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considerable_o shake_v and_o some_o body_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o undulate_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v sensible_o though_o not_o visible_o affect_v of_o which_o simon_n pauli_n in_o his_o ingenious_a tract_n de_fw-fr febribus_fw-la malignis_fw-la p._n 71._o give_v a_o instance_n in_o these_o word_n atqui_fw-la aeger_fw-la ille_fw-la gallus_n brachio_n truncatus_fw-la octiduum_fw-la quidem_fw-la superfuit_fw-la sed_fw-la horrendis_fw-la totius_fw-la corporis_fw-la convulsionibus_fw-la correptus_fw-la qui_fw-la quoque_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la addam_fw-la observatione_fw-la dignissima_fw-la dum_o in_o domini_fw-la svi_fw-la aedibus_fw-la ad_fw-la plateam_fw-la kiodmoggerianum_n romanè_fw-la laniorum_fw-la appellares_fw-la decumberet_fw-la ac_fw-la i_o ac_fw-la aliis_fw-la aliquandiu_fw-la ad_fw-la lectum_n illius_fw-la considentibus_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la attendentibus_fw-la explodentur_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi 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at_o sea_n who_o have_v have_v sensible_a pain_n upon_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o lest_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o these_o sound_n be_v rather_o propagate_v by_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o body_n which_o receive_v the_o first_o impression_n lean_v upon_o than_o convey_v through_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o sound_v of_o thunder_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n since_o it_o can_v only_o be_v propagate_v through_o the_o air_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o so_o powerful_a a_o agitation_n that_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o shake_v not_o only_o house_n but_o several_a ship_n at_o sea_n but_o these_o effect_n will_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a if_o we_o reflect_v on_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n especial_o if_o we_o likewise_o consider_v that_o sound_v be_v propagate_v with_o great_a celerity_n than_o any_o thing_n we_o know_v beside_o in_o our_o sphere_n for_o though_o as_o marsennus_n take_v notice_n a_o bullet_n move_v 240_o yard_n in_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o minute_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v sound_v to_o move_v 400_o yard_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o sound_n may_v be_v convey_v through_o the_o air_n the_o concussion_n of_o house_n or_o ship_n at_o sea_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la violent_o shake_v by_o a_o intense_a agitation_n where_o those_o sound_n be_v original_o form_v yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o effect_n which_o those_o sound_n have_v on_o body_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o globe_n depend_v in_o some_o measure_n on_o the_o disposition_n of_o those_o body_n to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o such_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o instance_n allege_v in_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o observation_n make_v by_o the_o experience_a platerus_n which_o show_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n may_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o air_n for_o lib._n observe_v 1._o p._n 185._o he_o say_v faemina_fw-la quaedam_fw-la in_o subitaneum_fw-la incidit_fw-la morbum_fw-la viribus_fw-la subito_fw-la prostratis_fw-la se_fw-la suffocari_fw-la indesinenter_fw-la clamitans_fw-la etsi_fw-la nec_fw-la stertoris_n nec_fw-la tussis_fw-la aliqua_fw-la essent_fw-la indicia_fw-la maxim_n verò_fw-la de_fw-fr aura_fw-fr quadam_fw-la adveniente_fw-la si_fw-la vel_fw-la leviter_fw-la aliquis_fw-la adstantium_fw-la se_fw-la moveret_fw-la quae_fw-la illam_fw-la opprimeret_fw-la conquerebatur_fw-la seque_fw-la suffocari_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la propius_fw-la accederet_fw-la clamitabat_fw-la vix_fw-la dum_fw-la biduum_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la anxietate_fw-la perseverans_fw-la expiravit_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v vidi_n &_o alios_fw-la aegros_fw-la de_fw-la simili_fw-la aura_fw-fr quae_fw-la eos_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la illis_fw-la appropinquaret_fw-la in_fw-la suffocationis_fw-la periculum_fw-la induceret_fw-la conquerentes_fw-la quod_fw-la semper_fw-la pessimum_fw-la est_fw-la signum_fw-la deprehendi_fw-la iii_o iii_o prop._n iii_o though_o the_o number_n of_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n put_v into_o motion_n enable_v they_o to_o perform_v several_a thing_n yet_o they_o be_v usual_o slight_v because_o invisible_a the_o effect_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n be_v usual_o esteem_v very_o inconsiderable_a by_o those_o who_o imagine_v that_o these_o more_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n only_a act_n upon_o the_o exteral_a superficies_n of_o other_o but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o those_o effluvia_fw-la be_v not_o only_o very_o numerous_a but_o of_o convenient_a figure_n and_o size_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o may_v attribute_v more_o powerful_a effect_n to_o they_o than_o man_n usual_o be_v wont_v to_o do_v for_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v more_o or_o less_o strong_a and_o numerous_a they_o may_v either_o disjoin_v or_o otherwise_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n as_o in_o a_o anthill_n who_o soil_n be_v full_a of_o egg_n by_o the_o number_n and_o motion_n of_o those_o little_a infect_v the_o egg_n which_o be_v up_o and_o down_o intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v present_o be_v separate_v and_o displace_v or_o as_o the_o leave_n and_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v various_o bend_v and_o break_v off_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o instance_n which_o may_v more_o illustrate_v what_o we_o be_v about_o that_o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n who_o effect_n be_v less_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v enable_v by_o their_o size_n and_o figure_n to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v a_o evident_a instance_n in_o sugar_n and_o amber_n throw_v together_o into_o water_n for_o the_o water_n present_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o sugar_n and_o total_o dissolve_v they_o whereas_o the_o amber_n continue_v unaltred_a to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v one_o of_o no_o less_o force_n afford_v by_o chemistry_n for_o if_o you_o pour_v limpid_a water_n upon_o that_o consistent_a substance_n which_o remain_v after_o a_o abstraction_n of_o five_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n from_o one_o of_o mercury_n and_o shake_v the_o mixture_n the_o calx_fw-la will_n present_o exchange_v it_o be_v white_a for_o a_o limon-colour_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n be_v present_o alter_v and_o how_o powerful_a the_o minute_n part_v of_o some_o body_n be_v we_o may_v further_o observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o these_o subtle_a particle_n present_o penetrate_v the_o substance_n of_o that_o solid_a body_n and_o so_o exagitate_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o motion_n strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o we_o have_v not_o a_o less_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o unheeded_a
we_o consider_v the_o vast_a variety_n of_o body_n contain_v in_o and_o about_o our_o globe_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v imagine_v that_o nature_n shall_v always_o keep_v to_o one_o constant_a and_o regular_a way_n of_o act_v but_o that_o in_o several_a particular_n she_o must_v deviate_v and_o operate_v various_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v even_o natural_a day_n to_o vary_v in_o length_n and_o have_v dispute_v much_o concern_v the_o anomalic_a assign_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n apogeum_n the_o sun_n itself_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o be_v even_o obscure_v by_o opacous_a matter_n as_o in_o caesar_n time_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o augustus_n his_o government_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o near_o a_o whole_a year_n obscure_v to_o which_o we_o may_v subjoin_v the_o number_n duration_n and_o vastness_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n of_o some_o comet_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o galaxy_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o we_o there_o be_v certain_a black_a and_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n white_a cloud_n which_o move_v along_o with_o the_o galaxy_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o these_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n 18_o degree_n south_n latitude_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o these_o as_o argument_n since_o i_o suspect_v those_o black_a cloud_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o azure_a sky_n appear_v through_o the_o galaxy_n and_o those_o white_a one_o to_o be_v only_a constellation_n like_o those_o of_o the_o galaxy_n or_o the_o belt_n of_o orion_n law_n nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_a in_o her_o law_n but_o have_v hint_v that_o nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_o regular_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v here_o intimate_v that_o sometime_o we_o may_v think_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v periodical_a and_o return_v at_o set_a time_n irregular_a because_o we_o live_v not_o long_a enough_o to_o observe_v the_o frequent_a return_v of_o such_o change_n as_o we_o usual_o esteem_v prodigy_n in_o nature_n for_o it_o will_v as_o much_o be_v think_v strange_a to_o see_v tree_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n in_o the_o summer_n to_o a_o man_n that_o live_v but_o one_o year_n as_o several_a other_o phaenomena_n be_v strange_a to_o we_o who_o have_v not_o live_v long_o enough_o to_o have_v observe_v such_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o periodical_a turn_v before_o so_o before_o the_o different_a appearance_n of_o saturn_n have_v often_o be_v observe_v they_o be_v think_v prodigy_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a that_o several_a star_n have_v periodical_o appear_v and_o disappear_v several_a time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o girdle_n of_o andromeda_n and_o about_o the_o swan_n breast_n and_o another_o among_o the_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n these_o i_o say_v be_v most_o remarkable_a because_o they_o not_o only_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o periodical_a appearance_n of_o some_o phaenomena_n but_o invalidate_n the_o philosophical_a system_n of_o some_o who_o allow_v of_o no_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n firmament_n vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n but_o if_o rather_o than_o to_o allow_v of_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n we_o will_v imagine_v the_o star_n which_o appear_v and_o disappear_v to_o have_v dark_a and_o light_a hemisphere_n which_o periodical_o turn_v towards_o our_o globe_n it_o will_v still_o be_v a_o argument_n to_o question_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o universe_n since_o at_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n such_o considerable_a alteration_n be_v observable_a but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o such_o prodigious_a change_n as_o be_v sometimus_fw-la observe_v may_v not_o by_o be_v frequent_o repeat_v become_v a_o custom_n and_o have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n for_o some_o reason_n have_v be_v unable_a to_o examine_v into_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o subterraneal_a region_n myself_o i_o shall_v rather_o give_v such_o a_o account_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a person_n grove_n the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o grove_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v relate_v a_o story_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n observe_v by_o a_o chemist_n who_o purposely_o travel_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v the_o follow_v that_o go_v down_o into_o a_o grove_n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o it_o he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a but_o present_o after_o for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o his_o descent_n he_o feel_v it_o considerable_o cold_a 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correspondent_a to_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n winter_n and_o summer_n i._n the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n consider_v under_o certain_a proposition_n prop._n i._n these_o thing_n premise_v in_o general_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o particular_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o four_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n i._n the_o bound_n as_o well_o as_o temperature_n of_o the_o first_o region_n be_v very_o different_a the_o reason_n of_o both_o part_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v plain_a since_o the_o sun_n beam_n must_v not_o only_o penetrate_v deep_a in_o the_o summer_n than_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o because_o the_o solidity_n or_o porousness_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v dispose_v the_o soil_n to_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o to_o proceed_v it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o uppermost_a region_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a because_o both_o the_o violent_a impression_n of_o sun_n beam_n and_o rugged_a wind_n be_v keep_v off_o by_o the_o side_n of_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n and_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v much_o weaken_a by_o those_o side_n be_v plain_a since_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v so_o break_v as_o to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o thaw_v all_o summer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v with_o a_o cover_n of_o brick_n well_o clay_v over_o and_o be_v by_o that_o mean_n preserve_v from_o any_o intercourse_n with_o the_o external_n air_n it_o may_v be_v preserve_v without_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o france_n so_o that_o though_o the_o coldness_n of_o subterraneal_a cavity_n may_v conduce_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o a_o thaw_v but_o the_o subterraneal_a region_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v from_o excessive_a heat_n by_o prevent_v the_o intercourse_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o the_o external_n air_n but_o may_v be_v considerable_o lessen_v in_o such_o cavity_n as_o be_v considerable_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o iron_n mine_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a as_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o apt_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o external_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n so_o neither_o be_v the_o hot_a region_n subject_a to_o be_v alter_v much_o by_o the_o external_a cold_a in_o winter_n which_o appear_v from_o the_o smoke_n of_o some_o spring_n in_o winter_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n which_o have_v run_v a_o considerable_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n or_o pass_v through_o some_o earth_n that_o be_v fit_o dispose_v to_o warm_v it_o in_o its_o passage_n but_o further_a that_o winter_n cold_a be_v much_o more_o
dispose_v to_o influence_n the_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o hot_a one_o which_o lie_v under_o it_o appear_v from_o reason_n itself_o and_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o even_o water_n in_o freeze_a losâ—â—_n its_o fluidity_n and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n first_o in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v most_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n cold_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o russia_n that_o if_o wine_n or_o beer_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o cellar_n well_o roof_v over_o and_o about_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a it_o may_v be_v preserve_v from_o freeze_a notwithstanding_o the_o violence_n of_o external_a cold_a where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o warmth_n of_o those_o vault_n do_v not_o only_o depend_v on_o the_o exclusion_n of_o external_n air_n but_o also_o on_o the_o steam_n of_o those_o ferment_a liquor_n together_o with_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o be_v gather_v there_o and_o hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o proposition_n ii_o ii_o prop._n ii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o two_o follow_a member_n as_o first_o first_o member_n the_o first_o that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v cold_a than_o that_o above_o or_o that_o below_o it_o this_o be_v both_o confirm_v by_o observation_n already_o cite_v and_o also_o by_o reason_n by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o body_n compound_v of_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a they_o must_v consequent_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a cold_a why_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a and_o why_o that_o region_n shall_v have_v its_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o it_o be_v plain_a because_o it_o lie_v remote_a both_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n as_o well_o as_o subterraneal_a heat_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o i_o say_v the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a yet_o i_o will_v only_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n for_o i_o by_o no_o mean_n think_v that_o region_n to_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o most_o intense_a degree_n of_o coldness_n since_o neither_o ice_n or_o snow_n have_v be_v ever_o observe_v to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v comparative_o cold_a than_o those_o region_n about_o it_o yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v hence_o argue_v because_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o summer_n that_o the_o exhalation_n which_o steam_n from_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v sensible_o warm_a at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o grove_n which_o they_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o middle_a region_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v extreme_o cold_a proposition_n the_o second_o member_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o second_o member_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o several_a place_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o this_o middle_a region_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v different_a at_o the_o same_o season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o experience_n and_o first_o from_o experience_n it_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o those_o who_o have_v often_o be_v in_o those_o hungarian_a mine_n as_o well_o as_o some_o here_o in_o england_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o different_a heat_n in_o different_a climate_n but_o more_o peculiar_o the_o difference_n in_o soil_n it_o will_v not_o be_v less_o consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o porous_a and_o compact_a soyl._n the_o different_a temper_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o soyl._n and_o may_v have_v different_a substance_n mix_v with_o it_o or_o run_v through_o it_o which_o may_v alter_v the_o temper_n of_o it_o for_o there_o be_v not_o always_o that_o regular_a order_n in_o nature_n which_o be_v in_o our_o thought_n of_o she_o since_o salt_n marchasite_n and_o mineral_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o middle_a as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o may_v by_o impregnate_v those_o fluid_n which_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n cause_n different_a refrigerate_a effluvia_fw-la to_o affect_v various_a part_n of_o the_o same_o region_n as_o if_o in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o nitre_n and_o in_o another_o with_o marchasitical_a earth_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o former_a must_v render_v that_o part_n of_o the_o region_n the_o cold_a of_o the_o two_o beside_o the_o temper_n of_o they_o may_v differ_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o its_o maturity_n so_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n the_o temper_n of_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v different_a in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o one_o time_n from_o what_o they_o be_v at_o another_o in_o the_o same_o place_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o difference_n which_o it_o may_v undergo_v by_o several_a other_o accident_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o low_a region_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o proposition_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a in_o the_o several_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v by_o those_o thermoscope_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o to_o distinguish_v such_o difference_n because_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o liquor_n may_v differ_v in_o its_o pressure_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o it_o be_v long_o and_o consequent_o heavy_a the_o low_a it_o descend_v but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o region_n comprise_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n iii_o prop._n iii_o viz._n that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o three_o region_n be_v warm_a which_o warmth_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n that_o it_o be_v warm_a and_o that_o that_o heat_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o attest_v by_o the_o several_a person_n that_o have_v go_v down_o into_o those_o mine_n but_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o those_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v for_o i_o be_o not_o a_o little_a incline_v to_o suspect_v that_o consider_v the_o closeness_n of_o those_o cavity_n in_o which_o they_o work_v the_o effluvium_n of_o their_o own_o body_n and_o of_o the_o metal_n they_o work_v in_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v to_o it_o fire_n the_o effect_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o suspicion_n i_o shall_v rather_o brief_o intimate_v that_o i_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o several_a calorifick_a quality_n be_v carry_v up_o through_o cleft_n and_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n cause_n a_o sensible_a heat_n to_o be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o steam_n appear_v manifest_o from_o those_o damp_n which_o be_v often_o observe_v in_o grove_n not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o germany_n bohemia_n hungary_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o bituminous_a and_o sulphureous_a in_o smell_n as_o to_o be_v apt_a to_o take_v actual_a fire_n but_o one_o thing_n i_o must_v intimate_v here_o which_o be_v that_o though_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o some_o reason_n this_o argument_n valid_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o without_o a_o suspicion_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o aptness_n which_o these_o exhalation_n have_v to_o take_v flame_n yet_o even_o several_a cold_a steam_n may_v rise_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v acquire_v heat_n in_o the_o upper_a region_n for_o we_o see_v that_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o take_v flame_n have_v not_o the_o least_o sensible_a heat_n in_o their_o part_n before_o nay_o be_v so_o far_o from_o that_o that_o salt-petre_n which_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o flame_n will_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n add_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n to_o it_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n who_o spirit_n though_o easy_o inflammable_a affect_v not_o the_o touch_n with_o the_o least_o heat_n if_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n but_o that_o which_o incline_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n just_o now_o mention_v be_v that_o not_o only_a morinus_n but_o several_a other_o have_v observe_v the_o exhalation_n of_o mine_n considerable_o hot_a in_o summer_n time_n and_o the_o experience_a agricola_n have_v oserve_v that_o the_o mineral_n steam_n which_o pervade_v the_o earth_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o to_o permit_v a_o horefrost_n to_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n which_o they_o lie_v under_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
but_o whether_o marcasite_n may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o graduate_a gold_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o be_v consider_v there_o be_v this_o advertisement_n which_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v and_o it_o be_v that_o though_o some_o be_v use_v to_o employ_v flux_n powder_n indiffent_o without_o understand_v the_o difference_n of_o they_o i_o have_v try_v that_o lead_v over_o be_v flux_v with_o file_n of_o mars_n afford_v a_o large_a quantity_n of_o metal_n than_o with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n fulminate_v together_o but_o one_o part_n of_o good_a native_a cinnabar_fw-la fine_o powder_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o with_o a_o different_a flux_n powder_n we_o obtain_v twice_o as_o much_o mercury_n from_o the_o former_a as_o we_o do_v from_o the_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o a_o mineral_n nature_n some_o observation_n about_o native_a gold_n gold_n observation_n about_o 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over_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v altogether_o incapable_a of_o be_v calcine_v though_o keep_v in_o a_o crucible_n red_a hot_a for_o some_o hour_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o acid_n menstruum_n as_o spar_n of_o lead_n over_o may_v a_o piece_n of_o spar_n in_o which_o but_o little_a gold_n be_v contain_v be_v weigh_v in_o water_n be_v to_o its_o proportion_n as_o 2_o 65_o 100_o to_o 1_o which_o be_v but_o little_a above_o the_o weight_n of_o common_a marble_n but_o though_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o true_a gold_n over_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o discourage_v mineralist_n from_o seek_v it_o in_o vein_n of_o other_o mineral_n since_o it_o have_v be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o copper_n mine_n but_o vein_n of_o tin_n and_o lead_n for_o in_o a_o place_n in_o scotland_n several_a grain_n of_o native_a gold_n have_v be_v find_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n over_o lead_v mine_n some_o piece_n of_o which_o be_v weigh_v hydrostatical_o one_o piece_n of_o 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be_v worth_a while_n to_o examine_v they_o hydrostatical_o and_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o crystal_n for_o i_o have_v find_v near_o the_o high_a road_n a_o eagle-stone_n which_o be_v not_o suspect_v to_o be_v of_o english_a growth_n and_o i_o find_v a_o kind_n of_o magnesia_n near_o a_o potter_n workhouse_n which_o he_o afterward_o make_v use_n of_o to_o glaze_v his_o pot_n and_o i_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o mineral_n substance_n which_o though_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v know_v of_o what_o kind_a it_o be_v yet_o i_o soon_o discover_v it_o to_o abound_v with_o vitriol_n and_o that_o it_o will_v yield_v it_o much_o more_o plentiful_o than_o the_o vitriol-stone_n find_v near_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n or_o those_o make_a use_n of_o at_o the_o vitriol-works_a near_o deptford_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o ore_n of_o bismuth_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o heedful_a eye_n when_o common_a miner_n know_v not_o what_o kind_n of_o substance_n it_o be_v when_o they_o dig_v it_o up_o but_o this_o hydrostatical_a way_n of_o estimate_v oar_n may_v not_o only_o be_v make_v of_o use_n in_o judge_v of_o mineral_n substance_n but_o those_o earth_n which_o be_v the_o womb_n of_o they_o since_o though_o they_o can_v be_v suspend_v by_o a_o hair_n as_o solid_a grain_n of_o ore_n yet_o a_o jar_n may_v be_v counterpoise_v in_o water_n and_o then_o be_v fill_v with_o such_o earth_n the_o weight_n of_o they_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o first_o counterpoise_v they_o in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o have_v first_o wet_v they_o with_o water_n and_o convey_v they_o into_o the_o water_n in_o that_o hydrostatical_a bucket_n and_o that_o this_o hydrostatical_a way_n of_o weigh_v earth_n may_v be_v of_o use_n appear_v since_o it_o have_v not_o only_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o red_a mud_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o water_n abound_v with_o iron_n plentiful_o but_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o in_o a_o english_a ochre_n and_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o diamond_n as_o well_o as_o gold_n have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o red_a kind_n of_o soyl._n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o england_n curious_o figure_v crystal_n lodge_v in_o a_o soil_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o it_o may_v not_o only_o be_v of_o use_n to_o weigh_v divers_a sort_n of_o earth_n in_o our_o bucket_n but_o also_o several_a sort_n of_o sand_n since_o by_o a_o microscope_n i_o have_v discern_v several_a grain_n to_o appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o a_o aggregate_v of_o granate_n and_o i_o have_v experience_v not_o only_o hydrostatical_o that_o that_o black_a sand_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o london_n contain_v good_a store_n of_o particle_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n but_o i_o have_v likewise_o be_v convince_v by_o flux_v it_o and_o by_o cast_v it_o whilst_o it_o be_v melt_v into_o the_o conical_a part_n of_o a_o crucible_n and_o i_o further_o observe_v that_o â…ž_n of_o it_o will_v be_v attract_v by_o a_o powerful_a loadstone_n but_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n have_v not_o only_o be_v observe_v in_o sand_n but_o gold_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o guiny_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o tagus_n which_o run_v by_o lisbon_n and_o pactolus_n and_o some_o have_v be_v find_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o a_o little_a river_n which_o run_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n in_o savoy_n but_o much_o more_o gold_n may_v be_v get_v from_o sand_n chemical_o than_o by_o pick_v it_o up_o if_o the_o sand_n be_v reduce_v to_o glass_n with_o litharge_n or_o minium_n and_o then_o the_o volatile_a gold_n be_v obtain_v by_o give_v it_o a_o body_n fit_a to_o retain_v and_o fix_v it_o such_o as_o silver_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v get_v by_o quartation_n out_o of_o as_o much_o
which_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o air_n form_v body_n like_o moss_n and_o here_o and_o there_o small_a mushroom_n pretty_o colour_v and_o from_o other_o granate_n i_o obtain_v a_o tincture_n which_o after_o evaporation_n do_v in_o the_o cold_a afford_v saline_a concretion_n but_o so_o small_a that_o their_o figure_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v and_o probable_o be_v trial_n make_v other_o mineral_n concretes_n may_v be_v wrought_v on_o by_o appropriate_v menstruum_n for_o though_o the_o spar_v that_o be_v find_v in_o lead_n mine_n next_o the_o vein_n of_o ore_n be_v semidiaphanous_a and_o usual_o break_v in_o smooth_a and_o glassy_a superficies_n and_o look_n like_o a_o talc_n and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v up_o of_o figure_a particle_n shape_v like_o rhombuus_n or_o rhomboide_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o be_v a_o more_o open_a body_n than_o talk_v be_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o heat_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o 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with_o which_o they_o counterfeit_v diamond_n have_v be_v cause_v in_o a_o trice_n to_o emit_v copious_a and_o strong_o scent_v steam_n and_o even_o diamond_n the_o hard_a of_o gem_n may_v by_o rub_v be_v cause_v to_o emit_v electrical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o digestion_n of_o a_o man_n stomach_n be_v not_o able_a to_o extract_v the_o metalline_a part_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a congruity_n betwixt_o the_o juice_n of_o our_o body_n and_o the_o mineral_n substance_n with_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v than_o we_o be_v aware_a of_o beside_o we_o see_v that_o the_o stomach_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o chalybeate_a preparation_n and_o even_o crude_a steel_n itself_o and_o i_o have_v obtain_v a_o tincture_n from_o several_a hard_a body_n and_o even_a gem_n themselves_o by_o a_o liquor_n distil_v from_o a_o vegetable_a substance_n as_o temperate_o qualify_v as_o bread_n and_o that_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o our_o body_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o extract_a of_o the_o virtue_n of_o precious_a stone_n i_o be_o persuade_v since_o it_o make_v a_o evident_a alteration_n in_o the_o hard_a of_o they_o so_o as_o to_o render_v a_o diamond_n electrical_a and_o i_o have_v have_v one_o which_o by_o warm_a water_n will_v be_v excite_v to_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a that_o gem_n have_v the_o most_o subtle_a mineral_n steam_n in_o they_o be_v not_o disperse_v by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n they_o may_v be_v more_o effectual_a consider_v their_o quantity_n than_o preparation_n of_o metal_n which_o have_v undergo_v a_o fusion_n and_o their_o virtue_n may_v sometime_o be_v much_o different_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o mineral_n particle_n since_o vunzerus_n tell_v we_o that_o among_o those_o stone_n which_o be_v call_v nephritick_n stone_n some_o be_v much_o more_o effectual_a than_o other_o beside_o the_o petrifick_a juice_n 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saline_a nature_n
