vessel_n be_v first_o sensible_a of_o cold_a or_o heat_n by_o shrink_v or_o enlarge_n itself_o also_o first_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o phenomenon_n of_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v as_o it_o become_v more_o straight_o or_o large_a to_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o not_o vitiate_a by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la this_o opinion_n be_v render_v more_o probable_a to_o we_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n prove_v that_o in_o the_o instant_a that_o the_o external_n heat_v or_o cold_a dilate_v or_o contract_v the_o vessel_n yet_o than_o the_o natural_a temperament_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v unaltered_a smalto_n we_o include_v in_o a_o globe_n of_o glass_n fill_v with_o water_n several_a small_a bubble_n of_o colour_a glass_n empty_a and_o seal_v hermetical_o these_o be_v all_o near_a the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o air_n they_o have_v in_o they_o whence_o the_o floater_n upon_o the_o top_n 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so_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o burn_v it_o out_o the_o three_o experiment_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o many_o difficulty_n we_o encounter_v in_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v these_o proportion_n by_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cilinder_n upon_o the_o same_o basis_n and_o a_o metalline_a tube_n we_o betake_v ourselves_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n of_o weight_n this_o we_o try_v with_o a_o transparent_a glass_n cane_n and_o weigh_v the_o water_n put_v therein_o to_o freeze_v and_o afterward_o as_o much_o ice_n as_o fill_v that_o same_o space_n in_o the_o cane_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o turn_v with_o the_o 1_o 48_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o proportion_n be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o 25_o to_o 28_o 1_o 19_o little_o less_o than_o that_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n of_o measure_n which_o be_v as_o 8_o to_o 9_o the_o same_o as_o 25_o to_o 28_o â…›_n find_v so_o great_a a_o agreement_n in_o the_o proportion_n not_o to_o flatter_v ourselves_o with_o this_o 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the_o motion_n thereof_o by_o view_v its_o superficies_n we_o know_v before_o as_o indeed_o few_o be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o from_o the_o first_o application_n of_o cold_a it_o contract_v all_o liquor_n lessen_v their_o bulk_n and_o this_o we_o find_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la of_o the_o thermometer_n but_o also_o we_o have_v often_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o fair_a water_n oil_n mercury_n and_o many_o other_o fluid_n on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o water_n pass_v from_o a_o simple_a coldness_n to_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o receive_v consistency_n and_o firmness_n by_o glaciation_n do_v not_o only_o return_v to_o its_o first_o bulk_n but_o so_o far_o exceed_v it_o as_o to_o burst_v vessel_n of_o glass_n and_o metal_n with_o great_a violence_n but_o we_o be_v yet_o ignorant_a what_o period_n these_o several_a alteration_n produce_v by_o cold_a observe_v neither_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o attain_v 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observe_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n a_o little_a rise_n but_o very_o quick_a which_o soon_o subside_v it_o fall_v in_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o motion_n regular_a enough_o and_o a_o moderate_a velocity_n retire_v to_o the_o ball_n till_o arrive_v at_o a_o certain_a degree_n it_o stop_v for_o some_o time_n as_o far_o as_o our_o eye_n can_v judge_v immovable_a then_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o emount_v but_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n and_o apparent_o equal_a and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a without_o any_o proportionate_a acceleration_n it_o fly_v up_o with_o a_o furious_a spring_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v it_o any_o long_o with_o the_o eye_n instantaneous_o run_v through_o the_o decade_n of_o degree_n and_o as_o this_o fury_n begin_v of_o a_o sudden_a so_o of_o a_o sudden_a it_o cease_v change_v from_o that_o great_a swiftness_n to_o a_o movement_n though_o very_o fast_o yet_o incomparable_o less_o swift_a than_o the_o precedent_n 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they_o do_v not_o still_o every_o time_n rise_v to_o the_o same_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o neck_n we_o begin_v to_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o fix_a period_n for_o which_o it_o seem_v we_o have_v some_o reason_n at_o last_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o often_o repeat_v these_o experiment_n we_o by_o chance_n let_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v in_o the_o neck_n first_o of_o which_o we_o speak_v in_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a 2._o and_o so_o break_v our_o vessel_n whereupon_o we_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o this_o we_o blow_v less_o than_o the_o former_a that_o the_o cold_a might_n soon_o insinuate_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o water_n we_o also_o make_v the_o neck_n long_o to_o the_o height_n of_o 45_o â—_o 10_o inch_n brac._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o run_v over_o this_o we_o fill_v to_o 160_o deg_n and_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v in_o ice_n very_o diligent_o hee_v it_o we_o find_v at_o first_o that_o all_o the_o accident_n of_o subside_v 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thick_a and_o broad_a at_o one_o end_n and_o more_o acute_a at_o the_o other_o like_o little_a dagger_n from_o the_o side_n of_o these_o shoot_v out_o other_o small_a thread_n close_o together_o like_a feather_n or_o palm_n branch_n these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o warp_a and_o with_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_o fill_v up_o they_o proceed_v shoot_v and_o increase_v till_o the_o woof_n close_v all_o with_o a_o total_a freeze_a of_o the_o water_n the_o superficies_n whereof_o may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v all_o raze_v and_o full_a of_o strait_a line_n like_o crystal_n scratch_v with_o a_o fine_a graver_n at_o first_o the_o superficies_n of_o all_o these_o ice_n appear_v plain_a but_o when_o the_o freeze_a be_v thorough_o finish_v and_o all_o the_o water_n congeal_v it_o at_o last_o become_v raise_v in_o hillock_n but_o without_o any_o regular_a figure_n this_o effect_v make_v some_o call_n to_o mind_n what_o be_v register_v in_o our_o first_o experiment_n of_o 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about_o light_a and_o quick_a because_o the_o fluid_a cover_v less_o of_o it_o than_o of_o the_o other_o the_o three_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o still_v water_n have_v set_v common_a still_v water_n in_o several_a vial_n to_o freeze_v we_o find_v the_o ice_n more_o limpid_a and_o transparent_a than_o usual_o the_o water_n be_v only_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o small_a nut_n of_o a_o more_o opaque_fw-la ice_n and_o white_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o round_o about_o it_o divers_a spiculae_fw-la of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o ice_n in_o fine_a to_o give_v a_o true_a picture_n of_o it_o in_o each_o vial_n it_o be_v like_o the_o burr_n or_o husk_n of_o a_o chestnut_n freeze_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o rock-cristal_n as_o we_o see_v fly_n worm_n or_o butter-flys_a entomb_v in_o amber_n or_o like_o little_a bit_n of_o straw_n herb_n etc._n etc._n in_o crystal_n itself_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o sea_n water_n to_o see_v the_o freeze_a 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vessel_n fg_v will_v be_v empty_a and_o likewise_o as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n part_v of_o the_o cane_n ch_z where_o the_o water_n will_v rest_v nor_o move_v but_o upon_o some_o alteration_n of_o the_o external_n heat_v and_o cold_a but_o upon_o prick_v the_o bladder_n the_o air_n forcible_o enter_v upon_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v refill_z the_o cane_n as_o at_o first_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cane_n do_v not_o fall_v at_o first_o when_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v to_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n suppose_v the_o space_n agnostus_n capable_a of_o receive_v it_o it_o may_v be_v from_o a_o cause_n mention_v in_o a_o forego_n experiment_n i._n e._n from_o some_o air_n which_o raise_v itself_o from_o the_o water_n into_o the_o void_a space_n perhaps_o too_o narrow_a for_o its_o full_a expansion_n whence_o they_o imagine_v that_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o wine_n 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some_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o general_o know_a observation_n of_o the_o drop_n of_o mercury_n tab._n 8._o p._n 41._o or_o any_o other_o fluid_a which_o spurt_v or_o rain_v through_o the_o air_n or_o let_v fall_v upon_o any_o dry_a or_o dusty_a body_n always_o be_v near_o of_o a_o globular_a figure_n wherefore_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o try_v it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la imagine_v there_o may_v then_o happen_v some_o notable_a variation_n but_o experience_n itself_o show_v that_o the_o effect_v proceed_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o air_n pressure_n for_o have_v make_v the_o vacuum_n in_o the_o vessel_n ab_fw-la the_o cavity_n a_o be_v quite_o void_a 2._o by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n there_o be_v let_v fall_v some_o drop_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n out_o of_o the_o ball_n c_o upon_o some_o colewort-leaves_a include_v in_o the_o ball_n a_o which_o have_v some_o drop_n of_o dew_n hang_v on_o they_o with_o which_o they_o be_v gather_v these_o drop_n that_o be_v admit_v contract_a themselves_o as_o round_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v upon_o a_o grow_a plant._n 3._o so_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vessel_n a_o be_v condense_v or_o rarefy_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o syringe_n cb_n the_o drop_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n sprinkle_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v not_o alter_v from_o their_o usual_a shape_n a_o experiment_n show_v the_o effect_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a apply_v external_o to_o the_o void_a space_n 1._o bind_v the_o bladder_n abc_n under_o the_o ball_n d_o make_v the_o vacuum_n therein_o turn_v the_o bladder_n upward_o to_o be_v tie_v there_o likewise_o then_o with_o a_o cane_n of_o glass_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o will_v not_o alter_v or_o bend_v take_v the_o exact_a height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a hg_n from_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n of_o after_o this_o fill_v the_o bladder_n with_o hot_a water_n and_o soon_o after_o measure_v you_o will_v find_v the_o cilind_a a_o little_a depress_v below_o the_o former_a height_n this_o observation_n make_v throw_v out_o the_o hot_a water_n let_v it_o stand_v till_o it_o return_v to_o the_o former_a height_n h_n and_o then_o fill_v the_o bladder_n with_o cold_a water_n mix_v with_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n measure_v as_o before_o you_o will_v observe_v the_o cilind_a notable_o raise_v nor_o will_v we_o omit_v that_o the_o hot_a water_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o experiment_n raise_v a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n to_o 48°_n and_o with_o the_o same_o heat_v shorten_v the_o mercurial_a cilind_a one_o 146_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a height_n and_o that_o the_o cold_a water_n increase_v to_o one_o 50_o the_o part_n when_o in_o the_o same_o water_n the_o thermometer_n come_v to_o 11_o deg_n â—_o 2._o if_o then_o a_o little_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o ball_n d_o this_o because_o it_o become_v very_o thin_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o dilatation_n it_o have_v in_o the_o void_a space_n quick_o imbibe_v heat_n or_o cold_a and_o by_o its_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n cause_n that_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o mercury_n be_v much_o more_o sensible_a and_o swift_a a_o experiment_n to_o manifest_v whether_o the_o air_n be_v that_o which_o serve_v as_o a_o foil_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o a_o lens_n of_o glass_n reflect_v that_o second_o image_n invert_v more_o dim_o and_o faint_o which_o we_o see_v of_o a_o flame_n or_o any_o other_o object_n visible_a there_o opt._n as_o kepler_n think_v it_o be_v 2._o on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n vessel_n ac_fw-la we_o cement_v with_o hard_a cement_n a_o glass_n lens_fw-la ab_fw-la this_o mouth_n have_v its_o lip_n turn_v a_o little_a
