and_o gassendus_fw-la teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o suction_n but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v take_v a_o glass_n vessel_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n within_o be_v keep_v from_o have_v any_o intercourse_n with_o that_o without_o the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pipe_n be_v thus_o fix_v we_o convey_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n till_o it_o rise_v something_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o have_v incline_v the_o bottle_n to_o give_v a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n i_o suck_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o water_n rise_v into_o my_o mouth_n and_o till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o suction_n allow_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v away_o by_o the_o dilate_a chest_n of_o he_o that_o suck_v and_o thereby_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n at_o which_o he_o suck_v but_o beside_o the_o precede_a use_n make_v of_o this_o experiment_n i_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n till_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o just_a immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o suction_n it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o weaken_a to_o raise_v it_o high_o several_a bubble_n of_o air_n break_v through_o the_o water_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o leave_v off_o suck_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n so_o compress_v the_o rarify_v air_n within_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o wont_a station_n several_a particle_n break_v into_o the_o bottle_n through_o the_o water_n till_o that_o internal_a air_n be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o external_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n examine_v fluidity_n motion_n the_o chief_a qualification_n in_o order_n to_o fluidity_n the_o first_o particular_a examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v a_o mistake_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n concern_v the_o author_n opinion_n of_o fluidity_n the_o objector_n make_v the_o author_n notion_n of_o fluidity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n whereas_o our_o author_n assign_v motion_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a qualification_n since_o a_o coagulum_fw-la of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o wine_n may_v by_o bare_a digestion_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n though_o fluid_a may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a powder_n by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n further_o assert_n that_o fluid_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n divisible_a into_o fluid_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n yet_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o the_o shape_n size_n texture_n and_o motion_n and_o firmness_n on_o a_o rest_n among_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n and_o likewise_o that_o fluids_n be_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n substitute_n it_o teach_v that_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n may_v move_v whilst_o the_o whole_a be_v in_o motion_n and_o that_o solid_n may_v have_v their_o part_n in_o motion_n though_o the_o whole_a lie_n still_o as_o also_o he_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a may_v be_v render_v less_o fluid_a by_o be_v compress_v but_o since_o he_o have_v assert_v these_o thing_n and_o not_o prove_v they_o and_o since_o the_o hypothesis_n he_o go_v upon_o be_v sufficient_o invalidate_v before_o the_o author_n think_v these_o require_v no_o particular_a answer_n and_o though_o he_o further_o make_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n yet_o since_o our_o author_n make_v motion_n or_o rest_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a requisite_n what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n for_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n appear_v if_o a_o lump_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o that_o rest_v contribute_v to_o solidity_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v become_v ice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o as_o well_o as_o metal_n by_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n by_o heat_n become_v fluid_n chap._n xxix_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n four_o see_v plate_n the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o structure_n of_o our_o engine_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o alphabetical_a explanation_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o mechanical_a structure_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o enough_o understand_v by_o those_o especial_o that_o be_v acquaint_v by_o our_o first_o engine_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o our_o plate_n to_o represent_v the_o engine_n just_o ready_a to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v explain_v first_o the_o sucker_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o the_o perforation_n p_o q_o which_o go_v through_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o together_o with_o the_o stick_n r_o s_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n n_z o_z when_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o stick_n rp_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n second_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o lie_n in_o a_o gutter_n make_v purposely_o in_o the_o board_n c_o d_o e_o f_o which_o board_n be_v lay_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n lay_v upon_o that_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o warp_a in_o which_o iron-plate_n be_v fix_v a_o lip_n which_o rise_v up_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o which_o be_v bend_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o the_o receiver_n from_o be_v spill_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o stop-cock_n g_z h_z i_o k_o may_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o o_o at_o ay_o with_o soder_n yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a to_o have_v the_o branch_n ay_o make_v like_o a_o screw_n so_o that_o be_v screw_v into_o the_o barrel_n it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v mend_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v amiss_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o wood_n or_o the_o cement_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o pipe_n where_o the_o invert_v end_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o lest_o the_o inward_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v stop_v with_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n draw_v to_o it_o there_o be_v fix_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o a_o tin_n plate_n so_o contrive_v as_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o air._n the_o wooden_a part_n represent_v in_o the_o plate_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o cylinder_n be_v always_o so_o full_a of_o water_n as_o able_a to_o overtop_v the_o cylinder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o sucker_n soft_a and_o plump_a by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v more_o exact_o fit_v to_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o iron_n plate_n abovementioned_a it_o have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o it_o exclude_v the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o the_o receiver_n have_v a_o stop-cock_n in_o most_o experiment_n though_o in_o some_o it_o be_v less_o servirceable_a but_o most_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o our_o first_o engine_n if_o the_o follow_a alteration_n be_v make_v and_o first_o if_o a_o square_a board_n and_o a_o suitable_a iron_n plate_n such_o as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o engine_n be_v fasten_v opposite_a to_o the_o iron_n rack_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a cylinder_n and_o a_o glass_n tube_n like_o that_o just_a now_o describe_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n with_o a_o cement_n make_v with_o near_a a_o
and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v only_o urge_v that_o it_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o can_v have_v more_o easy_o agree_v with_o they_o since_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o weigat_n the_o sea_n be_v freeze_v but_o not_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n for_o the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v but_o only_o near_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v much_o cold_o than_o in_o the_o ocean_n frigidum_fw-la water_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 5._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n that_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o in_o all_o water_n that_o be_v freeze_v by_o cold_a we_o always_o see_v they_o begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a which_o argue_v the_o air_n cold_o than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o congeal_v it_o whereas_o if_o water_n be_v the_o cold_a body_n it_o ought_v always_o natural_o to_o be_v freeze_v or_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v rather_o in_o the_o middle_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o rather_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n than_o in_o gulf_n strait_n and_o small_a river_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o vast_a heap_n of_o ice_n that_o float_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o penetration_n of_o cold_a to_o that_o depth_n they_o sometime_o sink_v to_o but_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o small_a river_n and_o cement_v together_o depress_v each_o other_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n upon_o which_o the_o fall_a snow_n gradual_o increase_v their_o bulk_n 6._o but_o though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o take_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v it_o indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o except_v where_o some_o adventitious_a cause_n concur_v the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a by_o it_o we_o must_v adjudge_v it_o cold._a and_o though_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a yet_o all_o divers_a unanimous_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o at_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o few_o fathom_n beside_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o warm_a region_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a at_o land_n than_o sea_n and_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o cool_a but_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v there_o they_o do_v find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n though_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v often_o freeze_v frigidum_fw-la air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 7._o by_o the_o stoic_n and_o many_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o air_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o hot_a and_o likewise_o that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o
which_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o air_n form_v body_n like_o moss_n and_o here_o and_o there_o small_a mushroom_n pretty_o colour_v and_o from_o other_o granate_n i_o obtain_v a_o tincture_n which_o after_o evaporation_n do_v in_o the_o cold_a afford_v saline_a concretion_n but_o so_o small_a that_o their_o figure_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v and_o probable_o be_v trial_n make_v other_o mineral_n concretes_n may_v be_v wrought_v on_o by_o appropriate_v menstruum_n for_o though_o the_o spar_v that_o be_v find_v in_o lead_n mine_n next_o the_o vein_n of_o ore_n be_v semidiaphanous_a and_o usual_o break_v in_o smooth_a and_o glassy_a superficies_n and_o look_n like_o a_o talc_n and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v up_o of_o figure_a particle_n shape_v like_o rhombuus_n or_o rhomboide_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o be_v a_o more_o open_a body_n than_o talk_v be_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o heat_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o beside_o the_o method_n already_o mention_v there_o be_v other_o method_n to_o discover_v the_o metalline_a ingredient_n of_o a_o body_n by_o fusion_n and_o proper_a additament_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v dissolve_v stony_n stiriae_fw-la of_o petrify_v water_n in_o spirit_n of_o french_a verdigrease_n and_o after_o a_o gentle_a evaporation_n place_v it_o in_o a_o cool_a place_n it_o yield_v â—…stals_n figure_v much_o like_o those_o of_o pure_a nitroâ—_n 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o this_o stony_a solution_n be_v mix_v wiâ—â—_n a_o solution_n of_o copper_n they_o do_v not_o precipitate_v each_o other_o but_o upon_o evaporation_n yield_v crystal_n transparent_a and_o colourless_a and_o that_o be_v rich_o adorn_v with_o a_o greenish_a blue_a tincture_n of_o the_o metal_n chap._n ii_o contain_v a_o conjecture_n about_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n from_z what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o and_o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o only_o abound_v with_o several_a mineral_n and_o metalline_a substance_n a_o great_a many_o of_o