Mercurial Medicines for that they operate not only by Vomit and Stool but oftentimes by Sweat Urine or Salivation do notably help A long and plentiful spitting or flux at the mouth hath perfectly cured some Mad people 3. The more strong Purging Medicines where strength and the constitution may bear them because they depress the raging of the Spirits and of the Blood and very much evacuate the Emunctories that are for the receiving the recrements of the Blood and nervous Juice do often bring help in this Disease For this use preparations of black Hellebore as chiefly its extract and Wine of the Infusion of its strings or the pulp of an Apple with the roots of it boiled together are much praised Take of the Extract of black Hellebore of Calamelanos of each one scruple make a Bolus Take Calamelanos one scruple of Diagridium from twelve to fifteen grains make a Powder Take of Confectio Hamech or of the Electuary of the juice of Roses half an ounce to six drams let it be given in broth Take of the Decoction of Senna Gereonis or of Epithimum with the roots of black Hellebore two drams six ounces make a draught Take of the Powder of Diasennae two drams let it be taken in Posset-drink In the mean time whilst these things are doing let the Preservatory Indication respect the cause of this Disease Wherefore with these frequent purgings and letting of Blood between whiles let altering Medicines or Remedies be used which may attemper the Blood and nervous juice and reduce them to their due temper if that the sick be tractable and orderly enough they will not refuse to take such things methodically Take of Crystal Mineral or of the best purified Nitre two ounces of Pearls powdered two drams of Sugar Candy two drams and a half of Camphor half a scruple let them be all beaten together to a moist fine Powder let two drams of this be put into a glass vessel that will hold two quarts of spring-Spring-water or of clear small Ale or Beer and â—â—ld let it be given for ordinary drink at pleasure Put to Whey being made hot the flowers of Violets or Water-Lilies and after they have infused for two hours let them drink it plentifully also the Spaw Waters are convenient for Mad people to drink orderly and plentifully Take of the tops of green and the tenderest Borrage and Bugloss each four handfuls three Apples pared of Sal Prunella two drams of Sugar half an ounce let them be bruised together and pour to them of Spring-water three pints make a strong Expression take half a pint thrice in a day or oftner Take of the Conserves of Borrage flowers and of Violets each three drams Confectio de Hyacintho of Alchermis each two drams of Coral prepared a dram and an half of the Powder of Pearls one dram of the Salt of Coral one dram of the Syrup of red Poppies what will suffice make an Electuary of which take two drams twice or thrice in a day drinking after it of the following liquor four ounces Take of the waters of the flowers of the Water-Lilie Borrage Bugloss and of black Cherries each four ounces of red Poppies six ounces of red Rose-water two ounces of Camphor tyed in a rag and hang'd in the glass half a dram of the Syrup of Coral one ounce and a half mix them and make a Iulep Take of the yellow flowers of the Willow-tree what will suffice let them be distilled in a common Still and let the Distillation be repeated by putting to it fresh flowers for three times Give of it four ounces twice or thrice in a day sweetning it with the Syrup of Water-Lilies Take of the leaves of the Willow Meadowsweet Pimpernel Borrage Balm each six handfuls of the flowers of the Water-Lilie of the tops of St. Iohns-wort each four handfuls of Camphor powdered three drams all being bruised together pour to them eight pints of new Milk let them be distilled in common Stills Let the brains of Weathers be distilled with Milk and give of the water three or four ounces thrice in a day Further there are to be used Specifick Remedies so called of which is famous a Decoction of Pimpernel with the purple flower also the tops of Hypericon or St. Iohns-wort and other Decoctions Opiates and Powders of Antilyssâ— are frequently noted among all the famous Empericks Concerning the cure of Madness excited from the biting of venomous or mad Animals for that it is almost only Emperical and commonly known we shall not discourse of it in this place and since we have elsewhere proposed our conjectures concerning it But a Decoction or an Infusion of Apples either raw or boil'd in Spring-water the liquor of Tea Emulsions with many other things whose forms we have shewn in the Cure of Melancholy are convenient in this case Moreover from Chirurgical Remedies besides opening of a Vein many other helps are wont to be had for the curing of this Disease Cupping-glasses with Scarification often help Blisterings Cauteries both actual and potential are praised of many Others commend cutting an Artery others Trepaning or opening the Skull others Salivation But these kind of administrations besides that their effects are uncertain can hardly be performed or not at all safely by reason of the intractability of the sick wherefore it were here superfluous to inquire into the reasons of help or cure to be expected from them The hair being shaven off sometimes it is expedient to apply to the forepart of the Head the hot Lungs of a Lamb or Weather and other Fomentations and so to change them But these sorts of Remedies also are hardly to be applied and repeated methodically because of the reluctancy of the sick and so often afford more hurt than help 3. The vital Indication institutes how mad people ought to be handled concerning their government dyet and sleep In this Disease there is no need of keeping up the flesh as in most other Diseases For the spirits ought not to be refreshed with Cordials nor strength to be restored with Medicines but on the contrary both being too raging of themselves things are to be administer'd as it were for the suppression or extinction of a flame raging above measure Therefore let the diet be slender and not delicate their cloathing course their beds hard and their handling severe and rigid But sleep for that it is very necessary ought to be caused sometimes by Anodynes for which end Hypnotick Remedies or Medicines above prescribed for Melancholy are also convenient in this Disease In inveterate and habitual Madness the sick seldom submit to any Medical Cure but such being placed in Bedlam or an Hospital for Mad people by the ordinary discipline of the place either at length return to themselves or else they are there kept from doing hurt either to themselves or to others There is no need to illustrate the nature of
the Heart or at least to the Skin and other parts of the Body Truly by observation after what manner these parts which supply the place of the Liver and Messentery in some Fishes and Insects are made something may be thence gathered concerning the uses of the Liver and of the Vessels both Miseraick and Milky in bloody Brutes In the Male Lobster above the beginnings of the aforesaid parts on either side from the sides of the Oesophagus the spermatick Bodies begin which being sent down towards the bottom of the Trunk and there being more compacted and made smoother after the likeness of the Epididimis or thin covering of the Testicles are terminated in two Yards the Tops of which have their going out thorow holes forged in the last little feet but one In like manner in the Female Lobster two nests of Eggs on either side of the sides of the Oesophagus and Ventricle are placed and pass into two Wombs planted in the lowest Trunk of the Body and into those thorow the holes forged in the last little Feet but one there lyes a passage to the genital Members also a passage from the Womb for the laying of Eggs so that it appears how these living Creatures are most fruitful with a multiplyed Issue when as nature seems to be careful and industrious about their genital parts being double and greater than in many other Brutes to wit that as they being both at once double they might produce both by the works of Generation Conception and bringing forth not only always Twynns but almost Miriads of Twynns Below the Ventricle yea and lower also then the beginnings of the other Viscera the Pericardium in which the beating heart is included is placed in the bottom of the Back the Systole and Diastole of the heart are strong and swift as in Creatures of Blood this appearing of a whitish Colour is indeed a Conick Muscle whose Cavity being sufficiently large is framed with Fibres or Columns also with many strong and various little Furrows The Aorta going forth from its top is cleft presently into two Branches which go towards the Gills The venae cavae one ascending the other descending meet together from the bottom of the Heart and there enter into its little ear The Heart whilst it is relaxed receives the vital humour from the vein and by and by when it is contracted drives it forward into the Aorta The crusty Fishes even as the shelly altho without Blood are indued with numerous and large Gills which are instead of Lungs to which that all the Vital humour may be frequently carried therefore not as in earthy Insects are they dispersed thorow the whole Body but on either side under the brim of the armed coat and being gathered together in one place are made into certain little bundles The inferiour and utmost part of the Gills which are broad and obtuse is fixed to the Sternon or meeting of the Breast with hanging little feet the upper part ascending under the Coat is loose and free and by degrees grows sharp otherwise than in Fishes with Blood whose Gills are tyed together being solid at either end In all the Gills of the Lobster Three Bosoms are found of which two seem to be made for the carrying in and out of the vital humour because a black Liquor being injected into the heart passes to the Gills and there passing first thorow one Bosom returns by and by thorow the other We will speak by and by of the third from these Bosoms appear productions of small Vessels as if it were feathery arising on every side thick set and short like jagged welts or fringes which being spongy sup up the Waters continually flowing to them at every turn of the Diastole and press them forth by Systole to wit for the end that whilst it is there unfolded within the small passages the food for the vital humour may be inspired The Third Bosom being carried from the top of every Gill to its Basis ends in the common Channel in all the Gills of the same side which nigh to the insertion of the highest Gill which beats perpetually gapes with a large gap Any one may easily perceive this in a live Lobster whilst it breathes out of the water for in every Systole or pulse of this supream Gill one may see a bubble of water break forth out of that hole Further if into that hole a black Liquor be injected by and by entring under that Common passage it passes thorow from thence both into all the Gills and the small and feathery Bosoms of them and also into the Arms and all the little feet the Cavities of which the Muscles do not fully stuff yea and into the Cavity of the Body In like manner wind being blown into that hole all the aforesaid parts will be inflated or blown up From hence we may guess that hole with the common channel and the three bosomes of Gills to be a certain Trachea or Wind-pipe into which plenty of water entring at every Diastole is returned back at the next Systole In the mean time these waters in this passage do not only Communicate with the Vital Humour abounding between the Gills but besides are laid up between the Cavities of the Members and the Trunk that they may supply these Fishes whilst they are kept dry with matter for respiration and therefore they not only longer subsist in the open air but also live for some time in a place void of all air In Crusty Fishes for that for the agitating the Gills as it were with Lungs the Ribs belonging to the Sides the Muscles of the Breast and other things are either wanting or by reason of the stiffness of the neighbouring parts are made unable it is performed by an admirable artifice as whilst the Gills for the most part being loose and are left easily moveable the several little bundles of them about the basis of the bony little Foot being included with the Muscles within their Cavities as it were so many hanging Ribs are fixed being drawn forth far beyond the Trunk of the Body which as so many distinct Pendulums by the help of the Muscles which they include being almost continually shaken cause also continual Systoles and Diastoles for the inspiring and exspiring of the Gills But it may well be doubted whether we ought to assign Souls of the nature of fire to these bloodless Creatures inhabiting the waters because they rejoyce in an Element that is deadly to fire it self and to the Lives of more perfect Brutes But this Problem shall be satisfied by and by when we have first discours'd of the Use of the Gills in Bloody Fishes as also concerning the Praecordia of these and others of a more frigid blood In the mean time the Third Table shews the Figures representing to the Life the parts of the Lobster Secondly After the bloodless Brutes their