with_o a_o wind_n instrument_n because_o it_o receive_v its_o tremble_a not_o from_o percussion_n as_o a_o bell_n but_o from_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o air_n rush_v out_o of_o it_o and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v too_o hard_a a_o task_n if_o not_o impossible_a to_o place_v such_o a_o instrument_n in_o a_o vacuum_n make_v with_o mercury_n we_o resolve_v to_o enclose_v it_o in_o a_o vessel_n exhaust_v of_o its_o air_n by_o attraction_n so_o as_o it_o have_v be_v late_o practise_v by_o mr._n boil_v with_o admirable_a success_n in_o those_o his_o curious_a and_o noble_a experiment_n among_o which_o this_o be_v think_v of_o also_o though_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o practice_n for_o want_v of_o a_o fit_a artificer_n to_o make_v the_o apparatus_fw-la now_o though_o the_o vessel_n can_v never_o be_v empty_v so_o perfect_o by_o that_o way_n as_o by_o mercury_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v always_o so_o far_o rarify_v as_o from_o the_o manifest_a difference_n which_o appear_v in_o those_o effect_n that_o depend_v real_o upon_o the_o ordinary_a natural_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o they_o we_o may_v easy_o come_v to_o form_v a_o right_a judgement_n what_o they_o will_v be_v in_o a_o perfect_a vacuum_n we_o will_v here_o true_o relate_v what_o we_o happen_v to_o observe_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v more_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n and_o method_n we_o think_v of_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n than_o for_o any_o certainty_n we_o be_v able_a to_o gain_v thereby_o since_o it_o may_v be_v say_v we_o rather_o fail_v than_o make_v the_o experiment_n for_o this_o purpose_n we_o make_v a_o little_a organ_n 7._o as_o abcd_v of_o but_o one_o pipe_n and_o with_o the_o bellows_o have_v communication_n with_o the_o pipe_n by_o a_o hollow_a conveyance_n in_o the_o basis_n bc._n this_o organ_n we_o include_v in_o the_o brass_n box_n f_o 8._o and_o put_v the_o handle_n he_o through_o the_o mouth_n g_o of_o this_o box._n this_o handle_n we_o rest_v upon_o the_o pillar_n or_o prop_n kl_n when_o we_o have_v first_o put_v it_o through_o the_o ring_n m_o soder_v to_o a_o small_a iron_n rod_n pass_v each_o way_n through_o the_o board_n of_o the_o bellows_o and_o fasten_v to_o they_o so_o that_o by_o move_v the_o handle_n this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v open_v and_o shut_v force_v the_o air_n into_o the_o pipe_n then_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o soft_a leather_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n in_o it_o we_o put_v it_o over_o the_o handle_n bind_v it_o fast_o upon_o the_o mouth_n g_o and_o likewise_o gather_v it_o together_o we_o tie_v it_o about_o the_o handle_n as_o in_o the_o fig._n so_o that_o all_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v prevent_v and_o through_o the_o pliantness_n of_o the_o leather_n the_o handle_n easy_o move_v every_o way_n all_o be_v so_o prepare_v and_o the_o cover_v e_z cement_v on_o very_o close_a we_o begin_v to_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o box_n with_o a_o pump_n screw_v on_o to_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n n_o 9_o and_o at_o every_o draught_n turn_v the_o stop-cock_n o_o that_o when_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v down_o to_o drive_v out_o the_o attract_a air_n at_o the_o valve_n and_o nose_n p_o the_o air_n may_v not_o re-enter_v into_o the_o box_n f_o and_o frustrate_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o operator_n after_o many_o draught_n that_o the_o air_n become_v so_o rerify_v as_o the_o leather_n which_o close_v the_o mouth_n g_z be_v quite_o draw_v in_o and_o the_o force_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a man_n be_v unable_a to_o draw_v back_o the_o sucker_n or_o plug_n we_o begin_v to_o move_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n the_o handle_n so_o to_o convey_v the_o subtle_a air_n out_o of_o the_o bellows_o into_o the_o organ-pipe_n and_o listen_v to_o the_o sound_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v we_o can_v not_o perceive_v it_o to_o differ_v at_o all_o not_o only_o from_o that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o box_n when_o shut_v up_o full_a of_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n but_o also_o not_o sensible_o from_o that_o make_v in_o the_o box_n when_o we_o have_v by_o the_o pump_n force_v and_o condense_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n therein_o wherefore_o some_o do_v say_n jest_o either_o that_o the_o air_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o production_n of_o sound_n or_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o alike_o in_o any_o state_n a_o experiment_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o magnet_n in_o vacuo_fw-la hang_v a_o needle_n by_o the_o thread_n by_o which_o the_o bell_n be_v fasten_v before_o 4._o we_o apply_v a_o magnet_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o find_v it_o be_v attract_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n as_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a of_o air_n a_o experiment_n of_o the_o raise_n of_o fluid_n in_o small_a hollow_a cane_n in_o vacuo_fw-la among_o other_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n pressure_n some_o have_v reckon_v that_o of_o almost_o all_o fluid_n rise_v up_o in_o small_a cane_n therein_o immerse_v believe_v that_o the_o small_a cilind_a of_o air_n press_v through_o the_o little_a cane_n upon_o any_o fluid_a suppose_n the_o water_n act_v more_o faint_o by_o reason_n it_o be_v lessen_v or_o straighten_a by_o the_o great_a adhaesion_n of_o the_o fluid_a to_o the_o inside_n of_o so_o small_a a_o vessel_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o judge_v that_o the_o air_n which_o free_o press_v upon_o the_o large_a superficies_n of_o the_o fluid_a round_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o same_o cane_n be_v permit_v to_o bear_v upon_o it_o with_o its_o whole_a force_n raise_v it_o therein_o until_o the_o momentum_fw-la of_o the_o water_n raise_v together_o with_o that_o little_a pressure_n within_o the_o cane_n counterpoise_n that_o of_o the_o external_a air_n to_o have_v some_o light_n as_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o discourse_n we_o attempt_v to_o see_v what_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o therefore_o prepare_v the_o former_a ball_n as_o be_v direct_v for_o fish_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o that_o be_v by_o fill_v the_o upper_a half_n with_o water_n 1._o into_o this_o we_o immerse_v the_o small_a cane_n ab_fw-la represent_v in_o the_o table_n of_o its_o full_a bigness_n which_o be_v open_a at_o each_o end_n and_o have_v cement_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o middle_a a_o hollow_a button_n of_o glass_n counterpoise_v to_o keep_v the_o cane_n upright_o in_o the_o water_n 1._o then_o close_v the_o mouth_n of_o our_o large_a ball_n ac_fw-la we_o make_v the_o vacuum_n the_o water_n stand_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ball_n 1._o and_o the_o small_a cane_n stand_v erect_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o hollow_a button_n and_o the_o water_n rise_v in_o it_o up_o to_o c_o then_o the_o low_a mouth_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o finger_n that_o the_o air_n enter_v may_v not_o empty_v our_o large_a vessel_n we_o unbind_v it_o above_o and_o open_v the_o mouth_n ac_fw-la to_o see_v if_o the_o air_n be_v admit_v to_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n that_o great_a and_o more_o violent_a impulse_n will_v cause_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o level_n c_o of_o the_o small_a immersed_a cane_n but_o it_o do_v not_o after_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v yet_o doubt_v that_o the_o wet_a receive_v by_o the_o whole_a internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o little_a cane_n when_o quite_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n before_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v 1._o may_v serve_v like_o glue_n to_o detain_v the_o small_a cilind_a of_o water_n cd_o whereto_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v by_o adhesion_n also_o as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v before_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o external_n pressure_n wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v first_o to_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o vessel_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o try_v the_o experiment_n in_o that_o the_o first_o immersion_n of_o the_o cane_n may_v be_v make_v with_o the_o air_n already_o dilate_v and_o rarefy_v and_o with_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cane_n dry_a that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o in_o it_o to_o raise_v more_o water_n than_o that_o which_o the_o weak_a pressure_n of_o that_o thin_a air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o that_o afterward_o reduce_v the_o air_n to_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o then_o artificial_o compress_v it_o it_o be_v think_v we_o may_v discover_v some_o observable_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o cane_n tab._n 1._o p._n 54._o there_o be_v also_o make_v another_o experiment_n which_o be_v this_o within_o the_o ball_n so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o we_o place_v the_o syphon_n abcd_v so_o hang_v that_o when_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v 3._o it_o may_v remain_v upright_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o full_a of_o mercury_n we_o then_o observe_v to_o what_o degree_n
the_o mercury_n rise_v in_o the_o small_a leg_n ab_fw-la and_o then_o upon_o admission_n of_o the_o air_n can_v observe_v no_o alteration_n this_o experiment_n be_v often_o repeat_v always_o with_o the_o same_o success_n last_o they_o that_o take_v the_o raise_n of_o fluid_n to_o a_o determinate_a height_n to_o be_v a_o undoubted_a effect_n of_o the_o air_n pressure_n be_v desirous_a to_o see_v if_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o stagnant_a level_n when_o force_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o a_o very_a small_a cane_n and_o must_v necessary_o do_v so_o to_o exert_v any_o pressure_n come_v thereby_o to_o be_v so_o weaken_v and_o lessen_v that_o any_o observable_a alteration_n follow_v in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o fluid_a so_o press_v which_o they_o think_v will_v probable_o happen_v because_o if_o one_o momentum_fw-la be_v weaken_v the_o other_o must_v certain_o preponderate_v and_o so_o alter_v the_o first_o aequilibrium_fw-la to_o this_o end_n there_o be_v take_v the_o cane_n abcd_v who_o height_n ab_fw-la be_v 46_o inch_n and_o the_o return_v bc_n 11_o ½_o inches_n br._n draw_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o smallness_n than_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n this_o be_v open_a at_o a_o and_o d_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n at_o the_o mouth_n a_o till_o it_o come_v to_o d_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o return_n which_o we_o then_o seal_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o complete_v the_o fill_n of_o the_o cane_n to_o a_o and_o tie_v it_o over_o fast_o with_o a_o bladder_n then_o we_o break_v off_o the_o end_n d_o and_o the_o mercury_n begin_v to_o run_v out_o very_o slow_o contrary_a to_o what_o we_o have_v observe_v when_o the_o air_n pursue_v it_o at_o the_o other_o end_n whereas_o instead_o of_o air_n the_o cane_n have_v now_o a_o vacuity_n which_o increase_v gradual_o from_o a_o so_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o otherwise_o force_v out_o but_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o which_o be_v above_o 28_o 6_o 10_o ¼_n reckon_v from_o c_o towards_o a_o and_o it_o immediate_o stop_v when_o it_o come_v to_o f_o the_o very_a same_o height_n above_o c_o as_o the_o mercury_n be_v off_o in_o another_o tube_n immerse_v in_o a_o large_a vessel_n at_o the_o same_o time_n after_o this_o hold_v the_o cane_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n by_o lift_v it_o gentle_o up_o and_o down_o we_o cause_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o mercury_n so_o that_o by_o the_o vibration_n of_o it_o backward_o and_o forward_o in_o the_o two_o arm_n of_o the_o vessel_n there_o run_v out_o at_o each_o vibration_n a_o little_a mercury_n at_o the_o beak_n d_o so_o that_o when_o the_o cane_n and_o mercury_n be_v at_o rest_n there_o remain_v a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o little_a cane_n empty_a of_o mercury_n gcd_n so_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o g_o though_o strain_v through_o so_o narrow_a a_o passage_n as_o d_o yet_o have_v not_o lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o force_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a abatement_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cilind_a f_o c._n from_o all_o these_o experiment_n and_o some_o other_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n which_o we_o have_v now_o no_o time_n to_o relate_v some_o thought_n they_o see_v good_a ground_n to_o affirm_v that_o that_o opinion_n of_o a_o more_o languid_a pressure_n make_v by_o the_o air_n through_o so_o narrow_a conveyance_n take_v absolute_o so_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v this_o and_o the_o like_a effect_n but_o they_o believe_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o allow_v some_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n a_o experiment_n of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o noble_a observation_n of_o mr._n boil_v of_o the_o boil_a of_o warm_a water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la make_v we_o above_o measure_n curious_a not_o only_o to_o see_v so_o rare_a and_o surprise_v a_o effect_n but_o also_o give_v we_o a_o hint_n and_o desire_v to_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o simple_a water_n and_o also_o with_o water_n bring_v to_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o without_o freeze_a there_o be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n represent_v by_o fig._n 5._o tab._n 10._o a_o quantity_n of_o natural_a water_n unaltered_a from_o its_o ordinary_a temperament_n in_o this_o after_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v there_o appear_v a_o shower_n of_o small_a drop_n which_o though_o they_o be_v in_o great_a plenty_n yet_o come_v very_o slow_a and_o the_o water_n lose_v nothing_o of_o its_o transparency_n their_o motion_n be_v upward_o till_o the_o shower_n gradual_o cease_v the_o water_n become_v sedate_v and_o quiet_a as_o at_o first_o the_o warm_a water_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v begin_v violent_o to_o boil_v up_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o a_o noise_n not_o unlike_a that_o make_v by_o a_o cauldron_n boil_v very_o fast_o but_o upon_o open_v the_o ball_n and_o take_v out_o the_o include_v vessel_n we_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o heat_n acquire_v by_o this_o ebullition_n the_o chill_v water_n throw_v up_o four_o or_o five_o small_a bubble_n and_o then_o rest_v without_o any_o other_o sensible_a change_n or_o alteration_n note_v that_o upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o air_n the_o shower_n of_o small_a drop_n cease_v immediate_o in_o that_o water_n of_o a_o natural_a temperament_n as_o likewise_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o