which_o be_v undiscovered_a and_o a_o great_a many_o already_o know_v but_o also_o that_o several_a mine_n be_v furnish_v with_o water_n which_o be_v impregnate_v various_o may_v be_v no_o dispicable_a menstruum_n but_o may_v likewise_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o mineral_n body_n and_o not_o only_o serve_v as_o corrosive_a menstruum_n but_o pure_a solvent_n to_o mineral_n earth_n and_o that_o common_a water_n be_v able_a to_o impregnate_n itself_o not_o only_o with_o saline_n but_o mineral_n part_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o various_a taste_n of_o water_n and_o their_o use_n some_o be_v fit_a for_o brew_v other_o for_o wash_v some_o for_o die_v particular_a colour_n and_o some_o to_o temper_v steel_n and_o other_o again_o for_o other_o use_n and_o among_o the_o most_o remarkable_a â—…ies_n be_v thermae_n and_o acidulae_n reckon_v up_o by_o various_a author_n as_o also_o salt_n spring_n and_o those_o water_n of_o hungary_n and_o other_o part_n which_o yield_v a_o vitriol_n which_o be_v a_o substance_n compound_v and_o decompound_v contain_v a_o saline_n a_o sulphureous_a a_o metalline_a and_o a_o earthy_a part_n and_o if_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o impregnate_v with_o metalline_a part_n it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o apprehend_v how_o a_o lapidescent_n humour_n be_v sufficient_o mix_v with_o and_o proportion_v to_o it_o may_v be_v coagulate_v into_o stony_n stiriae_fw-la and_o from_o such_o like_a coalition_n may_v arise_v those_o precious_a stone_n and_o transparent_a gem_n for_o the_o virtue_n of_o specific_a juice_n be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v see_v vegetable_a substance_n sufficient_o harden_v by_o they_o to_o grave_n on_o iron_n and_o i_o have_v a_o substance_n which_o i_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o petrify_v gum_n which_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o grave_a on_o glass_n and_o if_o the_o part_n of_o mineral_n may_v thus_o by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o petrify_v body_n by_o this_o mean_n gem_n may_v not_o only_o be_v impregnate_v but_o thence_o receive_v their_o medicinal_a virtue_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mineral_n be_v different_a in_o quality_n and_o abound_v in_o quantity_n which_o original_a of_o their_o virtue_n may_v be_v rendeed_o probable_a not_o only_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n but_o by_o their_o different_a colour_n and_o that_o their_o impregnation_n with_o mineral_n part_n ennoble_v they_o with_o medicinal_a virtue_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o testimony_n of_o experience_n and_o be_v render_v probable_a by_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o loadstone_n which_o though_o a_o much_o hard_a substance_n than_o some_o gem_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la very_o copious_o and_o have_v not_o only_o manifest_a effect_n on_o iron_n but_o humane_a body_n and_o even_o those_o pebble_n with_o which_o they_o counterfeit_v diamond_n have_v be_v cause_v in_o a_o trice_n to_o emit_v copious_a and_o strong_o scent_v steam_n and_o even_o diamond_n the_o hard_a of_o gem_n may_v by_o rub_v be_v cause_v to_o emit_v electrical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o digestion_n of_o a_o man_n stomach_n be_v not_o able_a to_o extract_v the_o metalline_a part_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a congruity_n betwixt_o the_o juice_n of_o our_o body_n and_o the_o mineral_n substance_n with_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v than_o we_o be_v aware_a of_o beside_o we_o see_v that_o the_o stomach_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o chalybeate_a preparation_n and_o even_o crude_a steel_n itself_o and_o i_o have_v obtain_v a_o tincture_n from_o several_a hard_a body_n and_o even_a gem_n themselves_o by_o a_o liquor_n distil_v from_o a_o vegetable_a substance_n as_o temperate_o qualify_v as_o bread_n and_o that_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o our_o body_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o extract_a of_o the_o virtue_n of_o precious_a stone_n i_o be_o persuade_v since_o it_o make_v a_o evident_a alteration_n in_o the_o hard_a of_o they_o so_o as_o to_o render_v a_o diamond_n electrical_a and_o i_o have_v have_v one_o which_o by_o warm_a water_n will_v be_v excite_v to_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a that_o gem_n have_v the_o most_o subtle_a mineral_n steam_n in_o they_o be_v not_o disperse_v by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n they_o may_v be_v more_o effectual_a consider_v their_o quantity_n than_o preparation_n of_o metal_n which_o have_v undergo_v a_o fusion_n and_o their_o virtue_n may_v sometime_o be_v much_o different_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o mineral_n particle_n since_o vunzerus_n tell_v we_o that_o among_o those_o stone_n which_o be_v call_v nephritick_n stone_n some_o be_v much_o more_o effectual_a than_o other_o beside_o the_o petrifick_a juice_n themselves_o may_v have_v distinct_a nature_n and_o peculiar_a quality_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o coalition_n with_o adventitious_a liquor_n and_o if_o petrify_a liquor_n may_v have_v such_o manifest_a effect_n on_o several_a body_n one_o will_v think_v indispose_v to_o petrify_v why_o may_v not_o such_o a_o liquor_n subdue_v transparent_a mineral_n abound_v with_o saline_n sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v excite_v may_v emit_v their_o most_o subtle_a part_n and_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v severl_n body_n compound_v by_o the_o action_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n those_o petrify_v may_v enable_v the_o body_n with_o correspondent_a quality_n on_o which_o occasion_n i_o here_o subjoin_v that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o saline_a substance_n which_o be_v form_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n like_o that_o which_o be_v artificial_o make_v and_o i_o have_v see_v volatile_a salt_n and_o sulphur_n shoot_n into_o transparent_a crystal_n in_o a_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la after_o distillation_n which_o have_v be_v more_o curious_o figure_v than_o several_a gem_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v in_o disfavour_n of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o gem_n that_o they_o grow_v no_o light_a when_o they_o be_v say_v to_o emit_fw-la effluvia_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v that_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o the_o antimonial_a cup_n impregnate_v wine_n without_o lose_v of_o its_o substance_n and_o that_o mercury_n will_v give_v water_n a_o virtue_n of_o kill_a worm_n by_o be_v boil_v in_o it_o though_o by_o these_o mean_v it_o lose_v nothing_o of_o its_o weight_n i_o shall_v rather_o demand_v how_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n grow_v no_o light_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o effluvia_fw-la and_o though_o in_o some_o case_n the_o gem_n may_v be_v light_a than_o crystal_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n of_o their_o more_o languid_a effect_n since_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o those_o body_n they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o may_v be_v of_o a_o saline_a nature_n
mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o salt_n water_n sea_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea_n water_n i_o deny_v not_o what_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o modern_n teach_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o saltness_n proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o that_o saltness_n be_v not_o only_o supply_v by_o those_o salt_n rock_n which_o may_v be_v contiguous_a to_o or_o near_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v by_o salt_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v into_o it_o by_o spring_n and_o rain-water_n which_o float_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n because_o several_a chemist_n have_v not_o only_o find_v salt_n in_o some_o water_n but_o have_v obtain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n upon_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
perhaps_o partly_o proceed_v from_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o humour_n within_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v prevent_v from_o squeeze_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n answer_v a_o three_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n twenty_o inch_n long_o be_v immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v full_a the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a upon_o take_v away_o the_o low_a finger_n the_o pulp_n of_o the_o upper_a will_v be_v draw_v down_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o cylinder_n much_o long_o so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o the_o suspension_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n according_a to_o the_o elaterist_n but_o though_o this_o objection_n may_v seem_v to_o represent_v some_o difficulty_n yet_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v answer_v by_o thus_o explain_v the_o phaenomenon_n viz._n though_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v at_o both_o end_n the_o finger_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v equal_o pres'sd_v upon_o on_o both_o side_n yet_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n below_o though_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o finger_n continue_v to_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v by_o two_o three_o less_o against_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n its_o gravity_n press_v upon_o the_o subjacent_a air_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o great_a quantity_n yet_o that_o in_o part_n take_v off_o the_o full_a pressure_n of_o it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o pressure_n upward_o disproportionable_a to_o that_o which_o tend_v downward_o and_o though_o the_o objector_n urge_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v equal_o suspend_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n as_o before_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o finger_n press_v it_o up_o much_o more_o strong_o to_o prevent_v any_o of_o it_o get_v out_o whereas_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n only_o depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v or_o weaken_a as_o that_o of_o the_o finger_n may_v which_o be_v capable_a of_o raise_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n answer_v another_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n allege_v by_o the_o author_n be_v that_o be_v the_o mercury_n buoy_v up_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v be_v as_o easy_a to_o suck_v up_o mercury_n in_o a_o pipe_n as_o water_n nothing_o more_o be_v requisite_a but_o to_o draw_v away_o the_o air._n but_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v take_v off_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o lung_n depend_v upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n and_o intercostal_n muscle_n and_o that_o air_n be_v press_v in_o by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o that_o gravity_n or_o spring_n be_v more_o powerful_o resist_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n than_o water_n the_o lung_n can_v so_o powerful_o dilate_v nor_o can_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v with_o equal_a ease_n because_o that_o air_n in_o the_o lung_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n bring_v the_o external_n force_v of_o the_o atmosphere_n near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la beside_o the_o external_n air_n press_v upon_o the_o thorax_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o dilate_v themselves_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o press_v against_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v a_o further_a cause_n why_o it_o rise_v not_o so_o high_a which_o explanation_n be_v confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o lung_n be_v more_o violent_o dilate_v the_o mercury_n rise_v high_a in_o the_o tube_n and_o it_o will_v be_v further_a probable_a by_o consider_v how_o much_o great_a a_o pressure_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o so_o large_a a_o superficies_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thorax_n than_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o lung_n and_o as_o for_o the_o funiculus_fw-la which_o our_o author_n suppose_v to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n by_o contract_v itself_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v raise_v such_o a_o weight_n as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n without_o tear_v off_o the_o thin_a membrane_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o which_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la must_v at_o one_o end_n be_v join_v to_o these_o objection_n the_o author_n add_v a_o inference_n that_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o loco_fw-la aperto_fw-la no_o more_o can_v be_v effect_v by_o it_o in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la but_o the_o place_n which_o the_o objector_n take_v to_o be_v in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la appear_v to_o be_v only_o in_o a_o room_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o