhaeus in which he deciphers al the kinds therof wherein they did riot and sensually passe their time And he dedicated the book to Leo the 9 whose helpe he imploreth against this great and grieuous sin Wicked brambles thornes and nettles haue filled the field of our Lord and Master which grow out of the strength of the flesh and the doung of corruption for all flesh hath corrupted her wayes insomuch that not onely a floud of waters seemes not sufficient to wash away the filth thereof but this great and grieuous wickednesse cries for that Gomorrhaean fire from heauen that burnt the fiue Cities And hereupon by this admonition of Damianus Leo made some lawes and ordained some punishments for this sinne But presently after it appeared that he lost the grace and fauour of Leo And afterwards Alexander the second obtayning the Popedome gets this booke from the authour thereof vnder colour to lend it to the Abbot of Saint Sauiour but in deed to suppresse it making the reason thereof to be his ouer-plaine dealing in that he had expressed the matter in more obscene or grosse termes than was fitting As if such filthinesse could be stirred but there must rise a stinke Whereupon Damianus in an Epistle to Hildebrand and Stephen Cardinals eagrely complaines yet not without a manifest flout And indeed saith he is this a token of Priestly clenlinesse or rather an argument of papall puritie But as touching doctrine In the time of Victor the second about the yere 1055 was brought in the redemption of Penitentiaries vnder pretence that sins multiplying An. 1055. men were not able to endure a penance for so many yeares deferred And besides sometimes men may dye before the penance be accomplished Wherefore in fauour of the rich it was ordained that either for mony possessions or any thing else equiualent therunto they might buy it out Baron an 1055. Art 9. seq according to the number of the yeres appointed and agreed vpon And of this it was that Damianus saith Thou art not ignorant that when we take lands and possessions of Penitenciaries according to the proportion of the gift we release them in the quantitie of their penance Which he himselfe did to the Archbishop of Millan in his legation whereupon saith Baronius He sheweth that the goods of the church shall increase by these ransomes which in time shall grow to a custome Petrus Damiar in Epist ad fratres Baron an 1056 Art 6. 7. But it pleased him that the poorer sort should redeeme those yeares with corporall afflictions a certaine number of Psalmes sung in the Church fasts with bread and water fillips whips and the like whereupon saith the selfesame Damian Tria scorparum millia three thousand lashes with a whip or a holy-bush with the singing of certaine Psalmes doe supply one yeres penance c. And so he calculates it that twentie Psalters sung with discipline should serue for the penance of a hundred yeres Petrus Damianus in Epist ad Defiderium Cassinatem So farre at the last did this corruption of doctrine proceed that Petrus Damianus prescribed to the Monkes that liued vnder his obedience in the same Hermitage that euerie day with their Canonicall houres they should say the seruice of the virgin Marie And saith Baronius As he was the author hereof in his monasterie so it is manifest that from the same sourse it sprang that in all the West churches not only the Monkes but Clergie and Lay men and women by the admonition of Pope Vrban did euery day their taskes And he acknowledgeth to be of the same age and inuention the custome of whipping themselues in imitation of Dominicus Loricatus The masse vpon Mundaies for the dead that are in Purgatorie vpon Friday in honor of the passion on Saturdaies in the honour of the Virgin to the end that superstition with the Popedome should ascend to their highest pitch Alexander the second succeeded Nicholas the second who taking aduantage of the minoritie of Henrie for he was then about eleuen yeares of age was chosen either by the decree of Nicholas Leo Ostiens L. 3. ca. 20. or the bould counsell of Hildebrand Which Agnis the mother of Henrie vnderstanding to be done without her commaund called a Councell at Basill where by the consent of most of the Bishops of Italie Cadalous Bishop of Parma was created Pope who was called Honorius the second Now was Italie diuided in two parts by these two Popes who raised their forces and bare armes one against the other And Henrie himselfe sent Hanno Archbishop of Collen who in the same Sinod reproched Alexander the second and told him that he had no power to enter into the chaire without the commandement of the Emperour and therefore he was either to leaue it againe or to giue a reason of that he had done But Hildebrand answereth him the interpreter for the most part of the Popes in those daies that Alexander was suddenly consecrated without the authoritie of Henrie to auoyd some imminent tumults And that the church of Rome his spirituall mother tooke more care of his right than his mother Agnis who was tied vnto

