salivation If any Ulcers arise in the mouth and spread therein they shall be touched with the formerly described waters but made somewhat weaker having regard to the tender age of the patient if the Infant shall get this disease of its nurse let the nurse be presently changed for it being otherwise nourished with tainted and virulent bloud can never be healed Many have by these means recovered but such as have perisht have not perisht by the default of medicines but by the malignity and vehemency of the disease A description of the Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water formerly mentioned A Treacle-water â„ž rasor intereor ligni sancti gummosi lbii. polypod querni â„¥ iv vini albi dulcedinis expertis lbii. aqua fontan puriss lbviii aquar cichor fumar an â„¥ iv sem junip. heder baccar lauri an â„¥ ii caryophyl macis an â„¥ ss cort citri saccaro condit cons ros anthos cichor buglos borag an â„¥ ss cons aenulae camp theriac vet mithrid an â„¥ ii distil them all in Balneo Mariae after the following manner Let the Guaicum be infused in equal parts of wine and the fore-mentioned waters for the space of twelve hours The manner of making it and the residue of the things in that which remains of the same wine and waters for six hours space beating such things as may require it then let them be mixed together that so the liquor may be endued with all their faculties Which that it may be the more effectually performed let them be boyled put up in glass-bottles closly stopped for some three or four hours space in a large kettle filled with boyling water then let them be put into a glass Alembick and so distilled Give â„¥ iv of this distilled liquor at once being aromatized with Ê’i of Cinnamon and ℈ i. of Diamargariton and â„¥ ss of Sugar to give it a pleasing taste Such a drink doth not only reâ—und the virulency of the Lues Venerea but strengthens the noble parts Rondeletius makes an Aqua theriacalis after this manner Rondeletius his Treacle-water â„ž theriac vet lbi acetos m. iii. rad gram â„¥ iii. puleg. card ben an m. ii flor chamoem p. ii temperentur omnia in viro albo distillentur in vase vitreo reserve the water for use whereof let the patient take â„¥ ii with â„¥ iii. of Sorrel and Bugloss-water he wisheth this to be done when he shall enter into bed or a stove for so this distilled liquor will cause sweat more easily and mitigate pain whether given by it self or with a decoction of grommel or of China or burdock-roots yet if the patient be of a phlegmatick constitution he shall use a decoction of Guaicum in stead of a decoction of China for it penetrates more speedily by reason of its subtilty of parts and also expels the dolorifick matter The end of the Nineteenth Book The TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Small Pox and Meazles As also of Worms and the Leprosie CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pox and Meazles FOR that the small Pox and Meazles are diseases which usually are fore-runners and foretellers of the Plague not onely by the corruption of humors but oftimes by default or the air moreover for that worms are oft-times generated in the plague I have thought good to write of these things to the end that by this treatise the young Surgeon may be more amply and perfectly instructed in that pestilent disease Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humors in the body Now the small Pox are pustles and the Meazles spots which arise in the top of the skin by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by the force of nature What the smal Pox and Meazles are Their matter Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the womb which lying still or quiet for some space of time but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter Summer or a southerly or rainy season or a hidden malignity in the air and boiling up or working with the whole masse of the blood spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body An argument hereof is there are few or none who have not been troubled with this disease at least once in their lives which when it begins to shew it self not conâ—ent to set upon some one it commonly seaizeth upon more now commonly there is as much difference between the small pox and meazles as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo For the small pox arise of a more gross and viscous matter to wit of a phlegmatick humor But the meazles of a more subtil and hot that is a cholerick matter therefore this yeilds no marks therefore but certain small spots without any tumor and these either red purple or black But the small pox are extuberateing pustles white in the midst but red in the circumference an argument of blood mixed with choler yet they are scarce known at the beginning that is on the first or second day they appear but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tumor becoming white before they turn into a scab but the meazles remain still the same Why the Meazles do not itch Furthermore the small pox prick like needles by reason of a certain acrimony and cause an itching the meazles do neither either because the matter is not so acrid and biteing or else for that it is more subtil it easily exhales neither is it kept shut up under the skin The patients often sneeze when as these matters seek passage out by reason of the putrid vapors ascending from the lower parts upwards to the brain They are held with a continual Fever with pains in their backs itching of their nose head-ach and a vertiginous heaviness and with a kind of swounding or fainting a nauseous disposition and vomiting a hoarsness difficult and frequent breathing an inclination to sleep a heavines of all the members their eyes are fiery and swollen their urine red and troubled For prognosticks wee may truely say this much That the matter whence this affect takes its original pertakes of so malign pestilent and contagious a quality that not content to mangle and spoil the fleshy part it also eats and corrupts the bones like the Lues Venerea as I observed not onely in Anno Dom 1568. but also in diverse other years whereof I think it not amiss to set down this notable example An history The daughter of Claude Pique a book-sellar dwelling in S. James his street at Paris being some four or five years old haveing been sick of the small pox for the space of a moneth and nature could not overcome the malignity of the disease there rose
saith he saw one which livad and recovered after a great portion of the brain fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the year of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgeon to the Marshal of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoits received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregma with a fracture and so great an Effracture of the bone that the quantity of half a hasel Nut of the brain came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to be deadly a Physitian which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the brain but a certain fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen Why fat cannot be generated under the skull convinced the pertinacy of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the skull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animal spirits and the heat of vapours rising thither from all the body Signs of a fatty substance they do not suffer fat to concreat about them But with experience for that in dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swim on the top of water but this substance as marrowy cast into the water presently sunk to the bottom Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquid and melts but this substance being laid upon a hot iron became dry shrunk up and contracted it self like a piece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgment was right of that substance that came forth of the skull Yet though it was cut away the Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deaf all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the Wounds of the Face HAving treated of the wounds of the head by their causes signs and cure Why we treat in particular of wounds of the face it follows that we now speak of the wounds of the Face if but for this that when they are carelesly handled they leave deformed scars in the most specious and beautiful part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the skull that is external But this may be added to the kinds and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the ear eye nose lip may be cut away by a wound but not so in the head or skull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye-brows we will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefly to be observed in wounds of the eye-brows that they are oft-times cut so overthwart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which move and lift them up are wholly rent and torn A thing to be observed in wounds of the Eye-brows In which case the eye-lids cannot be opened and the eyes remain covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the Patient would look upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which infirnity I have seen many troubled yet oft-times not so much by the violence of the wound as the unskilfulness of the Chirurgeon who cured them that is by the negligent application of the boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit future In this case the skilful Chirurgeon which is called to the Patient shall cut off as much of the skin and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eye-lids that so they may by their own strength hold and keep open without the help of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall pour thereon some of the Balsom of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts â„ž Olei rosar â„¥ ss album â—vor nu ij boli armen sanguinis Dracon Mastich ad Ê’ j. agitentur simul fiâ— medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting Ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast de gratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacaleitheos or some other like until the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unless they either be associated with some malign symptoms or the Patient's body be repleat with ill humors Lagophthalmia is a quite contrary to the falling down of the Eye-lids There sometimes happen a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-brows that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the Patient is forc'd to sleep with eyes open wherefore those which are so affected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalmi The cause of this affect is often internal as a carbuncle or other kind of abscess as a blow or stroak It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-lids but so that the extreams of the semicircle bend downwards that they may be pressed down and joyned as much as is needful to amend the stifness of the eye-lid But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must be performed as is fit CHAP. XXIV Of the Wounds of the Eyes WOunds of the Eyes are made by the violence of things pricking cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must always be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth assoon as you can lifting and turning up the eye-lid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discern this moat or little body then put three or four seeds of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained Eye For these seeds are thought to have a faculty to cleanse the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deep in nor do too stubbornly adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following Instrument for herewith we open the eye-lids the further putting it between them and the eye and also keeping the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets we may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The delineation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the Eye-lids and keep the Eye steddy it is so mâ—de that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatness of the Eyes A repercussive to be put into the Eye All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the strains of a dozen eggs let them be beaten in a leaden Mortar with a little rose-Rose-water and so put into the eye
so it may hinder the lips from joining together again Then shall you apply a plaister upon the lint and so binde up the part with a fitting ligature that may somewhat press upon the whole eye lest it should lift it self somewhat upwards again and so return into its ancient but not natural figure But in cutting the skin you must take care that your incision harm not the gristle for if it be cut the eye-lid falls down neither can it be afterwards lifted up But now for the lower eye-lid it is subject to sundry diseases amongst which there is one which answereth in proportion to that which we late mentioned which is when as it is lifted upwards little or nothing but hangs and gapes and cannot be joyned with the upper Ectiopion or the turning up or out of the eye-lid and therefore it doth not cover the eye which affect is familiar to old people it is called Ectropion and it may be helped by means formerly delivered CHAP. VII Of the Chalazion or Hail-stone and the Hordeolum or Barly-corn of the Eye-lids THe Chalazion is a round and cleer pimple which growes upon the upper eye-lid Paul cap. 6. lib. 6. it is also moveable and may be stirred this way and that way with your singers The Latines call it Grande for that it resembles a hail-stone Another pimple not much like this growes sometimes upon the verges of the eye-lids above the place of the hairs It is termed Hordeolum by reason of the similitude it hath with a barly-corn The matter of these is contained in its proper cist or skin The cure and therefore is hardly brought to suppuration At the first beginning it may be resolved and discussed But when as it is once grown and concrete into a plaster or stone-like hardness it is scarce curable Wherefore it is best to perform the cure by opening them that so the contained matter may slow or be pressed forth If the pimple or swelling be small then thrust it through with a needle and thread and leave the thread therein of such length that you may fasten the ends thereof with a little of the emplaister called Gratia Dei like glue to the forehead if it be on the upper eye-lid or to the cheeks if on the lower You must draw through a fresh one every second day as is usually done in chirurgical setons For thus at length the swelling will be destroyed and made plain CHAP. VIII Of the Hydatis or fatness of the Eye-lids THe Hydatis is a certain fatty substance like a piece of fat What Hydatis is seated and lying under the skin of the upper eye-lid It is a disease incident to children who are of a more humid nature wherefore it is a soft and loose tumor making the whole eye-lid which it possesseth oedematous so that as if depressed with a weight it cannot be lifted up It hath its name for that it hath as it were a bladder distended with a whayish humor which kinde of fault is observed by Galen in the liver Those who are thus affected Com. ad aphor 55. sect 7. have their eyes look red and flow with tears neither can they behold the Sun or endure the light The cure is performed by cutting off the superfluous substance The cure not hurting the neighbouring parts and then presently put some salt into the place whence it was taken out unless the vehemency of pain hinder that so the place may be dried and strengthened and the rest of the matter if any such be may be consumed and hindred from growing again Lastly you shall cover the whole eye with the white of an egg dissolved in rose-water or some other repercussive CHAP. IX Of the Eye-lids fastened or glewed together SOmetimes it cometh to pass that the upper eye-lid is glewed or fastened to the under so that the eye cannot be opened or so that the one of them may stick or be fastened to the white coat of the eye Paulus cap. 15. lib. 6. or to the horny This fault is sometimes drawn from the first original that is by the default of the forming faculty in the womb for thus many Infants are born with their fingers fastened together with their fundaments privities and ears unperforated the eye in all other respects being well composed The cause The cause of this affect sometimes proceeds from a wound otherwhiles from a burn scald or impostumation as the breaking of the small-pox It is cured by putting in a fit instrument and so opening them but with such moderation that you touch not the horny coat The cure for otherwise it would fall out Therefore you must put the end or point of your probe under the eye-lids and so lifting them up that you hurt not the substance of the eye divide them with a crooked incision-knife The incision made let the white of an egg beaten with some rose-rose-water be put into the eye let the eye-lids be kept open yea let the patient himself be carefull that he often turn it upwards and lift it up with his fingers not only that the medicine may be applyed to the ulcer but also that they may not grow together again In the night time let a little pledget dipped in water and that either simple or wherein some vitriol hath been dissolved be laid thereon For thus you shall hinder the eye-lids from joyning together again Then on the third day the parts or edges of the eye-lids shall be touched with waters drying without biting or acrimony that so they may be cicatrized But if the eye-lid adhere to the horny-coat at the pupilla or apple of the eye the patient will either be quite blinde or very ill of sight For the scar which ensues will hinder the shapes of things from entring to the chrystaline humor and the visive spirits from passing forth to the objects For prognosticks you may learn out of Celsus that this cure is subject to a relapse so that it may be shunned neither by diligence nor industry A disease subject to relapse but that the ey-lid will always adhere and cleave to the eye CHAP. X. Of the itching of the eye-lids MAny have their eye-lids itch vehemently by reason of salt phlegm which oftentimes excoriating and exulcerating the parts themselves yields a sanies which joyns together the eye-lids in the night time as if they were glewed together and makes them watry and bleared This affect doth so torment the Patients that it oft-times makes them require the Physitians help Wherefore general medicines being premised A detergent Collyâ—ium the ulcers shall be wasned with the following Collyrium â„ž aquae mellis in balneo mariae distillatae â„¥ iij. saccari candiÊ’ j. aloes lotae in pollinem redactaeÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium Which if it do no good you may use this which follows â„ž Vng Aegyptiac Ê’j dissolve in aquae plantiginis quantitate sufficienti Let the ulcerated eye-lids be touched with a soft linnen
Aries because that sign hath dominion over the head Then let the Surgeon consult a Physician whether purging or blood-letting be convenient for the patient so to resist plethorick symptoms otherwayes ready to yield matter for relapse Two dayes after you must make choice of a place furnished with indifferent oâ— competent light The place and the Patient being fasting shall be placed in a straight chair so that the light may not fall with the beams directly upon him but side-wise The eye which shall be cured must be made more steddy by laying and binding wooll upon the other Then the Surgeon shall seat and place himself directly against the patient upon a seat somewhat higher and bidding the patient put his hands down to his girdle he shall hold the Patients legs between his knees One shall stand at the patients back who shall hold his head and keep it from stirring for by a little stirring he may lose his sight for ever Then must you prepare and make ready your needle The Needle and thrust it often into some strong thick cloth that it may be as it were smooth by this motion and for the performance of the work in hand with the less pain somewhat warmed It must be made of iron or steel and not of gold or silver it must be also flatted on the sides and sharp-pointed that so it may the better pierce into the eye and wholly couch the Cataract once taken hold of and lest it should slip in the Surgeons hand and be less steddy it shall be put into a handle as you may see by the following figure A Needle inserted in a handle for the couching of Cataracts All things being thus in a readiness you must bid the patient to turn the sight of his eye towards his nose and the needle must be boldly thrust for it is received in a place that is void and only filled with spirits directly by the coat Adnata in the middle space between the lesser corner and the horny-coat just against the midst of the Cataract yet so as that you hurt no vein of the Adnata Gal. lib. 10 de â—â—u p. râ—iâ—m 5 â—els lib. 7. and then by stirring it as it were diversly untill it come to the midst of the pupil and suffusion When it is come thither the needle must be inclined from above downwards to the suffussion and there to be stirred gently untill by little and little it couch or bring down the Cataract as whole as may be beneath the compass of the pupil let him still follow it though couched with his needle and somewhat violently depress and keep it down for some short space that so it may rest and stay in that lower place whither it is depressed The sign of a Cataract well couched The Surgeon shall trie whether it firmly remain there or no bidding the patient presently to move his eye for if it remain constantly so and do not re-again the cure is perfect Then must the needle be lifted up by little and little neither must it presently be taken forth that if the Cataract should bear up or rise again that it might again and so often whilest the work is yet hot and all things in a readiness be couched towards the lesser corner untill it be fully and surely hid Then must you draw back the needle gently and after the same manner as you put it in lest if you use not moderation you bring back the Cataract from whence you couched it or grievously offend the chrystalline humor the prime instrument of sight or the pupil with danger of dilating thereof Some as soon as the work is done give the patient something in his hand to look upon but Paulus approves not thereof Lib. 6. cap. 21. Whaâ— to be done after the c uching of a Cataract for he fears lest his endeavouring or striving to see may draw back the Cataract Wherefore it is more wisdom and better presently after the drawing forth of the needle to put on a soft rag the white of an egg beaten in rose-rose-water with a little choice Alum and so apply it to the eye and neighbouring parts for to binde and hinder the inflammation then also you must together therewith binde up the sound eye lest by stirring to see it might together therewith draw and move the sore eye by reason of the sympathy and consent they mutually have by the optick nerves After all things are thus performed the patient shall be laid in a soft bed and so placed that his head may lie somewhat high let him be laid far from noise let him not speak nor eat any hard thing that may trouble his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as panado barly-cream cullisses gellies rear-eggs and other meats of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that bindes up the eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose-water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustom himself to the light lest he should be offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it self up again it must be couched again but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many pieces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must be let alone for there is no doubt but that in process of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused and turn into a substance like to milk or troubled water Of a Cataract which is broken to pieces for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery if it be but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptoms come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the Ears and the falling of things thereinto The cause IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their ears a certain fleshly or membranous substance growing in their bottom or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostum or wound and the ear shut up by some fleshly excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottom of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure The cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâ—oction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then â—et the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in rose-Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâ—â—â—ed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâ—sh his hands and his