whereas_o the_o former_a objectoin_n appear_v to_o be_v invalid_a the_o inference_n must_v be_v so_o too_o because_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o air_n in_o a_o room_n and_o the_o external_n by_o some_o holes_n or_o cranny_n or_o otherwise_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v as_o much_o by_o its_o spring_n within_o as_o without_o chap._n xv._o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v the_o hypothesis_n lay_v down_o by_o our_o adversary_n and_o which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v examine_v examine_v argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v be_v that_o what_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v do_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o funiculus_fw-la consist_v of_o a_o thin_a substance_n powerful_o expanded_a which_o be_v betwixt_o two_o body_n endeavour_n to_o contract_n itself_o and_o to_o bring_v those_o body_n together_o ne_fw-la detur_fw-la vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v that_o the_o finger_n will_v not_o be_v so_o draw_v down_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v there_o not_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o be_v there_o not_o a_o thin_a substance_n there_o extend_v there_o will_v be_v a_o vacuum_n as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n it_o have_v already_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o though_o he_o allege_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n he_o offer_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o suction_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n upon_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v likewise_o already_o answer_v by_o what_o have_v go_v before_o in_o explain_v that_o phaenomenon_n but_o another_o argument_n he_o allege_v against_o a_o vacuity_n be_v the_o diaphaneity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tube_n for_o be_v there_o a_o vacuum_n he_o say_v it_o will_v be_v like_o a_o black_a pillar_n neither_o capable_a of_o afford_v any_o thing_n visible_a nor_o of_o permit_v visible_a object_n to_o appear_v through_o it_o but_o the_o invalidity_n of_o this_o argument_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o and_o atomist_n who_o teach_v that_o light_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o subtle_a emanation_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o penetrate_a glass_n itself_o and_o though_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n may_v seem_v full_a of_o light_n yet_o no_o doubt_n but_o be_v the_o part_n of_o luciferous_a matter_n condense_v into_o a_o lump_n they_o will_v not_o fill_v half_o the_o cavity_n since_o the_o smoke_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o our_o receiver_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v opacous_a be_v but_o capable_a of_o fill_v a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o when_o condense_v beside_o shall_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o dark_a a_o vacuist_n may_v argue_v that_o the_o matter_n which_o upon_o a_o access_n of_o light_n be_v visible_a be_v not_o in_o the_o receiver_n before_o but_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n dart_v through_o the_o glass_n and_o though_o light_n shall_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o trajection_n of_o such_o luciferous_a beam_n but_o from_o a_o impulse_n of_o luciferous_a body_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o tube_n be_v full_a since_o from_o our_o seventeen_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v there_o remain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o matter_n behind_o to_o communicate_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n to_o the_o external_n air_n and_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o cartesian_a materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la yet_o since_o they_o allow_v that_o capable_a of_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o upon_o the_o access_n of_o a_o grosser_n body_n it_o will_v
subtilis_fw-la and_o justle_a against_o each_o other_o take_v up_o 1000_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o these_o part_n be_v thus_o agitate_a whatever_n gunpowder_n they_o fall_v upon_o they_o present_o shatter_v its_o part_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o globuli_fw-la secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o place_n which_o contain_v the_o gunpowder_n and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v impetuous_o move_v in_o that_o they_o not_o only_o burst_v the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o but_o drive_v every_o thing_n out_o of_o its_o place_n which_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v they_o chap._n xxii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n not_o to_o mention_v all_o those_o absurdity_n which_o mr._n boyle_n have_v show_v in_o the_o author_n explanation_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n 5._o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 5._o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o explanation_n mr._n boil_v himself_o give_v of_o it_o for_o mr._n boyle_n conceive_v no_o such_o difficulty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o author_n will_v represent_v say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o contain_v any_o obscurity_n in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a for_o if_o the_o wheel_n a_o b_o c_o d._n be_v move_v in_o a_o direct_a motion_n from_o a_o i_o c._n to_o k_o l_o m._n each_o of_o the_o point_v a_o e_o i_o g_o c._n will_v either_o on_o a_o plain_a or_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o pass_v through_o form_n so_o many_o parallel_a line_n to_o i_o l._n but_o if_o instead_o of_o that_o direct_a progressive_a motion_n it_o have_v a_o circulation_n each_o point_n in_o one_o revolution_n whilst_o move_v from_o g_z to_z l._n will_v form_v a_o cyclorid_n beside_o each_o point_n of_o the_o circle_n acquire_v various_a degree_n of_o celerity_n in_o its_o progression_n by_o this_o complex_fw-la motion_n according_a to_o its_o various_a position_n to_o a_o point_n which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o progressive_a for_o as_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la so_o be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o progressive_a motion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o point_n from_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o line_n of_o progression_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o circle_n describe_v on_o that_o distance_n as_o radius_fw-la and_o therefore_o each_o point_n of_o the_o small_a circle_n when_o it_o touch_v the_o perpendicular_a will_v in_o respect_n of_o its_o progressive_a motion_n stand_v still_o this_o point_n therefore_o will_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la motion_n aristotelica_n our_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n but_o since_o it_o may_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o rota_n aristotelica_n if_o we_o only_o consider_v those_o point_n which_o pass_v across_o the_o perpendicular_a we_o shall_v suppose_v in_o our_o example_n that_o a_o be_v the_o centre_n or_o immovable_a point_n and_o then_o the_o circumference_n a_o b_o c_o d_o will_n be_v equal_a to_o i_o l_o or_o a_o k_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n and_o since_o the_o point_n i_o have_v only_o one_o motion_n viz._n that_o of_o lation_n the_o point_n c_o which_o have_v two_o motion_n must_v have_v double_a the_o velocity_n of_o i_o and_o the_o point_n f_o have_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o lation_n with_o i_o and_o put_v half_a the_o distance_n of_o c_o from_o the_o centre_n i_o it_o must_v have_v one_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o a_o half_a and_o further_o the_o point_n e_o have_v the_o same_o progressive_a motion_n with_o i_o and_o be_v move_v backward_o with_o half_a the_o velocity_n lose_v half_o the_o progressive_a motion_n forward_o and_o the_o point_v a_o be_v by_o its_o progression_n move_v forward_o with_o a_o equal_a velocity_n with_o i_o and_o by_o its_o rotation_n the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o being_n equal_v to_o the_o line_n i_o l_o be_v carry_v back_o with_o equal_a celerity_n must_v necessary_o stand_v still_o as_o to_o the_o progressive_a motion_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o point_v a_o be_v at_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o two_o opposite_a motion_n only_o touch_v a_o point_n of_o the_o line_n a_o k_o without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o the_o point_n e_o move_v forward_o as_o fast_v again_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v backward_o by_o its_o rotation_n and_o consequent_o move_v half_a as_o fast_o as_o the_o point_n i_o not_o only_o touch_v the_o line_n e_o k_n but_o be_v move_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o progressive_a motion_n half_o as_o quick_a as_o that_o of_o ay_o it_o will_v consequent_o follow_v that_o each_o point_n in_o e_z must_v make_v a_o small_a line_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a e_z c_z so_o that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o contact_n and_o the_o progression_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v perform_v by_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o point_n in_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o instant_n the_o difficulty_n represent_v by_o our_o author_n be_v explain_v it_o be_v take_v off_o all_o that_o he_o say_v come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o in_o such_o a_o determinate_a moment_n or_o minute_n space_n of_o time_n such_o a_o determirate_n minute_n corpuscle_n will_v successive_o pass_v over_o such_o a_o determinate_a space_n or_o length_n chap._n xxiii_o a_o abstract_n of_o what_o be_v further_o contain_v relate_v to_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o dialogus_fw-la physicus_fw-la in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o absurdity_n the_o author_n have_v show_v mr._n hobbs_n guilty_a of_o but_o shall_v only_o extract_v what_o may_v tend_v to_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weight_n and_o spring_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n in_o a_o water_a pot_n be_v prevent_v from_o descend_v through_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o make_v a_o strong_a resistance_n than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o such_o a_o length_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v it_o must_v consequent_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o water_a pot_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n where_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weaken_a by_o extract_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v able_a to_o outbalance_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n it_o begin_v to_o subside_o chap_n xxiv_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n assert_v the_o author_n have_v prove_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n and_o a_o glass_n bubble_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o air_n be_v gravity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n before_o and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n all_o that_o mr._n hobbs_n object_n relate_v to_o the_o bladder_n weigh_v in_o the_o receiver_n only_o intimate_v that_o the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n the_o weight_n proceed_v from_o atom_n which_o swim_v in_o that_o air_n or_o the_o haltius_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bladder_n along_o with_o the_o air_n but_o since_o this_o deny_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o question_n the_o cause_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o what_o we_o aim_v at_o to_o prove_v that_o air_n do_v gravitate_fw-la though_o the_o cause_n of_o gravitation_n be_v not_o know_v prove_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n prove_v as_o to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n wave_v what_o trivial_a objection_n mr._n hobbs_n make_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v it_o the_o first_o be_v that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o lift_v the_o low_a end_n above_o the_o basis_n it_o rest_v on_o before_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o finger_n can_v discern_v no_o gravitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n but_o if_o it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o external_n air_n let_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o before_o do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o