him by bloud only So that they renounced not what they had done but with this art that they might attaine their purpose did they thinke to hide their councels and intentions But the decision of this matter was put off to another Councell held at Mantua which place was chosen because it was vnder the power of the countesse Matilda who tooke part with Alexander There it was graunted at the instance of Hanno that he should purge himselfe by oath that he had not obtained the Popedome with money by which meanes he was confirmed by all and the decree against simoniacal persons is renewed in the same sence that it was before and presently he sends Petrus Damianus his Legat into Germanie to signifie to Henrie the third and not without some threats that if he would not be perswaded by councell he must necessarily adde his Ecclesiasticall censures so presently he cites him to Rome there to giue account of the whole matter vpon paine of excommunication Thus by the aduantage of his minoritie they easily get the vpper hand And that they might the better blind the eyes of the people these men who thought of nothing but the world and the things that belong thereunto become workers of miracles Alexander at Cassin dispossessed one of a Diuell going to Aquin did helpe one that was lame by giuing him the water to drinke wherewith he washed his hands after the sacrifice And to what end were these miracles what law doe they confirme or what gospell or doe they not rather serue onely to vphold their ambition friuilous therefore they are and childish yea though we did yeeld them to be true yet are they lyes and proceeding from the father of lyes because the vpholders of a lye At the last in the yeare 1072 Alexander being dead An. 1072. the Roman Clergie commaunded Hildebrand to succeed hauing alreadie vnder three or foure Popes beene throughly acquainted with the Papall subtilties and himselfe therein a verie good scholer and we may say more than a Pope since Damianus calls him Dominum Papae the Master of the Pope and is not ashamed to say Papam ritè colo sed te prostratus adoro Tu facis hunc Dominum te facit ipse Deum I honour the Pope thee prostrat I adore Thou makest him a Lord he thee a god or more In so much that though he were Pope yet he depended vpon him and his counsell but he being nourished in pride left nothing vndone that might enlarge his territories And thus with a false pretence of simonie they encreased their power Neither were the definements of the Popes lesse furthered in these times vnder the colour of the Nicholaits The Church of Milan did then in Italie hold the second place being made more eminent by the suppression of Rauenna There were in it eighteene Bishops Suffragans two and twentie ordinarie Cardinals twelue Canons whom they called Decumans and many other officers of good place The king in such a manner instituted the Archbishop that he was not bound to goe to Rome and he contrariwise consecrated the king to bring him in the way to the Empire Wherefore this mote as it were in his eye the Pope did hardly beare with and so much the rather because the Bishop and Clergie of Milan would hold nothing of him in so much that their libertie being many times attempted by the Popes they could neuer make any breach thereinto Wherefore in the yere 1059 Stephen the ninth being Pope Arialdus a Decuman Clerke An. 1059. who agreed not well with Wydo his Archbishop conspired against him with Landolfus Cotta the gouernour of the people and this he doth vnder a pretence of deposing maried Priests in execution of the Papall Decree many times reiterated as we haue said before and for his better helpe herein he hath recourse to Stephen Wydo held a Councell at Fontanet neere to Nouaria where by the consent of all the Suffragan Bishops it was ordained That the Clergie men of what Order soeuer might lawfully marie wiues and in the citie the matter was decided with much controuersie the common people taking part with Landolfe the Nobilitie with the Archbishop An. 1059. Landolfe therefore in the yeare 1059 sends Arialdus to Nicholas the second to signifie vnto him the obstinacie of the Church of Milan and to intreat that there might be Iudges appointed to determine of this pretended heresie who presently not willing to omit so good an occasion dispatched away Petrus Damianus the Cardinall