of_o stone_n and_o brick_n and_o be_v former_o the_o seat_n of_o their_o chan_n from_o whence_o these_o tartar_n receive_v first_o their_o name_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v precopians_n from_o the_o city_n of_o precop_n which_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o the_o isthmus_n the_o tartar_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v not_o very_o large_a consist_v only_o of_o 400_o or_o 500_o house_n it_o be_v call_v precop_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n precap_n which_o signify_v a_o ditch_n or_o trench_n because_o it_o be_v build_v just_a within_o the_o trench_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o be_v make_v across_o the_o isthmus_n opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o western_a side_n be_v the_o city_n of_o coslow_n situate_v upon_o a_o cape_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n extend_v to_o the_o exin_n sea_n it_o have_v about_o 2000_o house_n and_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a trade_n and_o about_o five_o or_o six_o day_n journey_n from_o azoph_n further_o westward_o at_o 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than_o ordinary_a reverence_n they_o decline_v their_o head_n very_o low_a towards_o the_o ground_n without_o move_v their_o foot_n the_o woman_n use_v the_o same_o way_n of_o salute_v only_o that_o they_o bow_v very_o slow_o let_v their_o hand_n hang_v down_o by_o their_o side_n and_o neverâ—_n touch_v their_o bonnet_n when_o a_o muscovite_n intend_v to_o show_v the_o great_a piece_n of_o civility_n he_o be_v capable_a of_o to_o a_o stranger_n he_o bring_v to_o he_o his_o wife_n attire_v in_o her_o best_a apparel_n to_o salute_v she_o with_o a_o kiss_n your_o ordinary_a citizen_n or_o peasant_n when_o they_o appear_v before_o their_o magistrate_n or_o the_o nobility_n bow_v to_o the_o very_a ground_n prostrate_v themselves_o and_o beat_v their_o forehead_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o same_o reverence_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o czar_n even_o by_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extraordinary_a respect_n pay_v by_o the_o commonalty_n to_o the_o noble_n make_v they_o appear_v so_o extreme_o haughty_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o authority_n that_o stranger_n though_o of_o the_o first_o quality_n rare_o meet_v with_o that_o civility_n they_o may_v reasonable_o claim_v according_a to_o their_o respective_a station_n unless_o it_o be_v from_o some_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o foreign_a country_n they_o begin_v their_o day_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o end_v it_o at_o the_o set_n so_o that_o their_o night_n begin_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v down_o and_o end_n when_o it_o rise_v their_o year_n they_o begin_v on_o the_o first_o of_o september_n because_o they_o use_v no_o other_o epoch_n than_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n which_o they_o suppose_v be_v in_o autumn_n and_o whereas_o we_o account_v from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n three_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o nine_o year_n they_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o the_o greek_n reckon_v five_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o eight_o so_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1697_o they_o reckon_v in_o muscovy_n 7209_o year_n from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n whilst_o we_o account_v but_o 5720._o they_o solemnize_v their_o new-year_n day_n with_o great_a procession_n in_o all_o the_o considerable_a town_n of_o muscovy_n their_o manner_n of_o travel_v be_v extreme_o commodious_a especial_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o their_o sled_n glide_v away_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n or_o snow_n in_o a_o flat_a country_n with_o incredible_a swiftness_n and_o very_o little_a inconveniency_n to_o the_o horse_n so_o that_o they_o will_v travel_v 50_o or_o 60_o mile_n a_o day_n these_o sled_n be_v make_v of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o linden-tree_n fit_v to_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o a_o man_n they_o line_n they_o with_o some_o thick_a feel_a and_o when_o a_o man_n be_v lay_v in_o they_o along_o he_o be_v cover_v and_o wrap_v up_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n in_o good_a fur_n the_o carter_n run_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_z the_o sle_z to_o warm_v himself_o and_o sometime_o sit_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o person_n that_o ride_v in_o the_o sled_n where_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o comfort_v himself_o with_o a_o drachm_n of_o the_o bottle_n these_o sled_n be_v very_o low_o build_v if_o they_o happen_v to_o over-turn_a be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a the_o lady_n sleds_o be_v cover_v on_o all_o side_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o coach_n be_v much_o high_a and_o heavy_a and_o therefore_o more_o dangerous_a whilst_o they_o travel_v thus_o the_o time_n be_v pass_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o sleep_v the_o easy_a and_o insensible_a motion_n favour_v the_o repose_n of_o the_o traveller_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o pass_v through_o desert_n and_o great_a forest_n where_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remain_v all_o night_n in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o kindle_v a_o great_a fire_n and_o round_o about_o it_o range_v their_o sled_n so_o that_o be_v well_o 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in_o observe_v the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n and_o seldom_o marry_v those_o that_o be_v any_o wise_a near_a to_o they_o by_o kindred_n or_o alliance_n two_o brother_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o marry_v two_o sister_n neither_o be_v godfather_n and_o godmother_n to_o the_o same_o person_n to_o intermarry_a there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o woo_v here_o betwixt_o the_o young_a couple_n gallantry_n and_o courtship_n the_o preliminary_n of_o love_n which_o insensible_o insinuate_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o captivate_v our_o heart_n be_v look_v upon_o here_o as_o chimaera_n marriage_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o necessary_a evil._n young_a man_n and_o maid_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o see_v much_o less_o to_o have_v any_o conversation_n with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o to_o talk_v of_o marriage_n or_o to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o least_o promise_n by_o
the_o three_o province_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o rhesan_n betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o don_n and_o occa_fw-la lie_v southward_o from_o muscovy_n rhesan_n rhesan_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n aka_fw-mi be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a province_n of_o all_o muscovy_n abound_v in_o wheat_n honey_n fish_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o venison_n and_o fowl_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v call_v likewise_o rhesan_n former_o a_o very_a considerable_a place_n which_o have_v give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1568_o total_o destroy_v as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n by_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n all_o along_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la which_o from_o thence_o extend_v its_o self_n to_o that_o great_a trench_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fence_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n on_o that_o side_n and_o have_v get_v together_o the_o disperse_a inhabitant_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o material_n he_o order_v the_o build_n of_o a_o new_a city_n at_o forty_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o former_a which_o be_v call_v peresla_n resanski_n because_o a_o great_a many_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o peresla_n heretofore_o mention_v come_v hither_o to_o settle_v themselves_o notwithstanding_o which_o the_o old_a city_n of_o rhesan_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n beside_o which_o this_o province_n have_v also_o the_o city_n of_o domkagorod_n corsira_n and_o tulla_n the_o latter_a be_v situate_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o four_o be_v the_o province_n of_o wolodimer_n wolâ—dimer_n wolâ—dimer_n former_o the_o chief_a of_o whole_a muscovy_n the_o capital_a city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n prince_n wolodimer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 928_o and_o be_v from_o â—hence_o communicate_v to_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o â—e_v situate_v in_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n of_o all_o musâ—ovy_n above_o 150_o mile_n eastward_o from_o musco_n between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n this_o city_n which_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o river_n clesna_n be_v â—or_a a_o considerable_a time_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n till_o the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v transfer_v to_o musco_n by_o prince_n danilou_n michâ—elovits_n since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v much_o decay_v from_o its_o former_a splendour_n the_o ruin_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o house_n be_v undeniable_a demonstration_n of_o its_o former_a greatness_n unto_o this_o province_n be_v annex_v the_o two_o tartarian_a principality_n of_o cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n mordwa_n cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o first_o be_v cassinogord_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la as_o one_o come_v from_o musco_n surround_v with_o a_o great_a many_o goodly_a village_n and_o monastery_n most_o pleasant_o seat_v among_o the_o wood_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o second_o be_v moruma_n be_v inhabit_v partly_o by_o muscovite_n partly_o by_o tartar_n but_o altogether_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la the_o river_n clesna_n which_o come_v from_o wolodimer_n fall_v into_o it_o at_z about_z 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n distance_n the_o five_o province_n be_v nisenovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n have_v receive_v its_o name_n as_o most_o other_o in_o this_o country_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n call_v nisenovogorod_n thâ—â—_n city_n be_v build_v at_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o two_o greâ—_n rivers_n occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n at_o 56_o degree_n 28_o min._n neâ—â—_n 500_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n by_o land_n and_o above_o 700_o by_o water_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o novogorod_n the_o inhabitant_n 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v by_o order_n from_o the_o great_a duke_n basâ—â—â—_n translate_v to_o this_o place_n it_o be_v true_a it_o fall_v far_o shoâ—â—_n in_o bigness_n of_o what_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n be_v 〈◊〉_d former_a age_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v very_o strong_a tower_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n and_o the_o suburb_n exceed_v 〈◊〉_d bigness_n the_o city_n itself_o be_v near_o three_o miles_n 〈◊〉_d circumference_n and_o inhabit_v by_o tartar_n muscovite_n and_o some_o dutch_a the_o most_o of_o they_o merchant_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v here_o a_o protestant_a church_n whereas_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v up_o with_o military_a officer_n victualler_n sutler_n &_o â—â—_o be_v all_o under_o the_o government_n of_o a_o weywode_n thâ—_n next_o city_n in_o this_o province_n be_v basiligorod_n build_v like_o wise_a by_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n who_o give_v it_o 〈◊〉_d name_n and_o make_v it_o a_o frontierplace_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v ceremiss_n of_o whoâ—_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v immediate_o it_o 〈◊〉_d situate_v at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o volga_n to_o reckon_v from_o its_o source_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o other_o place_n mention_v in_o this_o treatise_n at_o the_o fall_n in_o of_o the_o small_a river_n sura_n heretofore_o the_o common_a boundary_a betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n since_o the_o muscovite_n have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n on_o that_o side_n even_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n this_o place_n have_v be_v neglect_v its_o wall_n be_v quite_o ruin_v and_o its_o edifice_n altogether_o of_o wood_n it_o resemble_v now_o more_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n ceremiss_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n who_o we_o mention_v just_a now_o have_v their_o habitation_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n betwixt_o this_o place_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v a_o nation_n barbarous_a treacherous_a and_o cruel_a live_v upon_o robbery_n and_o addict_v to_o sorcery_n their_o food_n be_v honey_n and_o wild_a fowl_n they_o take_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o milk_n which_o their_o pasture_n furnish_v they_o with_o they_o 〈◊〉_d not_o inhabit_v house_n but_o most_o wretched_a hut_n those_o that_o live_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n