the childe Moreover let the Midwife annoint her hands with this ointment following as often as she putteth them into the neck of the womb and therewith also annoint the parts about it â„ž clei ex seminibus lini â„¥ i ss olâ—i de castoreo â„¥ ss galliae meschatae Ê’iii ladaniÊ’i make thereof a liniment Moreover you may provoke sneesing Aph. 35 43. sect 5. c. by putting a little pepper or white helebore in powder into the nostrils Line-seed beaten and given in potion with the water of Mug-wort and Savine is supposed to cause speedy deliverance Also the medicine following is commended for the same purpose â„ž certicis cassiae fistul A potion causing speedy deliverance conquassatae â„¥ ii cicer rub m ss bulliant cum vino albo aquà sufficienti sub finem addendo sabinaeÊ’ii in celaturâ prodosi adde cinam Ê’ ss crcci gr vi make thereof a potion which being taken let sneesing be provoked as it is above-said and let her shut or close her mouth and nostrils Many times it happeneth that the infant cometh into the world out of the womb having his head covered or wrapped about with a portion of the secundine or tunicle wherein it is inclosed especially when by the much strong and happy striveing of the mother he commeth forth together with the water wherein it lieth in the womb and then the Midwives prophesie oâ— foretell that the childe shall be happy because he is born as it were with a hood on his head But I suppose that it doth betoken health of body both to the infant and also to his mother for it is a token of easie deliverance For when the birth is difficult and painful the childe never bringeth that membrane out with him but it remaineth behinde in the passages of the genitals or secret parts What a woman in travail must take presently after her deliverance because they are narrow For even so the Snake or Adder when she should cast her skin thereby to renew her age creepeth through some narrow or strait passage Presently after birth the woman so delivered must take two or three spoonfuls of the oil of sweet almonds extracted without fire and tempered with sugar Some will rather use the yelks of eggs with sugar some the wine called Hyppocras others cullises or gelly but alwayes divers things are to be used according as the Patient or the woman in childe-bed shall be grieved and as the Physician shall give counsel both to case and asswage the furious torments and pain of the throwes to recover her strength and nourish her The cause of the after-throws Throws come presently after the birth of the childe because that then the veines nature being wholly converted to expulsion cast out the reliques of the menstrual matter that hath been suppressed for the space of nine months into the womb with great violence which because they are gross slimy and dreggish cannot come forth without great pain both to the veines from whence they come and also unto the womb whereunto they go also then by the conversion of that portion thereof that remaineth into winde and by the undiscreet admission of the air in the time of the childe-birth the womb and all the secret parts wil swel unless it be prevented with some digesting repelling or mollifying oil or by artificial rowling of the parts about the belly CHAP. XVII What is to be done presently after the childe is born Why the secundine or after-birth must be taken away presently after the birth of the childe The binding of the childes navel-string after the birth PResently after the childe is born the Midwife must draw away the secundine or after-birth as gently as she can but if she cannot let her put her hands into the womb and so draw it out separating it from the other parts for otherwise if it should continue longer it would be more difficult to be gotten out because that presently after the birth the orifice of the womb is drawn together and closed and then all the secundine must be taken from the childe Therefore the navel-string must be tied with a double thred an inch from the belly Let not the knot be two hard lest that part of the navel-string which is without the knot should fall away sooner then it ought neither too slack or loose lest that an exceeding and mortal flux of blood should follow after it is cut off and lest that through it that is to say the the navel-string the cold air should enter into the childes body When the knot is so made the navel-string must be cut in sunder the breath of two fingers beneath it with a sharp knife Upon the section you must apply a doudle linnen cloath dipped in oyl of Roses or of sweet Aâ—monds to mitigate the pain for to within a few dayes after that which is beneath the knot will â—all away being destitute of life and nourishment by reason that the vein and artery are tied so close that no life nor nourishment can come unto it commonly all Midwives do let it lie unto the bare belly of the infant whereof commeth grievous pain and griping by reason of the coldness thereof which dyeth by little and little as destitute of vital heat But it were far better to rowl it in soft cotton or lint until it be mortified and so fall away Those midwives do unadvisedly who so soon as the infant is born do presently tie the navel-string and 〈…〉 off not looking first for the voiding of the secundine When all these things are â—on the infant must be wiped cleansed and rubbed from all filth and excrement with oil of Roses or Myttles For thereby the pores of the skin wil be better shut and the habit of the body the more strengthened There be some that wash infants at that time in warm water and red wine and afterwards annoint them with the fore named oils Others wash them not with wine alone but boil therein red Roses and the leaves of Myrtles adding thereto a little salt and then using this lotion for the space of five or six daies they not only wash away the filth but also resolve and digest if there be any hard or confused place in the infants tender body by reason of the hard travail and labour in childe-birth Their toes and fingers must be handled drawn a sunder and bowed The defaults that are commonly in children newly born and the joints of the arms and legs must be extended and bowed for many daies and often that thereby that portion of the excremental humor that remaineth in the joints by motion may be heated and resolved If there be any default in the membe s either in conformation construction or society with those that are adjoyning to them it must be corrected or amended with speed Moreover you must look whether any of the natural passages be stopped or covered with a membrane The defaults of
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâ—ght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâ—s but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâ—e of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâ—ter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in â—he first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follâ—â—s the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâ—amen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâ—ed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling
the fiery and aiery parts wherefore the Wine becoming sowr there remains nothing of the former substance but phlegm wherefore seeing phlegm is chiefly predominant in Vineger it first rises in distillation Wherefore he that hopes to distil the spirit of Vineger he must cast away the phlegmatick substance that first substance that first rises and when by his taste he shall perceive the spirit of Vineger he shall keep the fire thereunder until the flowing liquor shall become as thick as hony then must the fire be taken away otherwise the burning of it will cause a great stinch The vessels fit to distil aqua vitae and Vineger are divers as an Alembick or Retort set in sand or Ashes a Copper or brass-bottom of a Stil with a head thereto having a pipe comming forth thereof which runs into a worm or pipe fastned in a barrel or vessel filled with cold water and having the lower end comming forth thereof whose figure we shall give you when as we come to speak of the drawing of oyls out of vegetables CHAP. IX Of the manner of rectifying that is how to increase the strength of waters that have been once distilled The first way TO rectifie the waters that have been distilled in Balneo Mariae you must set them in the Sun in glasses well stopped and half filled being set in sand to the third part of their height that the water waxing hot by the heat of the Sun may separate it self from the phlegm mixed therewith which will be performed in 12. or 15. dayes There is another better way to do this which is to distil them again in Balneo with a gentle fire or if you will put them into a Retort furnished with his receiver and set them upon chrystal or iron-bowls or in an iron-mortar directly opposite to the beams of the Sun The second as you may learn by these ensuing signs A Retort with his receiver standing upon Chrystal-bowls just opposite to the Sun-beams A. Shews the Retort B. The receiver C. The Châ—ystal bowls Another Retort with his receiver standing in a Marble or Iron-mortar directly opposite to the Sun A. Shews the Retort B. The marble or Iron-mâ—â—tar C The receiver CHAP. X. Of Distillation by filtring YOu shall set three basins or vessels of convenient matter in that fite and order that each may be higher than other that which stands in the highest place shall contain the liquor to be distilled and that which stands lowest shall receive the distilled liquor Out of the first and second vessel shall hang shreds or pieces of cloth or cotton with their broader ends in the liquor or upper vessel and the other sharper ends hanging down whereby the more subtil and defecate liquor may fall down by drops into the vessel that stands under it but the grosser and more feculent part may subside in the first and second vessel You by this means may at the same time distil the same liquor divers times if you place many vessels one under another after the fore-mentioned manner and so put shreds into each of them so that the lowest vessel may receive the purified liquor In stead of this distillation Apothecaries of-times use bags The description of vessels to perform the distillation or filtration by shreds A. Shews the vessel B. The Cloths or shreds â„ž litharg auri diligenter pulveris â„¥ iii. macerentur in aceti boni â„¥ vi trium horarum spatio seorsim etiam in aqua plantaginis solani rosarum aut commun sal infundatur then distil them both by shreds then mix the distilled liquors and you shall have that which for the milky whiteness is termed Virgins milk being good against the redness and pimples of the face Cap. 44. of fuci as we have noted in our Antidotary CHAP. XI What and how many waies there are to make oyls YOu may by three means especially draw to extract the oyls that you desire The first is by expression and so are made the oyls of Olives nuts seeds fruits and the like Oyls by expression By infusion By distillation Under this is thought to be contained elixation when as the beaten materials are boiled in water that so the oyl may swim aloft and by this means are made the oyls of the seeds of Elder and danewort and of Bay-berries Another is by infusion as that which is by infusing the parts of plants and other things in oyls The third is by distillation such is that which is drawn by the heat of the fire whether by ascent or by descent or by concourse The first way is known by all now it is thus Take almonds in their husks beat them work them into a mass then put them into a bag made of hair or else of strong cloth first steeped in water or in white-wine then put them into a press and so extract their oyl You may do the same in pine-apple-kernels Hazel-nuts Coco-nuts nutmegs peach-kernels the seeds of gouâ—ds and cucumbers pistick-nuts and all such oily things Oyl of bayes may be made of ripe bay-berries newly gathered Oyl of Balberries let them be beaten in a mortar and so boyled in a double vessel and then forthwith put into a press so to extract oyl as you do from Almonds unless you had rather get it by boiling as we have formerly noted Oyl of Eggs is made of the yelks of Eggs boyled very hard when they are so Of Eggs. rub them to pieces with your fingers then frie them in a pan over a gentle fire continually stirring them with a spoon until they become red and the oyl be resolved and flow from them then put them into a hair-cloth and so press forth the oyl The oyls prepared by infusion are thus made make choise of good oyl wherein let plants or creatures or the parts of them be macerated for some convenient time that is until they may seem to have transfused their faculties into the oyl then let them be boiled so strained or pressed out But if any aquosity remain let it be evaporated by boiling Some in compounding of oyls add gums to them of which though we have formerly spoken in our Antidotary yet have I thought good to give you this one example Oyl of S. Johns-wort â„ž flor hyper â„ž ss immitantur in phialam cum flo cent gum elemi an â„¥ ii olei com lb ii Let them be exposed all the heat of Summer to the Sun If any will add aqua vitae wherein some Benzoin is dissolved he shall have a most excellent oyl in this kinde Oyl of mastich is made Ex olei rosati â„¥ xii mastich â„¥ iii. vini optimi â„¥ viii Let them all be boiled together to the consumption of the wine then strain the oyl and reserve it in a vessel CHAP. XII Of extracting of Oyls of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all herbs that carry their flowers and seeds in an umble have seeds of a hot subtil and aiery substance and
Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unless at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawful for others to cut thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtil parts hot in the third degree 7. Simp. and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stop by reason of the admixture of gross humors it sweetens the breach and yields a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choicest and best cinnamon one pound An excellent Cinnamon-tree beat it grosly and put thereto of rose-Rose-water four pintes of white-wine half a pinte being thus mixed put them into a glass and so let them stand in infusion 24. hours often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels lest the spirit should flye away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbs flowers seeds and spices as also of Rubarb Agarick Turbith Hermâ—dactyls and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this Chapter as thus Take Sugar R barb Cinnamon or any other material you please cut it small or else beat it then put it into a glass with a long neck and pour thereupon as much Aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients and to over-top them some fingers bredth then stop up the glass very close that no air enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for eight dares in Balneo with a very gentle hear for thus the Aqua vitae will extract the faculties of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the color of the ing edients The eight dayes ended A sign that the spirit of wine hath sercht out the strength of the ingredients you shall put this same Aqua vitae into another vessel filled with the like quantity of the same materials prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and do thus three or four times until the aqua vitae be deeply tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materials from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence be of great price as Lignum Aloes Rubarb c. you must not think it sufficient to infuse it once only but you must go over it twice or thrice until all the efficacy be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholly insipid These things thus done as is fitting A sign that the ingredients have lost their strength put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the color and strength of the ingredients into an Alembick filled and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keep for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottom Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of hony set it in an earthen-pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thin part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectual essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerful in purging then two or three drams of the thing it self CHAP. XIV How to extract oyl out of Gums condensed juices and rosins as also out of some woods ALL oyls that are drawn our of gums oily-woods and metals What a Retort is are extracted by that vessel which we vulgarly term a Retort It must be made of glass or jug-metal well leaded and of such bigness as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an half of water the neck thereof must be a foot and a half or at least a foot long The receiver is commonly a vial wherinto the neck of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall be set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure The figure of a Fornace with his earthen-pan and receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The earthen-pan or vessel to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The Receiver The differences of Gums Of gums some are liquid some solid and of the solid some are more solid then othersome those that are solid are more troublesome to distill then the liquid for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither do they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft-times they are burnt before they be dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solid gum add two or three pounds of most clear and liquid oyl of Turpentine Cautions in distilling of Gums Besides liquid things are also hard to be destilled because when as they come to be through hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or run out of the Retort and so fall into the Receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shun this inconvenience add to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withal How to make oyl of Turpentine Oyl of Rosin and turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largeness that three parts thereof might remain empty and for every pound of Turpentine add three or four ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen-pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the neck thereof fit and closely lute a Receiver Lastly kindle there-under a soft fire at the first lest the contained materials should run over increase this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a sudden At the first a clear and acid liquor wiâ—l drop out wherein a certain sediment uses to concrete then will flow forth a most dear oyl somewhat resembling the watry and phlegmatick liquor then must the fire be somewhat increased that the third oily clear thin and very golden colored liquor may rise and distil but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raised that so you may extract an oyl that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thick Thus therefore you may extract four kindes of liquors our of Turpentine and receive them being different in several Receivers yet I judg it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them again afterwards you may
and pinna are THe Ears are the Organs of the sense of Hearing They are composed of the skin a little flesh a gristle veins arteries and nerves They may be bended or folded in without harm because being gristly they easily yield and give way but they would not do so if they should be bony but would rather break That lap at which they hang Pendants and Jewels is by ancients called Fibra but the upper part Pinna They have been framed by the Providence of Nature into two twining passages like a Snails-shel The figure and the reason thereof which as they come neerer to the foramen caecum or blind-hole are the more straitned that so they might the better gather the air into them and conceive the differences of sounds and voices and by little and little lead them to the membrane This membrane which is indifferently hard hath grown up from the nerves of the fifth conjugation which they call the auditory But they were made thus into crooked windings lest the sounds rushing in too violently should hurt the sense of Hearing Yet for all this we oft find it troubled and hurt by the noise of Thunder Guns and Bels. Otherwise also lest that the air too sodainly entring should by its qualities as cold cause some harm and also that little creeping things and other extraneous Bodies as Fleas and the like should be stayed in these windings and turnings of the wayes the glutinous thickness of the cholerick Excrement or Ear-wax For what use the Ear-wax serves hereunto also conducing which the Brain purges and sends forth into this part that is the auditory passage framed into these intricate Maeanders The Figure of the Ears and Bones of the Auditory passage Tab. 10. Sheweth the Ears and the divers internal parts thereof Fig. 1. Sheweth the whole external Ear with a part of the Temple-bone Fig. 2. Sheweth the left Bone of the Temple divided in the midst by the instrument of Hearing whereabout on either side there are certain passages here particularly described Fig. 3. and 4. Sheweth the three little Bones Fig. 5. Sheweth a portion of the Bone of the Temples which is seen neer the hole of Hearing divided through the midst whereby the Nerves Bones and Membranes may appear as Vesalius of them conceiveth Fig. 6. Sheweth the Vessels Membranes Bones and Holes of the Organ of Hearing as Platerus hath described them Fig. 7. and 8. Sheweth the little Bones of the Hearing of a man and of a Calf both joyned and separated Fig. 9. Sheweth the Muscle found out by Aquapendens For the particular Declaration see Dr. Crooks Anatomy pag. 577. But that we may understand how the Hearing is made For what use the membrane stretched under the auditory passage serves we must know the structure of the Organ or Instrument thereof The Membrane which we formerly mentioned to consist of the Auditory-Nerve is stretched in the inside over the Auditory passage like as the head of a Drum For it is stretched and extended with the air or Auditory Spirit implanted there and shut up in the cavity of the mamillary process and foramen caecum that smitten upon by the touch of the external air entring in it may receive the object that is the sound What sound is which is nothing else than a certain quality arising from the air beaten or moved by the collision and conflict of one or more bodies Such a collision is spred over the air as the water which by the gliding touch of a stone produces many circles and rings one as it were rising from another So in rivulets running in a narrow channel the water strucken and as it were beaten back in its course against broken craggy and steep Rocks wheels about into many turnings this collision of the beaten air flying back divers wayes from arched and hollow-roofed places as Dens Cisterns Wells thick Woods The cause of an echo and the like yields and produces a double sound and this reduplication is called an Echo Wherefore the Hearing is thus made by the air as a medium but this air is twofold that is External and Internal The exteriour is that which encompasses us The 3 bones of the auditory passage but the interiour is that which is shut up in the cavity of the mamillary process and foramen caecum which truly is not pure and sole air but tempered and mixed with the auditory spirit Thence proceeds the noise or beating of the Ears when vapors are there mixed with the air instead of spirits whereby their motion is perturbed and confused But neither do these suffice for hearing for Nature for the more exact distinction of sounds hath also made the little bones of which one is called the Incus or Anvil another the Malleolus or hammer the third the Stapes or Stirrop because the shape thereof resembles a German-stirrop Also it may be called Deltoides because it is made in the shape of the Greek Letter Δ. Their use They are placed behind the membrane wherefore the Anvil and Hammer moved by the force of the entrance of the external air and beating thereof against that membrane they more distinctly express the difference of sounds as strings stretched within under the head of a Drum as for example Whence the difference of sounds these Bones being more gently moved represent a low sound to the common sense and faculty of Hearing but being moved more vehemently and violently they present a quick and great sound to conclude according to their divers agitation they produce divers and different sounds The Glandules should follow the Ears in the order of Anatomy as well those which are called the emunctories of the Brain that is the Parotides which are placed as it were at the lower part of the Ears as these which lye under the lower Jaw the Muscles of the Bone Hyoides and the Tongue in which the Scrâ—phulae and other such cold abscesses breed It shall here suffice to set down the use of all such like Glandules Therefore the Parotides are framed in that place by Nature to receive the virulent and malign matter sent forth by the strength of the Brain by the Veins and Arteries spred over that place The rest serve to strengthen the division of the vessels to moisten the Ligaments and Membranes of the Jaw lest they should be dryed by their continual motion Their other conditions and uses are formerly handled in our first Book of Anatomy CHAP. XI Of the Bone Hyoides and the Muscles thereof The reason of the name THe substance of the Bone Hyoides is the same with that of other Bones The figure thereof imitates the Greek letter Ï… from whence it took the name as also the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And from the letter λ it is in like sort called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by some it is styled os Gutturis and os Linguae The composition that is the Throat-bone and Tongue-bone The composition