warm_a water_n a_o experiment_n of_o snow_n in_o vacuo_fw-la at_o first_o we_o put_v in_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o snow_n of_o which_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o mercury_n there_o scarce_o appear_v other_o than_o the_o melt_a water_n this_o so_o hasty_a dissolution_n thereof_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o wherefore_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o clear_a we_o repeat_v it_o with_o a_o large_a piece_n make_v somewhat_o cilindrical_a as_o long_o and_o big_a as_o can_v be_v put_v into_o the_o ball_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n we_o thrust_v the_o cilind_a of_o snow_n into_o it_o but_o slip_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n that_o immerse_v it_o and_o so_o swim_v upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o may_v perceive_v that_o in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o immersion_n the_o mercury_n have_v prey_v upon_o and_o eat_v off_o a_o good_a part_n thereof_o and_o the_o dissolve_a water_n swim_v upon_o the_o mercury_n so_o we_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mercury_n which_o melt_v the_o first_o small_a piece_n of_o snow_n so_o sudden_o and_o not_o the_o vacuum_n as_o at_o the_o first_o view_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v wherefore_o put_v the_o snow_n in_o again_o close_v the_o vessel_n and_o make_v the_o vacuum_n the_o little_a that_o remain_v be_v as_o slow_a in_o dissolve_v as_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o the_o air_n this_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o the_o snow_n be_v not_o in_o flake_n solla_fw-it we_o call_v the_o snow_n at_o florence_n when_o it_o fall_v like_o down_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v together_o but_o some_o of_o that_o take_v out_o of_o the_o conservatory_n where_o it_o be_v tread_v down_o and_o press_v together_o a_o experiment_n of_o the_o dissolution_n of_o pearl_n and_o coral_n in_o vacuo_fw-la this_o experiment_n we_o owe_v likewise_o to_o mr._n boil_v which_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n pearl_n and_o coral_n as_o be_v well_o know_v be_v dissolve_v in_o vinegar_n though_o this_o action_n proceed_v very_o slow_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o consist_v in_o the_o curious_a discharge_n of_o very_o small_a bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o body_n of_o the_o pearl_n and_o coral_n themselves_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o rise_v so_o thick_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o transparency_n of_o the_o vinegar_n especial_o from_o the_o coral_n which_o if_o not_o fine_o powder_v be_v much_o slow_a in_o dissolve_v but_o pearl_n be_v soft_a afford_v a_o great_a plenty_n of_o bubble_n we_o desire_v to_o see_v each_o of_o they_o several_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o observe_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o bubble_n to_o arise_v from_o each_o that_o the_o vinegar_n be_v raise_v all_o in_o froth_n and_o run_v over_o the_o vessel_n which_o therefore_o show_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v full_a of_o milk_n or_o pure_a snow_n then_o we_o give_v admission_n to_o the_o air_n whereby_o the_o froth_n be_v immediate_o sink_v and_o the_o vinegar_n with_o its_o natural_a transparency_n begin_v to_o act_v as_o before_o we_o will_v not_o omit_v here_o a_o effect_n accidental_o observe_v in_o this_o dissolution_n which_o be_v this_o the_o pearl_n when_o they_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n gather_v into_o one_o or_o more_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o natural_o rise_v up_o carry_v the_o pearl_n with_o they_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o bubble_n rise_v above_o the_o vinegar_n and_o by_o the_o chock_n of_o the_o air_n break_v their_o cover_v be_v curious_o scatter_v about_o
of_o make_v the_o experiment_n under_o water_n which_o perhaps_o may_v detect_v something_o to_o we_o 8._o so_o we_o take_v the_o bladder_n out_o of_o the_o fish_n alive_a and_o well_o tie_v it_o in_o a_o net_n fasten_v a_o convenient_a weight_n and_o sink_v it_o in_o water_n and_o then_o make_v the_o vacuum_n when_o we_o may_v see_v many_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n issue_n from_o the_o slender_a part_n thereof_o where_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o natural_a meatus_fw-la be_v which_o transmits_n it_n when_o the_o vessel_n be_v open_v the_o air_n shrink_v it_o like_o the_o other_o last_o willing_a to_o see_v what_o way_n the_o air_n take_v from_o the_o bladder_n to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o fish_n body_n whether_o by_o the_o gills_o lasca_n or_o mouth_n we_o cover_v a_o roach_n with_o the_o same_o net_n that_o by_o affix_v a_o weight_n it_o may_v be_v keep_v under_o water_n the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v we_o see_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n come_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n in_o large_a bubble_n as_o before_o from_o the_o submersed_a bladder_n here_o shall_v have_v be_v the_o end_n of_o these_o experiment_n but_o while_o these_o sheet_n be_v in_o the_o press_n one_o of_o our_o academy_n have_v think_v of_o a_o way_n to_o facilitate_v very_o much_o the_o management_n of_o our_o vessel_n to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n we_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o set_v it_o down_o here_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o we_o find_v it_o indeed_o very_o convenient_a the_o invention_n consist_v in_o join_v to_o the_o cane_n be_v tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o the_o retum_fw-la bfg_n design_v in_o the_o figure_n by_o the_o prick_v line_n for_o put_v as_o usual_a the_o mercury_n in_o at_o the_o mouth_n ac_fw-la when_o it_o come_v up_o to_o g_o in_o the_o return_n we_o tie_v it_o down_o close_o and_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o ac_fw-la where_o be_v close_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o open_v the_o mouth_n g_o and_o without_o any_o immersion_n 4_o all_o the_o mercury_n above_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n take_v from_o g_z towards_z e_z runs_z out_o and_o note_v that_o the_o ball_n fg_n serve_v to_o keep_v in_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o fluctuate_a motion_n it_o make_v in_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o cane_n before_o it_o rest_v cause_v by_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o its_o fall_n this_o be_v all_o at_o present_a touch_v the_o natural_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o various_a effect_n experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_a among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o stupendous_a work_n of_o nature_n that_o admirable_a power_n have_v be_v always_o much_o regard_v whereby_o she_o bind_v the_o slippery_a wave_n change_v their_o fleet_a inconstancy_n into_o solidity_n and_o hardness_n this_o effect_n though_o daily_o before_o our_o eye_n in_o comparison_n of_o other_o more_o secret_a and_o rare_a yet_o have_v continual_o afford_v ample_a subject_n of_o curious_a speculation_n to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n for_o whereas_o fire_n when_o disengage_v in_o swift_o wing_a spark_n by_o insinuate_v itself_o through_o the_o close_a pore_n of_o flinty_a and_o metalline_a body_n open_v melt_v and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o perfect_a fluid_fw-la so_o cold_a on_o the_o contrary_n a_o much_o strange_a thing_n stop_v and_o consolidate_n the_o most_o fluid_a liquor_n change_v they_o into_o downy_a snow_n and_o glassy_a ice_n which_o upon_o the_o least_o ray_n or_o warm_a breath_n break_v prison_n and_o steal_v away_o in_o their_o first_o fluidity_n again_o and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o amaze_a so_o violent_a a_o force_n of_o cold_a in_o freeze_a be_v observe_v penetrate_a not_o only_a glass_n but_o even_o the_o secret_a pore_n of_o metal_n as_o in_o the_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o deep_a mine_n the_o rage_a flame_n impetuous_o divide_v and_o in_o fury_n open_v all_o those_o dark_a passage_n so_o cold_a in_o the_o act_n of_o freeze_a crack_v shut_v vessel_n of_o thick_a and_o strong_a glass_n stretch_v distend_v and_o at_o last_o tears_z those_o of_o pure_a gold_n and_o burst_v asunder_o those_o of_o cast_n brass_n and_o of_o such_o thickness_n as_o to_o break_v they_o by_o dead_a weight_n will_v require_v perchance_o nay_o assure_o some_o thousand_o weight_n upon_o this_o strange_a phenomenon_n of_o freeze_a observable_a in_o water_n more_o than_o any_o other_o fluid_a some_o have_v think_v that_o where_o the_o cold_a operate_v in_o its_o proper_a laboratory_n with_o fit_a material_n it_o reduce_v the_o pure_a water_n to_o such_o a_o temperament_n that_o it_o turn_v it_o into_o even_o the_o hard_a rock-cristal_n and_o gem_n of_o various_a colour_n according_a to_o the_o different_a tincture_n receive_v from_o the_o neighbour_a mineral_n steam_v nay_o even_o into_o the_o invincible_a hardness_n of_o the_o diamond_n and_o plato_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o diamond_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o remain_v of_o those_o water_n whence_o in_o the_o secret_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o think_v gold_n be_v produce_v and_o therefore_o a_o diamond_n be_v call_v the_o offspring_n of_o gold_n by_o that_o divine_a philosopher_n in_o timaeo_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o cause_n of_o freeze_a the_o ingenious_a in_o all_o time_n have_v have_v various_a sentiment_n thereof_o whether_o it_o do_v indeed_o come_v from_o any_o real_a and_o proper_a body_n of_o cold_a which_o in_o the_o school_n they_o call_v positive_a that_o as_o light_n and_o heat_n be_v original_o in_o the_o sun_n be_v either_o in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n or_o ice_n itself_o or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o residence_n where_o it_o have_v its_o repository_n and_o treasury_n 22._o in_o which_o sense_n the_o word_n of_o the_o divine_a oracle_n in_o sacred_a writ_n may_v be_v take_v have_v thou_o enter_v into_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o snow_n or_o have_v thou_o see_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o hail_n or_o whether_o cold_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o total_a privation_n or_o drive_v away_o of_o heat_n touch_v this_o and_o other_o curious_a observation_n of_o the_o artifice_n use_v by_o nature_n in_o freeze_a whether_o she_o achieve_v her_o end_n by_o contract_n or_o rarefy_v the_o fluid_a whether_o the_o change_n proceed_v slow_o or_o instantaneous_o etc._n etc._n we_o be_v induce_v to_o try_v several_a experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_a make_v by_o the_o outward_a application_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n full_o persuade_v that_o the_o operation_n do_v not_o at_o all_o vary_v from_o the_o procedure_n of_o nature_n when_o by_o the_o pure_a and_o simple_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n she_o congeal_v water_n what_o hitherto_o we_o have_v have_v the_o good_a luck_n to_o observe_v upon_o so_o vast_a and_o boundless_a a_o subject_n capable_a of_o so_o great_a and_o endless_a observation_n will_v be_v offer_v to_o you_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n to_o know_v if_o water_n dilate_v itself_o in_o freeze_a it_o be_v the_o thought_n of_o galileo_n that_o ice_n be_v rather_o water_v rarefy_v than_o condense_v because_o say_v he_o condensation_n consist_v in_o diminution_n of_o bulk_n but_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o rarefaction_n in_o the_o increase_n of_o lightness_n and_o bulk_n too_o but_o water_n in_o freeze_a gain_n in_o bulk_n and_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n since_o it_o swim_v thereon_o etc._n etc._n this_o be_v suppose_v which_o experience_n will_v sufficient_o prove_v we_o be_v curious_a to_o see_v what_o water_n will_v do_v when_o confine_v in_o a_o vessel_n where_o it_o have_v not_o the_o least_o room_n to_o dilate_v yet_o on_o all_o side_n be_v encompass_v with_o ice_n to_o freeze_v it_o since_o we_o still_o observe_v agreeable_a to_o galileo_n that_o water_n as_o well_o freeze_v into_o great_a mountain_n of_o ice_n as_o in_o the_o small_a piece_n and_o of_o what_o figure_n soever_o continual_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o other_o water_n a_o certain_a proof_n that_o in_o the_o act_n of_o freeze_a the_o increase_v of_o the_o bulk_n consider_v it_o grow_v light_a whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o small_a and_o insensible_a vacuity_n or_o interspersion_n of_o minute_n particle_n of_o air_n or_o the_o like_a matter_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o little_a blebs_fw-la in_o crystal_n and_o glass_n for_o such_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o eye_n through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ice_n when_o hold_v up_o against_o the_o light_n in_o some_o place_n thick_a in_o other_o few_o and_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v into_o small_a piece_n under_o water_n they_o rise_v up_o through_o the_o water_n in_o great_a number_n the_o first_o experiment_n 1._o take_v a_o vessel_n of_o thin_a silver_n plate_n with_o two_o cover_v to_o screw_v on_o such_o as_o we_o use_v to_o cool_v our_o sherbet_n and_o other_o drink_n in_o summer_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o fair_a water_n cool_v