before_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o rise_v when_o the_o superfluous_a weight_n be_v take_v away_o and_o as_o for_o a_o internal_a conatus_fw-la of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v such_o allow_v as_o mr._n hobbs_n contend_v for_o it_o will_v rather_o hinder_v than_o promote_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n for_o be_v that_o include_v air_n force_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o he_o suppose_v and_o be_v it_o strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o violent_a repercussion_n in_o the_o air_n the_o internal_a force_n counterpoize_v the_o external_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n will_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o least_o be_v promote_v but_o since_o from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n void_a of_o air_n and_o that_o such_o a_o impetus_fw-la will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v by_o it_o it_o be_v more_o natural_a to_o belive_o that_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n raise_v it_o chap._n xxvi_o several_a scatter_a explication_n and_o passage_n in_o his_o dialogue_n consider_v whereas_o we_o have_v in_o the_o xxxxvth_z experimenti_fw-la mention_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v this_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n swift_o agitate_a in_o the_o air_n but_o since_o the_o same_o agitation_n of_o part_n within_o the_o tube_n may_v also_o depress_v that_o to_o a_o equal_a surface_n with_o the_o external_n the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o it_o be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a the_o reason_n which_o he_o assign_v for_o the_o difficulty_n in_o draw_v up_o the_o stopple_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v a_o violent_a conatus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n within_o but_o be_v the_o impetus_fw-la so_o great_a as_o to_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o repercussion_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n before_o suppose_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o sucker_n it_o shall_v rather_o raise_v the_o stopple_n and_o if_o that_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fasten_n of_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n run_v about_o and_o be_v in_o motion_n for_o a_o good_a while_n nor_o can_v the_o plenitude_n he_o suppose_v cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n because_o he_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v equal_o and_o at_o all_o time_n full_a but_o that_o the_o close_a connexion_n of_o the_o stopple_n to_o the_o socket_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n appear_v by_o close_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n with_o cement_n instead_o of_o that_o stopple_n for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n will_v press_v so_o violent_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o make_v the_o upper_a superficies_n concave_a and_o sometime_o to_o force_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n with_o a_o noise_n and_o great_a violence_n he_o further_o assign_v the_o boil_n of_o water_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n include_v but_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n our_o explanation_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o heat_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o to_o expand_v more_o powerful_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n and_o though_o he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o be_v move_v except_o à _fw-la movente_fw-la contiguo_fw-la a_o contiguous_a body_n in_o motion_n yet_o since_o he_o allow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o earthy_a part_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v innate_a and_o consequent_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o contiguous_a body_n i_o shall_v leave_v that_o to_o answer_v what_o he_o here_o deliver_v and_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v agitate_a when_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n be_v enough_o to_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomenon_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o receiver_n why_o animal_n die_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o animal_n which_o i_o ascribe_v doubt_o though_o not_o without_o probability_n to_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n he_o attribute_n to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o tenacity_n but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n that_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n and_o as_o for_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n than_o before_o the_o contrary_a appear_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n where_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n weigh_v much_o less_o than_o before_o but_o from_o the_o break_v of_o bubble_n outward_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thick_a but_o a_o light_a and_o more_o yield_a body_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n from_o his_o supposition_n of_o the_o air_n be_v thickness_n endeavour_n to_o account_n for_o the_o sudden_a extinction_n of_o flame_n in_o our_o receiver_n yet_o think_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o extinction_n of_o flame_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o thick_a as_o he_o suppose_v chap._n xxvii_o several_n other_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n dialogue_n examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o what_o our_o author_n deliver_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o coliesion_n of_o two_o marble_n but_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o what_o he_o here_o offer_v be_v obviate_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o title_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o prove_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o prove_v first_o if_o a_o aeolipile_v free_v from_o air_n be_v whilst_o hot_a stop_v with_o wax_n upon_o a_o perforation_n of_o that_o wax_n the_o air_n will_v be_v press_v in_o to_o the_o cool_a aeolipile_n whether_o the_o orifice_n be_v hold_v down_o or_o horizontal_o which_o show_v that_o the_o air_n on_o each_o side_n may_v press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o marble_n as_o well_o as_o the_o subjacent_a pillar_n of_o air_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o impel_v against_o it_o only_o in_o a_o pyramidal_a figure_n as_o he_o will_v urge_v viz._n because_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n and_o border_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v form_v pyramid_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o large_a glass_n and_o a_o book_n clap_v upon_o the_o orifice_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a atmosphere_n keep_v it_o suspend_v there_o and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n say_v that_o two_o plate_n of_o copper_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ell_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o that_o six_o man_n can_v not_o pull_v they_o asund_o second_o asund_o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n second_o and_o it_o appear_v from_o a_o experiment_n make_v in_o a_o glass_n viol._n anon_o to_o be_v describe_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v so_o immerse_v that_o it_o be_v low_a orifice_n just_o touch_v the_o water_n the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n a_o considerable_a height_n as_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o the_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o glass_n fountain_n and_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n expanded_a take_v up_o no_o more_o room_n after_o they_o be_v expanded_a than_o before_o but_o since_o he_o mean_v so_o as_o adequate_o to_o fill_v more_o space_n and_o we_o only_o mean_v such_o a_o expansion_n as_o be_v before_o explain_v by_o instance_v compress_v wool_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o our_o sense_n it_o will_v take_v up_o more_o space_n so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o water_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o there_o be_v other_o objection_n mention_v in_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n but_o since_o the_o author_n find_v no_o weight_n in_o they_o against_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v teach_v i_o shall_v only_o further_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o ground_n freeze_v ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 86._o say_v that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xiii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o lee-ward_n of_o great_a bank_n of_o ice_n they_o may_v discover_v they_o by_o the_o access_n of_o cold_a twenty_o league_n title_n fourteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o different_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v diffuse_v of_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v in_o try_v these_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o medium_n be_v not_o to_o be_v too_o thick_a since_o from_o experiment_n already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o compact_n medium_fw-la very_o thick_o will_v not_o give_v way_n to_o cold._n 1._o have_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o a_o pipkin_n and_o another_o in_o a_o white_a basin_n glaze_v within_o and_o without_o they_o be_v both_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n and_o that_o cold_a will_v penetrate_v pewter-bottle_n appear_v from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o 2._o have_v cause_v two_o cup_n to_o be_v make_v of_o latin_a or_o plate_n of_o iron_n cover_v over_o with_o tin_n the_o convex_a part_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o less_o have_v a_o broad_a ledge_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o it_o rest_v on_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o other_o so_o as_o to_o leave_v a_o interval_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a superficies_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o other_o we_o fill_v that_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o put_v a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n within_o the_o less_o cup_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o other_o we_o have_v cup_n of_o ice_n make_v of_o the_o enclose_a water_n 2._o the_o learned_a erasmus_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la nivis_fw-la mention_n a_o experiment_n by_o which_o air_n be_v turn_v into_o water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n viz._n ice_n or_o snow_n be_v put_v into_o a_o a_o funnel_n which_o he_o suppose_v refrigerates_n and_o condense_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o the_o dew_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v condense_v air_n be_v make_v up_o of_o moist_a vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o which_o be_v so_o small_a in_o quantity_n that_o have_v suspend_v a_o tunnel_n in_o the_o air_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v much_o more_o refrigerate_v than_o either_o ice_n or_o snow_n by_o themselves_o it_o gather_v but_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n and_o that_o too_o last_v no_o long_a than_o whilst_o the_o mixture_n be_v dissolve_v beside_o those_o condense_a vapour_n be_v first_o freeze_v before_o they_o drop_v down_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n 3._o that_o in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o but_o that_o cold_a shall_v not_o only_o penetrate_v glass_n but_o afterward_o act_v upon_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v a_o little_a more_o strange_a for_o have_v suspend_v a_o tube_n of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_z pile_v snow_n and_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o high_a as_o the_o include_v water_n wrought_v it_o work_v upon_o it_o and_o freeze_v it_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n 4._o but_o what_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a be_v that_o cold_a will_v act_v through_o a_o evident_o hot_a medium_fw-la for_o drink_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o mineral_n water_n timely_a in_o the_o morning_n i_o observe_v a_o manifest_a coldness_n through_o the_o muscle_n of_o my_o abdomen_fw-la which_o be_v in_o a_o high_a degree_n remarkable_a in_o a_o gentleman_n who_o drink_v much_o great_a quantity_n 5._o to_o try_v whether_o the_o fluidity_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o a_o congenite_fw-la motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o it_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o it_o by_o impulse_n from_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n we_o provide_v a_o glass-bubble_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o walnut_n and_o of_o a_o pear_n like_o shape_n who_o stem_n be_v purposely_o make_v crooked_a and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o thread_n in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n contain_v in_o a_o narrow_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o oil_n continue_v fluid_a yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v freeze_v and_o when_o we_o go_v to_o take_v it_o out_o the_o bubble_n be_v crack_v the_o great_a part_n subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mixture_n but_o we_o perceive_v that_o that_o which_o be_v pull_v out_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o line_n through_o the_o middle_n from_o the_o top_n downward_o and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a in_o this_o trial_n that_o the_o two_o separable_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n for_o 14_o hour_n be_v very_o little_o waste_v the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o a_o bubble_n of_o water_n suspend_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o another_o suspend_v in_o sea-salt_n be_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o nor_o be_v another_o that_o we_o hang_v in_o a_o sharp_a