and pain also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternatural heat And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilst it suppurates because the veins The cause of a beating pain in a Phlegmon arteries and nerves are much being they are not only heated within by the influx of the fervid humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the pain comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetual motion of their systole diastole whilst they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating pain Hereunto add The Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater need to seek refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Air wherefore they must as of necessity have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Comm. ad Aph. 21. sect 7. Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen An agitation of the arteries painful and sensible to the Patient himself for otherwise as long as we are in health we do not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsifick pain in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heat and abundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their systole and diastole and the compression and straitning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent partts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in pain Hence they commonly say that in the part affected with a Phlegmon they feel as it were Another kind of Pulsation in a Phlegmon the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heat in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilst it flows more plentifully into the part is as it were trodden or thrust down and causes obstruction from whence necessarily follows a prohibition of transpiration and putrefaction of the bloud by reason of the preternatural heat But the Phlegmon looks red by reason of the bloud contained it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skin CHAP. VIII Of the Causes and Signs of a Phlegmon THe Causes of a Phlegmon are of three kinds for some are primitive some antecedent The Primitive causes of a Phlegmon The Antecedent and Conjunct and some conjunct Primitive are falls contusions immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent Causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veins The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signs of a Phlegmon The signs of a Phlegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heat pain pulsation especially while it suppurates redness and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scirrhus or a Tumor like a Scirrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangrene that is when the faculty and native strength of the part affected is over-whelmed by the greatness of the defluxion Gal. l. de Tum as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgeon ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon What kind of diet must be prescribed in a Phlegmon THe Chirurgeon in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himself four intentions The first of D et This because a Phlegmon is a hot affect and causes a Feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the six things not natural that is air meat and drink motion and rest sleep and waking repletion inaninition and lastly the passions of the mind Therefore let him make choice of that air which is pure and clear not too moist for fear of defluxion but somewhat cool let him command meats which are moderately cool and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be Broths not too fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrel and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all Spices and also of Garlick and Onions and all things which heat the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drink small Wine and much allayed with water or if the Feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly sweet Almonds or Water and Sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custom of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of Wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies wax hot by motion but let him chiefly have a care that he do not exercise the part possessed by the Phlegmon for fear of a new defluxion Let his sleep be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleep by day specially presently after meat Let him have his belly soluble if not by Nature then by Art as by the frequent use of Clysters and Suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstain from venery How to divert the defluxion of humors This maner of diet thus prescribed we must come to the second scope that is the diversion of the defluxion which is performed by taking away its cause that is the fulness and illness of the humors Both which we may amend by purging and bloud-letting if the strength and age of the Patient permit The pain must be asswaged But if the part receiving be weak it must be strengthned with those things which by their astriction amend the openness of the passages the violence of the humor being drawn away by Cupping-glasses Frictions Ligatures But if pain trouble the part which is often the occasion of defluxion it must be mitigated by Medicines asswaging pain The third scope is to overcome the conjunct cause That we may attain to this we must enter into the consideration of the tumor according to its times that is the beginning increase state and declination When we must use repercussives For from hence the indications of variety of medicines must be drawn For in the beginning we use repercussives to drive away the
cast up any quantity of phlegm by vomit and that fit be determinated in a plentiful sweat it shews the Feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yielding and tenuity of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the Feaver A Quotidian Feaver is commonly long because the phlegmatick humor being cold Why Quotidians are oft-times long Into what diseases a Quartain usually changes and moist by nature is heavy and unapt for motion neither is it without fear of a greater disease because oft-times it changes into a burning or Quartain feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegm for saltness hath affinity with bitterness wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it need not seem very strange if Salt phlegmby adustion turn into choler or melancholy Those who recover of a Quotidian-feaver have their digestive faculty very weak wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a Quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to pass that this Feaver oft-times lasts sixty days But have a care you be not deceived and take a double Tertian for a Quotidian How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian because it takes the Patient every day as a Quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kind of the humor and the propriety of the Symptoms and accidents besides Quotidian commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldness of the air caused by the absence of the Sun Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a little before by the presence and heat of the Sun But on the contrary double Tertians take one about noon The shortness and gentleness of the fit the plentiful sweat breaking forth the matter being concocted causes us to think the Quotidian short and salutary The cure is performed by two means to wit Diet and Pharmacy Diet. Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the Patient breathe in a clear air moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked Cock or Chicken broths in which have been boiled the roots of Parsley Sorrel and the like Neither at sometimes will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted When the use of spiced and salted meats are fit be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomach and liver much cooled Let him eat Chickens Mutton Partridge and small Birds River-fishes and such as live in Stony-waters fryed or boyled rear Eggs and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drink be small white Wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exexercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleep taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleep fall not upon the time of the fit When sleep is hurtful for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowels For the the passions of the mind the Patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seems not amiss to some at the coming of the fit to put the feet and legs into hot water in which Chamomil Dill Melilot Marjerom Sage and Rosemary have been boyled The medicines shall be such syrups as are called digestive and aperitive Medicines as Syrup of Wormwood Mints of the five opening roots Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomil Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agarick Turbith of which you shall make Potions with the water of Mints Balm Hyssop Sage Fennel Endive or the like Pillulae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in form of a bole with Sugar as the Physitian being present shall think most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the Stomach Care must be bad of the Stomach Vomits and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chief seat of Phlegm wherefore it will be good to anoint it every other day with Oil of Chamomil mixed with a little white Wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juyce of Radish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrup of Vinegar will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when Nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate Quotidian The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in form of a Bole or to drink it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIV Of a Scirrhus or an hard tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of tumors caused by bloud choler and phlegm it remains we speak of these which are bred of a melancholick humor of these there are said to be four differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegimate Scirrhus is of an hard tumor endued with little sense and so commonly without pain generated of a natural melancholick humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard tumor insensible and without pain of a Melancholick humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholick humor The fourth of a phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a gross tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnatural affects of the Liver or Spleen as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrhoids or Courses The Signs The signs are hardness renitency a blackish colour and a dilation of the veins of the affected part with blackishness by reason of the abundance of the gross humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholly without pain and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yield to any Prognostick Those which are brought to suppuration easily turn into Cancers and Fistula's these tumors though in the beginning they appear little yet in process of time they grow to a great bigness CHAP. XXV Of the cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Scirrhus chiefly consists of three heads First The Physitian shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
the Physitian is often forced to change the order of the cure All strange and external Bodies must be taken away as speedily as is possible because they hinder the action of Nature intending unity especially if they press or prick any Nervous Body or Tendon whence pain or an Abscess may breed in any principal part or other serving the principal Yet if by the quick and too hasty taking forth of such like Bodies there be fear of cruel pain or great effusion of Bloud it will be far better to commit the whole work to Nature than to exasperate the Wound by too violent hastening For Nature by little and little will exclude as contrary to it or else together with the Pus what strange body soever shall be contained in the wounded part But if there shall be danger in delay it will be fit the Chirurgeon fall to work quickly safely and as mildly as the thing will suffer for effusion of Bloud swooning convulsion and other horrid symptoms follow upon the too rough and boystrous handling of Wounds whereby the Patient shall be brought into greater danger than by the Wound it self Therefore he may pull out the strange Bodies either with his fingers or with instruments fit for that purpose but they are sometimes more easily and sometimes more hardly pulled forth according as the Body infixed is either hard or easie to be found or pulled out Which thing happens according to the variety of the figure of such like Bodies according to the condition of the part it self soft hard or deep in which these Bodies are fastned more straitly or more loosly and then for fear of inferring any worse harm as the breaking of some Vessel but how we may perform this first intention and also the expression of the instruments necessary for this purpose shall be shown in the particular Treaties of Wounds made by Gun-shot Arrows and the like Ligatures and Sutures for to conjoyn and hold together the lips of wounds But the Surgeon shall attain to the second and third scope of curing Wounds by two and the same means that is by Ligatures and Sutures which notwithstanding before he use he must well observe whether there be any great flux of Bloud present for he shall stop it if it he too violent but provoke it if too slow unless by chance it shall be poured out into any capacity or belly that so the part freed from the superfluous quantity of Bloud may be less subject to inflammation Therefore the lips of the Wound shall be put together and shall be kept so joyned by suture and ligatures Not truly of all but only of those which both by their nature and magnitude as also by the condition of the parts in which they are are worthy and capable of both the remedies For a simple and small solution of continuity stands only in need of the Ligature which we call incarnative especially if it be in the Arms or Legs but that which divides the Muscles transversly stands in need of both Suture and Ligature that so the lips which are somewhat far distant from each other and as it were drawn towards their beginning and ends may be conjoyned If any portion of a fleshy substance by reason of some great Cut shall hang down it must necessarily be adjoyned and kept in the place by Suture The more notable and large Wounds of all the parts stand in need of Suture which do not easily admit a Ligature by reason of the figure and site of the part in which they are as the Ears Nose Hairy-scalp Eye-lids Lips Belly and Throat There are three sorts of Ligatures by the joynt consent of all the Ancients Three sorts of Ligatures They commonly call the first a Glutinative or Incarnative the second Expulsive the third Retentive The Glutinative or Incarnative is fit for simple green and yet bloudy Wounds What an incarnative Ligature is This consists of two ends and must so be drawn that beginning on the contrary part of the Wound we may so go upwards partly crossing it and going downwards again we may closely joyn together the Lips of the Wound But let the Ligature be neither too strait lest it may cause inflammation or pain nor too loose lest it be of no use and may not well contain it The Expulsive Ligature is fit for sanious and fistulous Ulcers to press out the filth contained in them This is performed with one Rowler having one simple head What an expulsive the beginning of binding must be taken from the bottom of the Sinus or bosom thereof and there it must be bound more straightly and so by little and little going higher you must remit something of that rigour even to the mouth of the Ulcer that so as we have said the sanious matter may be pressed forth The Retentive Ligature is fit for such parts as cannot suffer strait binding such are the Throat What the retentive What the rowlers must be made of Belly as also all parts oppressed with pain For the part vexed with pain abhorreth binding The use thereof is to hold to local Medicines It is performed with a Rowler which consists somewhiles of one some whiles of more heads All these Rowlers ought to be of linnen and such as is neither too new nor too old neither too coorse nor too fine Their breadth must be proportionable to the parts to which they shall be applyed the indication of their largeness being taken from their magnitude figure and site As we shall shew more at large in our Tractates of Fractures and Dislocations The Chirurgeon shall perform the first scope of curing Wounds Why and how the temper of the wounded part must be preserved which is of preserving the temper of the Wounded part by appointing a good order of diet by the Prescript of a Physitian by using universal and local Medicines A slender cold and moist Diet must be observed until that time be passed wherein the Patient may be safe and free from accidents which are usually feared Therefore let him be fed sparingly especially if he be plethorick he shall abstain from Salt and spiced flesh and also from Wine if he shall be of a cholerick or sanguine nature in stead of Wine he shall use the Decoction of Barly or Liquorice or Water and Sugar He shall keep himself quiet for Rest is in Celsus opinion the very best Medicine He shall avoid Venery Contentions Brawls Anger and other perturbations of the mind When he shall seem to be past danger it will be time to fall by little and little to his accustomed manner and diet of life Universal remedies are Phlebotomies and Purging which have force to divert and hinder the defluxion whereby the temper of the part might be in danger of change For Phlebotomy it is not alwayes necessary as in small Wounds and Bodies In what wounds blood-letting is not necessary which are neither troubled with ill humors or Plethorick