with_o ice_n and_o then_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v it_o be_v cool_v first_o lest_o if_o it_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n at_o all_o rarefy_a by_o heat_n upon_o the_o first_o refrigerate_v it_o shall_v contract_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n gain_v room_n to_o dilate_v in_o afterward_o in_o freeze_a when_o it_o be_v think_v the_o ice_n outward_o apply_v have_v do_v its_o work_n we_o take_v the_o vessel_n out_o and_o open_v the_o first_o cover_n which_o be_v concave_a we_o find_v the_o second_o cover_v crack_v and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o thin_a cake_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o water_n force_v thither_o by_o the_o rarefy_v of_o that_o within_o the_o vessel_n as_o it_o freeze_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v think_v that_o this_o crack_n be_v cause_v rather_o by_o condensation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o freeze_a which_o be_v constrain_v by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o cold_a to_o withdraw_v itself_o into_o a_o less_o space_n for_o the_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n gradual_o draw_v down_o the_o cover_n as_o it_o retire_v till_o at_o last_o unable_a to_o stretch_v any_o far_a it_o crack_v i_o say_v this_o be_v improbable_a for_o if_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v the_o cover_v bend_v inward_o whereas_o it_o be_v force_v outward_o and_o considerable_o raise_v from_o the_o flatness_n it_o have_v before_o as_o be_v also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o vessel_n moreover_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o crack_v turn_v outward_o whence_o we_o gather_v how_o great_a the_o impetus_fw-la must_v necessary_o be_v that_o cause_v it_o and_o will_v have_v be_v much_o more_o considerable_a if_o a_o large_a proportion_n of_o water_n have_v be_v congeal_v whereas_o break_v the_o first_o cake_n we_o find_v almost_o all_o the_o water_n fluid_n tab._n 12._o p._n 72._o the_o second_o experiment_n 2._o find_v that_o the_o force_n of_o freeze_a far_o surpass_v the_o resistance_n of_o this_o our_o first_o instrument_n we_o think_v of_o make_v a_o ball_n of_o cast_n silver_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n piastra_n and_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n to_o open_v in_o the_o middle_n with_o a_o screw_n and_o with_o a_o top_n screw_v on_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neck_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n then_o shut_v this_o vessel_n and_o screw_v fast_o the_o middle_a screw_n with_o a_o vice_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n at_o the_o neck_n and_o screw_v on_o the_o little_a cover_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n to_o frieze_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v it_o perfect_o sound_a and_o whole_a open_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n we_o take_v out_o a_o shell_n of_o ice_n but_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a and_o less_o transparent_a than_o usual_a and_o perchance_o more_o dense_a and_o close_a for_o be_v put_v in_o water_n it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o buoy_v up_o so_o well_o but_o rather_o as_o all_o thought_n dive_v towards_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o midst_n be_v a_o cavity_n as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a almond_n without_o the_o shell_n this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v after_o by_o we_o with_o the_o same_o success_n the_o three_o experiment_n there_o be_v some_o that_o wonder_v at_o this_o unexpected_a accident_n seem_v at_o first_o view_n to_o contradict_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o galileo_n but_o what_o be_v more_o to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o itself_o see_v though_o this_o ice_n appear_v condense_v and_o heavy_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o make_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o air_n without_o any_o art_n yet_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v light_a than_o water_n because_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n still_o swim_v thereon_o and_o so_o much_o the_o less_o can_v they_o satisfy_v themselves_o as_o they_o see_v the_o vacuity_n always_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n congeal_v whence_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n which_o fluid_a suffice_v to_o fill_v the_o ball_n be_v freeze_v withdraw_v itself_o into_o so_o much_o a_o less_o space_n as_o the_o aforementioned_a vacuity_n from_o so_o manifest_a a_o inconvenience_n they_o be_v inclinable_a to_o think_v there_o must_v be_v some_o fallacy_n and_o therefore_o set_v themselves_o to_o observe_v very_o nice_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o take_v the_o vessel_n very_o often_o out_o of_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n and_o careful_o view_v it_o on_o all_o side_n they_o perceive_v a_o almost_o insensible_a boil_a and_o bubble_v out_o at_o the_o middle_a screw_n from_o time_n to_o time_n a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o the_o water_n so_o great_a be_v the_o force_n of_o its_o rarefaction_n creep_v through_o the_o spiral_n passage_n of_o the_o screw_n upon_o this_o the_o screw_n be_v wax_v and_o the_o ball_n again_o fill_v it_o be_v set_v in_o the_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o freeze_v and_o though_o it_o be_v many_o time_n take_v out_o there_o be_v never_o observe_v any_o bubble_a or_o any_o hiss_v hear_v as_o before_o but_o after_o the_o freeze_a be_v do_v upon_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o mixture_n the_o vessel_n be_v open_a on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o middle_a screw_n the_o rarefy_v power_n of_o freeze_a being_n great_a enough_o to_o force_v the_o screw_n the_o experiment_n be_v often_o repeat_v have_v still_o the_o same_o effect_n and_o be_v again_o try_v in_o a_o ball_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o screw_n of_o twice_o as_o many_o thread_n as_o the_o silver_n one_o have_v it_o still_o show_v the_o same_o trick_n the_o four_o experiment_n 6._o to_o avoid_v this_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o screw_n we_o get_v some_o ball_n make_v of_o glass_n half_a a_o finger_n thick_a and_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n set_v they_o to_o freeze_v be_v first_o seal_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n the_o effect_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o first_o vessel_n make_v of_o plate_n for_o they_o all_o be_v diverse_o break_v and_o split_v some_o have_v their_o neck_n quite_o throw_v off_o other_o through_o the_o unequal_a thickness_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o irregularity_n of_o their_o figure_n 6._o be_v burst_v on_o one_o side_n other_o be_v tab._n 13._o p._n 75._o crack_v all_o over_o and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o neck_n be_v general_o break_v off_o when_o the_o whole_a ball_n be_v cover_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o the_o least_o bulk_n it_o be_v first_o freeze_v solid_a there_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v stop_v and_o force_v the_o ball_n for_o in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o freeze_a the_o remain_a water_n endeavour_v every_o way_n and_o either_o find_v the_o neck_n the_o weak_a part_n or_o the_o ice_n therein_o be_v as_o a_o cone_n or_o wedge_n to_o split_v it_o it_o still_o most_o easy_o break_v through_o there_o which_o never_o happen_v when_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n be_v leave_v uncover_v with_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n how_o great_a the_o force_n of_o this_o rarefaction_n be_v may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o that_o when_o the_o neck_n be_v not_o turn_v downward_o upon_o the_o vessel_n burst_v they_o fly_v off_o into_o the_o air_n five_z or_o six_o foot_n high_a throw_v up_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o ice_n with_o which_o the_o ball_n be_v cover_v the_o five_o experiment_n piastre_n at_o last_o we_o resolve_v to_o cast_v a_o ball_n of_o brass_n all_o of_o one_o piece_n about_o two_o crown_n thick_a have_v but_o one_o mouth_n at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o 1._o so_o make_v as_o to_o be_v very_o close_o shut_v with_o a_o exquisite_a screw_n then_o to_o take_v the_o lump_n of_o ice_n out_o whole_a we_o make_v a_o small_a crease_n round_o it_o where_o by_o put_v it_o again_o in_o the_o lare_z it_o may_v be_v cut_v in_o two_o in_o the_o midst_n which_o show_v a_o strange_a accident_n in_o the_o water_n for_o this_o small_a inequality_n as_o little_a as_o it_o be_v make_v the_o ball_n burst_v in_o that_o place_n whereupon_o we_o make_v another_o ball_n and_o without_o weaken_v it_o in_o any_o part_n set_v it_o to_o freeze_v but_o this_o be_v break_v as_o all_o the_o other_o for_o we_o try_v it_o often_o in_o that_o place_n which_o the_o water_n find_v most_o defective_a the_o six_o experiment_n 2._o the_o last_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o a_o ball_n of_o fine_a gold_n of_o the_o size_n represent_v in_o the_o figure_n this_o have_v undergo_v many_o freezing_n without_o any_o visible_a crack_n cause_v at_o first_o no_o little_a wonder_n and_o some_o begin_v to_o doubt_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o space_n requisite_a for_o the_o freeze_a by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o softness_n may_v
insensible_o be_v compress_v as_o tin_n silver_n and_o gold_n itself_o become_v more_o compact_a by_o be_v hammer_v but_o at_o last_o observe_v that_o whereas_o the_o ball_n before_o freeze_a be_v flat_v so_o that_o it_o will_v stand_v upon_o the_o bottom_n when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n it_o will_v not_o stand_v upright_o every_o one_o be_v well_o satisfy_v whence_o this_o happen_v and_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o perfect_o spherical_a to_o be_v the_o better_o assure_v thereof_o whether_o it_o will_v remain_v of_o its_o first_o size_n if_o it_o do_v not_o burst_v in_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n or_o whether_o it_o will_v stretch_v big_a ottone_v we_o make_v a_o ring_n of_o brass_n exact_o fit_v to_o the_o vessel_n great_a circle_n all_o along_o in_o the_o freeze_a by_o examine_v it_o with_o this_o ring_n we_o still_o find_v it_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a that_o pure_a metal_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o softness_n and_o pliantness_n still_o dilate_v and_o stretch_v itself_o and_o perhaps_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v of_o cast_a metal_n the_o effect_n will_v have_v be_v more_o conspicuous_a but_o be_v make_v of_o two_o piece_n it_o at_o last_o burst_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v soder_v with_o silver_n and_o the_o crack_v beginning_n at_o the_o soder_n ranslant_v down_o into_o the_o gold_n also_o a_o experiment_n to_o measure_v how_o great_a the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n may_v be_v in_o water_n shut_v up_o in_o close_a vessel_n to_o frieze_n ottone_v to_o obtain_v this_o we_o think_v of_o make_v a_o metal_n ball_n of_o brass_n like_o the_o former_a but_o perfect_o round_a and_o according_a to_o our_o estimation_n so_o much_o thick_a that_o the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n shall_v be_v unable_a to_o break_v it_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n to_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v as_o before_o the_o cover_v be_v fast_o screw_v down_o this_o be_v do_v and_o at_o first_o we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o run_v out_o or_o crack_v the_o vessel_n wherefore_o we_o put_v in_o the_o lare_z and_o keep_v it_o as_o near_o as_o possible_a of_o the_o same_o figure_n there_o be_v take_v off_o every_o where_o a_o thin_a coat_n of_o metal_n and_o than_o it_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v the_o second_o time_n with_o water_n and_o not_o be_v burst_v also_o although_o it_o be_v freeze_v we_o again_o turn_v off_o a_o thin_a skin_n from_o the_o ball_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v with_o three_o ball_n the_o thick_a whereof_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o 4._o fig._n which_o seem_v to_o we_o the_o great_a thickness_n the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n in_o freeze_a water_n can_v overpower_v have_v proceed_v so_o far_o 4._o we_o be_v desirous_a to_o reduce_v this_o to_o the_o force_n of_o dead_a weight_n and_o the_o most_o probable_a mean_n we_o think_v of_o be_v to_o cast_v a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n and_o hardness_n and_o exact_o of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o ball_n turn_v the_o inside_n conical_a and_o fit_v thereto_o a_o iron_n cone_n so_o that_o the_o iron_n may_v rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ring_n above_o the_o upper_a edge_n thereof_o be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o think_v of_o put_v the_o ring_n over_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o thick_a stone_n table_n something_o large_a than_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o ring_n we_o than_o think_v to_o proceed_v to_o lay_v on_o weight_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o iron_n cone_n or_o at_o least_o force_v it_o down_o with_o weight_n hang_v to_o a_o hook_n make_v at_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o that_o so_o the_o force_n be_v perpendicular_a it_o may_v equal_o drive_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o ring_n and_o then_o leisurely_o add_v small_a leaden_a weight_n we_o may_v know_v the_o least_o weight_n capable_a of_o burst_v the_o ring_n and_o to_o be_v secure_v that_o the_o bear_n of_o the_o ring_n upon_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o table_n may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o its_o break_n we_o think_v to_o fasten_v round_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o table_n a_o plate_n of_o polish_a steel_n and_o smooth_a the_o under-side_n of_o the_o ring_n that_o it_o may_v upon_o the_o least_o touch_n slip_v upon_o the_o steel_n but_o because_o a_o immense_a weight_n be_v but_o sufficient_a to_o conquer_v so_o great_a a_o resistance_n we_o think_v to_o obtain_v our_o end_n by_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o several_a much_o small_a ring_n but_o of_o different_a size_n and_o with_o more_o managable_a weight_n and_o so_o by_o examine_v the_o resistance_n of_o these_o ring_n and_o compare_v the_o repeat_v trial_n to_o come_v near_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o will_v break_v the_o first_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o thickness_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n in_o freeze_a these_o be_v our_o thought_n but_o still_o find_v upon_o cut_v our_o ball_n that_o be_v crack_v in_o the_o freeze_a several_a inequality_n and_o defect_n in_o the_o sound_n proceed_v either_o from_o the_o wind_n or_o dregs_o of_o the_o metal_n when_o infusion_n we_o be_v discourage_v