are eaten which may open the Pores of the Tongue and clear away the sticking Viscousness As to the Nerves which serve to the Fibres of the Tongue thickly interwoven with it and which carry the Impressions of Savours to the chief Sensory it seems that they are of a double Kind for as Nerves are inserted in the Tongue from both the Fifth and the Ninth pair and are every where distributed thorow its whole frame with a most thick Series of shoots it is very likely that they are both Sensitive Concerning the Nerves sent hither from the Fifth pair the thing is out of doubt and as from the same pair other shoots are sent into the Nostrils hence we may say the reason is of that Consent which is between both these Sensories but indeed as to the Nerves bestowed also on the Tongue from the Ninth pair it may be something doubted because it is commonly believed that the Office of these serve to the Motion of the Tongue and to Speech wherefore from the same pair are sent certain branches into the Muscles of the Tongue and of the Bone called Hyoides which without doubt are destinated for their Motion Nevertheless thâ— it be granted that the Nerves of the Tongue and its Appendix inserted from the Ninth pair do bestow on them the moving Power which indeed is necessary to this Part as well for Tastings as for speaking to wit as the Tongue is very versatile it takes in with delight the Savours from every corner or recess of the Mouth yet what hinders that however the same Nerves should not serve for both to wit Motion and Sense For it appears that many Nerves which serve for the Sense of Feeling do in like manner serve for the performing of the Motions of those Parts to which they belong Wherefore as Tasting is a certain Species of Feeling it is probable that it enters in some measure through the moving Nerves of the Tongue it self neither does it appear otherwayes for what end Branches of the Nerves derived from the Ninth pair into the Tongue disperse such thick-set shoots into its whole frame unless they should serve for the receiving of the Particles of Savours coming from every Part. But for as much as after this manner two Nerves of a distinct Original belong to the Tongue and one of them arises from the Parts of the Brain and the other from the Cerebel Hence a Sension being carried inwards by the same it is stay'd from either at the Common Sensory and so according to the diverse Nature of the Object a pleasant and delectable fruition or an ingrateful and sad Aversion at once in either Government the Imagination and the Praecordia are affected There is a sufficient indulgement to the Taste for a reward of its necessary work to wit Eating therefore its Objects are sought far and near through the Regions of the whole World yea and all the Elements are imployed Further as to its Ministry all the rest of the Senses serve to this for nothing pleases the Palate unless the Sight and Hearing Smell and Touch approve it 'T is fit it should be so for this Sensory by which Food is conveyed for Humane Life and that it might enjoy great variety for the shunning of nauseous things and use a guard upon the rest for Discrimination lest instead of Food it might unawares take Poison The Speculation of Savours which are the next Object of Taste contains in it self very many Pleasant and no less Profitable things wherefore I think it will not be from the Matter to turn aside here a little into this Theory and as we shall divide all Savours into Simple and Compound First we shall rehearse what Nature suggests of that Kind particularly according to their several differences both of themselves and of the Subjects in which they are Then secondly we shall add the Parallels by what means and by what service of Art the same Savours in Subjects are produced anew in which they are not by Nature Thirdly After what manner Savours both Natural and Artificial are any way altered and changed in their Subjects or wholly perish It will be worth our while to discourse briefly concerning these and lastly somewhat of Compounded Savours Savours called Simple are commonly counted to be Nine viz. Sharp Bitter Salt Acid or Tart Astringent or Biting Sowre Sweet Oyly insipid or without Taste The first is sharp or biting Savour such as is felt in Pepper or Pellitory being chewed which probably arises as often as the Particles of any Body are smooth and sharpned and after that manner figured like the stings of Nettles that they may prick and very much dig into the Sensory In Subjects indued with a sharp biting Savour a volatile Salt or an Alchalisat or suffering a Flux from Fire very much exceeds other Elements First Concretes which have by Nature Particles so figured are accounted among Vegetables Hearts-ease or Trinity-Herb Pepper Aron Country-Mustard Sea-Lettice or Milk-thistle Mustardseed Pellitory Ranunculus c. Of Minerals Arsneck Sandaraâ—h c. Among Animals it is scarcely met with nor among their Parts a savour of this Kind unless perhaps some Insects as Cantharides c. Secondly Sharp biting Bodies produced by the help of Art are Mercury Sublimate Butter of Antimony Strong-Waters and Causticks the fixed Salts of Herbs made by burning to Ashes Calcined Vitriol the Rust of Brass c. The oftner things suffer Calcination and Fusion in the Fire the more biting sharp they are made because by this means the Pricks and Spears of the Particles are sharpned An Example is in the fixed Salts of Herbs calcined Vitriol the Infernal Stone c. Bodies which are biting sharp and Corrosives mixt together and committed to the Fire acquire a most sharp force of burning An example is in Mercury Sublimate and Stygian Waters the reason of which is because Salts of a like Kind being mixed together joyn their forces or edges and are at the same time very much sharp'ned by the fire It happens otherwise to Salts of a divers Kind as are Spirits of Vitriol and Salt of Tartar mixed together Sugar and Honey subjected to distillation exhale a Caustick Water also the Spirit of Wine highly rectified becomes biting sharp and burning because the Saline or Spirituous Particles in both Substances being deprived of the sweetness of the others put forth their Spears and Pricks Thirdly Which was the Third Proposition the biting sharpness in Bodies both Natural and Artificial is put away or altered after various wayes Mercury Sublimate highly Corrosive if another quantity of live Mercury be added and sublimed it takes away all acritude or biting sharpness and it becomes insipid or without taste The reason of which is that when the Particles of the added Mercury do grow to the little Spears of the Salts they do thereby become more thick and obtuse The Spirit of Vitriol and Salt of Tartar being
burning Water like the Lees of Wine distilled after the same fashion In both these and in the following Instance the additional sweetnesses are bruised by the saline little darts Sugar of Lead being fused by the fire melts into meer Lead if it be distilled in a Retort if we may believe Beguinus it will produce a burning and sweet smelling Spirit 8. The unctuous or oyly savour seems to be produced when the Particles of any Body are very Spherical and round which neither hawl prick nor tickle the Sensory but only stroke it with a gentle and soft coming to it In these the Sulphureous Principle predominates First Bodies naturally Unctuous or oyly among Vegetables are ripe Olives the Turpentine-Tree The Larix and some sweet smelling Gums naturally sweating forth Among Minerals Asphaltum Bitumen Amber Sperma Ceti and some fat Earths and Ochers Of Animals and their Parts the Sewet Marrow and Fat. Secondly Unctuous things prepared by Art are Butter Cream Oyls press'd out of Fruits and Seeds as Oyl of Nuts of sweet Almonds also Oyls drawn out of Seeds Woods Gums and Refines by distillation Thirdly Althô unctuosity is most difficulty taken away from the Subjects yet it is wont to be lessen'd for so Unctuous Bodies if they grow stale or are too much boiled or otherways grow hot by shaking losing their smoothness become rank and prick and dig the Sensory Further Sewet and Fat if they be long exposed to a moist Air contract a settlement and become hoary and then are resolved into Water or a corrupt Earth In this and in the former instance whil'st the mixture of the Body is resolved some Sulphureous Particles fly away in the mean time the remaining lose their Dominion 9. An insipid Savour or Taste seems to be made when the Particles of any Body are indued with superficial little Darts not at all sharp but smooth and discharged which enter not into the Pores of the Sensory and no ways dig or hawl it In these the Principle either of Water or Earth predominate over the rest First Bodies naturally insipid or tastless are Common Water especially Rain Water some cold Herbs the raw white of an Egg c. Althô in the whole world there is nothing insipid simply yet Speech is wont to apply it to them things in which some one of those Savours are not eminently which we have before recounted Secondly That Savory things may become Unsavory the more acute Particles ought wholly to fly away or be very much broken Herbs long kept also many more things if they be distilled by a moderate heat yield almost an insipid Liquor Thirdly Insipidness it self sometimes is taken away for insipid Water if it stand long that it putrifie acquires a stink and mouldy Savour The white of an Egg boiled hard has something a sharp taste In these kind of Instances some active Elements being before subjugated get strength Besides these Kinds of simple Savours which are as it were the Elements of the rest there remain yet many Complications of these simple ones as the Savours rehearsed are conjoyned one among another And for as much as by the Wisdom of Nature to satisfie all Palates and by the Luxury of Art that she might please the Throats of some manifold mixtures of Savours have been produced that almost nothing to be eaten is found simple and without Sawce or Condiment The several Compositions of these