in the amputation of a member And it happens by the puncture of a venemous beast or from seed retained or corrupted in the womb or from a Gangrene or Sphacel from a venenate and putrid air carryed up to the Brain or from a sodain tumult and fear Lastly what things soever with any distemper The Cure especially hot do hurt and debilitate the mind These may cause doting by the afflux of humors specially cholerick by dissipation oppression or corruption of the spirits Therefore if it shall proceed from the inflammation of the Brain and Meninges or Membranes thereof after purging and bloud-letting by the prescription of a Physitian the hair being shaved or cut off the head shall be fomented with Rose-Vinegar and then an Emplaister of Diacalcitheos dissolved in Oyl and Vinegar of Roses shall be laid thereupon Sleep shall be procured with Barly creams wherein the seeds of white Poppy have been boyled with broths made of the decoction of the cold seeds of Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and such like Cold things shall be applyed to his Nostrils as the seeds of Poppy gently beaten with rose-Rose-water and a little Vinegar Let him have merry and pleasant companions that may divert his mind from all cogitation of sorrowful things and may ease and free him of cares and with their sweet intreaties may bring him to himself again But if it happen by default of the spirits you must seek remedy from those things which have been set down in the Chapter of Swooning The End of the Ninth Book The Tenth BOOK Of the Green and Bloudy WOVNDS of each Part. CHAP. I. Of the kinds or differences of a broken Skull NOw that we have briefly treated of Wounds in general that is of their differences signs causes prognosticks and cure and also shewed the reason of the accidents and symptoms which usually follow and accompany them it remains that we treat of them as they are incident to each part because the cure of wounds must be diversly performed according to the diversity of the parts Now we will begin with the wounds of the head The differences of a broken Head Therefore the head hath the hairy scalp lightly bruised without any wound otherwhiles it is wounded without a Contusion and sometimes it is both contused and wounded but a fracture made in the skull is sometimes superficiary sometimes it descends even to the Diploe sometimes it penetrates through the 2 Tables and the Meninges into the very substance of the Brain besides the Brain is oft-times moved and shaken with breaking of the internal veins and divers symptoms happen when there appears no wound at all in the head of all and every of which we will speak in order and add their cure especially according to the opinion of the divine Hippocrates He in his Book of the wounds of the head seems to have made 4 or 5 kinds of fractures of the skull The kinds of a broken Skull out of Hippocrates The first is called a fissure or fracture the second a contusion or collision the third is termed Effractura the fourth is named Sedes or a seat the fifth if you please to add it you may call a Counterfissure or as the interpreter of Paulus calls it a Resonitus As when the Bone is cleft on the contrary side to that which received the stroak Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication There are many differences of these five kinds of a broken skull For some fractures are great some small and others indifferent some run out to a greater length or bredth others are more contracted some reside only in the superficies others descend to the Diploe or else pierce through both the Tables of the Skull some run in a right line others in an oblique and circular some are complicated amongst themselves as a Fissure is necessarily and alwayes accompained with a Collision or Contusion and others are associated with divers accidents as pain heat swelling bleeding and the like Sometimes the Skull is so broken that the Membrane lying under it is pressed with shivers of the Bone as with pricking needles Somewhiles none of the Bones fall off All which differences are diligently to be observed because they force us to vary cure and therefore for the help of memory I have thought good to describe them in the following Table A Table of the Fractures of the Skull A Fracture or Solution of continuity in the Skull is caused either by Contusion that is a collision of a thing bruising hard heavy and obtuse which shall fall or be smitten against the head or against which the head shall be knocked so that the broken Bones are divided or Keep their natural figure and site touching each other whence proceeds that fracture of the Skull which is called a fissure which is Either manifest and apparent that is To your sight To your feeling Or instrument Or obscure and not manifest when as not the part which received the blow is wounded but the contrary thereto and that happens either In the same Bone and that two manner of ways as On the side as for example when the right side of the Bone of the Forehead is strucken the left is cleft Or from above to below as when not the first Table which received the blow is cleft but that which is under it In divers Bones to wit in such men as want Sutures or have them very close or disposed other-wayes then is fit and this opposition is either From the right side to the left and so on the contrary as when the right Bregma is struck and the left cleft From before to behind and the contrary as when the Forehead is smitten the Nowl is cleft Or between both that is the obscure and manifest as that which is termed a Capillary fissure and is manifested by smearing it over with Oyl and writing Ink. Or lose their site and that either Wholly so that the particles of the broken Bone removed from their seat and falling down press the Membrane whence proceeds that kind of effracture which retains a kind of attrition when as the Bone struck upon is broken as it were into many fragments shivers and scales either apparent or hid in the sound Bone so that it is pressed down Or in some sort as when the broken bone is in some part separated but in others adheres to the whole Bone whence another kind of effracture arises you may call it arched when as the Bone so swels up that it leaves an empty space below Or by incision of a sharp or cutting thing but that incision is made either by Succision when the bone is so cut that in some part it yet adheres to the sound Bone Rescission when the fragment falls down wholly broken off Or Seat when the mark of the weapon remains imprinted in the wound that the wound is of no more length nor breadth than the weapon fell upon Another Table of the
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ— part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ— is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
made with a Chicken to be taken in the morning for eight or nine days after the first concoction The choice of meats For meats in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated he shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extream parts of beasts as the feet of Calves Hogs-feet not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snails and such as have been gathered in a vineyard of frogs river-Crabs Eels taken in clear water and well cooked hard Eggs eaten with the juyce of Sorrel without spices Whitings and Stockfish For all such things because they have a tough and glutinous juyce are easily put and glutinated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the paient languisheth of a long hectick he must feed upon meats of easie digestion these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turn into choler Wherefore he may use to eat veal kid capon pullet boiled with refrigerating and humecting herbs he may also use barly-creams almond-milks as also bread crummed and moistned with rose-rose-water boiled in a decoction of the four cold seeds with sugar of roses for such a Panada cools the liver and the habit of the whole body and nourisheth withal The testicles wings and livers of young Cocks as also figs and raisons But if the Patient at length begin to loath grow weary of boiled meats then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed only on the inner parr thereof and that moistned in Rose-water the juyce of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranates Let him abstain from salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony-stony-waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergo in shunning the rocks beaten upon by the waves How Asses milk must be used in a hectick Asses milk newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennel that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in the stomach or womans milk sucked from the dug by the Patient to the quantity of half a pint is much commended verily womans milk is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good temper and habit of body Womans milk more wholesome than Asses For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomach and ulcers of the lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Ass be fed with barly oats oak-leaves but if the Patient chance to be troubled with the flux of the belly you shall make the milk somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching therein pebble-stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses-milk such shall abstain from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heat and rumbling in the Hypochondria and pain of the head Let the Patient temper his Wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce Purslain and water-Lillies but with much Bugloss-water both for that it moistens very much as also for that it hath a specifick power to recreate the heart whose solid substance in this kind of disease is grievously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctuous baths epithems clysters Things to be outwardly applyed Inunctions are divers according to the various indications of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen anoints all the spine with cooling and moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should be letted the heat would become more acrid by suppressing the vapours Oyl of roses water-lillies quinces the mucilages of Gum-tragacanth and Arabick extracted into water of Night-shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little wax if need require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be anointed with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I mean things which moderately cool for cold is hurtful to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motions of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyl of violets willows of the seeds of lettuce poppies water-lillies mixing with them the oyl of sweet almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldness A caution in the choyce of Oyls But you must have great care that the Apothecary for covetousness in stead of these oyls newly made give you not old rancid and salted oyls for so in stead of refrigerating you shall heat the part for wine honey and oyl acquire more heat by age in defect of convenient oyls we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is too cool humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening morning chiefly after a bath Now for Baths we prescribe them either only to moisten The differences of Baths and then plain warm water wherein the flowers of violets and water-lillies willow-leaves and barly have been boyled will be sufficient or else not only to moisten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habit and then you may add to your bath the decoction of a Sheeps-head and Gather with some Butter But the Patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomach Why the Patients must not enter the Bath fasting that so the nourishment may be drawn by the warmness of the bath into the whole habit of the body For otherwise he which is sick of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomack empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heat of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath How to prepare the body for the Bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements baked in the guts by the hectick dryness then let him eat to his dinner some solid meats about nine of the clock and let him about four of the clock eat somewhat sparingly meats of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup off some chicken-broth or barly-cream or else two rear egs tempered with some rose-rose-water and sugar of roses instead of salt Some 4 or 5 hours after let him enter into the bath those things which I have set down being observed When he comes out of the bath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloaths and anointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleep if he
for such as live for they did not so much as suspect or imagine so horrid a wickedness but either for that they held an opinion of the general resurrection or that in these monuments they might have something whereby they might keep their dead friends in perpetual remembrance Thevet not much dissenting from his own opinion writes that the true Mummie is taken from the Monuments and stony Tombs of the anciently dead in Egypt the chinks of which tombs were closed and cemented with such diligence the inclosed bodies embalmed with precious Spices with such Art for eternity that the linnen vestures which were wrapt about them presently after their death may be seen whole even to this day but the bodies themselves are so fresh that you would judg them scarse to have been three days buryed And yet in those Sepulchers and Vaults from whence these bodies are taken there have been some corps of two thousands years old The same or their broken members are brought to Venice from Syria and Egypt and thence disperst over all Christendom But according to the different condition of men the matter of their embalments were divers for the bodies of the Nobility or Gentry were embalmed with Myrrh Aloes Saffron and other precious Spices and Drugs but the bodies of the common sort whose poverty and want of means could not undergo such cost were embalmed with asphaltum or pissasphaltum Now Mathjolus saith that all the Mummie which is brought into these parts What our Mummie usually is is of this last kind and condition For the Noblemen and chief of the Province so religiously addicted to the Monuments of their Ancestors would never suffer the bodies of their friends and kindred to be transported hither for filthy gain and such detested use as we shall shew more at large at the end of this work Which thing sometimes moved certain of our French Apothecaries men wondrous audacious and covetous to steal by night the bodies of such as were hanged and embalming them with Salt and Drugs they dryed them in an Oven so to sell them thus adulterated in stead of true Mummie Wherefore we are thus compelled both foolishly and cruelly to devour the mangled and putrid particles of the carkasses of the basest people of Egypt or of such as are hanged as though there were no other way to help or recover one bruised with a fall from a high place than to bury man by an horrid insertion in their that is in mans guts Now if this Drug were any way powerful for that they require they might perhaps have some pretence for this their more than barbarous inhumanity But the case stands thus that this wicked kind of Drug Mummie is no way good for contusions doth nothing help the diseased in that case wherefore and wherein it is administred as I have tryed a hundred times and as Thevet witnesses he tryed in himself when as he took some thereof by the advice of a certain Jewish Physitian in Egypt from whence it is brought but it also infers many troublesome symptoms as the pain of the heart or stomach vomiting and stink of the mouth I perswaded by these reasons do not only my self not prescribe any hereof to my Patients But hurtful and how but also in consultations endeavour what I may that it be not prescribed by others It is far better according to Galen's opinion in Method med to drink some Oxycrate The effects of Oxycrate in Contusions which by its frigidity restrains the flowing bloud and by its tenuity of substance dissolves and discusses the congealed clots thereof Many reasons of learned Physitians from whom I have learned this History of Mummie drawn from Philosophy whereby they make it apparent that there can be no use of this or that Mummie in contusions or against flowing or congealed bloud I willingly omit for that I think it not much beneficial to Chirurgeons to insert them here Wherefore I judg it better to begin to treat of Combustions or Burns CHAP. VIII Of Combustions and their Differences ALl Combustions whether occasioned by Gunpowder or by scalding Oyl Water The reason and symptoms of Combustions some metal or what things soever else differ only in magnitude These first cause pain in the part and imprint in it an unnatural heat Which savouring of the fire leaves that impression which the Greeks call Empyreuma There are more or less signs of this impression according to the efficacy of the thing burning the condition of the part burned and stay upon the same If the combustion be superficiary the skin rises into pustules and blisters unless it be speedily prevented If it be low or deep in it is covered with an Eschar or Crust the burnt flesh by the force of the fire turning into that crusty hardness The burning force of the fire upon whatsoever part it falls leaves a hot distemper therein condensates The 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 sing But 〈…〉 contracts and thickens the skin whence pain proceeds from pain there comes an attraction of humors from the adjacent and remote parts These humors presently turn into waterish or serous moisture whilst they seek to pass forth and are hindered thereof by the skin condensated by the action of the fire they lift it up higher and raise the blisters which we see Hence divers Indications are drawn whence proceeds the variety of medicins for Burns For some take away the Empyreuma that is the heat of the fire as we term it and asswage the pain other hinder the rising of blisters othersome are fit to cure the ulcer first to procure the falling away of the Eschar Variety of medicins to take away the heat and asswage the pain then to clense generate flesh and cicatrize it Remedies fit to asswage pain and take away the fiery heat are of two kinds for some do it by a cooling faculty by which they extinguish the preternatural heat and repress or keep back the bloud and humors which flow into the parts by reason of heat and pain Others endued with contrary faculties are hot and attractive as which by relaxing the skin and opening the pores resolve and dissipate the serous humors which yield both beginning and matter to the pustules and so by accident asswage the pain and heat Refrigerating things are cold water the water of Plantain Nightshade Henbane Hemlock the juyces of cooling hearbs as Purslane Lettuce Plantain Housleek Poppy Mandrake and the like Of these some may be compounded as some of the fore-named juyces beaten with the white of an Egge Clay beaten and dissolved in strong Vinegar Roch-Alome dissolved in water with the whites of Egs beaten therein writing-Ink mixed with Vinegar and a little camphire Unguentum nutritum and also Populeon newly made These and the like shall be now and then renewed chiefly at the first until the heat and pain be gone But these same remedies must be applyed warm for if they should be laid or put to
cold they would cause pain and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not pass or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage pain hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive Medicins to be applyed to Burns How fire may asswage the pain of burning AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the pain and heat of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and find by daily experience that the heat of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the pain is asswaged if they hold the part which was burnt some pretty while to the heat of a lighted Candle or burning Coals for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the external fire whilest it draws forth the fire which is internal and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedy Beaten Onions good for burns and how if they presently after the Burn apply to the grieved part raw Onions beaten with some Salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the pain and inflammation but if it be applyed when the skin is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endeavour to gainsay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physick which says that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirm that Onions Lib. 5. simpl according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moist therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skin by their actual moisture whereby it comes to pass that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heat and so hinder the breaking forth of Pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases always healed by their contraries saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceed from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and strictly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicins good to hinder the rising of blisters such as new Horse-dung fryed in Oyl of Wal-nuts or Roses and applyed to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in Oyl of Nuts and beaten with a little Salt Also quenched L me powdered and mixed with Unguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little Salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anointed upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thick Vernish which Polishers or Sword Cutlers use But if the pain be more vehement How often in a day these must be dressed these medicins must be renewed three or four times in a day and a night so to mitigate the bitterness of this pain But if so be we cannot by these remedies hinder the rising of Blisters then we must presently cut them as soon as they rise for that the humor contained in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimony that it eats the flesh which lyeth under it and so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes and increase of matter the inflammation groweth greater not only for nine days as the common people prattle but for far longer time also somewhiles for less time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethorick and you have speedily resisted the pain and heat by fit remedies When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar Medicins for an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and humective medicins as of Greases Oyls Butter with a little Basilicon or the following Ointment â„ž Mucagin psillii cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua pariatariae olei filiorum â„¥ ijss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as Unguentum album camphoratum deficcativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Vinegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol de papavar â„¥ ij ss ung populcon â„¥ iiij A description of Nutritum camphoraeÊ’ j. fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or Oyl of Egs tempered in a Leaden Mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh Butter without Salt and some yolks of Egs hard roasted Or â„ž Butyri recent sine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqua plantag vel resar â„¥ ss tuthiae similiter lotae Ê’ iij. pâ—um i usti loti Ê’ ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sanâ—uc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul cerus luthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicins may always be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seem to require The following remedies are fit to asswage pain as the mucilages of Line-seeds of the seeds of Psillium or Flea-wort and Quinces extracted in Rose-water or fair-water with the addition of a little Camphire and lest that it dry too speedily adde thereto some Oyl of Roses Also five or six yolks of Egs mixed with the mucilages of Line-seed the seed of Psillium and Quinces often renewed are very powerful to asswage pain A remedy for Burns commonly used in in the Hospital of Paris The women which attend upon the people in the Hospital in Paris do happily use this medicine against burns â„ž Lard conscissi libram unam let it be dissolved in Rose-water then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it four times with the water of Hen-bane or some other of that kind then let it be incorporated with eight yolks of new laid Egs and so make an Ointment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kinds of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a piece of Tiffany lest you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a coarse cloth and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicins easily
