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the_o water_n will_v no_o more_o run_v out_o at_o the_o wide_a mouth_n but_o will_v all_o run_v down_o through_o the_o slit._n if_o therefore_o this_o experiment_n hold_v the_o suppose_a run_v of_o the_o water_n to_o place_n far_o off_o and_o their_o manifest_a ascent_n into_o these_o well_n at_o the_o same_o time_n seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n for_o if_o they_o flow_v free_o and_o without_o stop_v without_o doubt_n they_o can_v rise_v on_o high_a which_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o the_o most_o learned_a scaliger_n say_v in_o his_o exercitation_n 100_o who_o inquire_v whether_o water_n may_v run_v under_o other_o water_n say_v that_o near_o the_o river_n oâ—tus_n there_o be_v a_o well_o on_o a_o
in_o timavus_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n remain_v fresh_a for_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o beat_v back_o the_o water_n of_o timavus_n nor_o stop_v his_o course_n in_o the_o surface_n but_o meet_v the_o subterraneous_a river_n swallow_v up_o in_o the_o foresay_a valley_n force_v it_o to_o flow_v back_o and_o throw_v out_o its_o water_n by_o these_o nine_o mouth_n and_o from_o hence_o be_v the_o prodigious_a increase_n of_o the_o river_n timavus_n but_o when_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o give_v leave_v to_o that_o subterraneous_a river_n to_o run_v timavus_n also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o that_o great_a regurgitation_n of_o the_o water_n cease_v run_v quiet_o enough_o and_o with_o all_o his_o sweetness_n into_o the_o adriatic_a neither_o kircher_n nor_o falloppius_n determine_v what_o sea_n they_o suppose_v to_o flow_v into_o these_o cavity_n for_o the_o mediterranean_a do_v not_o rise_v high_a enough_o to_o answer_v the_o case_n see_v it_o flow_v but_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o most_o which_o be_v in_o the_o adriatic_a if_o they_o mean_v the_o atlantic_a which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v 9_o fathom_n in_o many_o to_o 2_o 1_o 2_o to_z 3_o or_o 5_o yet_o perhaps_o that_o will_v not_o answer_v the_o case_n neither_o for_o it_o have_v a_o great_a way_n to_o come_v before_o it_o can_v come_v to_o reach_v the_o place_n and_o when_o it_o have_v swell_v to_o the_o height_n there_o consider_v the_o nine_o mouth_n of_o timavus_n be_v in_o a_o mountainous_a country_n which_o may_v be_v just_o suppose_v elevate_v far_o above_o the_o sea_n when_o at_o the_o high_a this_o solution_n of_o the_o phenomen_fw-la will_v not_o hold_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o more_o rational_a to_o explain_v it_o thus_o i_o suppose_v the_o water_n come_v from_o st._n cantians_n to_o run_v under_o ground_n in_o a_o canale_n 〈◊〉_d which_o it_o fill_v quite_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n for_o the_o air_n that_o way_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o basin_n a_o b_o c_o which_o it_o fill_v so_o as_o to_o overflow_v into_o the_o sea_n below_o and_o that_o this_o basin_n be_v not_o much_o low_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o timavus_n for_o thus_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n into_o these_o nine_o mouth_n will_v be_v more_o easy_o procure_v i_o suppose_v likewise_o that_o this_o basin_n a_o b_o c_o have_v another_o passage_n g_o h_o by_o which_o the_o outer_a air_n communicate_v with_o the_o water_n in_o this_o basin_n and_o by_o which_o the_o water_n in_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v out_o at_o h_z then_o the_o water_n that_o overflowâ—_n and_o fall_n into_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o ebb_n because_o the_o air_n get_v out_o at_o the_o holes_n below_o near_o the_o surface_n when_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n k_o k_o k_o be_v elevate_v by_o the_o water_n flow_v into_o this_o low_a basin_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o the_o holes_n near_o its_o surface_n by_o which_o the_o air_n get_v out_o before_o be_v now_o stop_v the_o air_n be_v crowd_v between_o the_o surface_n k_o k_o k_o below_z and_o that_o in_o the_o basin_n and_o thus_o acquire_v a_o great_a elasticity_n than_o the_o air_n that_o press_v the_o surface_n within_o the_o pipe_n g_o h_o and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostatisk_n the_o water_n in_o that_o pipe_n must_v ascend_v now_o if_o the_o sea_n flow_v two_o eathom_v below_o it_o may_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n g_o h_o near_a as_o much_o so_o that_o it_o may_v run_v out_o at_o h._n i_o think_v the_o flow_a of_o spring_n and_o lake_n such_o as_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n walker_n tell_v i_o be_v report_v to_o be_v find_v in_o cornwall_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o in_o other_o place_n may_v be_v explain_v very_o well_o after_o this_o manner_n our_o countryman_n falloppius_n give_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o surprise_v phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o this_o who_o word_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v here_o but_o you_o must_v note_v that_o although_o the_o river_n thâ—n_v abound_v with_o water_n yet_o that_o water_n be_v fresh_a as_o â—tis_o also_o when_o it_o decrease_v for_o it_o be_v always_o fresh_a but_o from_o whence_o do_v that_o come_v you_o must_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o country_n of_o carni_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n call_v st._n cantian_n from_o whence_o rise_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o when_o it_o have_v scarce_o appear_v be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n and_o appear_v no_o more_o now_o the_o village_n of_o st._n cantians_n be_v 14_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o river_n timavus_n i_o believe_v therefore_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o mountain_n in_o abundance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o timavus_n for_o i_o think_v that_o this_o water_n flow_v plentiful_o by_o these_o subterraneous_a passage_n which_o meet_v with_o other_o secret_a passage_n by_o which_o the_o sea_n run_v into_o the_o mountain_n next_o to_o the_o river_n and_o that_o so_o there_o be_v a_o congress_n make_v and_o dash_v of_o the_o sea_n water_n against_o the_o other_o which_o run_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n far_o off_o and_o see_v the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o forcible_a than_o the_o fresh_a water_n for_o the_o salt_n water_n be_v more_o gross_a than_o the_o fresh_a it_o happen_v that_o the_o fresh_a water_n flow_v from_o the_o high_a mountain_n yield_v to_o the_o other_o when_o it_o meet_v with_o it_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o when_o in_o can_v run_v to_o the_o sea_n it_o recoil_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o mountain_n abound_v with_o water_n and_o the_o timavus_n increase_v and_o decrease_v such_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n sport_v itself_o may_v be_v more_o easy_o observe_v in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n than_o elsewhere_o see_v the_o mountain_n because_o of_o their_o solid_a texture_n have_v empty_a space_n and_o kettle_n which_o serve_v not_o only_o for_o cistern_n of_o water_n but_o also_o for_o receptacle_n of_o fire_n as_o in_o sicily_n which_o therefore_o aristotle_n call_v full_a of_o cavern_n so_o virgil_n describe_v aristaeus_n go_v down_o into_o the_o secret_a place_n of_o paeneus_n a_o river_n in_o thessaly_n run_v between_o olympus_n and_o ossa_n write_v these_o verse_n jamque_fw-la domum_fw-la mirans_fw-la genetricis_fw-la &_o humida_fw-la regna_fw-la speluncisque_fw-la lacus_fw-la clausos_fw-la lucosque_fw-la sonantes_fw-la ibat_fw-la &_o ingenti_fw-la motu_fw-la stupefactus_fw-la aquarum_fw-la omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la magna_fw-la labentia_fw-la flâ—mina_fw-la terra_fw-la spectabat_fw-la diversa_fw-la locis_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o he_o wander_v go_v through_o court_n and_o crystal_n realm_n loud_a grove_n and_o cave_n which_o water_n overwhelm_v and_o with_o tumultuous_a wave_n astonish_v find_v all_o the_o great_a river_n run_v under_o ground_n there_o be_v many_o of_o these_o subterraneous_a river_n in_o this_o and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v one_o very_o remarkable_a at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n which_o run_v under_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sorine_n and_o it_o seem_v under_o or_o near_o a_o pillar_n of_o that_o church_n in_o which_o there_o be_v make_v a_o hole_n large_a enough_o to_o put_v in_o one_o head_n which_o have_v another_o hole_n at_o the_o bottom_n go_v down_o through_o the_o pillar_n to_o the_o river_n to_o which_o if_o you_o apply_v your_o ear_n you_o may_v hear_v the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n fall_v down_o even_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o organ_n which_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n be_v play_v there_o be_v upon_o the_o right_a hand_n a_o broad_a pair_n of_o stair_n with_o a_o great_a arch_a gate_n that_o take_v down_o to_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n from_o which_o they_o force_v water_n into_o a_o marble_n cistern_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o churchyard_n cover_v with_o another_o great_a stone_n yet_o open_a on_o the_o side_n at_o which_o the_o ignorant_a people_n take_v up_o water_n believe_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o the_o crafty_a priest_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o gift_n of_o st._n sorin_n a_o excellent_a collyrium_n for_o soreâ—_n eye_n this_o water_n as_o they_o force_v into_o the_o cistern_n by_o the_o pipe_n lay_v under_o ground_n on_o the_o wax_a of_o the_o moon_n so_o they_o let_v it_o gradual_o out_o by_o other_o pipe_n on_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o make_v the_o people_n think_v that_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n populus_fw-la vult_fw-la decipi_fw-la let_v we_o hear_v seneca_n speak_v to_o the_o purpose_n there_o be_v also_o under_o the_o earth_n less_o know_v law_n of_o nature_n but_o as_o sure_a believe_v the_o same_o to_o be_v below_o that_o be_v above_o there_o be_v also_o great_a cave_n there_o be_v great_a vault_n
