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water_n author_n earth_n zone_n 20 3 12.7408 5 false
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A65672 A new theory of the earth, from its original to the consummation of all things wherein the creation of the world in six days, the universal deluge, and the general conflagration, as laid down in the Holy Scriptures, are shewn to be perfectly agreeable to reason and philosophy : with a large introductory discourse concerning the genuine nature, stile, and extent of the Mosaick history of the creation / by William Whiston ... Whiston, William, 1667-1752. 1696 (1696) Wing W1696; ESTC R20397 280,059 488

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several_a sea_n chart_n relate_v thereto_o may_v easy_o be_v observe_v lxix_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v situate_a at_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a continent_n very_o few_o appear_v near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n this_o the_o bare_a inspection_n into_o a_o map_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n will_v soon_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o lxx_o the_o age_n of_o man_n decrease_v about_o one_o half_a present_o after_o the_o deluge_n and_o in_o the_o succeed_a eight_o hundred_o or_o nine_o hundred_o year_n be_v gradual_o reduce_v to_o that_o standard_n at_o which_o they_o have_v stand_v ever_o since_o this_o the_o follow_a table_n will_v easy_o evince_v age_n of_o the_o antediluvian_o in_o their_o year_n age_n of_o the_o postdiluvian_o in_o the_o present_a year_n adam_n 930_o noah_n 950_o 26._o seth_n 912_o sem_fw-mi 600_o enos_n 905_o arphaxad_n 438_o cainan_n 910_o salah_n 433_o mahalaleel_n 895_o heber_n 464_o jared_n 962_o phaleg_n 239_o enoch_n translate_v 365_o reu_fw-fr 239_o methuselah_n 969_o serug_v 230_o lamech_v 777_o nahor_n 148_o noah_n 950_o terah_n 205_o sem_fw-mi 600_o abraham_n 175_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr isaac_n 180_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr jacob_n 147_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr joseph_n 110_o the_o day_n of_o our_o year_n be_v threescore_o year_n and_o ten_o 10._o and_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o strength_n they_o be_v fourscore_o year_n yet_o be_v their_o strength_n labour_n and_o sorrow_n for_o it_o be_v soon_o cut_v off_o and_o we_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o day_n of_o moses_n lxxi_o our_o upper_a earth_n for_o a_o considerable_a depth_n even_o as_o far_o as_o we_o common_o penetrate_v into_o it_o be_v factitious_a or_o new_o acquire_v at_o the_o deluge_n the_o ancient_a one_o have_v be_v cover_v by_o fresh_a strata_n or_o layer_n of_o earth_n at_o that_o time_n and_o thereby_o spoil_v or_o destroy_v as_o to_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n i_o will_v destroy_v they_o with_o the_o earth_n 11._o neither_o shall_v there_o any_o more_o be_v a_o flood_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o destroy_v corrupt_a or_o spoil_v the_o earth_n this_o be_v moreover_o evident_a by_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n bones_o of_o animal_n entire_a or_o partial_a vegetable_n bury_v at_o the_o deluge_n and_o enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n and_o of_o its_o most_o solid_a and_o compact_a body_n to_o be_v common_o see_v at_o this_o day_n who_o truth_n be_v attest_v not_o only_o by_o very_o many_o occasional_a remark_n of_o other_o but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o careful_a and_o numerous_a observation_n of_o a_o eye-witness_n the_o learned_a dr._n woodward_n it_o be_v true_a essay_n this_o excellent_a author_n be_v force_v to_o imagine_v passim_fw-la and_o according_o to_o assert_v that_o the_o ancient_a earth_n be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o deluge_n and_o all_o its_o part_n separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a thus_o dissolve_v and_o separate_v take_v up_o into_o the_o water_n which_o then_o cover_v the_o earth_n till_o at_o last_o they_o together_o settle_v downward_o and_o with_o the_o forementioned_a shell_n bone_n and_o vegetable_n enclose_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n compose_v again_o that_o earth_n on_o which_o we_o now_o live_v but_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v so_o strange_a and_o so_o miraculous_a in_o all_o its_o part_n it_o be_v so_o whole_o different_a from_o the_o natural_a series_n of_o the_o mosaic_a history_n of_o the_o deluge_n take_v so_o little_a notice_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n the_o principal_a cause_n thereof_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o mutual_a attraction_n and_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o body_n account_n for_o so_o few_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n fix_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n for_o its_o commence_v so_o different_a from_o the_o truth_n imply_v such_o a_o sort_n of_o new_a formation_n or_o creation_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o deluge_n without_o warrant_n for_o the_o same_o be_v in_o some_o thing_n so_o little_o consistent_a with_o the_o mosaic_a relation_n and_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o