brine_n but_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v another_o time_n the_o water_n be_v freeze_v both_o in_o the_o bubble_n suspend_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o in_o that_o which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o strong_a brine_n the_o bottle_n which_o contain_v the_o latter_a be_v crack_v which_o crack_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o a_o globe_n to_o the_o meridian_n reach_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bubble_n downward_o 6._o a_o bubble_n suspend_v with_o water_n in_o it_o in_o a_o glass_n immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v freeze_v without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o liquor_n title_n xv._o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v ice_n ice_n concern_v ice_n 1._o though_o in_o the_o east-indies_n it_o have_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o water_n in_o england_n shall_v without_o any_o artificial_a mean_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n yet_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o in_o russia_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v much_o hard_a than_o we_o 2._o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o ice_n we_o think_v to_o have_v try_v what_o weight_n cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o different_a diameter_n will_v bear_v but_o be_v frustrate_v in_o such_o trial_n we_o try_v how_o much_o weight_n a_o plate_n of_o it_o place_v betwixt_o two_o iron-bar_n will_v bear_v but_o have_v not_o convenient_a weight_n we_o be_v force_v to_o be_v content_a to_o know_v that_o it_o bear_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o can_v suppose_v it_o capable_a of_o 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n 3_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o about_o 4_o of_o a_o inch_n thick_o be_v lay_v across_o a_o frame_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n of_o this_o figure_n 7_o have_v a_o scale_n hang_v at_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o horizontal_a leg_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o 117_o ounce_n troy-weight_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n when_o the_o iron_n have_v melt_v half_o the_o ice_n through_o on_o one_o side_n and_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o other_o the_o weight_n be_v able_a to_o break_v it_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v when_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v 2_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o it_o bear_v 17_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o 48_o ounce_n troy-weight_n when_o the_o iron_n on_o one_o side_n have_v melt_v ⅔_n and_o on_o the_o other_o ½_n part_v of_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o 4._o plate_n of_o ice_n be_v lay_v upon_o a_o stool_n
and_o bay-salt_n strew_v on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o they_o promote_v the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n so_o much_o that_o they_o bury_v themselves_o in_o it_o but_o the_o part_n thaw_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o incorporate_v with_o and_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o we_o can_v not_o separate_v they_o without_o knock_v they_o in_o piece_n at_o another_o time_n salt_n throw_v upon_o ice_n make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o by_o a_o candle-light_n several_a steam_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v from_o they_o like_v from_o some_o hot_a liquor_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o aquafortis_n drop_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o latter_a soon_o penetrate_v but_o the_o former_a with_o more_o noise_n as_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v crack_v 5._o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n septentr_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 14_o say_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n glacies_fw-la primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la byemis_fw-la adâ—ò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la verò_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la vel_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodùm_fw-la inferius_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la hyemalibus_fw-la memorandum_n erit_fw-la but_o this_o account_n be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a because_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o shore_n this_o weight_n will_v be_v bear_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o man_n may_v be_v much_o great_a at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o more_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o side_n since_o the_o shore_n have_v there_o a_o great_a strength_n to_o support_v it_o 6._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13_o say_v that_o the_o ice_n in_o russia_n be_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o rock_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o p._n 813_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o float_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v up_o and_o thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o whether_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o accumulation_n of_o fresh_a particle_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ice_n carry_v thither_o from_o some_o fresh_a water_n i_o much_o question_n since_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v seldom_o freeze_v and_o especial_o since_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o say_v that_o the_o float_a ice_n near_o nova_n zembla_n which_o close_v up_o the_o straight_a of_o weigals_n flow_v down_o from_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesre_n and_o several_a other_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n they_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a the_o dutch_a in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 96_o foot_n high_a and_o capt._n james_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o as_o deep_a under_o water_n beside_o what_o float_v above_o and_o some_o much_o high_a and_o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o p._n 837._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 140_o fathom_n high_a as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o piece_n of_o ice_n all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o capt._n james_n who_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 1000_o pace_n long_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o concrete_a piece_n of_o ice_n mr._n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o greenland_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o by_o another_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v so_o long_o that_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o a_o indifferent_a high_a hill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o the_o french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n relate_v in_o his_o passage_n to_o canada_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n other_o as_o ship_n and_o one_o 80_o league_n long_o in_o some_o place_n plain_a and_o in_o other_o unequal_a with_o high_a mountain_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 384._o say_v neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la sueci_fw-la &_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imò_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_fw-la iisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la glacie_n concretâ_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la constructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeò_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la ampliter_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o all_o that_o not_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o sweedland_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o eastern_a region_n the_o sea_n have_v be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 19_o observe_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 775_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50_o league_n 30_o cubit_n thick_a upon_o which_o as_o much_o snow_n fall_v as_o raise_v it_o 30_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n 9_o to_o what_o instance_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v we_o shall_v add_v that_o of_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n viz._n that_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 18_o fathom_n below_o water_n and_o ten_o above_o be_v very_o blue_a the_o like_a to_o which_o capt._n james_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o virgil_n speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n say_v caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concreta_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la 10._o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ice_n be_v observe_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n to_o be_v much_o less_o compact_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o same_o and_o also_o by_o mr._n james_n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n that_o when_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v they_o make_v a_o vast_a noise_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o and_o though_o olaus_n magnus_n attribute_n the_o cleave_v of_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o warm_a exhalation_n have_v upon_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o fly_v in_o piece_n upon_o excessive_a cold._n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xv_o title_n 1._o a_o decoction_n of_o sage_n rosemary_n and_o parsley_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o distinct_a vessel_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o former_a be_v very_o rough_a juice_n of_o lemon_n freeze_v represent_v tree_n without_o leave_n 2._o hard_a ice_n beat_v and_o common_a salt_n be_v mix_v together_o afford_v white_a fume_n like_o smoke_n though_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o close_a room_n snow-water_n freeze_v in_o ice_n and_o salt_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o transparent_a and_o with_o minute_n bubble_n 3._o ice_n partly_o powder_v and_o in_o part_n gross_o beat_v be_v mix_v with_o bay-salt_n when_o the_o mixture_n be_v stir_v afford_v a_o sensible_a smoke_n which_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o mixture_n be_v more_o or_o less_o stir_v and_o float_v over_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n rather_o sink_v than_o rise_v just_a as_o the_o fume_n do_v from_o a_o cloth_n dip_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la and_o hang_v up_o to_o dry_a 4._o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o be_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n that_o he_o supply_v himself_o with_o fresh_a water_n from_o the_o ice_n by_o dig_v pit_n in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o person_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v piece_n of_o ice_n 50_o fathom_v deep_a which_o be_v not_o above_o a_o ten_o part_n above_o water_n he_o likewise_o observe_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v 22_o degree_n and_o a_o little_a time_n after_o scarce_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o he_o tell_v i_o further_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 77_o degree_n his_o ship_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n till_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n and_o the_o ice_n open_v he_o fail_v through_o it_o part_v of_o it_o pass_v along_o towards_o hudson_n strait_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o mountain_n of_o ice_n much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v near_o they_o by_o a_o storm_n the_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o quash_v that_o they_o immediate_o find_v a_o calm_a title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n snow_n what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o
snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ—_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o the_o boil_a water_n cool_v at_o ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n at_o ¼_n a_o hour_n past_o eleven_o and_o the_o like_a success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n in_o metalline_a vessel_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v with_o great_a exactness_n the_o cold_a water_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o 6_o the_o first_o beganto_n freeze_v ¼_n after_o 7_o the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o ¾_n after_o 7_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n be_v not_o freeze_v ½_n a_o hour_n after_o eight_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o water_n contain_v in_o glass-cylinders_a of_o a_o equal_a boar_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o congelation_n when_o immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n salt_n and_o water_n but_o once_o when_o the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v draw_v small_a than_o ordinary_a the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pipe_n occasion_v the_o hot_a water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o cold_a water_n postcript_n accidental_o look_v upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n i_o find_v that_o though_o that_o author_n oppose_v aristotle_n in_o other_o point_n yet_o he_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o hot_a water_n cool_v will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o ordinary_a cold_a water_n but_o have_v try_v the_o experiment_n i_o observe_v that_o both_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v when_o by_o a_o weatherglass_n i_o find_v they_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n my_o domestic_a who_o attend_v they_o take_v notice_n also_o that_o they_o both_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o one_o time_n and_o though_o berigardus_n further_o wonder_n that_o warm_a salt-water_n shall_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o freeze_v for_o be_v salt_n yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o though_o salt_n external_o apply_v promote_v it_o yet_o internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n for_o if_o either_o the_o expand_v water_n can_v have_v make_v its_o way_n by_o stretch_v the_o glass_n or_o leave_v the_o superficial_a ice_n congeal_v at_o first_o in_o the_o neck_n or_o any_o other_o way_n easy_o than_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n the_o vessel_n will_v probable_o be_v leave_v entire_a i_o say_v probable_o because_o sometime_o in_o such_o experiment_n something_o may_v intervene_v which_o require_v further_a trial_n and_o observation_n to_o discover_v since_o i_o have_v in_o other_o experiment_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n rise_v a_o considerable_a height_n in_o the_o stem_n without_o break_v the_o bottle_n and_o i_o have_v sometime_o have_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o a_o liquor_n freeze_v in_o a_o stop_a vial_n without_o break_v it_o as_o if_o the_o success_n be_v vary_a by_o some_o uncommon_a property_n in_o the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ice_n of_o wine_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o a_o butt_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n continue_v unthaw_v in_o may._n purchas_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o find_v lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v 20_o fathom_n under_o water_n and_o 12_o above_o and_o the_o other_o 18_o fathom_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o 10_o above_o it_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o purchas_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o russia_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n make_v it_o fruitful_a cold._n of_o the_o separation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n cold_a
when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o incumbent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o able_a to_o break_v it_o though_o when_o a_o man_n hand_n be_v place_v there_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v it_o till_o some_o of_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o pressure_n which_o hold_v his_o hand_n down_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o foot_n high_a but_o to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o liquid_n upon_o solid_n contain_v in_o they_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a trial_n experiment_n i_o two_o and_o iii_o have_v place_v a_o egg_n betwixt_o two_o bladder_n half_o blow_v in_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o cautious_o put_v a_o plug_n upon_o they_o with_o as_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o as_o amount_v to_o thirty_o pound_n i_o place_v they_o all_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o expand_a bladder_n must_v needs_o press_v equal_o against_o the_o egg_n and_o the_o plug_n yet_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n be_v raise_v and_o the_o egg_n when_o take_v out_o as_o whole_a as_o before_o the_o weight_n it_o sustain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n being_n not_o quite_o so_o much_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o though_o the_o egg_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v so_o much_o weight_n when_o press_v upon_o uniform_o yet_o weight_n be_v successive_o lay_v upon_o the_o same_o egg_n expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n four_o pound_n weight_n crush_v it_o in_o piece_n and_o by_o further_a trial_n we_o find_v that_o a_o eggshell_n which_o have_v all_o the_o yelk_n and_o white_n take_v out_o as_o also_o a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n be_v place_v betwixt_o two_o bladder_n as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o least_o crack_v experiment_n iu._n to_o show_v that_o what_o we_o have_v teach_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o fluids_n will_v hold_v in_o water_n as_o well_o as_o air_n if_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a we_o enclose_v a_o egg_n in_o a_o bladder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o brass_n cylinder_n we_o heap_v upon_o the_o plug_n as_o many_o weight_n as_o amount_v to_o seventy_o five_o pound_n yet_o the_o egg_n be_v take_v out_o be_v as_o find_v as_o when_o first_o put_v in_o in_o which_o instance_n it_o can_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o egg_n bear_v no_o weight_n by_o those_o that_o allow_v not_o water_n to_o gravitate_fw-la in_o water_n since_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a pressure_n make_v by_o metalline_a weight_n which_o every_o body_n allow_v to_o weigh_v in_o water_n from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o other_o before_o mention_v of_o a_o egg_n be_v break_v by_o a_o partial_a pressure_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n together_o with_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o ambient_fw-la water_n may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o divers_a feel_v no_o great_a inconveniency_n under_o water_n for_o though_o their_o thorax_n may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o compress_v than_o other_o part_n yet_o that_o part_n be_v natural_o dilate_v and_o contract_v a_o little_a pressure_n may_v make_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o diver_n that_o at_o a_o consicerable_a depth_n he_o perceive_v a_o painful_a pressure_n upon_o the_o drum_n of_o his_o ear_n till_o he_o contrive_v a_o way_n to_o guard_v they_o from_o that_o inconveniency_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o in_o that_o part_n there_o be_v not_o a_o equal_a internal_a pressure_n to_o resist_v and_o counterbalance_v the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n chap._n v._o a_o invention_n for_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n with_o ordinary_a balance_n or_o weight_n communicate_v in_o the_o pub._n transact_v of_o aug._n 16._o 1669._o a_o bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pullet_n egg_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n turn_v upon_o at_o the_o end_n be_v heat_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v most_o of_o it_o expel_v seal_v up_o and_o then_o be_v by_o a_o convenient_a weight_n of_o lead_n immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o counterpoise_v and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o with_o a_o forceps_n so_o much_o water_n get_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n as_o require_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o eight_o grain_n to_o reduce_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la which_o be_v do_v we_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n into_o another_o glass_n which_o be_v counterpose_v and_o we_o find_v that_o it_o weigh_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o grain_n which_o together_o with_o what_o be_v evaporate_v and_o lose_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o apex_n amount_v to_o the_o weight_n first_o mention_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n weight_v as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n which_o according_a to_o the_o best_a computation_n we_o can_v make_v succeed_v a_o second_o time_n in_o a_o large_a bubble_n as_o for_o the_o objection_n which_o mr._n george_n sinclair_n have_v make_v to_o this_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o author_n that_o he_o only_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o expression_n i_o shall_v wave_v what_o he_o there_o say_v as_o not_o at_o all_o requisite_a in_o this_o place_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v to_o explain_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n viz._n that_o it_o gravitates_fw-la or_o weigh_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o tend_v downward_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o specific_a weight_n though_o it_o do_v not_o preponderate_a that_o be_v the_o parcel_n of_o water_n weigh_v have_v but_o a_o equal_a tendency_n downward_o with_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n but_o upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n it_o preponderate_v as_o much_o as_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v its_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n chap._n vi_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o by_o new_a experiment_n before_o i_o proc_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o though_o i_o can_v ready_o assent_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a conclusion_n lay_v down_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n discourse_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v they_o by_o i_o must_v own_v i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o they_o since_o he_o make_v use_v of_o such_o as_o require_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v sit_v under_o water_n fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tube_n lean_v upon_o his_o thigh_n but_o he_o neither_o acquaint_v we_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o continue_v there_o or_o how_o he_o shall_v discern_v the_o alteration_n in_o the_o mercury_n or_o other_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n beside_o such_o experiment_n as_o he_o propose_v require_v tubes_fw-la twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o vessel_n as_o many_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v get_v in_o england_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o obtain_v from_o a_o tradesman_n brass_n cylinder_v or_o plugg_n make_v with_o so_o much_o mathematical_a exactness_n as_o he_o propose_v have_v therefore_o contrive_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n contain_v in_o the_o forego_n paradox_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o examine_v they_o i_o shall_v premise_v a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o way_n of_o postulatum_fw-la or_o a_o lemma_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o if_o a_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n have_v the_o low_a of_o they_o under_o water_n there_o pass_v a_o imaginary_a plain_n which_o touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o likewise_o as_o to_o sense_n to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v consonant_n second_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v even_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o this_o plain_n will_v equal_o press_v on_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o but_o three_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o this_o plain_a than_o another_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v under_o that_o stone_n will_v be_v displace_v as_o the_o stone_n subside_v successive_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o there_o be_v less_o pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a than_o on_o another_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o part_n so_o high_a till_o the_o liquor_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plain_n gravitates_fw-la equal_o as_o the_o water_n