be_v such_o fountain_n observe_v so_o everlasting_a and_o subject_a to_o no_o alteration_n therefore_o we_o may_v lawful_o judge_v the_o cistern_n that_o furnish_v water_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n to_o this_o source_n to_o be_v perpetual_a never_o fail_v and_o not_o temporary_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o ancient_a state_n and_o form_n of_o the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n po._n therefore_o have_v discuss_v the_o opinion_n which_o take_v most_o among_o our_o countryman_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o hide_a source_n it_o may_v be_v think_v fit_a that_o i_o shall_v now_o tell_v my_o own_o but_o before_o i_o do_v that_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v and_o as_o far_o as_o conjecture_n will_v allow_v to_o discover_v what_o be_v in_o those_o time_n the_o outward_a face_n of_o this_o country_n which_o we_o inhabit_v see_v by_o the_o dig_v of_o these_o well_n in_o the_o land_n of_o modena_n it_o be_v know_v enough_o that_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v call_v gallia_n cispadana_n and_o transpadana_n be_v very_o low_a and_o depress_v in_o old_a time_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o plato_n when_o he_o bring_v in_o critias_n speak_v writes_z that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o bring_v great_a and_o sudden_a change_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o total_o abolish_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a country_n the_o world_n feel_v the_o first_o calamity_n in_o the_o universal_a deluge_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v against_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o wicked_a mâ—n_z as_o peter_z say_v 2._o when_o a_o new_a heaven_n and_o a_o new_a earth_n shall_v appear_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v most_o notable_o change_v in_o that_o universal_a drown_v and_o overturning_a of_o all_o thing_n but_o some_o think_v that_o such_o a_o change_n follow_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v afterward_o which_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o there_o be_v late_o come_v from_o england_n a_o book_n who_o title_n be_v the_o sacred_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o thomas_n bâ—â—net_n this_o learned_a man_n endeavour_n to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o deluge_n in_o its_o first_o original_a have_v another_o form_n than_o now_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o sea_n nor_o isle_n nor_o mountain_n nor_o valley_n nor_o river_n any_o where_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n lodge_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o he_o feign_v such_o a_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v perceive_v without_o the_o creation_n of_o new_a water_n from_o what_o storehouse_n a_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o have_v mountain_n which_o we_o must_v imagine_v to_o have_v be_v high_a by_o far_a than_o the_o present_a one_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o reason_v neither_o rain_n how_o great_a soever_o nor_o theoâ—â—_n rabbah_n of_o moses_n viz._n abyss_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o that_o universal_a deluge_n but_o he_o think_v that_o the_o mountain_n valley_n sea_n isle_n and_o rock_n may_v have_v appear_v in_o that_o great_a cleave_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n piece_n of_o it_o be_v break_v off_o here_o and_o there_o and_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o great_a gulf_n while_o those_o which_o stand_v in_o their_o former_a state_n make_v a_o show_n of_o isle_n mountain_n and_o rock_n but_o these_o which_o be_v whole_o cover_v by_o the_o water_n have_v the_o name_n of_o sea_n and_o lake_n and_o so_o the_o earth_n appear_v after_o the_o deluge_n all_o break_a tear_v and_o of_o a_o quite_o different_a aspect_n this_o fancy_n however_o it_o may_v be_v take_v for_o new_a yet_o certain_o be_v not_o the_o fiction_n of_o our_o time_n but_o more_o ancient_a by_o far_o franciscus_n patritius_fw-la a_o man_n famous_a enough_o for_o learning_n in_o a_o certain_a book_n of_o he_o of_o the_o rhetoric_n of_o the_o ancient_n write_v in_o italian_a and_o print_v at_o venice_n by_o franciscus_n senensis_n anno_fw-la 1562._o the_o first_o dialogue_n have_v a_o pleasant_a story_n which_o he_o say_v julius_n strozza_n have_v from_o count_n balthazzar_n castillon_n and_o he_o have_v from_o a_o certain_a abyssine_a philosopher_n in_o spain_n this_o wise_a abyssinian_n do_v say_v that_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a annal_n of_o aethiopia_n there_o be_v a_o history_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o break_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n the_o earth_n be_v far_o big_a than_o now_o it_o be_v and_o near_o to_o heaven_n perfect_o round_a without_o mountain_n and_o valley_n yet_o all_o cavernous_a within_o like_a a_o sponge_n and_o that_o man_n dwell_v in_o it_o and_o enjoy_v a_o most_o pure_a aether_n do_v lead_v a_o pleasant_a life_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o excellent_a corn_n and_o fruit_n without_o labour_n but_o when_o after_o a_o long_a flux_n of_o age_n man_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o pride_n and_o so_o fall_v from_o their_o first_o goodness_n the_o god_n in_o anger_n do_v shake_v the_o earth_n so_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o fall_v within_o its_o own_o cavern_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o water_n that_o before_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o dark_a holes_n be_v violent_o squeeze_v out_o and_o so_o fountain_n lake_n rivers_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o take_v its_o original_a but_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o do_v not_o fall_v into_o these_o cavern_n but_o stand_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o mountain_n that_o the_o isle_n and_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v nothing_o but_o segment_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o sudden_a fall_n of_o its_o mass._n i_o be_o willing_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a to_o give_v the_o author_n be_v own_o word_n as_o more_o tend_v to_o our_o purpose_n in_o the_o first_o age_n say_v the_o reverend_n old_a man_n after_o the_o last_o renovation_n of_o the_o world_n the_o earth_n we_o dwell_v on_o be_v not_o of_o that_o form_n nor_o so_o little_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a but_o far_o great_a and_o of_o a_o perfect_a roundness_n because_o than_o it_o do_v take_v up_o as_o much_o place_n as_o it_o now_o take_v up_o with_o the_o whole_a water_n and_o air_n together_o so_o that_o between_o it_o and_o heaven_n there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n interpose_v but_o a_o most_o pure_a fire_n which_o be_v call_v aether_n be_v of_o a_o most_o pure_a and_o vital_a heat_n the_o earth_n then_o be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n and_o so_o near_o to_o heaven_n but_o within_o and_o in_o the_o surface_n it_o be_v very_o cavernous_a within_o which_o be_v scatter_v 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high_a hill_n and_o that_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o stream_n run_v swift_o and_o with_o great_a noise_n although_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a and_o obvious_a to_o the_o sense_n yet_o the_o further_a progress_n of_o these_o water_n may_v in_o our_o case_n consist_v with_o the_o rise_n in_o these_o well_n which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o same_o first_o figure_n for_o if_o you_o put_v your_o finger_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stop_v it_o altogether_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v out_o on_o high_a at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o hole_n e_o f_o g_o and_o flow_v down_o by_o the_o slit_v h_n and_o withal_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o one_o action_n not_o hinder_v the_o other_o and_o so_o according_a as_o there_o be_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n stop_v with_o your_o finger_n more_o or_o less_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o say_v holes_n but_o it_o will_v never_o be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n it_o will_v be_v if_o the_o mouth_n be_v quite_o stop_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o disagree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n if_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n be_v run_v and_o go_v further_o that_o at_o the_o fame_n time_n they_o shall_v be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 68_o foot_n in_o the_o well_n yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exceed_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cistern_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v because_o the_o passage_n at_o which_o they_o flow_v out_o be_v not_o large_a enough_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o some_o account_v be_v give_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n observe_v hither_o to_o by_o none_o that_o i_o know_v see_v there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o philosophy_n more_o curious_a yet_o less_o cultivate_v than_o hydrostaticks_n first_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o water_n while_o it_o have_v a_o free_a course_n and_o passage_n through_o the_o wide_a mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n do_v not_o run_v also_o at_o the_o holes_n yea_o 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circulate_v into_o that_o left_a by_o the_o fish_n so_o a_o man_n sink_v in_o the_o water_n up_o to_o the_o neck_n needs_o a_o great_a force_n for_o open_v his_o chest_n than_o if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o air._n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o inspiration_n in_o the_o water_n be_v more_o difficult_a than_o expiration_n this_o happen_v only_o because_o the_o pressure_n be_v unequal_a for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n and_o water_n on_o the_o chest_n without_o exceed_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n within_o the_o chest_n that_o be_v only_o of_o air_n so_o much_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o chest_n exceed_v the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n within_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o water_n about_o the_o chest_n for_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n and_o not_o the_o grossness_n of_o their_o pillar_n as_o be_v plain_a 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that_o the_o little_a rampart_n of_o earth_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o that_o it_o overflow_v not_o the_o adjacent_a field_n yea_o he_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o out_o by_o a_o mechanical_a experiment_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v only_o upward_a and_o downward_o if_o mr._n becher_n have_v consider_v that_o hydrostatical_a axiom_n viz._n that_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o their_o perpendicular_a altitude_n he_o will_v not_o have_v be_v fright_v by_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n at_o amsterdam_n from_o own_v so_o evident_a a_o hydrostatical_a truth_n as_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o fluids_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a for_o suppose_v the_o bank_n there_o