much_o more_o than_o his_o observation_n require_v that_o i_o can_v but_o dissent_v from_o this_o particular_a hypothesis_n though_o i_o so_o just_o honour_v the_o author_n and_o so_o high_o esteem_v and_o frequent_o refer_v to_o the_o work_n itself_o all_o that_o i_o shall_v say_v far_o be_v this_o that_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o interior_a earth_n by_o this_o author_n so_o exact_o observe_v be_v on_o the_o common_a ground_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o have_v be_v pure_a without_o any_o other_o mixture_n so_o unaccountable_a and_o yet_o so_o remarkable_a and_o evident_a that_o if_o no_o other_o rational_a solution_n can_v be_v offer_v it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o necessary_a to_o admit_v whatever_o be_v assert_v by_o this_o author_n rather_o than_o deny_v the_o reality_n of_o those_o phaenomena_n or_o ascribe_v the_o plain_a remain_v of_o the_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a kingdom_n to_o the_o sport_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o such_o odd_a and_o chimaerical_a occasion_n as_o some_o person_n be_v inclinable_a to_o do_v but_o withal_o i_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o say_v and_o the_o author_n himself_o will_v not_o disagree_v that_o his_o hypothesis_n include_v thing_n so_o strange_a wonderful_a and_o surprise_v that_o nothing_o but_o the_o 82._o utmost_a necessity_n and_o the_o perfect_a unaccountableness_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n without_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v the_o belief_n and_o introduction_n of_o it_o which_o strait_n that_o account_n of_o the_o deluge_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o not_o force_v i_o into_o as_o will_v appear_v hereafter_o i_o have_v i_o think_v but_o just_a reason_n for_o my_o disbelief_n thereof_o and_o as_o just_a or_o rather_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o embrace_v that_o assertion_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o that_o this_o upper_a earth_n as_o far_o as_o any_o shell_n bone_n or_o vegetable_n be_v find_v therein_o be_v adventitious_a and_o new_o acquire_v at_o the_o deluge_n and_o not_o only_o the_o old_a one_o dissolve_v and_o resettled_a in_o its_o ancient_a place_n again_o lxxii_o this_o factitious_a crust_n be_v universal_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o plain_n and_o valley_n and_o that_o in_o all_o the_o know_a climate_n and_o region_n of_o the_o world_n this_o be_v full_o attest_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o 7._o the_o same_o author_n and_o those_o which_o he_o procure_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n conspire_v together_o lxxiii_o the_o part_n of_o the_o present_a upper_a strata_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o water_n cover_v the_o earth_n loose_a separate_z divide_v and_o float_v in_o the_o water_n among_o one_o another_o uncertain_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o author_n observation_n 74._o lxxiv_o all_o this_o heterogeneous_a mass_n thus_o float_v in_o the_o water_n by_o degree_n descend_v downward_o and_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n pretty_a near_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o specific_a gravity_n and_o there_o compose_v those_o several_a strata_n or_o layer_n of_o which_o our_o present_a upper_a earth_n do_v consist_v this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o observation_n 75._o lxxv_o vast_a multitude_n of_o fish_n belong_v both_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o river_n perish_v at_o the_o deluge_n and_o their_o shell_n be_v bury_v among_o the_o other_o body_n or_o mass_n which_o subside_v down_o and_o compose_v the_o layer_n of_o our_o upper_a earth_n this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o observation_n 77._o lxxvi_o the_o same_o law_n of_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o subsidence_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n they_o then_o sink_v together_o with_o and_o according_o be_v now_o find_v enclose_v among_o those_o strata_n or_o body_n which_o be_v near_o of_o their_o own_o several_a specific_a gravity_n the_o heavy_a shell_n be_v consequent_o still_o enclose_v among_o the_o heavy_a strata_n and_o the_o light_a shell_n among_o the_o light_a strata_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o our_o present_a earth_n this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o observation_n 77._o lxxvii_o the_o strata_n of_o marble_n of_o stone_n and_o of_o all_o other_o solid_a body_n attain_v their_o solidity_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o sand_n or_o other_o matter_n whereof_o they_o consist_v be_v arrive_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o well_o settle_v there_o and_o all_o those_o strata_n which_o be_v solid_a at_o this_o day_n have_v be_v so_o ever_o since_o that_o time_n this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o observation_n 79._o lxxviii_o these_o strata_n