must be shunned in these Ulcers all acrid things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause pain inflammation and vomit and besides hinder the digestion of the meat Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugred gellyes wherein Gum Tragaganth and bole Armeniack have been put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figs Raisons Honey Cowes-milk boyled with the yolks of eggs and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowers and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of Quinces the Lentisk wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent Wine How powerfull Honey is to cure such kind of Ulcers unless there be fear of inflammation Their drink shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrup of Violets and Jujubes Honey mixed with other medicins is a very fitting remedy for Ulcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomach for if you shall use astringent medicins alone of themselves they will stick to the stomach neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helps them forwards to the affected parts also cleanses the Ulcers themselves Here also Asses milk may with good success be used instead of Goats or Cowes milk The use of a vulnerary potion is also commendable if so be that it be made of such hearbs and simples as by a certain tacit familiarity have respect to the parts affected Aegyptiacum good for the Ulcers of the greater guts But the Ulcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater Guts be affected you may heal them with a Clyster and injections made also sharp to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must be rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth Lib. 5. meth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament do not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unless with the loss of their faculty so far as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Ulcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder ULcers are caused in the Kidneys and Bladder either by the use of acrid meats drinks Causes or medicins as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acrid humor bred in that place sent or faln thither or else by the rupture of some vessel or an abscess broken and degenerated into an Ulcer as it sometimes comes to pass They are discerned by their site Signs for the pain and heaviness of Ulcers of the Reins comes to the Loins and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Urine Hip. Aphor. 81. sect 4. Aphor. 76. sect 4. Aphor. 77. sect 4. Neither doth the Pus which flows from the reins stink so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodless fleshless and membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction That Pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Urinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottom and may be seen separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Urine but that Pus which flows from the bladder is oft-times made alone without Urine and usually it comes to pass that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidneyes hath in it certain caruncles or as it were hairs according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thick Urine have little caruncles and as it were hairs come forth together therewith they come from their Kidneyes but on the contrary those who have certain bran-like scales come from them in a thick Urine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Ulcer The cure For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Clysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw back the humors by whose conflux into the affected part the ulcer might be fed and made more sordid and filthy Why we must shun strong purges You must beware of strong purgations lest the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Ulcer may fall down upon the kidnies or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectual to mundâ—fie those kind of Ulcers Things to cleanse these Ulcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycerrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad â—â—â—sa petrâ—sâ—l an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colaturâ dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of four ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces Trochisces for the ulcers of thâ— kidnies and bladder 4. Method â„ž quatuer sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragac miâ— gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycerrhizae mund mucilaginis sem psiâ—ii amygd duâ—c hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang drac spodii rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss excipiantur hydromelite fingantur trechisci singuâ—i ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barley-water or Goats-milk Galen bids to mix honey and diuretick things with medicines made for the Ulcers of the reins and bladder for that they gently move urine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Ulcers of the bladder are either in the bottom thereof Signs to know what part of the bladder is ulcerated or at the neck and urinary passage If they be in the bottom the pain is almost continual if in the neck the pain then pricks and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Ulcer which is in the bottom sends forth certain scaly or skinny excrements together with the urine but that which is in the neck causes almost a continual Tentigo Those which are in the bottom are for the most part incurable Why Ulcers in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable both by reason of the bloodless and nervous nature of the part as also for that the ulcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the urine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the urine alwayes remain in the bottom of the bladder which could not therefore pass forth together with the rest of the urine for that for the passing forth of the urine the bladder being distended before falls and is complicated in its self Ulcers of the bladder are healed with the same
an inflammation of the eyes a burning itching weeping defluxion and swelling of the eye-lids That the cure may rightly and happily proceed he must first use a spare diet The cure purgeing medicines shall be given and blood taken away by opening a vein especially if there be great inflamation For particular remedies this excrescence shall be eaten away or at least kept from growth by dropping into the eye collyrium of vitriol described in wounds of the eyes But if that we profit nothing by this means it remaineth that we take it a way with the hand after the following manner You shall set the Patient upon a form or stool and make him lean much back The cutting of the Web. and be held so firmly that he may not fall nor stir then must you open his sore eye putting therein a speculum oculi formerly described in treating of the wounds of this part and then must you lift up the web it self with a sharp little hook with the point turned a little in and put under the midst of the web when you have lifted it a little up thrust a needle threded with a smooth thred between it and the Adnata then taking hold of the hook and the two ends of the thred drawn through with the needle and lifting up the web by them you shall gently begin to separate it from the substance of the eye lying thereunder beginning at the original thereof with a crooked incision-knife and so prosecute it even to the end yet so as you hurt no part of the Adnata nor Cornea The figure of little hooks a needle and crooked incision-knife Little hooks A needle A crooked incision-knife Then must it be cut off with a pair of scissers and the white of an egg beaten with some Rose water laid thereon and often renewed Afterwards the eye must every day be opened left coming to cicatrization the eye-lids shall be glewed together in that part where as the web is taken a way which also shall be hindered by putting of common salt sage and cummin seeds into the eye being first champed and chawed in the mouth There are some who in stead of the crooked knife separate the web from the Adnata with a horses hair others do it with a goose quill made ready for the same purpose taking heed that they hurt not the caruncle at the corner by the nose for it will follow if that you draw the web away too violently and if it be cut there will remain a hole through which during the rest of the life a weeping humour will continually flow a disease by the Greeks termed Rhyas If after the cutting there be fear of inflammation linnen rags moistned in repelling medicines formerly prescribed in wounds of the eye shall be laid thereupon CHAP. XV. Of the Egilops Fistula lacrymosa or weeping Fistula of the Eye AT the greater corner of the eye there is a glandule made for the receiving The use of the glandule at the greater corner of the eye and containing the moisture which serveth for the lubricating and humecting the eye lest it should drie by continual motion The differences This glandule sometimes by a sanguine or pituitous defluxion falling violently from the brain swells impostumates and ulcerates with an ulcer not seldom degenerating into a fistula so that in success of time it rotteth the bone that lieth under it Of such fistulaes some are open outwardly and these usually have their original from a phlegmon othersome are inwardly and those are such as at first swelled by the defluxion or congestion of a phlegmatick matter so that there appeareth no hole outwardly but onely a tumour of the bigness of a pease this tumor being pressed floweth with a sanious serous and red or otherwise with a white and viscid matter and that either by the corner of the eye Periodical and typical fistulaes or by the inside of the nose Some have this matter slowing continually others have it only monethly which is proper also to some fistulaes Such weeping fistulaes if they become old cause an Atrophia of the eye and sometimes blindness and a stinking breath Therefore we must diligently and speedily by physical and chirurgical means resist the breeding disease Wherefore having used general medicins we must come to particulars Therefore if the ulcer be not sufficiently wide it shall be enlarged by putting tents of spunge therein The cure The flesh of the glandule encreasing more then is fit shall be corrected by putting therein the catheretick powders of Mercury calcined vitriol or some aqua fortis or oyl of vitriol and lastly by a potential cautery If you cannot prevail by these means and that the bone begins to rot The efficacie of an actual cauterie and the Patient be stout hearted then use an actual cauterie whose use is far more effectual ready certain and excellent then a potential cauterie as I have tried in many with happy success In my opinion it makes no matter whether the cautery be of gold silver or iron for the efficacy it hath proceedeth not from the matter but from the fire Yet if we must religiously observe and make choice of metals I had rather have it of iron as that which hath a far more drying and astringent faculty then gold for that the element of earth beareth the chief sway therein as appeareth by the waters which flow through iron mines Wherefore you shall cause to be made a triangular iron sharp at the end that it may the more speedily penetrate And then the sound eye and adjacent parts being well covered and defended and the Patients head firmly holden in ones hand left the Patient being frighted stir himself in the very instant of the operation But a plate of iron somewhat depressed in the midst for the cavity of the greater corner shall be applied and fitted to the pained eye This Plate shall be perforated that the hot iron may pass thereby to the fistula lying thereunder and so may onely touch that which is to be cauterized The figure of a cauterie and a plate with a hole therein Things to be done after the cauterizing After the bone is burnt with the cautery a collyrium made of the whites of egs beaten in plantain and night-shade waters must be poured into the hole it self the eye and all the neighbouring parts but the Patient shall be laid in bed with his head somewhat high and the collyrium shall be renued as often and as soon as you shall perceive it to grow dry Then the fall of the Eschar shall be procured by anointing it with fresh butter when it is fallen away the ulcer shall be cleansed filled with flesh and lastly cicatrized CHAP. XVI Of the Staphyloma or grape-like swelling What a Staphyloma is and the causes thereof STaphyloma is the swelling of the horny and grape-like coat bred through the occasion of an humor flowing down upon the eye or by an ulcer the
or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheretick medicins in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the minde and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and near the brain wherefore by handling it too roughly there is fear of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternatural falling of some strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the ears such as are fragments of stone gold silver iron and the like metals pearls cherry-stones or kernels pease and other such like pulse Now solid and bony bodies still retain the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawn forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of ear-picks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gimblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the bodie Little stones and bodies of the like stonie hardness shall be forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing The concussive force of sneesing and by dtopping some oil of almonds first into the passage of the ear that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to pass by this sneesing or violence of the internal air forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may be cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if we cannot thus prevail it remains that we cut open the passage with an incision-knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oil and vinegar There is a certain little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the ears the French call Perse-oreille we an ear-wig This if it chance to get into the ear may be killed by the foresaid means you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying half an apple to your ear as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jaws and throat SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to stick The cure different according to the places where they stick or as it were fasten themselves in the jaws oâ— throat Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall be taken out with long slender and crooked mallets made like a Cranes-beak If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shall be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a drie fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust down into the stomack or plucked back with a leek or some other such long and stiff crooked bodie anointed with oil and thrust down the throat If any such like thing shall get into the weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharp things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all pains The Tooth-ach a most cruel pain there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients then the Tooth-ache For we see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piece-meal for we see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed worms some portion of them putrefying The cause of such pain is either internal or external and primitive The internal is a hot or cold defluxion of humors upon them filling their sockets The cause thereof and thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason thar they stand sometimes so far forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for fear of pain for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling down of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitterness of the pain is such The signs of a hot defluxion are sharp and pricking pain The signs of this or that defluxion as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the root of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signs of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse of pain we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to go in hand to pluck them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of curing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause Three scopes of curing the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of pain The two former scopes to wit of diet and diâ—eâ—ting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping-glasses to the neck and shoulders and scarification do absolutely belong to the Physician Now for proper and to pick medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of pomgranats plantain-water A cold and repercussive lotion for the mouth a little vinegar wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have been boiled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the pain of the teeth ought to be things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vinegar in such kind of remedies â„ž rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss seminis hyoscyami canquassatiÊ’ii santalorum an Ê’i lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lb. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warm You may also make Trochises for the same purpose after this manner â„ž sem hyosciami Trochises for a hot defluxion sandarachae coriandri opii an Ê’ ss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formenturque trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else â„ž seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an Ê’ ss let them all be beaten together with strong vinegar and made into trochises with which being dissolved in rose-rose-water let the gums and whole mouth be washed when need requireth But if the pain be not asswaged with these you
breaking of such things as are of a bonie consistence so also here we must shun all things that by theit toughness stick to the teeth Many for the cleansing of the teeth commend a powder made of scuttle-bones purple-shells pumice-stone burnt allom and Hart's-horn and a little cinnamon which is a singular remedie for the teeth howsoever affected Many other are content with bread only tosted and beaten but this following water is very effectual to whiten the teeth â„ž sal ammon gemmei A water to whiten the teeth an â„¥ i. alum râ—ch â„¥ ss aquae ros quod sufficit distillentur And let the teeth be cleansed with this distilled liquor CHAP. XXIX Of the impediment and contraction of the Tongue THe tongue is sometimes tied and short from the nativitie The cause of being tongue tied as when the libertie of the tongue is restrained by the subject and neighboring as well membranes as muscles being either too short or two hard Sometimes this disease happens after they are born by some accident or preternatural affect as by too hard a scar lest by the healing of an ulcer under the tongue The patient at his beginning to speak is too slow in speaking but presently leaving his slowness he becomes too quick so that he stammers If the disease proceed from the astriction and shortness of the ligamental membrane lying under the tongue then the incision shall be made broad-wise The cure having great care that the veins and arteries which are there be not violated for fear least they should cause an hemorrhagie not easily to be staied Then the mouth shall be presently washed with oxycrate and some lint dipped in syrup of dried roses or honie of roses put into the midst of the incision least the part of the ligament especially in the night time when the tongue is silent and at rest should grow to the rest of the ligament For the same purpose the finger shall be often thrust this way and the tongue more violently rowl'd up and down and thrust out of the mouth Yet sometimes this ligament is so thick and short and therefore holds down the tongue so close that you cannot come to cut it with a knife or lancet without great and manifest danger of death by bleeding Therefore in such a case a needle and thred shall be thrust through it Another way to cut it and so the thred shall be tied straighter and straighter every day untill by little and little this ligamental tye of the tongue which by its immoderate shortness intercepts the liberty of the motion shall be consumed and broken CHAP. XXX Of superfluous fingers and such as stick together EAch hand hath naturally five fingers only The differences whatsoever is more or less is against nature and if there be fewer it is a fault not to be helped by art But if there be more that for the most part may be helped by art superfluous fingers usually grow by the thumb or the little finger but seldome otherwise These are either wholly fleshie or have bones of their kinde and nails upon them Those which are of a bonie nature doe either arise from the joints of the natural fingers and are jointed like them and so are oft-times moveable or else from some middle space of a joint and these have not power to stir or move Now they are sometimes equal in magnitude to the natural fingers to which they grow yet more frequently they are shorter Those which are only fleshy are easily amputated and made even with a razor but such as are also bony cannot be cut off unless with the cutting mullets hereafter described and this is a disease of the fingers in number There is also another disease in fingers for they sometimes stick together and otherwhiles they are very little separated This fault happens either from the first original by the error of the formative faculty or else it happens afterwards by accident as by a wound or burn ill cured For neighbouring fingers being ulcerated do easily grow together unless they be kept asunder by a linnen rag And if they by chance shall grow together by a little and thin skin and flesh they shall forthwith be divided with a sharp razor but if they be joined by the interposition of a more gross and dense substance to wit the nerves tendons and vessels being knit together on each side it will be best not to meddle at all with the dividing them Cutting Mullets neatly made for the cutting off superfluous fingers The cure of nails running into the flesh of the fingers Neither must we omit that many have their nails run with such bony sharpness into the flesh of their fingers lying under them that they cause most cruel pain neither commonly do you avail any thing by paring them for growing up within a while after they press downwards again with the more violence Therefore the Surgeon is often forced to cut away all the flesh whereinto the sharpness of the nail runs Which I have done in many with happy success Many have corns growing upon their fingers in divers fashions They are taken off by paring away by little and little How to take off the corns of the fingers the callous hardness and then laying a head of garlick beaten thereon Yet the cure is more quick and certain which is performed by causticks as aqua fortis or oil of vitriol CHAP. XXXI Of the too short a Prepuce and of such as have been circumcised The cause WHen as the Prepuce or fore-skin is too short it cannot cover the Glans This happens either by nature to wit by the first conformation or afterwards by some accident as to those whom Religion and the custom of their Nation bids to be circumcised The cure The cure is thus The Prepuce is turned up and then the inner membrane thereof is cut round and great care is had that the vein and artery which are there between the two membranes of the Prepuce be not cut in sunder Hence it is drawn downward by extension untill it cover the Glans a deficcative emplaister being first put between it and the Glans least they should grow together Then a pipe being first put into the urinary passage the Prepuce shall be there bound untill the incision be cicatrized This cure is used to the Jews when having abjured their Religion full of superstitions for handsomness sake they would cover the nut of their yard with a Prepuce and so recover their cut-off-skin CHAP. XXXII Of Phimosis and Paraphimosis that is so great a constriction of the Prepuce about the Glans or Nut that it cannot be barred or uncovered at pleasure THe Prepuce is straightened about the Glans two wayes for it either covers the whole nut and so straightly encompasses the end thereof that it cannot be drawn upwards and consequently the nut cannot be uncovered or else it leaves the Glans bare under it