posture_n from_o the_o bottom_n by_o strike_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o make_v that_o syphon_n more_o press_v and_o therefore_o the_o swimmer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n ascend_v just_o as_o when_o the_o scale_n be_v put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o i_o hit_v the_o scale_n in_o the_o hollow_a part_n that_o will_v be_v depress_v and_o the_o other_o lift_v up_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v when_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o line_n incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o whether_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v or_o whatever_o way_n he_o move_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v under_o no_o dolorous_a pressure_n how_o deep_a soever_o the_o water_n be_v for_o see_v according_a to_o the_o most_o ingenious_a borellus_n body_n do_v not_o appear_v heavy_a but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o rest_n aâ—_n appear_v in_o a_o example_n give_v by_o he_o of_o two_o sack_n of_o wool_n one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o do_v not_o exerce_fw-la its_o weight_n or_o press_v it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v rest_v and_o not_o when_o it_o descend_v therefore_o the_o swimmer_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n perpendicular_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v any_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n but_o when_o he_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o same_o way_n see_v by_o his_o body_n he_o thrust_v upward_o the_o water_n lie_v upon_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o collateral_a syphon_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o help_n of_o his_o muscle_n to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n neither_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n to_o which_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la come_v in_o behind_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v by_o not_o suffer_v any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o feel_v any_o dolorous_a pressure_n if_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o incline_v line_n or_o stick_v without_o motion_n to_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o other_o collateral_a syphon_n being_n more_o press_v do_v always_o exerce_fw-la its_o force_n and_o the_o subjacent_a water_n lift_v up_o the_o diver_n that_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o its_o self_n upward_o the_o author_n here_o suppose_v the_o body_n to_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n which_o i_o judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o chest_n for_o when_o that_o be_v out_o the_o body_n sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o this_o give_v perhaps_o the_o first_o rise_v to_o anatomist_n to_o discover_v whether_o a_o child_n be_v still-born_a or_o not_o for_o if_o its_o lung_n do_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n it_o be_v not_o still_o bear_v but_o have_v breathe_v the_o air_n but_o if_o they_o sink_v than_o they_o conclude_v the_o child_n to_o have_v be_v still-born_a as_o for_o the_o divers_a rise_n or_o fall_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o in_o a_o oar_n when_o the_o blade_n of_o it_o move_v with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o water_n it_o make_v resistance_n to_o the_o oar_n which_o therefore_o not_o advance_v the_o boat_n of_o necessity_n must_v so_o when_o a_o man_n press_v the_o water_n quick_o downward_o it_o make_v resistance_n to_o his_o hand_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n not_o give_v way_n fast_o enough_o the_o body_n must_v be_v thrust_v upward_o just_a as_o in_o the_o air_n if_o a_o man_n between_o two_o chair_n do_v forcible_o thrust_v they_o down_o with_o his_o two_o hand_n he_o must_v be_v lift_v up_o because_o they_o do_v not_o give_v way_n the_o author_n say_v the_o pressure_n be_v not_o feel_v when_o the_o diver_n be_v ascend_v or_o descend_v because_o the_o water_n be_v in_o motion_n do_v not_o press_v upon_o the_o body_n but_o it_o may_v be_v make_v manifest_a that_o it_o do_v and_o experience_n make_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o they_o feel_v no_o pressure_n when_o the_o water_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o the_o divers_a do_v own_o that_o they_o feel_v a_o pressure_n rather_o in_o the_o go_n down_o in_o the_o diving-bell_n than_o afterward_o as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n tell_v i_o be_v have_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o melgum_n who_o practise_v this_o way_n of_o dive_v in_o these_o word_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o as_o go_v down_o do_v hurt_v i_o but_o below_o and_o stay_v there_o be_v as_o familiar_a to_o i_o as_o that_o above_o chap._n iii_o that_o these_o fountain_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o flow_v of_o these_o water_n towards_o the_o sea_n may_v consist_v with_o their_o rise_n here_o and_o in_o any_o place_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a subterraneous_a river_n under_o it_o from_o which_o these_o fountain_n do_v spring_v and_o true_o this_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n among_o we_o which_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o there_o be_v some_o river_n that_o hide_v their_o head_n under_o ground_n and_o after_o some_o time_n do_v rise_v again_o some_o again_o there_o be_v that_o never_o rise_v above_o ground_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n some_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o surface_n and_o some_o do_v never_o of_o this_o seneca_n speak_v very_o well_o nature_n govern_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o do_v our_o body_n in_o which_o be_v vein_n and_o artery_n and_o nature_n have_v so_o form_v it_o like_o our_o body_n that_o our_o ancestor_n have_v call_v they_o vein_n pliny_n say_v that_o the_o nile_n be_v often_o swallow_v up_o in_o gulf_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n be_v spew_v up_o again_o they_o report_v the_o same_o of_o niger_n a_o river_n of_o aethiopia_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o same_o lake_n that_o the_o nile_n do_v and_o run_v towards_o the_o west_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o chain_n of_o mountain_n it_o find_v hide_a way_n and_o appear_v again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n in_o like_a manner_n tigris_n in_o mesopotamia_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o mountain_n cancasus_fw-la hide_v itself_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v lose_v in_o a_o great_a cave_n but_o afterward_o break_v out_o near_o to_o babylon_n be_v mix_v with_o euphrates_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o alphaeus_n a_o river_n in_o achaia_n who_o the_o poet_n feign_v to_o pass_v a_o great_a way_n not_o only_o under_o ground_n but_o also_o under_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o to_o rise_v again_o in_o the_o fountain_n call_v arethusa_n this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o offal_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n which_o be_v throw_v down_o the_o river_n be_v every_o five_o summer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o olympiack_n game_n cast_v up_o by_o this_o fountain_n and_o also_o the_o sea_n themselves_o be_v think_v to_o communicate_v by_o occult_a passage_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a with_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o caspian_a with_o the_o euxine_a as_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n make_v out_o by_o good_a conjecture_n father_n auril_n a_o jesuit_n in_o his_o travel_n into_o tartary_n say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o it_o discharge_v its_o self_n into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n of_o which_o this_o be_v his_o main_a proof_n that_o they_o who_o inhabit_v about_o the_o persian_a gulf_n do_v every_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n observe_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o willow-leaves_a now_o in_o regard_n this_o sort_n of_o tree_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o the_o southerin_n part_n of_o persia_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o quite_o the_o contrary_a the_o northern_a part_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o kilan_n or_o the_o caspian-sea_n have_v all_o the_o seacoast_n of_o it_o shade_v with_o these_o tree_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o with_o probability_n enough_o that_o these_o leave_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o other_o but_o only_o by_o the_o water_n that_o roll_z they_o along_o through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o father_n auril_n who_o further_a for_o establish_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n describe_v a_o great_a whirlpool_n under_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o which_o also_o olaus_n magnus_n and_o helmont_n have_v write_v by_o which_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v absonbed_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v return_v by_o the_o south_n pole_n some_o say_v that_o this_o change_v its_o course_n
once_o in_o half_a a_o year_n go_v in_o at_o the_o south_n pole_n and_o come_v out_o again_o at_o the_o north._n though_o all_o this_o be_v true_a suppose_v also_o that_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o this_o earth_n there_o be_v exercise_v something_o like_o a_o animal_n o_o economy_n and_o that_o one_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n imagine_v divers_a ebb_n and_o flow_n of_o water_n see_v as_o seneca_n say_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v not_o folid_a but_o hollow_a in_o a_o great_a many_o part_n yet_o i_o can_v allow_v as_o some_o do_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a broad_a river_n from_o which_o these_o fountain_n break_v forth_o this_o opinion_n of_o a_o great_a river_n have_v so_o firm_o possess_v the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n that_o if_o a_o little_a earth_n quake_v happen_v the_o inhabitant_n be_v in_o great_a foar_n lest_o the_o town_n which_o otherwise_o be_v great_o shake_v with_o earthquake_n shall_v be_v swallow_v in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n imagine_v it_o to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o arch_a roof_n of_o a_o great_a river_n i_o confess_v the_o conjecture_n be_v not_o slight_a on_o which_o may_v be_v ground_v the_o opinion_n of_o such_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n which_o give_v water_n to_o these_o fountain_n especial_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o before_o the_o perforation_n and_o the_o assurance_n man_n have_v that_o in_o every_o place_n where_o a_o well_o be_v dig_v water_n will_v boil_v up_o cast_v up_o sand_n pebble_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o evidence_n its_o be_v some_o great_a river_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a receptacle_n but_o one_o reason_n to_o wit_n the_o super-exceeding_a greatness_n of_o this_o imaginary_a river_n which_o must_v be_v admit_v of_o necessity_n be_v of_o so_o great_a weight_n that_o it_o overturn_v all_o conjecture_n that_o will_v seem_v to_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o so_o great_a a_o river_n run_v under_o this_o ground_n for_o europe_n have_v no_o river_n so_o big_a as_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n must_v be_v to_o which_o neither_o the_o po_n nor_o the_o rhine_n nor_o the_o danube_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v it_o be_v know_v well_o enough_o by_o what_o we_o have_v before_o say_v and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v convince_v that_o not_o only_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o mile_n in_o diameter_n in_o any_o place_n may_v be_v make_v a_o fountain_n which_o will_v constant_o send_v forth_o water_n but_o also_o without_o the_o town_n for_o some_o mile_n without_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o the_o situation_n such_o fountain_n may_v be_v make_v but_o especial_o by_o the_o aemilian_a way_n as_o also_o beyond_o the_o river_n scultenna_n a_o great_a plenty_n of_o these_o spring_n and_o fountain_n be_v observe_v therefore_o the_o breadth_n of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n