from_o prosecute_a the_o experiment_n upon_o so_o many_o uncertainty_n nevertheless_o we_o forbear_v not_o to_o relate_v our_o intention_n free_o though_o we_o come_v short_a of_o our_o end_n yet_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o advertisement_n to_o other_o not_o to_o take_v a_o wrong_a path_n and_o perchance_o excite_v the_o ingenious_a to_o find_v out_o a_o mean_n to_o obviate_v these_o difficulty_n or_o a_o happy_a journey_n another_o way_n experiment_n to_o measure_v the_o utmost_a expansion_n of_o water_n in_o freeze_a the_o first_o experiment_n we_o make_v this_o experiment_n two_o way_n by_o measure_n and_o by_o weight_n that_o by_o measure_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n we_o procure_v a_o glass_n cane_n draw_v as_o equal_a as_o possible_a we_o seal_v it_o at_o one_o end_v and_o fill_v it_o to_o a_o certain_a mark_n with_o water_n we_o set_v it_o in_o ice_n very_o well_o powder_v and_o incorporate_v with_o salt_n to_o freeze_v then_o compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cilind_a freeze_v with_o that_o of_o the_o cilind_a fluid_n have_v the_o same_o base_n the_o proportion_n be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o nine_o to_o eight_o the_o second_o experiment_n we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o this_o one_o experiment_n judge_v it_o little_o less_o than_o impossible_a to_o find_v a_o glass_n cane_n which_o have_v no_o other_o rule_n to_o draw_v it_o by_o than_o the_o equal_a breath_n of_o the_o artificer_n so_o true_o cilindrical_a as_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cilinder_n of_o water_n contain_v therein_o wherefore_o to_o have_v a_o more_o regular_a vessel_n we_o take_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o pistol_n and_o turn_v it_o within_o to_o the_o true_a cilindrical_a figure_n attainable_a by_o a_o material_a instrument_n shut_v the_o touchhole_n with_o a_o steel_n screw_n and_o cover_v that_o with_o a_o polish_v steel_n plate_n we_o pour_v in_o six_o finger_n water_n and_o thrust_v in_o a_o turn_v cilind_a of_o box_n of_o the_o exact_a size_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n well_o oil_v and_o grease_v that_o it_o may_v not_o imbibe_n any_o water_n when_o it_o be_v drive_v in_o so_o far_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o barrel_n be_v well_o stop_v we_o invert_v the_o cane_n that_o the_o water_n may_v all_o rest_n upon_o the_o base_a of_o the_o cilind_a and_o unscrew_v the_o touchhole_n we_o force_v the_o cilind_a of_o box_n in_o further_a till_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o run_v out_o then_o screw_v in_o the_o pin_n again_o we_o set_v the_o barrel_n upright_o and_o mark_v how_o much_o of_o the_o wood_n stand_v out_o and_o cover_v it_o with_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n sprinkle_v with_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la which_o as_o be_v well_o know_v enforce_v the_o freeze_a very_o much_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v there_o about_o 12_o minute_n the_o mark_v make_v at_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n upon_o the_o box_n be_v raise_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o present_o after_o two_o more_o where_o it_o stay_v though_o we_o reinforce_v the_o cold_a by_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fresh_a snow_n and_o salt_n after_o a_o full_a hour_n we_o take_v the_o barrel_n out_o and_o find_v it_o so_o cold_a that_o we_o can_v scarce_o endure_v it_o in_o our_o hand_n whence_o we_o gather_v it_o be_v thorough_o freeze_v and_o that_o the_o rather_o because_o unscrew_v the_o touchhole_n and_o strike_v the_o end_n of_o the_o box_n cilind_a against_o the_o wall_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o force_v it_o a_o hair_n breadth_n in_o and_o except_o a_o few_o drop_n at_o the_o touchhole_n we_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o water_n
27_o 27_o abatement_n 111_o 28_o 54_o 80_o 345_o 318_o rest_n 111_o  _fw-fr 48_o 4_o 377_o 32_o remount_v 116_o ½_o 5_o ½_o 40_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr and_o then_o with_o a_o somewhat_o quick_a motion_n though_o very_o slow_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o the_o other_o liquor_n spring_v up_o with_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o glaciation_n it_o begin_v to_o congeal_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o successive_o from_o the_o more_o outward_a part_n approach_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o same_o equal_a slowness_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o raise_v of_o the_o level_n in_o the_o neck_n the_o ice_n be_v not_o throughout_o equal_a as_o the_o other_o but_o break_v and_o shoot_v into_o irregular_a vein_n and_o ray_n and_o every_o where_o interwoven_a be_v repeat_v the_o second_o freeze_a be_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o as_o the_o first_o and_o make_v it_o with_o the_o same_o water_n boil_v we_o find_v no_o great_a difference_n the_o freeze_a of_o fig-water_n ficoncella_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 98_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 100_o 2_o 19_o 19_o abatement_n 71_o 29_o 288_o 269_o rest_n 71_o  _fw-fr 363_o 75_o remount_v 83_o 12_o 816_o 453_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 200_o 117_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o freeze_a of_o the_o best_a red_a florence_n wine_n chianti_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n differ_v deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 141_o  _fw-fr 141_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 143_o 2_o 137_o 4_o 15_o 15_o abatement_n 77_o ½_o 65_o ½_o 27_o ½_o 109_o ½_o 600_o 585_o rest_n 77_o ½_o  _fw-fr 23_o ½_o 4_o 695_o 95_o remount_v 81_o 4_o 15_o 7_o ½_o 1035_o 340_o from_o the_o 81_o ½_o deg._n it_o visible_o accelerate_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o level_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o freeze_v without_o any_o other_o motion_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o freeze_a of_o white_a muscadine_n bianco_n  _fw-fr the_n deg._n of_o the_o vessel_n differ_v deg._n of_o therm_n differ_v vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o  _fw-fr 139_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 142_o ½_o 2_o ½_o 132_o 7_o 16_o 16_o abatement_n 77_o 65_o ½_o 24_o 108_o 660_o 644_o be_v come_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o 77_o without_o any_o rest_n or_o stop_v it_o begin_v to_o rise_v with_o a_o little_o swift_a motion_n than_o we_o observe_v the_o liquor_n use_v to_o remount_v with_o which_o freeze_v in_o the_o instant_n of_o that_o they_o exert_v their_o violent_a spring_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o have_v some_o ice_n next_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o freeze_a of_o distil_v vinegar_n bianco_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 141_o  _fw-fr 140_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 143_o 2_o 134_o 14_o 11_o 11_o abatement_n 75_o 68_o 24_o 110_o 735_o 724_o remount_v 79_o 4_o 19_o 5_o 1175_o 440_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 273_o 194_o 19_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr which_o velocity_n be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o considerable_o great_a than_o that_o of_o muscadine_n cinnamon_n water_n and_o simple_a vinegar_n the_o freeze_a of_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n limoni_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n state_n natural_a 142_o  _fw-fr 143_o  _fw-fr rise_n upon_o immersion_n 144_o 2_o 134_o 9_o abatement_n 84_o 160_o 32_o 102_o when_o it_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o 84_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o begin_v to_o rise_v again_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n gentle_o freeze_v the_o freeze_a of_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n vitriolo_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 142_o 1_o ½_o 133_o 7_o ½_o 15_o 15_o abatement_n 90_o 52_o 37_o ½_o 95_o ½_o 420_o 405_o this_o liquor_n do_v likewise_o not_o rest_v at_o all_o but_o be_v reduce_v to_o 90_o deg_n begin_v to_o remount_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o a_o slow_a uniform_a motion_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n shoot_v itself_o in_o several_a plane_n of_o ice_n from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o the_o liquor_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o fair_a water_n set_v to_o freeze_v by_o itself_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o freeze_a of_o oil_n olio_fw-la  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o  _fw-fr fall_n upon_o immer_n 122_o 18_o abatement_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr when_o it_o have_v contract_v itself_o all_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o there_o congeal_a without_o the_o least_o rarefaction_n for_o it_o may_v be_v the_o freeze_a oil_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o fluid_a whereas_o all_o other_o ice_n swim_v upon_o their_o fluid_n spirit_n of_o wine_n condense_n extreme_o but_o never_o rarefy_v afterward_o nor_o afford_v any_o ice_n experiment_n of_o natural_a freeze_a although_o the_o freezing_n we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o have_v be_v call_v by_o we_o artificial_a yet_o that_o take_v not_o from_o their_o be_v the_o true_a work_n of_o nature_n own_o hand_n now_o the_o same_o nature_n act_v by_o other_o method_n and_o it_o may_v be_v with_o the_o only_a ingredient_n of_o the_o air_n we_o be_v curious_a to_o know_v if_o any_o variety_n in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o operation_n may_v be_v discover_v in_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n by_o other_o mean_n and_o when_o we_o already_o have_v this_o before_o we_o we_o attempt_v to_o draw_v thence_o some_o other_o conclusion_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n the_o first_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o common_a water_n in_o the_o air._n it_o be_v already_o declare_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n that_o the_o artificial_a ice_n in_o the_o then_o describe_v vessel_n proceed_v from_o a_o beginning_n very_o soft_a and_o incompact_a especial_o in_o regard_n of_o those_o make_v in_o the_o winter_n air_n which_o though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o sudden_o make_v but_o begin_v from_o a_o thin_a coat_n or_o hair-like_a vein_n scarce_o discernible_a yet_o those_o vein_n or_o coat_n except_v their_o brittleness_n which_o come_v from_o their_o be_v so_o very_o small_a be_v more_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n and_o as_o it_o be_v more_o cristaline_a and_o solid_a ice_n and_o very_o admirable_a be_v that_o lusus_fw-la naturae_fw-la which_o for_o many_o year_n we_o have_v observe_v in_o natural_a freezing_n viz._n set_v water_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o spring_n in_o several_a vessel_n as_o of_o earth_n of_o metal_n and_o of_o glass_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o tall_a glass_n or_o broad_a bowl_n some_o part-filled_n some_o quite-filled_a some_o open_a other_o covered_z and_o in_o several_a sort_n of_o bottle_n with_o different_a mouth_n some_o only_o stop_v with_o cotton_n other_o seal_v at_o a_o flame_n be_v all_o set_v in_o the_o same_o place_n undisturbed_a or_o beside_o one_o another_o upon_o a_o table_n sometime_o that_o vessel_n which_o have_v least_o be_v first_o freeze_v sometime_o that_o which_o have_v most_o and_o so_o in_o all_o the_o vessel_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o form_n or_o fullness_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o material_n we_o may_v positive_o aver_v that_o earthen_a vessel_n freeze_v the_o contain_v fluid_a soon_o than_o either_o metal_n or_o glass_n but_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n we_o have_v find_v nothing_o so_o constant_a as_o the_o perpetual_a irregularity_n of_o the_o accident_n and_o among_o other_o there_o have_v some_o vessel_n stand_v all_o night_n without_o the_o least_o coat_n of_o ice_n when_o some_o next_o to_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o vessel_n set_v to_o freeze_v in_o the_o same_o night_n we_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a variety_n whether_o place_v north_n south_n east_n or_o west_n and_o as_o well_o those_o vessel_n which_o have_v stand_v more_o southwardly_a have_v be_v freeze_v first_o as_o at_o other_o time_n those_o that_o stand_v more_o northwardly_a though_o the_o cold_a general_o come_v from_o that_o tract_n with_o we_o and_o sometime_o those_o eastward_o sometime_o those_o westward_n have_v get_v the_o better_a nay_o sometime_o both_o have_v surpass_v the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o at_o other_o time_n be_v vanquish_v by_o they_o the_o method_n also_o observe_v in_o freeze_a be_v very_o curious_a the_o water_n begin_v first_o to_o congeal_v at_o the_o top_n round_o the_o edge_n and_o from_o that_o list_n of_o ice_n shoot_v several_a small_a thread_n to_o the_o middle_n after_o which_o it_o send_v other_o downward_o and_o that_o indifferent_o from_o all_o part_n by_o degree_n these_o thread_n become_v ragged_a yet_o