is a thing almost impossible to enumerate it shall suffice for the present that we note some of the more noted Conjugations and their Affections as they are grateful or ingrateful to the Palate The first Conjugation and that most grateful to the Palate is of acid and sweet of which sort are generous Wine Confections prepared out of Citron Wood-Sorrel Berberries c. Sugar'd things and sharp things pickl'd with Sugar Secondly Sweet and Astringent as also sweet and sower are well Consociated as in Marmalade of Quinces Candied Bulloes Cyder drunk with Sugar c. Thirdly Sweet and oyly yield a grateful Savour to the Palate but that brings a nauseousness to the Stomach as in Milk-meats Sugar'd-meats and Pasty-crust c. Fourthly Sweet agrees not with biting bitter or salt Savour Fifthly nor doth a bitter Savour of it self agree with any other it is grateful to the Palate well-tempered with the sweet Sixthly Salt-savour best agrees with the biting sharp as in flesh seasoned with Salt and Pepper it is an ingrateful Sawce with the oyly Seventhly The Acid Astringent and Sower are well associated with the sweet not with the rest There are more Kinds of some other Compounded Savours which we have no time now to recount But there are in respect of the Taste as the Compounded Tunes of Harmony in respect of Hearing in both sensible not simple Species of one Kind but are carried manifold and variously Complicated to the Sensory It now remains for us to pass from the Taste the Object of which we have largely handled to the other Species of the Senses CHAP. XIII Of the Sense of Smelling IT seems that the Smell is a more Excellent and a little more Sublime Faculty than either Tasting or Touching to wit because its Object is more subtle and comes to the Sensory with a thinner Consistency for there is no need to put upon the Organ the more thick substance of the mixture but it suffices that the Effluvia's or Breath sent from odorous Bodies thô at something a remote distance be inspired into the Nostrils together with the Air. Living Creatures are furnished with the Sense of Smelling for this end to wit that agreeable and wholesom Aliments may be known and discerned from disagreeable and hurtful for because it were an incongruous and dangerous thing to take in presently into the Mouth all things offered to be eaten and to be examined by the Taste lest perchance Venomous and Stinking things carelesly taken in by the Palate should bring loathing or hurt to it the Smell examines first the thing at a distance and refuses those rotten things or guilty of any other very infestous quality without receiving any hurt by the Contagion This Kind of Primary use is seen more excellently in brute Animals than in Man for they by this Index only most certainly know the Virtues of Herbs and of other Bodies before unknown yea hunt out and easily find their absent Food thô hidden from them by the Smell But that the Noses of Men are less quick or sagacious it ought not as some would have it to be ascribed to the abuse of the Faculty but the Cause lyes in the defect of the Organ it self for this is not so accurately required for the distinction of Humane Food where Reason and the Intellect are present For that Reason the inferior Powers in Man exist less perfect by Nature that there might be a place left for the exercise and dressing of the more superior As to what
Face then a fullness in the Head and a pain would infest them and especially after drinking of Wine or eating of Meats apt to swell up they would be more vexed The coming of the Disease is wont to keep its distance according as Meats are taken more or less as the Chyme begins to swell up either a little after its first entring into the Blood or after a little stay in it This Distemper is free from danger and for the most part is easily enough Cured After a provision of the whole a gentle Purge and sometimes Blood-letting being ordered Remedies profit most which restore the Complexion of the Blood such chiefly are Antiscorbuticks and Chalybeates Take of the Conserve of Fumitory of Tansie and Wood-Sorrel each two ounces of the Powder of Aron Compound three drams of Ivory Crabs-Eyes Coral prepared each one dram Powder of yellow Saunders and Lignum Aloes each half a dram of the Vitriol of Steel one dram of the Salt of Wormwood a dram and a half of the Syrup of the Five Roots what will suffice to make an Electuary Take of it in the morning and at five a clock in the afternoon the quantity of a Chesnut drinking after it three ounces of the following liquor Taâ—e of the water of the leaves of Aron of Vervine of Elderflowers each six ounces of the Water of Snails and the Magisterial of Earth-worms each two ounces of Sugar one ounce Mingle them Hither may be brought various Remedies that are wont to be made use of against the Scorbutick Dyscrasie or evil disposition of the Blood and may be given with good success For Headaches which are so familiar in the Scurvy oftentimes proceed from the vice of the Blood perverting the nutritious Humor and carrying its Recrements to the Membranes of the Head Wherefore Remedies against that Distemper in another place noted by me may be used here 6. There yet remains another humor to wit the nervous Liquor which being heaped up within the Fibres of the Meninges and of other parts of the Head sometimes becomes improportionate by its proper incongruity to the Fibres because sharp or otherways degenerate sometimes pulls the containing parts and provokes them into painful Convulsions or Distentions because it grows hot with some other Humor flowing thither to wit the Nutritious or the Serous The Nervous Humor when it is so Morbific or faulty in its whole Mass carries its evil to the predisposed Head or if of it self innocent is perverted within the distemper'd Fibres and so secondarily becomes Morbific or Diseased then the Cure of it depends upon the restitution of the containing parts to wit if the Debilities or the hurt Conformation of the Fibres may be mended presently the Humor watering them will be free from fault We shall tell you by and by by what Remedies the vices of the parts predisposed to Headaches may be taken away In the mean time if the nervous humor being degenerate in the whole Mass imparts its evil to the Head prepared for pain those kind of Medicines and method are to be made use of by which it being reduced to its due Constitution passing thorow those Fibres it little or nothing provokes them For which end neither letting of Blood nor yet strong Purges are at all convenient because those things which shake the Blood and Humors and lessen strength impress by that means a greater sharpness and rage to the faulty Nerve But gentle Solutives and a sparing taking of Blood sometimes may be useful whereby the Inwards may be cleansed and the bloody Mass somewhat purged and a way made for other Medicines that may better succeed But Medicines which render the nervous Liquor more friendly and benigne to the Membranes of the Head that are wont to be troubled by it are of that sort commonly called Cephalicks whose particles being active thin and subtil pass thorow the Blood without trouble or tumult then insinuating themselves with the nervous Liquor gently move it and so cause the nervous passages to be unfolded so that the Animal Spirits more freely beam forth thorow all the Bodies both sensible and motive and inspire them without any lessening Convulsions or irregular distentions These kind of Remedies although they are not always effectual yet they oftentimes take away some Headaches not much inveterate and in some help sometimes how pertinacious soever they be Further the same which are prescribed with good success for the pains of the Head are also for the distempers of the Brain and Nervous Stock and so on the contrary what are used for these also for those to wit the virtues of those being unfolded within the Head against the Apoplexy Palsie Lethargy and other Diseases a-kin to them help also within the moving Fibres against Convulsions and Convulsive Motions besides putting forth their virtues within the sensible Fibres they often give help to pains A very large field of these Medicines are opened in physical Books yet so that the poorness of them and their abundance bring confusion to the Method of healing for oftentimes among so many various and different Remedies heaped up together lye hid or obscured what may be of great use but even as Wheat among Chaff harder to be separated than that to be thorowly sifted out from the husks Therefore in this case a provision of the whole being made and applyed and things given which by Dyet or Medicine restrain the Inordinations of the Blood and immediately allay them Medicines called Cephalicks or such as take away the disorders of the nervous Juice are prescribed to be carefully taken I shall add some few forms of these Take of the Conserve of the Flowers of Betony of Clove-gilliflowers each three ounces of the Powder of the Root of the male Poeony half an ounce of Cretick Dittanny one dram of the wood Aloes and yellow Sanders each one dram of red Coral prepared of Pearl of Ivory each one dram and a half of the Salt of Vervine one dram and a half of the Syrup of the Flowers of Poeony what will suffice make an Opiat take of it to the quantity of a Chesnut drinking after it of the following Iulep three ounces Take of simple black Cherry water and of Walnuts and of Vervine each four ounces of Cowslip Flowers three ounces of Poeony Compound two ounces of Sugar-Candy six drams Take of the Flowers of Vervine Misleto Berries each ten handfuls of the male Poeony Roots two pound of Mace and Nutmegs each half an ounce of Coriander Seeds one ounce cut and bruise them and put to them eight pints of new-milk or else seven pints of Milk and one pint of Malago Distil them in a common Still and mix all the liquor together Take of it three ounces at a time Take of the Powder of the Root of the male Poeony half an ounce of red Coral prepared two drams of Ivory and Pearls prepared