unless_o its_o course_n be_v along_o this_o way_n in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v be_v extend_v 4_o mile_n shall_v be_v extend_v 6_o or_o 7_o mile_n but_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o under_o this_o plain_a on_o which_o this_o city_n be_v place_v a_o river_n of_o so_o great_a extent_n shall_v continual_o flow_v with_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n lie_v upon_o it_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o from_o south_n to_o north_n the_o source_n be_v not_o so_o much_o extend_v see_v these_o fountain_n be_v not_o observe_v above_o 4_o mile_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v for_o want_v of_o experience_n or_o that_o this_o be_v true_o its_o bound_n i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v a_o subterraneous_a river_n which_o have_v a_o channel_n of_o 4_o mile_n every_o one_o i_o think_v will_v doubt_v it_o nor_o will_v he_o so_o easy_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o opinion_n especial_o see_v this_o arch_n that_o must_v keep_v up_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n 68_o foot_n deep_a be_v not_o of_o flint_n or_o pumicestone_n but_o altogether_o make_v up_o of_o earth_n gather_v by_o degree_n true_o if_o this_o prodigy_n of_o nature_n be_v situate_v in_o a_o mountainous_a region_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o against_o admit_v the_o great_a subterraneous_a width_n for_o if_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o cave_n and_o subterraneous_a recess_n which_o be_v fame_v in_o geographer_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o be_v make_v among_o the_o rocky_a and_o steep_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n see_v rock_n and_o stone_n be_v the_o bone_n and_o strength_n of_o it_o from_o whence_o ovid_n say_v magna_fw-la parens_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la lapides_fw-la in_o corpore_fw-la terrae_fw-la ossa_fw-la reor_fw-la dici_fw-la the_o earth_n be_v our_o great_a mother_n and_o the_o stone_n therein_o contain_v i_o take_v to_o be_v her_o bone_n we_o find_v the_o corycaean_a cave_n in_o cilicia_n of_o which_o pliny_n solinus_n and_o other_o write_v that_o be_v a_o very_a large_a promontory_n with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o full_a of_o wood_n within_o it_o be_v 52_o mile_n broad_a so_o as_o to_o be_v very_a light_n and_o both_o a_o cave_n and_o a_o port_n to_o have_v be_v place_v in_o the_o mountain_n corycus_n the_o river_n tigris_n which_o we_o have_v often_o mention_v hide_v its_o head_n and_o as_o often_o rise_v again_o but_o only_o when_o he_o see_v himself_o stop_v with_o a_o chain_n of_o mountain_n for_o disdain_v that_o any_o stop_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o his_o swiftness_n from_o which_o he_o take_v his_o name_n he_o find_v himself_o a_o way_n by_o the_o wide_a bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o run_v hide_v till_o be_v swell_v with_o the_o accession_n of_o water_n he_o run_v out_o into_o the_o open_a plain_n the_o river_n timavus_n famous_a enough_o among_o the_o old_a poet_n about_o who_o true_a place_n whether_o it_o be_v near_o padova_n or_o tergeste_n in_o istria_n there_o be_v so_o many_o contention_n among_o the_o learned_a of_o the_o last_o age_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o leander_n albertus_n bernardinus_fw-la scardeomus_fw-la johannes_n candidus_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o draw_v all_o his_o water_n from_o â—ine_z fountian_n as_o breast_n stick_v out_o in_o the_o mountain_n timavus_n yet_o he_o borrow_v they_o from_o another_o place_n viz._n a_o subterraneous_a river_n discharge_v itself_o by_o the_o cavernous_a wind_n of_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o which_o he_o be_v so_o proud_a as_o to_o be_v call_v the_o father_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o sea_n see_v we_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o timavus_n and_o wonderful_a thing_n be_v tell_v of_o he_o by_o writer_n viz._n that_o he_o ebb_v and_o flow_v according_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o he_o increase_v so_o much_o as_o to_o overflow_v the_o adjacent_a country_n but_o in_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o sea_n he_o run_v gentle_o enough_o and_o carry_v with_o himself_o the_o sweetness_n of_o his_o water_n even_o to_o the_o ocean_n without_o mixture_n ut_fw-la doris_n amara_fw-la svam_fw-la non_fw-la intermiceat_fw-la undam_fw-la ecgl._n 10._o that_o doris_n mix_v not_o her_o salt_n waâ—â—es_v with_o thou_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o poet_n do_v former_o say_v of_o alphaeus_n therefore_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o contemplation_n of_o so_o curious_a thing_n the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n do_v very_o well_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o prodigious_a increase_n and_o how_o the_o river_n keep_v its_o water_n free_a from_o saltness_n even_o to_o its_o mouth_n for_o he_o say_v that_o a_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n be_v cast_v out_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o a_o mountain_n near_o a_o village_n call_v st._n cantian_n about_o 14_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o nine_o fountain_n of_o timavus_n and_o that_o there_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o a_o manifest_a gulf_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v more_o he_o think_v therefore_o that_o the_o water_n be_v swallow_v up_o by_o hide_a channel_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o therefore_o in_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o salt_n water_n drive_v back_o the_o fresh_a that_o meet_v it_o with_o 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and_o wide_a place_n form_v by_o the_o mountain_n hang_v over_o they_o then_o although_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o some_o place_n river_n of_o great_a bigness_n flow_v under_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o believe_v that_o in_o this_o great_a plain_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o subterraneous_a cavity_n and_o that_o field_n of_o so_o great_a a_o largeness_n can_v stand_v without_o ruin_n for_o so_o long_a time_n i_o must_v add_v moreover_o that_o the_o depth_n of_o this_o river_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v small_a because_o nature_n build_v all_o her_o cave_n and_o subterraneous_a passage_n archwise_o which_o all_o must_v have_v a_o depth_n proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n otherwise_o they_o lose_v their_o force_n and_o common_o they_o be_v of_o a_o circular_a figure_n or_o come_v near_o to_o it_o i._n e._n as_o deep_a as_o they_o be_v broad_a which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v at_o least_o 4_o mile_n ☜_o but_o this_o cavity_n be_v of_o no_o depth_n almost_o yea_o but_o a_o few_o foot_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o the_o auger_n have_v make_v in_o bore_v for_o pass_v a_o iron_n rod_n throw_v the_o hole_n the_o bottom_n be_v present_o find_v as_o i_o have_v often_o try_v with_o other_o that_o have_v be_v with_o i_o moreover_o see_v the_o digger_n in_o the_o very_a terebration_n often_o fall_v on_o stock_n of_o tree_n as_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v we_o must_v confess_v therefore_o that_o these_o tree_n have_v be_v before_o in_o open_a air_n and_o see_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o well_n be_v often_o find_v bone_n coal_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o believe_v that_o people_n have_v former_o live_v on_o that_o ground_n or_o we_o must_v think_v that_o this_o great_a river_n at_o that_o time_n have_v a_o cover_n of_o 6_o or_o 8_o foot_n and_o that_o this_o our_o plain_n do_v afterward_o grow_v high_a by_o the_o daily_a descent_n of_o 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the_o well_n which_o be_v dig_v near_o the_o side_n of_o this_o great_a arch_n will_v be_v deep_o than_o those_o elsewhere_o but_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o difference_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o these_o well_n we_o can_v therefore_o give_v way_n to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n notwithstanding_o the_o conjecture_n mention_v which_o we_o shall_v short_o answer_v and_o far_o less_o must_v we_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v many_o subterraneous_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o distinguish_v by_o interval_n which_o give_v water_n continual_o to_o these_o fountain_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v see_v there_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o fountain_n and_o continual_o such_o well_n be_v make_v both_o in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n that_o the_o undertaker_n never_o fall_v upon_o such_o interstice_n in_o the_o bore_v as_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v and_o which_o one_o can_v never_o admire_v enough_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o 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countrey-village_n by_o the_o seaside_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o epistle_n he_o make_v this_o relation_n as_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o have_v well_n or_o rather_o fountain_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o that_o shore_n be_v wonderful_a in_o whatever_o place_n you_o move_v the_o ground_n you_o meet_v with_o water_n and_o that_o so_o fresh_a as_o not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o saltness_n from_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o these_o word_n the_o most_o learned_a man_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o specimen_fw-la of_o our_o fountain_n see_v there_o also_o in_o whatever_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v dig_v there_o be_v moisture_n yet_o it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n word_n that_o the_o water_n of_o these_o well_n do_v not_o spring_v up_o i_o believe_v the_o same_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o sea-coast_n except_o some_o bed_n of_o clay_n intervene_v for_o the_o water_n do_v easy_o follow_v the_o sand_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o in_o any_o place_n of_o pliny_n countryhouse_n the_o water_n appear_v fresh_a be_v strain_v through_o the_o sand_n from_o the_o near_a sea_n and_o so_o deprive_v of_o its_o saltness_n but_o it_o be_v no_o way_n probable_a that_o the_o case_n be_v so_o in_o our_o ground_n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o these_o river_n do_v former_o run_v in_o deep_a channel_n yet_o that_o that_o they_o give_v water_n to_o this_o spring_n i_o can_v no_o way_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v ☜_o for_o these_o spring_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v they_o know_v any_o increase_n or_o decrease_v when_o yet_o these_o river_n not_o only_o in_o summer_n but_o also_o sometime_o in_o winter_n have_v their_o sand_n dry_a as_o we_o have_v see_v of_o late_a year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o hot_a season_n see_v all_o the_o well_n except_o these_o though_o dig_v deep_a give_v no_o water_n in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n but_o the_o flow_a of_o a_o most_o pure_a water_n from_o these_o fountain_n be_v so_o uniform_a and_o constant_a that_o it_o be_v improbable_a they_o shall_v depend_v on_o the_o unconstant_a and_o unequal_a state_n and_o course_n of_o these_o river_n for_o the_o water_n decrease_v in_o the_o deep_a vein_n the_o pressure_n will_v also_o decrease_v and_o so_o these_o fountain_n will_v be_v diminish_v moreover_o see_v the_o country_n of_o rhegium_n parma_n and_o all_o on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o many_o river_n descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a glide_v over_o these_o country_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o same_o prerogative_n when_o well_n be_v dig_v deep_a in_o they_o but_o no_o where_o that_o i_o know_v of_o