wolâ—a_n be_v call_v nagorni_n or_o mountaineer_n as_o those_o inhabit_v on_o the_o left_a side_n be_v call_v lugoivi_n from_o â—heir_a meadow_n which_o supply_v they_o on_o both_o â—ides_n of_o the_o river_n with_o hay_n they_o be_v general_o speak_v heathen_n use_v neither_o circumcision_n â—or_a baptism_n they_o give_v a_o child_n its_o name_n from_o â—he_n first_o person_n they_o meet_v that_o day_n when_o this_o â—eremony_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v six_o month_n â—fter_o its_o birth_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o immortal_a â—od_n the_o author_n of_o all_o good_a who_o ought_v to_o be_v adore_v but_o ridicule_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n â—ho_n '_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v a_o hell_n they_o dread_v the_o â—evil_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o their_o misfortune_n â—hom_n therefore_o they_o pretend_v to_o appease_v with_o saâ—ifices_n their_o chief_a devotion_n and_o pilgrimage_n â—hich_v they_o do_v to_o the_o devil_n be_v perform_v at_o a_o place_n â—â—lled_v nemda_n among_o the_o fen_n where_o every_o body_n 〈◊〉_d oblige_v to_o carry_v a_o present_a when_o they_o offer_v â—â—eir_n sacrifice_n to_o god_n they_o kill_v a_o hoâ—se_n a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n some_o of_o the_o flesh_n thereof_o be_v roast_v and_o put_v into_o a_o dish_n and_o hold_v in_o the_o other_o hand_n another_o vessel_n fill_v with_o hydromel_n or_o some_o other_o liquor_n both_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o fire_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n before_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o be_v sacrifice_v be_v extend_v upon_o a_o pole_n lay_v a_o crosâ—_n two_o tree_n this_o skin_n they_o adore_v in_o order_n to_o intercede_v for_o they_o with_o god_n unto_o who_o they_o also_o make_v sometime_o their_o address_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o their_o devotion_n tend_v to_o some_o conveniency_n 〈◊〉_d another_o of_o this_o life_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o their_o cattle_n they_o pay_v a_o great_a veneration_n even_o to_o adoration_n to_o the_o suâ—_n and_o moon_n who_o they_o believe_v the_o author_n of_o the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v use_v of_o no_o church_n priest_n or_o book_n their_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o religious_a exercise_n be_v perform_v near_o somâ—_n torrent_n or_o another_o polygamy_n be_v use_v amongâ—_n they_o even_o so_o as_o to_o marry_v two_o or_o
passage_n to_o the_o boat_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d island_n the_o river_n volga_n contain_v a_o prodigious_a store_n of_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n a_o very_a good_a commodity_n in_o musâ—ovy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o fast-day_n which_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n catch_v with_o a_o cord_n but_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n the_o tartar_n fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a cord_n a_o pretty_a big_a stone_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n several_a great_a piece_n of_o wood_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o other_o end_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n all_o along_o this_o great_a cord_n many_o little_n once_o be_v fasten_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o each_o of_o these_o have_v at_o the_o end_n a_o goodâ—ook_n bait_v with_o a_o certain_a fish_n which_o they_o know_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v greedy_a of_o by_o which_o invention_n they_o catch_v often_o fish_n of_o ten_o twelve_o and_o more_o foot_n long_o the_o muscovite_n take_v also_o a_o cord_n with_o a_o â—ook_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o this_o cord_n be_v tyâ—d_v about_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o well_o plain_v board_n tin_a over_o its_o â—igness_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v drag_v behind_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n resemble_v the_o scale_n of_o fish_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o draw_v up_o fish_n of_o a_o very_a great_a seize_v to_o the_o bait_n and_o into_o the_o snare_n among_o other_o fish_n wherewith_o this_o river_n abound_v the_o sturgeon_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a who_o egg_n afford_v that_o ragout_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v cavayar_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o muscovite_n 〈◊〉_d the_o egg_n be_v put_v into_o a_o paste_n be_v prepare_v 10_o or_o 12_o day_n with_o salt_n this_o commodity_n afford_v a_o considerable_a trade_n to_o muscovy_n be_v export_v from_o thence_o to_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a of_o this_o kind_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o czar_n keep_v this_o trade_n to_o himself_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o abovementioned_a ruin_v place_n the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n be_v very_o mountainous_a yet_o not_o â—o_o but_o that_o the_o valley_n afford_v very_o pleasant_a pasture_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v a_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v prepare_v in_o certain_a hut_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v send_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o river_n to_o mâ—sâ—o_v almost_o opposite_a to_o this_o be_v another_o mountain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o river_n vssa_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o fine_a meadow_n border_v upon_o the_o shoar_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o thence_o be_v very_o thick_a wood_n a_o place_n of_o retreat_n for_o the_o cosack_n which_o make_v it_o very_o dangerous_a for_o traveler_n below_o this_o lie_v the_o mountain_n diwiagora_n or_o maids-mountain_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a steepy_a '_o hill_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o bear_v pine-tree_n in_o so_o regular_a a_o order_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v plant_v there_o on_o purpose_n make_v it_o appear_v very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o rises_z another_z which_o reach_v near_o 40_o mile_n along_o the_o river_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o valley_n thâ—_n cyâ—â—â—_n valley_n be_v the_o valley_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v store_v with_o appletree_n afford_v very_o good_a cider_n be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jabla-new-quas_a which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o drink_v of_o apple_n some_o of_o these_o mountain_n reach_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o country_n other_o border_v only_o upon_o the_o riverside_n at_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o samara_n belong_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a tartarian_a province_n of_o bulgar_a and_o above_o 300_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n it_o be_v form_n be_v square_a its_o building_n all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v three_o in_o number_n the_o river_n of_o samar_n from_o whence_o it_o derive_v its_o name_n fall_v about_o three_o mile_n below_o into_o the_o volga_n about_o 100_o mile_n from_o hence_o be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v all_o bare_a without_o any_o wood_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o retreat_v place_n to_o the_o cosack_n live_v upon_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o have_v from_o thence_o get_v its_o denomination_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o city_n of_o saratof_n above_o 200_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o be_v abundance_n of_o small_a island_n in_o this_o river_n so_o that_o at_o certain_a season_n it_o have_v be_v fordable_a and_o consequent_o very_o incommodious_a for_o ship_n of_o burden_n who_o at_o such_o place_n be_v oblige_v to_o unload_v part_n of_o their_o cargo_n in_o small_a boat_n which_o they_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o city_n of_o saratof_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a plain_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o riverside_n upon_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o as_o a_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v kalmuches_n kalâ—uches_n tartar_n kalâ—uches_n inhabit_v a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o extend_v towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n betwixt_o this_o river_n and_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi about_o three_o hundred_o mile_n low_a 50_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n the_o city_n of_o zariza_n tanais_n the_o river_n tanais_n the_o river_n don_n the_o tanais_n of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n advance_v within_o a_o day_n journey_n near_o the_o river_n volga_n as_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o say_a city_n behind_o a_o certain_a island_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinsko_n there_o fall_v a_o little_a river_n call_v kamous_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n don_n into_o the_o river_n volga_n but_o it_o be_v very_o shallow_a afford_v scarce_o passage_n for_o small_a boat_n notwithstanding_o which_o there_o be_v some_o who_o affirm_v that_o it_o may_v be_v render_v more_o navigable_a and_o consequent_o a_o communication_n be_v establish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o considerable_a river_n near_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o abovementioned_a place_n wolga_n the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n near_o achtobska_n vtska_n the_o river_n volga_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o take_v its_o course_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o country_n carry_v its_o stream_n for_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o afterward_o reassume_v its_o former_a course_n returns_z to_o the_o southeast_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o hence_o at_o 5_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o riverside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o great_a city_n former_o call_v zaaresgorod_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 〈◊〉_d royal_a build_v as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o tamerlain_n its_o palace_n and_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n which_o have_v furnish_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n for_o these_o many_o year_n with_o material_n for_o their_o wall_n church_n and_o monastery_n a_o few_o mile_n from_o this_o place_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o zariza_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n 49_o degree_n and_o 42_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o several_a bastion_n and_o tower_n but_o all_o of_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n and_o cossack_n and_o inhabit_v only_o by_o soldier_n who_o also_o serve_v for_o a_o convoy_n to_o the_o 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in_o his_o war_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o petty_a prince_n and_o judge_n of_o their_o own_o and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n by_o their_o own_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n to_o secure_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o always_o keep_v some_o of_o their_o prince_n or_o myrse_n as_o hostage_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o astrachan_n they_o be_v general_o mahometan_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o of_o the_o same_o sect_n with_o the_o turk_n except_o some_o few_o that_o have_v receive_v the_o muscovian_a religion_n they_o be_v use_v to_o â—ow_o some_o of_o their_o child_n like_o the_o nazarite_n to_o god_n or_o some_o saint_n or_o other_o these_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o by_o a_o ring_n which_o the_o girl_n wear_v in_o their_o nostril_n the_o boy_n in_o the_o right_a ear._n they_o live_v upon_o what_o their_o cattle_n their_o hunt_n and_o fish_v supply_v they_o withal_o they_o make_v use_v of_o fish_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n instead_o of_o bread_n though_o they_o make_v also_o cake_n of_o meal_n and_o 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improve_v and_o increase_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o not_o only_o the_o walk_n and_o arbour_n of_o the_o garden_n but_o also_o about_o the_o house_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v plant_v with_o vine_n which_o grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n there_o afford_v not_o only_o great_a store_n of_o grape_n for_o their_o present_a use_n but_o also_o a_o superplus_n for_o most_o excellent_a wine_n beside_o which_o near_o astrachan_n and_o all_o along_o the_o wolga_n there_o grow_v abundance_n of_o simple_n and_o very_o large_a the_o herb_n esula_fw-la be_v hereabout_o as_o high_a as_o a_o man_n angelica_n esula_fw-la and_o angelica_n and_o the_o root_n of_o angelica_n as_o big_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm._n about_o 30_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fishing-place_n upon_o the_o river_n wolga_n which_o furnish_v that_o city_n with_o salmon_n sturgeon_n white_a fish_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o delicious_a fish_n and_o the_o small_a island_n hereabout_o great_a variety_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o though_o the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v not_o very_o fertile_a in_o corn_n which_o in_o these_o part_n be_v tread_v out_o by_o ox_n and_o horse_n they_o be_v supply_v with_o that_o sufficient_o from_o about_o casan_n by_o the_o river_n all_o which_o make_v this_o city_n one_o of_o the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o convenient_a for_o its_o situation_n in_o europe_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n be_v about_o 60_o mile_n below_o astrachan_n wolga_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o wolga_n from_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n for_o the_o space_n of_o near_o 30_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o island_n very_o small_a but_o all_o cover_v with_o reed_n or_o cane_n which_o have_v occasion_v some_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o wolga_n have_v as_o many_o mouth_n as_o there_o be_v island_n hereabout_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v here_o very_o muddy_a and_o the_o water_n very_o shallow_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o suchator_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n from_o the_o wolga_n 100_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n and_o 200_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o terki_n of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o first_o place_n near_o which_o there_o be_v a_o tolerable_a harbour_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o tzenzeni_n situate_v in_o 43_o degree_n 5_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v length_n be_v from_o north-east_n to_o southeast_n about_o 15_o mile_n here_o be_v the_o first_o harbour_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n from_o this_o island_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o continent_n towards_o the_o south-west_n high_a mountain_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o very_a cloud_n caucasus_n mount_v caucasus_n call_v