of Ostia with all the power and authoritie he could giue him who took for his assistant in this his legation Anselmus Bishop of Lucques who was afterward Alexander the second and so they came to Milan There what was done by Damian we cannot better learne than of himselfe who particularly sets downe the whole progression of his legation Hee had no sooner deliuered his charge touching the deposing of maried Priests as heretikes but presently the people began to be moued saying That the Pope had no authoritie ouer the Church of Milan and that they would not dishonourably lose that libertie which their auncestors had gotten and they had hitherto maintained and subiect themselues to the yoke of another Church and therefore at the ringing of a bel and sound of a trumpet they gathered themselues together to which they were the more animated because Petrus Damianus had placed the Bishop of Milan on his left hand and Ambrose of Lucques his assistant on his right The tumult neuerthelesse being pacified beginning his Sermon with the Supremacie of the Church of Rome and the absolute power thereof he told them That all other Churches were ordained of men but the Church of Rome onely had her foundation from God himselfe and therefore from her all other but especially the Church of Milan had taken their first beginning and rudiments of discipline to which likewise and to the Bishop thereof it was necessarie to be subiect because at his pleasure the heauens themselues were opened and shut and therfore he that should derogat any thing from his priuiledge should presently be censured for an Heretike Iudge therefore gentle Reader how well he had beene receiued by Saint Paul if he should haue said That those famous Churches which he founded from Ierusalem to Sclauonia had taken their beginning from man and not from God As for the Church of Milan he said That Nazarius a renowmed Martyr had receiued S. Peters Baptisme Petri Baptisma of Linus his successor and afterward with Celsin was martyred at Milan Sicut Scripturae testantur As the Scriptures beare witnesse And that the holie Martyrs Protasius and Geruasius whose bodies they did there worship had beene the Disciples of S. Peter as Ambrose himselfe witnesseth and therefore the Church of Milan as a daughter of the Roman Church did owe vnto her obedience as to her mother This conclusion is of the same nature as the rest before that is friuolous false blasphemous For

of God Hypocrites they oppresse the good persecute the humble seruants of Christ imprison and burne them for that they reproue their voluptuousnesse Such men murdered Christ the Apostles and Martyrs reputing them for herotikes for that they taxed their sinnes And indeed the histories of all nations are ful of the crueltie which in this age was vsed toward the professors of this truth 63. PROGRESSION Felix the fourth voluntarily deposeth himselfe and Nicholas the fift remaineth sole Pope Mahomet Emperour of the Turkes taketh Constantinople with the slaughter of many thousand Christians and the miserable death of the Emperour Paleologus Of the pride and corruption of Aeneas Syluius called Pius the second after he became Pope NOw after the death of Eugenius in the yeare 1447 Thomas de Sorzana was created Pope by the name of Nicholas the fift whilest Felix the fourth yet liued and raigned vpon which occasion many nations remained in neutralitie namely Germanie vnder the Emperour Frederick the third whose Secretarie Aeneas Syluius was of whom we haue before made mention one of the most notable defenders of the Councell of Basil Him had Eugenius knowing his excellent wit endeuoured by promises to bind vnto him but being preuented by death Nicholas continued the same batterie and that so much the more for that he had heard that Frederick had a purpose to come into Italie to bee crowned at Rome Frederick then by the persuasion of Aeneas Syluius who had gotten into great fauour with him vndertaketh that purposed businesse and fully finisheth it And Nicholas to content the Germans consenteth to certaine agreements contained in the Bull which beginneth Ad sacram Petri sedem dated in Aprill 1447. In which namely are the Annates brought to some order and generally are approued and ratified all the prouisions and expeditions of whatsoeuer kind as well of the Councell of Basil yet continued at Basil as of Felix the fourth also other censures excommunications Anathemaes and their releasements c. by the Bull which beginneth Vt pacis dated in Iulie 1449. By which meanes Nicholas remained sole Pope Felix voluntarily deposing himselfe from the dignitie Monstrelet vol. 3. whom hee appointeth his Legat in Germanie And