performed a silver pipe shall bee put through the wound into the bladder whereof I have here given you divers forms that you may take your choice and so fit them to the wounds and not â—he wounds to them which oft-times in want of instruments the Surgeons are forced to do to the great harm of the patient Silver pipes to bee put in the bladder when the stone is drawn out These must have no holes in their sides as those here expressed but only in their ends that all the matter of the wound and the filth gathered and concrete in the bladder may flow and bee carried forth this way When cleer urine shall begin to flow out of the wound there shall bee no more need of a pipe therefore if you continue it and keâ—p it longer in the wound there is som danger least nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the Vrethra or urinarie passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts near to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the pain â„ž album ovorum an iii. pulboli armeni A repercussive medicine sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALl things which wee have recited beeing faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oat chaff to drink up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillows Remedies for the Cod least it gangrenate that thay may bee changed as need shall require Somtimes after the drawing forth of the stone the blood in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unless you bee careful to provide against with discussing drying and consumeing medicines it is to bee feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if anie accident happen in cureing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After som few daies a warm injection shall bee cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night shade and roses with a little syrup of dried roses It will help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it somtimes happen's that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of blood and other impuritie may fall into the urinarie passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for som dais into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision What things hasten the union YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloodie wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder beeing taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lie cross-legged keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day bee past Hee must wholly abstain from wine unless it bee verse weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and suger or boiled water mixed with syrrups of dried roses maidenhair and the like Let his meat bee panado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds purslain sorrel borage spinage and the like If hee bee bound in his belly a Physician shall bee called who may help it by appointing either Cassia a glyster or som other kinde of medicines as hee shall think good CHAP. LVI What cure is to bee used to Vlcers when as the urine flow's through them long after the stone is drawn out MAnie after the stone is drawn out cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flow's out this way continually by little and little and against the patient's wil dureing the rest of his life unless the Surgeon help it How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer Therefore the callous lips of the wound must bee amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tied up bound with the instrument wee term a Retinaculum or stay this must bee perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall bee thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh shall bee knit about it then glutinative medicines shall bee applied such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis draconis bole armenick and the like after five or six daies the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remain but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or stay A. shew's the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bigness of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay bee wanting you may conjoin the lips of the wound What to do in want of a stay after this following manner Put two quills somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles haveing thred in them takeing hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thred upon them For thus the wound shall bee agglutinated and the fleshie lips of the wound kept from beeing torn which would bee in danger if the needle and thred were onely used CHAP. LVII How to take stones out of women's bladders WE know by the same signs that the stone is in a woman's bladder as wee do in a man's yet it is far more easily searched by a Catheter How to search for the stone in women for that the neck of the bladder is the shorter broader and the more straight Wherefore it may not onely bee found by a Catheter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the neck of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placeing the sick woman in the same posture as wee mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observ that maids yonger then seven yeers old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the womb without great violence Therefore the stone must bee drawn from them by the same means as from boies to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone beeing found out and the lower bellie also pressed with the other hand it must bee brought to the neck of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned means Yet if the riper yeers of the patient permit it to bee don without violence the whole work shall bee more easily and happily performed by putting the
luc lb. ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat distillatio lento ignae in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall perform let the patient take it four hours before meat Also radish-radish-water distilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good success Baths and sem cupia or halt baths are artificially made Why the use of diureticks is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder relax soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diureticks mixed wtih half a dram of treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder Syrup of maiden-hair of â—oses taken in quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barlie-water Asses or Goats-milk are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their serous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their chees-life They must be taken warm from the dug with hony of roses or a little salt least they corrupt in the stomach and that to the quantity of four ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochises are also good for the same purpose Trochisces to heal the ulcers of the kidnies â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulâ—cae-plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth arab pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucilag psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. bâ—â— armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terrae sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ ss dissolved in whay ptisan barlie-water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved in plantain-water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstain from wine and instead thereof let him use barlie-water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the Sun Drink instead of wine stoned and boiled in five pints of fair water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glass untill one pint be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boiled a little more be strained through an hypocras bag with a quartern of sugar and two drams of choice cinnamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usual drink CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilitie to hold the Vrine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunk the urine is presently made in great plentie What Diabete is by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reins and the depravation or immoderation of the attractive faculty The external causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diuretick things and all more violent and vehement exercises The causes The internal causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidnies and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of the morbifick causes by urine Signs The loins in this disease are molested with a pricking and biteing pain and there is a continual and unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper Why the urines are watrish yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomach liver and hollow vein being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidnies or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certain death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feeds the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the four cold seeds for although they may profit by their first qualitie The cure yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must be used and such as generate gross humors as rice thick and astringent wine mixed with much water Narcotick things to be applied to the loins Exceeding cold yea narcotick things shall be applied to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kinde are oil of white poppie henbane opium purslain and lettuce-seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasms plasters and ointments may be made fit to corroborate the parts and correct and heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangurie What the Strangurie is THe Strangurie is an affect haveing some affinitie with the Diabete as that wherein the water is involuntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with pain The causes The external causes of a strangurie are the too abundant drinking of cold water and all too long stay in a cold place The internal causes are the defluxion of cold humors into the urinarie parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also and all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegm gravel and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this disease diverse medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therefore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. roses origanum calamint and the like and so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oil of bays and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drink and that not only in this cause but also when the strangurie happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a gross and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethorick But if inflammation together with a Plethora oâ— fulness hath caused this affect we may according to Galens advice Ad aphor 48. sect 7. heal it by blood-letting But if obstruction be in fault that shall be taken away by diureticks either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speak of the Dysuria or difficultie of making water because the remedies are in general the same with those which are used in the Ischuriae or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholick WHensoever the guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth and if the fault be in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos and Miserere mei but if it be in
shall lessen the matter of the disease by phlebotomie if that the Gout shall arise from the blood from the opposite part that by the same means revulsion and evacuation may be made Whence blood must be let in the Gout as if the upper parts be inflamed blood shall be drawn from the lower if on the contrary the lower out of the upper alwaies observing the straightness of the fibres Thus the right arm being troubled with a gouty inflammation the Sapheia of the right leg shall be opened and so on the contrary but if this general blood-letting being premised the pain shall not cease it will be requisite to open the vein next to the pain which I have often performed with happy success Yet phlebotomie hath not the like effect in all What gouty persons finde nâ— benefit by phlebotomy for it is not availeable to such as are continually and uncertainly troubled with gouty pains or whose bodies are weak and cold wherein phlegm only is predominant We may say the same of purging for though it be oft-times necessarie yet too frequently re-iterated it proves hurtful furthermore neither of these remedies is usually very profitable to such as observe no order in meat drink which use venerie too intemperately who abound with crude and contumacious humors whose joints by long vexation of the disease have contracted an hectick distemper and weakness so that they are departed from their natural constitution and suffer a great change of their proper substance In what Gout diet proves more effectual then medicines Wherefore as often as these greater remedies shall be used a Physician shall be called who according to his judgment may determine thereof For oft-times diet proveth more available then medicines therefore the patient if the matter of the Gout be hot shall either drink no wine at all or else very much allaied that is as much as his custom and the constitution of his stomach can endure A fit time for purging and bleeding is the Spring and Autumnn because according to the opinion of Hippocrates Aph 55. sect 6. Gouts reign chiefly in these seasons in Autum for that the heat of the precedent Summer debilitateth the digestive faculty the native heat being dissipated as also the eating of summer-fruits hath heaped up plenty of crude humors in the body which easily flow down into the passages of the joints opened and dilated by the Summers heat add hereunto that the inequality or variableness of Autumn weakneth all nervous parts and consequently the joints But in the Spring for that the humors forced inward by the coldness of the Winter are drawn forth from the centre to the circumference of the body and being attenuated fall into the joints upon a very small occasion therefore there is great both necessitie and opportunity for evacuation which if it shall not avert the accustomed fit yet it will make it more gentle and easie CHAP. X. Of Vomiting To what gout vomiting is to be used VOmiting is by all the Antients exceedingly commended not only for the prevention but also for the cure especially when as the matter floweth from the brain and stomach for the phlegmatick serous and cholerick humors which usually flow from the joints are excluded and diverted by vomit and also there is attenuation of that phlegm which being more thick and viscid adhereth to the roots of the stomach yet you must consider and see that the patient be not of too weak a stomach and brain for in this case vomiting is to be suspected For the time What time the fittest therefore such as have excrementitious humors flowing down to the stomach through any occasion as by exercise and motion must vomit before they eat on the contrary such as are overcharged with an old congestion of humors must vomit after they have eaten something Certainly it is safer vomiting after meat then it is before For the drie stomach cannot unless with great contention and straining free it self from the viscid humors impact in the coats thereof and hence there is no small danger of breaking a vein or arterie in the chest or lungs especially if the patient be straight-chested and long-necked the season cold and he unaccustomed to such evacuation An history I remember that with this kinde of remedy I cured a certain Gentleman of Geneva grievously molested with a cruel pain in his shoulder and thereby impotent to use his left arm the Physicians and Surgeons of Lions seemed to omit nothing else for his cure For they had used purgeing phlebotomie hunger a diet-drink of Guaiacum and China although his disease was not occasioned by the Lues Venerea and divers other topick medicines neither yet did they any thing avail Now lea ning by him that he was not apt to vomit but that it was difficult to him How to make one vomit easily I wished him to feed more plentifully and that of many and sundry meats as fat meats onions leeks with sundry drinks as beer ptisan sweet and sharp wine and that he should as it were over-charge his stomach at his meal and presently after get him to his bed for so it would happen that nature not endureing so great confusion and perturbation of meats and drinks whereof some were corrupted already in the stomach and other-some scarce altered at all nature not enduring this confusion and perturbation would easily and of its own accord provoke the stomach to vomit which that it might the better succeed he should help forward natures endeavor by thrusting his finger or a feather into his throat that so the thick and tenacious phlegm might by the same means be evacuated and not content to do thus once I wished him to do the like the second and third day following Lib. de rat victis for so it verifieth that saying of Hippocrates The second and third day exclude the reliques of the first afterwards that he should vomit twice a month chaw mastick fasting rub his neck and the pained part with aqua vitae strengthened by infusing therein lavander rosemarie and cloves grosly beaten confirm his arm by indifferent exercise he performed all this and so became free from his pain and recovered the use of his arm Those who do not like such plentiful seeding shall drink a great quantity of warm water wherein radish roots have been boiled and they shall have a care least by using their stomachs to this excretion by vomit they weaken the digestive and retentive faculty thereof Wherefore such as can naturally shall think it sufficient to vomit twice a month CHAP. XI The other general remedies for the Gout How diureticks are good for the Gouâ— THe defluxion of serous humors is very fitly diverted from the joints by the urine by the use of diu etick medicines Therefore the roots of sorrel parslie ruscus asparagus and grass and the like shall be boiled in broth and given to such as have the Gout for when
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâ—aling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde â—he sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâ—is or a little desiâ—catâ—vum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an â„¥ iiii To help the unsightly scarâ— of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
appetite whereby they require many and several things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the worms lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomach being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinks by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomach through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked there-from by sudden startings and fears they are held with a continued and slow fever a dry cough a winking with their eye-lids and often changeing of the colour of their faces But long and broad worms being the innates of the greater guts Signs of worms in the great guts Signs of Ascarides shew themselves by stools replenished with many sloughs here and there resembling the seeds of a Musk-melon or Cucumber Ascarides are known by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and down causing also a tenasmus and falling down of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptoms their sleep is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acrid and subtill vapors raised by the worms from the like humor and their food are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapor is sent up from a gross and cold matter They dream they eat in their sleep for that while the worms do more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stir up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certain colvulsifick repletion the muscles of the temples and jaws being distended by plenty of vapors A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the natural to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acrid vapors and irritated as though there were some humor to be expelled by coughing These same acrid sumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either an hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence gross or thin these carried up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkness of the sight and a sudden changeing of the colour in the cheeks Great worms are worse then little ones red then white living then dead many then few variegated then those of one colour as those which are signs of a greater corruption Why worms of divers colors are more dangerous Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oftimes they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are contained and thence penetrate into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the navel having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the worms draw their breath with difficulty and wax moist over all their bodies it is a sign that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharp fevers round worms come forth alive it is a sign of a pestilent fever the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signs of greater corruption in the humors and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to be used for the Worms The general indications of cureing the worms IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the worms either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kind are against nature all things must be shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milk-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pap is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certain similitude to the consistence and thickness of milk that so they may be the more easily concocted and assimilated and such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pap made therewith may not be too viscid nor thick if it should only be boiled in a pan as much as the milk would require or else the milk would be too terrestrial or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesie and wayish portion remaining if it should boil so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meat they which use meal otherwise in pap yield matter for the generating of gross and viscid humors in the stomach whence happens obstruction in the first veins and substance of the liver by obstruction worms breed in the guts and the stone in the kidnies and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meats of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putrid matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our Treatise of the Plague Wherefore and wherewith such as have the worms must be purged For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrup of succory or of Lemmons with rubarb a little treacle or methridate is a singular medicine if there be no fever you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine â„ž cornu cervi pul rasur ebâ—ris an Ê’i ss sem tanacet contra verm an Ê’i fiat decoctio pro parvâ dosi in colaturâ infunde rhei optimi Ê’i cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio â„¥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three hours before any broth Oil of Olives drunk kills worms as also water of knot-grass drunk with milk and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milk hony and sugar without oils and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is natural to worms to shun bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learn that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mix sweet things that allured by the sweetness they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Harâ—s horn good against the worms Therefore I would with milk and suger mix the seeds of centaury Rue wormwood aloes and the like harts-horn is very effectual against worms wherefore you may infuse the shaveings thereof in the water or drink that the patient drinks as also to boil some thereof in his broths So also treacle drunk or taken in broth killeth the worms purslain boiled in broths and distilled and drunk is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and rose-Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of rose-Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in rose-Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and rose-Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