nothing brought to it but that its passages like a course or wide strainer suffers all the grosser particles both Saline watery and earthy easily to pass thorow them Besides these more remote leading causes which become the act of the stirred up Morbific there are more strong Evident Causes for so great danger does not hang over the Brain as that its whole compass should be invaded from every morbid provision nor upon every light occasion But there are many and diverse occasions by which the sleepy assaults are seen to be incited the chief of these are great Surfeits Drunkenness especially of Wine or the Drinking immoderately of Strong-waters then after such excess to lye all night or sleep in the open Air further an evacuation of the Serum by otherways after having been long suppressed also if Spaw-waters being drunk in a larger quantity and not again render'd presently by Urine threaten a Lethargy And so also do recrements of other Diseases either not well or not at all Cured being translated to the Head so as a continual sleepiness often happens after acute Feavours or such as continue long and other Chronical Diseases and especially the Headach Frensie Empyema or collection of gross Humors upon the Lungs and the Colick Thus much of the Lethargy whose assault proceeds from the Cortex or shelly part of the Brain being affected to which succeed either an eclipse or an exclusion of the Spirits there inhabiting with a sleepiness and oblivion But as non-natural sleep so sometimes what is preternatural begins from the Spirits being first dejected and which is usual to succeed another Cause It is obvious to any one that this ordinarily happens from more strong Opiates without any previous flood or stopping of the cortical part of the Brain for it is not probable that Narcoticks stir up the Humors and send them to the Brain when it plainly appears that all the effervescences and flowings of these are allayed by them But if it should be asked after what manner and by what means Opiates cause sleep and sometimes a deadly Torpor or sleepiness we say That this Medicine is a certain kind of poison beating down or extinguishing the Animal Spirits by its blasting the Blood and solid parts in the mean time being almost untouch'd Wherefore when the Animal Spirits become raging and as it were struck with madness running hither and thither and will not be quieted and allayed Opiates being administer'd like water flung upon a flame destory some of the outmost bands of them so that the rest being lessened and flying inwards quietly lye down We have at large discoursed of these things in a particular Tract Of the Operations of Medicines on the Humane Body For the present we shall note which is to the purpose that Narcoticks or Medicines causing rest being taken at the mouth do put forth their powers partly in the Ventricle and indeed immediately and partly in the Brain both that and the Mass of Blood mediating By what means Narcoticks do operate whilst in the Ventricle and provoke sleep we have shewn Chap. XV. When they are moderate in either province they gently intoxicate some unquiet Spirits and so immediately quiet the rest but if any one takes Opiates in too large a Dose he shall presently feel hurt both in the Ventricle and in the Brain and a little after being insensible shall suffer a greater evil in either to wit a mighty heaviness and as it were an immoveable weight in the Stomach which seems to opress both it and the neighbouring parts indeed by this sign the Fibres of this place the Spirits which before actuated them being broken become without life and as it were dead then by reason of the Opiate particles being carried about with the Blood to the frame or compass of the Brain and instilled into its Cortical or shelly part the Spirits being driven away from thence or extinguished an irresistable and oftentimes a deadly sleep follows yea I have sometimes known from a more grievous hurt inflicted on the Ventricle only by the use of a more strong Narcotic Death it self to have followed before sleep could creep upon them coming by a long way about A strong man vexed with a most cruel Colick for ease sake whilst a Physician was sent for took rashly a great quantity of Opium a little after he had taken it he complained of a great burthen oppressing and mightily weighing down the Ventricle His Friends and the by-standers gave him Cordial waters Wine and Strong-Waters but without any ease This oppression creeping wider ahout the Precordia raised up pains and swoonings but still being awake and constant in mind he cryed out that his spirits more and more failed him till about three hours after complaining that his sight was gone he presently dyed But that we may return to the Lethargy as it is a Disease and not the effects of Opium whence we digressed concerning which we are yet to enquire whether it may arise from a Narcotick Humor begotten in us as some Chymists assert We shall tell you our conjecture that we think this 't is sufficiently plain that there are other sorts of Morbific particles produced in our Bodies than those commonly called Elementary and Humoral and that they do affect after a various manner viz. besides the Watery Earthly Bilous Phlegmatick or Melancholic we may find others Vitriolick Nitro-sulphureous and others participating of enormous Sulphurs and Salts and active to our evil The Convulsive Pathology can by no other means be delivered and explained unless by supposing that some extraneous little bodies and as it were Nitro-sulphureous which sticking to the Spirits and at last cast off by them stir up the Explosive that is Convulsive force In like manner we may think that others of another nature may perhaps be begotten such as are of a Sulphureous Vitriolick or Narcotick nature which when they creep into the Brain and nervous Stock fall upon some Animal Spirits which they by chance do meet with extinguishing and fixing them ordinarily induce their losses and eclipses such as happen in the Vertigo Apoplexy or Palsie as we shall more fully shew hereafter In like manner in a great fit of the Lethargy though it be improbable that these kind of Narcotick particles should be in heaps derived from the Blood into the Brain in so great a quantity that they should at once overturn the spirits dwelling in its whole precincts and fix them yet we may believe that this may be some part of the Cause Wherefore in every long sleepiness or Lethargick disposition we do suspect the Animal Spirits to be burthened with such a Lethaean Copula and that we should direct the darts of every Medicine against it Thus much concerning the formal reason subject and causes of the Lethargy properly so called the summ of all which is That the Animal Spirits the inhabitants of the exterior Brain being hindred from their wonted
Nature they either pursue their functions or the nervous Fibres every where erect themselves and put forth their utmost endeavours that they might drive forward the Blood flowing in them and Circulate it with a rapid motion I once visited an illustrious Lady who for some time had been miserably afflicted with Colick and Convulsive distempers and quite worn out and at length fell suddenly into a deadly Lethargy When I perceived her Pulse to beat strongly I prescribed that four ounces of Blood should be taken out of the jugular Vein which immediately leap'd from the opened Vessel with such force that I believe if it had been suffered the whole Mass of Blood would have flowed thence for the next day after her dead body being opened I found scarce four ounces more of Blood in her whole Body and yet she dyed thus in a Feavour The reason of the Lethargick Feavour is wholely the same which is seen to arise only from the Vital Organs being very much incited by labouring Nature and therefore vehemently driving about the Blood The prognostick of the Lethargy is shut within a strait limit for the fit of the Disease being for the most part acute is soon terminated either in Death or health and for the most part it is wont to give more of fear than of hope If it comes upon a malignant Feavour or hard to be cured or if it comes upon other Cephalick or Convulsive Diseases as the Headach Phrensie Madness Epilepsie or also upon a long and grievous Colick or Gout the Physician can predict nothing but evil nor is it less to be feared if it happen in a Body full of evil Humors or one long sick or in an old Man In like manner it is an evil omen if the sick being presently overwhelmed with a great Torpor or stupidness and almost Apoplectick cannot be awakened and if he breaths unequally and slowly or with a great snorting then the Disease increasing and the sick troubled with tremblings Cramps leapings of the Tendons and at length with Convulsive Motions it is to be esteemed desperate or without hope But if the Distemper be excited without any great foregoing Cause with an only Evident Cause as a Surfeit Drunkenness or by the use of Narcoticks a blow on the Head or some not deadly stroke we may expect the event to be less deadly or mortal Then if the Distemper arising from such occasions happens to a Body before whole and strong if it does not wholly take away the Sense and Memory at the first assault and after a short time the symptoms begin to remit a little of such a sick person you ought not to despair In every Lethargy if any Cause of the Disease is seen to be cut off and removed so that if by the help of Medicines or the instinct of Nature copious and helpful evacuations by Sweat Urine or by Stool do follow with ease or help or if by applying of Blistering Plasters a great deal of water flows forth if a swelling or great whelks or pustles break out behind the Ears or in the Neck if frequent sneezing happens or water flow from the Eyes or Nose thence a certain hope of health may be expected Hippocrates l. Coac c. 145. mentions a Cure of the Lethargy to be often made by the distemper of the Thorax saying That many Lethargicks that are stuffed with Phlegm have recovered Which words are wonderfully wrested by Interpreters Mercurialis understands by suppuration the putrified matter of the Disease to be evacuated by the Ears and Nostrils Prosper Martianus will have Hippocrates to be understood in the word Lethargy not the disease of the Head but of the Breast But wherefore are all these subterfuges when it often happens that the Morbific matter at first fixed in the Head and stirring up a continual sleepiness or Lethargy the same being thence supped up by the Blood and deposited in the breast doth produce an Empyema or a spitting like those whose Lungs are wasted In the description of a Soporiferous Epidemical Feavour which raged in the year 1661. we noted the same to have happened to many Concerning the Cure of this Disease for that it has no respite or truces it is not to be deliberated on after a sharp Clyster being given let a Vein be opened presently for the Vessels being emptied of Blood they are more apt to sup up the Serum or other Humors deposited in the Brain Further in this case I advise rather to open the Vein in the Neck than that in the Arm. Because by this means the Blood being very much heaped up within the bosoms of the Head and perhaps standing still is more easily reduced to an equal Circulation Letting blood being performed immediately other remedies of every kind are to be made use of Let Vesicatories or blistering Plasters be applied largely to the Neck and Legs anoint the Temples and Face with Oyl of Amber or Cephalick Balsoms lay over all the Feet a Cataplasm or Poultis made of Rue Crowfoot and Pepperwort with black Sope and Bay-salt use hard frictions or rubbings to the Members frequently apply to the Nostrils Salt of Urine or Spirits of Sal Armoniac Then let there be administred Cephalick Remedies Take of the Water of Poeony Flowers of black Cherries Rue and of Walnuts simple each three ounces of the Water of Poeony Compound two ounces of Castor tyed up in a rag and hung in the glass two drams of Sugar three drams mix them and make a Iulep let it be given about four or five sponfuls every three or four hours also with every Dose of this give twelve or fifteen drops of the Spirits of Amber or of Sal Armoniac or a paper of the following Powder Take of the Powder of the Root of Poeony the male of a Mans Skull of the Root of Virginian Serpentworth or Snakeweed of Contrayerva each one dram Bezoar and of Pearl each half a dram of Coral prepared one dram make a Powder and divide it into twelve parts Further here it is to be considered whether an evacuation either by Vomit or Stool should not be made I know that this is variously controverted among Authors and I have also known it performed with various success which being weighed and laid together I shall briefly propose my opinion If the Lethargy should arise upon a Surfeit or a late Drinking or if from taking some disagreeable things or Narcoticks presently let a Vomit be given wherefore you may give Salt of Vitriol with Wine and Oxymel of Squills or in strong bodies an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae with black Cherry water Let it be given and if it doth not work of it self provoke Vomiting with a Feather thrust down the Throat But if the fit of the Disease comes upon a Feavour or any other Cephalick Distempers or if it be raised up primarily or of