by_o the_o circassian_n salatto_n be_v the_o mount_n of_o caucasus_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o the_o province_n of_o colchis_n now_o call_v mengrelia_n famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n for_o the_o expedition_n of_o jason_n as_o the_o height_n of_o this_o mountain_n have_v furnish_v the_o poet_n with_o that_o fiction_n of_o prometheus_n have_v from_o thence_o convey_v the_o fire_n steal_v from_o the_o sun_n down_o upon_o the_o earth_n the_o mountain_n of_o taurus_n and_o ararat_n be_v so_o near_o to_o it_o that_o they_o appear_v like_o one_o continue_a mountain_n which_o cross_v all_o asia_n from_o mengrelia_n to_o the_o indies_n the_o mount_n ararat_n be_v one_o entire_a vast_a rock_n exceed_v in_o height_n mount_n caucasus_n itself_o ararat_n the_o mountain_n taurus_n and_o ararat_n its_o top_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n summer_n and_o winter_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o same_o upon_o which_o noah_n ark_n rest_v after_o the_o deluge_n the_o armenian_n who_o call_v it_o messina_n 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a-days_o know_v by_o various_a name_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o province_n border_v upon_o it_o some_o geographer_n have_v call_v it_o the_o sea_n of_o travisthan_n the_o greek_a and_o latin_a author_n the_o hyrcanian_a sea_n as_o also_o mare_n caspium_n and_o caspianum_fw-la the_o muscovite_n name_n it_o gualenskoi-more_a it_o be_v length_n from_o south_n to_o north_n viz._n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n below_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n to_o ferebath_n in_o the_o province_n of_o mesenderan_n reach_v eight_o degree_n to_o the_o aquator_fw-la make_v 120_o german_n or_o 600_o english_a mile_n its_o breadth_n from_o the_o province_n of_o chuarasm_n or_o karragon_n to_o shirwan_n viz._n from_o west_n to_o east_n be_v six_o degree_n make_v 90_o german_n or_o 450_o english_a mile_n and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n both_o of_o the_o ancient_a and_o most_o modern_a geographer_n its_o length_n be_v reckon_v quite_o 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convey_v thence_o by_o some_o great_a and_o considerable_a passage_n or_o open_a communication_n with_o other_o sea_n the_o persian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o under_o the_o mountain_n near_o ferebath_n betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o tauristan_n and_o mesendan_n there_o be_v a_o gulf_n where_o these_o water_n be_v swallow_v up_o and_o convey_v away_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n take_v place_n here_o which_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o ocean_n not_o overflow_n the_o earth_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o many_o river_n viz._n that_o beside_o the_o mist_n which_o consume_v a_o great_a part_n the_o rest_n be_v convey_v by_o infinite_a secret_a channel_n through_o the_o earth_n back_o again_o to_o the_o source_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o river_n so_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o water_n be_v purify_v of_o their_o filth_n and_o separate_v by_o this_o continual_a percolation_n from_o their_o salt_n be_v by_o a_o interrupt_a circulation_n reconvey_v to_o the_o same_o fountain_n and_o river_n the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v either_o quite_o undiscovered_a ancient_n the_o caspian_a sea_n not_o very_o well_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n or_o but_o superficial_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n before_o the_o latter_a carry_v their_o arm_n beyond_o the_o euphrates_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o relation_n those_o author_n have_v leave_v we_o about_o it_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n not_o consonant_a to_o truth_n and_o some_o modern_a writer_n misguide_v by_o their_o authority_n and_o have_v take_v the_o rest_n perhaps_o upon_o hear-say_n have_v infert_v a_o great_a many_o thing_n which_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n what_o curtius_n relate_v concern_v the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v fresh_a than_o the_o ocean_n prove_v a_o mistake_n it_o be_v full_a as_o salt_n as_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n though_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o hyrcania_n now_o call_v kilan_n the_o water_n be_v only_o brackish_a because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o great_a many_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o this_o sea_n on_o that_o side_n which_o may_v probable_o have_v lead_v the_o abovementioned_a author_n into_o that_o error_n though_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o ocean_n especial_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n of_o divers_a river_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o thereabouts_o what_o the_o same_o author_n relate_v of_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o serpent_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v positive_o contradict_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kilan_n and_o other_o border_v upon_o that_o sea_n pomponius_n mela_n in_o his_o geography_n speak_v of_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o monster_n which_o he_o call_v belluae_fw-la abide_v in_o this_o sea_n which_o he_o allege_v for_o one_o main_a reason_n why_o it_o be_v scarce_o navigable_a whereas_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v that_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o persian_n tartar_n and_o muscovite_n seldom_o venture_v far_o into_o this_o sea_n and_o that_o only_a in_o summer_n be_v that_o their_o bark_n and_o boat_n be_v so_o small_a and_o wretched_o build_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v far_o from_o the_o shoar_n beside_o that_o this_o sea_n have_v very_o few_o havens_n to_o wit_n that_o betwixt_o the_o isle_n of_o tzenzeni_n and_o the_o continent_n near_o terki_n beforementioned_a the_o havens_n of_o baku_n lenkeran_n and_o ferebath_n none_o of_o the_o safe_a the_o haven_n near_o the_o city_n of_o minkischack_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o grand_a tartary_n be_v the_o best_a in_o this_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n border_v upon_o it_o be_v general_o very_o bad_a seaman_n and_o not_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o compass_n it_o be_v their_o own_o ignorance_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o this_o sea_n that_o keep_v they_o near_o the_o shoar_n not_o the_o terror_n of_o these_o
monster_n those_o other_o europaean_n that_o have_v of_o late_a year_n sail_v deep_a into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n have_v neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o except_o they_o will_v take_v the_o seadog_n which_o be_v in_o great_a number_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o such_o prodigious_a monster_n sea_n error_n of_o modern_a author_n concern_v the_o caspian_a sea_n by_o the_o experience_n of_o those_o also_o it_o be_v sufficient_o contradlct_v what_o petrejus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o muscovy_n relate_v with_o so_o much_o confidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v as_o black_a as_o ink_n that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o island_n well_o stock_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o city_n and_o village_n the_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o that_o of_o all_o other_o sea_n and_o there_o be_v not_o one_o island_n in_o it_o that_o have_v either_o city_n or_o village_n and_o if_o the_o persian_n tartar_n and_o muscovite_n live_v thereabouts_o may_v be_v believe_v there_o be_v only_o the_o isle_n of_o ensil_n near_o ferebath_n which_o have_v very_o good_a pasture_n the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n who_o keep_v their_o cattle_n there_o have_v a_o few_o hut_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n during_o the_o time_n their_o cattle_n grase_n there_o of_o the_o same_o stamp_n be_v what_o contarinus_n in_o his_o travel_n and_o father_n bizarous_a in_o his_o history_n of_o persia_n relate_v concern_v a_o certain_a round_a fish_n without_o a_o head_n to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o sea_n of_o a_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n of_o which_o they_o say_v there_o be_v draw_v a_o certain_a oil_n which_o the_o persian_n use_v in_o their_o lamp_n and_o to_o greese_v their_o camel_n whereas_o there_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o barmach_n near_o the_o city_n of_o baku_n whole_a rivulet_n of_o a_o oily_a substance_n by_o they_o call_v nefte_v nefte_a nefte_a which_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o kind_a for_o that_o use_v at_o a_o much_o cheap_a rate_n it_o be_v from_o thence_o transport_v into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v fall_v into_o this_o error_n by_o the_o superficial_a description_n of_o a_o certain_a fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n call_v naka_n glutton_n the_o glutton_n or_o glutton_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o that_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o a_o very_a short_a nose_n but_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v as_o it_o be_v within_o the_o belly_n and_o its_o tail_n be_v round_o and_o its_o length_n and_o breadth_n near_o the_o same_o and_o sometime_o of_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n it_o come_v pretty_a near_o a_o circular_a figure_n this_o fish_n will_v fasten_v itself_o with_o the_o tail_n under_o the_o fisher-men_n boat_n so_o as_o to_o overturn_v they_o as_o will_v also_o the_o white_a fish_n which_o make_v the_o fisherman_n be_v very_o cautious_a of_o theâ—â—_n they_o catch_v the_o first_o with_o the_o liver_n of_o beef_n 〈◊〉_d mutton_n which_o the_o fish_n much_o delight_n in_o thâ—â—_n they_o put_v as_o a_o bait_n upon_o iron_n hook_n tie_v to_o good_a strong_a cord_n and_o so_o draw_v he_o to_o the_o shoar_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v upon_o what_o authority_n they_o have_v found_v their_o relation_n when_o they_o say_v that_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d other_o fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v very_o well_o store_v not_o only_o with_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n sturgeon_n and_o herring_n but_o also_o with_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n as_o be_v catch_v in_o river_n and_o keep_v in_o pond_n as_o barbel_n bream_n and_o trout_n before_o we_o leave_v the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o will_v perhaps_o not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o certain_a species_n of_o wild_a goose_n or_o rather_o cormorant_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a number_n on_o that_o shoar_n especial_o towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n they_o be_v like_o other_o goose_n as_o to_o their_o colour_n leg_n neck_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o body_n exceed_v the_o swan_n their_o bill_n be_v fork_a at_o the_o end_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a and_o near_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v above_o seven_o foot_n in_o length_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o they_o be_v that_o under_o their_o bill_n they_o have_v a_o shriveled_a skin_n hang_v resemble_v a_o bag_n which_o when_o dilate_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o three_o gallon_n of_o liquor_n this_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o a_o rescrontory_n for_o such_o fish_n they_o take_v which_o they_o afterward_o swallow_v