the_o ancient_a earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o usual_a and_o so_o may_v by_o a_o violent_a rarefaction_n or_o explosion_n burst_v through_o the_o upper_a crust_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o fissure_v little_a hill_n cavern_n grotto_n and_o inequality_n which_o dr._n woodward_n observation_n require_v and_o this_o proposition_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o case_n therefore_o the_o particular_a and_o distinct_a consideration_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n must_v determine_v and_o arbitrate_v between_o the_o former_a more_o natural_a and_o gentle_a and_o this_o latter_a more_o violent_a and_o extraordinary_a method_n of_o account_v for_o the_o present_a face_n of_o nature_n upon_o and_o within_o the_o earth_n lxxix_o great_a number_n of_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetable_n be_v also_o at_o this_o subsidence_n of_o the_o mass_n aforesaid_a bury_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o very_a often_o as_o will_v not_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v lodge_v 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will_v lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o rot_v away_o and_o disappear_v but_o if_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o the_o heavy_a strata_n or_o of_o metallick_n or_o mineral_n matter_n as_o will_v sometime_o happen_v adhere_v to_o they_o they_o will_v sink_v low_a and_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n either_o near_a to_o or_o far_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o own_o growth_n according_a as_o the_o billow_n and_o storm_n happen_v to_o dispose_v of_o they_o all_o which_o change_n and_o dislocation_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o surface_n with_o their_o fruit_n and_o plant_n may_v leave_v once_o fertile_a country_n bare_a and_o barren_a and_o lodge_v such_o vegetable_n in_o other_o which_o of_o themselves_o before_o the_o new_a sediment_n much_o more_o since_o the_o same_o be_v whole_o incapable_a of_o such_o production_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o proposition_n before_o we_o lxxx_o it_o appear_v from_o all_o the_o token_n 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be_v in_o his_o kind_n and_o free_a letter_n in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n about_o they_o the_o fossil_n plant_n be_v very_o numerous_a and_o various_a and_o some_o of_o they_o entire_a and_o well_o preserve_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o many_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o those_o now_o grow_v on_o our_o hill_n wood_n meadow_n heath_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o of_o the_o water-plant_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o lake_n rivers_n and_o the_o sea_n which_o testimony_n be_v a_o peculiar_a confirmation_n of_o the_o present_a hypothesis_n corollary_n hence_o the_o ancient_a year_n begin_v at_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n and_o the_o consequent_a commence_v of_o the_o deluge_n the_o seventeen_o day_n of_o the_o second_o month_n from_o thence_o and_o from_o the_o spring_n be_v evidence_v by_o this_o very_a observation_n which_o dr._n woodward_n the_o author_n thereof_o suppose_n will_v prove_v the_o contrary_n so_o that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n commence_v assign_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n appear_v at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v both_o by_o the_o scripture_n by_o the_o ancient_n by_o astronomy_n by_o geography_n and_o by_o natural_a observation_n and_o be_v consequent_o by_o so_o very_o remarkable_a a_o concurrence_n and_o correspondence_n of_o they_o all_o put_v beyond_o any_o reasonable_a doubt_n or_o scruple_n lxxxi_o all_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n among_o the_o strata_n of_o our_o upper_a earth_n owe_v their_o present_a frame_n and_o order_n to_o the_o deluge_n be_v repose_v therein_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o water_n cover_v the_o earth_n or_o during_o the_o subsidence_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a mass._n lxxxi_o this_o can_v have_v no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o see_v our_o upper_a earth_n be_v factitious_a and_o compose_v of_o the_o foresay_a sediment_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o include_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n as_o well_o as_o other_o will_v alike_o afford_v every_o one_o those_o place_n which_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o possess_v lxxxii_o these_o metal_n and_o mineral_n appear_v different_o in_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o different_a manner_n of_o their_o first_o lodgement_n for_o sometime_o they_o be_v in_o loose_a and_o small_a particle_n uncertain_o enclose_v among_o such_o mass_n as_o they_o chance_v to_o fall_v down_o withal_o at_o other_o time_n some_o of_o their_o corpuscle_n happen_v to_o occur_v and_o meet_v together_o affix_v to_o each_o other_o and_o several_a convening_n anit_a and_o combine_v into_o one_o mass_n form_v those_o metallick_n and_o mineral_n ball_n or_o nodule_n which_o be_v now_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o according_a as_o the_o corpuscle_n chance_v to_o be_v all_o of_o a_o kind_n or_o otherwise_o so_o the_o mass_n be_v more_o or_o less_o simple_a pure_a and_o homogeneous_a and_o according_a as_o other_o body_n bone_n tooth_n shell_n of_o fish_n