in the compounded Poeony water and boiled up to the consistency of Lozenges six ounces make Lozenges according to art weighing each half a dram Eat of them three or four twice in a day drinking after every Dose of the liquors before mentioned Take of the Powder of Virginian Snakeweed two drams of the lesseâ— Galingal one dram of the gummed extracts of the remains of the distillation of the Elixir Vitae of Quercitan two drams of the Flowers of Sal Armoniack or the most pure Volatile Salt of Sut or Harts-horn one dram of the Balsom of Peru one scruple of the Balsom of Capivus what will suffice to make a mass let it be made into small Pills involved in the Species Diambre The Dose is half a dram evening or morning Take of the Resine or Gum of Guaicum three drams of the Species Diambre one dram of the Chymical Oyl of Guaicum rightly rectified one dram and a half of liquid Amber what will suffice to make a mass let it be formed into Pills to be taken after the same manner If that the Palsie happens in a Cholerick temper or to a young Man it admits only of milder Medicines and all the more hot things and Elastick do but imbitter the Disease The following forms are in use for the taking away of its foregoing cause Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Betony of Fumitory of Primroses each two ounces of the Species Diambre one dram of Ivory Crabs Eyes and Claws each four scruples of the Powder of the Flowers of Poeony two drams of Lignum Aloes of yellow Sanders each one dram of the Salt of Wormwood one dram and a half and with the Syrup of the Flowers of Poeony what will suffice make an Electuary The Dose is two drams twice in a day drinking after it either the simple water of the Flowers of Aron or of the following Compounded Water three ounces or of the Decoction of Sage with the leaves of Tea infused in it four or six ounces Take of the Roots of Aron or Cuckopint of the male Poeony Angelica Imperatoria each half a pound of the Flowers of Sage Rosemary Marjoram Brooklime Water-Cresses each four handfuls of the rinds of six Oranges and four Lemons of Primroses Cowslips Marigold flowers each three handfuls let them be all bruised and cut and pour to them of new Milk six pints of Malaga Wine one quart distil them in common Stils and let the whole liquor be mixed together Sometimes instead of the Electuary may be taken between whiles for fourteen or fifteen days of the Syrup of Steel of which let one spoonful be taken in three ounces of the distilled Water It may be made after this manner Take of the whitest Sugar dissolved in black Cherry Water and boil'd up to a consistency eight ounces adding to it of our Steel in Powder three drams let them be stirred together over the fire and then by degrees pour to it of the Water of Rosemary warm twelve ounces let it boil gently for a quarter of an hour scumming it and pouring it forth warm thorow an hair sieve or strainer There may be also made steeled Lozenges after this manner to wit with Sugar sufficiently boiled with Steel adding of the Chymical Oyl of Amber or of Rosemary half a dram and presently let it be poured forth that it may flow into a consistency of Lozenges The Dose is two drams twice in a day drinking after it of distilled Water or of the following Apozem six ounces Take of China Root one ounce of the shavings of Ivory Harts-born each half an ounce of white and yellow Sanders of the Wood of the Mastick-tree each half an ounce let them be infused in warm water and close stopt for a whole night six pints in the morning add to them of the Roots of Chervil of sweet smelling Avens of Broom and Parsley each one ounce and a half of the dryed leaves of ground Ivy Sage Germander Betony each one handful of Coriander seeds three drams let them be boiled till half is consumed then add to it of white Wine half a pint and strain it into a jugg upon the leaves of Water-Cresses bruised two handful Let it infuse warm and close shut for two hours strain it again and keep it in a close Vessel well stopt In the Scorbutick Palsie the Juices and expressions of Herbs do often bring notable help Take of the leaves of Brooklime Water-Cresses and Plantan fresh gathered each four handfuls bruise them together and pour to them of the distilled Water but now described eight ounces squeese the juice strongly forth and keep it in a glass and take of it twice or thrice in a day three or four ounces At the extream Physical hours viz. Morning and Evening may be taken these following Pills Take of Millipedes prepared three drams and a half of Pearls one dram and a half of the Root of the Cretick Dittany one dram Venice Turpentine what will suffice to make a mass let it be formed into small Pills the Dose is half a dram drinking after it a draught of the distilled Water For ordinary drink let there be prescribed either a Bochet of Sarse China yellow Sanders c. or small Ale with the dryed leaves of ground Ivy boiled in it and of Sage with the Wood of Sassafras infused therein 2. Whilst these things are doing for the taking away the foregoing cause of the Disease there is no less a curatory care required for its conjunct cause to wit that all obstructed places being opened they might admit the Animal Spirits free from stupefaction and that they may pass freely thorow There are two chief kinds of Remedies which conduce to those ends viz. one particular and private to be applied to the distemper'd places to wit that by Fomentations Oyntments Plasters and such like outward applications the sleepy Spirits might be awakned and their passages opened the other universal to wit that the Blood and Spirits and the other humors and the active Particles flowing in the whole Body being very much agitated and put into a rapit motion like a torrent they might cast down and remove all impacted heaps or stays by which the Spirits are obstructed The administrations used to the distempered parts are so ordinarily and commonly known that it were superfluous to insist here on the describing them more largely First Liniments made out of Oyls Oyntments and Balsoms are to be applied according to the temper of the Patient more or less hot and with frictions or strong rubbing twice a day Sometimes before these are made use of Fomentations made of Cephalick Herbs or spices boiled in Spring Water adding to it sometimes Strong Waters Wine or Bear or their Lees. Further oftentimes it is convenient to make about the distemper'd places Blisters and to use Cupping-glasses and Medicines to take away the hairs and to raise pimples Little Bags and Plasters often help Moreover
Medicines and Purging unless very gentle have very rarely any place here Cataplasms of Rue Chamomel Vervine Bryony Roots red Poppies with Sope may be laid all over the Feet or instead of them may be applied Pigeons or Chickens cut up and laid warm In the mean time as you see occasion there ought to be prescribed Iuleps Apozems Powders and Confections by which the rage of the Blood and the burning of the Animal Spirits may be allayed Take of Pipin Water Black Cherry Water and Cowslip Water each four ounces Water of the whole Citrons two ounces of Pearl powder'd one dram of Syrup of the juice of Citron one ounce mingle them and make a Iulep let three ounces be taken three or four times in a day Take of Grass Roots of the Leaves of Wood-Sorrel and Pimpernel each one handful of Barly half an ounce of Apples cut of Currans or Strawberries or Rasberries one handful let them be boiled in four pints of spring-water till a third part be consumed clarifie it and strain it then add to it of the Syrup of Violets one ounce and of Sal Prunella a dram and a half Take of the Leaves of Borage fresh gathered and young four handfuls of Wood-Sorrel two handfuls two Apples sliced of Sal Prunella two drams the pulp of one Orange of white Sugar one ounce let them be bruised together and pour to them of spring-water two or three pints let them be strongly squeezed forth and kept in a Glass and cleared from its setling let six or seven ounces be taken of this often in a day when they will For the quenching of thirst let the excellent drink of Palmerus viz. spring-Spring-water with Sugar and the juice of Lemons or Water or Posset-drink with Elm leaves or Pimpernel infused or boiled in it be drunk Emulsions of the Decoction of the roots and flowers of Water-Lilies with Melon-seeds or else Spring-water distilled with the pulp of boiled Apples dissolved in it Hypnoticks or Medicines causing rest are often very necessary in this Disease but yet the stronger are not convenient in the beginning nor let them be frequently used because sleep caused by Opiates carries more morbific matter to the Brain and fixes it more deeply there Take of the Water of Cowslip flowers four ounces of the Syrup of Poppies half an ounce of Pearl one scruple make a drink to be taken at night late Take of the Seeds of white Poppy two drams of Sugar-Candy a dram and a half bruise them together and pour to them of white Poppy Water six ounces make an expression to be taken after the same manner Narcoticks or Stupefying Medicines which are made of things meerly cold are cautiously to be exhibited because they agree not with some who have the Fibres of their Stomach very tender and sensible I have often observed these kind of Hypnoticks to have stirred up a great oppression in the Ventricle and then presently an Inflation or blowing of it up and a little after distractions and inordinations of Spirits use to follow in the Brain yea in the whole Body so that there was not only a frustration of sleep but great disquietness was stirred up Take of liquid Luadanum prepared with the Salt of Tartar or the juice of Quinces Let a Dose of it be taken in a convenient liquor Things inviting Sleep as Epithems or moist Medicines applied to the Temples and Forehead are often used with success of which sort are Rose-cakes dipt in Vinegar Rose-water and grated Nutmeg and Embrocation or washing with Water or Milk Oyntments of Oyl of Nutmeg by expression Oyntment of Poplar to which sometimes may be added of Opium five or six grains or a Cake of Poppy flowers with Vinegar and Nutmeg c. Further for this end rather than for the taking away the inflammation of the Meninges the hot Lungs of a Lamb or Weather as also Pigeons or Chickins slit in two do often give notable help Also for this use Housleek bruised and mixt with a Womans Milk and applied to the hinder part of the Head being shaved is wonderfully praised Also the Epithem of Penotus of twelve grains of Nutmeg of Camphir half a scruple and the Tincture of Rose-water impregnated with red Sanders twenty ounces is commended by some Further they are wont to apply Epithens not only to the Head but also to the Heart Liver and other parts A little bag of silk may be applied to the Praecordia with Cardiac Species being sewed or quilted in it with silk and sprinkled with Rose-water or Vinegar of Roses also rags wet in Rose Vinegar may be laid to the Testicles The Feet way be hathed with a Decoction of Willow leaves Lettice or the heads of white Poppy But these kind of cooling Topicks only and cherishers are to be used in the beginning of the Disease but in its height resolves and softners are to be added as the Flowers of Chamomel Melilot Elder c. also the leaves of Mallows Orage Marjoram Hysop and such like In the declining of the Disease resolvers only and those sparingly are to be administred In the mean time there ought to be great means used for keeping up of strenght for that too much failing all hopes of Cure is lost For strength is quickly worn out by reason of great watchings the perpetual agitations both of the body and mind a thin Dyet and Phlebotomy sometimes often requisite Wherefore great care must be had lest whilst we endeavour to root out the Disease by Purging or frequent letting of Blood we should suddenly debilitate the Vital Function If this begins to fail the Phrensie being let alone a better dyet may be granted and especially Cordialls are to be used Take of the Tincture of Coral half an ounce take of it twenty drops twice or thrice in a day with a Dose of a Cephalick or a Cordial Iulep or let it be given with Coral dissolved in Milk made with the juice of Oranges one spoonful often in a day Take of the Rob or Conserves of Rasberries and Barberies one ounce of prepared Pearl of Magistery of Coral each one dram of Confection of Hyacinthae two drams Syrup of the juice of Alchermes what will suffice make a Confection and let the quantity of a Nutmeg be taken three or four times a day drinking after it of the following Iulep three ounces Take of the Water of the Flowers of Water-Lilies red Roses and of Elm leaves each three ounces of the Syrup of Coral two ounces of the Cordial Water of Saxony one dram mingle them Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Water-Lilies and of Violets each one ounce the Stalks of Lettice candied or preserved half an ounce of the Powder of red Coral bruised in a morter with the juice of Orange and dryed two drams of the Species of Diamarg frigid one dram of white Poppy seeds one dram and a half with what will suffice of the Syrup of the