of_o vapour_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v and_o that_o quicksilver_n will_v we_o be_v assure_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o fumigation_n in_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v incorporate_v with_o stone_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o some_o kind_n of_o native_a cinnabar_fw-la and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o not_o only_o artificial_a but_o natural_a salarmoniack_a may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o exhalation_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o salarmoniack_a sulphur_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v sublime_v into_o a_o gold_n like_o substance_n appear_v from_o the_o preparation_n of_o aurum_fw-la musicum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o earth_n abound_v with_o mineral_n exhalation_n of_o various_a kind_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v as_o well_o by_o we_o as_o several_a other_o author_n and_o since_o the_o earth_n abound_v with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o mineral_n there_o be_v no_o question_n 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crayfish_n as_o a_o antidote_n against_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n and_o even_o treacle_n be_v esteem_v not_o only_o as_o a_o alexipharmick_n but_o endue_v with_o specific_a virtue_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o manifest_a as_o well_o as_o occult_a quality_n and_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o several_a stone_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n differ_v in_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o medicinal_a quality_n as_o lapis_n nephriticus_n and_o several_a of_o they_o have_v virtue_n which_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o other_o kind_n when_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o like_a exhalation_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o bloodstone_n which_o will_v stop_v hemorrhagy_n when_o make_v use_v of_o without_o the_o person_n knowledge_n yet_o by_o its_o colour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o to_o the_o forego_n particular_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n may_v be_v so_o powerful_a and_o penetrate_a as_o to_o petrifie_v both_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a substance_n as_o appear_v from_o petrify_v skull_n bone_n and_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o that_o vegetable_a substance_n may_v be_v harden_v into_o stone_n be_v evident_a since_o lapis_fw-la lyncurius_fw-la a_o stone_n near_o naples_n be_v rub_v and_o moisten_v and_o then_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o due_a season_n will_v yield_v mushroom_n fit_a to_o be_v eat_v so_o that_o the_o seminal_a principle_n of_o vegetable_n may_v be_v petrify_v without_o lose_v a_o power_n of_o exert_v themselves_o when_o they_o find_v a_o opportunity_n and_o these_o kind_n of_o stone_n be_v sometime_o find_v to_o be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o that_o other_o earth_n subject_a to_o be_v petrify_v may_v be_v endue_v with_o medicinal_a virtue_n appear_v since_o i_o know_v a_o clay-pit_n in_o which_o a_o bed_n of_o clay_n yield_v by_o distillation_n a_o volatile_a and_o strong_a salt_n which_o be_v a_o good_a cordial_n and_o a_o great_a open_n and_o diaphoretic_n medicine_n and_o that_o sublimable_a salt_n sulphur_n and_o bitumens_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o stone_n i_o have_v find_v by_o their_o chemical_a examan_n and_o that_o metalline_a part_n may_v concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o medicinal_a stone_n may_v appear_v from_o native_a sulphur_n which_o be_v itself_o a_o compound_n body_n beside_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o mineral_n earth_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o consistent_a solid_n body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o consistent_a body_n that_o fluid_a body_n such_o as_o water_n wine_n urine_n etc._n etc._n emit_fw-la effluvia_fw-la be_v too_o evident_a to_o want_v proof_n and_o that_o even_o consistent_a and_o solid_a body_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v since_o not_o only_o leave_v of_o plant_n but_o ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n be_v manifest_o odoriferous_a and_o not_o only_o volatile_a salt_n be_v sensible_o diminish_v by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n but_o camphire_n which_o be_v a_o tough_a tenacious_a body_n and_o even_o from_o the_o electrical_a quality_n of_o amber_n hard_a wax_n etc._n etc._n it_o appear_v that_o they_o emit_v corporeal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o sensible_o affect_v the_o nostril_n when_o violent_o rub_v and_o as_o further_a instance_n of_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o consistent_a body_n we_o may_v add_v that_o not_o only_a apple_n but_o egg_n lose_v of_o their_o weight_n in_o winter_n and_o so_o do_v wood_n for_o have_v cause_v a_o cup_n to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o and_o counterpoise_v it_o it_o grow_v sensible_o and_o gradual_o light_a so_o that_o though_o it_o want_v two_o drachm_n of_o two_o ounce_n yet_o it_o lose_v forty_o grain_n of_o that_o weight_n in_o ten_o hour_n and_o even_o ice_n which_o weigh_v two_o ounce_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n lose_v ten_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n though_o not_o in_o the_o least_o thaw_v and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o those_o that_o deal_v among_o lead_n and_o tin_n that_o those_o body_n emit_v very_o hurtful_a effluvia_fw-la and_o cold-share_n iron_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o smell_v so_o rank_a whilst_o red_a hot_a that_o the_o smith_n can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o work_v it_o and_o not_o only_a iron_n but_o brass_n and_o copper_n when_o heat_v smell_v very_o unpleasant_o and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o beside_o loadstone_n black_a marble_n as_o well_o as_o other_o stone_n whilst_o a_o polish_n will_v emit_v sensible_a effluvia_fw-la which_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o smell_v they_o emit_v and_o among_o other_o body_n which_o convince_v we_o that_o they_o emit_v sensible_a effluvia_fw-la by_o their_o smell_n i_o shall_v enumerate_v those_o conical_a stone_n call_v thunder-stone_n which_o upon_o attrition_n emit_v a_o sulphureous_a smell_n and_o so_o do_v a_o substance_n which_o much_o resemble_v a_o marchasite_n and_o i_o make_v a_o mixture_n of_o a_o metalline_a body_n and_o a_o coagulate_v mercury_n which_o have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o the_o eye_n as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n near_o which_o it_o be_v wear_v as_o a_o appensum_fw-la and_o vitrum_fw-la saturni_n make_v with_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o minium_n be_v not_o devoid_a of_o electricity_n nor_o be_v brass_n free_a from_o a_o offensive_a smell_n when_o its_o part_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a concussion_n by_o turn_v and_o among_o electrical_a body_n i_o have_v see_v some_o of_o so_o close_a a_o texture_n and_o so_o hard_a that_o they_o will_v strike_v fire_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la itself_o will_v not_o work_v upon_o they_o as_o cornelian_o rock-crystal_n etc._n etc._n and_o even_o so_o hard_a body_n as_o diamond_n be_v find_v to_o be_v electrical_a and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o concretion_n call_v cugoli_n make_v use_v of_o by_o glassman_n in_o the_o east-indies_n emit_v a_o smell_n upon_o attrition_n and_o so_o will_v a_o calculus_fw-la humanus_fw-la and_o iron_n itself_o if_o hold_v to_o a_o grind_a stone_n without_o the_o use_n of_o water_n and_o marchasite_n likewise_o upon_o a_o attrition_n emit_v a_o sulphureous_a odour_n and_o even_o so_o fix_v body_n as_o regulus_n of_o antimony_n and_o its_o glass_n communicate_v to_o liquor_n emetic_n and_o purgative_n emanation_n and_o glass_n itself_o which_o be_v fix_v enough_o to_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o attrition_n emit_v offensive_a effluvia_fw-la and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o fire_n have_v so_o great_a a_o stroke_n in_o exciting_a the_o atmosphere_n of_o body_n expose_v to_o they_o that_o amber_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o former_a and_o glass_n to_o the_o latter_a they_o both_o become_v electrical_a and_o i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o if_o a_o great_a many_o body_n not_o yet_o try_v be_v careful_o weigh_v they_o will_v appear_v sensible_o to_o emit_fw-la effluvia_fw-la though_o the_o waste_v make_v by_o some_o body_n be_v so_o small_a as_o to_o be_v
that_o effect_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o be_v observe_v about_o the_o cease_n of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cayro_n in_o egypt_n but_o enough_o of_o that_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v here_o that_o i_o have_v make_v a_o stain_n upon_o a_o body_n by_o the_o invisible_a steam_n and_o effluvia_fw-la of_o another_o cold_a body_n i_o alter_v the_o colour_n of_o that_o stain_v by_o the_o invisible_a and_o cold_a steam_n of_o a_o three_o and_o to_o countenance_v my_o conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o meteor_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a citation_n from_o agricola_n who_o have_v mention_v out_o of_o ancient_a historian_n the_o rain_v of_o white_a and_o red_a liquor_n subjoin_v ut_fw-la autem_fw-la majorem_fw-la fidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la analium_fw-la monumentis_fw-la facit_fw-la res_fw-la res_fw-la illa_fw-la decantata_fw-la quae_fw-la patrium_fw-la memoria_fw-la in_o suaevia_n accidit_fw-la aer_fw-la enim_fw-la ille_fw-la stillavit_fw-la guttas_fw-la quae_fw-la lineas_fw-la vestes_fw-la crucibus_fw-la rubris_fw-la quasi_fw-la sanguineis_fw-la imbuebant_fw-la and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o subterraneal_a salt_n bituman_n and_o sulphur_n may_v be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n if_o so_o fix_v a_o body_n as_o common_a earth_n may_v which_o the_o new_o cite_a author_n testify_v and_o that_o the_o odoriferous_a particle_n of_o plant_n reserve_v their_o determinate_a nature_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o imagine_v may_v appear_v since_o one_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n give_v not_o only_o a_o taste_n to_o 14000_o time_n its_o bulk_n of_o water_n but_o withal_o diffuse_v a_o great_a number_n of_o odoriferous_a particle_n through_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n the_o last_o way_n we_o shall_v mention_v to_o evince_v the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n be_v from_o their_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n as_o the_o stupify_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o fish_n amoreatim_o mention_v by_o piso_n the_o effect_n of_o opium_n and_o hypnotick_n upon_o a_o boy_n who_o whilst_o he_o be_v distil_v they_o cast_v he_o into_o a_o sleep_n and_o the_o root_n and_o juice_n of_o mandragora_n be_v say_v to_o cast_v those_o that_o take_v it_o into_o a_o deep_a sopor_fw-la like_o a_o lethargy_n and_o levinus_n lemnius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n be_v lay_v in_o his_o study_n make_v he_o so_o sleepy_a that_o he_o can_v scarce_o recover_v himself_o aurelaeus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o poison_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n have_v be_v convey_v to_o one_o in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la and_o calius_n aurelianus_n acquaint_v we_o that_o some_o have_v become_v mad_a by_o be_v wound_v only_o by_o the_o claw_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n and_o that_o one_o fall_v into_o a_o hydrophobia_n solo_fw-la odour_n ex_fw-la rabido_fw-la cane_n attracto_fw-la and_o matthiolus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o be_v poison_v only_o by_o put_v his_o hand_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mad_a dog_n without_o be_v bit_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o sennertus_n relate_v that_o a_o painter_n have_v open_v a_o box_n in_o which_o realgar_n have_v be_v contain_v the_o fume_n be_v snuss_v up_o his_o nostril_n present_o cause_v a_o giddiness_n in_o his_o head_n and_o faint_a fi_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o several_a have_v be_v purge_v by_o the_o smell_n of_o black_a hellebore_n and_o as_o sennertus_n witness_n by_o the_o odour_n of_o coloquintida_n and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n which_o purge_v when_o only_o external_o apply_v and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o approve_a writer_n that_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o wallnut-tree_n with_o the_o leave_n on_o it_o be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o head_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o bird_n will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o light_v upon_o those_o poisonous_a tree_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n call_v the_o manchinello-tree_n and_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o safe_a for_o man_n to_o eat_v of_o fruit_n find_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o bird_n have_v be_v peck_v at_o they_o before_o and_o nicolaus_n florentinus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o draw_v into_o his_o nostril_n the_o smoke_n of_o a_o burn_a spider_n he_o be_v much_o disorder_v and_o fall_v into_o a_o faint_a fit_a and_o be_v much_o disorder_v about_o the_o heart_n his_o pulse_n be_v likewise_o weak_a though_o after_o he_o be_v cure_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o treacle_n diamosc_n and_o the_o powder_n of_o zedoary_a and_o i_o see_v a_o berry_n call_v maccu-buy_a in_o ireland_n which_o be_v pound_v in_o a_o mortar_n cause_v the_o head_n and_o face_n of_o one_o that_o stand_v hard_o by_o to_o swell_v enormous_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o amber_n musk_n civet_n etc._n 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wear_v they_o though_o by_o a_o sick_a man_n the_o latter_a be_v more_o to_o be_v prize_v five_o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o distinguish_v valuable_a form_n from_o those_o of_o less_o esteem_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v allow_v some_o distinction_n among_o subordinate_a form_n in_o as_o much_o as_o some_o belong_v to_o similar_v and_o other_o to_o organical_a part_n six_o among_o the_o part_n of_o plant_n or_o animal_n there_o may_v be_v some_o part_n so_o modify_v as_o to_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o seminal_a principle_n which_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o body_n may_v act_v as_o such_o in_o actuate_a and_o guide_v some_o part_n of_o matter_n so_o as_o to_o convene_v into_o infect_v etc._n etc._n seven_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o specific_a form_n of_o a_o body_n the_o body_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o beset_v with_o other_o substance_n which_o may_v act_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o sun_n air_n or_o some_o other_o agent_n by_o mean_n of_o 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part_n yet_o when_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v water_v with_o a_o continual_a supply_n of_o sap_n the_o sap_n be_v only_o disperse_v in_o the_o air_n or_o intercept_v and_o spend_v in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o nothing_o at_o all_o perish_v but_o only_o the_o manner_n of_o union_n and_o the_o particular_a modification_n of_o those_o part_n of_o matter_n cease_v so_o that_o those_o solid_a part_n be_v no_o long_o fit_o adapt_v to_o be_v nourish_v by_o those_o fluid_n which_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v our_o doctrine_n though_o there_o be_v considerable_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o thing_n compare_v inasmuch_o as_o a_o plant_n have_v not_o always_o that_o aptitude_n to_o be_v again_o actuate_v as_o the_o mill_n have_v but_o there_o be_v some_o instance_n which_o may_v render_v the_o difference_n less_o considerable_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o rose_n of_o jericho_n which_o though_o for_o several_a year_n gather_v and_o wither_v be_v so_o far_o refresh_v by_o water_n as_o to_o seem_v but_o late_o gather_v and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o though_o a_o plant_n of_o aloe_n have_v several_a year_n hang_v near_o the_o ceiling_n of_o my_o chamber_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o convenient_a liquor_n so_o far_o renew_v as_o to_o perform_v several_a thing_n which_o be_v usual_o the_o effect_n of_o life_n and_o growth_n and_o the_o like_a be_v confirm_v by_o what_o may_v be_v experiment_a in_o wasp_n which_o though_o drown_v in_o water_n will_v yet_o recover_v life_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n ingredient_n the_o quality_n of_o a_o body_n who_o specific_a form_n be_v destroy_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o unite_a action_n of_o the_o whole_a ingredient_n but_o to_o wave_v needless_a illustration_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o observe_v that_o though_o a_o body_n have_v lay_v down_o its_o specific_a form_n yet_o the_o quality_n remain_v be_v not_o always_o the_o result_n of_o the_o unite_a 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suspenduntur_fw-la donec_fw-la justam_fw-la maturitatem_fw-la &_o flavedinem_fw-la consequantur_fw-la and_o he_o also_o say_v of_o the_o bough_n when_o lope_v off_o ramus_fw-la autem_fw-la ille_fw-la fructibus_fw-la onustus_fw-la interea_fw-la dum_fw-la illi_fw-la maturescunt_fw-la augetur_fw-la floresque_fw-la semper_fw-la protrudit_fw-la ex_fw-la corpore_fw-la illo_fw-la foliâ—ceo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a that_o onion_n and_o such_o like_a fruit_n as_o well_o as_o potato_n will_v shoot_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n though_o suspend_v in_o the_o air._n but_o not_o here_o to_o take_v notice_n how_o far_o these_o thing_n may_v result_v from_o the_o exertion_n of_o latent_fw-la and_o seminal_a principle_n i_o shall_v rather_o observe_v that_o several_a thing_n usual_o ascribe_v to_o the_o soul_n may_v result_v even_o from_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n concur_v with_o external_a cause_n as_o the_o hair_n or_o nail_n will_v grow_v considerable_o 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more_o clear_o understand_v how_o a_o superadded_a form_n modify_v the_o action_n of_o a_o body_n we_o need_v but_o reflect_v on_o the_o part_n of_o a_o watch_n from_o whence_o the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la proceed_v where_o we_o may_v see_v how_o the_o spring_n by_o be_v bend_v acquire_v a_o tendency_n to_o expand_v and_o how_o the_o wheel_n moderate_v that_o expansion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v how_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n which_o unite_v make_v the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la concur_v in_o superad_v several_a new_a quality_n to_o the_o whole_a so_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n be_v vitrify_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o which_o action_n the_o part_n which_o before_o be_v pliable_a become_v brittle_a and_o be_v otherwise_o range_v as_o to_o situation_n give_v way_n to_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o become_v transparent_a and_o salt-petre_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n instead_o of_o burn_v by_o degree_n and_o leave_v a_o alkalizate_a 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the_o account_n of_o its_o mixture_n as_o for_o instance_n ambergris_n retain_v its_o smell_n as_o well_o as_o aloe_n its_o taste_n when_o make_v up_o into_o pill_n with_o other_o ingregredient_n and_o opium_n likewise_o its_o soporifick_a quality_n though_o mix_v with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ingredient_n as_o those_o of_o venice-treacle_n another_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o precipitate_v of_o gold_n and_o mercury_n by_o heat_n which_o though_o it_o have_v a_o red_a colour_n different_a from_o both_o the_o ingredient_n yet_o the_o mercury_n retain_v its_o salivate_a faculty_n form_n the_o most_o note_a often_o esteem_v the_o specific_a form_n viii_o that_o be_v often_o call_v the_o specific_a form_n in_o several_a natural_a body_n which_o be_v not_o the_o preside_a but_o only_o the_o most_o eminent_a to_o prove_v this_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v as_o first_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n form_n be_v make_v use_n of_o arbitrary_o and_o without_o sufficient_a distinction_n second_o that_o form_n be_v only_o respective_a and_o the_o result_n of_o a_o determinate_a coexistence_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n three_o that_o they_o be_v attribute_v to_o body_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o particular_a quality_n as_o unctuousness_n in_o oil_n etc._n etc._n or_o some_o particular_a use_n pourthly_a agreeable_o to_o these_o a_o body_n must_v be_v endue_v which_o several_a of_o those_o quality_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o which_o body_n be_v refer_v to_o different_a class_n as_o in_o vitrum_fw-la antimonii_n in_o which_o beside_o those_o quality_n by_o which_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o glass_n it_o have_v a_o vomitive_a and_o purgative_n faculty_n by_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o another_o class_n in_o physic_n five_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a that_o these_o form_n shall_v depend_v on_o one_o another_o since_o neither_o the_o vomitive_a nor_o purgative_n faculty_n depend_v on_o the_o form_n of_o glass_n they_o both_o be_v inherent_a in_o the_o calx_fw-la before_o it_o be_v vitrify_v and_o will_v be_v preserve_v though_o the_o glass_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o other_o matter_n shall_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o regulus_n six_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v less_o or_o more_o noble_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a uses_n as_o in_o glass_n of_o antimony_n though_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o noble_a form_n by_o a_o artist_n yet_o it_o be_v other_o antimonial_a quality_n be_v more_o eminent_a among_o chemist_n and_o physician_n seven_o from_o these_o consideration_n we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o most_o predominant_a form_n be_v not_o always_o that_o which_o denominate_v the_o form_n of_o a_o body_n but_o sometime_o that_o which_o be_v most_o eminent_a that_o be_v most_o regard_v subordinate_a some_o be_v rather_o concurrent_a form_n than_o subordinate_a ix_o the_o form_n just_a now_o mention_v be_v rather_o to_o be_v esteem_v concurrent_a than_o subordinate_a and_o indeed_o where_o the_o denominate_n or_o most_o regard_v form_n may_v be_v so_o vary_v they_o rather_o seem_v concurrent_a than_o subordinate_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n who_o attribute_n they_o be_v so_o that_o the_o subjection_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o form_n seem_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v explain_v and_o indeed_o we_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o mistake_v name_n for_o thing_n since_o by_o only_o denominate_v some_o body_n which_o have_v particular_a operation_n we_o be_v apt_a to_o attribute_v what_o be_v the_o sole_a effect_n of_o modification_n to_o that_o metaphysical_a conception_n which_o we_o have_v of_o a_o airy_a form_n rather_o than_o to_o the_o body_n consider_v as_o a_o physical_a agent_n endue_v with_o a_o mechanical_a and_o adventitious_a texture_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o supereminency_n or_o dominion_n of_o one_o form_n in_o all_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o compound_v body_n that_o in_o some_o simple_a body_n the_o specific_a form_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o concern_v in_o the_o effect_n of_o they_o as_o water_n will_v scald_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o adventitious_a heat_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o those_o quality_n attribute_v to_o its_o form_n as_o such_o and_o so_o springiness_n may_v be_v add_v to_o or_o take_v away_o from_o silver_n without_o alter_v the_o specific_a form_n of_o the_o metal_n nor_o do_v the_o form_n of_o a_o file_n consider_v as_o metal_n affect_v what_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o asperity_n nor_o be_v the_o more_o than_o usual_a hardness_n the_o product_n of_o the_o substantial_a form_n but_o a_o acquire_v temper_v give_v it_o by_o the_o smith_n it_o will_v be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o add_v several_a other_o instance_n but_o to_o conclude_v though_o the_o uncertain_a signification_n of_o term_n have_v make_v the_o foregoing_a discourse_n the_o more_o difficult_a and_o dark_a yet_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o detect_v some_o receive_a error_n and_o promote_v a_o true_a theory_n concern_v these_o matter_n chap._n v._o experiment_n and_o thought_n about_o the_o production_n and_o reproduction_n of_o form_n how_o body_n distinguish_v into_o spaecy_n how_o it_o be_v not_o without_o ground_n that_o i_o intimate_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n about_o quality_n that_o body_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n distinguish_v into_o several_a species_n by_o a_o sort_n of_o tacit_fw-la agreement_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o diagnostick_n sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o several_a species_n of_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v rather_o take_v for_o distinct_a species_n by_o be_v know_v by_o such_o name_n than_o any_o true_a characteristic_n as_o for_o instance_n some_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o write_n of_o aristotle_n hold_v that_o water_n and_o ice_n be_v not_o esteem_v distinct_a kind_n of_o body_n they_o both_o have_v the_o same_o nature_n yet_o galen_n not_o without_o reason_n favour_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n since_o they_o differ_v both_o in_o respect_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n as_o well_o as_o transparency_n beside_o ice_n and_o salt_n beat_v together_o will_v freeze_v other_o liquor_n whereas_o water_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o where_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v difference_n enough_o to_o denominate_v they_o two_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n as_o well_o as_o that_o must_v vinegar_n wine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o tartar_n shall_v be_v esteem_v so_o or_o that_o a_o chick_n shall_v be_v think_v different_a from_o the_o egg_n which_o be_v hatch_v yet_o some_o aristotelian_o have_v be_v very_o doubtful_a whether_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v different_a or_o not_o as_o also_o whether_o cloud_n hail_o rain_n or_o snow_n differ_v in_o specie_fw-la from_o water_n though_o the_o writer_n concern_v meteor_n usual_o treat_v of_o they_o as_o different_a and_o if_o so_o
of_o transparent_a liquor_n and_o a_o dry_a brittle_a caput_n mortuum_n i_o reduce_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n into_o powder_n which_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v turn_v from_o a_o red_a to_o a_o pure_a yellow_a colour_n and_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o liquor_n be_v form_v into_o a_o red_a balsam_n which_o by_o a_o continue_a digestion_n begin_v to_o lose_v that_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o powder_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v it_o can_v not_o be_v distinguish_v from_o laudable_a turpentine_n chap._n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o origin_n of_o quality_n and_o form_n have_v in_o some_o of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n give_v a_o short_a scheme_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n our_o experiment_n concern_v the_o production_n and_o change_n of_o particular_a quality_n i_o shall_v now_o lay_v down_o such_o natural_a phaenomena_n as_o induce_v i_o to_o take_v up_o such_o notion_n in_o which_o not_o art_n but_o nature_n discover_v her_o operation_n experiment_n i._n quality_n a_o experiment_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v concern_v form_n and_o quality_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o be_v what_o occur_v in_o hatch_n of_o a_o egg._n and._n first_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o prolific_a egg_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o bone_n and_o membrane_n be_v call_v similar_v part_n of_o a_o animal_n the_o liquor_n of_o the_o yolk_n as_o well_o as_o the_o white_a be_v to_o sense_n a_o similar_v substance_n though_o by_o distillation_n several_a substance_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o second_o that_o by_o beat_v the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n well_o it_o lose_v much_o of_o its_o tenacity_n and_o become_v a_o fluid_a body_n in_o which_o agitation_n there_o be_v only_o a_o mechanical_a alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n three_o that_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o chick_n lodge_v in_o the_o cicatricula_fw-la be_v nourish_v only_o by_o the_o white_a till_o it_o become_v a_o great_a chick_n the_o yolk_n be_v reserve_v as_o a_o strong_a nourishment_n till_o the_o white_a be_v spend_v and_o the_o chick_n be_v able_a to_o digest_v it_o and_o in_o effect_n the_o chick_n seem_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o head_n wing_n beak_n and_o claw_n before_o the_o yolk_n be_v touch_v last_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o be_v admire_v that_o so_o soft_a and_o similar_v a_o liquor_n as_o that_o of_o a_o egg_n shall_v be_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n change_v into_o a_o chick_n endow_v with_o organical_a part_n of_o different_a fabric_n and_o similar_v one_o different_a in_o texture_n very_o much_o from_o one_o another_o beside_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o solid_a part_n be_v as_o different_a as_o the_o former_a and_o endow_v first_o with_o new_a quality_n as_o colour_n taste_v odour_n heat_v hardness_n etc._n etc._n second_o quality_n distinct_a from_o sensible_a one_o as_o fludity_n consistency_n hardness_n and_o flexibility_n etc._n 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by_o the_o regulate_v heat_n either_o of_o oven_n or_o dunghill_n whence_o it_o easy_o appear_v that_o the_o plastic_a power_n no_o otherwise_o contribute_v to_o the_o formation_n of_o a_o chick_n than_o by_o guide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o white_a put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o external_a heat_n so_o that_o they_o may_v associate_v after_o a_o manner_n necessary_a to_o produce_v a_o organical_a chick_n experiment_n ii_o form_n water_n may_v by_o alter_v its_o texture_n put_v on_o new_a form_n water_n though_o a_o homogeneous_a diaphanous_a fluid_a body_n devoid_a of_o colour_n taste_v and_o smell_v etc._n etc._n may_v by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n acquire_v attribute_n different_a from_o these_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o growth_n of_o vegetable_n when_o nourish_v even_o by_o simple_a water_n in_o bottle_n where_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o crows-foot_n after_o six_o month_n growht_n weigh_v above_o three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o before_o it_o be_v put_v in_o but_o not_o only_a crows-foot_n but_o several_a other_o plant_n owe_v their_o substance_n to_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n alter_v in_o texture_n as_o spearmint_n marjorane_n raphanus_n aquaticus_fw-la and_o ranunculus_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o compose_v water_n may_v by_o have_v their_o part_n different_o modify_v produce_v several_a concretes_n endue_v with_o different_a quality_n as_o firmness_n volatility_n colour_n smell_v and_o taste_v together_o with_o other_o specific_a or_o occult_a quality_n yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v that_o so_o insipid_a a_o body_n as_o water_n shall_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o juice_n so_o caustick_a as_o that_o of_o ranunculus_n or_o one_o so_o inflammable_a as_o oil_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v by_o distillation_n from_o plant_n only_o nourish_v in_o bottle_n observation_n iii_o substance_n all_o plant_n may_v be_v nourish_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o substance_n it_o be_v usual_o believe_v that_o plant_n by_o the_o faculty_n of_o a_o vegetative_a soul_n select_a and_o suck_v in_o a_o juice_n appropriate_v to_o each_o rather_o than_o that_o they_o be_v all_o nourish_v by_o one_o juice_n different_o modify_v in_o that_o plant_n but_o the_o latter_a will_n easy_o appear_v if_o we_o consider_v what_o happen_v in_o graft_v and_o inoculation_n for_o if_o a_o pear-tree_n be_v graft_v into_o a_o white-thorn_n the_o aliment_n suck_v in_o by_o that_o root_n will_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o yield_v nourishment_n to_o a_o pear_n fruit_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o white-thorn_n the_o same_o be_v evident_a in_o inoculation_n where_o the_o sap_n select_v by_o the_o root_n be_v so_o alter_v in_o the_o bud_n inoculate_v that_o the_o same_o sap_n which_o in_o the_o genuine_a branch_n of_o the_o tree_n constitute_v one_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v turn_v into_o another_o in_o those_o spring_a from_o the_o inoculate_v bud._n and_o here_o it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o same_o juice_n yield_v various_a sort_n of_o substance_n in_o different_a plant_n but_o even_o in_o the_o same_o tree_n where_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o fruit_n differ_v from_o its_o flesh_n and_o that_o from_o the_o stone_n and_o all_o of_o they_o from_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tree_n not_o only_o in_o colour_n but_o several_a other_o quality_n as_o the_o blossom_n of_o a_o peach_n have_v a_o purgative_n virtue_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o fruit_n and_o garcias_n ab_fw-la horto_fw-la affirm_v that_o the_o seed_n of_o solutive_a cassia_n fistula_n be_v astringent_a a_o account_v not_o unlike_a to_o which_o we_o have_v of_o certain_a kernel_n of_o a_o fruit_n much_o like_o a_o white_a pear-plum_n by_o mr._n lygon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o barbados_n p._n 67_o 68_o five_o of_o which_o work_v a_o dozen_o time_n upward_o with_o he_o and_o twenty_o time_n
what_o it_o have_v before_o but_o to_o render_v our_o present_a experiment_n more_o instructive_a i_o shall_v add_v another_o attempt_n to_o sublime_a gold_n after_o the_o follow_a method_n have_v then_o dissolve_v laminate_v gold_n in_o some_o of_o the_o above_o mention_v menstruum_fw-la we_o draw_v it_o off_o in_o a_o retort_n place_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n be_v elevate_v and_o either_o fell_a into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o golden_a colour_a liquor_n or_o shoot_v into_o red_a crystal_n like_o ruby_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n which_o in_o the_o air_n will_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o by_o a_o new_a affusion_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o remain_a calx_fw-la more_o of_o itwould_v still_o be_v elevate_v by_o distillation_n but_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n more_o serviceable_a it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o note_n that_o upon_o pour_v running_n mercury_n into_o this_o elevate_a tincture_n the_o particle_n of_o it_o be_v immediate_o guild_v and_o by_o degree_n the_o mercury_n be_v keep_v in_o motion_n the_o whole_a liquor_n lose_v its_o tincture_n which_o be_v decant_v and_o the_o guild_v mercury_n with_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o borax_n melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n the_o elevate_a gold_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mass_n which_o evince_v what_o i_o just_a now_o teach_v viz._n that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v tincture_v by_o have_v the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o receive_v its_o tincture_n convenient_o interweave_v in_o its_o texture_n without_o be_v whole_o destroy_v and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o seasonable_a to_o advertise_v that_o have_v elsewhere_o mention_v a_o volatile_a gold_n in_o some_o oar_n where_o none_o of_o that_o metal_n be_v to_o be_v find_v i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v it_o volatile_a in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o the_o forego_n sublimation_n intimate_v viz._n that_o its_o volatility_n depend_v on_o a_o mixture_n of_o volatile_a part_n which_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o when_o dissolve_v into_o very_a minute_n part_n so_o as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o swim_v in_o that_o vehicle_n experiment_n viii_o texture_n how_o so_o hard_a a_o body_n as_o silver_n etc._n etc._n may_v become_v a_o sour_a substance_n by_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n have_v dissolve_v a_o ounce_n of_o refine_a silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o permit_v it_o to_o crystalize_v we_o find_v that_o the_o silver_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o acid_n salt_n be_v increase_v in_o weight_n several_a drachm_n which_o distil_v in_o a_o retort_n with_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o make_v the_o retort_n red_a hot_a yield_v a_o phlegm_n eminent_o sour_a which_o show_v that_o a_o very_a bitter_a body_n may_v yield_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a taste_n for_o the_o liquor_n be_v cold_a in_o the_o receiver_n smoke_a as_o well_o as_o smell_v and_o taste_v like_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o by_o corrode_a copper_n turn_v it_o into_o a_o blevish_a colour_n after_o ward_v we_o make_v a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o have_v by_o filtration_n and_o evaporation_n procure_v a_o saccharum_n saturni_n we_o distil_v it_o in_o a_o well_o coated_a retort_n over_o a_o naked_a fire_n and_o obtain_v a_o offensive_a acid_n which_o have_v the_o smell_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o be_v put_v upon_o minium_n bubble_v and_o make_v a_o considerable_a noise_n present_o afford_v a_o liquor_n from_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v obtain_v a_o true_a sugar_n of_o lead_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la be_v neither_o sweet_a as_o before_o distillation_n nor_o sower_n as_o the_o body_n draw_v from_o it_o but_o insipid_a and_o easy_o reducible_a by_o fusion_n into_o a_o malleable_a lead_n experiment_n phaenomena_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o experiment_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v also_o remarkable_a first_o that_o the_o salt_n which_o increase_v the_o silver_n in_o weight_n no_o more_o than_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n be_v able_a to_o sublime_a the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o fix_a body_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v mix_v with_o three_o several_a metal_n may_v produce_v as_o many_o different_a taste_n though_o the_o same_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v be_v successive_o make_v use_n of_o in_o those_o three_o experiment_n and_o howsoever_o vary_v in_o respect_n of_o order_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v likewise_o that_o part_n of_o the_o distil_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v pour_v on_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o saccharum_n saturni_n turn_v some_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o vitriol_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o be_v pour_v upon_o file_n of_o silver_n the_o silver_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n be_v coagulate_v into_o a_o bitter_a salt_n experiment_n ix_o because_o transmutation_n of_o body_n who_o texture_n be_v esteem_v primordial_a as_o those_o of_o the_o element_n and_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v ingredient_n of_o most_o composition_n here_o below_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o alter_a the_o texture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v what_o progress_n i_o have_v make_v in_o order_n to_o turn_v water_n into_o earth_n earth_n a_o transformation_n of_o water_n into_o earth_n have_v therefore_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n distil_v fair_a rain-water_n and_o several_a time_n re-distilled_a it_o again_o we_o find_v that_o after_o every_o distillation_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o white_a earth_n remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v more_o plentiful_o afford_v in_o the_o latter_a distillation_n than_o the_o first_o and_o therefore_o we_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v it_o can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n turn_v into_o earth_n which_o afford_v the_o follow_a phanomena_n viz._n 1._o be_v put_v into_o a_o microscope_n in_o the_o sunbeam_n exhibit_v phaenomena_n exhibit_v it_o appear_v to_o consist_v of_o part_n exceed_o fine_a which_o be_v as_o fine_a in_o the_o microscope_n as_o hair-powder_n usual_o be_v to_o the_o eye_n yet_o not_o in_o the_o least_o transparent_a 2._o be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o whitish_a colour_n as_o the_o powder_n of_o white_a marble_n usual_o do_v yet_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n it_o remain_v undissolve_v 3._o after_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o red-hot_a crucible_n it_o be_v neither_o diminish_v in_o quantity_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o the_o least_o smoke_n 4._o it_o exceed_v water_n in_o weight_n so_o as_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o twice_o its_o bulk_n of_o common_a water_n be_v almost_o as_o heavy_a as_o wood-ash_n free_v from_o their_o salt_n which_o to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 2_o â…™_n which_o do_v not_o much_o come_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o white_a glass_n which_o be_v twice_o and_o a_o half_o heavy_a than_o its_o weight_n of_o water_n so_o that_o from_o these_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o term_v the_o forementioned_a white_a substance_n earth_n consider_v likewise_o its_o fixedness_n and_o other_o quality_n but_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o glass_n in_o which_o it_o be_v distil_v be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o damage_v by_o this_o process_n as_o also_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n yield_v six_o drachm_n of_o powder_n earth_n water_n almost_o whole_o convertible_a into_o earth_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o water_n still_o remain_v behind_o so_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v no_o small_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o if_o element_n themselves_o may_v be_v transmute_v and_o artificial_o destroy_v by_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o their_o part_n why_o may_v not_o considerable_a change_n be_v effect_v also_o in_o other_o body_n by_o a_o local_a motion_n and_o a_o new_a manner_n and_o form_n of_o union_n of_o part_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o size_n since_o in_o this_o experiment_n the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v modify_v anew_o form_n a_o solid_a body_n of_o very_o different_a quality_n from_o what_o belong_v to_o it_o before_o as_o want_v of_o transparency_n solidity_n etc._n etc._n powder_n how_o water_n acquire_v the_o form_n of_o a_o solid_a powder_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o be_v so_o modify_v anew_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o rub_v upon_o one_o another_o by_o violent_a occursion_n may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o adapt_v as_o to_o stick_v together_o and_o to_o form_v several_a little_a moleculae_fw-la which_o be_v more_o condense_v and_o consequent_o heavy_a than_o water_n