stiff_a against_o the_o instrument_n and_o at_o last_o both_o be_v loosen_v so_o that_o the_o cross_n be_v at_o liberty_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o table_n whereon_o we_o set_v the_o instrument_n within_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o ring_n after_o this_o pour_v the_o hot_a water_n out_o we_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n dissolve_v and_o it_o not_o only_o hold_v the_o cross_n again_o but_o with_o great_a firmness_n than_o at_o first_o the_o four_o experiment_n to_o find_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o metal_n 1._o have_v bend_v a_o small_a plate_n of_o tin_n like_o a_o stirrup_n and_o hang_v it_o up_o so_o as_o the_o two_o extremity_n may_v touch_v a_o plane_n put_v under_o they_o upon_o which_o we_o draw_v two_o line_n where_o the_o aforenamed_a extremity_n must_v necessary_o strike_v if_o they_o have_v be_v prolong_v we_o than_o put_v a_o live_v cole_n over_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o attentive_o observe_v one_o of_o the_o point_n we_o discern_v that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o part_v from_o the_o line_n draw_v within_o it_o and_o this_o be_v when_o the_o convex_a of_o the_o plate_n only_o be_v heat_v dilate_a itself_o and_o the_o concave_n be_v contract_v but_o when_o it_o have_v penetrate_v which_o it_o soon_o do_v the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o tin_n be_v then_o equal_o dilate_v the_o point_n not_o only_o again_o reach_v the_o line_n but_o pass_v beyond_o it_o more_o or_o less_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o heat_v communicate_v by_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o stirrup_n the_o five_o experiment_n to_o observe_v by_o the_o sound_a the_o like_a dilatation_n in_o a_o stirrup_n of_o glass_n 2._o we_o fit_v a_o minikin_n to_o a_o broad_a stirrup_n of_o glass_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n and_o tune_v it_o a_o octave_n to_o the_o string_n of_o a_o guitarre_n and_o apply_v the_o heat_n to_o it_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v to_o the_o stirrup_n of_o tin_n when_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o affect_v the_o concave_a superficies_n thereof_o but_o only_o the_o convex_a tab._n 16._o p._n 110._o the_o tone_n be_v flatter_v because_o as_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n the_o aperture_n be_v lessen_v and_o consequent_o the_o string_n slacken_v but_o when_o the_o heat_n have_v penetrate_v quite_o through_o the_o string_n be_v straighten_a so_o as_o the_o sound_n be_v sharp_a than_o the_o first_o tune_v the_o six_o experiment_n discover_v the_o same_o effect_v more_o clear_o to_o the_o eye_n 3._o we_o fasten_v to_o the_o same_o string_n with_o a_o bit_n of_o thread_n a_o small_a leaden_a plummet_n and_o put_v under_o it_o a_o little_a plate_n of_o glass_n so_o as_o not_o quite_o to_o touch_v the_o weight_n and_o apply_v fire_n to_o the_o usual_a place_n the_o effect_v as_o to_o the_o stirrup_n be_v the_o very_a same_o as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o be_v at_o first_o draw_v together_o the_o cord_n become_v slack_a and_o the_o weight_n rest_v upon_o the_o plate_n of_o glass_n but_o at_o last_o extend_v the_o aperture_n it_o strain_v the_o cord_n and_o raise_v up_o the_o plummet_n the_o contrary_a effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o ice_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o the_o coal_n but_o sensible_o less_o in_o proportion_n as_o its_o activity_n be_v less_o than_o the_o fire_n the_o seven_o experiment_n show_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o wire_n string_n minugie_a ricotto_n a_o leaden_a plummet_n be_v fasten_v to_o a_o nealed_a brass-wire_n and_o hang_v over_o a_o glass_n plate_n at_o a_o little_a distance_n therefrom_o draw_v near_a to_o touch_v it_o as_o the_o wire_n become_v heat_v by_o apply_v a_o light_a candle_n to_o it_o and_o still_o retire_v from_o it_o upon_o every_o little_a rub_v with_o ice_n ottone_v in_o like_a manner_n two_o wire_n of_o mix_a brass_n tune_v unison_n so_o that_o one_o be_v strike_v the_o other_o sound_v be_v make_v discordant_a either_o by_o approach_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o live_v coale_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o by_o lengthen_v the_o wire_n make_v the_o tone_n flatter_v and_o this_o by_o shorten_v it_o sharpen_v the_o sound_n thereof_o the_o eight_o experiment_n whereby_o from_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n it_o be_v confirm_v that_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o liquor_n come_v from_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v alter_v in_o the_o instant_n of_o immersion_n it_o may_v happen_v upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n of_o vessel_n into_o the_o ambient_fw-la hot_a or_o cold_a body_n that_o the_o level_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n show_v a_o different_a effect_n from_o that_o beforenamed_n that_o be_v that_o it_o may_v immediate_o rise_v in_o a_o hot_a ambient_fw-la 4._o and_o subside_o in_o a_o cold_a one_o this_o will_v be_v always_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v make_v in_o the_o shape_n represent_v by_o the_o figure_n in_o this_o upon_o the_o first_o touch_n of_o warm_a water_n the_o liquor_n will_v present_o rise_v because_o in_o the_o lateral_a angle_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o thick_a of_o metal_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o hollow_a face_n the_o heat_n act_v first_o upon_o the_o outward_a superficies_n lessen_v those_o angles_n as_o we_o say_v before_o it_o do_v to_o the_o stirrup_n of_o glass_n and_o so_o necessary_o come_v to_o stretch_v the_o thin_a hollow_v part_n which_o dilate_v inward_o happen_v at_o first_o to_o lessen_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o to_o raise_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o neck_n which_o fall_v again_o from_o that_o space_n new_o fill_v when_o the_o heat_n have_v penetrate_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o vessel_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o uniform_o return_v to_o its_o first_o size_n and_o large_a and_o at_o last_o the_o liquor_n rise_v again_o when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o fiery_a corpuscel_n it_o begin_v to_o rarify_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o contrary_a to_o this_o be_v observe_v from_o cold_a the_o same_o cause_n act_v contrary_o and_o note_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v lessen_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o hand_n only_o make_v upon_o two_o opposite_a hollow_a side_n nor_o can_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o hand_n rarify_n it_o for_o it_o be_v raise_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o press_v the_o vessel_n with_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n the_o use_n of_o the_o next_o instrument_n may_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v from_o its_o figure_n be_v only_o a_o plate_n of_o steel_n 5._o perforate_v with_o circle_n of_o divers_a measure_n to_o observe_v the_o different_a increasing_n cause_v by_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n give_v to_o the_o same_o or_o several_a conical_a ring_n of_o metal_n the_o nine_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o a_o vessel_n may_v be_v distend_v not_o only_o by_o heat_n or_o by_o soak_v up_o of_o moisture_n but_o also_o by_o weight_n there_o be_v make_v two_o vessel_n of_o glass_n 6._o the_o one_o conical_a the_o other_o pyramidal_a and_o let_v they_o into_o a_o thick_a table_n we_o mark_v round_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n how_o far_o they_o sink_v down_o then_o take_v they_o out_o we_o fill_v they_o with_o mercury_n and_o put_v they_o again_o into_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o table_n but_o they_o will_v not_o go_v down_o so_o low_a as_o the_o mark_v make_v at_o first_o because_o they_o be_v distend_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o mercury_n weight_n experiment_n about_o the_o compression_n of_o water_n that_o experiment_n do_v not_o always_o reach_v the_o truth_n aim_v at_o be_v not_o from_o any_o defect_n of_o the_o idea_n conceive_v of_o they_o in_o the_o mind_n but_o rather_o happen_v from_o the_o necessity_n we_o have_v of_o material_a body_n and_o corruptible_a instrument_n to_o put_v our_o conception_n in_o practice_n which_o though_o of_o themselves_o unable_a to_o blemish_v the_o theory_n and_o speculative_a part_n yet_o through_o the_o default_n in_o their_o substance_n be_v not_o always_o capable_a of_o second_v our_o thought_n but_o we_o must_v not_o hence_o conclude_v the_o experimental_a method_n fallacious_a in_o the_o quest_n of_o natural_a event_n for_o though_o by_o it_o we_o may_v sometime_o come_v short_a of_o the_o very_a depth_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o we_o first_o seek_v after_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_a if_o it_o do_v not_o give_v some_o glimmering_n and_o mark_n to_o discover_v the_o falsity_n of_o any_o contrary_a supposition_n this_o have_v be_v our_o fate_n in_o our_o research_n whether_o water_n can_v suffer_v any_o compression_n as_o air_n do_v in_o which_o attempt_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o weakness_n of_o our_o vessel_n come_v short_a of_o afford_v we_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n we_o make_v use_n of_o glass_n one_o as_o most_o fit_a because_o
deprive_v of_o that_o virtue_n and_o some_o thought_n that_o their_o plain_a superficies_n have_v no_o part_n in_o the_o effect_n see_v when_o the_o diamond_n have_v depth_n though_o smooth_v and_o polish_a upon_o the_o wheel_n it_o draw_v vigorous_o whereas_o the_o flat_a table-stone_n that_o be_v shallow_a such_o as_o be_v set_v in_o locket_n at_o the_o end_n of_o necklace_n common_o call_v spear_n though_o very_o large_a when_o strong_o rub_v will_v yet_o not_o draw_v or_o if_o they_o do_v it_o be_v so_o faint_o that_o you_o must_v make_v they_o touch_v some_o hair_n of_o the_o bit_n of_o paper_n or_o straw_n to_o make_v they_o raise_v it_o up_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o some_o may_v be_v find_v that_o have_v a_o little_a force_n yet_o of_o these_o we_o at_o least_o be_v so_o unsuccessful_a as_o to_o find_v but_o few_o we_o indeed_o have_v one_o which_o by_o many_o trial_n for_o several_a day_n we_o be_v never_o able_a to_o make_v attract_v but_o a_o year_n after_o desirous_a to_o see_v the_o same_o try_v again_o we_o take_v the_o same_o ring_n in_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v set_v and_o have_v but_o slight_o rub_v it_o as_o we_o use_v to_o do_v upon_o the_o cloth_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v hold_v to_o the_o bit_n of_o paper_n it_o draw_v it_o vigorous_o this_o same_o effect_n be_v often_o observe_v with_o wonder_n by_o all_o those_o that_o the_o year_n before_o have_v often_o attempt_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v it_o draw_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o we_o say_v at_o first_o the_o fauset_n i._n e._n those_o that_o be_v ground_n of_o their_o own_o octoedral_n figure_n seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v in_o fine_a since_o amber_n and_o all_o electrick_a body_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v obstruct_v by_o a_o very_a thin_a veil_n place_v between_o they_o and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v attract_v therefore_o take_v a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n we_o make_v several_a little_a lattice_n in_o it_o and_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o close_a network_n of_o hair_n another_o with_o the_o lint_n of_o a_o fine_a rag_n a_o three_o with_o a_o leaf_n of_o gold_n the_o success_n be_v that_o the_o electick_a power_n of_o the_o amber_n do_v not_o penetrate_v they_o experiment_n about_o alter_a the_o colour_n of_o several_a flvid_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a among_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o chemist_n than_o their_o fantastic_a humour_n of_o change_a colour_n we_o indeed_o do_v not_o profess_o meddle_v therewith_o and_o if_o any_o such_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o be_v move_v thereto_o from_o the_o occasion_n we_o have_v of_o make_v use_n of_o some_o liquor_n fit_a to_o examine_v the_o quality_n of_o natural_a spring_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v relate_v the_o little_a that_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n again_o remind_v the_o reader_n that_o by_o the_o perfixt_a name_n of_o essay_n we_o will_v intimate_v that_o we_o do_v not_o presume_v we_o have_v examine_v these_o matter_n with_o all_o the_o 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same_o clock_n though_o indeed_o that_o which_o be_v eastward_o and_o so_o against_o the_o wind_n be_v observe_v much_o more_o languid_a than_o that_o which_o be_v westward_o the_o three_o experiment_n of_o the_o equability_n of_o motion_n in_o sound_n one_o of_o our_o academy_n take_v occasion_n from_o those_o experiment_n to_o think_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o sound_n may_v be_v equable_v as_o well_o as_o equal_o swift_a we_o argue_v that_o thence_o if_o true_a many_o curious_a and_o profitable_a hint_n may_v be_v gain_v but_o first_o to_o be_v full_o satisfy_v if_o there_o be_v real_o any_o such_o equability_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o of_o our_o mile_n exact_o measure_v which_o be_v about_o 3000_o of_o our_o braccia_n or_o 5925_o foot_n mastio_n we_o fire_v several_a piece_n that_o be_v six_o harquebuse_n and_o as_o many_o chamber_n at_o each_o whereof_o from_o the_o flash_n to_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o report_n we_o count_v ten_o whole_a vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n each_o for_o which_o be_v half_o a_o second_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n at_o half_a a_o miles_n distance_n that_o be_v at_o the_o mid_a way_n we_o observe_v it_o to_o be_v exact_o in_o half_a the_o time_n always_o count_v at_o each_o report_n about_o five_o vibration_n wherefore_o we_o rest_v satisfy_v of_o the_o certain_o of_o this_o equability_n the_o consequence_n which_o we_o pretend_v will_v follow_v from_o this_o equability_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v that_o by_o the_o flash_n and_o sound_v of_o divers_a shot_n we_o may_v obtain_v a_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n particular_o at_o sea_n of_o ship_n rock_n and_o isle_n where_o we_o can_v come_v to_o take_v several_a bearing_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o use_v the_o common_a instrument_n we_o may_v also_o by_o a_o single_a stroke_n make_v upon_o wood_n stone_n or_o metal_n or_o any_o other_o sound_v body_n judge_v how_o far_o off_o he_o be_v that_o give_v the_o blow_n tell_v the_o vibration_n between_o the_o stroke_n see_v and_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o noise_n which_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v favourable_a may_v be_v hear_v for_o some_o mile_n and_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a as_o well_o as_o curious_a to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o cloud_n from_o we_o and_o of_o what_o height_n from_o the_o earth_n thunder_n be_v generate_v count_v the_o vibration_n between_o the_o lightning_n and_o the_o blow_n if_o we_o will_v likewise_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n which_o because_o of_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o interposition_n of_o hill_n we_o can_v have_v a_o sight_n of_o yet_o with_o ease_n we_o may_v obtain_v it_o and_o that_o by_o two_o discharge_v answer_v each_o other_o so_o that_o to_o our_o fire_n at_o one_o place_n they_o must_v return_v another_o at_o the_o other_o place_n and_o take_v the_o middle_a time_n