Ammoniacum solut what will suffice make four Pills let them be taken with Government The Powder of Haly the Powder of Valesco de Tarenta of Peveda and others are very much commended And indeed in Country bodies or robust this Cathartick may seem convenient Take of Epithimum half an ounce of Agarick Lapis Lazuli each three drams Scammony one dram Cloves thirty make a Powder the Dose is from half a dram to a dram Take of the Powder Diasenna of Diaturbith with Rhubarb each half a dram make a Powder let it be taken in a draught of Posset-drink in a Decoction of Epithimum simple four or five scruples Take of the best Senna two ounces of the Roots of Polypodia of the Oak two ounces of Epithimum one ounce and a half of yellow Citrons half an ounce of Tamarinds one ounce of Coriander seeds six drams boil them in Barnet water four pints till half be consumed strain it and let it be evaporated in a warm Bath to the consistence of a Syrup adding towards the end of pure Manna and of white Sugar each four ounces make a Syrup the Dose is two spoonfuls or three in three ounces of some convenient distilled water or in any other liquor Or Take of the same liquor evaporated to the consistence of Honey six ounces of fresh Cassie four ounces of the jelly of Currans two ounces of Cream of Tartar of the Salt of Wormwood each one dram and a half of the Powder of Diasen two drams of yellow Sanders powder'd two drams mix them and make an Electuary Dose three drams to half an ounce Purging is not to be used continually nor too frequently yea it suffices that it be administred within six or seven days space and at other times let the belly be taken down by Clysters if it be bound As to other Medicines which are not evacuators though the Ancients relied not much upon them we put our greatest confidence of Cure in them For they to whom also many moderns consent thought there was nothing more to be done for the curing of Melancholy than to Purge forth the Melancholick humor wherefore making Purges their chiefest business they instituted the other Medicines called Preparatory only for the sake of this to wit making it their scope that as soon as the humor being reduced to a fit consistency by altering Medicines and that the ways for its excretion were open enough then that it should be carried forth of doors by Purgers Which kind of Hypothesis seems not agreeable neither to reason nor to Medical experience because Melancholick people rather receive hurt than help by often Purging how methodically soever it be instituted Therefore we placing the cause of this Disease in the Dyscrasie of the Blood and Spirits and in the weakness or evil conformation of the Viscera and the Brain esteem altering and corroborating Medicines to be in the first rank for Remedies and for the sake of these that Purgers may be used sometimes between whiles Therefore Purging being rightly prescribed at due intervals for the removing impediments as to the rest you may proceed according to these forms Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Gilliflowers and of Brage each two ounces and a half of the rinds of Myrobalans preserved six drams of Coral prepared and of Pearl each one dram and a half of Ivory and Crabs Eyes each one dram of Confection de Hyacintho two drams of the Syrup of Coral and red Poppy what will suffice make an Electuary take two drams Morning and Evening drinking after it three ounces of the following Iulep or the distilled Water Take of the water of the Flowers of Cowslips and of black Cherries each six ounces of Balm four ounces of Dr. Stephens his Water two ounces of Sugar six drams mingle it and make a Iulep Take of the leaves of Balm Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Water-Cresses and Brooklime each four handfuls of the flowers of Pinks Marigolds Borrage and Cowslips each three handfuls the outer rinds of six Oranges and six Lemons being all cut and bruised pour to them Whey made of Cyder eight pints distil it in a common Still and mix all the liquor together Take of the Powder of Pearl of Ivory of Coral prepared each two drams of the Species Laetificant or making merry of Diarrhod Abbatis each one dram of the Oyl of the rind of Citrons half a scruple of white Sugar dissolved and boiled to the consistence of Lozenges in what will suffice of Balm Water six ounces make Lozenges according to art weighing a dram take two or three at nine of the Clock in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after it a draught of the distilled Water or of Tea Or Take of the Roots of Chervil of Polypodium of the Oak each one ounce and a half of the leaves of Harts Tongue Ceterach Scolopendria Germander each one handul of Tamarisk half a handful of the bark of the same half an ounce of Raisins of the Sun stoned two ounces one Apple cut let them be cut and bruised and boiled in four pints of Spring-water to the consumption of a third part about the end add of the leaves of Water Cresses one handful let it be strained and clarified take of it six ounces twice or thrice in a day sweteen it with Syrup of Fuâ—itory Spaw-Waters coming from Iron are wont oftentimes to give great benefit for the Curing of Melancholicks to wit because they being plentifully drunk wash out salino-sulphureous Tincture of the Blood and destroy its evil ferment Moreover they wipe clean the silthiness of the Viscera unlock obstructions and what is of great benefit they corroborate by their astriction both the weak and too loose Viscera and also shut up the little mouths of the gaping Vessels of the Brain by which a passage lay open into it for the extraneous matter together with the nervous juice And for this reason to wit by corroborating the Viscera and by locking up the passages of the Head Vitriolickâ— prepared of Iron are wont to be given profitably in Melancholy and also in the Vertigo Take of our Steel prepared three drams put it into a quart of the Water above described take of it three or four ounces twice in a day by it self or with any other solid Medicine Take of the filings of Iron one ounce put it into a glass with the juice of Oranges two ounces let it stand for a day shaking it sometimes then pour to it of the Water of Pipins and of White Wine each one pint or of the more thin and sweet Cyder one quart take of it three ounces twice in a day after the same manner Take of the Vitriol of Steel of the Cream of Tartar of Crabs Eyes each one dram mix them make a Powder and let it be divided into nine parts Take one part every Morning in a draught of the distilled Water or the Decoction or
use and in a long time together with an exact method or Government concerning the fix non-naturals often bring great help in this rank the chief are Medidicines indued with a Volatile Salt and Balsamick Sulphur forasmuch as these exalt the fixed Salt and reduce what is Acetous besides bitter and astringent things as these Herbs Chamaepitys Centaury Germander the Roots of Gentian and Aristolochia or Birthwort c. as by experience has been approved of in this Disease for this reason seem to be profitable because they help the offices of Concoction and Chylification or making of Chyle and restrain the Saline fixed feculencies or dregs that they may not be carried into the Blood We shall here set down some forms of each of them Take of the Powder of Chamaepitys six drams of Crabs Eyes two drams of Venice Turpentine what will suffice make small Pills take three or four Morning and Evening for thirty or forty days drinking after them of the following distilled water two or three ounces Take of the leaves of Cypress Tree of the Ash and of Misleto of the Apple tree each six handfuls of the roots of sweet smelling Avens Burdock each one pound the outer rinds of ten Oranges and of six Lemons of Nutmegs and Mace each one ounce let them be all cut and bruised and pour to them seven pints of new Milk and of Malaga one pint let them be distilled according to art and the whole liquor mixed together Or let there be a simple Water prepared of the leaves of Burdock by pouring it twice or thrice upon fresh leaves Take of the Powder of the Seeds of Burdock six drams of Crabs Eyes two drams of Nutmeg half a dram of Capive Balsom what will suffice to make a Mass which form into small Pills let four be taken Evening and Morning for many days Take of the Tincture of Antimony one ounce the Dose twenty drops to twenty five Evening and Morning with three ounces of the water but now described For poor people I was wont to prescribe after this manner Take of the Powder of the leaves of Sage half a pound of Crabs Eyes and of the Sugar of Crystal each two ounces mix them let it be kept in a Glass and take one spoonful twice in a day with a draught of a Decoction of the leaves of Sage or of the roots of the Burdock Or of the Powder of Dorncrellius prescribed to be taken after the same manner Take of the Powder of the leaves of Germander of Gout Ivy of the lesser Centaury of Marjoram of Sage of Betony of the roots of Gentian and of round Birthwort each one ounce of Sugar one pound mix them and make a Powder Or of the Powder of John Anglicus called by himself Saracenick Take of the Powder of the leaves of Chamaepitys one ounce the bones of a Mans foot burnt two drams of Liquorish three drams mix them For ordinary drink let there be prepared a Bochet of Sarsaparilla of Saunders wood of Rhodium shavings of Ivory Harts-horn c. or let there be prepared small Ale in a Vessel holding about four gallons instead of Hops let their be boiled the leaves of Germander and Chamaepitys and after it has work'd put into it of the leaves of dry Sage four handfuls of Sassaphras two ounces of the roots of sweet smelling Avens eight ounces Among Altering Medicines a Milk dyet has not the last place that the Patient should use for three or four Months no other food let him drink Morning and Evening new Milk from the Cow about noon and at other times let him eat white Bread boiled in Barly or