have_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o whence_o some_o fluid_a body_n who_o part_n be_v not_o adapt_v so_o as_o to_o adhere_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n want_v that_o quality_n as_o quicksilver_n which_o slip_v over_o the_o surface_v of_o most_o body_n without_o stick_v to_o they_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o as_o gold_n or_o tin_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v fluid_fw-la since_o inasmuch_o as_o it_o dissolve_v they_o it_o have_v much_o the_o same_o virtue_n as_o liquid_n have_v in_o soften_a other_o substance_n and_o that_o humidity_n depend_v on_o a_o apt_a configuration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o their_o congruity_n with_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n be_v further_a evident_a since_o water_n itself_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o body_n be_v not_o moist_a as_o the_o feather_n of_o swan_n duck_n etc._n etc._n add_v to_o this_o that_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o when_o the_o texture_n of_o a_o liquor_n be_v change_v it_o may_v 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that_o of_o figs._n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o jesuit_n fournier_n hydrograph_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 27._o and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o practice_n physic_n in_o the_o east-indies_n that_o he_o gather_v white_a coral_n divers_a time_n on_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o island_n mehila_n not_o far_o from_o that_o of_o madagascar_n which_o be_v usual_o as_o soft_a as_o a_o onion_n and_o be_v observe_v to_o decay_v if_o it_o be_v not_o gather_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n agreeable_a to_o which_o piso_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 68_o make_v mention_n of_o several_a stony_a tree_n on_o the_o brasilian_n coast_n say_v e_z fundo_fw-la erutae_fw-la mox_fw-la durissimae_fw-la si_fw-la insolentur_fw-la in_o littore_fw-la siccae_fw-la niveique_fw-la coloris_fw-la fiunt_fw-la which_o may_v be_v favour_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n of_o scaliger_n exit_fw-la bovillis_fw-la oppidanus_fw-la adjutus_fw-la medicamentis_fw-la eminxit_fw-la vitrum_fw-la 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those_o noble_a faculty_n viz._n it_o be_v attract_v and_o direct_v virtue_n proper_o belong_v to_o magnetical_a body_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v in_o metal_n a_o motion_n though_o not_o discernible_a be_v further_a evident_a in_o a_o bell_n which_o a_o long_a time_n after_o it_o have_v be_v strike_v with_o the_o clapper_n continue_v to_o put_v the_o air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n and_o thereby_o to_o cause_v very_o odd_a sound_n which_o must_v be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o partieles_n of_o that_o bell_n be_v in_o a_o very_a nimble_a agitation_n otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o communicate_v motion_n to_o the_o circumambient_a air_n and_o thereby_o cause_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o ear._n but_o i_o must_v confess_v there_o be_v two_o difficulty_n answer_v objection_n answer_v which_o occur_v to_o what_o i_o have_v be_v offer_v as_o first_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v how_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o such_o solid_a body_n shall_v be_v work_v upon_o by_o agent_n so_o weak_a as_o the_o air_n and_o especial_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n more_o minute_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o it_o and_o second_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o any_o part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v move_v so_o slow_a if_o at_o all_o as_o to_o be_v so_o long_o in_o move_v from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o a_o needle_n to_o the_o superficies_n as_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o those_o external_n part_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o these_o motion_n but_o only_a assistant_n to_o the_o principal_a which_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v late_o be_v note_v concern_v the_o connate_a disposition_n to_o motion_n attribute_v to_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o epicurean_a and_o cartesian_a philosophy_n and_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o loadstone_n upon_o the_o needle_n we_o may_v be_v teach_v to_o guess_v what_o
the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o divers_a who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o the_o wave_n be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a yet_o at_o fifteen_o fathom_v deep_a the_o water_n be_v very_o little_o disturb_v only_o the_o mud_n be_v raise_v which_o make_v the_o water_n dark_a and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o person_n that_o dive_v inform_v i_o that_o have_v stay_v a_o considerable_a depth_n for_o some_o time_n he_o find_v when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o a_o tempestuous_a storm_n which_o have_v rise_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o water_n without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o he_o below_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o manar_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o they_o dive_v for_o coral_n in_o a_o sea_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la which_o be_v usual_o very_o much_o disturb_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n
i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n who_o make_v his_o observation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n that_o have_v let_v down_o his_o plummet_n about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v that_o the_o plummet_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o stand_a water_n make_v the_o boat_n turn_v to_o the_o tide_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o stagnation_n of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v likewise_o confirm_v to_o i_o by_o observation_n make_v near_o the_o coral_n fishery_n in_o the_o east-indies_n chap._n vi_o further_a relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n but_o also_o promote_v vegetation_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v but_o since_o several_a tree_n and_o plant_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v further_o observe_v what_o information_n i_o have_v receive_v concern_v they_o coral_n observation_n relate_v to_o coral_n and_o first_o to_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v the_o growth_n of_o coral_n under_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o see_v it_o near_o algiers_n that_o coral_n when_o first_o take_v up_o be_v not_o only_o soft_a and_o flexible_a but_o very_o pale_a yet_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o and_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v natural_a redness_n present_o appear_v to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v break_v several_a piece_n he_o find_v it_o much_o pale_a within_o than_o on_o the_o outside_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a black_a knob_n on_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o twig_n the_o place_n from_o whence_o this_o coral_n be_v take_v be_v about_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a and_o i_o have_v be_v further_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o the_o east-indies_n that_o upon_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o coral_n he_o have_v observe_v certain_a round_a berry_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n water_n tree_n under_o water_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o observe_v tree_n to_o grow_v under_o water_n near_a manar_n which_o bear_v leave_n like_o those_o of_o a_o laurel_n but_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o mosambique_n in_o africa_n several_a tree_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n who_o fruit_n and_o leave_n be_v like_o those_o of_o the_o tree_n in_o america_n which_o bear_v a_o fruit_n call_v acayu_n but_o a_o observation_n more_o valuable_a be_v concern_v the_o maldavian_a nut_n call_v coco_n which_o by_o experience_a divers_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o grow_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o gather_v by_o the_o divers_a or_o tear_v off_o by_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o fruit_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o it_o be_v under_o water_n it_o be_v very_o soft_a but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v a_o considerable_a time_n to_o the_o air_n it_o become_v very_o hard_o chap._n vii_o observation_n and_o experiment_n about_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea._n peripatetic_n the_o invalidity_n of_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o several_a peripatetic_n have_v be_v judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o water_n but_o with_o what_o little_a reason_n may_v easy_o appear_v from_o those_o stand_a lake_n and_o pond_n who_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n continue_v fresh_a and_o that_o it_o neither_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o any_o other_o external_a heat_n may_v be_v argue_v since_o though_o some_o fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v off_o by_o distillation_n and_o consequent_o undergo_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o do_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n it_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o salt_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o water_n never_o expose_v to_o such_o heat_n which_o salt_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o sea_n salt_n only_o that_o it_o be_v white_a be_v more_o clear_a of_o its_o faeces_fw-la and_o free_a from_o a_o mixture_n of_o earthy_a part_n and_o though_o some_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o aristotle_n doctrine_n that_o scaliger_n affirm_v the_o sea_n water_n to_o be_v salt_a in_o its_o upper_a region_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o bottom_n that_o the_o observation_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o do_v not_o general_o hold_v neither_o will_v it_o favour_v his_o doctrine_n shall_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n otherwise_o than_o common_a salt_n christalize_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o evaporate_v solution_n for_o consider_v how_o much_o salt_n water_n must_v be_v impregnate_v with_o and_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o sea_n water_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o dutch_a geographer_n to_o be_v only_o as_o one_o to_o forty_o water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o water_n it_o be_v disposition_n to_o crystalize_v can_v be_v no_o argument_n of_o the_o swim_n of_o sea-salt_n more_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o other_o region_n but_o though_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n from_o the_o peripatetic_a philosopher_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v on_o the_o contrary_a with_o some_o that_o the_o gravity_n of_o salt_n make_v they_o sink_v the_o more_o to_o the_o bottom_n since_o the_o intestine_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n continual_o shift_v place_n must_v consequent_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o which_o consideration_n join_v with_o another_o which_o be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o usual_o observe_v metalline_a tincture_n strong_a at_o the_o top_n than_o bottom_n may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o suspicion_n to_o some_o that_o the_o present_a argument_n be_v less_o cogent_a notwithstanding_o the_o specific_a gravity_n betwixt_o metal_n and_o their_o menstruum_n do_v much_o exceed_v that_o betwixt_o salt_n and_o water_n but_o further_a in_o behalf_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o linscotten_a that_o at_z goa_n in_o portugal_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o their_o slave_n to_o dive_v and_o fetch_v fresh_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o though_o this_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a yet_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v draw_v thence_o because_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v contrary_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o guess_v that_o sea_n spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v it_o true_a that_o fresh_a water_n may_v rise_v by_o certain_a spring_n cover_v over_o with_o sea_n water_n as_o well_o as_o that_o several_a spring_n in_o other_o place_n shall_v be_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o spring_n be_v so_o far_o probable_a that_o the_o curious_a hungarian_a governor_n de_fw-fr admirandis_fw-la hungariae_fw-la aquis_fw-la say_v that_o in_o the_o river_n vagus_fw-la near_o the_o fortress_n galgotium_n vein_n of_o hot_a water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o water_n his_o word_n be_v these_o neque_fw-la in_o ripa_n tantum_fw-la eruuntur_fw-la calidae_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la intra_fw-la amnem_fw-la si_fw-la fundum_fw-la ejus_fw-la pedibus_fw-la suffodias_fw-la calent_fw-la autem_fw-la immodicè_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o neapolitan_a coast_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v these_o relation_n i_o shall_v intimate_v brief_o that_o a_o ingenious_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o who_o live_v in_o that_o city_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o that_o fresh_a water_n be_v not_o fetch_v so_o deep_a as_o to_o be_v suspect_v to_o rise_v from_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o the_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o a_o river_n not_o far_o off_o before_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o conjecture_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o near_a mouth_n of_o river_n it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o fresh_a water_n have_v for_o some_o time_n float_v together_o without_o be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o other_o stream_n and_o as_o for_o scaliger_n opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o it_o that_o by_o a_o vessel_n so_o artificial_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v open_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o take_v in_o water_n the_o water_n draw_v up_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v salt_n but_o since_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o this_o that_o the_o salt_n water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a as_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o may_v be_v
mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o salt_n water_n sea_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea_n water_n i_o deny_v not_o what_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o modern_n teach_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o saltness_n proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o that_o saltness_n be_v not_o only_o supply_v by_o those_o salt_n rock_n which_o may_v be_v contiguous_a to_o or_o near_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v by_o salt_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v into_o it_o by_o spring_n and_o rain-water_n which_o float_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n because_o several_a chemist_n have_v not_o only_o find_v salt_n in_o some_o water_n but_o have_v obtain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n upon_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a
into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o expansion_n as_o before_o but_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o subside_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o which_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o those_o bubble_n which_o ascend_v last_o be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a either_o because_o their_o part_n be_v more_o expanded_a than_o before_o or_o because_o more_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v unite_v together_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o we_o observe_v that_o they_o ascend_v much_o slow_a than_o before_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o bubble_n be_v usual_o wont_a to_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n encompass_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n yet_o in_o this_o tube_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n another_o observation_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o whereas_o those_o bubble_n which_o rise_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o operation_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o they_o pass_v through_o in_o their_o ascent_n these_o latter_a expanded_a bubble_n fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o their_o passage_n raise_v the_o water_n before_o they_o till_o the_o air_n be_v again_o permit_v to_o re-enter_v the_o receiver_n and_o then_o they_o whole_o disappear_v from_o which_o observation_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v infer_v first_o body_n under_o water_n may_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o incumbent_a water_n second_o it_o can_v be_v hence_o infer_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o it_o since_o it_o may_v more_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o from_o any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n prove_v the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o water_n aerial_a prove_v but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n whether_o the_o aforesaid_a bubble_n be_v water_n or_o not_o we_o try_v the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o water_n subside_v upon_o which_o several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n half_o a_o inch_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o air_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o we_o be_v further_o persuade_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v aerial_a because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v without_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n as_o water_v expose_v to_o air_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la usual_o have_v but_o rather_o more_o protuberant_a and_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v real_o make_v up_o of_o aerial_a particle_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v near_o as_o low_a as_o the_o external_a water_n by_o apply_v water_n to_o the_o tube_n which_o contain_v the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n several_a inch_n below_o the_o external_n water_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v before_o expanded_a to_o near_o a_o hundred_o time_n its_o extent_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v further_o expanded_a by_o heat_n but_o i_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o bubble_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n because_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o subside_v water_n yield_v not_o bubble_n as_o before_o except_o a_o few_o small_a one_o when_o it_o be_v near_o pump_v out_o and_o what_o i_o take_v for_o a_o strong_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o mercury_n several_a bubble_n likewise_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o second_o time_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n descend_v low_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o body_n pore_n the_o expansion_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o its_o pore_n more_o ponderous_a than_o water_n may_v contain_v aerial_a particle_n in_o its_o pore_n capable_a of_o expand_v themselves_o when_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o compression_n be_v take_v away_o so_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o in_o these_o experiment_n but_o also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
expose_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o put_v a_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o well_o stop_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n find_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o another_o which_o be_v not_o so_o close_o stop_v be_v put_v in_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o several_a bubble_n present_o appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n from_o which_o trial_n it_o appear_v that_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v include_v the_o water_n appear_v as_o if_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a prosecution_n of_o our_o design_n in_o this_o experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o by_o turn_v the_o glass-stopper_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n we_o so_o screw_v up_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o break_v it_o and_o thereby_o make_v way_n for_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o a_o number_n of_o bubble_n present_o rise_v in_o the_o water_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n invert_v but_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v with_o less_o trouble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o little_a receiver_n where_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v more_o expeditious_a in_o one_o of_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o red_a wine_n instead_o of_o water_n it_o appear_v immediate_o frothy_a like_a bottle-ale_n though_o open_v less_o cautious_o experiment_n xxix_o vapour_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n to_o show_v whether_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n be_v rather_o promote_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o air_n than_o that_o their_o ascent_n depend_v on_o their_o own_o positive_a lightness_n i_o convey_v a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v for_o other_o purpose_n into_o our_o receiver_n it_o consist_v of_o metalline_a ingredient_n which_o upon_o unstop_v of_o the_o bottle_n will_v emit_v copious_a steam_n like_o the_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n but_o upon_o stop_v of_o it_o again_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bottle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o liquor_n become_v transparent_a and_o this_o liquor_n be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n with_o a_o weight_n affix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v up_o when_o the_o cork_n be_v pull_v out_o we_o tie_v a_o string_n to_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o and_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n we_o screw_v the_o cork_n out_o of_o the_o bottle_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o some_o part_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n raise_v a_o few_o yet_o the_o fume_n do_v not_o rise_v as_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n but_o lift_v up_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o agitation_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o no_o high_a but_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o stream_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o phaenomenon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bottle_n be_v take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n fume_n plentiful_o rise_v as_o before_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o steam_n in_o a_o medium_fw-la thin_a than_o themselves_o may_v tend_v downward_o experiment_n xxx_o smoak_n the_o nature_n of_o fluid_a body_n illustrate_v by_o smoak_n to_o show_v how_o much_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n emulate_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n we_o enclose_v a_o light_a match_n in_o our_o little_a receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o smoke_n we_o take_v the_o match_n out_o leave_v the_o smoke_n behind_o close_v the_o receiver_n again_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fly_v away_o upon_o which_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o smoke_n settle_v itself_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o receiver_n so_o far_o emulate_v a_o fluid_a as_o to_o change_v its_o horizontal_a superficies_n as_o the_o glass_n be_v various_o incline_v as_o also_o upon_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o vibrate_n and_o undulate_v motion_n as_o liquids_n usual_o be_v which_o it_o lose_v again_o by_o degree_n when_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v part_v of_o it_o will_v flow_v out_o like_o red_a wine_n out_o of_o a_o bottle_n when_o the_o neck_n be_v invert_v and_o immerse_v in_o water_n the_o air_n gradual_o ascend_v into_o the_o receiver_n in_o its_o room_n beside_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o a_o hot_a iron_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o smoke_n be_v present_o raise_v in_o a_o stream_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n keep_v distinct_a superficies_n from_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n yet_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o recess_n of_o that_o heat_n it_o will_v again_o subside_o and_o these_o thing_n be_v consider_v as_o likewise_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o proportionable_a quantity_n as_o to_o extension_n of_o other_o liquor_n it_o may_v not_o be_v absurd_a to_o mention_v the_o atmosphere_n among_o other_o liquid_n especial_o since_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o we_o may_v rational_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v several_a inequality_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o smoke_n since_o the_o inequality_n of_o its_o upper_a superficies_n be_v not_o altogether_o indiscernible_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o setting-sun_n with_o a_o good_a telescope_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n we_o may_v perceive_v the_o surface_n of_o it_o rough_a with_o several_a inequality_n which_o curl_n along_o like_a wave_n in_o the_o sea_n experiment_n xxxi_o body_n concern_v the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n to_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n when_o rarify_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o exsuction_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o try_v a_o experiment_n former_o more_o full_o take_v notice_n of_o with_o two_o flat_a polish_a marble_n for_o have_v fasten_v a_o weight_n of_o about_o four_o ounce_n to_o the_o low_a and_o wet_v the_o flat_a superficies_n of_o they_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o we_o put_v they_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n after_o several_a exsuction_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v up_o the_o under-stone_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o how_o strong_a the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n may_v be_v we_o have_v a_o notable_a instance_n relate_v p._n nic._n zucchius_n apud_fw-la schot_n part._n 1._o mec._n hydraulopneum_fw-la who_o say_v juveni_fw-la lacertorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la robur_fw-la jactanti_fw-la proposita_fw-la semel_fw-la est_fw-la laminea_fw-la aerea_fw-la per_fw-la ansam_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la extantem_fw-la apprehensam_fw-la elevanda_fw-la è_fw-la tabula_fw-la marmorea_fw-la cvi_fw-la optimè_fw-la congruebat_fw-la tum_o instantibus_fw-la amiciss_fw-la manum_fw-la utramque_fw-la admovens_fw-la cum_fw-la luctatus_fw-la diu_fw-la harentem_fw-la removisset_fw-la excusavit_fw-la impotentiam_fw-la objecta_fw-la peregrini_fw-la &_o potentissimi_fw-la glutinis_fw-la interpositione_n quo_fw-la fortissimè_fw-la copulante_fw-la nequiret_fw-la divelli_fw-la donec_fw-la vidit_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la per_fw-la tabulam_fw-la facillimè_fw-la laminam_fw-la deduci_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la extrema_fw-la productam_fw-la &_o actam_fw-la in_o transversum_fw-la inde_fw-la deportari_fw-la but_o to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o two_o body_n may_v stick_v together_o by_o have_v their_o surface_n contiguous_a only_o in_o a_o small_a compass_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o experiment_n make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxxii_o stop-cock_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n on_o a_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o external_n orifice_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n have_v exhaust_v our_o receiver_n and_o take_v it_o off_o the_o pump_n we_o apply_v a_o taper_a valve_n of_o brass_n such_o as_o the_o nine_o figure_n represent_v the_o taper_n end_v be_v put_v into_o the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o the_o chink_n betwixt_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o diachylon_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o door_n of_o that_o valve_n be_v fix_v a_o button_n to_o which_o a_o scale_n be_v hang_v to_o hold_v weight_n in_o and_o then_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v the_o atmosphere_n make_v such_o a_o strong_a pressure_n to_o get_v in_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o valve_n close_o to_o the_o orifice_n till_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v overpower_v it_o be_v present_o draw_v down_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o
be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v but_o moderate_o exhaust_v and_o though_o it_o leak_v considerable_o yet_o the_o weight_n support_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o its_o pressure_n shall_v be_v so_o considerable_a if_o we_o do_v but_o think_v how_o large_a the_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o recoil_v from_o the_o ground_n press_v against_o it_o be_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xxxiii_o concern_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n what_o weight_n will_v draw_v it_o down_o and_o how_o much_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o suction_n etc._n etc._n consider_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n consider_v to_o compute_v more_o exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n we_o impel_v the_o cylinder_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pump_n take_v off_o the_o receiver_n and_o fix_v just_o such_o a_o weight_n to_o one_o of_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o sucker_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o sucker_n impel_v up_o again_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v exact_o stop_v and_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o iron-sucker_n by_o cast_v in_o so_o many_o weight_n as_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n we_o be_v true_o inform_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o equal_a diameter_n with_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_n by_o which_o method_n we_o find_v that_o the_o sucker_n which_o require_v 28_o pound_n of_o lead_n to_o draw_v it_o down_o be_v not_o draw_v down_o with_o less_o than_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v stop_v though_o upon_o turn_v of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o let_v in_o air_n it_o will_v ready_o fall_v without_o that_o weight_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o descent_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o buoy_v up_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sucker_n sucker_n what_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v suspend_v at_o the_o sucker_n this_o experiment_n be_v try_v and_o the_o sucker_n be_v forcible_o draw_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o sucker_n which_o be_v not_o a_o little_a admire_v by_o the_o stander-by_n because_o they_o see_v no_o force_n use_v to_o lift_v it_o up_o and_o though_o by_o such_o trial_n we_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n yet_o as_o a_o famous_a poet_n say_v est_fw-fr quoddam_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la ultra_fw-la but_o be_v this_o experiment_n try_v at_o several_a season_n in_o the_o year_n and_o in_o several_a clime_n as_o well_o as_o in_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n it_o may_v render_v our_o guess_n more_o certain_a as_o to_o the_o height_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o whether_o it_o vary_v considerable_o at_o such_o distant_a time_n for_o the_o place_n where_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n be_v try_v be_v about_o 51_o degree_n latitude_n be_v try_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o about_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o not_o to_o spend_v so_o much_o time_n as_o will_v be_v take_v up_o with_o all_o the_o reflection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n i_o shall_v consider_v some_o few_o inference_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o and_o first_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o weight_n fix_v to_o it_o we_o may_v call_v in_o question_n what_o some_o teach_v concern_v suction_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o endeavour_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v in_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v say_v to_o suck_v for_o though_o when_o we_o suck_v a_o thing_n with_o our_o mouth_n there_o be_v a_o manifest_a endeavour_n of_o our_o mouth_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v yet_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o so_o dispose_v by_o any_o endeavour_n in_o the_o glass-tube_n nor_o can_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v attribute_v to_o any_o suck_a force_n of_o every_o part_n include_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n since_o it_o appear_v not_o how_o such_o airy_a particle_n shall_v be_v hook_a in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o sucker_n or_o how_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v such_o a_o weight_n nay_o that_o those_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v not_o draw_v it_o up_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o by_o admit_v more_o air_n in_o that_o supposititious_a suck_a quality_n be_v diminish_v and_o not_o increase_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o endeavour_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n though_o a_o little_a more_o air_n be_v let_v in_o as_o there_o be_v before_o since_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o vacuity_n nor_o can_v the_o weaken_a attraction_n upon_o let_v in_o of_o air_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o vacuity_n but_o rather_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n since_o when_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o weight_n be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n when_o void_a of_o air._n vacuum_n consideration_n concern_v a_o vacuum_n but_o to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o further_o we_o may_v be_v direct_v what_o to_o think_v of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o have_v be_v so_o long_o hold_v as_o a_o axiom_n in_o the_o school_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v neither_o have_v sense_n to_o perceive_v any_o ill_a consequence_n in_o the_o universe_n which_o will_v ensue_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o know_v how_o as_o intelligent_a part_n of_o matter_n to_o prevent_v it_o for_o if_o they_o do_v nature_n may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o great_a many_o case_n to_o act_v very_o irrational_o to_o effect_v her_o design_n since_o in_o the_o xxxii_o d_o experiment_n instead_o of_o rush_v into_o the_o receiver_n she_o less_o cautious_o raise_v up_o the_o valve_n and_o keep_v herself_o out_o but_o i_o say_v beside_o the_o insensibility_n of_o matter_n it_o may_v far_o be_v urge_v against_o that_o axiom_n that_o the_o endeavour_n which_o those_o body_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v rather_o be_v to_o fill_v than_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n since_o upon_o the_o draw_v down_o of_o that_o valve_n the_o air_n which_o rush_v in_o can_v not_o prevent_v what_o be_v already_o in_o be_v beside_o in_o our_o xixth_z experiment_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o the_o water_n which_o descend_v into_o the_o tube_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o rather_o keep_v its_o place_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o why_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v before_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air._n moreover_o the_o air_n may_v rather_o be_v say_v to_o rush_v in_o again_o as_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o neighbour_a air_n than_o a_o design_n to_o fill_v the_o vacuity_n since_o from_o our_o xviith_z experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o sucker_n find_v the_o spring_n of_o subsequent_a air_n impel_v by_o it_o still_o force_v more_o into_o it_o and_o even_o in_o windgun_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o air_n compress_v as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o receiver_n may_v be_v squeeze_v into_o half_a the_o room_n and_o from_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n it_o may_v further_o be_v deduce_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o metaphorical_o speak_v body_n may_v seem_v to_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n to_o shun_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n or_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a air_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o press_v down_o or_o buoy_v up_o one_o another_o for_o from_o our_o nineteenth_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v away_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o subside_o though_o it_o leave_v no_o air_n behind_o it_o but_o further_a from_o this_o