be_v explain_v by_o possibility_n see_v i_o be_o come_v so_o far_o that_o i_o must_v at_o length_n tell_v what_o i_o think_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o admirable_a spring_n i_o believe_v i_o have_v do_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a guesser_n if_o by_o sound_v this_o ford_n i_o can_v tell_v thing_n probable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n instead_o of_o thing_n certain_a we_o may_v therefore_o conjecture_v that_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o our_o country_n have_v secret_a commerce_n with_o the_o apennine_n to_o which_o it_o be_v adjacent_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o it_o still_o have_v and_o that_o it_o lay_v a_o foundation_n by_o several_a subterraneous_a passage_n in_o its_o bowel_n for_o several_a storehouse_n of_o water_n of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v one_o from_o whence_o these_o fountain_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expanded_a over_o all_o this_o vein_n of_o sand_n in_o which_o such_o a_o spring_n be_v discover_v but_o when_o the_o stop_n be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o floodgate_n be_v open_v it_o rise_v on_o high_a as_o in_o aqueduct_n and_o this_o thought_n of_o i_o as_o it_o do_v not_o contradict_v nature_n so_o it_o shun_v those_o difficulty_n which_o the_o forementioned_a opinion_n of_o a_o immense_a space_n through_o which_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n flow_v do_v incur_v that_o a_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n may_v secret_o flow_v a_o long_a way_n through_o sand_n be_v neither_o against_o reason_n nor_o experience_n see_v it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o sand_n easy_o to_o drink_v up_o water_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o sink_v sand._n pliny_n and_o solinus_n say_v 35._o that_o the_o nile_n the_o great_a of_o river_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o sand_n run_v hide_v a_o great_a way_n though_o nothing_o of_o that_o be_v know_v in_o our_o time_n 28._o seneca_n also_o testify_v that_o some_o river_n fall_v into_o cave_n some_o be_v by_o degree_n consume_v and_o never_o appear_v again_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n say_v that_o in_o westphalia_n near_o the_o village_n altembechem_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a sandy_a plain_n in_o which_o every_o day_n the_o water_n break_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n so_o as_o to_o overflow_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o afterward_o sink_v into_o the_o sand_n disappear_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sand_n remain_v dry_a the_o river_n guadiana_n in_o spain_n as_o some_o relate_v who_o have_v observe_v it_o when_o it_o have_v come_v to_o a_o certain_a plain_n be_v gradual_o swallow_v up_o and_o without_o noise_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a proof_n that_o this_o river_n do_v not_o fall_v into_o a_o gulf_n but_o run_v away_o by_o these_o bed_n of_o sand._n in_o like_a manner_n i_o do_v believe_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v by_o secret_a passage_n from_o a_o cistern_n in_o the_o root_n of_o the_o adjacent_a mountain_n that_o communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o come_v into_o this_o deep_a sandy_a plain_n mix_v with_o much_o gravel_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o conceive_v any_o plain_n of_o great_a width_n and_o depth_n by_o which_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n may_v constant_o run_v down_o but_o a_o few_o intersperst_a space_n may_v suffice_v because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o sand_n and_o gravel_n helmont_n say_v that_o sand_n be_v original_a earth_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o fruit_n of_o this_o original_a earth_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n see_v the_o reduce_n of_o this_o sand_n into_o water_n be_v more_o difficult_a than_o of_o any_o other_o body_n this_o same_o author_n make_v this_o sand_n the_o last_o bound_n of_o dig_v beyond_o which_o to_o proceed_v be_v lose_v labour_n because_o of_o the_o continual_a conflux_n of_o sand_n and_o water_n but_o he_o think_v that_o this_o sand_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o shell_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o centre_n and_o abundance_n of_o water_n lodge_v in_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n big_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n all_o sea_n river_n and_o fountain_n even_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o this_o invisible_a ocean_n so_o that_o the_o water_n do_v every_o where_o follow_v the_o vital_a sand._n telesus_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n who_o say_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o that_o interior_a ocean_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o opinion_n of_o plato_n concern_v the_o gulf_n from_o who_o bosom_n all_o water_n go_v out_o and_o into_o which_o they_o all_o fall_v back_o again_o whatever_o be_v of_o truth_n in_o this_o opinion_n of_o a_o invisible_a ocean_n lurk_v in_o the_o sand_n which_o helmont_n conceive_v ingenious_o and_o upon_o probable_a enough_o argument_n yet_o i_o think_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o water_n may_v run_v a_o long_a way_n through_o bed_n of_o sand_n and_o when_o some_o passage_n be_v open_a may_v be_v raise_v again_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o water_n descend_v from_o a_o high_a ground_n and_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o matter_n be_v so_o in_o our_o fountain_n to_o wit_n the_o water_n flow_v out_o of_o some_o cistern_n place_v in_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n by_o subterraneous_a passage_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_a and_o hard_o but_o when_o it_o have_v come_v into_o the_o plain_a it_o expatiate_v far_o over_o the_o sand_n and_o in_o the_o way_n be_v lift_v up_o to_o this_o height_n when_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v with_o a_o auger_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n and_o i_o think_v this_o be_v a_o more_o expeditious_a and_o easy_a way_n of_o explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o never-enough-admired_a spring_n than_o to_o imagine_v a_o great_a vault_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mark_n and_o a_o town_n with_o a_o whole_a country_n hang_v over_o it_o to_o give_v some_o specimen_fw-la how_o â—his_v flow_v of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v according_a to_o my_o explication_n suppose_v as_o in_o fig._n 2._o that_o there_o be_v a_o cistern_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o apennine_a draw_v water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o subterraneous_a pipe_n from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o spread_v over_o this_o deep_a and_o sandy_a plain_n a_o b_o c_o mix_v with_o much_o gravel_n which_o sandy_a plain_n be_v bring_v into_o much_o lesser_a bound_n the_o water_n be_v force_v to_o run_v down_o by_o a_o more_o narrow_a space_n than_o it_o have_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o to_o follow_v its_o course_n till_o it_o come_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o great_a gulf_n therefore_o wells_n efgh_v be_v dig_v without_o any_o choice_n in_o all_o the_o tract_n lie_v upon_o this_o spring_n and_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v by_o the_o auger_n the_o water_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v lift_v up_o on_o high_a be_v force_v by_o another_o which_o descend_v from_o a_o high_a ground_n press_v on_o that_o which_o go_v before_o and_o drive_v it_o up_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o water_n receive_v a_o plentiful_a supply_n from_o their_o father_n apennine_n as_o do_v the_o well_o of_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o lebanon_n of_o which_o there_o be_v mention_n in_o the_o sacred_a history_n but_o it_o be_v 4._o by_o far_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o water_n be_v send_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o such_o a_o cistern_n than_o from_o shower_n or_o melt_v snow_n see_v rain_n and_o snow-water_n run_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o river_n above_o ground_n neither_o can_v they_o enter_v into_o the_o ground_n so_o deep_a as_o seneca_n also_o testify_v 7._o that_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n so_o great_a which_o wet_v the_o ground_n above_o ten_o foot_n for_o as_o he_o say_v when_o the_o earth_n be_v glut_v if_o any_o more_o fall_v it_o shut_v it_o out_o and_o true_o how_o can_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o shall_v flow_v at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o well_o in_o moist_a as_o in_o dry_a season_n if_o the_o rain-water_n come_v hither_o and_o they_o do_v not_o rather_o get_v their_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v strain_v through_o the_o sand_n and_o deprive_v of_o all_o salt_n they_o return_v to_o the_o sea_n again_o with_o interest_n true_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o understand_v how_o that_o secret_a cistern_n from_o which_o water_n be_v send_v to_o these_o fountain_n shall_v not_o be_v unconstant_a if_o they_o receive_v moisture_n for_o a_o time_n from_o the_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o sometime_o increase_v sometime_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o pressure_n