have_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o see_v a_o fly_n in_o shape_n and_o size_n much_o like_o a_o grass-hopper_n enclose_v in_o solid_a amber_n but_o various_o and_o curious_o colour_v with_o his_o wing_n display_v and_o i_o have_v see_v white_a amethist_n in_o which_o there_o appear_v to_o be_v several_a line_n some_o of_o a_o brownish_a and_o some_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o look_v like_o hair_n some_o lie_a parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o other_o more_o incline_v and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o diamond_n be_v not_o void_a of_o particle_n of_o heterogeneous_a matter_n which_o be_v countenance_v not_o only_o by_o odd_a cloud_n which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o but_o the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o water_n the_o difference_n amount_v to_o a_o carrot_fw-la betwixt_o diamond_n of_o the_o size_n of_o two_o ordinary_a pease_n but_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o gem_n have_v be_v once_o in_o a_o fluid_a form_n it_o may_v be_v further_o allege_v that_o the_o mineral_n particle_n which_o they_o be_v so_o uniform_o tinge_v with_o be_v convince_a argument_n since_o it_o be_v inconceivable_a how_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v so_o impregnate_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v i_o shall_v further_o add_v what_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o french_a author_n viz._n that_o the_o stone_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n have_v their_o water_n colour_v by_o the_o earth_n whether_o it_o be_v fat_a and_o black_a or_o abound_v with_o black_a or_o red_a sand_n and_o in_o some_o the_o gem_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v black_a or_o yellow_a but_o though_o this_o author_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o which_o countenance_n our_o hypothesis_n yet_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o advertise_v that_o though_o he_o assert_n diamond_n to_o be_v not_o only_o the_o hard_a but_o heavy_a of_o stone_n i_o must_v yet_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o heavy_a as_o may_v be_v hydrostatical_o discover_v but_o perhaps_o against_o what_o we_o have_v say_v it_o may_v be_v urge_v first_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o these_o crystal_n be_v so_o curious_a that_o a_o plastic_a or_o seminal_a power_n seem_v requisite_a to_o the_o form_n of_o they_o which_o be_v it_o requisite_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o that_o plastic_a power_n may_v be_v lodge_v in_o fluid_a as_o well_o as_o solid_a substance_n since_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o animal_n body_n as_o well_o as_o plant_n be_v form_v of_o liquid_a substance_n but_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o these_o crystal_n may_v be_v owe_v to_o a_o apt_a convension_n and_o coalition_n of_o fluid_a particle_n may_v be_v argue_v hence_o viz._n since_o common_a salt_n by_o the_o help_n of_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n or_o of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n with_o point_n like_o diamond_n and_o not_o unlike_o native_a crystal_n in_o shape_n and_o transparency_n but_o if_o the_o quality_n or_o proportion_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v vary_a they_o will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n sometime_o of_o one_o shape_n and_o sometime_o of_o another_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fively_z figure_v and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o regular_a figure_n of_o sea-salt_n contribute_v not_o to_o such_o figuration_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissolve_v some_o stony_a stiriae_fw-la find_v in_o cave_n or_o grotto_n in_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n and_o evaporate_v the_o clear_a solution_n in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n it_o yield_v rather_o a_o coagulate_v mass_n than_o any_o thing_n like_o crystal_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o concourse_n of_o circumstance_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o consistent_a body_n make_v of_o fluid_a one_o especial_o since_o when_o i_o allow_v a_o long_a time_n for_o the_o fluid_a to_o shoot_v in_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a number_n of_o distinct_a crystal_n long_o transparent_a and_o curious_o shape_v and_o not_o only_o the_o external_a figure_n of_o crystalize_v body_n may_v be_v account_v for_o without_o he_o help_v of_o a_o plastic_a power_n but_o their_o internal_a construction_n likewise_o since_o divers_a body_n upon_o a_o slow_a coalition_n will_v form_v concretes_n some_o of_o which_o will_v consist_v of_o streak_n and_o other_o of_o flake_n as_o lump_n of_o salarmoniack_a which_o though_o a_o factitious_a body_n when_o break_v will_v appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o streak_n like_o those_o stiriae_fw-la observe_v in_o petrify_a water_n and_o i_o have_v make_v artificial_a concretes_n of_o salt_n alone_o or_o of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n as_o stone_n or_o antimony_n which_o look_v very_o like_a talk_n be_v white_a body_n make_v up_o of_o a_o multitude_n of_o streaky_a particle_n lie_v long_a way_n one_o upon_o another_o as_o in_o that_o mineral_n and_o i_o have_v not_o only_o find_v concretes_n shape_v like_o rhomhus_n or_o lozenge_n compose_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o flat_a and_o extreme_o thin_a plate_n but_o have_v imitate_v such_o by_o art_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o though_o general_o crystal_n of_o silver_n form_n flake_n seem_o simple_a like_o scale_n of_o fish_n yet_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v leisurely_o they_o be_v geometrical_o enough_o shape_v and_o make_v up_o of_o thin_a flake_n stick_v one_o to_o another_o and_o tin-glass_n which_o natural_o consist_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o shine_v and_o polish_a flake_n will_n though_o beat_v to_o powder_n and_o melt_v upon_o its_o refrigeration_n form_n several_a broad_a and_o shine_a flake_n which_o lie_v one_o upon_o another_o across_o each_o other_o at_o various_a angle_n as_o the_o matter_n happen_v in_o several_a portion_n to_o be_v various_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o some_o mixture_n of_o copper_n iron_n and_o other_o mineral_n and_o very_o conspicuous_o in_o good_a regulus_n martis_n stellatus_fw-la who_o internal_a structure_n appear_v upon_o break_v of_o it_o to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o shine_a flake_n almost_o of_o a_o specular_a polish_v and_o though_o whilst_o we_o be_v look_v on_o some_o concretes_n the_o stony_a stiriae_fw-la in_o some_o place_n have_v a_o streaky_a and_o in_o other_o a_o angular_a configuration_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v several_a of_o they_o make_v up_o of_o part_n confuse_o jumble_v together_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o due_a disposition_n in_o the_o component_n part_n to_o such_o configuration_n they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o concretes_n in_o a_o far_o short_a time_n than_o any_o one_o will_v expect_v or_o believe_v so_o that_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n be_v heat_v hot_a and_o remove_v sudden_o into_o cold_a water_n one_o may_v not_o only_o very_o easy_o but_o plain_o see_v the_o silver_n shoot_v with_o one_o naked_a eye_n but_o even_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a or_o some_o urinous_a spirit_n be_v spread_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n in_o which_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v contain_v will_v in_o less_o than_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v coagulate_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o determinate_a figure_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o afford_v it_o but_o if_o against_o these_o instance_n it_o be_v urge_v that_o though_o they_o be_v take_v from_o saline_a body_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n dispose_v to_o convene_v into_o smooth_a surface_n and_o angular_a shape_n and_o be_v easy_o wrought_v on_o by_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o mould_n or_o womb_n shall_v alter_v the_o internal_a construction_n of_o solid_a mineral_n and_o gem_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a since_o though_o tin-glass_n consist_v of_o several_a smooth_a and_o bright_a plane_n which_o sometime_o meet_v and_o sometime_o lie_v across_o each_o other_o at_o very_o different_a angle_n yet_o have_v beat_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o it_o to_o powder_n and_o when_o it_o be_v melt_v cast_v it_o into_o iron_n mould_v who_o cavity_n be_v each_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n it_o form_v a_o bullet_n which_o when_o vary_o break_v seem_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o multitude_n of_o shine_a plane_n so_o shape_v and_o place_v that_o they_o wrought_v every_o way_n like_o so_o many_o radius_n of_o a_o sphere_n tend_v from_o a_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v gradual_o to_o decrease_v as_o they_o be_v remove_v further_a and_o further_o from_o the_o circumference_n but_o if_o the_o melt_a tin-glass_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o a_o crucible_n the_o harden_a matter_n will_v form_v several_a plane_n irregular_o and_o confuse_o associate_v together_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o regulus_n of_o antimony_n it_o succeed_v though_o not_o so_o uniform_o as_o with_o tin-glass_n
as_o not_o to_o affect_v any_o one_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o consequent_o may_v continue_v a_o atmosphere_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v able_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o forestus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o pestilential_a contagion_n that_o be_v a_o long_a time_n preserve_v in_o a_o cobweb_n and_o alexander_n benedictus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o flock-bed_n which_o when_o several_a year_n after_o the_o plague_n it_o be_v beat_v it_o present_o infect_v the_o bystander_n and_o sennertus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o vratislavia_n in_o six_o month_n six_o thousand_o man_n dye_v of_o the_o plague_n and_o that_o from_o that_o time_n the_o infection_n be_v preserve_v in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n and_o be_v display_v in_o another_o place_n 13_o year_n after_o it_o infect_v that_o place_n likewise_o and_o trincavella_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o infection_n be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rope_n by_o which_o dead_a person_n be_v let_v down_o into_o their_o grave_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o by_o diemerbroeck_n who_o acquaint_v we_o that_o a_o apothecary_n of_o he_o turn_v over_o some_o straw_n upon_o which_o a_o bed_n have_v lie_v which_o hold_v a_o infect_a person_n the_o steam_n immediate_o cause_v blister_n upon_o his_o leg_n and_o a_o carbuncle_n which_o be_v a_o fortnight_n in_o heal_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v a_o pair_n of_o spanish_a perfume_v glove_n which_o have_v continue_v their_o scent_n about_o thirty_o year_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o box._fw-la chap._n v._o of_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n though_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v minute_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n effluvium_n o_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n yet_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o they_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n i._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a number_n ii_o their_o penetrate_a nature_n iii_o the_o celerity_n and_o modification_n of_o their_o motion_n iv_o the_o congruity_n of_o their_o bulk_n and_o shape_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v to_o act_v upon_o v._o the_o motion_n of_o one_o part_n of_o a_o body_n which_o they_o cause_v to_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o iv_o their_o aptitude_n to_o cause_v themselves_o to_o be_v assist_v by_o more_o catholic_n agent_n though_o they_o may_v perform_v several_a thing_n considerable_a upon_o these_o account_n yet_o sometime_o two_o or_o three_o or_o more_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o same_o effect_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n be_v very_a minute_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v follow_v they_o must_v be_v numerous_a and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a agent_n when_o they_o act_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la unius_fw-la may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n be_v evident_a since_o inundation_n of_o whole_a country_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n when_o drop_n fall_v in_o multitude_n and_o aggregate_n of_o small_a sand_n not_o only_o bind_v the_o sea_n but_o form_n banks_n upon_o which_o the_o great_a ship_n be_v sometime_o split_v and_o though_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o single_a grain_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v immaterial_a yet_o prodigious_a thing_n may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o though_o vapour_n be_v make_v up_o of_o very_a small_a particle_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v inactive_a yet_o in_o moist_a wether_n they_o cause_v salt_n to_o melt_v wood_n to_o swell_v and_o viol-string_n if_o they_o be_v stretch_v too_o much_o to_o break_v and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o a_o new_o white_v room_n be_v so_o offensive_a that_o people_n who_o sleep_v in_o such_o place_n have_v be_v find_v dead_a in_o the_o morning_n be_v suffocate_v with_o those_o fume_n and_o though_o the_o vapour_n which_o can_v issue_v out_o of_o such_o body_n at_o once_o can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o effect_n yet_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o they_o continual_o succeed_v each_o other_o as_o wind_z out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n their_o number_n and_o minuteness_n may_v enable_v they_o to_o cause_v considerable_a effect_n and_o that_o the_o subtlety_n and_o penetrate_a nature_n of_o effluvia_fw-la contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v since_o good_a aquafortis_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o penetrate_v as_o in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o pervade_v the_o cork_n with_o which_o the_o bottle_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v stop_v and_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o pap._n and_o run_v mercury_n have_v be_v find_v in_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o mercureal_a fume_n and_o in_o the_o laboratory_n of_o chemist_n the_o steam_n of_o sulphur_n antimony_n arsenic_n etc._n etc._n make_v those_o stagger_v that_o less_o cautious_o unlute_v