last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o
bubble_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n bring_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v again_o lose_v upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o it_o so_o that_o have_v the_o air_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bubble_n may_v probable_o have_v weigh_v a_o whole_a grain_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v real_o depress_v the_o balance_n to_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v fix_v we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n when_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v open_a and_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n in_o the_o least_o to_o preponderate_v but_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n be_v equal_o poise_v with_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n manifest_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n though_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o be_v considerable_o expanded_a when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n air._n the_o penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n but_o once_o have_v cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v ply_v long_o than_o ordinary_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n bubble_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o cause_v the_o side_n of_o it_o to_o fly_v in_o piece_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o be_v too_o fine_a to_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o they_o and_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n of_o the_o imperviousness_n of_o glass_n even_o by_o so_o minute_n particle_n as_o those_o of_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o ever_o make_v i_o but_o once_o find_v that_o a_o spirit_n who_o part_n be_v much_o more_o subtle_a and_o volatile_a than_o air_n i_o say_v i_o but_o once_o find_v that_o a_o spirit_n draw_v from_o a_o substance_n abound_v with_o volatile_a salt_n and_o subtle_a spirit_n make_v way_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o receiver_n which_o unusual_a phenomenon_n probable_o depend_v on_o the_o brisk_a agitation_n of_o those_o spirituous_a part_n increase_v by_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a heat_n with_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o receiver_n and_o almost_o burst_v it_o with_o their_o impetuous_a steam_n so_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v open_v with_o the_o violent_a heat_n several_a of_o they_o penetrate_v those_o pore_n and_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n other_o why_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v more_o indispose_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n than_o other_o but_o though_o by_o some_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v glass_n yet_o by_o other_o they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v grosser_n than_o water_n since_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o penetrate_a body_n and_o of_o be_v compress_v into_o their_o pore_n which_o air_n be_v not_o for_o have_v convey_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n who_o orifice_n be_v as_o small_a as_o a_o pin_n that_o air_n be_v incapable_a of_o pass_v through_o so_o small_a a_o poor_a keep_v the_o water_n above_o it_o suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o bubble_n by_o blow_v into_o the_o wide_a orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v and_o squeeze_v out_o water_n pass_v through_o that_o small_a orifice_n without_o any_o other_o force_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o inability_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o such_o pore_n which_o water_n will_v ready_o enough_o will_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o hold_v water_n in_o a_o tube_n the_o low_a end_n of_o which_o be_v very_o narrow_a and_o perforate_v with_o a_o poor_a no_o long_o than_o a_o hair_n for_o the_o water_n will_v ready_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n 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aliment_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o as_o these_o instance_n show_v how_o unfit_a a_o air_n too_o gross_a be_v for_o respiration_n so_o that_o a_o air_n too_o thin_a be_v likewise_o prejudicial_a appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n already_o try_v in_o our_o receiver_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o our_o atmosphere_n he_o will_v die_v for_o want_v of_o breath_n in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o go_v up_o a_o high_a mountain_n in_o peru_n call_v pariacaca_fw-la which_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o alps_o as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v only_o as_o high_a tower_n he_o and_o his_o companion_n be_v take_v with_o excessive_a vomit_v together_o with_o blood_n which_o last_v till_o he_o come_v to_o a_o region_n more_o convenient_a for_o respiration_n and_o he_o likewise_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o the_o element_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a there_o that_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a for_o a_o man_n to_o breathe_v in_o the_o action_n of_o respiration_n require_v a_o grosser_n and_o more_o temperate_a air._n but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o respiration_n in_o carry_v off_o the_o recrement_n of_o the_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o those_o recrement_n shall_v so_o soon_o kill_v a_o animal_n as_o to_o cause_v bird_n enclose_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o die_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n for_o want_v of_o be_v carry_v off_o and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o account_v for_o such_o effect_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o paracelsus_n that_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o geneneration_n of_o a_o vital_a spirit_n since_o the_o interruption_n of_o its_o generation_n for_o so_o small_a a_o time_n can_v scarce_o be_v fatal_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o cornelius_n drebellus_fw-la make_v a_o boat_n for_o the_o learned_a king_n james_n which_o will_v swim_v under_o water_n in_o which_o to_o make_v the_o air_n include_v fit_a for_o respiration_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o open_v a_o vessel_n which_o contain_v a_o liquor_n which_o add_v such_o a_o vital_a spirit_n to_o the_o air_n as_o purge_v it_o of_o the_o grosser_n exhalation_n and_o condense_v they_o wherefore_o i_o be_o the_o more_o favourable_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o air_n may_v conduce_v to_o the_o preserurtion_n of_o vital_a spirit_n and_o that_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n as_o air_n to_o flame_n for_o have_v convey_v rectfy_v spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o no_o more_o than_o the_o vital_a flame_n of_o a_o animal_n if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o thing_n we_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissect_v a_o bitch_n and_o take_v out_o one_o of_o the_o whelp_n though_o we_o open_v his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o thorax_n and_o divide_v the_o diaphragm_n yet_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breathe_v his_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v above_o six_o hour_n whereas_o three_o more_o which_o be_v involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v all_o dead_a though_o they_o be_v neither_o wound_v nor_o have_v ever_o breathe_v how_o far_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o problem_n propose_v by_o dr._n harvey_n viz._n why_o a_o foetus_fw-la may_v live_v long_o before_o it_o have_v breathe_v if_o involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n than_o if_o when_o it_o have_v once_o respire_v respiration_n be_v stop_v we_o leave_v other_o to_o judge_v whether_o fish_n breathe_v or_o not_o under_o water_n especial_o those_o that_o want_v lung_n i_o can_v now_o determine_v but_o that_o air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v evince_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o fish_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o bottle_n which_o be_v close_o stop_v from_o the_o air_n or_o if_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n they_o present_o die_v and_o indeed_o consider_v how_o many_o particle_n of_o air_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o it_o pass_v through_o their_o gills_o or_o some_o other_o way_n and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o have_v put_v a_o large_a eel_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o exhaust_v the_o air_n she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o receiver_n be_v unstop_v and_o the_o fish_n take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n satisfy_v we_o of_o her_o recovery_n by_o very_o brisk_a and_o vivid_v motion_n but_o what_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o be_v admire_v have_v put_v a_o grey_a snail_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o but_o whence_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o now_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v any_o further_a whether_o the_o paradox_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o child_n respire_v in_o the_o womb_n only_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o fabulous_a that_o the_o foetus_fw-la have_v sometime_o be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o womb_n and_o chicken_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o pip_n in_o the_o eggshell_n before_o it_o be_v break_v which_o may_v be_v argument_n of_o a_o obscure_a respiration_n except_o it_o can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o such_o sound_n may_v arise_v from_o halituous_a vapour_n in_o the_o larynx_n and_o that_o they_o may_v will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a favour_v by_o observe_v what_o audible_a sound_v arise_v from_o the_o halituous_a vapour_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n force_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n hold_v in_o various_a posture_n but_o to_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v though_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o be_v accustom_a to_o want_v it_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o small_a time_n that_o such_o man_n be_v able_a to_o stay_v under_o water_n but_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v convey_v a_o humming-bee_n a_o flesh-f_o and_o a_o palmer-worm_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o minute_n time_n they_o all_o seem_v dead_a but_o present_o recover_v by_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o draw_v out_o they_o appear_v dead_a which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o so_o many_o curiously-contrived_a engine_n except_o those_o of_o man_n who_o wheel_n be_v set_v on_o go_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n agent_n for_o even_o those_o fly_n which_o present_o die_v in_o our_o receiver_n will_v crawl_v about_o even_o when_o their_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unworthy_a our_o observation_n that_o infect_v which_o want_n lung_n be_v no_o less_o sensible_o affect_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n than_o some_o that_o have_v they_o which_o may_v be_v ground_n for_o a_o suspicion_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o at_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o alive_a by_o a_o universal_a perspiration_n but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o digression_n though_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n have_v give_v i_o cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n yet_o since_o i_o believe_v it_o have_v some_o other_o use_v which_o be_v not_o yet_o explain_v i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o that_o say_v of_o st._n augustine_n mallem_fw-la quidem_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la i_o quaesivisti_fw-la habere_fw-la scientiam_fw-la quam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la id_fw-la nondum_fw-la potui_fw-la magis_fw-la eligo_fw-la cautam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la confiteri_fw-la quam_fw-la falsam_fw-la scientiam_fw-la profiteri_fw-la experiemint_n xlii_o receiver_n the_o different_a operation_n of_o corrosive_n in_o and_o without_o our_o receiver_n have_v fill_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o long-neck_n viol._n with_o ten_o sprig_n of_o coral_n and_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n as_o swim_v about_o a_o inch_n over_o they_o we_o place_v it_o in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o there_o appear_v but_o very_o few_o bubble_n yet_o upon_o a_o few_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o rise_v so_o plentiful_o as_o to_o make_v the_o menstruum_fw-la appear_v white_a the_o whole_a continue_v to_o boil_v and_o ferment_n as_o in_o a_o seething-pot_n as_o much_o froth_n stand_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o answer_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o in_o
the_o viol_n yet_o upon_o let_v in_o the_o air_n the_o froth_n present_o disappear_v and_o the_o liquor_n become_v transparent_a again_o and_o these_o phaenomena_n successive_o follow_v each_o other_o no_o less_o than_o five_o time_n as_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o ebullition_n in_o those_o trial_n upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o great_a sometime_o as_o to_o run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o that_o those_o numerous_a bubble_n may_v not_o be_v suspect_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o spirit_n itself_o we_o clear_v it_o of_o those_o before_o the_o coral_n be_v put_v in_o but_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n still_o succeed_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o considerable_a difference_n when_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v with_o powder_n of_o coral_n except_o that_o the_o liquor_n be_v obscure_v by_o several_a part_n of_o it_o carry_v up_o along_o with_o the_o bubble_n but_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o the_o ebullition_n be_v so_o violent_a yet_o the_o viol_n immediate_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n do_v not_o affect_v our_o hand_n with_o the_o least_o sensible_a heat_n experiment_n xliii_o liquor_n of_o the_o spontaneous_a ebullition_n of_o warm_a liquor_n have_v close_v in_o our_o receive_v a_o viol_n of_o four_o ounce_n fill_v with_o hot_a water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o air_n by_o boil_v we_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o four_o exsuction_n it_o begin_v to_o boil_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v over_o a_o hot_a fire_n so_o that_o part_n of_o it_o run_v over_o and_o continue_v boil_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o air_n be_v let_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o ebullition_n be_v again_o renew_v the_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pressure_n have_v more_o liberty_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n we_o may_v guess_v because_o the_o ebullition_n be_v only_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o that_o it_o be_v renew_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n but_o especial_o because_o salad-oil_n who_o part_n adhere_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o clamminess_n will_v not_o ferment_n yet_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n or_o wine_n will_v who_o part_n be_v not_o so_o tenacious_a the_o former_a rise_v five_o time_n its_o height_n and_o near_o four_o part_n of_o the_o latter_a run_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n on_o a_o great_a number_n of_o phaenomena_n than_o man_n usual_o think_v of_o especial_o where_o the_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v concern_v so_o that_o be_v a_o hot_a body_n convey_v above_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o effect_n of_o it_o will_v be_v different_a from_o what_o they_o be_v here_o below_o and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v have_v more_o power_n to_o dissipate_v themselves_o have_v thus_o far_o my_o dear_a lord_n give_v you_o a_o faithful_a historical_a account_n of_o the_o production_n of_o your_o lordship_n command_n if_o they_o may_v invite_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n at_o paris_n to_o a_o further_a prosecution_n of_o what_o discovery_n may_v be_v make_v by_o that_o engine_n i_o hope_v they_o may_v afford_v your_o lordship_n as_o much_o pleasure_n as_o they_o do_v i_o in_o endeavour_v to_o express_v myself_o your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a servant_n etc._n etc._n chap._n fourteen_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n defend_v against_o franciscus_n linus_n this_o chapter_n contain_v the_o honourable_a author_n vindication_n of_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o will_v not_o be_v requisite_a here_o to_o lay_v down_o all_o the_o trivial_a objection_n of_o franciscus_n linus_n which_o be_v easy_o answer_v by_o any_o one_o that_o have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v the_o author_n hypothesis_n and_o will_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n appear_v to_o be_v ill-grounded_a or_o invalid_a argument_n or_o rather_o false_a criticism_n but_o it_o be_v more_o consistent_a with_o the_o design_v epitome_n i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o hypothesis_n already_o lay_v down_o and_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o fill_v a_o epitome_n with_o what_o our_o judicious_a author_n do_v not_o repute_v as_o argument_n against_o his_o doctrine_n and_o especial_o because_o the_o learned_a world_n by_o their_o general_n consent_n have_v agree_v upon_o what_o the_o honourable_a author_n have_v teach_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o only_o those_o objection_n which_o may_v seem_v considerable_a and_o annex_v their_o solution_n answer_v the_o first_o argument_n of_o franciscus_n linus_n answer_v the_o first_o argument_n allege_v by_o franciscus_n linus_n be_v that_o do_v the_o suspension_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n depend_v on_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n when_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fill_v full_a and_o invert_v upon_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o a_o subtraction_n of_o the_o low_a finger_n the_o mercury_n will_v not_o subside_o be_v its_o descent_n not_o promote_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n for_o if_o it_o be_v that_o expansive_a force_n will_v raise_v the_o finger_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o which_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o include_v air_n may_v depress_v the_o mercury_n by_o its_o expansion_n downward_o without_o raise_v the_o finger_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o weak_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o must_v consequent_o press_v downward_o where_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v with_o it_o to_o overbalance_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o before_o buoy_v it_o up_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n dispose_v it_o to_o spend_v its_o expansive_a force_n downward_o appear_v from_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n suspend_v instead_o of_o mercury_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n downward_o equal_o as_o the_o mercury_n the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o press_v it_o down_o near_o so_o far_o and_o though_o the_o objector_n say_v that_o if_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v above_o the_o mercury_n it_o will_v not_o subside_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v only_o because_o the_o water_n want_v a_o springiness_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v down_o into_o the_o tube_n that_o only_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n the_o rarify_v air_n within_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o equal_a resistance_n to_o prevent_v the_o finger_n from_o be_v press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o though_o the_o objector_n further_o urge_v that_o he_o can_v conceive_v how_o the_o air_n can_v be_v so_o expanded_a without_o possess_v a_o great_a space_n we_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v that_o by_o compare_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n to_o a_o piece_n of_o wool_n squeeze_v together_o which_o when_o it_o be_v no_o long_o compress_v dilate_v it_o selt_z by_o virtue_n of_o its_o springy_a part_n objection_n a_o snd_a objection_n the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o long_a pipe_n about_o 40_o inch_n long_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o finger_n be_v take_v from_o the_o low_a orifice_n it_o fall_v down_o till_o it_o come_v to_o its_o usual_a station_n and_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v equal_o depress_v into_o the_o tube_n which_o evince_n that_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la which_o draw_v down_o the_o pulpy_n part_n of_o the_o finger_n but_o what_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o objection_n answer_v appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o the_o former_a for_o the_o mercury_n subside_v till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v and_o unable_a to_o buoy_v up_o against_o the_o finger_n the_o depression_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n though_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o pulp_n in_o the_o pipe_n may_v
subtilis_fw-la and_o justle_a against_o each_o other_o take_v up_o 1000_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o these_o part_n be_v thus_o agitate_a whatever_n gunpowder_n they_o fall_v upon_o they_o present_o shatter_v its_o part_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o globuli_fw-la secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o place_n which_o contain_v the_o gunpowder_n and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v impetuous_o move_v in_o that_o they_o not_o only_o burst_v the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o but_o drive_v every_o thing_n out_o of_o its_o place_n which_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v they_o chap._n xxii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n not_o to_o mention_v all_o those_o absurdity_n which_o mr._n boyle_n have_v show_v in_o the_o author_n explanation_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n 5._o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 5._o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o explanation_n mr._n boil_v himself_o give_v of_o it_o for_o mr._n boyle_n conceive_v no_o such_o difficulty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o author_n will_v represent_v say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o contain_v any_o obscurity_n in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a for_o if_o the_o wheel_n a_o b_o c_o d._n be_v move_v in_o a_o direct_a motion_n from_o a_o i_o c._n to_o k_o l_o m._n each_o of_o the_o point_v a_o e_o i_o g_o c._n will_v either_o on_o a_o plain_a or_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o pass_v through_o form_n so_o many_o parallel_a line_n to_o i_o l._n but_o if_o instead_o of_o that_o direct_a progressive_a motion_n it_o have_v a_o circulation_n each_o point_n in_o one_o revolution_n whilst_o move_v from_o g_z to_z l._n will_v form_v a_o cyclorid_n beside_o each_o point_n of_o the_o circle_n acquire_v various_a degree_n of_o celerity_n in_o its_o progression_n by_o this_o complex_fw-la motion_n according_a to_o its_o various_a position_n to_o a_o point_n which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o progressive_a for_o as_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la so_o be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o progressive_a motion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o point_n from_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o line_n of_o progression_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o circle_n describe_v on_o that_o distance_n as_o radius_fw-la and_o therefore_o each_o point_n of_o the_o small_a circle_n when_o it_o touch_v the_o perpendicular_a will_v in_o respect_n of_o its_o progressive_a motion_n stand_v still_o this_o point_n therefore_o will_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la motion_n aristotelica_n our_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n but_o since_o it_o may_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o rota_n aristotelica_n if_o we_o only_o consider_v those_o point_n which_o pass_v across_o the_o perpendicular_a we_o shall_v suppose_v in_o our_o example_n that_o a_o be_v the_o centre_n or_o immovable_a point_n and_o then_o the_o circumference_n a_o b_o c_o d_o will_n be_v equal_a to_o i_o l_o or_o a_o k_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n and_o since_o the_o point_n i_o have_v only_o one_o motion_n viz._n that_o of_o lation_n the_o point_n c_o which_o have_v two_o motion_n must_v have_v double_a the_o velocity_n of_o i_o and_o the_o point_n f_o have_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o lation_n with_o i_o and_o put_v half_a the_o distance_n of_o c_o from_o the_o centre_n i_o it_o must_v have_v one_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o a_o half_a and_o further_o the_o point_n e_o have_v the_o same_o progressive_a motion_n with_o i_o and_o be_v move_v backward_o with_o half_a the_o velocity_n lose_v half_o the_o progressive_a motion_n forward_o and_o the_o point_v a_o be_v by_o its_o progression_n move_v forward_o with_o a_o equal_a velocity_n with_o i_o and_o by_o its_o rotation_n the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o being_n equal_v to_o the_o line_n i_o l_o be_v carry_v back_o with_o equal_a celerity_n must_v necessary_o stand_v still_o as_o to_o the_o progressive_a motion_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o point_v a_o be_v at_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o two_o opposite_a motion_n only_o touch_v a_o point_n of_o the_o line_n a_o k_o without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o the_o point_n e_o move_v forward_o as_o fast_v again_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v backward_o by_o its_o rotation_n and_o consequent_o move_v half_a as_o fast_o as_o the_o point_n i_o not_o only_o touch_v the_o line_n e_o k_n but_o be_v move_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o progressive_a motion_n half_o as_o quick_a as_o that_o of_o ay_o it_o will_v consequent_o follow_v that_o each_o point_n in_o e_z must_v make_v a_o small_a line_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a e_z c_z so_o that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o contact_n and_o the_o progression_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v perform_v by_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o point_n in_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o instant_n the_o difficulty_n represent_v by_o our_o author_n be_v explain_v it_o be_v take_v off_o all_o that_o he_o say_v come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o in_o such_o a_o determinate_a moment_n or_o minute_n space_n of_o time_n such_o a_o determirate_n minute_n corpuscle_n will_v successive_o pass_v over_o such_o a_o determinate_a space_n or_o length_n chap._n xxiii_o a_o abstract_n of_o what_o be_v further_o contain_v relate_v to_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o dialogus_fw-la physicus_fw-la in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o absurdity_n the_o author_n have_v show_v mr._n hobbs_n guilty_a of_o but_o shall_v only_o extract_v what_o may_v tend_v to_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weight_n and_o spring_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n in_o a_o water_a pot_n be_v prevent_v from_o descend_v through_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o make_v a_o strong_a resistance_n than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o such_o a_o length_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v it_o must_v consequent_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o water_a pot_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n where_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weaken_a by_o extract_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v able_a to_o outbalance_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n it_o begin_v to_o subside_o chap_n xxiv_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n assert_v the_o author_n have_v prove_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n and_o a_o glass_n bubble_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o air_n be_v gravity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n before_o and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n all_o that_o mr._n hobbs_n object_n relate_v to_o the_o bladder_n weigh_v in_o the_o receiver_n only_o intimate_v that_o the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n the_o weight_n proceed_v from_o atom_n which_o swim_v in_o that_o air_n or_o the_o haltius_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bladder_n along_o with_o the_o air_n but_o since_o this_o deny_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o question_n the_o cause_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o what_o we_o aim_v at_o to_o prove_v that_o air_n do_v gravitate_fw-la though_o the_o cause_n of_o gravitation_n be_v not_o know_v prove_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n prove_v as_o to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n wave_v what_o trivial_a objection_n mr._n hobbs_n make_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v it_o the_o first_o be_v that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o lift_v the_o low_a end_n above_o the_o basis_n it_o rest_v on_o before_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o finger_n can_v discern_v no_o gravitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n but_o if_o it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o external_n air_n let_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o before_o do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o