down_o at_o leisure_n on_o the_o same_o shoar_n be_v also_o frequent_o see_v that_o kind_n of_o fowl_n onocratalus_n onocratalus_n which_o pliny_n call_v onocratalus_n their_o beak_n be_v long_o and_o round_o but_o at_o the_o extremity_n flat_a in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o spoon_n beat_v out_o when_o it_o put_v its_o beak_n into_o the_o water_n it_o make_v a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n almost_o like_o a_o ass_n whence_o without_o doubt_n it_o have_v its_o name_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v which_o may_v serve_v as_o additional_a argument_n to_o maintain_v our_o beforementioned_a assertion_n that_o it_o have_v no_o communication_n or_o correspondence_n with_o any_o other_o sea_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n of_o siberia_n and_o some_o other_o tartarian_a province_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n inhabit_v that_o country_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n under_o the_o name_n of_o albania_n which_o reach_v all_o along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n to_o the_o city_n of_o derbent_n circassia_n circassia_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o persia_n the_o dagesthan_a tartar_n be_v subject_a neither_o to_o the_o persian_n nor_o muscovite_n the_o mountain_n which_o they_o inhabit_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o fence_n against_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n but_o the_o circassian_n tartar_n divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n bustro_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v gerrus_fw-la border_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o astrachan_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o they_o first_o take_v our_o course_n from_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n first_o to_o the_o river_n bustro_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o frontier_n of_o persia_n the_o country_n of_o circassia_n be_v situate_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n encompass_v it_o about_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n and_o make_v a_o very_a spacious_a bay_n the_o circassian_n be_v possess_v of_o that_o part_n of_o albania_n which_o have_v for_o its_o frontier_n on_o the_o east_n and_o westside_n the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n the_o river_n bustro_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n very_o few_o historian_n whether_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o some_o have_v assign_v their_o habitation_n beyond_o the_o mount_n caucasus_n near_o the_o euxin_n sea_n whereas_o they_o be_v more_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v the_o caspian_a sarmatian_n their_o capital_a city_n be_v terki_n terki_n the_o city_n of_o terki_n above_o 300_o mile_n from_o astrachan_n by_o land_n situate_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n upon_o a_o small_a river_n call_v timenski_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o great_a river_n bustro_n which_o be_v former_o call_v terck_n have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a spacious_a plain_n very_o fenny_a towards_o the_o seaside_n under_o 43_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n elev_n it_o be_v in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n well_o fortify_v with_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n of_o earth_n after_o the_o modern_a way_n store_v with_o cannon_n and_o have_v always_o a_o considerable_a garrison_n in_o it_o of_o muscovite_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o weywode_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reside_v here_o have_v 500_o of_o they_o allow_v he_o for_o his_o guard_n since_o the_o reduction_n of_o those_o part_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n they_o have_v put_v in_o all_o place_n of_o strength_n not_o only_o their_o garrison_n but_o also_o governor_n magistrate_n and_o priest_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o
river_n yamour_fw-fr to_o the_o calmuck_n tartar_n from_o who_o they_o be_v however_o separate_v by_o great_a desert_n and_o border_n to_o the_o southeast_n and_o east_n upon_o turquestan_n and_o china_n they_o be_v subdivide_v into_o three_o great_a province_n each_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o its_o particular_a chan_n or_o taiso_n who_o be_v all_o three_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o cultivate_v a_o very_a good_a understanding_n betwixt_o one_o another_o have_v several_a under_o chans_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o these_o chans_n be_v call_v tchetchinga_n his_o territory_n lie_v betwixt_o china_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la they_o inhabit_v neither_o town_n nor_o village_n their_o house_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n lie_v scatter_v here_o and_o there_o without_o any_o regularity_n they_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o their_o neighbour_n inhabit_v about_o the_o lake_n dalai_n and_o all_o along_o the_o river_n szelinga_fw-mi one_o of_o their_o under_o chans_n call_v becroesain_o territory_n border_v upon_o that_o river_n it_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o this_o chan_n tchetchinga_n that_o the_o coutousta_n lama_n or_o the_o vicar_n of_o the_o dalaè_fw-fr lama_n have_v his_o residence_n be_v respect_v here_o as_o the_o patriarch_n of_o all_o the_o mongul_n and_o adore_v almost_o like_o a_o deity_n he_o follow_v they_o wherever_o they_o ramble_v and_o it_o be_v to_o he_o they_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o their_o difference_n these_o tartar_n be_v natural_o of_o a_o very_a mild_a and_o pliable_a temper_n the_o second_o of_o the_o principal_a chans_n be_v call_v octiervikan_n and_o the_o three_o de_fw-fr jan_n gari_n but_o their_o territory_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o commerce_n and_o consequent_o be_v unfrequented_a by_o stranger_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o well_o know_v as_o the_o first_o they_o be_v very_o jealous_a of_o the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la since_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o china_n but_o these_o stand_n in_o little_a fear_n of_o they_o as_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o their_o fire-arm_n against_o they_o with_o the_o use_n of_o which_o the_o mongul_n be_v altogether_o unacquainted_a and_o the_o desert_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o calmuck_n or_o calmuches_n serve_v for_o a_o barrier_n to_o both_o nation_n they_o keep_v a_o very_a good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o siberia_n where_o they_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o muscovite_n especial_o in_o cattle_n wherein_o their_o chief_a wealth_n consist_v their_o country_n be_v all_o over_o water_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a river_n which_o all_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o river_n szelinga_fw-mi and_o render_v their_o meadow_n extreme_o fertile_a and_o â—it_a for_o pasturage_v the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la bogdoi_fw-la tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la by_o the_o chinese_n call_v the_o eastern_a tartar_n inhabit_v a_o vast_a country_n divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o several_a chans_n or_o tayso_n but_o the_o province_n call_v diutchari_n by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o inhabitant_n conquer_v china_n make_v they_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tartar_n this_o province_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o eastern_a sea_n and_o the_o two_o great_a river_n chingala_n and_o yamour_n they_o be_v former_o so_o inconsiderable_a as_o to_o be_v tributary_n to_o the_o chinese_n till_o they_o make_v themselves_o both_o know_v and_o fear_v by_o subdue_a six_z of_o the_o chinese_n province_n and_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v soon_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n have_v not_o the_o chineses_n call_v in_o to_o their_o aid_n the_o yousbecks_n who_o have_v expel_v the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la do_v not_o only_o settle_v themselves_o there_o but_o also_o put_v upon_o the_o throne_n the_o family_n of_o ivena_n which_o have_v sway_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o spacious_a empire_n till_o the_o year_n 1368_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o chinese_n and_o the_o imperial_a diadem_n bestow_v upon_o the_o family_n of_o tayminga_n after_o this_o family_n have_v reign_v very_o peaceable_o for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o 300_o year_n the_o same_o diutchari_n or_o bogdoi_fw-la tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1644_o reentered_n china_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n and_o at_o last_o reduce_v the_o whole_a empire_n under_o their_o obedience_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a race_n be_v chunchi_n their_o prince_n the_o chief_z of_o the_o family_n of_o taitsingva_n who_o reign_v at_o present_a in_o china_n the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la as_o also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n dauri_n be_v not_o near_o so_o rich_a in_o cattle_n as_o the_o mongul_n their_o horse_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o never_o shooe_v by_o their_o owner_n but_o they_o drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n in_o sables_n and_o black_a fox_n skin_n as_o also_o in_o ruby_n and_o pearl_n which_o the_o river_n argus_n yamour_n and_o chingala_n afford_v they_o their_o house_n be_v build_v of_o nothing_o but_o earth_n and_o they_o resemble_v both_o in_o their_o stature_n and_o face_n most_o of_o the_o european_a tartar_n but_o especial_o those_o of_o crim_n except_o that_o they_o be_v much_o more_o civilise_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o continual_a commerce_n with_o the_o chinese_n their_o speech_n and_o the_o character_n they_o make_v use_v of_o have_v a_o very_a near_o resemblance_n to_o the_o vulgar_a dialect_n of_o the_o persian_n but_o they_o have_v above_o sixty_o letter_n in_o their_o alphabet_n and_o write_v and_o read_v from_o the_o top_n downward_o like_o the_o chinese_n they_o scarce_o profess_v any_o certain_a religion_n but_o wear_v most_o of_o they_o cross_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o great_a veneration_n and_o be_v great_a enemy_n of_o the_o mahometan_n 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respect_n of_o person_n nay_o even_o betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n the_o government_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o these_o insolence_n use_v to_o send_v the_o strelitzes_n and_o sergeant_n about_o to_o surprise_v some_o of_o these_o offender_n but_o the_o evil_n be_v find_v so_o deep_o and_o universal_o root_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o will_v have_v want_v hand_n to_o execute_v the_o punishment_n which_o be_v whip_v so_o that_o for_o the_o security_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n it_o be_v order_v that_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o affront_v the_o offender_n to_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a which_o they_o call_v biscestia_n and_o at_o the_o most_o amount_v to_o 500_o l._n sterl_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a quality_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o the_o better_a to_o keep_v in_o awe_n those_o that_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o lose_v such_o as_o be_v incapable_a to_o pay_v the_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v 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of_o religion_n they_o pay_v their_o veneration_n to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n the_o evangelist_n the_o apostle_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o saint_n not_o only_o as_o intercessor_n but_o co-operators_a of_o their_o salvation_n for_o they_o pay_v to_o their_o saint_n and_o image_n all_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o none_o but_o god_n almighty_a there_o be_v never_o a_o family_n so_o small_a in_o mâ—scovy_n but_o what_o have_v its_o tutelar_a saint_n image_n hang_v up_o against_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chamber_n unto_o who_o the_o ignorant_a people_n pay_v their_o daily_a devotion_n and_o all_o the_o religious_a instruction_n they_o give_v to_o their_o child_n tend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o stand_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o respect_n and_o to_o say_v their_o prayer_n before_o those_o image_n for_o the_o rest_n they_o place_v the_o utmost_a excellency_n of_o their_o good_a work_n which_o they_o believe_v meritorious_a in_o build_v of_o monastery_n and_o church_n 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institution_n from_o their_o original_a impurity_n they_o baptize_v their_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o unless_o they_o be_v too_o weak_a when_o they_o baptise_v they_o at_o home_n but_o never_o in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o the_o mother_n lie_v they_o be_v carry_v to_o church_n by_o the_o godfather_n and_o godmother_n where_o be_v meet_v at_o the_o door_n by_o the_o priest_n he_o sign_v the_o child_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n in_o the_o forehead_n and_o give_v he_o the_o benediction_n say_v the_o lord_n preserve_v thy_o come_n in_o and_o thy_o go_v out_o then_o they_o walk_v up_o together_o to_o the_o font_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n