or_o the_o like_a happen_v to_o come_v in_o their_o way_n 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probable_a also_o which_o be_v i_o think_v abundant_o sufficient_a to_o clear_v this_o matter_n lxxxix_o since_o the_o deluge_n there_o neither_o have_v be_v nor_o will_v be_v any_o great_a and_o general_a change_n in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n till_o the_o time_n when_o a_o period_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o nature_n lxxxix_o see_v we_o know_v no_o other_o natural_a cause_n that_o can_v produce_v any_o great_a and_o general_a change_n in_o our_o sublunary_a world_n but_o such_o body_n as_o can_v approach_v to_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o other_o word_n but_o comet_n and_o see_v withal_o the_o next_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n will_n in_o probability_n bring_v the_o present_a state_n of_o thing_n to_o a_o conclusion_n and_o burn_v the_o world_n of_o which_o present_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o earth_n be_v secure_a enough_o all_o the_o intermediate_v space_n and_o as_o hitherto_o we_o according_o find_v it_o have_v be_v so_o we_o need_v not_o fear_v 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no_o wind_n to_o collect_v they_o where_o the_o climate_n preserve_v their_o own_o proper_a temperature_n no_o storm_n must_v have_v hurry_v the_o air_n from_o cold_a to_o hot_a or_o from_o hot_a to_o cold_a region_n where_o be_v no_o rainbow_n there_o must_v have_v be_v no_o drive_v together_o the_o separate_a vapour_n into_o large_a globule_n or_o round_a drop_n of_o rain_n the_o immediate_a requisite_a thereto_o this_o be_v also_o high_o probable_a by_o infrà_fw-la reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a tranquillity_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o first_o five_o entire_a month_n of_o the_o deluge_n as_o will_v be_v prove_v anon_o which_o be_v scarce_o supposable_a if_o storm_n and_o tempest_n be_v usual_a before_o xl._o the_o antediluvian_n air_n have_v no_o rainbow_n as_o the_o present_a so_o frequent_o have_v god_n say_v after_o the_o deluge_n this_o be_v the_o token_n 17._o of_o the_o covenant_n which_o i_o make_v between_o i_o and_o you_o and_o every_o live_a creature_n that_o be_v 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of_o the_o present_a great_a continent_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v so_o natural_o and_o exact_o account_v for_o at_o the_o deluge_n that_o when_o that_o be_v understand_v there_o will_v remain_v to_o those_o who_o be_v satissy_v with_o the_o other_o conclusion_n small_a reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o before_o we_o 5._o the_o testimony_n of_o josephus_n if_o the_o theorist_n hit_v upon_o 280._o his_o true_a sense_n be_v agreeable_a who_o say_v at_o the_o deluge_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d change_v the_o continent_n into_o sea_n chap._n iu._n phaenomena_n relate_v to_o the_o universal_a deluge_n and_o its_o effect_n upon_o the_o earth_n xliv_o in_o the_o seventeen_o century_n from_o the_o creation_n there_o happen_v a_o most_o extraordinary_a and_o prodigious_a deluge_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n this_o general_a assertion_n be_v not_o only_o attest_v by_o a_o large_a and_o special_a account_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sacred_a write_n but_o by_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n of_o all_o nation_n beside_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o author_n quote_v in_o the_o margin_n suprà_fw-la and_o be_v put_v moreover_o past_a doubt_n by_o dr._n woodward_n 7._o natural_a observation_n 2._o xlv_o this_o prodigious_a deluge_n of_o water_n be_v main_o occasion_v by_o a_o most_o extraordinary_a and_o violent_a rain_n for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n and_o as_o many_o night_n without_o intermission_n yet_o seven_o day_n and_o i_o will_v cause_v it_o to_o rain_v upon_o the_o 4._o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o the_o rain_n 12._o be_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n and_o the_o flood_n be_v forty_o day_n upon_o the_o earth_n 17._o xlvi_o this_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o sea_n as_o rains_n constant_o now_o be_v but_o from_o some_o other_o superior_a and_o celestial_a original_a this_o be_v evident_a because_o 1._o the_o antediluvian_n air_n as_o be_v before_o prove_v never_o retain_v great_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n or_o sustain_v any_o cloud_n capable_a of_o produce_v such_o considerable_a and_o so_o last_a rain_n as_o this_o most_o certain_o be_v 2._o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n on_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o ocean_n as_o we_o see_v just_a now_o be_v very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o at_o present_a and_o so_o can_v contribute_v very_o little_a towards_o the_o deluge_n 3._o if_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v then_o be_v as_o great_a as_o now_o and_o have_v all_o be_v elevate_v into_o vapour_n and_o descend_v on_o the_o dry-land_n alone_o it_o be_v much_o too_o small_a to_o 2._o cause_v such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o be_v 4._o but_o because_o if_o the_o