the_o finger_n will_v be_v so_o depress_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o weigh_v considerable_o upon_o it_o and_o if_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v unstop_v in_o the_o restagnant_fw-la mercury_n the_o include_v air_n will_v depress_v that_o in_o the_o tube_n below_o its_o former_a station_n and_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o tube_n not_o so_o long_o and_o both_o end_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o uppermost_a the_o low_a will_v perceive_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o before_o depress_v the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n so_o that_o this_o experiment_n prove_v both_o the_o spring_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o air._n the_o other_o experiment_n be_v the_o four_o in_o the_o epistle_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o bladder_n suspend_v in_o the_o receiver_n subside_v or_o swell_v as_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v that_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o bladder_n be_v effect_v by_o the_o air_n per_fw-la vim_o incussus_fw-la which_o get_v into_o the_o bladder_n press_v against_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o it_o in_o their_o circular_a motion_n yet_o since_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o bladder_n be_v impervious_a to_o air_n to_o deny_v that_o the_o ingress_n of_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o his_o explanation_n but_o further_a be_v the_o bladder_n so_o pervious_a to_o air_n it_o may_v as_o ready_o get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n as_o in_o without_o break_v it_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explicate_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o our_o engine_n and_o windgun_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n which_o motion_n they_o acquire_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o engine_n yet_o that_o the_o air_n have_v parallel_a effect_n where_o it_o acquire_v no_o such_o motion_n appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o hill_n the_o mercury_n be_v not_o near_o suspend_v so_o high_a at_o the_o top_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o those_o hill_n and_o though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v the_o difference_n by_o suppose_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n brisk_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n yet_o since_o it_o can_v only_o keep_v the_o mercury_n from_o subside_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o pressure_n that_o pressure_n must_v either_o proceed_v from_o its_o spring_n or_o weight_n and_o since_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o so_o few_o part_n of_o the_o air_n as_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o mercury_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o from_o subside_v it_o must_v do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o it_o but_o to_o evince_v the_o spring_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o not_o find_v so_o strong_a a_o pressure_n from_o the_o water_n which_o there_o receive_v a_o less_o impression_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n visible_o expand_v itself_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n chap._n xxv_o mr._n hobb_n principal_a explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o engine_n examine_v before_o mr._n hobbs_n set_v about_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o engine_n he_o lay_v down_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v they_o by_o suppose_v that_o a_o great_a many_o earthy_a particle_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o congenite_fw-la circular_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o near_o than_o further_a from_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o such_o particle_n can_v move_v in_o so_o exact_a a_o order_n without_o knock_v against_o and_o disturb_v each_o other_o motion_n it_o be_v as_o unintelligible_a how_o matter_n shall_v have_v its_o motion_n congenite_fw-la but_o to_o leave_v mr._n hobbs_n to_o dispute_v these_o thing_n with_o other_o adversary_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o his_o explication_n air._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n void_a of_o air._n and_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o our_o receiver_n he_o say_v that_o the_o air_n be_v remove_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o sucker_n outward_a it_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a and_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o cylinder_n which_o if_o true_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n for_o some_o time_n viz._n till_o the_o air_n have_v time_n to_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o but_o that_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n draw_v out_o and_o that_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o air_n empty_a not_o only_o appear_v by_o those_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o it_o but_o it_o further_o appear_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n when_o exhaust_v which_o be_v considerable_o light_a than_o before_o as_o also_o by_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o receiver_n be_v ill_o shape_v so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n it_o break_v inward_a upon_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n but_o a_o further_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o cock_n turn_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o water_n several_a gallon_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n except_o the_o receiver_n be_v empty_a and_o even_o in_o the_o common_a experiment_n its_o evident_a that_o the_o air_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n rush_n in_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n but_o if_o mr._n hobbs_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o pure_a air_n only_o flow_v into_o the_o receiver_n i_o shall_v demand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o that_o to_o flow_v in_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v in_o water_n where_o we_o may_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v as_o well_o raise_v bubble_n in_o its_o passage_n through_o it_o as_o that_o such_o bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n affirm_v that_o this_o air_n get_v into_o the_o receiver_n move_v up_o and_o down_o violent_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v not_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o be_v it_o so_o the_o smoke_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n will_v be_v disturb_v by_o that_o motion_n since_o upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o put_v they_o both_o into_o a_o very_a violent_a agitation_n and_o that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o tube_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v void_a of_o air_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o reciprocal_o invert_v the_o tube_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o mercury_n will_v move_v backward_o with_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o swiftness_n and_o force_n than_o if_o air_n be_v let_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v not_o fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o indeed_o be_v it_o not_o allow_v that_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v offer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n or_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n as_o the_o external_a air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o will_v be_v difficulty_n understand_v if_o not_o altogether_o unexplain_v without_o admit_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air._n the_o next_o phaenomenon_n mr._n hobbs_n offer_v to_o explain_v be_v why_o the_o sucker_n rise_v up_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v though_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n be_v suspend_v at_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o attribute_n to_o the_o swift_a and_o violent_a repercussion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v thrust_v out_o which_o find_v not_o room_n enough_o in_o the_o world_n must_v conseuqent_o press_v the_o sucker_n before_o it_o into_o the_o space_n which_o contain_v it_o before_o but_o if_o the_o air_n be_v so_o swift_o repel_v i_o can_v understand_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o resist_v the_o egress_n of_o air_n or_o raise_v the_o sucker_n when_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v hang_v at_o it_o but_o further_a that_o the_o return_n of_o this_o air_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o swift_a repercussion_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v hence_o manifest_a since_o if_o the_o sucker_n be_v hold_v down_o till_o the_o air_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v settle_v and_o as_o calm_a as_o
before_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o rise_v when_o the_o superfluous_a weight_n be_v take_v away_o and_o as_o for_o a_o internal_a conatus_fw-la of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v such_o allow_v as_o mr._n hobbs_n contend_v for_o it_o will_v rather_o hinder_v than_o promote_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n for_o be_v that_o include_v air_n force_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o he_o suppose_v and_o be_v it_o strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o violent_a repercussion_n in_o the_o air_n the_o internal_a force_n counterpoize_v the_o external_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n will_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o least_o be_v promote_v but_o since_o from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n void_a of_o air_n and_o that_o such_o a_o impetus_fw-la will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v by_o it_o it_o be_v more_o natural_a to_o belive_o that_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n raise_v it_o chap._n xxvi_o several_a scatter_a explication_n and_o passage_n in_o his_o dialogue_n consider_v whereas_o we_o have_v in_o the_o xxxxvth_z experimenti_fw-la mention_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v this_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n swift_o agitate_a in_o the_o air_n but_o since_o the_o same_o agitation_n of_o part_n within_o the_o tube_n may_v also_o depress_v that_o to_o a_o equal_a surface_n with_o the_o external_n the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o it_o be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a the_o reason_n which_o he_o assign_v for_o the_o difficulty_n in_o draw_v up_o the_o stopple_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v a_o violent_a conatus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n within_o but_o be_v the_o impetus_fw-la so_o great_a as_o to_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o repercussion_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n before_o suppose_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o sucker_n it_o shall_v rather_o raise_v the_o stopple_n and_o if_o that_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fasten_n of_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n run_v about_o and_o be_v in_o motion_n for_o a_o good_a while_n nor_o can_v the_o plenitude_n he_o suppose_v cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n because_o he_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v equal_o and_o at_o all_o time_n full_a but_o that_o the_o close_a connexion_n of_o the_o stopple_n to_o the_o socket_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n appear_v by_o close_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n with_o cement_n instead_o of_o that_o stopple_n for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n will_v press_v so_o violent_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o make_v the_o upper_a superficies_n concave_a and_o sometime_o to_o force_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n with_o a_o noise_n and_o great_a violence_n he_o further_o assign_v the_o boil_n of_o water_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n include_v but_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n our_o explanation_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o heat_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o to_o expand_v more_o powerful_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n and_o though_o he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o be_v move_v except_o à _fw-la movente_fw-la contiguo_fw-la a_o contiguous_a body_n in_o motion_n yet_o since_o he_o allow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o earthy_a part_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v innate_a and_o consequent_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o contiguous_a body_n i_o shall_v leave_v that_o to_o answer_v what_o he_o here_o deliver_v and_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v agitate_a when_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n be_v enough_o to_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomenon_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o receiver_n why_o animal_n die_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o animal_n which_o i_o ascribe_v doubt_o though_o not_o without_o probability_n to_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n he_o attribute_n to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o tenacity_n but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n that_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n and_o as_o for_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n than_o before_o the_o contrary_a appear_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n where_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n weigh_v much_o less_o than_o before_o but_o from_o the_o break_v of_o bubble_n outward_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thick_a but_o a_o light_a and_o more_o yield_a body_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n from_o his_o supposition_n of_o the_o air_n be_v thickness_n endeavour_n to_o account_n for_o the_o sudden_a extinction_n of_o flame_n in_o our_o receiver_n yet_o think_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o extinction_n of_o flame_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o thick_a as_o he_o suppose_v chap._n xxvii_o several_n other_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n dialogue_n examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o what_o our_o author_n deliver_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o coliesion_n of_o two_o marble_n but_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o what_o he_o here_o offer_v be_v obviate_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o title_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o prove_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o prove_v first_o if_o a_o aeolipile_v free_v from_o air_n be_v whilst_o hot_a stop_v with_o wax_n upon_o a_o perforation_n of_o that_o wax_n the_o air_n will_v be_v press_v in_o to_o the_o cool_a aeolipile_n whether_o the_o orifice_n be_v hold_v down_o or_o horizontal_o which_o show_v that_o the_o air_n on_o each_o side_n may_v press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o marble_n as_o well_o as_o the_o subjacent_a pillar_n of_o air_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o impel_v against_o it_o only_o in_o a_o pyramidal_a figure_n as_o he_o will_v urge_v viz._n because_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n and_o border_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v form_v pyramid_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o large_a glass_n and_o a_o book_n clap_v upon_o the_o orifice_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a atmosphere_n keep_v it_o suspend_v there_o and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n say_v that_o two_o plate_n of_o copper_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ell_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o that_o six_o man_n can_v not_o pull_v they_o asund_o second_o asund_o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n second_o and_o it_o appear_v from_o a_o experiment_n make_v in_o a_o glass_n viol._n anon_o to_o be_v describe_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v so_o immerse_v that_o it_o be_v low_a orifice_n just_o touch_v the_o water_n the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n a_o considerable_a height_n as_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o the_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o glass_n fountain_n and_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n expanded_a take_v up_o no_o more_o room_n after_o they_o be_v expanded_a than_o before_o but_o since_o he_o mean_v so_o as_o adequate_o to_o fill_v more_o space_n and_o we_o only_o mean_v such_o a_o expansion_n as_o be_v before_o explain_v by_o instance_v compress_v wool_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o our_o sense_n it_o will_v take_v up_o more_o space_n so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o water_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o there_o be_v other_o objection_n mention_v in_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n but_o since_o the_o author_n find_v no_o weight_n in_o they_o against_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v teach_v i_o shall_v only_o further_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n
and_o gassendus_fw-la teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o suction_n but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v take_v a_o glass_n vessel_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n within_o be_v keep_v from_o have_v any_o intercourse_n with_o that_o without_o the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pipe_n be_v thus_o fix_v we_o convey_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n till_o it_o rise_v something_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o have_v incline_v the_o bottle_n to_o give_v a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n i_o suck_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o water_n rise_v into_o my_o mouth_n and_o till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o suction_n allow_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v away_o by_o the_o dilate_a chest_n of_o he_o that_o suck_v and_o thereby_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n at_o which_o he_o suck_v but_o beside_o the_o precede_a use_n make_v of_o this_o experiment_n i_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n till_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o just_a immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o suction_n it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o weaken_a to_o raise_v it_o high_o several_a bubble_n of_o air_n break_v through_o the_o water_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o leave_v off_o suck_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n so_o compress_v the_o rarify_v air_n within_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o wont_a station_n several_a particle_n break_v into_o the_o bottle_n through_o the_o water_n till_o that_o internal_a air_n be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o external_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n examine_v fluidity_n motion_n the_o chief_a qualification_n in_o order_n to_o fluidity_n the_o first_o particular_a examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v a_o mistake_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n concern_v the_o author_n opinion_n of_o fluidity_n the_o objector_n make_v the_o author_n notion_n of_o fluidity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n whereas_o our_o author_n assign_v motion_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a qualification_n since_o a_o coagulum_fw-la of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o wine_n may_v by_o bare_a digestion_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n though_o fluid_a may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a powder_n by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n further_o assert_n that_o fluid_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n divisible_a into_o fluid_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n yet_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o the_o shape_n size_n texture_n and_o motion_n and_o firmness_n on_o a_o rest_n among_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n and_o likewise_o that_o fluids_n be_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n substitute_n it_o teach_v that_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n may_v move_v whilst_o the_o whole_a be_v in_o motion_n and_o that_o solid_n may_v have_v their_o part_n in_o motion_n though_o the_o whole_a lie_n still_o as_o also_o he_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a may_v be_v render_v less_o fluid_a by_o be_v compress_v but_o since_o he_o have_v assert_v these_o thing_n and_o not_o prove_v they_o and_o since_o the_o hypothesis_n he_o go_v upon_o be_v sufficient_o invalidate_v before_o the_o author_n think_v these_o require_v no_o particular_a answer_n and_o though_o he_o further_o make_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n yet_o since_o our_o author_n make_v motion_n or_o rest_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a requisite_n what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n for_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n appear_v if_o a_o lump_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o that_o rest_v contribute_v to_o solidity_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v become_v ice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o as_o well_o as_o metal_n by_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n by_o heat_n become_v fluid_n chap._n xxix_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n four_o see_v plate_n the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o structure_n of_o our_o engine_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o alphabetical_a explanation_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o mechanical_a structure_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o enough_o understand_v by_o those_o especial_o that_o be_v acquaint_v by_o our_o first_o engine_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o our_o plate_n to_o represent_v the_o engine_n just_o ready_a to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v explain_v first_o the_o sucker_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o the_o perforation_n p_o q_o which_o go_v through_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o together_o with_o the_o stick_n r_o s_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n n_z o_z when_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o stick_n rp_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n second_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o lie_n in_o a_o gutter_n make_v purposely_o in_o the_o board_n c_o d_o e_o f_o which_o board_n be_v lay_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n lay_v upon_o that_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o warp_a in_o which_o iron-plate_n be_v fix_v a_o lip_n which_o rise_v up_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o which_o be_v bend_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o the_o receiver_n from_o be_v spill_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o stop-cock_n g_z h_z i_o k_o may_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o o_o at_o ay_o with_o soder_n yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a to_o have_v the_o branch_n ay_o make_v like_o a_o screw_n so_o that_o be_v screw_v into_o the_o barrel_n it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v mend_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v amiss_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o wood_n or_o the_o cement_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o pipe_n where_o the_o invert_v end_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o lest_o the_o inward_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v stop_v with_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n draw_v to_o it_o there_o be_v fix_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o a_o tin_n plate_n so_o contrive_v as_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o air._n the_o wooden_a part_n represent_v in_o the_o plate_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o cylinder_n be_v always_o so_o full_a of_o water_n as_o able_a to_o overtop_v the_o cylinder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o sucker_n soft_a and_o plump_a by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v more_o exact_o fit_v to_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o iron_n plate_n abovementioned_a it_o have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o it_o exclude_v the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o the_o receiver_n have_v a_o stop-cock_n in_o most_o experiment_n though_o in_o some_o it_o be_v less_o servirceable_a but_o most_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o our_o first_o engine_n if_o the_o follow_a alteration_n be_v make_v and_o first_o if_o a_o square_a board_n and_o a_o suitable_a iron_n plate_n such_o as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o engine_n be_v fasten_v opposite_a to_o the_o iron_n rack_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a cylinder_n and_o a_o glass_n tube_n like_o that_o just_a now_o describe_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n with_o a_o cement_n make_v with_o near_a a_o
into_o a_o bottle_n and_o immerse_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n long_o the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o cement_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n 2._o see_v plat._n 6_o fig._n 2._o and_o because_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n another_o make_v of_o white_a glass_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o former_a to_o the_o middle_n of_o who_o cavity_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n extend_v so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rise_a water_n have_v more_o space_n to_o move_v in_o when_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o such_o force_n that_o it_o fly_v violent_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v leisurely_o expanded_a and_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v less_o powerful_a the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n gradual_o cease_v in_o its_o ascent_n unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o fresh_a exsuction_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o as_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v narrow_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v slow_a and_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v long_o continue_v second_o if_o a_o pipe_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o branch_a out_o into_o several_a small_a one_o with_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_v of_o they_o the_o water_n will_v fly_v out_o as_o out_o of_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o grotto_n three_o if_o the_o bottle_n to_o who_o neck_n the_o tube_n be_v cement_v be_v large_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v so_o much_o the_o long_o and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v reiterated_a by_o first_o let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o then_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n by_o pump_v it_o out_o afresh_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o expement_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o a_o much_o great_a height_n than_o the_o pipe_n we_o make_v use_v of_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o its_o spring_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o adventitious_a heat_n three_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v the_o upper_a receiver_n be_v take_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v the_o water_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o several_a bubble_n get_v through_o the_o water_n join_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n but_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v take_v off_o a_o considerable_a time_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n continue_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o water_n as_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v before_o expanded_a can_v not_o be_v bring_v again_o to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o compression_n but_o like_o a_o balance_n put_v in_o motion_n continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n resist_v each_o impress_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o the_o chief_a remark_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o salient_a water_n in_o the_o receiver_n form_v several_a large_a line_n some_o of_o which_o be_v parabolical_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v experiment_n v._o about_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o attraction_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o solid_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o attrition_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o intercept_a air_n to_o try_v how_o far_o this_o may_v be_v true_a i_o cause_v a_o strong_a spring_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n see_v plate_n the_o six_o 3._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 3._o figure_v much_o like_o the_o lathe_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o staple_n trencher_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v fix_v a_o concave_a piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o burning-glass_n about_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o moderate_o slender_a to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o convex_a piece_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n which_o have_v a_o square_a handle_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o wood_n the_o other_o end_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o a_o wooden_a pillar_n make_v use_v instead_o of_o our_o vertical_a cylinder_n and_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o turn-key_n be_v of_o such_o a_o size_n that_o when_o the_o stopple_n be_v depress_v into_o the_o socket_n make_v in_o the_o brass_n cover_v the_o concave_a and_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o brass_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o wooden_a pillar_n and_o the_o spring_n be_v squeeze_v together_o and_o the_o spring_n in_o some_o measure_n expanded_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o a_o mercurial_a gange_n convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o wimble_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v turn_v round_o for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n we_o present_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o brass_n betwixt_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v some_o powder_a amel_n to_o make_v they_o move_v more_o easy_o one_o upon_o another_o be_v sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o further_o depress_v they_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o touch_v they_o and_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n succeed_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o of_o oak_n and_o the_o other_o of_o beech._n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o solid_n may_v cause_v a_o considerable_a warmth_n when_o the_o air_n betwixt_o their_o superficies_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o disjoyn_v of_o two_o marble_n not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v separate_v without_o a_o considerable_a weight_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n have_v several_a time_n suspend_v two_o flat_a polish_v marble_n who_o contiguous_a superficies_n be_v moisten_v with_o oil_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o considerable_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o will_v sometime_o fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o eighteen_o suction_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o eight_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n be_v only_o suspend_v at_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o they_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 80_o pound_n without_o separate_n but_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n with_o a_o brass_n conver_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o and_o suspend_v two_o contiguous_a marble_n in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o few_o ounce_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a the_o string_n which_o suspend_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brass_n stopple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shorten_v the_o string_n the_o marble_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n but_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n they_o present_o fall_v asunder_o yet_o have_v so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o low_a shall_v not_o fall_v too_o far_o the_o other_o be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v so_o close_o compress_v together_o again_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o easy_o as_o before_o yet_o if_o by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n the_o uppermost_a be_v raise_v before_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o lowermost_a behind_o it_o experiment_n vii_o a_o way_n to_o break_v flat_a glass_n speedy_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o round_a figure_n of_o a_o body_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v a_o more_o violent_a pressure_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o body_n otherwise_o shape_v
rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n
it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o first_o the_o water_n appear_v in_o the_o glass_n tube_n they_o will_v be_v very_o numerous_a and_o form_v a_o froth_n yet_o when_o the_o pump_v be_v further_o continue_v they_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o second_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n make_v several_a vibration_n in_o its_o rise_n which_o though_o near_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o first_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o three_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o baroscope_n consult_v before_o some_o time_n after_o be_v note_v to_o have_v rise_v considerable_o so_o that_o have_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o water_n will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o a_o good_a deal_n high_o now_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v what_o some_o man_n teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o spiral_n pipe_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v high_a than_o 36_o foot_n by_o a_o suck_v pump_n experiment_n xviii_o about_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o springy_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o be_v satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o elasticity_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n i_o fix_v one_o end_n of_o a_o whale-bone_n in_o a_o trencher_n and_o tie_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o other_o by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v so_o low_a as_o almost_o to_o touch_v the_o plane_n under_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o alteration_n experiment_n xix_o concern_v the_o make_n of_o mercurial_a gauge_n whereby_o to_o estimate_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a gauge_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o discover_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v well_o exhaust_v as_o by_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n which_o be_v almost_o empty_a of_o air_n or_o by_o invert_v a_o small_a tube_n in_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v contain_v but_o the_o former_a take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o latter_a not_o discover_v whether_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v or_o not_o till_o the_o air_n contain_v be_v too_o much_o rarefy_v for_o any_o considerable_a observation_n therefore_o to_o enable_v i_o to_o make_v more_o observation_n in_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o receiver_n exsuction_n i_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 10_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o small_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v melt_v it_o at_o a_o flame_n so_o as_o to_o soften_v it_o and_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o be_v bend_v i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o form_n represent_v by_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 4._o so_o that_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o low_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n 4._o see_v plate_n 5â—_n fig._n 4._o and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o short_a one_o be_v fill_v with_o quicksilver_n the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o paste_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o that_o tube_n divide_v into_o several_a exact_a part_n for_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o expanded_a the_o air_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n will_v be_v extend_v to_o some_o of_o those_o mark_n and_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v so_o expanded_a the_o experimenter_n desire_v to_o know_v at_o each_o of_o those_o mark_n how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o will_v appear_v by_o let_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a at_o that_o time_n to_o hold_v so_o that_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v at_o any_o determinate_a mark_n the_o water_n be_v let_v in_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o evacuate_v by_o observe_v how_o much_o water_n will_v be_v admit_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n the_o gage_n for_o the_o future_a will_v not_o only_o inform_v we_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o small_a gage_n a_o large_a may_v be_v make_v by_o put_v both_o into_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n at_o once_o for_o by_o observe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n in_o the_o little_a one_o how_o far_o it_o be_v expanded_a in_o the_o large_a one_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v for_o the_o future_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o large_a gage_n and_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o some_o other_o first_o because_o the_o mercury_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n the_o air_n by_o expand_v itself_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o or_o to_o make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n as_o it_o will_v if_o other_o fluid_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o it_o second_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o stick_v wax_n or_o knob_n of_o glass_n to_o the_o pipe_n every_o ten_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o rest_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o which_o division_n will_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o be_v rub_v off_o than_o paper_n which_o be_v also_o subject_a in_o some_o experiment_n to_o be_v wet_a three_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v include_v may_v be_v either_o seal_v up_o before_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o aforementioned_a mark_n or_o after_o by_o draw_v out_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n into_o a_o small_a apex_n and_o when_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n it_o may_v be_v seal_v up_o by_o blow_v a_o lamp_n horizontal_o upon_o the_o apex_n four_o where_o very_o nice_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o receiver_n admit_v of_o a_o long_a gage_n instead_o of_o mercury_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o rose_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v in_o which_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v more_o nice_o represent_v five_o we_o may_v vary_v the_o mercurial_a gage_n by_o order_v the_o short_a leg_n so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o bubble_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n at_o a_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o basis_n of_o that_o leg_n which_o bubble_n must_v have_v a_o pipe_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o air_n which_o bubble_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o the_o other_o that_o less_o air_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n since_o the_o mercury_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v raise_v so_o high_a the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v render_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o eye_n six_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o those_o mention_v by_o other_o author_n because_o it_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n experiment_n xx._n a_o easy_a way_n to_o make_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v make_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n if_o a_o taper_a tube_n of_o brass_n who_o cavity_n at_o one_o end_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a be_v fix_v to_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o a_o receiver_n for_o if_o when_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v cement_v on_o the_o pump_n one_o press_v the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n upon_o the_o small_a orifice_n and_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o take_v off_o one_o hand_n and_o not_o a_o little_a painful_a but_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v have_v a_o much_o more_o sensible_a effect_n if_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v upward_o instead_o of_o the_o small_a experiment_n xxi_o about_o the_o subside_v of_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n to_o the_o level_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v circular_o cut_v off_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o receiver_n include_v a_o baroscope_n in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n subside_v from_o 29_o inch_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o and_o by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o level_n with_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n but_o will_v rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n again_o as_o the_o air_n be_v admit_v in_o flower_n or_o fast_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o