some_o alteration_n shall_v appear_v in_o these_o fountain_n but_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n which_o divide_v the_o impure_a from_o the_o most_o pure_a water_n as_o most_o strong_a fence_n do_v hinder_v the_o rain_n water_n from_o be_v mix_v with_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n and_o plato_n think_v 8._o that_o a_o clayie_a ground_n be_v the_o last_o bound_n of_o dig_v in_o the_o search_n of_o well-water_n oblige_v every_o one_o to_o dig_v to_o the_o chalk_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o water_n find_v in_o that_o depth_n he_o suffer_v as_o much_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o neighbour_n as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o to_o which_o pliny_n subscribe_v say_v that_o when_o potter_n clay_n appear_v there_o be_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o get_v water_n nor_o need_v man_n dig_v long_o which_o yet_o agree_v not_o with_o what_o be_v observe_v here_o as_o i_o have_v deduce_v the_o original_a of_o this_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n so_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o many_o fountain_n owe_v their_o original_n to_o rain_n and_o melt_a snow_n yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o fountain_n which_o have_v their_o spring_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o hide_a passage_n continue_v perpetual_a but_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o shower_n and_o temporary_a spring_n at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v diminish_v and_o quite_o dry_v up_o as_o happen_v in_o great_a drought_n such_o as_o baccius_n mention_n to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la 1556._o in_o which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o fountain_n but_o also_o great_a river_n dry_v up_o the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n do_v experience_n such_o a_o season_n almost_o for_o two_o year_n together_o viz._n in_o 1687._o and_o 88_o in_o which_o time_n the_o land_n be_v unpleasant_a because_o of_o the_o drought_n and_o well_n be_v dig_v in_o other_o place_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n yet_o little_a alteration_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o these_o our_o fountain_n nor_o yet_o in_o the_o moiste_v season_n of_o all_o which_o make_v the_o year_n 1690._o fatal_a for_o dearness_n of_o provision_n and_o epidemic_a disease_n so_o that_o these_o our_o fountain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o fountain_n in_o tyanus_n consecrate_v to_o jupiter_n of_o which_o philostratus_n say_v that_o it_o suffer_v neither_o increase_n nor_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o native_n be_v call_v unquenchable_a or_o like_o the_o well_o of_o aesculapius_n which_o as_o aelius_n aristides_n a_o most_o famous_a orator_n relate_v be_v a_o well_o of_o pergamus_n a_o city_n of_o asia_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o be_v always_o full_a to_o the_o brim_n and_o how_o much_o soever_o be_v draw_v from_o it_o it_o never_o decrease_v neither_o have_v we_o reason_v only_o to_o think_v that_o many_o fountain_n take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o many_o lake_n communicate_v with_o it_o the_o lake_n of_o the_o vulsinian_o who_o depth_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o for_o discover_v of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v between_o narthana_n and_o bisentina_fw-la rope_n let_v down_o for_o some_o hundred_o of_o fathom_n but_o in_o vain_a this_o lake_n i_o say_v both_o summer_n and_o winter_n discharge_v itself_o by_o the_o river_n martha_n perpetnal_o into_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n neither_o do_v it_o receive_v any_o river_n and_o the_o mountain_n which_o encompass_v it_o be_v never_o white_a with_o snow_n beside_o in_o the_o same_o lake_n when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o calm_a and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_a i_o observe_v often_o intestine_a motion_n like_o current_n in_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o fisherman_n net_n which_o be_v sink_v under_o water_n be_v snatch_v violent_o from_o their_o hand_n a_o evident_a proof_n of_o some_o hide_a commerce_n with_o the_o sea_n julius_n obsequens_n in_o his_o book_n of_o prodigy_n relate_v that_o the_o lake_n albinus_n in_o the_o consulate_a of_o valerius_n and_o m._n valerius_n be_v sudden_o raise_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n fall_v from_o heaven_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v know_v any_o cause_n of_o so_o sudden_a a_o swell_a i_o can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v in_o question_n gaspar_n bartholinus_n who_o follow_v the_o glorious_a footstep_n of_o his_o ancestor_n print_v a_o treatise_n at_o hafnia_n wherein_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o opinion_n to_o be_v absurd_a which_o deduce_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o all_o fountain_n as_o well_o temporary_a as_o perpetual_a according_a to_o he_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o rain_v suppose_v as_o he_o ingenious_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o for_o maintain_v the_o perpetuity_n of_o the_o fountain_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n a_o collection_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o precedent_n rains_n in_o some_o receptacle_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v sufficient_a but_o true_o i_o can_v see_v how_o in_o some_o fountain_n their_o regularity_n and_o equal_a flow_a can_v hold_v out_o for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o we_o for_o so_o many_o age_n see_v in_o whatever_o season_n either_o dry_a or_o moist_a there_o appear_v no_o sign_n of_o increase_n or_o decrease_v but_o scaliger_n answer_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o use_v to_o be_v object_v against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o opposition_n to_o cardan_n say_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o sea-water_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o mountain_n do_v not_o break_v out_o every_o where_o in_o these_o word_n but_o o_o cardan_n he_o who_o in_o the_o 2d_o of_o genesis_n the_o divine_a man_n say_v to_o have_v finish_v all_o thing_n be_v so_o good_a a_o architect_n so_o wise_a a_o water-bailif_a that_o julius_n frontinus_n be_v nothing_o to_o he_o he_o therefore_o do_v so_o skilful_o join_v the_o pipe_n of_o his_o aqueduct_n and_o fit_v they_o for_o bear_v the_o burden_n as_o to_o free_v you_o from_o this_o fear_n but_o true_o this_o difficulty_n which_o be_v object_v about_o the_o sufficient_a strength_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n give_v no_o less_o trouble_n except_v the_o great_a distance_n to_o the_o asserter_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n who_o attribute_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n to_o ra_n but_o how_o water_n be_v furnish_v to_o the_o fountain_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v heavy_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n must_v flow_v back_o into_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o circle_n be_v not_o agree_v upon_o among_o those_o who_o admit_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n to_o be_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o gaspar_n schottus_n who_o rehearse_n many_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_n and_o examine_v they_o so_o true_a be_v it_o what_o aristotle_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o old_a doubt_n why_o see_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n run_v to_o the_o sea_n it_o do_v not_o thereupon_o become_v big_a some_o think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n ascend_v above_o its_o own_o original_a by_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o by_o shake_v and_o the_o sea-tide_n some_o by_o force_n of_o the_o enclose_a spirit_n which_o drive_v up_o the_o water_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n other_o do_v attribute_v it_o to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o by_o perpetual_o break_v down_o the_o surface_n lift_v the_o water_n up_o on_o high_a some_o recur_v to_o the_o divine_a providence_n there_o be_v other_o who_o say_v that_o the_o sea-water_n flow_v with_o a_o natural_a motion_n whether_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o side_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o fountain_n place_v in_o the_o most_o high_a mountain_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o same_o schottus_n think_v but_o i_o like_v better_o the_o opinion_n of_o des_n cartes_n of_o which_o be_v also_o our_o countryman_n falloppius_n who_o think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a heat_n be_v raise_v in_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n to_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la rock_n condense_v into_o water_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o chemical_a distillation_n so_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v like_o head_n of_o the_o alembic_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o which_o the_o exalt_a vapour_n be_v condense_v into_o water_n which_o afterward_o break_v out_o into_o spring_n julius_n caesar_n recupitus_fw-la tell_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o burn_a of_o vesuvius_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o do_v send_v forth_o two_o stream_n one_o of_o fire_n towards_o the_o shore_n another_o of_o water_n on_o the_o other_o
in_o which_o even_o when_o much_o be_v do_v the_o age_n follow_v will_v find_v something_o more_o to_o do_v see_v then_o according_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o water_n of_o this_o hide_a source_n be_v movable_a and_o run_a and_o withal_o ascend_v on_o high_a because_o as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o they_o go_v out_o and_o fall_v into_o a_o gulf_n be_v straighten_a and_o see_v the_o ascent_n into_o these_o well_n be_v constant_a and_o perpetual_a nor_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o their_o cistern_n because_o this_o cistern_n be_v suppose_v by_o we_o to_o be_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o near_a apennine_a mountain_n and_o high_a by_o far_a than_o the_o elevation_n of_o these_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_n to_o the_o top_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unprosftable_a nor_o unpleasant_a if_o i_o endeavour_v to_o shadow_v out_o if_o not_o exact_o to_o describe_v such_o a_o proportion_n suppose_v then_o there_o be_v a_o vessel_n abc_n full_a of_o water_n to_o which_o a_o pipe_n de_fw-fr be_v fasten_v in_o a_o horizontal_n line_n and_o who_o orifice_n be_v half_o shut_v so_o that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o flow_v with_o a_o full_a stream_n let_v there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f_o another_o glass_n pipe_n he_o insert_v perpendicular_o therefore_o grant_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o water_n i_o say_v that_o the_o water_n will_v be_v lift_v in_o the_o middle_a pipe_n he_o to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v of_o eight_o part_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n he_o shall_v be_v of_o six_o part_n and_o such_o a_o proportion_n will_v answer_v to_o any_o division_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f._n for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f_o be_v whole_o shut_v so_o that_o no_o water_n run_v down_o none_o be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n he_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n must_v place_v its_o self_n in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n with_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n to_o which_o effect_n two_o thing_n doubtless_o concur_v with_o equal_a force_n to_o wit_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o obstacle_n that_o whole_o obstruct_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o pipe_n which_o stop_n be_v eqvivalent_a to_o a_o power_n press_v with_o equal_a force_n against_o the_o water_n stagnate_v in_o the_o vessel_n if_o then_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v a_o produce_v arise_v from_o two_o cause_n equal_o work_v to_o wit_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o stop_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o same_o pipe_n d_o f_o shall_v only_o be_v stop_v in_o part_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o intermedial_a pipe_n h_n i_o whatever_o it_o be_v will_v be_v a_o product_n of_o