Water-gruel of Oatmeal I have known some by this kind of dyet to have received notable help but others to have received much hurt or to grow worse by the use of Milk and the Gout being nothing cured to have contracted great obstructions of the Viscera and a Cachochimical disposition or fulness of evil humors Therefore this method is not rashly to be entered upon without the counsel of a prudent Physician and by a sedulous observation whether it be convenient or not Of late it has been a common custom for people having the Gout to drink every Morning their own Urine which I know has been beneficial to some The reason of which help seems to be because the Saline Latex of the Vrine passing thorow the Blood doth carry with it to the Reins the Saline fixed Particles that were before wont to be carried into the joints Wherefore this method when it is helpful to the distemper of the Gout for the most part encreases the Stone which I think sufficiently appears from the following History A very Learned and Pious Man of this Nation and also the glory of Learned Men Dr. H. H. after he had lived for many years grievously obnoxious to freqent fits of pains of Vomiting and a making of bloody Urine at length by the constant use of the following Remedies he lived above seven years almost free from the Stone and without any grievous Fit The method of Cure which had been taught him by a certain Gentleman was after this manner without any Physick or medicine abstaining from Wine and Cyder he drank for his ordinary drink small Ale made of Oaten Malt further once in a week in the Morning he took a draught of the same Ale to about a pint with the Powder of small old rotten Bones three spoonfuls dissolved in it By the use of these within a few months he seemed to be in health and freed from the Stone but shortly after he began to be sick of the Gout and was infested with most grievous Fits of it all the time he was free from the Stone and at length upon every light occasion was become so obnoxious to them that presently after feeding if he exercised either his body or mind by walking or study he most certainly expected the Fits of his pains The reason of which was because the Blood being filled to a plenitude with Saline fixed Particles and the nervous Liquor still with Acetous when being incited and also poured forth on the fresh nutritious juice they grew turgid presently they deposed their superfluities viz. the Morbific matter of either kind into the very weak Joints This venerable person therefore being tyred out with so frequent and almost continual torture by the counsel of a certain Friend drank every morning of his own Urine by the use of which within a month or two he was less tormented with the goutish Fits but with an evil turn the Distemper of the Stone began to grow again upon him for he was from thence troubled with a pain about his Loins with Vomiting and a pain in making water and a little after a total suppression of Urine followed which being not to be helped by any Remedies in about a fortnights time this Reverend Gentleman dyed The Carcase being opened all the Viscera except the
much more profitably to be given by which when the Blood is poured forth and its serosities plentifully precipitated the nourishment of the Disease is cut off and the bloody Mass being emptied receives part of the Morbific matter so that its reliques are more easily shaken off For this end Take of the best Spirit of Tartar rectified half an ounce let half a dram be given twice or thrice in a day in a spoonful or two of the following Iulep drinking after it five spoonfuls of the same Take of the Water of the leaves of Burdock or of Aron or of Arsmart one pint of the Water of the flowers of Elder and of Chamomil each four ounces of the compound water of Gentian of the compound Water of Raddishes each two ounces of Sugar six drams mix them together After the same manner as the Spirit of Tartar may be given in a just Dose sometimes the Tincture of the Salt of Tartar sometimes the simple mixture or the Spirit of Sal Armoniack succinated or impregnated with Amber Take of Millepedes prepared two drams of the flowers of Sal Armoniack Tartarized one dram of the Oyl of Nutmegs half a scruple of Turpentine what will suffice make a Mass and let it be made into Pilâ—s take three or four once or twice in a day drinking after it a Dose of the Iulep or of the following distilled water five or six spoonfuls Take of fresh Millepedes or Hog-Lice cleansed one pint and a half the outer rind of six Oranges and of four Lemons six Nutmegs let them be cut small and add to them one pound of the crumbs of stale white Bread all being bruised together and well mixed pour to them four pints of new Milk and of Sack one quart let them be distilled according to art and the whole liquor mixed together you may sweeten it with Sugar or the Syrup of Violets as you please In a long and pertinacious Colick to those who are of a more cold temperament and Viscera Purging Spaw Waters or Whey with the Syrup of Violets are wont to be given oftentimes with great help for both liquors where they are agreeable being plentifully drunk refrigerate the stomach and the hot Intestines and presently loosen and help them in their painful Cramps and wrinklings or from the Convulsive winds or blasts that extend them besides they chiefly help as I suppose for that they tame and subdue the Saline Particles of another nature insinuating themselves into the Morbific Mine and other Saline and irritative Particles inhabiting it and oftentimes carry them forth by Purging In this Disease as all things are not convenient for all men yea neither the same thing always for the same person there is dayly need of the careful observation of a prudent Physician that by the co-indications from things taken that hurt or help a right method of healing may be instituted and varied as occasion serves 2. The Vital Indication ought to be joyned to the Curatory and that between whiles For when the sick being afflicted with torture watching Vomiting and abstinence almost continual often fall into languishment and sometimes in danger of their lives Remedies which sustain strength refresh the Spirits and procure some truces against the fierceness of the Disease to wit Cardiacks or Cordials and Hypnoticks or such as cause rest have here their turns Take of the Water of the flowers of Chamomil and of Elder each four ounces of Barlyed Cinnamon and of the whole Citron each two ounces of Pearl powdered one dram of Sugar three drams make a Iulep take of it five or six spoonfuls Take of the Powder of Pearl and of Crabs Eyes each one dram let it be divided into four parts let one part be given twice or thrice in a day with the Iulep or with a Decoction of the roots of Contrayerva Take of the Conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers one ounce of the Confection de Hyacintho of Alchermes each two drams of Pearl powdered half a dram of the Syrup of the juice of Citrons what will suffice make a Confection give of it the quantity of a Nutmeg three or four times in a day with the Iulep In less hot Constitutions Spirits of Harts-horn of Sut of Sal Armoniack impregnated with Amber also the Tincture of Antimony or of Coral do oftentimes give notable help Opiates are of necessary use in the Disease of the Colick without which the sick cannot live nor the Physicians nor those who attend them be at quiet or have any leasure time Take of the water of Cowslip flowers three ounces of the Syrup of Poppies half an ounce of Aqua Mirabilis two drams mix them and make a draught to be given going to sleep If the pains be very strong and yield to no such Remedy prepared Opium and its compositions ought to be given The Laudanum of Paracelsus or the London Laudanum Pills of Styrax or of Hounds-tongue are convenient a Solution of Tartarisated Opium from sixteen to twenty grains is much used by me Which Medicine indeed I have given with very good success to some that for a long time have been miserably vexed with this Disease sometimes a great while every night or every other night 3. The Preservatory Indication hath only place in the intervals of the fits and endeavours the taking away the present foregoing cause of the Disease and hindring it for the future so that the fits of the pains may seldom or never afterwards return For which end the Blood and the nervous liquor ought to be purified leâ—t they should beget the morbific matter and conserved in its due temper and the Brain and the nervous Infoldings of the Abdomen corroborated leâ—t they should too readily receive it For these ends a strict dyet being ordered let them enter into a course of Physick Spring and Fall such as we prescribed for the prevention of the Gout Vomiting in this case is never to be omitted if it be agreeable to wit by which the Emunctories of the Viscera being emptied the Recrements of the Blood and the nervous Liquor which otherwise would augment the morbific matter may be received more plentifully besides the nervous Infoldings and all the parts are so shaken that nothing of that which is about to go into the Mine of the Disease is suffered to stagnate or to be heaped up there Let Purging for three or four times with due intervals and also in a hot Constitution Phlebotomy be celebrated moreover let altering Remedies and especially Chalybeats or such as are made out of Steel when they do not Purge be daily taken at medical hours But before all other Remedies whatsoever the drinking of Mineral Waters such as come from Iron for a month in the Summer time is wont to give the greatest help But when these are drunk you must take heed that they be rendred well and quickly by Urine or Stool lest if they should chance to stay long in the body
by running into the Head or Feet as they often do they should cause a Vertigo or the Gout Take of our Tincture of Steel one ounce and let fifteen to twenty drops be taken twice in a day in seven spoonfuls of the following Iulep Take of the Waters of the leaves of Aron and of Burdock each half a pound of the Magisterial of Earth Worms of Gentian compound of Poeony compound each two ounces of Sugar half an ounce mix them After the same manner here deservedly have place the Tincture of Antimony and of Amber yea and many other altering Remedies above prescribed for the Distempers of the Head may also be used for the preservation from the Colick whose foregoing cause proceeds from the Brain As to Charles Piso's Observation by which he endeavours to prove that the cause of the pain of the Colick remains wholly in the Brain because he had found a Serous deluge in the Head of a certain person dead of that Disease I say that this Serum being heaped up in the head was the remote and antecedent cause of this Disease and not the conjunct cause But indeed it is probable that from this first spring a certain portion of this superfluous and sharp Serum did descend by the nervous passage into the nervous Infoldings of the Abdomen and there constitute the Mines of the Colick Distemper Further although the Morbific matter there sliden down because of the tenuity of the parts and the smallness of the nests can rarely be seen with the eyes yet I have plainly seen and handled such a Mine of this Disease become inveterate and very cruel not long since in the Mesentery opening the dead body of a certain Gentlewoman of whom I have elsewhere made mention Being sometimes since consulted with concerning the curing of a Reverend old Man grievously obnoxious for many years to the Disease of the Colick I administer'd to him the same method of healing and the Remedies I