of_o the_o hill_n be_v ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v at_o the_o latter_a and_o as_o the_o barometer_n be_v bring_v low_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o but_o if_o such_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n the_o experiment_n will_v afford_v further_a proof_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n a_o appendix_n about_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o height_n of_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o stupendous_a and_o other_o confine_v it_o to_o narrow_a dimension_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o observation_n which_o may_v confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v it_o and_o though_o as_o ricciolus_n take_v notice_n the_o jesuit_n rector_n melensius_n say_v that_o of_o all_o the_o cloud_n who_o height_n he_o measure_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 5000_o pace_n yet_o if_o we_o allow_v meteor_n and_o comet_n to_o arise_v from_o terrene_a exhalation_n and_o that_o the_o height_n of_o cloud_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o height_n of_o most_o of_o they_o exceed_v what_o carden_n and_o kepler_n allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o relate_v concern_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n and_o first_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n sydenham_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 60_o league_n off_o and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v it_o at_o 40_o league_n distance_n like_o a_o blue_a pyramid_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o island_n of_o madera_n may_v be_v see_v from_o it_o though_o 70_o league_n distant_a and_o that_o the_o great_a canary_n seem_v so_o near_o it_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o leap_v down_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o ricâ—iolus_n observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 4_o degree_n distance_n and_o snellius_n also_o allow_v the_o height_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ten_o mile_n though_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o way_n he_o take_v to_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o it_o may_v be_v none_o of_o the_o true_a he_o likewise_o by_o refraction_n judge_v the_o mountain_n caucasus_n to_o be_v 51_o bolonian_a mile_n high_a which_o be_v not_o believe_v probable_a since_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o take_v its_o height_n in_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n not_o to_o be_v above_o 7_o mile_n high_a in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n though_o if_o what_o aristotle_n and_o other_o report_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v other_o much_o high_a than_o those_o for_o though_o if_o measure_v from_o the_o foot_n or_o level_v of_o that_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o stand_v on_o they_o may_v be_v low_a yet_o consider_v that_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v on_o may_v be_v much_o more_o protuberant_a from_o the_o level_n superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n they_o may_v be_v much_o high_a upon_o that_o account_n experiment_n xxvi_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n though_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o it_o at_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n that_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o a_o close_a room_n as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n even_o at_o small_a cranny_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n as_o if_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n just_a before_o mention_v for_o a_o portable_a barometer_n be_v so_o draw_v out_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o orifice_n be_v but_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n as_o big_a as_o before_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n and_o the_o like_a will_v succeed_v if_o instead_o of_o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n out_o so_o a_o cork_n be_v put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n leave_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n open_a to_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xxvii_o a_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellain_n experiment_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n 3d._n see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o 3d._n be_v bend_v as_o represent_v by_o fig._n 3d._a plate_n the_o viith_z the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v as_o strong_a effect_n if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n through_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v only_o admit_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o receive_v downward_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v so_o bend_v four_o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o four_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v as_o represent_v fig._n iv_o plate_n the_o vii_o the_o mercury_n be_v sustain_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n n._n b._n if_o the_o tube_n thus_o hermetical_o seal_v be_v shake_v the_o mercury_n will_v form_v some_o vibration_n upon_o the_o include_v air_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v compress_v and_o expanded_a again_o successive_o for_o a_o while_n but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o trial_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o pipe_n convenient_o shape_v before_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o a_o cork_n and_o close_a cement_n which_o may_v be_v pierce_v with_o a_o wire_n when_o this_o be_v use_v as_o a_o baroscope_n which_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n experiment_n xxviii_o time_n a_o baroscope_n of_o use_n but_o at_o some_o time_n to_o show_v that_o the_o suspension_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n less_o than_o 30_o inch_n long_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v upon_o it_o and_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v much_o light_a i_o find_v that_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n in_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n be_v so_o far_o compress_v before_o as_o not_o to_o appear_v experiment_n xxix_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v tinge_v spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v which_o bubble_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n for_o some_o time_n several_a slender_a pipe_n be_v put_v into_o it_o it_o rise_v high_a in_o those_o who_o boar_n be_v narrow_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o subsided_a to_o a_o level_n but_o two_o pipe_n of_o different_a boar_n be_v let_v down_o into_o that_o liquor_n a_o second_o time_n though_o it_o answer_v the_o former_a trial_n in_o the_o ascent_n yet_o the_o surface_n in_o the_o slendere_a pipe_n remain_v something_o above_o the_o other_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o vessel_n in_o this_o trial_n emit_v no_o bubble_n yet_o that_o in_o the_o end_v of_o the_o tube_n do_v which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o experiment_n xxx_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v take_v off_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n though_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v succeed_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n we_o take_v a_o syringe_n of_o brass_n see_v plate_n 8_o fig._n one_a who_o barrel_n be_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o one_a see_v plate_n the_o 8_o fig._n one_a and_o its_o
pillar_n to_o which_o the_o feather_n be_v fasten_v be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a basis_n of_o the_o bellows_o with_o cement_n we_o fix_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o low_a basis_n and_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n eight_o see_v fig._n the_o eight_o where_o we_o observe_v upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bellows_o raise_v up_o the_o upper_a basis_n together_o with_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o air_n rise_v out_o at_o the_o vent_n manifest_o move_v the_o feather_n but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o exhaust_v and_o the_o weight_n upon_o the_o upper_a basis_n depress_v it_o violent_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o feather_n be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v upon_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o great_a and_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pipe_n fill_v with_o a_o compact_a body_n who_o particle_n be_v think_v incapable_a of_o imbibe_v it_o we_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n and_o have_v tie_v a_o linen-cloth_n to_o the_o jow_a orifice_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o minium_n and_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n about_o a_o inch_n the_o water_n ascend_v about_o 30_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v in_o another_o it_o rise_v 40_o inch_n in_o which_o kind_n of_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o other_o powder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o experiment_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v the_o success_n much_o better_a when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o ink_n instead_o of_o water_n second_o our_o experiment_n succeed_v the_o better_a the_o fine_a and_o close_a the_o minium_n be_v but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o small_a the_o event_n will_v not_o always_o be_v successful_a three_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n ascend_v not_o to_o it_o be_v utmost_a under_o 30_o hour_n and_o sometime_o long_o four_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n in_o our_o tube_n rise_v without_o any_o swell_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o some_o learned_a man_n ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o water_n rise_v in_o filtre_n to_o five_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v rise_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n be_v promote_v by_o heat_n and_o a_o due_a texture_n of_o part_n experiment_n xxxvii_o of_o the_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o salt_n along_o the_o side_n of_o glass_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o i_o have_v several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o vitriol_n be_v evaporate_v the_o coagulate_v salt_n will_v creep_v up_o the_o side_n of_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o which_o the_o solution_n be_v contain_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v long_o continue_v they_o will_v rise_v over_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o cover_v the_o external_a superficies_n with_o a_o crust_n of_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o strange_a a_o phaenomenon_n though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o improbable_o depend_v on_o the_o like_a cause_n as_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o edge_n of_o water_n be_v not_o only_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n but_o sea-salt_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o crystallise_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n they_o swim_v in_o and_o near_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n their_o coagulation_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o which_o salt_n when_o once_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v beset_v with_o they_o the_o water_n may_v rise_v to_o the_o top_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n before_o mention_v and_o salt_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o those_o and_o coagulate_v there_o still_o lay_v a_o further_a bottom_n for_o their_o ascent_n and_o so_o successive_o till_o they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o that_o there_o be_v passage_n betwixt_o these_o saline_a part_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v through_o appear_v since_o they_o may_v be_v break_v off_o in_o flake_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o ascent_n will_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n already_o can_v imbibe_n no_o more_o and_o consequent_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o it_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n coagulate_v by_o the_o way_n be_v too_o thick_a and_o full_a of_o salt_n to_o continue_v long_o fluid_a experiment_n xxxviii_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o gravity_n of_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v and_o express_v by_o common_a weight_n size_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n be_v desirous_a to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a diameter_n i_o cause_v a_o pipe_n to_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n three_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o brass_n i_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v about_o 137_o drachm_n 45_o grain_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ten_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o 30_o inch_n and_o consequent_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n able_a to_o counterpoise_v it_o must_v amount_v to_o 12_o ounce_n and_o about_o 6_o drachm_n and_o by_o weigh_v water_n in_o this_o tube_n before_o the_o mercury_n be_v put_v into_o it_o the_o water_n weigh_v 10_o drachm_n 15_o grain_n the_o proportion_n of_o water_n to_o mercury_n seem_v as_o 13_o 18_o 41_o to_o 1._o but_o in_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v here_o requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n because_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o a_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o boar_n of_o such_o tube_n be_v equal_a throughout_o their_o diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v thus_o find_v it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o know_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o proportion_n and_o the_o 14_o proposition_n of_o the_o 12_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n for_o since_o according_a to_o that_o cylinder_v of_o equal_a base_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o since_o by_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o same_o element_n such_o circle_n as_o the_o base_n of_o cylinder_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square_n of_o their_o diameter_n and_o since_o mercurial_a cylinder_n will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o weight_n as_o they_o do_v in_o bulk_n the_o rule_n will_v be_v that_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o standard_n cylinder_n be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n propose_v so_o will_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o so_o that_o the_o square_a of_o one_o inch_n be_v 1_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 2_o be_v four_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v four_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n thirty-nine_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o loadstone_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o account_n give_v of_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o loadstone_n depend_v on_o what_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n teach_v viz._n that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n press_v away_o the_o air_n betwixt_o the_o body_n attract_v that_o air_n help_v the_o attraction_n by_o press_v against_o the_o opsite_a side_n of_o the_o stone_n we_o place_v a_o vigorous_a loadstone_n in_o our_o receiver_n have_v adapt_v a_o cap_n of_o steel_n to_o it_o to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o a_o scale_n with_o 6_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n be_v fix_v which_o be_v all_o the_o loadstone_n beside_o the_o steel_n and_o the_o scale_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o all_o which_o be_v suspend_v at_o a_o button_n which_o be_v on_o purpose_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v as_o much_o again_o as_o
have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o taste_n odour_n and_o colour_n i_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o volume_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remain_a object_n of_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o three_o volume_n where_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o method_n i_o take_v in_o that_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n subscribe_v myself_o the_o candid_a reader_n very_o humble_a servant_n r._n boulton_n london_n octob._n 13._o 1699._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 1_o fig_n 1._o pag._n 4._o fig_n 3._o pag._n 5._o fig_n 4._o pag_n 6._o fig_n 2._o pag._n 2._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 2._o fig_n 4._o p_o 14_o fig_n 1._o p_o 8._o fig_n 5_o p_o 17._o fig_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 14._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 22._o fig_n 1_o p_o 21._o vol._n ii_o plate_n .4_o fig_n 3._o p_o 27._o &_o .29_o fig_n 4._o p_o 29_o p_o 23._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 25._o plate_n .5_o vol._n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 32._o fig_n 5._o p_o 485._o fig_n 3._o p_o 32._o fig_n 2._o p_o 32._o fig_n 4._o p_o 33._o plate_n .6_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1_o p_o 33._o fig_n 3._o p_o 35._o fig_n 5._o p_o 366._o fig_n 2_o p_o 34._o fig_n 4._o p_o 365._o plate_n .7_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 35._o fig_n 2._o p_o 37._o fig_n 4_o p_o 374_o fig_n p_o 334_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n iii_o chap._n i._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a volume_n forbid_v that_o i_o shall_v add_v any_o more_o of_o the_o experiment_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o what_o our_o author_n have_v further_a deliver_v in_o his_o first_o continuation_n of_o experiment_n relate_v to_o that_o subject_a experiment_n i._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o syringe_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n as_o in_o the_o experiment_n recite_v in_o the_o former_a volume_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n occasion_n the_o difficulty_n of_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n so_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o syringe_n be_v immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o ascend_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o trial_n i._n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o syringe_n and_o immerse_v the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o pipe_n in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v mercury_n we_o tie_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o syringe_n to_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v convey_v it_o into_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n 2._o plate_n 1._o represent_v 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n the_o mercury_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o ascend_v till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o it_o and_o then_o it_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v vary_v by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n up_o a_o inch_n before_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n though_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o rise_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o high_a again_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o be_v as_o difficult_a to_o raise_v the_o sucker_n as_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o syringe_n be_v stop_v the_o remain_a air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o sucker_n from_o rise_v be_v unable_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n trial_n ii_o be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a the_o former_a trial_n be_v again_o repeat_v beside_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o that_o experiment_n we_o further_o note_v that_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o syringe_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a and_o firm_a the_o mercury_n do_v not_o rise_v till_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o return_v again_o into_o the_o receiver_n though_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n but_o lest_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o these_o experiment_n shall_v be_v influence_v by_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n i_o cause_v the_o pipe_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v the_o same_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o cocheneel_v and_o observe_v that_o thou_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liquor_n afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o and_o at_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o boil_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o ascend_v in_o the_o least_o notwithstanding_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o it_o ascend_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o syringe_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n remain_v in_o the_o bottle_n in_o which_o the_o glass_n tube_n be_v immerse_v experiment_n ii_o a_o attempt_n to_o discover_v the_o motion_n of_o aether_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v instead_o of_o the_o glass_n tube_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n provide_v a_o crooked_a one_o of_o brass_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o such_o as_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v and_o join_v a_o glass_n tube_n to_o the_o short_a leg_n with_o cement_n we_o cause_v weight_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n to_o depress_v it_o speedy_o when_o occasion_n require_v this_o syringe_n be_v fix_v to_o a_o pedestal_n to_o keep_v it_o firm_a and_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o totter_v and_o a_o feather_n be_v likewise_o fix_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o syringe_n so_o that_o the_o small_a end_n be_v place_v above_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o crooked_a tube_n all_o which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o sucker_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turning-key_n be_v often_o elevate_v and_o permit_v to_o fall_v again_o the_o feather_n be_v gradual_o less_o shake_v with_o what_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o feather_n do_v not_o seem_v in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v move_v before_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o and_o then_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o as_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o quicken_v so_o that_o have_v there_o be_v a_o substance_n fine_a than_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o blast_n will_v have_v be_v great_a as_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v swift_a we_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n contrive_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n high_o than_o we_o do_v before_o but_o the_o event_n be_v no_o more_o satisfactory_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v inform_v what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o every_o exsuction_n as_o well_o as_o when_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shake_v by_o the_o wind_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o figure_n the_o three_o represent_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brazen_a one_o and_o the_o one_o end_v be_v immerse_v in_o a_o jar_n and_o place_v in_o the_o receiver_n as_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o several_a bubble_n break_v through_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o external_n air_n get_v in_o at_o a_o leak_n the_o water_n be_v press_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n again_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o that_o air_n it_o again_o subside_v yet_o yield_v so_o many_o bubble_n that_o we_o can_v not_o convenient_o make_v any_o further_a observation_n till_o the_o receiver_n have_v stand_v still_o for_o some_o time_n the_o water_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o then_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n till_o the_o gage_n discover_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v very_o well_o exhaust_v yet_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v that_o any_o bubble_n be_v force_v through_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n by_o frequent_o elevate_n and_o depress_v the_o sucker_n for_o though_o there_o appear_v a_o few_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o we_o judge_v that_o those_o rather_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a particle_n lodging_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a
condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o its_o first_o expansion_n some_o may_v think_v the_o proportion_n not_o exact_a since_o the_o small_a bladder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v no_o more_o but_o 10_o pound_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o the_o large_a raise_v be_v 42_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o duplicate_v proportionof_a what_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o each_o cylinder_n the_o bladder_n in_o the_o less_o proportion_n able_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o in_o the_o large_a it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o difference_n 5._o consider_v that_o the_o bladder_n in_o which_o air_n be_v include_v may_v straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o exact_o determine_v can_v cylinder_n be_v contrive_v staunch_a enough_o without_o such_o help_n 6._o and_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o render_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n difficult_a to_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v adapt_v itself_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o observing_z how_o much_o the_o plug_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o lay_v the_o weight_n upon_o it_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o figure_n the_o 5_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o inch_n broad_a lift_v up_o 75_o pound_n at_o the_o 5_o exsuction_n so_o high_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o mark_n 5._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 5._o and_o at_o 2_o exsuction_n more_o it_o be_v elevate_v 3_o 10_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n the_o mercury_n that_o usual_o stand_v at_o ⅛_n above_o the_o high_a glass_n mark_v subside_v to_o ⅛_n below_o the_o second_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o after_o some_o time_n the_o bladder_n subside_v again_o and_o be_v take_v out_o exact_o answer_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v at_o the_o 24_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v depress_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n and_o at_o the_o 35th_o to_o ⅛_n below_o it_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n in_o which_o we_o heap_v flat_a weight_n one_o upon_o another_o the_o air_n raise_v 100_o pound_n weight_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v raise_v much_o more_o have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o much_o strain_v as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o some_o air_n to_o get_v out_o at_o a_o leak_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o such_o receiver_n must_v not_o be_v very_o wide_a for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o be_v crack_v by_o the_o violent_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xi_o to_o compare_v the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n i_o weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o i_o find_v to_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o grain_n more_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n we_o turn_v the_o cock_n again_o to_o keep_v that_o water_n in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o weigh_v the_o water_n weigh_v 47_o ounce_n 3_o drachm_n and_o 6_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o its_o bulk_n of_o air_n near_o 650_o grain_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v boy_v up_o to_o 29_o inch_n ¾_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n and_o condense_a state_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v great_a than_o than_o usual_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o disproportion_n be_v not_o as_o great_a as_o at_o other_o time_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n join_v with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n may_v hinder_v so_o much_o water_n from_o get_v in_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o exhaust_v air_n beside_o several_a particle_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o get_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n whilst_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v which_o join_v with_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n may_v contribute_v to_o prevent_v a_o sufficient_a ingress_n of_o water_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o various_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v exact_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o it_o and_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o water_n be_v to_o air_n some_o number_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 1100_o to_o 1_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o or_o less_o condense_v but_o
high_a octob._n 16._o 77._o three_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 30_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v much_o octob._n 18._o it_o be_v not_o a_o inch_n high_a jan._n 2._o 18._o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o full_a and_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v pour_v out_o produce_v bubble_n in_o some_o turpentine_n about_o the_o orifice_n which_o break_v outward_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o hinder_v it_o see_v the_o ii_o viii_o and_o fourteen_o exp._n art_n ii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 19_o 78._o mu_o express_v must_v from_o must_v bruise_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v 10_o month_n old_a the_o 21._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o 23._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n 24._o raise_v 5_o inch_n 25._o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v 104_o in_o the_o evening_n 137_o and_o the_o must_v make_v its_o way_n out_o 26._o more_o must_v get_v out_o the_o air_n be_v further_o expanded_a but_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n 27._o the_o screw_n be_v leave_v open_a half_o the_o must_v get_v out_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o keep_v grape_n for_o some_o time_n their_o fermentative_a virtue_n become_v more_o powerful_a experiment_n viii_o jan._n 30._o boil_a apple_n be_v put_v into_o receiver_n apple_n from_o boil_a apple_n with_o and_o without_o sugar_n they_o both_o present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o air._n jan._n 31._o raw_n apple_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o receiver_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n and_o the_o other_o without_o feb._n 10._o the_o former_a have_v yield_v some_o air._n feb._n 14._o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o inch_n those_o which_o be_v boil_a raise_v it_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n we_o have_v no_o air_n generate_v feb._n 18._o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v enclose_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 56_o inch_n the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 3._o the_o raw_a apple_n have_v yield_v little_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o full_a the_o apple_n be_v very_o little_o ferment_v but_o of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a taste_n feb._n 21._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o the_o apple_n and_o sugar_n have_v lose_v some_o of_o their_o juice_n but_o they_o be_v not_o rot_a march_v 1_o in_o the_o great_a receiver_n in_o which_o raw_a apple_n be_v shut_v up_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n in_o the_o little_a one_o not_o above_o 7._o where_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n march_n 8._o in_o the_o large_a one_o it_o be_v 29._o in_o the_o less_o 22_o ½_n that_o where_o the_o boil_a apple_n be_v stay_v at_o 9_o inch_n march_n 17._o some_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o the_o large_a receiver_n in_o the_o less_o the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 67_o inch_n and_o the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sugar_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crudity_n of_o the_o fruit_n contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o air._n article_n ii_o several_a way_n to_o hinder_v the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n i._n decemb._n 20._o 78._o dough_n make_v without_o leaven_n dough._n from_o dough._n but_o with_o the_o same_o meal_n with_o breadcorn_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o fire_n keep_v it_o warm_a than_o at_o midsummer_n in_o 10_o hour_n it_o yield_v no_o air_n so_o that_o if_o doughty_n be_v once_o too_o cold_a it_o hinder_v its_o fermentation_n for_o the_o future_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o doughty_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n present_o generate_v air._n experiment_n ii_o may_v 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o doughty_n leaven_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 50_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o put_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o it_o may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v three_o inch_n high_a may_v 26._o the_o change_n be_v small_a may_v 27._o none_o at_o all_o may_v 29._o none_o at_o all_o june_n 2._o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a june_n 14._o not_o at_o all_o decemb._n 14._o be_v take_v out_o it_o smell_v subacid_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o empty_a receiver_n it_o swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v up_o twice_o as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o with_o a_o gentle_a ebullition_n may_v 23._o the_o same_o quantity_n be_v of_o doughty_n shut_v up_o without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v 19_o ½_n inch_n high_a may_v 26._o it_o be_v height_n be_v 38._o may_v 27._o no_o alteration_n decemb._n 14._o it_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o dough_n smell_v subacid_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n experiment_n iii_o august_n 29._o pear_n pear_n from_o pear_n and_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n fill_v with_o water_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o be_v all_o make_v like_o a_o pultis_fw-la for_o consistence_n aug._n 30._o in_o 24_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a aug._n 31._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 1._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n sept._n 2._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_o sept._n 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 17_o digit_n high_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o inch_n sept._n 4._o the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o 7_o inch_n further_o rest_v at_o 59_o inch_n sept._n 5._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a tube_n be_v 64_o inch_n and_o a_o pear_n break_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v turn_v black_n sept._n 6._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n and_o ¼_n high_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a sept._n 7._o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n low_a and_o rest_v again_o at_o 64_o inch_n sept._n 8._o this_o day_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 58_o inch_n sept._n 9_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o 3_o digit_n high_o again_o and_o be_v suspend_v at_o 67_o digit_n sept._n 10._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 69_o inch_n sept._n 11._o it_o descend_v to_o 67_o digit_n again_o the_o night_n be_v very_o cold_a sept._n 12._o no_o alteration_n happen_v at_o all_o sept._n 13._o it_o subside_v further_o to_o 64_o digit_n the_o cold_a be_v sharp_a sept._n 14._o it_o be_v 70_o digit_n high_a sept._n 16._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o sept._n 19_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 20._o it_o be_v raise_v again_o to_o 71._o sept._n 23._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o again_o to_o 75_o digit_n octob._n 3_o on_o the_o 2_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n it_o stand_v at_o 70_o the_o wether_n be_v exceed_o cold_a octob._n yesterday_o the_o mercury_n remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o this_o day_n be_v rainy_n it_o rise_v again_o to_o 75._o octob._n 7._o the_o wether_n be_v the_o same_o the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n octob._n 10._o this_o day_n it_o subside_v to_o 69_o inch_n the_o rainy_n weather_n continue_v octob._n 12._o to_o day_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o 65_o inch_n cold_a wether_n come_v on_o again_o octob._n 13._o it_o be_v 64_o inch_n high_a octob._n 14_o it_o be_v 69_o digit_n high_a octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a octob._n 24_o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n the_o season_n be_v cold_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 64._o the_o cold_a more_o violent_a nou._n 5._o the_o mercury_n be_v 80_o ½_n inch_n high_a the_o cold_a more_o moderate_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 65_o inch_n high_a it_o be_v sharp_a frosty_a wether_n nou._n 27._o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n high_a a_o thaw_v come_v on_o dec._n 6._o it_o be_v 61_o inch_n high_a the_o wether_n be_v very_o frosty_a from_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v not_o air_n plentiful_o when_o violent_o compress_v in_o the_o air_n the_o air_n afford_v when_o they_o be_v compress_v not_o be_v ⅛_n of_o what_o they_o yield_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n but_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v concur_v to_o hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n will_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a