so was the Councell dissolued And all this was done by the mediation of the kings of France and England of Renat●● king of Sicilie and Lewis the Dolphine The title of this Bull in the volumes of Councels is The approbation of the Acts of the Councell of Basil Yet because they hardly approue the same they set before it this other title The Councell of Basil is of little force Summa Constitut c. Meaning though it say nothing that all the things whatsoeuer which are not expressed in the same Bull are thereby disallowed as namely the sentence whereby the Councell is decreed to be aboue the Pope and others more of the like nature Neuerthelesse the force of our argument remaineth still firme That Martin the fift was created Pope onely by vertue of the like sentence giuen at Constance and otherwise had not beene That Eugenius was chosen by the Cardinals whom Martin had made and since Nicholas by them which Martin and Eugenius had promoted and consequently all their successors after them Therefore these are not true Popes nor lawfull Pastors which they haue ordained vnlesse these Councels remaine lawfull vnlesse their sentences keepe their authoritie Nicholas hasted to finish this agreement with the Emperour because of the yere of Iubilie at hand the market whereof would be much hindered otherwise vnto which was made from all parts so great a concourse that Platina recordeth Platina in Nichol. 5. when once out of the Vatican hauing seene the image of our Sauiour they returned to the citie a certaine mule of Peter Barbo Cardinall of S. Marke was met and stopped when none of the passengers by reason of the multitude following was able to giue place so that one another falling vpon the mule it was oppressed of the multitude and two hundred men and three horses were troden downe and choaked on the bridge of Hadrian Many also falling from the bridge into the riuer perished in the waters The yeare following Frederick arriued in Italie partly for to be crowned and partly for to marrie Leonora daughter of the king of Portugall Nicholas in the meane time being in great care and doubt least he mindfull of the auntient authoritie of Emperours would take vpon him the rule of the citie fortified the gates and the Towers the Capitol also and the castle of S. Angelo and to content the people with some shew of Magistracie he appointed thirteeen Marshals to command in xiij quarters of the citie to each of which he gaue a purble robe But Frederick fearing new commotions in Germanie made no shew of any such thing At that time Mahomet Emperour of the Turkes prepared himselfe to besiege Constantinople chiefe citie of the Christian Empire in the East and Nicholas made large promises of ayd to Constantine Paleologus so that he would ioyne himselfe to the Catholike faith that is to say make him be acknowledged supreame Bishop by the Greekes and to this end he sendeth Embassadour to him Isidore Bishop of Russia who after the Councell of Florence was ended had remained in Italie for a Cardinals hat to that end giuen him but this businesse alreadie attempted so many ages in vayne was of greater weight and consequence than could be vpon the verie instant suddenly by tumult determined So that this Emperour being brought into great extremities in that verie yeare 1453 in the moneth of May the citie being taken by force hee miserably lost his life with many thousands of men to the great dishonour and dammage of all Christendome Antonin part 3. Tit. 22. c. 13. Antoninus who liued then When the citie of Constantinople saith he was besieged by the Turkes the Greekes sent Embassadors to Pope Nicholas imploring his succours of men and money whom Nicholas would not heare thinking it a thing vnworthie to burthen Italie with impositions being alreadie exhausted of money for expenses of the warres especially for that he knew they might helpe themselues with their money if they would employ it for the leuying of souldiers A goodly consideration as if for lesser causes his predecessours had not often published many a Croisado euen against Christian Emperours and Princes But the truth is he did it of purpose to make a gaine out of his extreame daunger to get to himselfe a soueraigne commaund ouer the Greekes which is more than Antoninus durst say In the meane time that hee might turne the destruction of the Greekish Church to his owne commoditie he createth Bessario● a Greeke bishop of Nice whom Eugenius had made Cardinall Patriarke of Greece on condition that he should depend vpon him though the Greekes had chosen Gennadius Scholarius who in the middest of those calamities exercised that dignitie Bodin in Demonomania Jacob. Sprenger in malleo