but now described by the use of which he found himself much better after a month or two and within half a year he seem'd to be perfectly well so that he lived afterwards wholly freed from any fits of the pains But the Colick disposition had not long ceased and he had omitted the usual course of Medicine but he suffer'd about his throat a resolution or loosning in the Muscles serving for swallowing which troubled him oftentimes so that he was in danger to be choaked by Food and chiefly by liquid things sticking in that place Against this evil receiving help by Antiparalytick Remedies he continued from thence six or seven years in moderate health at last being taken the first time in the midst of a journey with an Apoplexy he dyed It is obvious enough in this case that the Recrements of the nervous liquor that were wont to be deposed about the nervous Infoldings of the Abdomen did at first stir up the Distemper of the Colick then the same being shut forth from that part getting another nest for themselves about the Ganglioform nervous Infoldings of the Throat brought in the resolution or short Palsie of the Oesophagus and lastly by reason of the same matter restagnating in too great a plenty in the middle part of the Brain that deadly senslesness followed A certain cunning and crafty little Lawyer about fifty years of Age was wont to be troubled for many years with a periodical Headach and with a stupor or numness of his Senses and a great weight of his head about the middle of Summer labouring very much with the aforesaid Distempers he perceived a sudden ease from the applying of Topical Remedies but a little after he was taken with a very cruel Colick then being the first time whose fit fell upon him with so much cruelty that his strength suddenly failing he fell into frequent swooning fits with a cold sweat which fit notwithstanding by leasure vanished within twenty four hours without any breaking of wind or going to Stool But after that he suffer'd frequent fits and became obnoxious to the Disease all which as I was carefully informed for the most part were usher'd in with a pain of the Head with a Vertigo and amazedness or stupidity and from hence he was wont to presage the pains of the Colick would very suddenly follow In a certain fit which lasted for twelve days with great cruelty the sick person himself observed and told me that whilst the distemper troubled him in his Belly he felt no trouble in his head but the Colick pains remitting presently the Vertigo returned with the Headach from which reciprocal translation of these Symptoms from the Head into the Belly and so on the contrary from the Belly to the Head we may lawfully argue that the same Morbific matter flowing in the nervous Passages falling down sometimes below brought in the Colick Passion and sometimes above and restagnating caused those distempers of the Head Hither may be referred what Charles Piso hath accurately observed concerning himself being wont to be affected with Cephaâ—ick distempers and the Colick pains by turns and with a mutual dependency Sect. 4. C. 2. p. 355. Not long since a certain studious young Gentleman and living a sedentary life began to complain of a great stupidity of his senses and a dulness as also of a great weight of his Head and almost continual sleepiness further his Ventricle or Stomach was become so slothful and stupid that he wanted all manner of Appetite whilst a Cure was instituted against this evil disposition by Remedies which roused up the Spirits and shook off their burthens this Gentleman fell into a most cruel Colick Passion which he was never obnoxious to before from which a most cruel pain like the boreing of an Auger possessed the middle of the Abdomen his Navil being drawn inwards and notwithstanding the daily use of all kind of Remedies it continued for three weeks with great cruelty that in the time he could take no rest but what he received from Narcoticks nor could he receive any ease from his pains unless by an hot fomentation Certainly in this case it is plain enough to every one that the impurities of the nervous liquor being gathered to a certain fullness was the immediate or conjunct cause of the whole sickness which matter subsisting first in the Head brought in the notable stupidity of the Brain and the oppression of the Animal Function then being fallen down by the passage of the Nerves into the nervous Infoldings of the Abdomen caused that cruel and daily Colick FINIS A TABLE A. AFfections how wont to be iterated and how allayed or obliterated 49. they are more than eleven 54. the two primary affections or gestures of the Soul are pleasure and grief 48 Altering Medicines are of the greatest moment in the cure of melancholy Diseases and not purging Medicines as the Antients thought 196 Anatomy of an Oyster 9. of a Lobster 11 Anger its
The Spirit of Vinegar being poured upon Salt of Tartar and drawn off by distillation becomes insipid Spirit of Vitriol poured upon Quick-silver and drawn off by distillation putting away its acidity acquires a taste like Allum and if we may believe Helmont passes by Coagulation into true Alum Distilled Vinegar impregnated with the solution of Minium or red Lead grows wonderfully sweet 5. The Sower austere or binding or astringent Savour arises in Bodies whose Particles are stuffed with very many little Spears and Hooks which in chewing being rolled upon the Sensory are fixed to it and greatly draw together and pull its Fibres not much unlike as if a Comb which Cards Wool should be drawn up and down upon the hands In substances indued with an austere savour a fixed Salt enwrapped with the Particles of the earthy Element predominates First Bodies naturally austere among Vegetables are the Fruit of the Medlar-Tree of the Dog-Bryer of the Cypress-Tree Flowers of Pomegranat Galls Slows Sumach c. Among Minerals Alum Iron Vitriol Among living Creatures or among their Parts there is not as I remember any austere savour to be met with Secondly Bodies Artificially produced which have an austere sower or rough savour are all made Vitriols to wit the Vitriol of Silver of Steel of Tin of Copper c. The reason of which is because in these Minerals the Saline Particles are very much intangled with Terrene and they continue in the same state when they are drawn forth from their Substances by the soluted Mixtion Spirit of Vitriol being drawn from Mercury by frequent Cohobations acquires a Pontick or Aluminous Savour Thirdly As to the Instances by which an austere sower or rough taste may be taken away out of all Substances it is to be observed that Vitriol of every Kind by long distillation and circulation with the Spirit made of Wine grows sweet and loses its astringent force If waters impregnated with Vitriol be poured into Oil of Tartar there will be precipitated a certain thickish Matter wonderfully sweet Steel Tin or Lead being dissolved in Vinegar and Coagulated by Evaporation go into sweet Salts Further it is a common Experiment If having before tasted Vitriol you take the fume of Tobacco at your Mouth the austere taste at first impressed on the Sense is changed into a plainly honied sweetness the reason of which is because the Sea-salt Particles such as are in Vitriol being mingled with the Sulphureous out of the burnt Tobacco create a sweet Savour from whence also we may Collect that Sugar and Honey are of a Sulphureous-saline Nature which also clearly appears by their distillation for as much as they like Salt Minerals yield an Acid and very Corrosive Stagma 6. Of Kin to be the austere is the acerb or sower taste the Particles of whose subject are indued with little Tenters or Hooks or Claws but which are more dull and blunt and with which they strike the Sensory and stop up its little Pores and being once fixed they are not easily removed whence a stupor or numness in the Teeth and Palat is caused not unlike Burdocks which being fixed to the Skin become troublesome and are not easily shaken off In acerb or sower biting Bodies a fluid Salt implicated with an earthy Matter excells First Bodies naturally sower among Vegetables are unripe Fruits as Grapes Pears and Apples and most of all Wildings Crabs or wild Apples thô kept till they are mellow also sower Herbs Among Minerals or Animals there is nothing easily to be met with that has a sower Taste Secondly Bodies that are made sower anew are chiefly Wine and Beer degenerating into a deadness through Age or Thunder also Leaven or Bread too much leavened Broths and Milk-meats if they Contract a settlement and hoariness become sower because in all those Concretes disposed to Corruption the Saline Particles being exalted and tending towards a Flux carry forth also earthy Particles involved with themselves Thirdly As to the taking away of this Taste we have observed That sower Fruits do grow sweet either by the goodness of the Air and Sun in sower Fruits brought to maturity or by the goodness of the Ground or Soil as when wild Apples translated to a good Soil grow sweet the reason of either is because the Spirituous and Sulphureous Particles before subjugated at length Predominate over the Saline If Wine degenerated into deadness is impregnated with new Lees of Tartar it shall recover its Vigor The like happens if a Can of good Wine be poured into a Vessel of sower Beer or Ale Wine growing dead if it be distilled often yields a sweet Spirits and in no less quantity that if the Wine had been in its full strength because the Spirits before subjugated in that Mixture recover their Dominion by distillation Seventhly The sweet savour seems to be made for as much as the Particles of any Body are so figured into soft prickles that they tickle the Sensory with a soft rubbing and from thence stir up a delightful Sense of Pleasure like as if feathers were applyed to the Sides or the Soles of the Feet In these the Saline Principle seems to be associated with Sulphureous and Spirituous and when they are in like manner are carried forth First Those which are naturally sweet are among Vegetables first Sugar and Manna then Cassia ripe Fruits Grapes Raisons some Roots as Parsnips c. Among Animals some ascribe Honey but others more rightly say that is swet out of Plants and gathered by Bees Among Minerals nothing that I know hath naturally a sweet Savour Secondly The things which have a sweet Taste and are made by Art are the Sugar of Lead Salt of Steel Lythargites yea and out of many other Bodies Vinegar extracts a sweet Salt Tasting Vitriol before-hand as was said and then taking a Pipe of Tobacco the smoke grows sweet like Honey In this and in the former instances whil'st the Saline little darts grow to the Sulphureous Particles or Saline of another Kind both of them become more blunt An Alchalisat Spirit and the fixed Salt of any Body being mixed and circulated by a long digestion acquire a sweetness Barley soaked in Water when it begins to sprout and dried with a gentle fire grows exceeding sweet And Wheat in like manner also if being wet it sprouts yields a wonderfully sweet Meal the reason of which is because by that Artifice the Sulphureous and Spirituous Particles overthrown by the Earthy get their Liberty Thirdly There are many Instances by which sweetness is abolished for all sweet things too much boiled grow bitter Sugar or Honey by distillation yield at first an insipid Phlegm then sharp and burning Spirits In the dead Head remaining after distillation is a burning Salt and an insipid Earth and whatever is sweet perishes Further Sugar or Honey being mixed with a great quantity of Common Water and distilled through a Bladder yield a