experiment_n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o 77._o ten_o ounce_n of_o paste_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n paste_n from_o paste_n i_o impress_v air_n enough_o into_o it_o to_o sustain_v 73_o inch_n of_o mercury_n above_o the_o length_n of_o a_o cylinder_n which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o in_o two_o hour_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n feb._n 23._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o in_o 6_o hour_n more_o it_o ascend_v 8_o inch_n high_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o 83_o inch_n feb._n 24_o it_o be_v 90_o inch_n high_a feb._n 25_o it_o be_v 97_o inch_n high_a feb._n 26_o it_o be_v 101_o inch_n high_a feb._n 27_o it_o be_v 105_o inch_n high_a feb._n 28_o it_o be_v 107_o ½_n inch_n high_a march_n 1_o it_o be_v 112_o inch_n high_a water_n seem_v to_o be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o paste_n march_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 120_o inch_n march_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 121_o inch_n march_n 4_o &_o 5_o it_o remain_v at_o 121_o inch_n march_n 8._o upon_o a_o thaw_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 125_o digit_n march_n 10._o it_o rise_v 6_o digit_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 131_o digit_n march_n 21._o the_o season_n be_v so_o long_o cold_a no_o air_n be_v generate_v except_o that_o in_o the_o three_o last_o day_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 138_o digit_n april_n 4._o one_o of_o the_o iron_n wire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o straiten_v the_o receiver_n be_v break_v and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cold_a and_o compression_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n experiment_n v._n march_n 1._o 77._o two_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bruise_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n with_o six_o ounce_n of_o vinegar_n it_o afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o march_n 2._o it_o still_o yield_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v half_o a_o inch._n march_n 25._o the_o vinegar_n seem_v to_o contain_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v a_o inch._n so_o that_o vinegar_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n vi._n april_n 7._o have_v put_v 10_o ounce_n of_o paste_n into_o a_o receiver_n able_a to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o water_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o sustain_v mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 128_o inch_n in_o six_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v four_o inch_n be_v sustain_v at_o 132_o digit_n april_n 8._o in_o 16_o hour_n it_o ascend_v 9_o inch_n high_o but_o for_o nine_o hour_n after_o it_o rest_v at_o 141._o april_n 9_o some_o air_n break_v out_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 130_o inch_n therefore_o thrust_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v it_o to_o 141_o i_o close_v it_o it_o up_o with_o a_o screw_n apr._n 10_o it_o be_v at_o 151_o digit_n apr._n 11_o it_o be_v at_o 158_o digit_n apr._n 12_o it_o be_v at_o 168_o digit_n apr._n 13_o it_o be_v at_o 176_o digit_n april_n 14_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 15_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 16_o it_o be_v at_o 187_o digit_n april_n 17_o it_o be_v at_o 191_o digit_n april_n 27._o eight_o day_n its_o station_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o two_o last_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n be_v raise_v to_o 198_o digit_n april_n 30._o so_o much_o air_n be_v let_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v but_o 50_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o compress_v state_n of_o that_o air_n hinder_v it_o from_o expanding_n the_o remain_a air_n be_v pin_v up_o present_o raise_v the_o mercury_n sensible_o and_o 3_o hour_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 62_o digit_n from_o 50._o in_o five_o hour_n space_n after_o rose_n 1_o ½_n may_v 1._o in_o 15_o hour_n it_o raise_v only_o a_o inch._n may_v 3_o on_o the_o second_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v no_o high_a i_o let_v the_o air_n go_v and_o the_o screw_v be_v set_v again_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n may_v 7._o in_o 3_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n high_o may_v 8._o in_o the_o two_o last_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v ½_n a_o inch._n and_o the_o mass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 5_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o a_o inch._n may_v 21._o it_o have_v not_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n yet_o may_v 30._o it_o rest_v at_o 4_o inch_n and_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o air_n that_o paste_n will_v afford_v may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o though_o it_o be_v compress_v yet_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o some_o measure_n till_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o repeat_v turn_v and_o reciprocation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v more_o slow_o generate_v in_o compress_v than_o in_o free_a air_n it_o usual_o yield_v all_o that_o it_o will_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n experiment_n viii_o artificial_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o have_v include_v plum_n and_o apricock_n cut_v asunder_o in_o a_o receiver_n apricock_n plum_n and_o apricock_n i_o press_v so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n into_o they_o as_o raise_v 64_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o they_o yield_v no_o air_n but_o become_v yellow_a as_o if_o too_o ripe_a august_n 3_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o a_o whole_a apricock_n appear_v full_a of_o drop_n of_o water_n august_n 7._o the_o whole_a apricock_n grow_v soft_a and_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 59_o inch_n tall_a than_o its_o usual_a length_n august_n 8_o it_o be_v 61_o digit_n high_a august_n 9_o it_o be_v 65_o digit_n high_a august_n 10_o it_o be_v 71_o digit_n high_a august_n 11_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a april13_n it_o be_v 78_o digit_n high_a april14_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april15_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april16_n and_o till_o the_o 22_o the_o it_o rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o 24_o it_o be_v 77_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o 29_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o colour_a and_o smell_v sub-acid_a the_o flesh_n be_v spongeous_a it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n when_o first_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n common_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n some_o be_v cut_v and_o other_o whole_a july_n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a august_n 1_o at_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o inch_n august_n 3_o the_o fruit_n be_v much_o more_o firm_a than_o those_o include_v with_o artificial_a air._n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 35_o inch_n august_n 4._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n august_n 6._o the_o apricock_n appear_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 57_o inch_n aug._n 7_o it_o be_v 81_o digit_n high_a aug._n 8_o it_o be_v 95_o digit_n high_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v 113_o digit_n high_a aug._n 10_o it_o be_v 124_o digit_n high_a the_o apricock_n begin_v to_o turn_v yellow_a but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o appear_v moist_a aug._n 11_o it_o be_v 131_o digit_n high_a aug._n 13_o it_o be_v 157_o digit_n high_a aug._n 14_o it_o be_v 163_o digit_n high_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 17_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 182_o inch_n high_a aug._n 29_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o apricock_n be_v more_o acid_n and_o less_o grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o those_o in_o factitious_a air_n the_o pulp_n be_v well_o colour_a but_o spongy_a they_o yield_v bubble_n as_o the_o other_o do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n hinder_v the_o apricock_n enclose_v with_o they_o from_o yield_a air_n yet_o it_o enrich_v their_o colour_n and_o firmness_n and_o be_v good_a to_o preserve_v their_o taste_n experiment_n viii_o wine_n grape_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n oct._n 11_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 12_o the_o ascent_n
of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 13_o it_o be_v ½_n a_o inch._n oct._n 17_o it_o be_v 1_o inch._n oct._n 18_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n oct._n 19_o near_o 4_o inch_n oct._n 20_o the_o same_o but_o their_o surface_n seem_v mouldy_a oct._n 21_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n oct._n 22_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 23_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 24_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 27_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a octob._n 28_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 2_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 6_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a no._n 8_o it_o be_v 10_o inch_n high_a no._n 9_o it_o be_v 13_o inch_n high_a no._n 12_o it_o be_v 15_o inch_n high_a no._n 14_o it_o be_v 17_o inch_n high_a no._n 18_o it_o be_v 23_o inch_n high_a no._n 21_o it_o be_v 26_o inch_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 36_o ½_n inch_n high_a dec._n 12_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 36_o inch_n high_a the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o octob._n 10._o 677._o wine_n grape_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o another_o receiver_n into_o which_o be_v put_v 2_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n along_o with_o the_o grape_n oct._n 11_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 12_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 13_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 17_o the_o ascent_n be_v small_a oct._n 18_o not_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v but_o little_a jan._n 6._o the_o grape_n all_o this_o time_n afford_v no_o air_n so_o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hinder_v their_o fermentation_n experiment_n ix_o have_v convey_v a_o peach_n into_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o so_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v just_o able_a to_o afford_v vapour_n to_o rise_v about_o it_o march_n 28._o 78._o it_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n but_o be_v the_o less_o firm_a it_o have_v almost_o whole_o contract_v the_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o yield_v not_o air._n experiment_n x._o wine_n air_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o convey_v 5_o peach_n into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v vapour_n about_o they_o octob._n 18_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n inches_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n inches_n high_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o inch_n high_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 14_o digit_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o digit_n nou._n 14_o the_o same_o nou._n 16_o the_o same_o dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 18._o dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o ½_n dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 23._o march_n 8_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n air_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o five_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o common_a receiver_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 18_o it_o ascend_v not_o octob._n the_o 20_o the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o digit_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 8_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 12_o nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 15_o nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o ½_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 14_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 21_o digit_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 26_o digit_n high_a dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 26_o ½_n digit_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 28_o ½_n digit_n high_a jan._n 6._o 78_o it_o be_v 32_o inch_n high_a march_n 28_o it_o be_v 33_o ½_n april_n 15._o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o the_o air_n after_o it_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o vapour_n do_v not_o hinder_v fermentation_n so_o much_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o experiment_n xi_o leaven_n paste_n with_o leaven_n have_v close_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o leaven_a dough_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o so_o much_o air_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n april_n 28._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v 2_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a april_n 3_o it_o be_v 3_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o the_o paste_n be_v mouldy_a it_o be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n high_a may_v 6_o it_o be_v 2_o ¾_n may_v 8_o it_o be_v 3_o may_n 10_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 4_o may_n 17_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 5_o may_n 24_o it_o be_v 6_o may_n 28_o it_o be_v 8_o june_n 2_o it_o be_v 9_o june_n 6_o it_o be_v 10_o june_n 41_o it_o be_v 11_o ½_n july_n 5_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n july_n 19_o it_o be_v 15_o paste_n without_o leaven_n april_n 27._o 78._o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n without_o leaven_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n leaven_n without_o leaven_n april_n 29._o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o ascend_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n april_n 30._o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n may_v 4._o it_o ascend_v slow_o and_o the_o paste_n turn_v mouldy_a may_v 6._o it_o be_v about_o 4_o inch_n high_a may_v 8_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n may_v 10_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 10_o ½_n may_v 17_o it_o be_v 12_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n may_v 24_o it_o be_v 16_o ½_n may_v 28_o it_o be_v 18_o ½_n june_n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n june_n 6_o it_o be_v 21_o ½_n june_n 14_o it_o be_v 25_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o leaven_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o may_v 23._o wine_n paste_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n on_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v pour_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n may_n 24_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 1_o inch._n may_v 26_o it_o be_v near_o 2._o may_v 27_o it_o be_v near_o 2_o ½_n may_v 31_o no_o alteration_n june_n 1_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 4_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a july_n 19_o no_o variation_n decemb._n 14._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n smell_v subacid_a paste_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 23._o it_o without_o it_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v may_v 26_o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n high_a may_v 27_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 28_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 29_o it_o be_v 7_o digit_n high_a may_v 31_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 22_o digit_n high_a july_n 4_o it_o be_v 30_o digit_n high_a july_n 19_o it_o be_v about_o the_o height_n of_o 30_o digit_n the_o air_n break_v out_o decemb._n 14._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n again_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n be_v very_o acid_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prejudices_fw-la the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o it_o likewise_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o paste_n which_o be_v make_v without_o ferment_n will_v in_o time_n yield_v as_o much_o air_n as_o that_o prepare_v with_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o octob._n 11._o receiver_n new_a ale_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n new_a ale_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a cavity_n be_v take_v up_o with_o it_o and_o another_o receiver_n be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n except_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o cavity_n which_o contain_v air._n octob._n 12._o in_o the_o receiver_n exact_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a the_o other_o have_v its_o cover_n burst_v and_o the_o ale_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o purpose_n octob._n 13._o in_o that_o whole_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v 12_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v raise_v 13_o digit_n octob._n 14._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 13_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 18._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 22_o inch_n and_o in_o the_o other_o 20._o octob._n 15._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a
be_v firm_a than_o before_o their_o taste_n and_o smell_v discover_v they_o to_o be_v mouldy_a factitious_a air._n septemb_n 10._o 77._o have_v include_v 2_o ounce_n of_o unripe_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 8_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o as_o much_o of_o factitious_a air_n of_o pear_n as_o sustain_v a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o 10_o digit_n sept._n 11._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 8_o digit_n sept._n 12._o it_o ascend_v 3_o inch_n sept._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o sept._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o sept._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept_n 17._o it_o be_v sustain_v at_o 28_o inch_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v turn_v yellow_a sept._n 18_o it_o be_v 29_o sept._n 19_o it_o be_v 30_o sept._n 20_o it_o be_v 31_o sept._n 21_o it_o be_v 33_o sept._n 23_o it_o be_v 35_o sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 20_o some_o air_n get_v out_o the_o grape_n be_v yellow_a sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 21_o sept._n 25_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 26_o little_a variation_n sept._n 27_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 29_o it_o be_v 27_o sept._n 30_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 1_o &_o 2_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 5_o it_o be_v 30_o oct._n 6_o it_o be_v 31_o oct._n 10_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n oct._n 13_o it_o be_v 31_o nou._n 9_o it_o be_v 13._o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o nou._n 19_o it_o be_v 29_o inch_n high_a dec._n 20._o the_o grape_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o firmness_n the_o taste_n and_o smell_v be_v not_o less_o grateful_a than_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o firmness_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o exhalation_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o it_o hence_o likewise_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n may_v preserve_v the_o taste_n though_o it_o cause_v a_o change_n in_o colour_n experiment_n iu._n july_n 18._o have_v enclose_v two_o piece_n of_o orange_n orange_n artificial_a air_n from_o orange_n the_o one_o with_o common_a air_n and_o add_v as_o much_o factitious_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v up_o 12_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o other_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n july_n 20._o the_o latter_a seem_v mouldy_a the_o other_o not_o appear_v to_o have_v undergo_v any_o change_n july_n 23._o the_o orange_n contain_v in_o the_o factitious_a air_n be_v unaltered_a the_o mouldiness_n of_o the_o other_o be_v increase_v july_n 26._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n seem_v putrid_a as_o likewise_o the_o other_o do_v but_o without_o mouldiness_n august_n 1_o no_o far_o alteration_n appear_v in_o the_o orange_n i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n which_o hold_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_a be_v well_o taste_v and_o firm_a only_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rind_n have_v lose_v a_o little_a juice_n that_o in_o the_o other_o reciver_n seem_v rot_a except_o the_o rind_n it_o may_v be_v here_o observe_v that_o factitious_a air_n of_o the_o cherry_n have_v different_a effect_n on_o several_a fruit_n experiment_n v._n factitious_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n artificial_a air_n from_o beef_n have_v compress_v air_n make_v of_o cherry_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o beef_n so_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n 27_o inch_n high_a july_n 21_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 22_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 23_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 25_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 26_o the_o receiver_n and_o cover_n be_v separate_v the_o flesh_n stink_v common_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v july_n 21_o 0_o july_n 22_o 1_o inch._n july_n 23_o 5_o ½_n july_n 25_o 9_o ½_n july_n 26_o 14_o ½_n towards_o night_n 18._o july_n 27_o 21_o ½_n towards_o night_n 25._o july_n 28_o the_o air_n get_v out_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o from_o flesh_n experiment_n vi._n common_a air._n march_n 14._o 76._o onion_n artificial_a air_n from_o onion_n two_o onion_n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 28._o the_o mercury_n on_o the_o sixteenth_o be_v depress_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n but_o after_o be_v buoy_v up_o 2_o ¼_n and_o the_o air_n get_v out_o the_o length_n of_o the_o root_n be_v increase_v april_n 28._o they_o be_v putrify_v and_o corrupt_v may_v 9_o the_o mercury_n neither_o ascend_v nor_o subside_v but_o the_o root_n be_v putrify_v factitious_a air._n march_n 17._o 76._o onion_n be_v include_v with_o air_n obtain_v from_o paste_n march_n 28._o they_o take_v root_n just_a as_o they_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air._n april_n 28._o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o root_n begin_v to_o putrify_v perhaps_o because_o the_o artificial_a air_n may_v be_v moist_a the_o mercury_n ascend_v 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n may._n 18._o one_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o vegetation_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o artificial_a air_n and_o it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v increase_v experiment_n vii_o common_a air._n august_n 25._o grape_n artificial_a air_n from_o grape_n fix_v ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n aug._n 26_o it_o be_v ascent_n scarce_o discernible_a aug._n 27_o 1_o inch._n aug._n 28_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 29_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 30._o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o little_a the_o grape_n be_v not_o equal_o alter_v as_o in_o artificial_a air_n of_o pear_n aug._n 31._o the_o grape_n be_v open_a to_o the_o atmosphere_n septemb_n 7._o their_o pungent_a taste_n be_v something_o abate_v though_o they_o retain_v their_o colour_n factitious_a air._n aug._n 25._o two_o ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 8_o ½_n of_o water_n so_o much_o air_n of_o pear_n be_v thrust_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n aug._n 26._o some_o air_n get_v out_o a_o supply_n be_v add_v which_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 17_o inch_n high_a aug._n 27._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o less_o than_o 16_o inch_n towards_o night_n it_o ascend_v again_o to_o 17_o inch_n aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 21_o aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 22_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o ½_n sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n and_o 4_o they_o acquire_v a_o yellowness_n sept._n 5._o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 7._o the_o grape_n be_v insipid_a and_o of_o a_o ungrateful_a taste_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v argue_v for_o the_o power_n of_o artificial_a air_n in_o change_a colour_n it_o promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n and_o preserve_v taste_n experiment_n viii_o factitious_a air._n aug._n 2.76_o gillyflower_n artificial_a air_n from_o gillyflower_n a_o gillyflower_n be_v enclose_v with_o air_n of_o paste_n in_o a_o receiver_n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v moist_a and_o alter_v its_o colour_n aug._n 9_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v aug._n 12._o their_o moistness_n increase_v gradual_o without_o mouldiness_n aug._n 31._o it_o be_v not_o so_o fresh_a as_o those_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 2._o common_a air._n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air._n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v unaltered_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v wet_a and_o almost_o colourless_a aug._n 12._o it_o be_v very_o mouldy_a aug._n 4._o vacuum_n two_o gillyflower_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuum_n aug._n 4._o they_o seem_v moist_a but_o in_o a_o year_n after_o undergo_v no_o alteration_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n render_v colour_n more_o subject_a to_o change_v experiment_n ix_o common_a air._n july_n 24._o plum_n artificial_a air_n from_o apricock_n and_o plum_n a_o pricock_n and_o plum_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n july_n 28._o there_o be_v no_o change_n in_o the_o fruit_n but_o that_o one_o plum_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v a_o little_a mouldy_a aug._n 11._o the_o colour_n taste_n and_o consistence_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v all_o very_a acceptable_a july_n 24._o artificial_a air._n the_o same_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o keep_v a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n up_o to_o 22_o inch_n july_n 25._o it_o subside_v 3_o inch_n and_o rise_v to_o 22_o again-towards_a night_n july_n 26_o it_o rise_v 28_o july_n 27_o it_o
whole_o free_v from_o air_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o ebullition_n nor_o a_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n yet_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n move_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o open_a air._n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n depend_v not_o in_o a_o dissolution_n in_o vacuo_fw-la since_o all_o dissolution_n be_v company_v with_o a_o production_n of_o bubble_n experiment_n viii_o may_v 19_o 76._o claret_n radish_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o claret_n have_v cut_v two_o radish_n transvers_o and_o suspend_v they_o all_o night_n in_o vacuo_fw-la over_o a_o vessel_n of_o claret_n the_o small_a end_n of_o one_o be_v downward_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o contrary_a posture_n all_o be_v free_v of_o their_o air_n the_o next_o day_n i_o free_v two_o other_o radish_n from_o their_o thick_a skin_n and_o cut_v they_o transvers_o suspend_v they_o over_o the_o wine_n as_o the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o immerse_v they_o all_o in_o the_o wine_n they_o emit_v bubble_n considerable_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v be_v long_a in_o the_o receiver_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v urge_v that_o bubble_n be_v form_v of_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o radish_n yield_v most_o air_n who_o skin_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o be_v because_o those_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o canal_n and_o pore_n to_o contain_v air_n in_o for_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v equal_o in_o all_o the_o radish_n notwithstanding_o their_o posture_n experiment_n ix_o may._n 4._o water_n a_o small_a tube_n immerse_v in_o water_n a_o small_a glass_n tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a by_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o divide_v and_o intercept_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o several_a place_n beside_o several_a bubble_n of_o water_n pass_v out_o at_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v immerse_v one_o end_v of_o this_o tube_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v open_a but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o water_n ascend_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n that_o the_o water_n suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n yield_v no_o bubble_n but_o only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n nor_o do_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n even_o at_o the_o bottom_n yield_v bubble_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o be_v before_o immerse_v in_o may._n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n a_o drop_n which_o run_v over_o the_o superior_a aperture_n of_o the_o receiver_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o be_v raise_v two_o line_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n no_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n till_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o then_o successive_o they_o rise_v one_o after_o another_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n i_o observe_v that_o thou_o whilst_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v several_a bubble_n appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n none_o be_v to_o be_v see_v may_v 6._o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o nephritick_n wood_n in_o which_o the_o success_n be_v alike_o except_o that_o in_o the_o infusion_n when_o the_o bubble_n be_v small_a they_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o thinness_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o viscocity_n may_v 10._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v different_a from_o the_o former_a but_o that_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v not_o so_o high_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o formation_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tube_n depend_v on_o aerial_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o impediment_n at_o their_o end_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o new_a one_o join_v with_o they_o form_n bubble_n experiment_n x._o july_n 18._o 76._o tube_n bean_n with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n 2_o day_n ago_o to_o day_n seem_v unaltered_a but_o the_o stopple_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v pull_v back_o air_n and_o water_n break_v out_o which_o eruption_n be_v succeed_v by_o a_o bubble_a noise_n which_o continue_v above_o a_o hour_n july_n 25._o the_o iron_n tube_n be_v open_v a_o second_o time_n and_o a_o bubble_a noise_n succeed_v as_o before_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o bean_n contain_v air_n which_o can_v discharge_v itself_o in_o a_o compression_n till_o that_o compression_n be_v remove_v experiment_n xi_o march_n 4._o 77._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o it_o in_o 15_o minute_n it_o be_v tinge_v with_o a_o diluted_a blue_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n in_o 3_o minute_n become_v vivid_v and_o thick_a april_n 4._o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n which_o it_o regain_v when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o may_v 8._o wine_n oil_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n swim_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v great_a bubble_n rise_v from_o the_o spirit_n and_o small_a one_o from_o the_o oil_n but_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o oil_n afford_v bubble_n large_a enough_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o their_o ascent_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o they_o break_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o to_o strike_v against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n may_v 9_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a i_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o oil_n be_v not_o very_o large_a till_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sudden_o expanded_a experiment_n xiii_o may_v 3._o 76._o wine_n aq._n fort._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o include_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n one_o of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o several_a considerable_a ebullition_n succeed_v the_o liquor_n when_o take_v out_o be_v black_a and_o turbid_v though_o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v in_o colour_n but_o only_o a_o black_a powder_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o one_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o ebullition_n less_o violent_a than_o those_o in_o the_o vessel_n first_o include_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v take_v out_o be_v almost_o as_o black_a and_o turbid_v as_o that_o first_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v not_o much_o alter_v may_v 4._o the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n appear_v clear_a and_o green_a but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n bubble_v more_o than_o the_o day_n before_o and_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o all_o three_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o red_a liquor_n afford_v large_a bubble_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v ebullition_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n fourteen_o jan._n 21._o 78._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o file_n of_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spir._n sal_fw-la armon_n with_o file_n of_o copper_n stop_v with_o a_o leather_n stopple_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o unfermented_a paste_n jan._n 22._o the_o air_n yield_v by_o the_o paste_n penetrate_v the_o leather_n which_o be_v impervious_a to_o common_a air_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o tincture_n it_o give_v the_o liquor_n jan._n 25._o the_o liquor_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o penetrate_v pore_n which_o common_a air_n can_v feb._n 2._o the_o glass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o admit_v air_n so_o