difference_n be_v 26944_o gr_n which_o be_v the_o absolute_a weight_n of_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a ball_n and_o lead_v then_o press_v the_o ball_n together_o as_o much_o as_o its_o thickness_n will_v bear_v without_o let_v the_o air_n out_o and_o weigh_v it_o in_o the_o air_n with_o all_o the_o lead_n it_o be_v find_v 31209_o and_o this_o we_o conclude_v be_v the_o absolute_a weight_n in_o uncompressed_a air_n as_o that_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o ball_n before_o it_o be_v batter_v together_o in_o this_o state_n all_o be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n again_o and_o weigh_v it_o be_v find_v gr_o 12518_o which_o substract_v from_o gr_n 31209_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ball_n press_v together_o in_o the_o air_n there_o remain_v gr_n 18691_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o same_o lead_n and_o batter_v ball._n this_o weight_n then_o of_o gr_n 18691_o be_v substract_v from_o the_o other_o of_o gr_n 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thence_o for_o if_o it_o be_v real_o so_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o whereas_o that_o little_a moisture_n be_v always_o find_v in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o be_v only_o a_o little_a of_o the_o humidity_n which_o the_o force_n of_o the_o cold_a drove_n out_o of_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o ball_n and_o stick_v as_o a_o cover_n to_o the_o inside_n thereof_o some_o experiment_n concern_v light_n and_o its_o effect_n the_o first_o experiment_n of_o the_o instantaneous_a motion_n of_o light_n 1638._o galileo_n in_o the_o first_o dialogue_n of_o his_o treatise_n of_o two_o new_a science_n suggest_v a_o easy_a way_n to_o discover_v whether_o light_n move_v in_o time_n or_o with_o a_o instantaneaus_a velocity_n the_o trial_n consist_v in_o the_o confederacy_n of_o two_o company_n of_o man_n to_o expose_v two_o light_n to_o each_o other_o view_n so_o that_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o one_o may_v answer_v immediate_o to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o that_o when_o the_o one_o uncover_v their_o light_n and_o expose_v it_o they_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v the_o light_n of_o their_o confederate_n this_o be_v often_o practise_v at_o a_o small_a distance_n galileo_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o same_o try_v by_o observer_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n to_o see_v if_o the_o mutual_a correspondence_n of_o expose_v and_o cover_v their_o light_n keep_v the_o same_o measure_n as_o when_o near_o that_o be_v without_o any_o observable_a delay_n we_o try_v it_o at_o a_o miles_n distance_n which_o in_o the_o go_v forward_o and_o return_v of_o the_o light_n must_v be_v reckon_v two_o and_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o if_o in_o a_o great_a distance_n it_o be_v possible_a to_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a delay_n we_o have_v not_o yet_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o try_v the_o second_o experiment_n of_o fiâ—ing_a body_n with_o a_o burning-glass_n etc._n the_o light_n refract_v by_o a_o crystal_n lens_n or_o reflect_v by_o a_o burn_a concave_n will_v not_o fire_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o make_v opaque_v by_o a_o tincture_n among_o other_o combustible_a matter_n gunpowder_n fire_n upon_o the_o unite_n the_o ray_n of_o a_o lens_n or_o concave_n but_o the_o perfume_a pastil_v white_a balsam_n storax_n and_o incerse_n melt_v but_o will_v never_o take_v fire_n likewise_o paper_n and_o fine_a white_a holland_n when_o expose_v flat_a to_o the_o reverberatory_n of_o a_o large_a concave_n at_o length_n fire_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n that_o the_o light_n will_v not_o inflame_v any_o white_a body_n as_o be_v general_o think_v indeed_o they_o take_v fire_n with_o more_o difficulty_n than_o colour_a body_n and_o it_o may_v be_v with_o a_o small_a concave_n or_o lens_n they_o will_v not_o fire_n the_o three_o experiment_n of_o body_n afford_v light_n beside_o fire-stone_n there_o be_v other_o body_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a conservatory_n of_o light_n for_o by_o strike_v they_o together_o or_o by_o break_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a they_o sparkle_v such_o be_v white-sugar_n loaf-sugar_n and_o salgemme_n in_o the_o stone_n all_o which_o be_v break_v in_o a_o mortar_n give_v forth_o so_o great_a a_o light_n as_o distinct_o to_o discern_v the_o side_n of_o the_o mortar_n and_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o pestle_n thereby_o but_o we_o have_v not_o succeed_v to_o see_v the_o same_o appearance_n in_o pound_v common_a stone-salt_n alumn_n or_o nitre_n nor_o in_o coral_n the_o yellow_a or_o black_a amber_n grâ—â—ats_n or_o marchasite_n but_o rock-chrystal_n and_o agate_n and_o oriental_a jasper_n either_o strike_v together_o or_o break_v give_v a_o clear_a light_n experiment_n about_o the_o digestion_n of_o some_o animal_n wonder_v be_v the_o force_n wherewith_o the_o digestion_n of_o the_o hen_n and_o duck-kind_n be_v perform_v for_o they_o
be_v cram_v with_o little_a ball_n of_o solid_a crystal_n be_v dissect_v by_o we_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n and_o open_v their_o ventricles_n in_o the_o sun_n they_o seem_v to_o we_o cover_v all_o over_o with_o a_o glitter_a coat_n which_o examine_v with_o a_o microscope_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v only_o strew_v over_o with_o exquisite_o fine_a and_o impalpable_a powder_n of_o crystal_n in_o other_o likewise_o cram_v with_o hollow_a bubble_n of_o crystal-glass_n with_o a_o small_a hole_n in_o they_o we_o be_v amaze_v to_o find_v of_o the_o say_a bubble_n some_o already_o break_v and_o powder_v other_o only_o crack_v and_o fill_v with_o a_o whitish_a substance_n like_o curdle_a milk_n get_v in_o at_o the_o small_a hole_n and_o we_o also_o observe_v that_o those_o be_v better_a powder_v than_o the_o other_o which_o have_v in_o the_o maw_n with_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o small_a stone_n and_o it_o be_v less_o strange_a that_o they_o break_v and_o grind_v to_o piece_n cork_n and_o any_o hard_a wood_n as_o cypress_n and_o beech_n and_o rub_v to_o powder_v olive-stone_n the_o hard_a pineapple_n kernel_n and_o pistache_n put_v down_o their_o mouth_n with_o the_o husk_n on_o pistol_z bullet_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n we_o have_v find_v much_o batter_v and_o several_a little_a hollow_a square_a box_n of_o tin_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v some_o scratch_v and_o batter_v other_o tear_v open_a from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o finis_fw-la a_o table_n of_o the_o principal_a matter_n contain_v in_o this_o work_n a._n academy_n del_fw-it cimento_fw-mi intend_v not_o to_o dispute_v of_o the_o experiment_n page_n 16_o and_o 33._o air_n diminish_v the_o force_n of_o all_o body_n that_o cut_v it_o p._n 146._o perhaps_o in_o continual_a motion_n p_o 14._o press_v together_o those_o bladder_n that_o seem_v full_a in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 18._o dilate_v and_o expand_v itself_o in_o vacuo_fw-la ib._n what_o remain_v in_o the_o void_a space_n above_o the_o mercury_n press_v not_o thereon_o p._n 23._o when_o it_o be_v dilate_v beyond_o the_o state_n of_o its_o natural_a compressure_n p._n 23._o the_o measure_n thereof_o ib._n proportion_n between_o air_n natural_a and_o air_n expand_v as_o 1_o to_o 174._o p_o 24_o when_o most_o rarify_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n of_o animal_n p._n 61._o of_o alter_a the_o colour_n of_o several_a fluid_n p._n 133._o amber_n in_o vacuo_fw-la lose_v its_o electric_n quality_n p._n 43._o which_o sort_n rich_a in_o that_o quality_n p_o 128._o attract_v any_o thing_n but_o flâ—me_n p._n 129._o rub_v upon_o smooth_a body_n attract_v not_o p._n 130_o act_n no_o more_o upon_o the_o attract_a body_n than_o it_o suffer_v thereby_o p._n 130._o act_n upon_o all_o liquid_n ib._n by_o what_o liquor_n hinder_v from_o attract_v p._n 131._o antiperistasis_n experiment_n against_o it_o p._n 151._o attraction_n by_o what_o hinder_v in_o amber_n by_o the_o same_o also_o in_o other_o body_n of_o electic_a virtue_n p._n 129._o a_o peculiar_a effect_n observe_v in_o the_o attraction_n of_o rose_n and_o table_n diamond_n p._n 13â—_n b._n ball_n of_o glass_n burst_v with_o great_a violence_n p._n 150_o a_o barbel_n take_v alive_a out_o of_o a_o vacuum_n and_o keep_v in_o a_o pond_n with_o some_o observable_n thereon_o p._n 66_o bird_n soon_o kill_v in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o why_o p._n 63_o bladder_n of_o fish_n in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 66_o blâ—bs_n in_o ice_n what_o p._n 71_o brass_n to_o what_o thickness_n burst_v by_o frost_n p._n 77_o bullet_n not_o wrap_v about_o fly_v far_o with_o the_o same_o charge_n of_o powder_n than_o those_o that_o be_v p._n 144_o c._n cane_n of_o glass_n how_o make_v to_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o finger_n easy_o p._n 26_o cement_n to_o join_v together_o the_o mouth_n of_o vessel_n p._n 17_o change_n of_o air_n produce_v a_o alteration_n in_o experiment_n p._n 1_o change_a of_o colour_n in_o several_a liquor_n p._n 133_o circle_n in_o water_n move_v swift_a as_o the_o force_n that_o make_v they_o be_v great_a p._n 139_o clock_n uncapable_a to_o show_v the_o minute_n division_n of_o time_n p._n 10._o why_o make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a p._n 82_o cold_a whether_o reflect_v by_o glass_n as_o heat_n and_o light_n be_v p._n 103_o cold_a and_o heat_n cloud_n and_o mist_n increase_v and_o lessen_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 15._o suppose_v by_o some_o the_o parent_n of_o rock_n crystal_n and_o gem_n p._n 70._o whether_o any_o thing_n positive_a or_o only_o a_o privation_n of_o heat_n p._n 70._o once_o impress_v upon_o a_o fluid_n shoot_v it_o into_o ice_n after_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n p._n 80._o *_o whether_o cause_v by_o a_o intrusion_n of_o frigorifique_a atom_n p._n 152_o d._n dew_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o glass_n freeze_v p._n 102_o diamond_n how_o generate_v according_a to_o plato_n p._n 70_o table_n diamond_n less_o electric_n than_o rose_n p._n 131_o digestion_n of_o some_o animal_n how_o perform_v several_a experiment_n thereon_o p._n 160_o drop_n of_o liquor_n think_v to_o be_v spherical_a from_o the_o air_n pressure_n p._n 40_o disprove_v p._n 41_o e._n a_o cold_a ebullition_n cause_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n p._n 153_o a_o strange_a effect_n of_o heat_n in_o sublime_a liquor_n include_v in_o vessel_n p._n 150_o electricity_n what_o substance_n impregnate_v therewith_o p._n 128_o experiment_n require_v a_o exact_a measure_n of_o time_n p._n 11_o the_o best_a way_n of_o examine_v nature_n p._n 1â—4_n extrusion_n or_o pulsion_n of_o body_n a_o thing_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n more_o especial_o evident_a from_o a_o passage_n in_o plato_n timeus_n p._n 118_o f._n fire_n and_o its_o effluvia_fw-la what_o effect_v they_o have_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 46_o fish_n keep_v a_o while_n in_o vacuo_fw-la dye_n disgorge_v some_o air._n p._n 65_o flame_n divert_v and_o abate_v the_o virtue_n of_o amber_n p._n 129_o fluid_n apt_a to_o move_v and_o why_o p._n 13_o why_o different_a fluid_n be_v raise_v to_o different_a height_n by_o the_o incumbent_a air_n p._n 14._o fluids_n add_v to_o the_o air_n pressure_n raise_v the_o mercury_n above_o the_o usuâ—_n height_n p._n 30_o force_n of_o rarifaction_n in_o freeze_a water_n how_o great_a p._n 77_o how_o think_v reducible_a to_o dead_a weight_n ib._n freeze_a how_o cause_v in_o fluids_n p._n 95_o artificial_a with_o its_o procedure_n and_o accident_n p._n 77_o *_o make_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n almost_o instantaneous_a p._n 80_o *_o what_o order_v it_o observe_v in_o divers_a fluid_n p._n 83_o table_n of_o freezing_n p._n ib._n the_o explâ—catian_a of_o the_o term_n use_v in_o the_o table_n of_o freezing_n p._n 81_o those_o of_o the_o same_o fluid_v repeat_v still_o uniform_a p._n 84_o natural_a freeze_a with_o the_o procedure_n thereof_o p._n 95_o diversity_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o vessel_n cause_v some_o little_a diversity_n in_o the_o freezing_n p._n 96_o whether_o cause_v by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n p._n 70_o froth_n in_o vacuo_fw-la expand_v itself_o p._n 59_o a_o sort_n of_o funnel_n to_o fill_v vessel_n with_o narrow_a neck_n p._n 3_o g._n gem_n transparent_a all_o electric_n more_z or_o less_o p._n 128_o glass_n vessel_n enlarge_v by_o hot_a water_n and_o lessen_v by_o cold_a p._n 104_o stretch_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o contain_v mercury_n p._n 113_o impenetrable_a by_o odour_n and_o moisture_n p._n 155_o glass_n ball_n burst_v with_o great_a violence_n p._n 150_o glass_n and_o crystal_n electrical_a p._n 128_o gold_n vessel_n distend_v by_o the_o force_n of_o freeze_a p._n 76_o gunpowder_n fire_v with_o a_o burn_a glass_n p._n 144_o h._n height_n of_o liquor_n set_v in_o hot_a water_n or_o ice_n alter_v by_o the_o dilate_v or_o contract_n of_o the_o vessel_n p._n 105_o horizontal_a discharge_n of_o cannon_n dispatch_v the_o ball_n in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o fall_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o piece_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o ground_n p._n 143_o humidity_n of_o wind_n how_o distinguish_v p._n 9_o i._n ice_n according_a to_o galileo_n be_v water_n rarify_v not_o condense_v p._n 71_o have_v not_o its_o full_a hardness_n at_o first_o p._n 95_o produce_v by_o art_n tender_a than_o the_o natural_a ib._n make_a in_o vacuo_fw-la wherein_o different_a from_o that_o make_v in_o air_n p._n 98_o how_o to_o find_v that_o difference_n ib._n send_v forth_o a_o moist_a exhalation_n p._n 102_o sprinkle_a with_o salt_n destroy_v the_o virtue_n of_o amber_n p._n 129_o the_o cause_n thereof_o propose_v by_o some_o p._n 130_o instrument_n show_v the_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o the_o air_n p._n 2_o show_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 8_o to_o measure_n time_n p._n 10_o show_v the_o different_a