the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v sublime_v or_o distil_v to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o infectious_a steam_n in_o the_o plague_n which_o sudden_o infect_v the_o internal_a part_n and_o likewise_o the_o sudden_a effect_n of_o a_o torpedo_n and_o i_o prepare_v a_o sal-armoniac_a so_o powerful_a that_o it_o restore_v a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a to_o one_o that_o have_v lose_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n which_o virtue_n it_o have_v beside_o those_o more_o common_a one_o of_o affect_v the_o eye_n mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o water_n assist_v by_o warmth_n be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o solid_a body_n so_o that_o by_o philosophical_a calcination_n solid_a piece_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v so_o friable_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o powder_n only_o by_o be_v hang_v over_o the_o steam_n of_o distil_a water_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o under_o several_a place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o dew_n be_v so_o penetrate_v that_o it_o cause_v knife_n to_o rust_v in_o their_o sheath_n and_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n and_o even_o watch_v in_o their_o case_n and_o in_o england_n i_o have_v know_v hard_a body_n become_v friable_a by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o vapour_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a and_o mineral_n body_n burst_v by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o effluvium_n and_o that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o minute_n body_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la flame_n whirlwind_n and_o wind_n and_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o those_o odoriferous_a steam_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o affect_v our_o nostril_n be_v in_o too_o languid_a a_o motion_n till_o enable_v to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o powerful_o by_o run_v through_o the_o nostril_n in_o a_o stream_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o setting-dog_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v much_o more_o affect_v with_o a_o scent_n when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o scent_n towards_o their_o nostril_n than_o when_o it_o come_v the_o contrary_a way_n the_o current_n of_o the_o wind_n cause_v the_o odoriferous_a steam_n to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o brisk_o and_o electrical_a body_n exert_v that_o faculty_n more_o strong_o after_o attrition_n the_o emission_n of_o their_o electrical_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v excite_v and_o the_o learned_a faber_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o hare_n be_v suspend_v near_o a_o electrick_n when_o the_o effluvium_n be_v too_o brisk_o agitate_a it_o will_v not_o be_v attract_v but_o drive_v away_o from_o it_o and_o i_o know_v a_o certain_a substance_n make_v by_o distillation_n who_o smell_n in_o the_o cold_a be_v very_o inoffensive_a but_o when_o it_o be_v warm_a it_o emit_v steam_n more_o strong_a and_o penetrate_a than_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a substance_n stink_v egregious_o when_o excite_v to_o emit_v their_o effluvia_fw-la by_o attrition_n and_o as_o celerity_n of_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o subtle_a body_n so_o do_v the_o different_a modification_n of_o that_o motion_n for_o as_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o javelin_n have_v different_a effect_n when_o they_o fly_v with_o one_o end_n first_o from_o what_o they_o have_v when_o they_o twirl_v round_o with_o a_o certain_a rotation_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a determination_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n and_o that_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n they_o
that_o effect_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o be_v observe_v about_o the_o cease_n of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cayro_n in_o egypt_n but_o enough_o of_o that_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v here_o that_o i_o have_v make_v a_o stain_n upon_o a_o body_n by_o the_o invisible_a steam_n and_o effluvia_fw-la of_o another_o cold_a body_n i_o alter_v the_o colour_n of_o that_o stain_v by_o the_o invisible_a and_o cold_a steam_n of_o a_o three_o and_o to_o countenance_v my_o conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o meteor_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a citation_n from_o agricola_n who_o have_v mention_v out_o of_o ancient_a historian_n the_o rain_v of_o white_a and_o red_a liquor_n subjoin_v ut_fw-la autem_fw-la majorem_fw-la fidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la analium_fw-la monumentis_fw-la facit_fw-la res_fw-la res_fw-la illa_fw-la decantata_fw-la quae_fw-la patrium_fw-la memoria_fw-la in_o suaevia_n accidit_fw-la aer_fw-la enim_fw-la ille_fw-la stillavit_fw-la guttas_fw-la quae_fw-la lineas_fw-la vestes_fw-la crucibus_fw-la rubris_fw-la quasi_fw-la sanguineis_fw-la imbuebant_fw-la and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o subterraneal_a salt_n bituman_n and_o sulphur_n may_v be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n if_o so_o fix_v a_o body_n as_o common_a earth_n may_v which_o the_o new_o cite_a author_n testify_v and_o that_o the_o odoriferous_a particle_n of_o plant_n reserve_v their_o determinate_a nature_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o imagine_v may_v appear_v since_o one_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n give_v not_o only_o a_o taste_n to_o 14000_o time_n its_o bulk_n of_o water_n but_o withal_o diffuse_v a_o great_a number_n of_o odoriferous_a particle_n through_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n the_o last_o way_n we_o shall_v mention_v to_o evince_v the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n be_v from_o their_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n as_o the_o stupify_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o fish_n amoreatim_o mention_v by_o piso_n the_o effect_n of_o opium_n and_o hypnotick_n upon_o a_o boy_n who_o whilst_o he_o be_v distil_v they_o cast_v he_o into_o a_o sleep_n and_o the_o root_n and_o juice_n of_o mandragora_n be_v say_v to_o cast_v those_o that_o take_v it_o into_o a_o deep_a sopor_fw-la like_o a_o lethargy_n and_o levinus_n lemnius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n be_v lay_v in_o his_o study_n make_v he_o so_o sleepy_a that_o he_o can_v scarce_o recover_v himself_o aurelaeus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o poison_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n have_v be_v convey_v to_o one_o in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la and_o calius_n aurelianus_n acquaint_v we_o that_o some_o have_v become_v mad_a by_o be_v wound_v only_o by_o the_o claw_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n and_o that_o one_o fall_v into_o a_o hydrophobia_n solo_fw-la odour_n ex_fw-la rabido_fw-la cane_n attracto_fw-la and_o matthiolus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o be_v poison_v only_o by_o put_v his_o hand_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mad_a dog_n without_o be_v bit_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o sennertus_n relate_v that_o a_o painter_n have_v open_v a_o box_n in_o which_o realgar_n have_v be_v contain_v the_o fume_n be_v snuss_v up_o his_o nostril_n present_o cause_v a_o giddiness_n in_o his_o head_n and_o faint_a fi_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o several_a have_v be_v purge_v by_o the_o smell_n of_o black_a hellebore_n and_o as_o sennertus_n witness_n by_o the_o odour_n of_o coloquintida_n and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n which_o purge_v when_o only_o external_o apply_v and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o approve_a writer_n that_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o wallnut-tree_n with_o the_o leave_n on_o it_o be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o head_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o bird_n will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o light_v upon_o those_o poisonous_a tree_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n call_v the_o manchinello-tree_n and_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o safe_a for_o man_n to_o eat_v of_o fruit_n find_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o bird_n have_v be_v peck_v at_o they_o before_o and_o nicolaus_n florentinus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o draw_v into_o his_o nostril_n the_o smoke_n of_o a_o burn_a spider_n he_o be_v much_o disorder_v and_o fall_v into_o a_o faint_a fit_a and_o be_v much_o disorder_v about_o the_o heart_n his_o pulse_n be_v likewise_o weak_a though_o after_o he_o be_v cure_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o treacle_n diamosc_n and_o the_o powder_n of_o zedoary_a and_o i_o see_v a_o berry_n call_v maccu-buy_a in_o ireland_n which_o be_v pound_v in_o a_o mortar_n cause_v the_o head_n and_o face_n of_o one_o that_o stand_v hard_o by_o to_o swell_v enormous_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o amber_n musk_n civet_n etc._n etc._n will_v communicate_v a_o perfume_n to_o glove_n though_o at_o a_o distance_n off_o they_o and_o contagious_a distemper_n as_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o measles_n may_v not_o only_o be_v communicate_v by_o immediate_a contact_n but_o by_o steam_n which_o issue_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sick_a person_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v shut_v up_o a_o ounce_n of_o a_o volatile_a tincture_n of_o sulphur_n in_o a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v at_o least_o twice_o as_o much_o and_o have_v place_v a_o paper_n at_o some_o distance_n and_o unstop_v the_o vial_n the_o spread_a fume_n present_o cause_v what_o be_v write_v with_o invisible_a ink_n to_o become_v legible_a and_o so_o will_v several_a letter_n write_v with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n some_o of_o they_o be_v more_o and_o other_o less_o black_a according_a to_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o smoke_a liquor_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o when_o the_o paper_n thus_o write_v upon_o be_v hold_v over_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n though_o the_o letter_n be_v on_o the_o upper_a side_n yet_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o become_v legible_a and_o as_o in_o some_o case_n this_o smoke_a liquor_n with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n will_v produce_v a_o precipitate_v of_o a_o silver_n colour_n so_o in_o some_o of_o the_o colourless_a ink_n we_o find_v the_o like_a colour_n and_o i_o have_v perform_v the_o like_a with_o a_o couple_n of_o liquor_n wherein_o be_v neither_o sulphur_n nor_o sal-armoniac_a nor_o sublimate_n and_o as_o a_o far_a proof_n of_o the_o great_a penetrancy_n of_o effluvium_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v a_o paper_n which_o be_v write_v on_o with_o this_o invisible_a ink_n betwixt_o six_o fold_n of_o paper_n these_o fume_n penetrate_v it_o in_o ten_o minute_n and_o turn_v the_o ink_n black_a and_o another_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o ink_v paper_n be_v place_v betwixt_o the_o leave_n of_o a_o book_n the_o steam_v penetrate_v twelve_o in_o three_o minute_n and_o turn_v the_o ink_n blackish_a chap._n vii_o of_o the_o porousness_n of_o solid_a body_n solid_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o solid_n that_o even_o solid_a body_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o pore_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v because_o most_o solid_a body_n as_o gem_n etc._n etc._n have_v once_o be_v in_o fluid_a form_n and_o since_o fluid_n be_v general_o make_v up_o of_o particle_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n and_o shape_n they_o must_v needs_o leave_v some_o pore_n betwixt_o they_o another_o reason_n why_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v most_o body_n porous_a be_v their_o specific_a gravity_n which_o will_v not_o vary_v be_v the_o part_n of_o they_o equal_o compress_v and_o close_v together_o but_o since_o copper_n be_v heavy_a than_o iron_n and_o gold_n as_o nineteen_o to_o one_o to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o copper_n only_o as_o nine_o to_o one_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o iron_n possess_v as_o much_o space_n again_o as_o gold_n and_o more_o and_o though_o hardness_n be_v urge_v by_o some_o as_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o substance_n be_v condense_v yet_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o though_o diamond_n be_v the_o hard_a body_n they_o be_v far_o from_o be_v the_o heavy_a which_o be_v the_o only_a sign_n whether_o they_o be_v condense_v or_o not_o and_o since_o metal_n themselves_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o coalition_n of_o several_a part_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v so_o physical_o adapt_v as_o total_o implere_fw-la spatium_fw-la since_o be_v cube_n make_v of_o marble_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o every_o where_o to_o be_v contiguous_a since_o the_o body_n employ_v to_o polish_v they_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v little_a furrow_n upon_o they_o and_o consequent_o leave_v little_a