across_o which_o the_o priest_n fasten_v nine_o light_a wax-candle_n deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o godfather_n who_o he_o incense_v and_o consecrate_v the_o water_n with_o a_o great_a many_o ceremony_n then_o the_o procession_n begin_v about_o the_o font_n the_o clerk_n go_v before_o with_o the_o image_n of_o st._n john_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o godfather_n with_o wax-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n thus_o they_o go_v about_o it_o three_o time_n whilst_o the_o priest_n read_v out_o of_o a_o book_n the_o procession_n be_v over_o the_o godfather_n give_v the_o name_n of_o the_o child_n to_o the_o priest_n in_o write_v upon_o his_o demand_n who_o put_v it_o upon_o a_o image_n which_o he_o hold_v upon_o the_o child_n breast_n and_o after_o some_o short_a prayer_n ask_v the_o godfather_n whether_o the_o child_n believe_v in_o god_n the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n have_v answer_v yes_o they_o all_o turn_v their_o back_n to_o the_o font_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o aversion_n to_o the_o three_o next_o follow_v question_n to_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o priest_n to_z '_o wit_n whether_o the_o child_n forsake_v the_o devil_n whether_o he_o forsake_v his_o angel_n whether_o he_o forsake_v his_o work_n the_o godfather_n answer_v yes_o distnct_o to_o every_o question_n and_o spit_v three_o time_n upon_o the_o ground_n then_o they_o face_n about_o again_o to_o the_o font_n and_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o priest_n whether_o they_o promise_v to_o bring_v up_o the_o child_n in_o the_o true_a greek_a religion_n they_o advance_v with_o the_o child_n near_o towards_o the_o door_n for_o fear_v the_o devil_n by_o who_o they_o believe_v child_n to_o be_v possess_v before_o baptism_n shall_v take_v up_o his_o residence_n in_o the_o church_n where_o he_o begin_v the_o exorcism_n put_v his_o hand_n upon_o and_o blow_v three_o time_n across_o the_o child_n with_o these_o word_n get_v out_o of_o this_o child_n thou_o unclean_a spirit_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o holy_a ghost_n then_o return_v to_o the_o font_n he_o cut_v off_o a_o little_a of_o the_o child_n hair_n which_o he_o put_v into_o a_o book_n and_o have_v ask_v the_o godfather_n whether_o the_o child_n be_v bring_v thither_o to_o be_v baptise_a he_o take_v he_o stark_o naked_a into_o his_o arm_n and_o dip_v he_o three_o time_n into_o the_o water_n pronounce_v the_o word_n of_o the_o sacrament_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n viz._n i_o baptise_v thou_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n and_o of_o the_o son_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n immediate_o after_o the_o baptism_n he_o sign_v it_o with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n on_o the_o forehead_n upon_o the_o hand_n breast_n and_o back_n with_o a_o certain_a oil_n consecrate_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o have_v put_v a_o corn_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o child_n mouth_n and_o a_o clean_a shirt_n about_o he_o thou_o be_v say_v he_o as_o clean_a and_o as_o clear_v from_o thy_o original_a sin_n as_o thy_o shirt_n then_o the_o priest_n hang_v â—bout_o his_o neck_n a_o little_a cross_n of_o gold_n silver_n or_o â—ead_a according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o parent_n with_o 〈◊〉_d very_o strict_a injunction_n to_o wear_v it_o all_o his_o life-time_n â—hich_v be_v observe_v with_o so_o much_o strictness_n by_o the_o muscovite_n that_o they_o deny_v christian_a burial_n to_o such_o 〈◊〉_d have_v it_o not_o about_o they_o at_o their_o last_o exit_fw-la out_o of_o his_o world_n the_o whole_a be_v conclude_v by_o the_o priest_n sign_v the_o child_n a_o certain_a saint_n who_o image_n he_o â—â—livers_v to_o the_o godfather_n and_o charge_v he_o to_o take_v â—â—ectual_a care_n that_o the_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v 〈◊〉_d year_n of_o discretion_n may_v pay_v all_o due_a reverence_n 〈◊〉_d his_o patron_n last_o he_o take_v his_o leave_n from_o the_o â—hild_n and_o godfather_n with_o a_o kiss_n exhort_v they_o 〈◊〉_d mutual_a love_n but_o to_o take_v heed_n of_o intermarryâ—g_n the_o water_n wherein_o the_o child_n be_v to_o be_v baptise_a be_v never_o warm_v over_o the_o fire_n though_o the_o cold_a be_v never_o so_o excessive_a but_o they_o put_v it_o sometime_o in_o some_o warm_a place_n or_o other_o to_o take_v off_o a_o little_a of_o the_o cold_a if_o two_o or_o more_o child_n be_v to_o be_v baptise_a at_o the_o same_o font_n the_o water_n be_v empty_v so_o often_o as_o there_o be_v several_a child_n to_o be_v baptise_a it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v contaminate_v with_o the_o original_a sin_n of_o the_o first_o child_n be_v not_o pure_a enough_o to_o cleanse_v the_o second_o or_o three_o from_o their_o impurity_n person_n of_o age_n who_o change_n their_o religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o muscovite_n faith_n nay_o even_o muscovite_n who_o have_v change_v their_o religion_n in_o another_o country_n be_v willing_a to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o communion_n must_v be_v first_o rebaptise_v which_o be_v always_o do_v in_o a_o brook_n or_o river_n where_o they_o be_v plunge_v over_o head_n and_o ear_n be_v it_o never_o so_o cold_a nay_o they_o oftentimes_o break_v through_o the_o ice_n to_o come_v at_o the_o water_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v treat_v those_o who_o the_o russian_n call_v chaldean_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o they_o as_o infidel_n and_o who_o during_o the_o time_n they_o commit_v their_o extravagancy_n have_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o church_n must_v be_v reconcile_v to_o it_o by_o rebaptisation_a on_o twelfth-day_n as_o that_o on_o which_o happen_v the_o vocation_n of_o the_o gentile_n they_o be_v a_o company_n of_o idle_a vagabond_n fellow_n who_o in_o commemoration_n of_o sadrach_n mesack_n and_o abednego_n that_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o fire_n by_o the_o command_n of_o nebuchadnâ—â—ar_n represent_v the_o man_n that_o heat_v the_o oven_n for_o which_o purpose_n pursuant_n to_o a_o ancient_a custom_n they_o get_v leave_v from_o the_o patriarch_n to_o disguise_n themselves_o and_o to_o run_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n with_o firework_n from_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o december_n till_o twelve-tide_n during_o which_o time_n they_o commit_v great_a insolence_n exact_v small_a gift_n from_o
dog_n chance_v to_o come_v into_o the_o church_n they_o first_o sweep_v and_o afterward_o purify_v it_o with_o incense_n and_o holy_a water_n they_o also_o show_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o respect_n for_o their_o churchyard_n their_o bell_n be_v not_o hang_v in_o steeple_n like_o we_o bâ—lls_n their_o bâ—lls_n but_o place_v in_o a_o certain_a engine_n build_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o churchyard_n near_o the_o church_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o small_a though_o muscovy_n have_v else_o the_o great_a bell_n perhaps_o in_o the_o world_n seldom_o exceed_v 200_o weight_n the_o rope_n be_v not_o fasten_v to_o the_o bell_n but_o to_o the_o clapper_n and_o they_o fasten_v two_o of_o these_o rope_n to_o both_o arm_n near_o the_o elbow_n and_o two_o more_o to_o both_o hand_n of_o a_o man_n so_o that_o one_o single_a person_n may_v make_v a_o chime_a in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n take_v extraordinary_a delight_n though_o it_o sound_v but_o very_o indifferent_o to_o those_o that_o be_v use_v to_o better_a they_o toll_n they_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o service_n and_o at_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o chalice_n for_o the_o bread_n be_v put_v in_o immediate_o after_o the_o consecration_n into_o the_o wine_n they_o make_v but_o one_o elevation_n they_o reckon_v the_o chime_a of_o bell_n so_o essential_a a_o part_n of_o divine_a service_n that_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v imperfect_a without_o it_o if_o there_o be_v any_o religion_n in_o the_o world_n that_o oblige_v its_o professor_n to_o a_o most_o severe_a mortification_n feast_n their_o feast_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o muscovian_a for_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o have_v enjoin_v the_o keep_n of_o two_o constant_a fast-day_n in_o the_o week_n to_o wit_n the_o wednesday_n and_o friday_n and_o the_o eve_n before_o holy_a day_n when_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o abstain_v so_o strict_o from_o all_o kind_n of_o flesh_n that_o they_o must_v not_o make_v use_n of_o egg_n and_o milk_n they_o have_v four_o lent_n every_o year_n the_o long_a of_o they_o be_v like_o we_o of_o seven_o week_n the_o second_o begin_v eight_o day_n after_o the_o pentecost_n and_o last_v till_o st._n peter_n day_n the_o three_o hold_v from_o the_o first_o of_o august_n to_o the_o sixteenth_o of_o the_o same_o month_n and_o the_o four_o from_o the_o twelve_o of_o november_n till_o christmas_n day_n during_o all_o these_o lent_n they_o eat_v neither_o butter_n nor_o egg_n nor_o milk_n much_o less_o flesh_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o week_n of_o the_o long_a lent_n which_o be_v their_o carnaval_n they_o have_v liberty_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o excess_n except_o fish_n in_o this_o week_n their_o extratravagance_n be_v almost_o past_a belief_n and_o as_o if_o this_o time_n be_v allot_v they_o as_o a_o preparative_n to_o their_o fast_n they_o commit_v such_o debauch_n in_o double_a distil_a brandy_n and_o melt_a butter_n which_o they_o pour_v down_o their_o throat_n that_o they_o be_v all_o kindle_v in_o a_o flame_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o immediate_o quench_v with_o milk_n they_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n woe_n to_o any_o strange_a that_o meet_v these_o drunkard_n at_o night_n without_o be_v well_o guard_v their_o insolence_n be_v so_o great_a that_o with_o fight_n quarrel_n and_o murder_n common_o forty_o or_o more_o person_n be_v murder_v in_o a_o night_n during_o this_o week_n not_o to_o reckon_v those_o who_o be_v overcharge_v with_o liquor_n and_o want_v attendance_n to_o carry_v they_o home_o fall_v down_o upon_o the_o snow_n and_o so_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n it_o be_v a_o most_o dismal_a spectacle_n to_o behold_v perhaps_o ten_o or_o a_o dozen_o of_o these_o in_o the_o morning_n carry_v upright_o in_o a_o sledge_n freeze_v to_o death_n some_o have_v their_o face_n gnaw_v other_o their_o arm_n eat_v off_o by_o dog_n other_o to_o have_v nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a bone_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v the_o daily_a object_n one_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o street_n of_o musco_n during_o this_o time_n of_o debauchery_n all_o the_o atonement_n they_o make_v for_o these_o enormity_n be_v that_o the_o next_o week_n after_o they_o live_v upon_o honey_n herb_n and_o pulse_n and_o drink_v only_a quus_n or_o small_a mead_n and_o water_n and_o to_o cleanse_v themselves_o from_o the_o impurity_n contract_v in_o these_o excessive_a debauch_n they_o dont_fw-fr forget_v to_o visit_v the_o bath-stove_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o lent_n they_o live_v pretty_a temporate_o and_o some_o of_o the_o most_o devout_a will_v not_o eat_v fish_n all_o that_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v on_o sunday_n but_o as_o they_o be_v very_o exact_a in_o observe_v these_o strict_a rule_n in_o lent_n so_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o eat_v fish_n on_o sunday_n or_o holy_a day_n out_o of_o lent_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o rule_v prescribe_v by_o st._n clement_n in_o the_o tome_n of_o the_o counsel_n print_v at_o venice_n according_a to_o which_o layman_n that_o fast_o on_o saturday_n and_o sunday_n aught_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o apostolical_a institution_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o forbid_v they_o to_o eat_v flesh_n they_o be_v also_o enjoin_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o woman_n on_o their_o fast-day_n and_o during_o their_o lent_n if_o the_o russian_n shall_v send_v abroad_o any_o missionary_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o will_v make_v but_o very_o few_o proselyte_n in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v some_o who_o allege_v that_o these_o frequent_a feast_n have_v be_v establish_v in_o moscovy_n rather_o upon_o a_o political_a than_o spiritual_a account_n to_o wit_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o cattle_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o peasant_n be_v all_o slave_n here_o doubt_n take_v the_o same_o care_n for_o the_o propagate_a and_o preserve_v their_o cattle_n as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o part_n where_o they_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o their_o own_o labour_n and_o that_o the_o long_a winter_n in_o muscovy_n render_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o cattle_n both_o very_o troublesome_a and_o chargeable_a whereas_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n all_o over_o muscovy_n all_o those_o that_o be_v arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n confession_n their_o confession_n be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o confesssion_n before_o they_o receive_v the_o communion_n their_o confession_n they_o make_v stand_v before_o one_o of_o their_o image_n