the_o same_o pressure_n as_o in_o the_o first_o case_n and_o the_o virtual_a pressure_n of_o the_o stop_n but_o work_v unequal_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n that_o press_v it_o to_o flow_v out_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o energy_n as_o before_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o force_n of_o the_o stop_n be_v remove_v the_o water_n can_v be_v lift_v up_o so_o high_a in_o the_o pipe_n erect_v perpendicular_o as_o to_o reach_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n but_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v under_o it_o so_o that_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o supposition_n eight_o foot_n and_o operate_v with_o such_o a_o pressure_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o height_n but_o the_o stop_n shall_v not_o act_v but_o half_a i._n e._n as_o four_o these_o two_o work_v together_o and_o make_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n there_o can_v but_o happen_v a_o effect_n which_o be_v between_o these_o two_o agent_n as_o 6_o be_v between_o 8_o and_o 4_o i_o e._n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o suppose_a case_n the_o water_n will_v be_v only_o raise_v in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n h_n i_o to_o 6_o part_n which_o elevation_n be_v half_a the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o stop_n this_o be_v my_o reason_v before_o i_o try_v whether_o the_o thing_n agree_v to_o it_o which_o i_o do_v by_o insert_v a_o wooden_a and_o square_a pipe_n into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n as_o in_o fig._n 3._o and_o fit_v a_o glass_n pipe_v divide_v into_o 8_o part_n and_o erect_v perpendicular_o to_o the_o same_o pipe_n then_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o pipe_n which_o may_v only_o obstruct_v the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o let_v the_o water_n run_v out_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n do_v rise_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n to_o wit_n as_o 6_o to_z 8_o yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n do_v not_o so_o exact_o answer_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a obstacle_n put_v to_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n because_o perhaps_o of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o fit_v divers_a door_n to_o the_o orifice_n and_o because_o of_o the_o undulation_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n from_o the_o impetus_fw-la where_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o go_v out_o have_v therefore_o communicate_v these_o my_o observation_n to_o the_o most_o famous_a bocchabadatus_fw-la mathematician_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o my_o intimate_a friend_n from_o our_o childhood_n for_o i_o always_o think_v it_o the_o part_n of_o a_o ingenuous_a man_n that_o i_o may_v use_v pliny_n word_n to_o confess_v by_o who_o i_o have_v profit_v he_o prompt_v i_o with_o a_o method_n by_o which_o i_o may_v obtain_v my_o desire_n when_o therefore_o he_o think_v that_o the_o diversity_n of_o stop_v may_v be_v supply_v if_o to_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n shall_v come_v out_o another_o straight_a pipe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n be_v set_v but_o with_o a_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cistern_n i_o make_v trial_n and_o the_o thing_n succeed_v according_a to_o my_o desire_n so_o in_o fig._n 4._o suppose_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n to_o be_v of_o 8_o part_n and_o the_o pipe_n mn_v to_o be_v only_o of_o 4_o part_n by_o which_o mean_n it_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o obstacle_n that_o take_v up_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o aperture_n let_v the_o water_n run_v out_o and_o the_o vessel_n always_o remain_v full_a the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n hg_v appear_v suspend_v in_o e_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 6_o part_n which_o be_v half_a the_o sum_n of_o 8_o and_o 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o obex_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n in_o fig._n 5._o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v of_o the_o height_n of_o 6_o part_n the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n e_o f_o be_v see_v to_o rise_v to_o saint_n to_o wit_n to_o 7_o part_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v as_o in_o fig._n 6._o when_o the_o pipe_n e_o h_n pour_v forth_o the_o water_n be_v of_o â—_o part_n i._n e._n equivalent_a to_o a_o obstacle_n stop_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o orifice_n for_o in_o the_o glass_n pipe_v the_o water_n stand_v in_o t_o i._n e._n in_o part_n 5._o and_o that_o as_o exact_o as_o physical_a experiment_n will_v admit_v as_o every_o one_o may_v easy_o try_v i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o other_o case_n therefore_o reason_n and_o experience_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o a_o middle_n arithmetical_a proportion_n between_o the_o force_n of_o the_o obstacle_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cistern_n while_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o divert_v myself_o in_o make_v various_a hydrostatical_a experiment_n in_o the_o dog-day_n i_o happen_v to_o make_v a_o very_a curious_a observation_n to_o wit_n that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o same_o horizontal_n pipe_n be_v insert_v into_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o perpendicular_a pipe_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o situation_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n in_o one_o and_o the_o other_o as_o in_o fig._n 7._o let_v the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v full_a of_o water_n the_o pipe_n d_o h_n
be_v insert_v into_o it_o and_o shut_v in_o the_o extremity_n and_o let_v f_o g_o h_n i_o be_v the_o glass_n pipe_n erect_v perpendicular_o but_o m_n the_o pipe_n pour_v out_o water_n therefore_o in_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_o according_a to_o what_o be_v say_v before_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v to_o o_o i._n e._n to_o part_n 5._o for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pipe_n m_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n be_v suppose_v 2._o and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v as_o 8._o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_z be_v transfer_v to_o h_n i_o the_o orifice_n where_o it_o be_v fasten_v be_v stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_a i._n e._n to_o n_o to_o almost_o 7_o degree_n which_o will_v likewise_o happen_v if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n two_o glass_n pipe_n f_o g_o h_n i_o stand_v upright_o and_o the_o pipe_n m_o shall_v pour_v out_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v always_o full_a for_o this_o different_a height_n of_o water_n be_v perceive_v well_o enough_o in_o every_o case_n one_o may_v try_v the_o same_o not_o only_a when_o the_o pipe_n that_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n be_v long_o or_o short_a but_o also_o when_o many_o pipe_n of_o different_a length_n and_o with_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n send_v forth_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o many_o glass_n pipe_n be_v interject_v see_v many_o case_n may_v be_v feign_v according_a to_o every_o one_o fancy_n but_o see_v there_o be_v no_o small_a undulation_n in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n because_o the_o water_n run_v out_o at_o m_o fall_v back_o upon_o its_o self_n this_o inconveniency_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v shun_v if_o the_o pipe_n f_o h_n be_v something_o bend_a that_o so_o both_o the_o glass_n pipe_n and_o the_o pipe_n send_v forth_o the_o water_n be_v incline_v to_o one_o side_n for_o in_o this_o case_n there_o will_v happen_v less_o undulation_n and_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o view_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n run_v from_o the_o cistern_n out_o at_o m_o withdraw_v some_o of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o pipe_n f_o g_o so_o that_o it_o can_v rise_v so_o high_a and_o the_o same_o impetus_fw-la come_v to_o h_n i_o find_v now_o no_o vent_n make_v it_o rise_v high_a even_o to_o n._n this_o new_a observation_n i_o communicate_v to_o the_o same_o boccabadatus_fw-la who_o as_o he_o do_v not_o a_o little_a wonder_n at_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o be_v a_o most_o ingenious_a and_o exact_a searcher_n into_o natural_a thing_n he_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o yea_o afterward_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o which_o he_o say_v he_o will_v insert_v into_o his_o work_n which_o he_o be_v to_o publish_v about_o mechanic_n force_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o propose_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o hydrostaticks_n think_v it_o worthy_a of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o more_o acute_a wit_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v discover_v from_o whence_o this_o diversity_n of_o pressure_n proceed_v chap._n viii_o about_o the_o goodness_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o well_n of_o modena_n therefore_o have_v sail_v over_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v in_o a_o dark_a navigation_n in_o which_o neither_o the_o star_n nor_o the_o needle_n do_v guide_v i_o it_o remain_v that_o i_o furl_v my_o sail_n and_o hasten_v to_o the_o land_n georg._n 4._o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o pass_v over_o with_o a_o dry_a foot_n the_o nature_n of_o these_o fountain_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v useful_a to_o man_n and_o lest_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v of_o those_o that_o be_v thirsty_a i_o drink_v quiet_o i_o shall_v touch_v only_o at_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o this_o subject_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v beyond_o my_o purpose_n it_o be_v a_o old_a dispute_n what_o in_o the_o class_n of_o simple_a water_n be_v most_o wholesome_a see_v some_o prefer_v rain-water_n other_o prefer_v fountain-water_n in_o some_o place_n river-water_n be_v most_o prefer_v in_o other_o well-water_n hypocrates_n seem_v to_o prefer_v rain-water_n to_o all_o other_o for_o these_o he_o call_v the_o sweet_a the_o thin_a and_o the_o clear_a of_o all_o see_v what_o be_v thin_a and_o light_a of_o the_o water_n be_v exalt_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a hypocrates_n speak_v of_o rain_n water_n in_o the_o summertime_n which_o they_o call_v horaiae_fw-la i._n e._n early_o see_v among_o water_n that_o want_v art_n he_o commend_v these_o which_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o sky_n when_o it_o thunder_v but_o these_o that_o fall_v in_o storm_n he_o pronounce_v bad_a celsus_n galen_n avicenna_n paulus_n and_o other_o follow_v hypocrates_n judge_v the_o same_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n pliny_n do_v great_o discommend_v rain-water_n yea_o he_o be_v so_o angry_a that_o he_o think_v the_o o_o pinion_n which_o commend_v they_o to_o endanger_v man_n life_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o levity_n that_o they_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o heaven_n see_v stone_n