pressure_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 14_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o natural_a compression_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 35._o a_o instrument_n convenient_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 49_o make_a use_n of_o in_o artificial_a freezing_n p._n 77_o *_o iris-green_a what_o p._n 136_o l._n light_n body_n most_o impregnate_v therewith_o p._n 158_o whether_o its_o motion_n instantaneous_a p._n 157_o transcur_n the_o space_n of_o 2_o mile_n in_o a_o undiscernible_a time_n p._n 157_o the_o suppose_a positive_a lightness_n of_o body_n do_v not_o raise_v they_o up_o p._n 118_o experiment_n thereon_o 119_o liquor_n make_v other_o fluid_n turbid_v and_o clear_v again_o p._n 133_o m._n magnet_n not_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o fluid_a or_o solid_a body_n p._n 124_o its_o north_n pole_n weak_a when_o place_v southwards_o than_o northwards_o p._n 127_o mercury_n fit_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 14_o at_o what_o height_n sustain_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 15_o alter_v by_o external_n accident_n ib._n raise_v high_o in_o a_o ambient_fw-la of_o water_n than_o air_n ib._n a_o vial_n fill_v with_o mercury_n not_o run_v out_o p._n 27_o how_o high_a raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o simple_a pressure_n of_o water_n p._n 30_o rise_v or_o fall_v as_o the_o place_n of_o observation_n be_v high_a or_o low_o p._n 35_o dissolve_v snow_n put_v into_o it_o p._n 58_o be_v attract_v by_o amber_n p._n 130_o metal_n of_o the_o vessel_n cause_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o liquor_n freeze_a p._n 96_o which_o sort_n preserve_v ice_n best_a p._n 101_o dilate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n p._n 110_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 8_o motion_n observe_v in_o the_o height_n of_o liquor_n when_o first_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v set_v in_o several_a ambient_n p._n 105_o muscadine_n its_o effect_n in_o freeze_a p._n 92_o n._n nitre_n chill_v water_n when_o mix_v therewith_o p._n 100_o 153_o o._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o water_n produce_v a_o great_a heat_n p._n 153_o and_o with_o all_o fluid_v the_o like_a except_o oil_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ib._n that_o and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a together_o make_v a_o cold_a ebullition_n ib._n etc._n etc._n p._n paper_n white_a fire_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o pearl_n with_o what_o effect_v dissolve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 59_o pendulum_n the_o best_a time-meeter_n p._n 10_o their_o description_n and_o use_n p._n 11_o their_o vibration_n quick_a or_o slow_a according_a to_o their_o length_n p._n 12_o first_o apply_v to_o clock_n by_o galileo_n ib._n plato_n thought_n of_o the_o raise_n up_o of_o fire_n and_o water_n by_o the_o air_n p._n 118_o pole_n of_o the_o magnet_n when_o most_o efficacious_a p._n 127_o prejudices_fw-la against_o material_a instrument_n p._n 114_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n act_v upon_o all_o fluid_n p._n 13_o its_o difference_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 35_o experiment_n in_o favour_n of_o that_o pressure_n p._n 17_o objection_n against_o it_o p._n 19_o the_o reply_n of_o some_o person_n thereto_o p._n 20_o procedure_v observe_v by_o some_o liquor_n in_o freeze_a 77*_n proportion_n of_o air_n natural_a to_o that_o rarify_v not_o still_o the_o same_o p._n 24_o whence_o it_o may_v proceed_v ib._n r._n raise_v of_o fluid_n high_o in_o small_a cane_n not_o only_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o weak_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o they_o p._n 56_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o len_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n p._n 42_o report_n of_o a_o demi-canon_n etc._n etc._n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o ring_n turn_v out_o of_o wood_n by_o imbibe_v moisture_n dilate_v p._n 108_o cilindrical_a ring_n of_o brass_n dilate_v by_o heat_n in_o the_o fire_n p._n 107_o the_o same_o vigorous_o freeze_v contract_v p._n 108_o rod_n of_o steel_n seem_v light_a hot_a than_o cold_a p._n 149_o s._n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a most_o efficacious_a in_o produce_v cold_a p._n 100_o mix_v with_o water_n arrive_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o freeze_a p._n 153_o scale_n for_o the_o velocity_n of_o sound_n p._n 142_o scope_n of_o the_o academy_n in_o their_o experiment_n with_o mercury_n p._n 33_o smoke_n descend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o a_o parabola_fw-la p._n 48_o snow_n melt_v by_o mercury_n p._n 58_o dissolve_v as_o slow_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o the_o open_a air_n ib._n snow-water_n long_o in_o freeze_v than_o other_o liquor_n p._n 90_o yet_o the_o same_o after_o boil_a ib._n sound_n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o how_n propagate_v according_a to_o the_o stoic_n p._n 139_o unalterable_a in_o their_o velocity_n p._n 140_o sound_v of_o a_o bell_n and_o organ_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o air_n p._n 50_o spirit_n of_o wine_n make_v no_o sediment_n p._n 3_o sprinkle_a upon_o ice_n increase_v the_o cold_a p._n 100_o not_o to_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o that_o and_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n ferment_n with_o water_n with_o ebullition_n and_o heat_n p._n 154_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n stop_v fermentation_n and_o chill_v p._n 154_o a_o cold_a steam_n from_o vessel_n fill_v with_o ice_n p._n 102_o sugar_n promote_v freeze_v p._n 100_o superficies_n of_o ice_n how_o raise_v in_o the_o midst_n p._n 97_o t._n table_n of_o freeze_a p._n 83_o thermometer_n what_o p._n 2_o how_o seal_v p._n 3_o use_v in_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a and_o why_o p._n 82_o their_o exactness_n unalterable_a by_o the_o small_a alteration_n of_o the_o capacity_n of_o their_o head_n or_o ball_n p._n 107_o tincture_n of_o rose_n how_o make_v p._n 136_o tincture_n alter_v to_o several_a colour_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o divers_a spirit_n ib._n v._o vacuum_n what_o intend_v thereby_o p._n 16_o make_v better_a with_o mercury_n than_o by_o suction_n p._n 51_o velocity_n communicate_v by_o the_o powder_n to_o the_o bullet_n when_o fire_v downward_o preternatural_a thereto_o according_a to_o galileo_n sentiment_n p._n 144_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n 145_o vessel_n with_o small_a neck_n how_o fill_v p._n 3_o one_o make_v use_n of_o in_o many_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o vacuity_n p._n 49_o of_o several_a material_n burst_v by_o frost_n p._n 72_o of_o earth_n contribute_v most_o to_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n p._n 96_o of_o metal_n and_o glass_n alter_v their_o capacity_n by_o the_o external_a application_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a p._n 104_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o unaltered_a p._n 105_o vibration_n of_o the_o same_o pendulum_n not_o always_o equal_a p._n 11_o vincenzio_n galilei_n first_o adapt_v the_o pendulum_n to_o clockwork_n p._n 13_o vinegar_n style_v dissolve_v pearl_n and_o coral_n p._n 59_o virtue_n electric_n in_o what_o substance_n most_o conspicuous_a p._n 128_o hinder_v by_o the_o least_o obstacle_n interpose_v p._n 132_o virtue_n or_o force_v already_o impress_v upon_o body_n not_o alterable_a by_o a_o new_a direction_n of_o motion_n p._n 145_o w._n water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la rise_v not_o above_o 33_o foot_n 5_o inch_n p._n 15_o how_o try_v with_o other_o liquor_n p._n 31_o with_o what_o care_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o vessel_n p._n 79_o after_o remount_v upon_o freeze_a continue_v to_o rarify_v p._n 81_o in_o specific_a gravity_n to_o ice_n as_o 9_o to_o 8_o or_o as_o 28_o ½_o to_o 25_o p._n 79_o in_o freeze_a force_n through_o the_o screw_n of_o vessel_n p._n 74_o freeze_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 98_o difficult_a if_o at_o all_o to_o be_v compress_v p._n 114_o attempt_v by_o rarifaction_n of_o air_n p._n 115_o dead_a weight_n p._n 116_o percussion_n p._n 117_o still_v in_o lead_n thicken_v fair_a water_n p._n 133_o a_o way_n to_o open_v and_o close_o again_o quick_o and_o easy_o any_o glass_n vessel_n p._n 26_o weight_n able_a to_o enlarge_v the_o capacity_n of_o vessel_n p._n 113_o specific_a weight_n of_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n how_o find_v p._n 147_o wind_n contrary_a or_o favour_v neither_o retard_v nor_o accelerate_v the_o motion_n of_o sound_n p._n 140_o the_o contrary_a only_o weaken_v the_o vivacity_n thereof_o ib._n provando_fw-la e_o riprovandâ—_n tab._n 1._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n bianco_n smalto_n nero._n tab._n 1._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 5._o libecciata_n aquilonari_fw-la libecci_n poneuti_fw-la 17_o bra._n â—_o 3_o tab._n 2._o fig._n 2._o 2._o brac._n 2_o brac._n brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 2._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 2._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 3._o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 4._o fig._n 1._o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 4._o fig._n 3._o br._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 4._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 5._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 2._o brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 3._o 1_o braccio_n br_n 142._o br._n 50._o tab._n 6._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n tab._n 6._o fig._n 2._o ½_o brac._n tab._n 6._o fig._n 3._o â…“_n di_fw-it brac._n â…”_n di_fw-it br._n tab._n 7._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 1._o astr_n opt._n tab._n 8._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 2._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o pastiglia_fw-it nera_fw-mi â…“_n di_fw-mi brac._n 2_o brac._n lucertole_n mignatte_n fig._n 6._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 7._o fig._n 8._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 9_o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 4._o 2_o brac._n ½_o di_fw-it br._n 1_o brac._n ¼_n mignatta_n lumaca_n grilli_n farfalla_n moscone_n lucertola_fw-la uccelletto_fw-it calderugio_n allodola_n passera_fw-fr 1_o brac._n ¼_n granchio_n tenero_fw-la ranocchio_n granchio_n duro_fw-la ranocchio_n pescettâ—_n barbio_n anguilla_n barbio_n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 11._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 7._o lasca_n tab._n 11._o fig._n 8._o lasca_n â—_o br._n 2_o 4_o job_n 38._o ver_fw-la 22._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 2._o 1_o piastra_n tab._n 12._o fig._n 5._o &_o 6._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o ottone_v 2_o piastre_n tab._n 13._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 13._o fig._n 2._o ottone_v ottone_v tab._n 13_o fig._n 4._o â…›_n di_fw-mi brac._n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 14._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n stato_fw-it naturale_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it immersione_n abbassamento_fw-la quiet_n sollevamento_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it agghiacciamento_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 3._o acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it mortella_n acqua_fw-la rosa_fw-la acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it aranci_n aqua_fw-la di_fw-it fravole_fw-it acqua_fw-la di_fw-it cannella_n acqua_fw-la di_fw-it neve_n strutta_n acqua_fw-la della_fw-it ficoncella_n vini_n rosso_n di_fw-fr chianti_n muscadello_n bianco_n aceto_n bianco_n agro_n di_fw-fr limoni_n spirito_n di_fw-fr vitriolo_n olio_fw-la piombo_n stagno_n rame_n ferro_fw-la oro_fw-la argento_n acquarzente_fw-la bicchieri_n tazze_fw-it sparse_fw-mi tab._n 15._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n armilla_n di_fw-fr branzo_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 2_o &_o 3_o tab._n 15._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 15._o fig._n 6._o 1_o brac._n ciambella_n stagno_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 1._o minugia_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 3._o minugie_a rame_n ricotto_n ottone_v tab._n 16._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 1._o rame_n tab._n 17._o fig._n 2._o brac._n 4._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 2._o ambra_fw-mi gialla_n cera_n lacca_n diamante_n zaffiro_fw-la bianco_n smeraldo_n topazio_n bianco_n ambra_fw-mi bianca_n e_fw-it nera_fw-mi lapis_fw-la lazzali_n turchine_n diaspre_n agate_n coralli_fw-la pearl_n metalli_fw-la lapilli_fw-la de_fw-fr sali_n saggina_fw-la bassilico_n gruppiti_fw-la tavole_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la e_o d'_fw-fr anici_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n tincture_n di_fw-mi rose_n rise_v safferano_n verde_n giglio_n vinato_n lacca_n muffa_o moschetto_n artiglieria_n spingarda_n smeriglio_n mezzo-cannone_a spingarda_n mastio_n dialog_n 2d_o de_fw-fr sistemi_fw-it colubrina_n falconetto_n 50_o brac_n their_o mile_n be_v about_o 5925_o f._n colubrinetta_n fasciate_v ignude_v archibuso_n dialogo_fw-la 40_o deal_v trattato_n dell_fw-it 2_o nuove_v scienze_n pettabotta_fw-it 3_o danari_fw-la 4_o br._n balestrone_n br._n 78._o br._n 6._o br._n 100_o br._n 17._o ½_o tab._n 19_o fig._n 3._o 1_o ½_o br._n vetriole_n sal_fw-la nitre_n sal_fw-la armoniaco_fw-it cold_a ebullition_n acquarzente_fw-la sp._n di_o vetriolo_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n olio_fw-la dicera_fw-la quintes_n di_fw-it zolfo_n estratt_n dorina_fw-la di_fw-it cavallo_n sp._n di_fw-mi cedrato_fw-mi starna_n pag._n 43._o edit_fw-la lugd._n 1638._o acquarzente_fw-la pastiglia_fw-it balsamo_n bianco_n etc._n etc._n