on_o which_o have_v fasten_v their_o eye_n they_o make_v a_o particular_a recital_n of_o all_o their_o sin_n express_v their_o sorrow_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o promise_a amendment_n the_o priest_n very_o rare_o give_v they_o the_o absolution_n without_o some_o penance_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o repeat_v frequent_o the_o gospodi_n pomilui_fw-fr or_o lord_n have_v mercy_n on_o i_o in_o make_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o reverence_n before_o their_o saint_n in_o stand_v at_o the_o church-door_n in_o abstain_v from_o woman_n and_o aqua-vita_a but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n that_o require_v more_o than_o ordinary_a expiation_n the_o priest_n be_v not_o unmindful_a of_o his_o own_o interest_n for_o in_o this_o case_n he_o enjoin_v they_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o holy_a water_n which_o be_v consecrate_a on_o twelfth-day_n to_o cleanse_v sinner_n of_o their_o sin_n and_o be_v dispose_v of_o for_o that_o purpose_n by_o the_o priest_n not_o without_o a_o good_a consideration_n most_o of_o the_o muscovite_n receive_v the_o communion_n upon_o easter_n eve_n communion_n their_o communion_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o a_o fast_a day_n forasmuch_o as_o if_o they_o shall_v communicate_v on_o a_o sunday_n they_o must_v not_o eat_v flesh_n that_o day_n they_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o it_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a mortification_n a_o week_n before_o when_o they_o eat_v nothing_o but_o hard_a bread_n and_o drink_v nothing_o but_o quus_n worse_o than_o our_o small_a bear_n or_o water_n they_o communicate_v in_o both_o kind_n unless_o it_o be_v child_n under_o seven_o year_n old_a at_o which_o age_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v arrive_v they_o be_v admit_v to_o communicate_v both_o because_o at_o that_o age_n as_o they_o say_v they_o begin_v to_o sin_v mortal_o they_o mix_v warm_a water_n with_o wine_n which_o according_a to_o the_o counsel_n of_o constantinople_n represent_v the_o water_n that_o come_v forth_o with_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o side_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o bread_n which_o must_v be_v leaven_v and_o bake_v by_o a_o priest_n widow_n they_o put_v in_o the_o wine_n take_v out_o a_o morsal_a together_o with_o some_o of_o the_o wine_n in_o a_o spoon_n the_o communion_n bread_n for_o sick_a person_n be_v about_o twice_o
mismanagement_n of_o plessou_n that_o he_o will_v forthwith_o examine_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v receive_v due_a satisfaction_n in_o relation_n to_o all_o their_o just_a complaint_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n appear_v to_o be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o great_a duke_n promise_n which_o they_o testify_v by_o their_o joyful_a acclamation_n but_o some_o throng_v still_o about_o the_o great_a duke_n horse_n the_o boyar_n who_o attend_v at_o this_o solemnity_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n friend_n of_o plessou_n give_v abusive_a language_n to_o those_o who_o be_v near_o to_o the_o czar_n thrust_v some_o away_o and_o strike_v other_o with_o their_o whip_n which_o so_o incense_v the_o populace_n that_o the_o stone_n begin_v to_o fly_v about_o the_o courtier_n ear_n as_o thick_a as_o hail_v who_o be_v force_v together_o with_o the_o great_a duke_n musâ—â—_n mutiny_n in_o musâ—â—_n to_o retire_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o castle_n whither_o they_o be_v so_o close_o and_o vigorous_o pursue_v by_o the_o people_n that_o maugre_o all_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o guard_n they_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o reach_v the_o great_a duke_n lodging_n before_o they_o be_v at_o the_o heel_n of_o they_o the_o strelit_v or_o the_o czar_n guard_n of_o musqueteer_n use_v all_o their_o endeavour_n to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o the_o populace_n that_o be_v throng_v into_o the_o castle_n gate_n but_o their_o resistance_n prove_v fruitless_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o the_o people_n it_o rather_o inflame_v than_o abate_v their_o fury_n who_o cry_v out_o with_o one_o voice_n that_o if_o plessow_n be_v not_o immediate_o deliver_v into_o their_o hand_n they_o will_v force_v the_o prince_n lodging_n and_o lay_v it_o level_v with_o the_o ground_n the_o clamour_n and_o threat_n of_o the_o people_n have_v put_v those_o within_o into_o a_o great_a consternation_n and_o not_o know_v what_o course_n best_o to_o take_v morossou_n be_v order_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o great_a balcony_n and_o to_o endeavour_v by_o his_o authority_n to_o appease_v the_o tumult_n desire_v they_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n name_n to_o repair_v to_o their_o respective_a home_n he_o have_v scarce_o leisure_n give_v he_o to_o speak_v a_o few_o word_n when_o some_o of_o the_o most_o forward_o among_o they_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o see_v he_o there_o know_v he_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o stamp_n with_o plessou_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v expect_v no_o better_a treatment_n than_o the_o other_o which_o he_o shall_v soon_o experience_n to_o his_o cost_n they_o have_v no_o soon_o say_v these_o word_n but_o they_o lead_v the_o populace_n to_o his_o palace_n which_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o castle_n they_o force_v ransack_v and_o pull_v down_o in_o a_o instant_n after_o they_o have_v throw_v some_o of_o his_o servant_n out_o of_o the_o window_n because_o they_o have_v make_v some_o opposition_n the_o muscovite_n general_o show_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o veneration_n to_o the_o image_n of_o their_o saint_n who_o they_o will_v save_v from_o among_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o flame_n at_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o life_n but_o such_o waâ—_n their_o animosity_n against_o morosou_n that_o they_o spare_v not_o the_o least_o thing_n they_o find_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o palace_n destroy_v all_o his_o furniture_n of_o a_o great_a value_n and_o not_o spare_v the_o image_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o break_v to_o piece_n his_o coach_n of_o state_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v ever_o see_v in_o muscovy_n beat_v out_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o strong_a water_n barrel_n throw_v his_o lady_n jewel_n and_o pearl_n into_o the_o street_n tread_v on_o they_o with_o their_o foot_n and_o tell_v she_o that_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o great_a duchess_n her_o sister_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o who_o they_o have_v still_o a_o great_a veneration_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v she_o pay_v with_o her_o life_n for_o the_o villainy_n of_o her_o husband_n but_o this_o be_v only_o the_o prologue_n to_o the_o ensue_a tragedy_n for_o from_o thence_o they_o go_v straightway_o to_o the_o house_n of_o plessou_n which_o they_o ransack_v and_o demolish_v in_o a_o moment_n the_o same_o game_n they_o play_v with_o the_o palace_n of_o nazri_n ivanovit_n tziston_n lord_n chancellor_n of_o muscovy_n who_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o fury_n because_o he_o have_v farm_a the_o new_a imposition_n upon_o salt_n it_o be_v his_o misfortune_n to_o be_v just_a then_o sick_a in_o bed_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o accident_n that_o have_v happen_v within_o some_o day_n before_o when_o meet_v in_o the_o street_n with_o a_o mad_a ox_n he_o be_v throw_v by_o his_o horse_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o it_o have_v put_v he_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n but_o hear_v how_o the_o populace_n be_v in_o arm_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o have_v ransack_v the_o palace_n of_o morosou_n and_o plessou_n and_o judge_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o they_o will_v also_o give_v he_o a_o visit_n in_o his_o turn_n he_o hide_v himself_o under_o a_o great_a heap_n of_o birch_n which_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o muscovite_n make_v provision_n of_o against_o the_o winter_n to_o serve_v their_o store_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o suspicion_n he_o have_v cause_v a_o good_a number_n of_o flitche_n of_o bacon_n to_o be_v lay_v across_o of_o they_o he_o have_v scarce_o have_v leisure_n enough_o to_o prepare_v this_o retire_a place_n before_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o approach_a rabble_n give_v he_o sufficient_a warning_n what_o he_o have_v to_o expect_v from_o they_o to_o be_v short_a they_o force_v open_v the_o door_n take_v away_o all_o his_o rich_a movable_n and_o know_v he_o to_o be_v in_o no_o condition_n of_o stir_v abroad_o search_v for_o he_o in_o all_o the_o most_o abstruse_a corner_n of_o the_o house_n even_o to_o the_o cellar_n and_o stable_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o find_v he_o out_o he_o have_v certain_o escape_v their_o hand_n for_o that_o time_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v betray_v by_o one_o of_o his_o servant_n who_o be_v entice_v by_o a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v immediate_o give_v he_o show_v they_o the_o place_n where_o his_o master_n lie_v conceal_v the_o enrage_a multitude_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n drag_n he_o out_o by_o the_o heel_n into_o the_o street_n where_o they_o immediate_o cudgel_v he_o to_o death_n this_o do_v they_o throw_v his_o body_n upon_o the_o dunghill_n pillage_v his_o house_n and_o lay_v it_o level_n with_o the_o ground_n the_o same_o they_o do_v to_o the_o house_n of_o peter_n tichtonovit_n trochanistou_n who_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o to_o have_v be_v constitute_v overseer_n over_o the_o great_a duke_n arsenal_n and_o to_o all_o other_o who_o they_o know_v to_o have_v any_o relation_n or_o dependence_n on_o morosou_n which_o afford_v they_o such_o a_o booty_n that_o they_o measure_v the_o pearl_n in_o their_o cap_n and_o as_o for_o rich_a fur_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o the_o best_a silk_n stuff_v they_o have_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o they_o as_o to_o throw_v they_o about_o in_o the_o street_n for_o any_o body_n to_o take_v they_o up_o at_o their_o pleasure_n whilst_o the_o populace_n spend_v the_o whole_a day_n in_o ransack_v and_o pull_v down_o of_o the_o house_n those_o in_o the_o castle_n have_v leisure_n give_v they_o to_o barricado_n and_o prepare_v themselves_o against_o their_o return_n which_o they_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n they_o continue_v in_o such_o a_o posture_n all_o the_o night_n as_o sufficient_o show_v they_o only_o expect_v daylight_n to_o renew_v the_o old_a game_n the_o great_a duke_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n have_v find_v his_o muscovite_n guard_n insufficient_a the_o day_n before_o to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o people_n have_v send_v for_o the_o german_a officer_n with_o their_o regiment_n that_o be_v quarter_v near_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v at_o their_o several_a rendezvouse_n and_o to_o march_v without_o delay_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o castle_n pursuant_n to_o these_o order_n they_o march_v the_o next_o morning_n with_o drum_n beat_v and_o colour_n fly_v and_o arm_n ready_a through_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n whereat_o the_o muscovite_n be_v not_o a_o little_a terrify_v dare_v not_o attempt_v to_o stop_v their_o passage_n but_o instead_o of_o oppose_v they_o give_v they_o way_n tell_v they_o as_o they_o pass_v by_o that_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v man_n of_o honour_n and_o courage_n who_o have_v no_o dependence_n on_o those_o villain_n who_o by_o their_o mismanagement_n abuse_v the_o people_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o quarrel_n against_o they_o have_v