also_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o heaven_n and_o further_o water_n when_o they_o fall_v from_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v infect_v by_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o fountain-water_n to_o he_o seem_v preferable_a to_o they_o when_o plenty_n of_o they_o may_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v due_o consider_v there_o will_v be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o dispute_v for_o all_o rain-water_n as_o also_o fountain-water_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o goodness_n see_v every_o country_n have_v not_o the_o same_o atmosphere_n nor_o the_o same_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v see_v also_o according_a to_o theophrastus_n such_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v such_o be_v the_o water_n it_o often_o happen_v as_o coâ—taeus_n advert_v that_o in_o some_o place_n for_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o air_n the_o rain-water_n be_v better_a but_o in_o other_o place_n the_o fountain_n or_o river-water_n be_v the_o best_a as_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n nile_n who_o much_o wished-for_a inundation_n keep_v all_o egypt_n every_o year_n solicitous_a but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n excel_v in_o goodness_n all_o other_o seeing_z running_z a_o long_a way_n over_o a_o country_n burn_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v concoct_v and_o be_v toss_v by_o sudden_a fall_n from_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o attenuate_v hence_o athenaeus_n testify_v that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n betroth_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o assyria_n he_o will_v she_o to_o take_v with_o she_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o when_o other_o thing_n do_v not_o agree_v it_o seem_v the_o fountain-water_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o rain-water_n and_o all_o other_o for_o rain-water_n be_v draw_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o filth_n dung_n and_o dead_a body_n themselves_o and_o though_o hypocrates_n judge_v they_o best_o yet_o he_o add_v that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o be_v boil_v and_o strain_v wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o some_o do_v disprove_v make_v of_o syrup_n of_o poppeys_n with_o rain-water_n and_o they_o think_v that_o hypocrates_n speak_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o not_o experience_n so_o among_o the_o modern_n the_o most_o experience_a etmuller_n say_v that_o rain-water_n keep_v always_o something_o earthy_a behind_o it_o though_o distil_v a_o hundred_o time_n but_o so_o will_v any_o water_n do_v as_o well_o as_o rain_v water_n but_o well-water_n see_v they_o have_v no_o motion_n but_o when_o they_o be_v stir_v and_o in_o the_o bottom_n have_v much_o slime_n and_o rain-water_n be_v gather_v of_o snow_n and_o rains_n and_o run_v over_o divers_a kind_n oâ—_n earth_n and_o be_v therefore_o by_o hypocrates_n call_v disagree_v can_v have_v that_o purity_n and_o simplicity_n which_o the_o fountain-water_n have_v which_o be_v concoct_v by_o the_o heat_n pen_v up_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v strain_v through_o the_o same_o earth_n therefore_o our_o most_o pure_a fountain-water_n as_o they_o have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o plain_a water_n so_o they_o yield_v to_o none_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a fountain_n of_o our_o time_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o mark_n by_o which_o the_o most_o sincere_a water_n and_o fit_a for_o humane_a use_n be_v commend_v do_v appear_v in_o these_o in_o a_o most_o eminent_a manner_n the_o chief_a quality_n that_o be_v want_v
in_o water_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o rest_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n be_v that_o it_o partake_v most_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air._n so_o pliny_n have_v write_v that_o wholesome_a water_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o like_a to_o the_o air._n on_o which_o account_n cassiodorus_n commend_v the_o virgin_n water_n so_o famous_a then_o at_o rome_n that_o run_v most_o pure_o it_o resamble_v the_o air._n for_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v pure_a like_o the_o air_n light_n and_o clear_a free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v thin_a and_o susceptible_a of_o heat_n and_o cold._n but_o the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v such_o for_o they_o be_v clear_a like_o the_o air_n free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v do_v most_o quick_o receive_v any_o other_o quality_n and_o be_v weigh_v be_v light_a than_o any_o other_o though_o physician_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o value_v much_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o lightness_n and_o the_o divine_a master_n call_v these_o light_n 26._o which_o be_v soon_o hot_a and_o soon_o cold_a and_o pliny_n write_v 3._o that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o examine_v by_o the_o balance_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o water_n see_v it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o one_o be_v light_a than_o the_o other_o which_o brasavolus_n try_v in_o several_a kind_n of_o water_n before_o hercules_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n yet_o see_v there_o be_v not_o want_v more_o subtle_a way_n of_o know_v even_o the_o least_o difference_n of_o weight_n in_o water_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o archimedes_n levity_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v for_o levity_n signify_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n saline_n and_o be_v a_o sure_a proof_n of_o great_a simplicity_n true_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o vessel_n of_o the_o same_o capacity_n and_o full_a of_o the_o same_o water_n and_o in_o one_o of_o these_o divers_a kind_n of_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o certain_a quantity_n though_o the_o water_n do_v not_o grow_v in_o bulk_n yet_o the_o one_o will_v be_v of_o great_a weight_n than_o the_o other_o and_o will_v be_v fill_v with_o strange_a quality_n wherefore_o gravity_n and_o levity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o some_o water_n natural_o light_a be_v worse_o than_o other_o that_o be_v heavy_a because_o of_o the_o evil_a quality_n of_o the_o soil_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v athenaeus_n say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o amphiaraus_n and_o eâ—treria_n be_v compare_v together_o do_v not_o differ_v in_o weight_n yet_o the_o one_o be_v wholesome_a and_o the_o other_o not_o so_o titâ—aresius_n a_o river_n of_o which_o homer_n speak_v run_v into_o penaeus_n be_v not_o mix_v with_o it_o but_o swim_v over_o it_o like_o oil_n yet_o pliny_n say_v his_o water_n be_v deadly_a and_o he_o say_v that_o penaeus_n refuse_v to_o suffer_v his_o silver-coloured_a water_n to_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o other_o deadly_a water_n if_o we_o infuse_v a_o whole_a glass_n of_o antimony_n in_o water_n otherwise_o light_a no_o weight_n will_v be_v add_v to_o it_o to_o judge_v of_o but_o none_o be_v ignorant_a what_o disorder_n it_o raise_v in_o the_o body_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o confess_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a of_o the_o lightness_n of_o the_o water_n consider_v alone_o but_o if_o with_o other_o mark_n of_o goodness_n there_o be_v lightness_n join_v it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a accession_n to_o its_o goodness_n thal._n herodotus_n describe_v a_o fountain_n of_o aethiopia_n the_o water_n of_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o such_o lightness_n that_o nothing_o can_v swim_v in_o it_o no_o not_o a_o stick_n nor_o what_o be_v light_a than_o a_o stick_n and_o such_o as_o use_v those_o water_n be_v call_v macrobii_n i._n e._n long-lived_a gelen_n himself_o commend_v the_o lightness_n of_o the_o water_n for_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o its_o goodness_n 1._o but_o if_o the_o lightness_n be_v alone_o say_v he_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n of_o good_a water_n which_o one_o may_v also_o say_v of_o all_o the_o other_o sign_n see_v none_o of_o itself_o and_o separately_z be_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n of_o its_o goodness_n but_o a_o sure_a mark_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o water_n be_v if_o it_o be_v not_o heavy_a in_o the_o bowel_n for_o this_o be_v true_o the_o light_a and_o this_o kind_n of_o lightness_n be_v more_o to_o be_v esteem_v than_o that_o which_o may_v be_v try_v with_o the_o scale_n for_o we_o must_v not_o present_o because_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n deprive_v of_o all_o quality_n so_o as_o to_o be_v pure_a clear_a void_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v give_v sentence_n and_o pronounce_v it_o innocent_a but_o we_o must_v bring_v another_o proof_n viz._n how_o they_o affect_v the_o bowel_n for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o it_o have_v all_o external_a mark_n of_o goodness_n yet_o have_v a_o more_o secret_a noxiousness_n which_o can_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o 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these_o fountain_n use_v to_o throw_v up_o at_o their_o first_o come_v forth_o moreover_o these_o water_n according_a to_o my_o observation_n and_o of_o many_o other_o continue_v without_o corruption_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experiment_n in_o long_a navigation_n that_o the_o water_n of_o neuceria_n do_v stink_v but_o we_o continue_v pure_a i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a it_o be_v a_o question_n among_o physician_n no_o less_o curious_a than_o worthy_a to_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o sudden_a corruption_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o its_o goodness_n or_o badness_n perhaps_o hypocrates_n himself_o give_v cause_n of_o doubt_v who_o after_o he_o have_v commend_v rain_n water_n say_z they_o soon_o putrify_v except_o they_o be_v boil_v and_o strain_v again_o galen_n paulus_n avicenna_n and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n among_o the_o modern_n joubertus_n salius_n augenius_n bruvierinus_fw-la and_o many_o other_o take_v the_o water_n readiness_n to_o putrify_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o goodness_n provide_v other_o note_n agree_v for_o the_o chief_a property_n of_o water_n be_v say_v they_o that_o they_o be_v quick_o alter_v by_o any_o external_a cause_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o think_v its_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n to_o arise_v but_o these_o which_o continue_v long_o free_a of_o corruption_n say_v they_o partake_v of_o a_o aluminous_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o water_n of_o tiber_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n for_o month_n and_o year_n under_o ground_n without_o corruption_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v a_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n among_o the_o fault_n of_o water_n among_o who_o be_v costaeus_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o best_a water_n that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o corrupt_a and_o