may be given Clysters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water half a pirate oil of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantain and Purslain or rather of their juice three ounces of Camphire seven grains and the whites of three eggs make thereof a Clyster The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the hair being first shaved away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheeps-lungs taken warm out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warm Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applied to the neck and shoulder-blades The arms and legs must be strongly bound being first well rubbed to divert the sharp vapors and humors from the head Frontals may also be made on this manner Take of the oil of Rose and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oil of Poppy half an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire half a dram mix them together Also Nodulaes may be made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrags beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applied to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasms also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meal four ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each half an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and purslain of each two ounces A Cataplasm of the water and vinegar of Roses of each ounces make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm to the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce of water-Lillies Henbane purslain of each half a pinte of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each half an ounce oil of Roses three ounces of vinegar two ounces of Barlie-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis When the heat of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflamtion of the brain asswaged we must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in pain of the head they do use to binde the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must be avoided CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidneyes THe heat of the kidnies tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galeni newly made adding thereto the whites of eggs well beaten that so the ointment may keep moist the longer let this liniment be renewed every quarter of an hour wiping away the reliques â—â—â—e old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss succi plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii An ointment for the reins acetires â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have annointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like old herbs and then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate and wrung out again and often changed the patient shall not lie upon a fether-bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaff of Oats or upon a Mat with many doubted cloaths or Chamlet spread thereon An ointment for the heart To the region of the heart may in the mean time he applied a refrigerating and alexiterial medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nonupharini â„¥ i. acet ros aq ros an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed otgether make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth maybe applied to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriaca opt Ê’i ss The noise of dropping water draws on sleep succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ss camphurae croci an grain iii. let them be all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewer or cock with a basin under it to receive the water which by the dropping may resemble rain Let the soles of the feet and palms of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lie far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THe skin in pestilent Fevers The differences of the spots in the Plague is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in form like unto a grain of miller The more spots appear the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulencie of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow brown violet or purple blew and black Their several names and the reasons of them And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore we call them purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and form of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i. Butterflies because they do suddenly seize or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflies somtimes the face sometimes the arms and legs and sometimes all the whole body oftentimes they do not only affect the upper part of the skin but go deeper into the flesh When signs of death specially when they proceed matter that is gross and adust They do sometimes appear great and broad affecting the whole arm leg or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humor that offends in quantity or quality If they are of a purple or black colour with often swounding and sink in suddenly without any manifest cause they fore-shew death The cause of the breaking out of those Spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venom receieed or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent Fever many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humors in the bodie that neither the sores nor carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as fore-runners of death Somtimes they break out alone without a botch or carbuncle which if they be red and have no evil symptoms joyned with them they are not went to prove deadly they appear for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimeslater and sometimes they appear not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Why they sometimes appear after the death of the patient Wherefore then principally the putrid heat which is greatest a little
decoction of Quince Medlars Cervices Mulberries Bramble-berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and wast the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrup of red Currants Ointments jul p of Roses and the like Let the region of the stomach and belly be annointed with oil of Mastich Moschatelium Myrtles and Quince Also cut of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and Rose-water may be profitably applied or else a cataplasm of red Roses Sumach Berberâ—es Myrtles the pulp oâ— Quinces Mastich Bean-flower and hony of Roses made up with Calideate-water Clyster to stay a flux Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing Clysters shall be injected These following retund the acrimony of humors and asswage pain â„ž fol. lâ—ctuc hyâ—sc aceâ—â—s pâ—riuâ—an m. i. fter violâ—r nenuph. an â„¥ i ss fiâ—t clyster Or else â„ž râ—s rut hâ—râ— muna sem piant an p. i. fiat de câ—ctio in câ—â—atura â—ade â—â—e râ—s â„¥ ii vite â—vâ—r ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis câ—pi crur. viteâ—â—â— câ—pit vâ—rvicin unà cum pelle lb. ii in qua â—â—quantur fol. violâ—r mâ—â—iv mercur planteg an m i. hâ—ra mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major â„¥ ss in coâ—â—turae lb ss dissolvâ— câ—ss reventer exirâ—ct â„¥ i. ol vici â„¥ iv vitell r. over ii sacc rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž far chamam meâ—â—neth in p. â— rad lismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturâ—â—â—dde mucâ—g sem lin faenugraexiract in aquâ maâ—v â„¥ ii saccar rub â„¥ â— olei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss vitellâ—r â—ver ii fiat clyster Such Clysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate pain When shaving of the guts appear in the stools it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then we must use detergent and consolidating glysters A Clyster for uâ—ceraced guts as this which follows â„ž herdei integr p. ii râ—s ruâ— fâ—r chamoem plantag â—pit an p. i. fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve melits rasat syr de a. sinth an â„¥ ss viteâ— â—ver ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinea pertulac an â„¥ ii â— â—mâ—n sarg aracâ—n â—myl an Ê’i seâ—i hiâ—cini dissoluti Ê’ii fiat câ—yster Also Cows-milk boiled with Plantain A very astringent Clyster and mixed with syrup of Roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plantpolygon an m. i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in calaturâ adde boli armen sâ—gil sang dracen Ê’ii aellumina quatuor over fiat clyster Or. else â„ž suc plant arnâ—glâ—s câ—ntined partulac residentia fâ—cta depura crum quantumufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armani terrae sigil sang dracon anÊ’i cl myrrh rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of Pomegranat-pils of Cypress-nuts red Rose leaves Sumâ—ch Alum and Vitriol made with Smiths water and so made into glysters without any oil It will be good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly A nourishing C yster Astringent Clysters ought not to be used before that the noxious humors be drawn away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient be so weak that he cannot take or swallow any thing by the mouth nutritive glysters may be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis crur. vitulini coct cum acetosa buglossâ— beragiâ— lactuca pimpinellâ â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitâ—llos overum nu iii. saccarirosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recenâ—is non sality Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration Tumors are oft-â—imes discussed by the force of nature after they are suppurated THe pestilent malignity as it is oft-times drawn by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft-times it is sent forth invisibly the same way again For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humors attenuate into vapours and air through the unperceiveable breathing-places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumors and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft-times resolved and discussed by the only efficacy of nature and heat without any help of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalant may free it self from the pestilent malignity by transpiration some Abscess Bubo or carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certain part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerful and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must be cured after another order then is yet described The Nurse of the sucking Childe must govern her self so in diet and the use of medicines The nurs must be dieted when as the childe is sick as if shee were infected with the pestilence her self Her diet consisteth in the use of the six things not natural Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in diet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milk and so unto the infant that liveth by the milk And the Infant it self must keep the same diet as near as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoiding of superfluous humors and excrements of the body Let the narse be fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the severish heat as cooling broths cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholly abstain from wine and annoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the Infant suck with water or juice of Sorrel tempered with Sugar of Roses But the Infants heart must be fortified against the violence of the increasing venom by giving it one scruple of Treacle in Nurses milk the broth of a Pallet or some other cordial water It is also very necessary to annoint the region of the heart the emanctories and both the wrists with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle dissolved in Rose-water vinegar of Roses and a little Aqua vitae that so nature may be strengthened against the malignity of the venom When the children are weaned and somewhat well grown they may take medicines by the mouth Medicines may be given to such as are weaned for when they are able to concoct and turn into blood meats that are more gross and firm then milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve
immoderately the blood is sharp and burning and also stinking the sick woman is also troubled with a continual fever and her tongue will be dry ulcers arise in the gums and all the whole mouth In women the flowers do flow by the veins and arteries which rise out of the spermatick vessels and end in the bottom and sides of the womb but in virgins and in women great with child whose children are sound and healthful by the branches of the hypogastrick vein and artery which are spred and dispersed over the neck of the womb The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatness and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels The criticâ—l flux of the flowers The signs of blood flowing from the womb or neck of the womb oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painful and a difficult birth of the childe or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the womb or by reason that the veins and arteries of the neck of the womb are torn by the comming forth of the infant with great travel and many times by the use of sharp medicines and exulcerating pessaries Oft-times also nature avoids all the juice of the whole body critically by the womb after a great disease which flux is not rashly or suddenly to be stopped That menstrual blood that floweth from the womb is more gross black and clotty but that which commeth from the neck of the womb is more clear liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choce of such meats and drinks as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtil parts so they are stopped by such meats as are cooling thickning a stringent and sliptick as are barly-waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fried or sodden with sorrel purslain plantain shepherd's-purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a Harts-horn burned washed and taken in astringent water will stop all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites coral beaten into most subtil powder and drunk in steeled water also pap made with milk wherein steel hath oftentimes been quenched and the flowr of wheat barly beans or rice is very effectual for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian-berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Julips are to be used of steeled waters with the syrup of dry roses pomegranats sorrel myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to be avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must chuse gross and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially Venerous exercises anger is to be avoided a cold air is to be chosen The institution or order of life which if it be not so naturally must be made so by sprinkling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat be then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a vein in the arm cupping-glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painful frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood Purging the body must be purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarb Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrup of Roses CHAP. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate flux of the terms and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may be the form of an unguent â„ž ol mastich myrt an Ê’ii nucum cupres olibani An unguent myrtil an Ê’ii succi rosar rubr â„¥ i. pulv mastichin â„¥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat anÊ’ ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made â„ž aq plantag An astringent injection rosar rubr bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressiâ— gallar non maturar an Ê’ ii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an Ê’i make thereof a decoction and inject it in a syringe blunt-pointed into the womb lest if it should be sharp it might hurt the sides of the neck of the womb also Snails beaten with their shells and applied to the navel are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coales and incorporated with the powder of Myrtles and Bole-Armenick and put into the neck of the womb are marvellous effectual for this matter The form of a pessarie may be thus A stringent pessaries â„ž gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar Ê’ii ammo Ê’ ss sang dracoâ— pulv rad symphyt sumach mastich fucci acaciae cornu cerust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an Ê’i caphur ℈ ii mix them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grass syngreen night-shade hen-bane water-lillies plantain of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as Oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loins thighs and genital parts but if this immoderate flux do come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the neck of the womb let the place be annointed with the milk of a shee-Ass with barly-water or binding and astringent mucelages as of Psilium Quinces Gum Tragacanth Arabick and such like CHAP. LVIII Of Womens Fluxâ—s or the Whites The reason of the name BEsides the fore-named Flux which by the law of nature happeneth to women monthly there is also another called a Womans Flux because it is only proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continual distillation from the womb The differences or through the womb comming from the whole body without pain no otherwise then when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reins or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertain seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the womb it differeth from the menstrual Flux because that this for the space of a few daies as it shall seem convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this Womans Flux yeeldeth impure ill juice somtimes sanious sometimes serous and livid otherwhiles white and thick like unto barly-cream proceeding from flegmatick blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore we see women that are phlegmatick and of a soft and loose habit of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites What women are apt to
at the mouth and sweats In the mean while let him put in an instrument made like unto a pessary and cause the sick woman to hold it there this instrument must have many holes in the upper end through which the purulent matter may pass which by staying or stopping might get a sharpness as also that so the womb may breath the more freely and may be kept more temperate and cool by receiving the air by the benefit of a springe whereby this instrument being made like unto a pessary is opened and shut The form of an Instrument made like unto a Pessary whereby the womb may be ventilated A. Sheweth the end of the Instrument which must have many hâ—les therein B. Sheweth the body of the Instrument C. Sheweth the plate whereby the mouth of the Instrument is opened and shut as wide and as close as you will for to receive the air more freely D. Sheweth the springe EE Shew the laces and bands to tie about the patients body that so the Instrument may be staied and kept fast in his place CHAP. LXI Of the Hoemorrhoids and Warts of the neck of the womb The differences of the Haemorrhoids of the neck of the womb LIke as in the fundament so in the neck of the womb there are Hoemorrhoides and as it were varicous veins often-times flowing with much blood or with a red and stinking whayish humor Some of these by reason of their redness and great inequality as it were of knobs are like unripe Mulberries and are called vulgarly venae morales that is to say the veins or hoemorrhâ—ids like unto Mulberries others are like unto Grapes and therefore are named uvales other some are like unto warts and therefore are called venae verucales some appear and shew themselves with a great tumor others are little in the bottom of the neck of the womb others are in the side or edg thereof Acrochordon is a kinde of wart with a callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root What an Acrochoâ—don is and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thred it is called of the Arabians veruca botoralis What a Thymus it There is also another kind of wart which because of its great roughness and inequality is called Thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by Venerous acts many times they have a certain malignity and an hidden virulency joined with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching only because they have their matter of a raging humor therefore to these we may not rightly use a true S. Fiacrius figs. but only the palliative cure as they term it the Latines call them only ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct Saint Fiacrius figs. CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the neck of the womb What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off THe warts that grow in the neck of the womb if they be not malignant are to be tied with a thred and so cut off Those that lie hid more deep in the womb may be seen and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilaters for the inspection of the Matrix Another form of a Dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. Sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the Matrix BB. Shew the arms or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these Dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bigness correspondent to the patients bodie let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as we have said when the childe is to be drawn out of her bodie That instrument is most meet to tie the warts which we have described in the relaxation of the palate or Vvula let them be tied harder and harder every day until they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chief scopes as bands sections Three scopes of the cure of warts in the womb An effectual water to consume warts cauteries and lest they grow up again let oil of vitriol be dropped on the place or aqua fortis oâ— some of the â—ee whereof potential cauteries are made This water following is most effectual to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’ iii. sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ ss beat them all together and boil them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick Unguents to consume warts of late affirmed to me that Ox-dung tempered with the leaves or powder of Savine would wast the warts of the womb if it were applied thereto warm which whether it be true or not let Experience the mistress of things be judge Verily Cantharides put into unguents will do it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousness which groweth between the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of Marigolds do certainly perform the self-same thing CHAP. LXIII Of Chaps and thâ—se wrinkled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call Condylomata What Chaps are CHaps or Fissures are cleft and very long little Ulcers with pain very sharp and burning by reason of the biting of an acrid salt and drie humor making so great a contraction and often-times narrowness in the fundament and the neck of the womb that scarcely the top of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leather or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speak eat nor open his mouth so that the Surgeon is constrained to cut it The cure In the cure thereof all sharp things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved place or part is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters and if the maladie be in the womb a dilater of the matrix or pessarie must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard and too much drawn together or narrow What Condylomata are and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certain wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of the flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edge of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease The cure such as are oil of