ready_a to_o be_v cut_v towards_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n but_o the_o first_o year_n produce_v the_o best_a when_o the_o leaf_n be_v cut_v off_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o stalk_n be_v throw_v away_o as_o useless_a and_o the_o leave_v lay_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v they_o be_v put_v a_o put_v a_o soak_v for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n in_o a_o stone_n trough_n the_o water_n with_o the_o leaf_n be_v often_o stir_v till_o such_o time_n that_o the_o water_n have_v sufficient_o extract_v the_o whole_a tincture_n of_o the_o herb._n then_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_o draw_v off_o into_o another_o stone_n trough_n in_o order_n to_o let_v it_o settle_v for_o one_o night_n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o water_n be_v again_o draw_v off_o to_o the_o settlement_n and_o what_o be_v thus_o leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trough_n be_v strain_v through_o a_o course_n cloth_n and_o so_o set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o be_v true_a indigo_n which_o however_o the_o banyan_o frequent_o adulterate_a by_o mix_v with_o it_o a_o certain_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v judge_v by_o its_o lightness_n they_o have_v cunning_a enough_o to_o add_v to_o it_o some_o oil_n to_o make_v it_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o second_o year_n the_o stalk_v which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o year_n before_o shoot_v forth_o other_o leaf_n but_o they_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o though_o they_o much_o exceed_v the_o wild_a indigo_n wherefore_o they_o reserve_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n product_v for_o seed_n that_o of_o the_o three_o year_n be_v as_o much_o infersour_n in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o as_o that_o be_v in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o the_o first_o and_o be_v therefore_o in_o no_o esteem_n among_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v onmade_v use_n of_o in_o the_o country_n in_o die_v of_o their_o clothes_n after_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o ground_n three_o year_n they_o let_v the_o land_n lie_v fallow_a for_o one_o year_n before_o they_o set_v it_o again_o the_o banyan_o in_o general_n be_v the_o most_o crafty_a trader_n in_o the_o world_n which_o make_v the_o muscovite_n as_o do_v also_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a in_o india_n employ_v those_o reside_v at_o astrachan_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n employ_v they_o for_o their_o factor_n and_o hawkers_o as_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o discover_v the_o cheat_v of_o their_o brethren_n in_o india_n both_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n reside_v at_o astrachan_n be_v very_o industrious_a in_o keep_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n in_o their_o respective_a country_n but_o especial_o in_o all_o the_o seaport_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o it_o render_v the_o commerce_n with_o persia_n and_o consequent_o with_o the_o infidel_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o muscovite_n among_o other_o the_o great_a city_n gangea_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o persia_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o trade_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o several_a river_n and_o the_o great_a crowd_n of_o stranger_n that_o resort_v thither_o on_o the_o account_n of_o traffic_n be_v frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o muscovian_a factor_n the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n but_o shamachie_n be_v the_o place_n shamachi_n the_o city_n of_o shamachi_n which_o chief_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n with_o such_o indian_a and_o persian_a commodity_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o city_n be_v indeed_o former_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o have_v be_v about_o twenty_o year_n ago_o ruin_v by_o a_o eathquake_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o misfortune_n it_o be_v still_o very_o considerable_a there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o persian_a empire_n a_o city_n where_o there_o be_v so_o general_a a_o resort_n of_o stranger_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o wit_n of_o armenian_n banyan_o georgian_n greek_n turk_n circasian_o and_o muscovite_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v their_o particular_a caravansera_n or_o public_a storehouse_n where_o they_o truck_v their_o tin_n russia_n leather_n copper_n fur_n and_o other_o merchandise_n for_o the_o precious_a commodity_n of_o india_n and_o persia_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v convey_v into_o to_o russia_n either_o by_o land_n by_o the_o way_n of_o derbent_n through_o the_o dagesthan_n and_o circasian_n tartar_n over_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n to_o the_o river_n wolga_n or_o else_o be_v ship_v in_o the_o road_n of_o nizora_n the_o most_o safe_a and_o most_o convenient_a for_o ship_n in_o all_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v carry_v up_o the_o wolga_n to_o the_o river_n ocâ—a_n and_o so_o by_o the_o inopea_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o project_n which_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n have_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n of_o 〈◊〉_d a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o great_a river_n the_o wolga_n and_o the_o don_n will_v when_o perfect_v be_v of_o incredible_a advantage_n to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o transâ—â—â—ing_v not_o only_o their_o own_o but_o all_o the_o sarick_a indian_a persian_a and_o chinese_n commodity_n into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n especial_o if_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n shall_v be_v so_o successful_a against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n as_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o caffa_n former_o so_o famous_a when_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o geneâ—ses_n and_o the_o port_n of_o erzotra_n situate_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n i_o have_v hitherto_o withal_o the_o enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o what_o place_n it_o be_v that_o this_o communication_n betwixt_o these_o two_o river_n be_v to_o be_v perfect_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v most_o probale_n that_o it_o must_v either_o be_v effect_v by_o cut_v a_o canal_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n wolga_n communication_n betwixt_o the_o river_n don_n and_o wolga_n near_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n where_o the_o don_n advance_v within_o seven_o league_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o else_o by_o render_v the_o small_a river_n of_o kamous_a navigable_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n fall_v below_o the_o say_a city_n of_o zaria_n behind_o the_o islle_v of_o zerpinsk_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o chinese_n trade_n in_o muscovy_n trade_n the_o chinese_n trade_n how_o the_o way_n thither_o be_v first_o discover_v and_o improve_v by_o the_o sable_a hunter_n of_o siberia_n and_o how_o by_o the_o river_n of_o obi_n genessay_n lena_n and_o yomour_n and_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o sled_n draw_v by_o rain-deer_n during_o the_o winter_n season_n they_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n have_v be_v circumstantial_o relate_v in_o the_o first_o part_n in_o that_o chapter_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o siberia_n we_o have_v therefore_o only_o thus_o much_o to_o add_v here_o that_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n maintain_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n so_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o they_o call_v kitachi_n they_o keep_v up_o their_o communication_n with_o china_n these_o kitachi_n go_v common_o under_o the_o name_n of_o chineses_n in_o muscovy_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n call_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o wolga_n and_o china_n which_o 〈◊〉_d proper_o the_o great_a tartary_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kaâ—â—â—_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o muscovite_n as_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n have_v make_v such_o considerable_a discovery_n on_o that_o side_n of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o have_v build_v several_a city_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o colony_n on_o that_o side_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n draw_v abundance_n of_o these_o wander_a people_n to_o these_o 〈◊〉_d where_o after_o once_o they_o become_v fix_v and_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o settle_a life_n they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o russian_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o chinese_n trade_n by_o their_o correspondence_n with_o the_o several_a tartarian_a nation_n inhabit_v that_o spacious_a country_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o
under_o their_o own_o weywode_n but_o the_o city_n be_v inhabit_v both_o by_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n who_o have_v their_o own_o governor_n the_o province_n of_o casan_n lie_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n border_v to_o the_o east_n upon_o astrachan_n to_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o siberian_a tartar_n it_o be_v heretofore_o subject_a to_o the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n till_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovit_n father_n to_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n ivan_n basilovit_n after_o a_o signal_n victory_n obtain_v over_o these_o tartar_n casan_n the_o conquest_n of_o casan_n have_v constitute_v one_o sheale_n their_o governor_n against_o who_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n they_o make_v a_o insurrection_n and_o force_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n flush_v with_o this_o success_n they_o march_v into_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brother_n mendligeri_fw-la and_o sapgeri_fw-la who_o force_v the_o muscovite_n that_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la to_o retreat_n under_o noviogorod_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o their_o way_n to_o stop_v their_o march_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o same_o be_v besiege_v take_v and_o plunder_v and_o the_o castle_n also_o force_v to_o capitulate_v be_v first_o reduce_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n viz._n that_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v tributary_n to_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o this_o their_o subjection_n the_o great_a duke_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o smite_v his_o head_n before_o the_o statue_n of_o mendligeri_fw-la erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o market_n place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o often_o as_o the_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v be_v force_v by_o a_o unavoidable_a necessity_n to_o confirm_v these_o article_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n the_o two_o brother_n part_v sapgeri_n choose_v casan_n for_o the_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n mendligeri_fw-la be_v the_o elder_a the_o city_n of_o crim._n but_o the_o latter_a have_v in_o view_n no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a muscovy_n march_v soon_o after_o against_o the_o city_n of_o rhesan_n and_o have_v summon_v john_n kowar_n the_o weywode_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o surrender_v unto_o who_o he_o represent_v how_o the_o great_a duke_n his_o master_n be_v become_v his_o subject_n the_o governor_n pretend_v to_o be_v quite_o ignorant_a of_o the_o matter_n desire_v that_o some_o more_o satisfactory_a proof_n may_v be_v give_v he_o before_o he_o can_v resolve_v upon_o a_o capitulation_n mendligeri_fw-la imagine_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o convince_a than_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v own_o letter_n patent_n send_v they_o to_o the_o governor_n who_o extreme_o glad_a of_o have_v get_v so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v by_o this_o stratagem_n the_o great_a duke_n original_a letter_n send_v word_n to_o the_o besieger_n that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v both_o the_o letter_n and_o castle_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o blood_n neither_o be_v he_o behind_o hand_n in_o his_o promise_n but_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o certain_a italian_a connoneer_n he_o so_o galled_a the_o tartar_n that_o have_v force_v they_o to_o retreat_n from_o before_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o send_v the_o letter_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n the_o people_n be_v overjoy_v at_o so_o lucky_a and_o unexpected_a a_o accident_n break_v down_o the_o statue_n and_o the_o czar_n take_v courage_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o subject_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o casan_n but_o after_o much_o blood_n shed_v on_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovitz_n his_o son_n john_n basilovitz_n be_v desirous_a to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n his_o father_n have_v receive_v before_o casan_n begin_v his_o reign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o city_n the_o place_n be_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n batter_v furious_o when_o he_o offer_v they_o very_o advantageous_a condition_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n not_o to_o loose_v time_n order_v his_o mine_n to_o be_v spring_v which_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n during_o this_o consternation_n the_o general_n assault_v be_v give_v and_o the_o place_v carry_v by_o storm_n the_o 9th_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1552._o not_o without_o a_o great_a slaughter_n the_o tartar_n defend_v themselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a bravery_n in_o two_o several_a retrenchment_n within_o the_o city_n after_o the_o enemy_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o breach_n and_o at_o last_o see_v all_o past_a recovery_n they_o force_v their_o way_n out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n through_o the_o muscovian_a camp_n and_o get_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n casanska_n the_o czar_n know_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o make_v he_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n order_v immediate_o the_o breach_n to_o be_v repair_v and_o some_o considerable_a addition_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o castle_n ever_o since_o which_o it_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o tartar_n who_o be_v allow_v to_o live_v in_o the_o city_n not_o dare_v under_o severe_a