Bruising as when medicines are broken by striking and rubbing or grinding in a mortar and that either of Brass Iron Lead Glass Wood Marble and other like Considering the thing which is to be beaten The strength or force wherewith it must be performed The time or space The situation The things to be added The consistence which the thing beaten must be of More strong By searsing whereby we separate the purer and finer from the more impure and gross which is done by sieves and searses made of Wood Parchment Hors-hair Silk Lawn Wherein is to be noted that the same consideration is to be had in searsing as in beating therefore such things as are to be finely powdered must be searsed in a finer searse such as are more gross in a courser More pleasant By dissolving or mollifying which is nothing else but a dissolving of a simple or a compound medicine of a thick or hard consistence either into a mean consistence or a little more liquid or soft which is performed either by heat only for by heat gums and horns are mollified or by liquor as by vinegar water wine juice of Limmons c. More wholsome By desiccation or hardening which is nothing else but the consuming of the superfluous and hurtful moisture and this is performed either by the Sun or by Fire By infusion which is nothing else but the tempering or macerating of a medicine a little beaten or cut in some liquor appropriate and fit for our purpose as in Milke Vineger Water oyl and the like so long as the nature of the medicine requires To Infusion Nutrition may be reduced which is nothing else but as it were a certain accretion of the medicine by being moistened macerated rubbed or ground with some moisture especially with heat By burning that is by consuming the humidity which is in them And that either that they may be the better powdered being otherwise too glutinous or that they may lay aside their gross essence and become of a subtiler temper or that they may put off or partly lose some fiery quality as acrimony Gal. lib. 4. cap. 9. simplicium Or that they may acquire a new colour Now all things are burnt either alone as such things as have a fatty moisture as hairs sweaty wool horns Or else with some combustile matter as sulphur alum salt barly c. More fit for mixture By boyling or elixation which is performed by a humid heat as burning is by a drye and that either that we may increase the weak faculties of such medicines as are boyled by boyling them with such as are stronger or else to weaken such as are too strong or else wholly to dissipate such as are contrary Or that one faculty may arise of sundry things of different faculties being boyled together or for the longer keeping them or bringing them to a certain form or consistence All which are done by Fire or Sun By washing or cleansing whereby the impurity of the medicine is wasted away or cleansed and such things are either hard as metals stones parts of living creatures condensed juices and other like Or soft as Rosins Gums Fat 's Oils And these ought first to be finely beaten that the water may penetrate in all their substance Or to be dissolved and cast into the vessel filled with water and so stirred and then suffered to subside so that the fat may swim aloft And this must be done so long that the water retain nothing thereof in colour smell or taste CHAP. IX Of repelling or repercussive Medicines Astringents are understood by the name of repellers REpelling or repercussive medicines are cold and of gross and earthy parts by which name also astringent medicins are understood because they hinder the falling down of the humors upon the part Repercussives are such either of their nature and of themselves or else by accident being not such of their own nature These which of themselves are such The differences of repercussives are of two kindes for some are watrish and moist without any astrictive faculty which almost wholly proceeds from an earthy essence wherefore that faculty of repelling which they possess they have it wholly from coldness Of this kinde are lettuce purslain sow-thistle ducks-meat kidney-wurt cucumbers melons gourds house-leek mandrake-apples night-shade henbane and the like which cool powerfully and unless they be taken away before the part wax blackish they extinguish the natural heat Othersome are of an earthy essence and therefore astrictive but yet some of these are hot othersome cold Such things as are cold of temper and of an earthy consistence are properly and truly termed repellers Of these some are simple othersome compound the simples are plantain vine-leaves leaves of roses okes brambles cypress berberries sumach all unripe fruits verjuice vineger red wine the juice of sower pomegranats acacia the juice of berberries and quinces hypocistis pomegranat-pils oke-bark the flowers of wilde pomgranats the meal of barly beans panick oats millet orobus mixed with juices in form of a pultis bole-armenick sanguis draconis ceruss litharge terra sigillata sullers-earth chalk marl the load-stone lead corals all marchisites antimony spodium true pomphylix all sorts of earth and other things of the like nature Now compound things are Oleum rosaceum omphacinum mirtillorum papaveris cydoniorum nenupharis unguentum rosatum album rhasis campharatum emplastrum diacalcitheos dissolved in vineger and oil of roses desiccativum rubrum populeon emplastrum nigrum seu tetrapharmacum of Galens description empl contra rupturam de cerusa pro matrice All such cold repercussives are more effectual if they be associated with tenuity of substance Why things of subtil parts are oft-times mixed with repercussives either of themselves or by mixture with some other things for to this purpose we often mix vineger camphire and the like things of subtil parts which repercussives of gross parts that they may serve as vehicles to carry in the repercussive faculty Repercussives of gross parts and hot are wormwood centory gentian agrimony savin coriander mint bay-leaves cardamomes calamus aromaticus aloes spicknard Repellers by accident saffron nutmeg cinnamon amber salt alum coporas sulphur oleum absinthinum mastichinum nardinum costinum ceratum Gal. stomachicum santalinum emplastrum diacalcitheos But such things as repel by accident are bandages compressers linnen-cloths and rowlers of all sorts cases cauteries When and to what parts repercussives must be applyed blood-letting cupping painful frictions in the opposite parts and other such like things as are properly said to make revulsion The use of repercussives is to force back the humor which flows from any other place into the part and thus they mitigate the heat of such inflammation as that defluxion of humors hath caused yea oft-times to asswage and help pain the fever abscess malign ulcers and mortification Such repercussives must alwaies be so opposed to the disease that respect may be had to the temper
linnen-clothes dipped therein A water also distilled of snails gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowers of white mullain mixed together in equal proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of Elm-leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž micae panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor nenuph. lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti â—pt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitrâ—c fiat aqua ad faciei et manuum lotionem Or â„ž olei de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i. ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat linimentum profacie Or â„ž caponem vivum et caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu iv cerus lâ—t in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. â„¥ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo The marrow of sheeps-bones good to smooth the face There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheeps-bones which smooths the roughness of the skin beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boiling beat them and so boil them in water when they are well boiled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swims upon it and there with anoint your face when as you go to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water How to make Sal ceâ—ussa â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul et fiat linimentum addendo olei ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Ceruss into very fine powder and infuse lb 1. thereof in a bottle of distilled vineger for four or five daies then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessel over a gentle fire until it concrete into salt just as you do the capitellum in making of cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them all be incorporated in a marble morter and kept in a glass or silver vessel and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevails against the redness of the face if after the anointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloth moistened in the former described water â„ž sul lim Ê’i argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ii margarit non perforat Ê’i caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur et fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aquâ myrti et desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde follorum auri et argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palm of your hand a little oyl of mastich or of sweet-almonds then presently in that oyl dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and again in the morning when you arise How to paint the face When the face is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheeks with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautiful color for this purpose take as much as you shall think fit of brasil and alchunet steep them in alum-water and therewith touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps-skin died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand only causeth a pleasing redness in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits GHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and cheeks Why worse in winter then in summar and oft-times all the face besides one while with a tumor otherwhiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixture of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacca This shews both more and more ugly in winter then in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skin so that the matter contained thereunder is bent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skin into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft-times not to be helped by medicine For the general method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstain from wine Diet. and from all things in general that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shun hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena frontis and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leeches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping-glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate Remedies the hardness shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physician shall think fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum An approved ointment argenti vivi cum saliva et sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ii farin ciser et fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’i cum melle et succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantain-water and spread them upon linnen cloths and so apply them on the night-time to the affected parts and so let them oft-times be renewed â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei sem cucurb et succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be annointed when you go to bed in the morning let it be washed away with rose-water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vineger boiled with bran and rose-water and applied as before powerfully takes away the redness of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphuris vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquae rosarum linnen cloths dipped herein shall be applied to the
consequently oily Now because the oily substance that is contained in simple bodies What oyls are to be drawn by expression is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is two-fold For some is gross earthy viscous and wholly confused and mixt with the bodies out of which they ought to be drawn as that which we have said is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this natural grossness be lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily riâ—es such is the oily substance of aromatick things as of Juniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs The first manner of drawing oyls by distillation Cinnamom Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This the manner of extracting oyls out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the material there may be ten pints of water infuse it in a copper-bottom having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couler filled w th cold-water Set your vessel upon a fornace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall wax hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not flye away you shall put a long-neckt-receiver to the nose of the Alembick and you shall increase the fire until the things contained in the Alembick boil Another way There is another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brass or copper-bottom covered with his head to which shall be fitted or well luted a worm of Tin this worm shall run through a barrel filled with cold-water that the liquor which flows forth with the oyl may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worm you shall set your Receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be increased by little and little until the contained matter as we formerly said do boil but take heed that you make not too quick or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boiling may exceed the bounds of the containing vessel and so violently flye over Observ ng these things you shall presently at the very first see an oily moisture flowing forth together with the waterish When the oyl hath done flowing which you may know by the color of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the fire and you may separate the oyl from the water by a little vessel made like a Thimble and tied to the end of a stick or which is better with a glass-funnel or instrument made of glass for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oyls that swim upon the top of the water as oyl of aniseeds othersome on the contrary What oyls fall to the bottom which fall to the bottom as oyl of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oyl of Anniseed and Cinnamom is whitish and in success of time will in some small proportion turn into oyl Also these waters must be kept several for they are far more excellent then those that are distilled by Balneo Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyl Oyls are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectual for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted into a few drams For example the faculty that was dispersed over one pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyl at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawn into Ê’iss or Ê’ii at the most of oyl But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without fear of breaking the vessels whereto glasses are subject I like that you distil them in copper-vessels for you need not fear that the oyl which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flows forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall be tinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessels to extract the Chymical oyls or spirits of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of Wine of Vineger and Aqua vitae In stead of the barrel and worm you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shews the bottom which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the in side B. The head C. The barrel filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyl that run through the pipe or worm that is put through it D. A pipe of brass or lattin or rather a worm of Tin running through the Barrel E. The Alembick set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper The description of Pepper and other spices which grow not hâ—re with us I have thought good to describe there out of Thevets Cosmography he having seen them growing Pepper grows upon shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivie-berries or bunches of small black grapes or currans the leaves are like those of the Citron-tree but sharpish and pricking The Iadians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soon as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft-times happens that there are more then 200 ships upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in antidotes against Poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applied and taken inwardly against a cold stomach The uses thereof in sauces it helps concoction and procures appetite you must make choice of such as is black heavy and not flaccid The trees which bear white and those that bear black pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unless when they have their fruit hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which bear white black Grapes The tree that yeels Cinnamon grows in the mountain of India The Cinnamon tree and hath leaves very like to baye-leaves branches and shoots at certain times of the year are cut from this tree by the appointment of the Kâ—ng of that Province the bark of which is that we term
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
of an Onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oil of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veins by these means come to shew themselves they shall be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or Fig-leaves or a raw Onion or an Ox-gall mixt with some powder of Collequintida Lastly you may apply Horse-leeches or you may open them with â— lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swoln with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be staid by the same means as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stâ—ol or a flax of the belly NAture oftentimes both by it self of its own accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sink of the body the whole matter of a pestilâ—nt disease whence are caused Diarrhaeas Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kinds of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thin and sincere that is retain the nature of one and that a simple humor as of choler melancholy or phlegm and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or freâ—ting pain then it is a Diarrhaea What a Diarrhaea is which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of tâ—e stomach and guts caused by ill humors either there collected or flowing from some other 〈◊〉 or by a cold and moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude and almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft-times mixt with blood What a Disenteria is are cast forth with pâ—iâ—â—g gâ—ipings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acrid choler fretting in sunder the coats of the vessels But 〈…〉 â—ny kind of disease certainly in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted grease yellow red purple green ash-coloured black and exceeding stinking The cause of various and stinking excrements in the Plague The cause is various and many sorts of ill humors which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turn into divers species differing in their whole kind both from their particulâ—r as also from nature in general by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable sign is stench which is oft-times accompanied by worms In the camp at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was over all the Camp An history in this the strongest souldiers purged forth meer blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraick veins and arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the Summers sun and the minds of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acrid and cholerick humor was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements then by the site of the pain therefore in the one you must rather work by clysters but in the other by medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavors to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the mean while doth it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of â„¥ ss of hiera simplex and a dram of Diaphaenicon dissolved in Worm-wood wateâ— A person Also Clysters are good in this case not only for that they asswage the gripings and pains and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraick veins and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it self from the noxious humors In such Clysters they also sometimes mix two or three drams of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retund the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose Suppositories of boiled hony â„¥ i of hiera picra and common salt of each Ê’ ss or that they may be the stronger of hony â„¥ iii. of Ox-gall â„¥ i. of Scammony Euphorbium and Coloquintida powdred of each Ê’ ss Suppositories The want of these may be supplyed by Nodulas made in this form â„ž vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an â„¥ ss salis tom Ê’ss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen rags and then bound up into Noduleas of the bigness of a Fil-berd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acrid by adding some powder of Eupporbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the flux of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death if they shall appear to be such A hasty pudding to stay the lask they must be staied in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat-flower boiled in the water of the decoction of one Pomegranat Berberies Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata white Poppy-seeds of each Ê’i The following Almond-milk strengthens the stomach and mitigates the acrimony of the cholerick humor provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of Barly wherein steel or non hath been quenched â—eat them in a marble-mortar and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond-mâ—lk whereto adding Ê’i of Diarhâ—den Abbatis you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelain the Kings chief Physician who received it of his father and held it as a great secret and was wont to prescribe it with happy success to his patients D. Chappâ—lains medecine to stay a scouring It is 〈◊〉 â„ž beâ—â—â—rmen terrae sigil l. pid hamat an Ê’i picis nâ—valis Ê’ i ss coral rub marg 〈◊〉 câ—râ— câ—vi â—st 〈◊〉 in aq p. aâ—t an ℈ succar r. s â„¥ ii fiat pu vis Of this let the patient take a 〈◊〉 before meat or with the yâ—lk of an egg Chrisâ—â—pher Anarâ—â— in his 〈◊〉 much commendeth dogs-dung when as the dog hath for three dries before â—een fed only with bones Qâ—â—ces rosted in members or boâ—led in a pot the Conserve of Cornelian-cherries Preserved Berberies and Myrabolans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomach and stay the lask the patient must feed upon good meats Drink and these rather rosted then boiled His drink shall be caliâ—â—â—ate-water of the decoctâ—on of sower Pomegranats beaten or of the