punishment_n to_o set_v a_o foot_n between_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v extreme_o fertile_a especial_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n melon_n grow_v there_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a taste_n come_v in_o bigness_n near_o to_o our_o pompion_n but_o not_o very_o populous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o cosack_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n volga_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nise_n novogorod_n to_o casan_n be_v east_n and_o south_n eastward_o but_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n and_o so_o further_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n its_o current_n run_v from_o north_n to_o south_n about_o 60_o mile_n below_o casan_n the_o river_n kama_n come_v north-east_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o permia_n kama_n the_o river_n kama_n fall_v on_o the_o left_a side_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o about_o 30_o mile_n low_a the_o river_n zerdick_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n kama_n fall_v also_o into_o the_o same_o river_n at_o about_o 30_o miles_n distance_n from_o hence_o be_v situate_a on_o a_o little_a ascent_n the_o city_n of_o tetus_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o shoar_n resemble_v by_o its_o disorderly_a building_n rather_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n twenty_o five_o mile_n low_a not_o many_o mile_n from_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n be_v the_o river_n vtka_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n of_o bulgar_a bulgar_a the_o province_n of_o bulgar_a the_o capital_a of_o a_o tartarian_a province_n to_o which_o it_o have_v give_v its_o name_n some_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o island_n call_v staritzza_n be_v above_o 15_o mile_n long_o and_o not_o far_o below_o this_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n among_o the_o tartar_n call_v vrenoskora_n it_o be_v a_o place_n very_o delightful_a for_o its_o situation_n and_o famous_a to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o bury_v of_o one_o of_o their_o saint_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o devotion_n a_o good_a many_o mile_n lower_v at_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o two_o other_o great_a city_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o very_o pleasant_o seat_v near_o the_o river_n side_n the_o first_o be_v call_v simberska_n gora_n the_o second_o arbeuchim_n from_o a_o adjacent_a mountain_n that_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v both_o destroy_v by_o tamerlan_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o 53_o deg_fw-la elâ—v_n the_o river_n wolga_n be_v hereabout_o as_o most_o all_o along_o from_o its_o very_a source_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n full_a of_o sand-bank_n and_o small_a island_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o on_o both_o shore_n render_v its_o passage_n very_o difficult_a and_o sometime_o unpassable_a for_o vessel_n of_o great_a burden_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n when_o by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v and_o the_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o be_v thaw_v the_o water_n of_o 〈◊〉_d river_n swell_v up_o to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n so_o 〈◊〉_d often_o they_o afford_v a_o
word_n or_o write_n it_o be_v transact_v by_o way_n of_o brokeridge_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o put_v a_o counterfeit_n upon_o the_o bridegroom_n provide_v the_o parent_n do_v but_o consent_v to_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o laban_n put_v the_o bleer-eyed_a leah_n upon_o jacob_n instead_o of_o the_o beautiful_a rebeckah_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o muscovy_n their_o general_a way_n of_o proceed_v be_v thus_o if_o any_o one_o have_v a_o marriageable_a daughter_n who_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o bestow_v upon_o a_o certain_a young_a man_n he_o approve_v of_o he_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o broker_n declare_v his_o mind_n to_o the_o young_a man_n parent_n or_o for_o want_n of_o they_o to_o one_o of_o the_o next_o kindred_n if_o the_o match_n be_v accept_v of_o two_o or_o three_o woman_n depute_v by_o he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o bridegroom_n be_v permit_v to_o take_v a_o full_a view_n of_o the_o future_a bride_n stark_o naked_a to_o see_v whether_o she_o have_v any_o defect_n after_o which_o their_o friend_n on_o both_o side_n treat_v of_o and_o conclude_v the_o marriage_n the_o intend_a couple_n not_o be_v allow_v to_o see_v one_o another_o till_o they_o meet_v in_o their_o bedchamber_n after_o marriage_n when_o a_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o person_n of_o quality_n ceremony_n marriage_n ceremony_n there_o be_v two_o woman_n appoint_v one_o on_o the_o bridegroom_n be_v the_o other_o on_o the_o bride_n side_n they_o call_v they_o suacha_n who_o business_n be_v joint_o to_o take_v care_n for_o the_o nuptial_n the_o first_o business_n of_o she_o that_o be_v appoint_v on_o the_o bride_n side_n be_v to_o prepare_v the_o nuptial-bed_n she_z attend_v by_o a_o great_a many_o other_o servant_n who_o carry_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o bed_n and_o chamber_n go_v on_o the_o wedding-day_n to_o the_o bridegroom_n house_n where_o the_o bed_n be_v make_v upon_o forty_o sheaf_n of_o rye_n compass_v about_o with_o several_a barrel_n full_a of_o wheat_n barley_n and_o oat_n the_o same_o evening_n the_o bridegroom_n accompany_v by_o his_o kindred_n go_v on_o horseback_n with_o the_o priest_n before_o he_o to_o the_o bride_n house_n where_o be_v meet_v at_o the_o door_n and_o receive_v by_o all_o her_o friend_n they_o be_v all_o invite_a to_o sit_v down_o at_o a_o table_n with_o three_o dish_n of_o meat_n upon_o it_o whilst_o the_o bridegroom_n be_v busy_a in_o receive_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o bride_n friend_n a_o young_a lad_n get_v into_o his_o place_n at_o the_o table_n from_o who_o the_o bridegroom_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v the_o place_n by_o some_o present_n when_o he_o have_v take_v his_o place_n the_o bride_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o room_n most_o rich_o clad_v but_o veil_v and_o seat_v by_o the_o bridegroom_n but_o separate_v by_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o crimson_a taffata_n hold_v up_o betwixt_o they_o by_o two_o young_a lad_n this_o do_v the_o bride_n suacha_n paint_v she_o tie_v up_o her_o hair_n in_o two_o knot_n put_v the_o crown_n on_o her_o head_n and_o dress_v she_o like_o a_o marry_a woman_n whilst_o the_o other_o suacha_n be_v busy_v in_o paint_v the_o bridegroom_n the_o woman_n sing_v several_a foolish_a song_n after_o that_o two_o young_a lad_n in_o very_o rich_a apparel_n bring_v into_o the_o room_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o bridegroom_n a_o very_a large_a cheese_n and_o some_o loaf_n the_o like_o be_v do_v on_o the_o bride_n part_n the_o priest_n bless_v they_o all_o and_o send_v they_o to_o church_n as_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o go_v to_o church_n there_o be_v a_o silver_n basin_n put_v upon_o the_o table_n fill_v with_o little_a piece_n of_o satin_n and_o taffata_n little_a piece_n of_o silver_n hops_n barâ—ey_n and_o oat_n all_o mix_v together_o the_o bride_n face_n be_v cover_v again_o the_o suacha_n take_v certain_a handful_n out_o of_o the_o basin_n which_o she_o cast_v among_o the_o company_n who_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n sing_v a_o song_n and_o pick_v up_o what_o they_o find_v upon_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o come_v to_o church_n the_o young_a couple_n stand_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o taffata_n receive_v the_o benediction_n from_o the_o priest_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o hold_v image_n over_o their_o head_n the_o priest_n take_v the_o bridegroom_n by_o the_o right_n and_o the_o bride_n by_o the_o left_a hand_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ask_v they_o three_o time_n consecutive_o whether_o they_o be_v both_o side_n willing_a and_o content_a to_o marry_v and_o to_o love_v one_o another_o after_o they_o have_v both_o answer_v yes_o all_o the_o company_n join_v hand_n and_o the_o priest_n begin_v to_o sing_v the_o first_o verse_n of_o the_o 128_o psalm_n the_o company_n sing_v the_o next_o and_o so_o continue_v to_o sing_v by_o turn_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o psalm_n the_o company_n dance_v all_o this_o while_n the_o psalm_n be_v end_v the_o priest_n put_v a_o garland_n of_o rhue_n upon_o their_o head_n but_o if_o a_o widow_n or_o a_o widower_n about_o the_o shoulder_n say_v increase_n and_o multiply_v and_o consummate_v the_o marriage_n with_o these_o word_n who_o god_n have_v join_v let_v no_o man_n separate_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n those_o that_o be_v present_a light_v each_o of_o they_o a_o wax-candle_n fill_v the_o priest_n a_o glass_n with_o red_a wine_n which_o he_o take_v off_o and_o the_o marry_a couple_n have_v pledge_v he_o by_o drink_v it_o off_o each_o of_o they_o three_o time_n the_o bridegroom_n throw_v down_o the_o glass_n and_o both_o of_o they_o tread_v it_o to_o piece_n under_o their_o foot_n pronounce_v these_o word_n may_v they_o thus_o fall_v at_o our_o foot_n and_o be_v tread_v to_o piece_n who_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o sow_v division_n or_o discontent_n between_o we_o then_o the_o woman_n there_o present_a cast_v some_o flax-seed_n and_o hempseed_n at_o the_o young_a couple_n wish_v they_o much_o joy_n and_o prosperity_n and_o pull_v the_o bride_n by_o her_o robe_n as_o if_o they_o will_v pull_v she_o away_o from_o her_o husband_n but_o she_o keep_v very_o close_o to_o he_o and_o render_v their_o endeavour_n fruitless_a then_o by_o the_o light_n of_o several_a torch_n or_o wax-candle_n they_o all_o return_n to_o the_o bridegroom_n house_n where_o the_o wedding_n be_v keep_v no_o soon_o be_v they_o enter_v the_o house_n but_o the_o bridegroom_n and_o the_o guest_n sit_v down_o at_o a_o table_n ready_a furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n but_o the_o woman_n carry_v the_o bride_n up_o straghtway_n to_o her_o chamber_n where_o have_v pull_v off_o her_o clothes_n she_o be_v put_v to_o bed_n immediate_o this_o do_v the_o bridegroom_n be_v call_v away_o from_o the_o table_n and_o conduct_v by_o six_o or_o eight_o young_a lad_n with_o torch_n which_o they_o stick_v into_o the_o barrel_n of_o wheat_n or_o barley_n into_o the_o chamber_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o bride_n perceive_v the_o bridegroom_n to_o approach_v she_o go_v out_o of_o bed_n only_o with_o her_o nightgown_n on_o meets_z and_o receive_v he_o with_o a_o very_a submissive_a reverence_n with_o a_o low_a inclination_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o the_o new_a husband_n take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o gaze_v at_o she_o this_o be_v common_o the_o first_o time_n that_o he_o see_v her_o face_n thus_o they_o sit_v down_o together_o like_a man_n and_o wife_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v they_o be_v not_o much_o addict_v to_o compliment_n and_o among_o other_o dish_n a_o roast_a fowl_n be_v serve_v up_o which_o the_o bridegroom_n pull_v asunder_o cast_v over_o his_o shoulder_n that_o part_v which_o first_o come_v off_o whether_o leg_n or_o wing_n the_o rest_n they_o eat_v and_o all_o be_v withdraw_v unless_o it_o be_v one_o old_a female_a servant_n that_o keep_v watch_n at_o the_o chamber-door_n to_o work_v they_o go_v without_o any_o further_a preamble_n while_o their_o kindred_n and_o friend_n be_v busy_a in_o certain_a charm_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n either_o for_o fortify_v the_o codpiece_n or_o at_o least_o in_o defend_v it_o from_o witchcraft_n which_o they_o be_v sore_o afraid_a of_o especial_o people_n of_o quality_n the_o nun_n here_o be_v account_v very_o dextrous_a both_o in_o tie_v and_o unravel_v the_o codpiece_n point_n the_o old_a female_n that_o stand_v sentry_n at_o the_o door_n ask_v some_o time_n after_o whether_o the_o battle_n be_v win_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bridegroom_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v she_o give_v the_o signal_n to_o the_o trumpet_n who_o make_v a_o excellent_a noiâ—â—_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o stove_n can_v be_v get_v ready_a where_o the_o new_a marry_a couple_n bathe_v themselves_o but_o apart_o here_o they_o be_v wash_v
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effectual_a than_o all_o their_o whip_n and_o cudgel_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o oeconomy_n and_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o house_n in_o general_a oeconomy_n their_o oeconomy_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o it_o bear_v not_o the_o least_o comparison_n with_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o part_n for_o the_o inferior_a sort_n live_v in_o wooden_a house_n very_o low_a and_o mean_o build_v their_o household_n stuff_v consist_v common_o in_o two_o or_o three_o pot_n and_o a_o few_o wooden_a or_o earthen_a dish_n some_o of_o the_o rich_a sort_n make_v use_n of_o pewter_n but_o what_o they_o have_v of_o it_o be_v very_o ill_o keep_v as_o be_v most_o of_o their_o other_o furniture_n the_o muscovite_n not_o make_v the_o least_o account_n of_o cleanliness_n and_o as_o for_o plate_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o to_o be_v