gradual_o as_o to_o be_v fill_v in_o 24_o hour_n the_o liquor_n still_o remain_v colourless_a feb._n 15._o the_o glass_n be_v again_o shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o paste_n the_o air_n afford_v by_o it_o do_v not_o as_o before_o penetrate_v the_o leather_n nor_o be_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o least_o tinged_a by_o it_o experiment_n xv._o april_n 2._o 78._o have_v put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o the_o engine_n describe_v vacuo_fw-la a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o the_o filtration_n of_o air_n through_o water_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v stir_v and_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o penetrate_v the_o water_n it_o be_v a_o little_o better_a but_o can_v not_o recover_v apr._n 12._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o weak_o mouse_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v fast_v a_o long_a time_n the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n for_o the_o mouse_n be_v take_v out_o before_o it_o be_v dead_a can_v not_o recover_v in_o the_o free_a air._n experiment_n xvi_o may_v 2._o 78._o six_o week_n ago_o etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n be_v include_v in_o common_a air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 60_o digit_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n the_o mercury_n in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 15_o day_n be_v raise_v 1_o inch._n the_o spawn_n in_o common_a air_n be_v corrupt_a and_o blackish_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n remain_v unaltered_a a_o month_n after_o the_o spawn_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v turn_v into_o water_n except_o the_o black_a spot_n but_o have_v not_o alter_v its_o colour_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v very_o black_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n begin_v to_o be_v red_a which_o colour_n sensible_o increase_v may_v 22._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n june_n 23._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n have_v acquire_v a_o greenness_n octob._n 15._o that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v exhale_v out_o of_o its_o vessel_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v void_a of_o colour_n and_o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v still_o red_a experiment_n xvii_o may_v 9_o 78._o a_fw-la orange_n have_v be_v divide_v vacuo_fw-la orange_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o include_v in_o two_o receiver_n in_o which_o be_v leave_v a_o equal_a vacuity_n the_o capacity_n of_o the_o large_a be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n as_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o other_o i_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n be_v four_o time_n more_o mouldy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o orange_n be_v not_o touch_v by_o it_o june_n 15._o neither_o of_o the_o piece_n of_o the_o orange_n be_v mouldy_a and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v neither_o piece_n be_v mouldy_a in_o a_o month_n time_n the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o disposition_n in_o the_o air._n experiment_n xviii_o june_n 1._o 78._o a_o small_a glass_n tube_n wind-gun_n venice_n turpentine_n in_o a_o wind-gun_n half_a full_a of_o venice_n turpentine_n be_v put_v into_o the_o wind-gun_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o leather_n which_o cover_v the_o elliptic_a hole_n be_v drive_v out_o the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o i_o perceive_v several_a bubble_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o i_o suppose_v have_v be_v press_v into_o it_o when_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o gun_n have_v air_n compress_v in_o it_o therefore_o place_v the_o tube_n again_o in_o the_o gun_n i_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v condense_v to_o 15_o time_n as_o little_a compass_n june_n 3_o the_o turpentine_n be_v take_v out_o be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o by_o degree_n a_o great_a many_o be_v form_v in_o it_o june_n 4._o have_v free_v turpentine_n from_o its_o air_n and_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o i_o shut_v up_o all_o in_o the_o wind-gun_n june_n 8._o at_o the_o first_o sight_n both_o the_o water_n and_o turpentine_n be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o soon_o after_o they_o appear_v and_o ascend_v in_o the_o turpentine_n almost_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o air_n that_o form_v these_o bubble_n penetrate_v the_o water_n and_o most_o of_o the_o turpentine_n experiment_n xix_o aug._n 11._o 78._o when_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v clear_v of_o its_o bubble_n vacuo_fw-la file_n of_o copper_n and_o sp._n sal_fw-la armon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la i_o mix_v file_n of_o copper_n with_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o it_o yield_v several_a bubble_n they_o do_v not_o yield_v air_n but_o destroy_v what_o be_v contain_v there_o before_o the_o liquor_n be_v green_a and_o turbid_v decemb._n 5._o the_o spirit_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n get_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v in_o the_o receiver_n that_o which_o continue_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o water_n the_o mercury_n be_v whole_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o gage_n whence_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o air_n be_v gradual_o consume_v in_o the_o receiver_n experiment_n xx._n septemb_n 2._o 78._o a_o cylinder_n of_o tin_n and_o another_o of_o lead_n etc._n mercury_n raise_v in_o a_o tube_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v immerse_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o mercury_n and_o two_o other_o in_o mercury_n expose_v to_o common_a air._n sept._n 6._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tin_n cylinder_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o pipe_n be_v cut_v transvers_o half_o of_o that_o space_n above_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n the_o amalgama_n have_v penetrate_v into_o the_o metal_n half_a a_o line_n above_o and_o a_o whole_a one_o below_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n have_v not_o sensible_o penetrate_v into_o that_o metal_n except_o where_o it_o be_v immerse_v it_o be_v raise_v in_o it_o 2_o ½_n sept._n 7._o the_o mercury_n have_v ascend_v 5_o digit_n in_o the_o tin_n pipe_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n sept._n 10._o the_o same_o cylinder_n continue_n in_o the_o mercury_n be_v besmear_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n 6_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n which_o have_v penetrate_v the_o tube_n the_o deep_a by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n so_o that_o near_o the_o surface_n it_o have_v penetrate_v 3_o line_n deep_a the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o digit_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n nor_o have_v it_o make_v any_o sensible_a penetration_n so_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v little_a to_o the_o ascent_n of_o mercury_n into_o metal_n experiment_n xxi_o decemb._n 12._o 78._o the_o head_n of_o a_o whiting_n be_v cut_v off_o vacuo_fw-la a_o whiting_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o 5_o part_n one_o of_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la another_o in_o common_a air_n another_o in_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 50_o digit_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o four_o be_v include_v with_o air_n from_o paste_n the_o last_o piece_n be_v expose_v to_o open_v air._n decemb._n 15._o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n in_o the_o morning_n begin_v to_o shine_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n yield_v a_o light_n more_o vivid_v decemb._n 16._o it_o give_v over_o shine_v till_o evening_n dec._n 17._o it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 18._o at_o night_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 20._o it_o continue_v to_o shine_v dec._n 22._o it_o cease_v dec._n 23._o that_o include_v in_o common_a air_n begin_v to_o shine_v the_o 24._o it_o do_v not_o jan._n 26._o 79._o none_o of_o they_o shine_v article_n xii_o artificial_a air_n destroy_v experiment_n i._n august_n 3._o 77._o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n be_v transmit_v into_o a_o receiver_n full_a of_o common_a air_n destroy_v artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n destroy_v till_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n aug._n 4_o it_o sink_v to_o 23_o aug._n 6_o it_o sink_v to_o 20_o aug._n 7_o aug._n 8_o a_o little_a aug._n 10_o to_o 19_o ½_n experiment_n ii_o may_v 26._o 76._o destroy_v artificial_a air_n generate_v and_o destroy_v six_o grain_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n be_v let_v fall_v into_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o vacuo_fw-la there_o follow_v a_o great_a ebullition_n so_o that_o the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o it_o be_v usual_a height_n but_o present_o subside_v again_o may_v 27._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v
liquor_n out_o and_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 100_o inch_n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v whilst_o the_o air_n get_v out_o the_o peach_n turn_v as_o soft_a as_o a_o pultis_fw-la the_o taste_n of_o it_o be_v pleasant_a the_o other_o receiver_n be_v unaltered_a another_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n sept._n 26._o the_o mercury_n be_v 30_o digit_n high_o than_o usual_a sept._n 27._o it_o be_v 72._o sept._n 28._o it_o be_v 90._o liquor_n get_v out_o sept._n 30._o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n the_o liquor_n be_v all_o go_v octob._n 1_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o peach_n though_o soft_a taste_v pleasant_a octob._n 3_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o apple_n be_v contain_v be_v open_a all_o thing_n be_v much_o ferment_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o apple_n have_v get_v out_o the_o peach_n though_o soft_a taste_v pleasant_a fruit_n can_v long_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o air._n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 23._o 78._o apple_n pear_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n peach_n and_o crude_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o one_o receiver_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n and_o in_o another_o with_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v octob._n 1_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o apple_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o other_o have_v lose_v its_o wind_n one_o of_o the_o peach_n have_v lose_v its_o firmness_n both_o of_o they_o retain_v a_o grateful_a taste_n feb._n 5._o 79._o that_o which_o contain_v the_o apple_n seem_v unaltered_a the_o pulp_n and_o peach_n taste_v grateful_a but_o a_o little_a too_o pungent_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a ebullition_n experiment_n v._n sept._n 25._o 78._o apple_n pear_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n two_o butter_n pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o pulp_n of_o apple_n sept._n 26._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v unaltered_a octob._n 5_o it_o be_v 16_o octob._n 6_o it_o be_v 16_o †_o octob._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o †_o octob._n 29._o it_o subsided_a octob._n 26._o the_o receiver_n be_v crack_v one_o of_o the_o pear_n begin_v to_o rot_v the_o rest_n as_o well_o as_o the_o apple_n taste_v well_o experiment_n vi._n octob._n 1._o 78._o peach_n be_v include_v with_o pulp_n of_o apple_n in_o one_o receiver_n and_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v in_o another_o octob._n 5._o wine_n get_v out_o the_o mercury_n be_v 64._o digit_n high_a octob._n 6._o wine_n run_v out_o it_o be_v 70_o inch_n high_a oct._n 8._o all_o the_o wine_n run_v out_o it_o be_v 86_o high_a oct._n 12._o 86._o oct._n 18._o 86._o the_o other_o receiver_n which_o contain_v pulp_n of_o apple_n for_o those_o five_o day_n have_v lose_v some_o juice_n decemb._n 4_o the_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o apple_n be_v open_v several_a bubble_n break_v out_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n the_o peach_n be_v soft_a and_o pungent_a jun._n 28._o 79._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n stay_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o peach_v emit_v several_a bubble_n be_v wrinkle_a and_o a_o little_a alter_v in_o colour_n their_o taste_n be_v very_o pungent_a and_o a_o little_a acid_n experiment_n vii_o octob._n 4._o 78._o beer_n peach_n with_o wine_n and_o beer_n peach_n be_v shut_v in_o one_o receiver_n with_o wine_n in_o another_o with_o beer_n hop_v and_o in_o another_o with_o beer_n without_o hops_n octob._n 5._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o last_o be_v 15_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o second_o 10._o in_o the_o first_o 9_o octob._n 6._o in_o the_o last_o 25_o inch_n in_o the_o second_o 15._o in_o the_o first_o 20._o octob._n 8._o in_o the_o last_o 35._o second_o 15._o first_o 20._o octob._n 12._o in_o the_o last_o 63._o second_o 15._o first_o 28._o oct._n 15._o in_o the_o last_o 81._o second_o 15._o first_o 30._o oct._n 16._o no_o alteration_n at_o all_o 18._o it_o descend_v a_o little_a in_o all_o 22._o the_o ascent_n in_o the_o wine_n answer_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n octob._n 24._o in_o the_o last_o it_o be_v 96_o digit_n high_a second_o 15._o first_o 30._o oct._n 30._o in_o the_o last_o 115._o second_o 29._o first_o 30._o nou._n 3._o in_o the_o last_o 117._o second_o 20_o first_o 30._o oct._n 6._o in_o the_o last_o 120._o second_o 31._o first_o 31._o oct._n 11._o in_o the_o last_o 105._o second_o 31._o first_o 28._o cold_a wether_n nou._n 16._o the_o peach_n which_o be_v low_a in_o the_o middle_a receiver_n rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n the_o other_o remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n nou._n 25._o in_o the_o last_o 140._o the_o second_o 47._o first_o 32._o nou._n 28._o in_o the_o last_o 96._o second_o 36._o first_o 28._o very_a cold_a wether_n decemb._n 13._o in_o the_o last_o 96._o second_o 47._o first_o 33._o in_o the_o first_o the_o peach_n be_v firm_a and_o well_o colour_v it_o have_v borrow_a a_o taste_n from_o the_o wine_n which_o may_v be_v make_v grateful_a with_o sugar_n the_o wine_n be_v very_o palatable_a decemb._n 30._o in_o the_o last_o 96_o digit_n second_o 47._o the_o peach_n in_o the_o last_o when_o it_o be_v open_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n and_o bubble_v the_o taste_n which_o they_o have_v get_v from_o the_o sugar_n be_v make_v pleasant_a with_o it_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o ferment_v liquor_n may_v preserve_v fruit._fw-la experiment_n viii_o sept._n 5._o 78._o one_o peach_n whole_a and_o another_o cut_n be_v include_v with_o old_a wine_n in_o a_o receiver_n nou._n 20._o some_o of_o the_o wine_n run_v out_o nou._n 30._o a_o three_o part_n be_v lose_v decemb._n 8._o the_o wine_n be_v almost_o lose_v but_o what_o remain_v be_v pleasant_a the_o peach_n be_v much_o ferment_v and_o a_o grateful_a taste_n this_o compare_v with_o the_o first_o receiver_n in_o former_a exp._n show_v that_o wine_n hinder_v fermentation_n if_o in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n but_o here_o the_o peach_n take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n experiment_n ix_o octob._n 11._o 78._o a_o whole_a peach_n and_o another_o cut_n be_v include_v in_o hopped_a and_o fermented_a beer_n octob._n 12_o it_o be_v 3_o octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 15_o octob._n 16_o it_o be_v 15_o octob._n 18_o it_o be_v 12_o very_a cold_a octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 12_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 12_o x_o warm_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o nou._n 3_o it_o be_v low_a cold_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 28_o hot_a nou._n 8_o it_o be_v 33_o nou._n 11_o it_o be_v 40_o nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 40_o beer_n get_v out_o nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 46_o nou._n 19_o it_o be_v 43_o beer_n lose_v nou._n 20_o beer_n lose_v nou._n 23_o it_o be_v almost_o all_o lose_v the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o peach_n be_v soft_a yet_o of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n this_o exper._n compare_v with_o the_o second_o receiver_n exp._n vii_o show_v that_o beer_n in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n and_o fermentation_n of_o peach_n but_o here_o the_o peach_n take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n experiment_n x._o octob._n 19_o 78._o raw_a beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o stale_a beer_n beer_n beef_n with_o stale_a beer_n compress_v till_o the_o mercury_n rise_v 60_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n in_o another_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o beer_n uncompress_v and_o in_o a_o three_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a air._n octob._n 20._o in_o the_o first_o it_o sink_v 40_o digit_n in_o the_o second_o a_o little_a in_o the_o three_o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a octob._n 26._o in_o the_o first_o it_o ascend_v and_o descend_v irregular_o it_o ascend_v slow_o in_o the_o second_o in_o the_o three_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n oct._n 27._o a_o piece_n leave_v in_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o the_o first_o it_o descend_v nou._n 3._o in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v 20_o in_o the_o three_o 10_o digit_n high_a nou._n 5._o the_o two_o first_o do_v not_o stink_n but_o the_o flesh_n have_v get_v a_o taste_n from_o it_o and_o be_v boil_v in_o it_o be_v tender_a that_o include_v with_o common_a air_n stink_v but_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o again_o with_o air._n nou._n 6._o mercury_n be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n nou._n 11._o 8._o nou._n 25._o 20_o digit_n the_o flesh_n stink_v hence_o it_o appear_v that_o beer_n may_v preserve_v beef_n when_o compress_v for_o some_o time_n experiment_n xi_o nou._n 12._o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n salt_n beef_n with_o water_n and_o salt_n and_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o salt_n in_o one_o receiver_n in_o another_o with_o salt_n water_n compress_v till_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n in_o a_o three_o flesh_n and_o air_n
suspend_v by_o a_o wire_n in_o the_o neck_n in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n we_o find_v it_o dead_a and_o with_o much_o ado_n recover_v when_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v off_o the_o station_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o alter_v experiment_n ii_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o small_a bird_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o be_v sick_a and_o droop_a and_o in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v gradual_o increase_v it_o die_v the_o gage_n be_v not_o sensible_o alter_v experiment_n iii_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o defect_n of_o cold_a in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n that_o kill_v animal_n include_v in_o it_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v a_o small_a bird_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 3_o quart_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o minute_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a and_o pant_v and_o continue_v so_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o viol_n be_v immerse_v 6_o minute_n in_o water_n refrigerated_a with_o a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v not_o refresh_v it_o vomit_v and_o purge_v when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v to_o pant_v as_o before_o in_o a_o hour_n from_o her_o first_o imprisonment_n die_v title_n vi_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n to_o elevate_v steam_n of_o body_n it_o the_o usefulness_n of_o air_n to_o raise_v steam_n from_o body_n contiguous_a to_o it_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n carry_v off_o the_o fuliginous_a steam_n from_o the_o lung_n in_o respiration_n we_o prepare_v a_o red_a liquor_n consist_v of_o such_o saline_n and_o spirituous_a part_n as_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n yield_v this_o liquor_n well_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n though_o it_o be_v but_o half_a full_a emit_v no_o steam_n but_o when_o the_o external_n air_n come_v to_o it_o it_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o air_n may_v enable_v body_n to_o emit_v vapour_n in_o this_o liquor_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n worth_a our_o notice_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o viol_n have_v lie_v quiet_a and_o stop_v a_o competent_a time_n the_o upper_a part_n will_v appear_v void_a of_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o air_n will_v retain_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n which_o may_v help_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o air_n which_o will_v be_v clog_v with_o steam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n the_o second_o be_v that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o want_n of_o air_n though_o the_o bottle_n be_v unstop_v these_o exhalation_n will_v not_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n they_o rise_v up_o plentiful_o be_v draw_v out_o along_o with_o the_o air_n a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v this_o experiment_n have_v some_o affinity_n with_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n that_o be_v make_v with_o corrosive_a ingredient_n and_o this_o of_o medicine_n good_a for_o the_o lung_n title_n xvii_o of_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o our_o engin._n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la white_a snail_n without_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v store_n of_o bubble_n stick_v to_o they_o but_o they_o put_v out_o and_o draw_v in_o their_o horn_n at_o pleasure_n in_o some_o hour_n they_o become_v void_a of_o motion_n and_o tumid_a and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n seem_v like_o blow_a bladder_n the_o substance_n of_o their_o body_n be_v consume_v the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v together_o like_o two_o skin_n no_o sign_n of_o life_n appear_v experiment_n ii_o aneft_v be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n 48_o hour_n it_o seem_v swell_v in_o its_o belly_n it_o be_v under_o jaw_n move_v the_o first_o night_n but_o not_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v under_o water_n and_o half_o fill_v the_o animal_n be_v very_o much_o revive_v experiment_n iii_o a_o leech_n be_v include_v with_o a_o little_a water_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 12_o ounce_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o leech_n keep_v under_o water_n several_a bubble_n rise_v from_o distinct_a part_n of_o its_o body_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o much_o indispose_v it_o continue_v well_o five_o day_n by_o open_v the_o receiver_n under_o water_n i_o find_v that_o it_o have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n well_o exhaust_v title_n xviii_o of_o what_o happen_v to_o some_o creep_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n six_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o hour_n after_o vacuo_fw-la creep_v infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la move_v up_o and_o down_o 8_o hour_n after_o they_o seem_v quite_o dead_a but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o morning_n be_v alive_a experiment_n ii_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n to_o one_o we_o add_v the_o air_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o other_o receiver_n those_o which_o have_v air_n with_o they_o be_v alive_a two_o day_n the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v dead_a in_o a_o little_a time_n title_n xix_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n suggest_v by_o wing_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la winge_a infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la flesh-flies_a who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v include_v in_o a_o portable_a receiver_n furnish_v with_o a_o large_a pipe_n and_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o they_o lose_v their_o motion_n two_o hour_n after_o fire_v not_o be_v able_a to_o excite_v motion_n in_o they_o i_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v observe_v to_o move_v the_o next_o morning_n experiment_n ii_o several_a ordinary_a fly_n and_o a_o bee_n or_o wasp_n lay_v as_o if_o dead_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n except_o some_o which_o for_o a_o few_o minute_n be_v convulsive_a after_o 48_o hour_n they_o neither_o recover_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n nor_o the_o meridian_n sun_n experiment_n iii_o a_o great_a flesh_n fly_v be_v put_v into_o a_o portable_a receiver_n be_v very_o brisk_a and_o lively_a till_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v off_o but_o then_o be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o she_o recover_v but_o it_o be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v she_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o glass_n be_v stir_v and_o then_o she_o move_v a_o little_a the_o next_o night_n after_o neither_o heat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v recover_v she_o of_o a_o long_a time_n but_o at_o the_o last_o when_o she_o be_v well_o be_v shut_v up_o again_o 48_o hour_n and_o place_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n she_o grow_v so_o ill_a as_o to_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n iu._n a_o grass-hopper_n who_o body_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v first_o ply_v he_o be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o several_a liquid_a drop_n come_v from_o his_o abdomen_fw-la to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o spoonful_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v he_o fall_v on_o his_o back_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sunshine_n he_o move_v a_o little_a and_o soon_o after_o lay_v as_o dead_a 3_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o place_v after_o he_o seem_v dead_a half_n a_o hour_n some_o time_n in_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o recover_v experiment_n v._n a_o rose-flie_a be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n struggle_v much_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o in_o 6_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v four_o hour_n after_o the_o beetle_n be_v lively_a enough_o the_o receiver_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o animal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v much_o disquiet_v experiment_n vi._n several_a butterfly_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o fly_v in_o so_o thin_a a_o medium_fw-la but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v invert_v will_v fall_v from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o rude_o enough_o title_n xx._n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o small_a creature_n as_o aunt_n and_o even_a mite_n themselves_o animal_n air_n requisite_a to_o the_o life_n of_o very_a minute_n animal_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o seven_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v about_o 14_o
hour_n after_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o recover_v cheese_n which_o have_v a_o great_a many_o mite_n in_o it_o be_v convey_v into_o four_o several_a receiver_n three_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v the_o mite_n in_o the_o unexhausted_a receiver_n be_v alive_a a_o week_n in_o two_o of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n they_o seem_v dead_a and_o continue_v so_o four_o hour_n but_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o rush_v in_o 3_o day_n after_o several_a of_o they_o be_v revive_v and_o continue_v alive_a 2_o or_o 3_o day_n long_o in_o the_o other_o receiver_n mite_n which_o lay_v dead_a 3_o day_n recover_v present_o upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n vi_o the_o most_o considerable_a animadversion_n on_o mr._n hobbs_n problemata_fw-la de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la the_o first_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n problemata_fw-la de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la take_v notice_n of_o be_v this_o viz._n he_o say_v separate_v why_o contiguous_a marble_n be_v not_o easy_o separate_v if_o a_o vacum_fw-la interspersum_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o the_o air_n when_o two_o flat_a marble_n be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o each_o other_o superficies_n they_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v separate_v as_o move_v when_o separate_a in_o the_o open_a air._n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o there_o be_v several_a vacuity_n intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n yet_o notwithstanding_o since_o each_o of_o those_o particle_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o specific_a gravity_n and_o be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o uppermost_a marble_n whatever_o separate_v those_o two_o body_n must_v have_v a_o force_n able_a to_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o lean_v on_o it_o but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o each_o side_n of_o the_o marble_n have_v a_o equal_a pressure_n on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n there_o be_v require_v no_o more_o force_n to_o move_v it_o up_o and_o down_o than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o two_o marble_n can_v be_v separate_v sudden_o be_v because_o the_o air_n can_v instant_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o they_o yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v pull_v asunder_o and_o much_o more_o easy_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n where_o there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o succeed_v the_o space_n leave_v betwixt_o they_o upon_o their_o auulsion_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o force_n able_a to_o overcome_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o draw_v they_o asunder_o but_o only_o so_o much_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o overpower_v the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n another_o argument_n against_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n lay_v down_o in_o favour_n of_o a_o plenitude_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutgmeg_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o its_o stem_n we_o hold_v it_o in_o a_o flame_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o melt_v remove_v it_o into_o the_o open_a air_n where_o the_o bubble_n which_o be_v dilate_v in_o the_o flame_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v spring_v be_v press_v in_o on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n the_o rarefy_v air_n be_v condense_v and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n yet_o when_o the_o bubble_n be_v again_o convey_v into_o the_o flame_n the_o internal_a air_n expand_v plump_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o be_v again_o compress_v and_o bruise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n answer_v as_o when_o first_o repeat_v till_o at_o last_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o bubble_n have_v a_o hole_n make_v in_o it_o by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n may_v by_o be_v rarify_v and_o leave_v vacuity_n betwixt_o its_o rarefy_v part_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o and_o possess_v a_o large_a space_n and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v vacuity_n intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o that_o air_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v too_o sine_fw-la to_o admit_v external_n air_n or_o when_o the_o bubble_n be_v compress_v to_o give_v way_n for_o a_o egress_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o answer_v a_o second_o argument_n answer_v mr._n hobbs_n assert_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o receiver_n exhaust_v be_v full_a of_o air_n the_o first_o experiment_n here_o allege_v against_o he_o and_o which_o show_v that_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o considerable_a be_v this_o a_o pewter_n 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so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n rather_o depend_v on_o a_o want_n of_o air_n to_o press_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o overpower_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o which_o for_o want_v of_o such_o a_o pressure_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o water_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o examine_v mr._n hobbs_n explanation_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n examine_v mr._n hobbs_n explanation_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n have_v be_v elsewhere_o answer_v to_o what_o have_v be_v their_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n the_o torrecillian_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o straight_a tube_n we_o raise_v the_o pipe_n a_o little_a in_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o then_o convey_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n under_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o tie_v it_o firm_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o weight_n 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mercury_n so_o easy_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v rather_o penetrate_v than_o buoy_n it_o up_o suction_n the_o reason_n of_o suction_n to_o show_v in_o opposition_n to_o mr._n hobbs_n how_o much_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v concern_v in_o suction_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n who_o long_a stem_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o very_a slender_a and_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n expel_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o when_o by_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n that_o rarefy_v air_n which_o remain_v in_o it_o be_v condense_v the_o water_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o this_o be_v do_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v rarify_v it_o force_v out_o almost_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n only_o a_o few_o drop_n which_o satisfy_v we_o that_o none_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n have_v get_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n so_o low_o assure_v we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o 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cause_n of_o attraction_n by_o suction_n what_o attraction_n what_o suction_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o attraction_n before_o i_o descend_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v premise_v something_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o attraction_n be_v general_o take_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o pulsion_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o the_o same_o local_a motion_n in_o which_o if_o a_o body_n move_v precede_v the_o movent_fw-la or_o tend_v to_o acquire_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o we_o call_v it_o pulsion_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o motion_n the_o same_o body_n either_o follow_v or_o tend_v towards_o the_o movent_fw-la it_o be_v term_v attraction_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o physical_a one_o but_o only_o accidental_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o line_n of_o motion_n to_o the_o movent_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n draw_v a_o chain_n after_o 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proceed_v to_o consider_v exanune_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n as_o lay_v down_o by_o other_o exanune_v that_o species_n of_o it_o call_v suction_n for_o which_o several_a philosopher_n have_v think_v on_o various_a cause_n as_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o be_v it_o true_a water_n by_o suction_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o any_o height_n but_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v raise_v above_o 33_o ½_n foot_n which_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o further_o from_o a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o lay_v down_o where_o though_o water_n may_v present_o be_v suck_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pipe_n 3_o foot_n long_o yet_o
perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o immerse_v in_o water_n this_o do_v we_o cover_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o bay-salt_n upon_o which_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v condense_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o stem_n and_o stand_v a_o good_a while_n then_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n at_o its_o high_a station_n we_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o yield_v ℥_o 19_o and_o ʒuj_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o fill_v the_o stem_n up_o to_o the_o mark_n being_n ℥_o j_o and_o ʒiij_fw-la by_o which_o number_n the_o former_a be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n be_v 14_o 4_o 11_o drachm_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o two_o quantity_n be_v as_o 11_o to_o 158_o the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v be_v to_o it_o be_v former_a space_n as_o 147_o to_o 158_o so_o that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o condensation_n it_o be_v then_o capable_a of_o make_v it_o lose_v of_o its_o former_a extent_n 11_o 158._o n._n b._n first_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n ought_v to_o be_v long_o lest_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n shall_v rise_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o second_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v two_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o may_v by_o its_o weight_n in_o some_o measure_n hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o more_o and_o so_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o condense_v to_o its_o utmost_a three_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o it_o well_o can_v we_o observe_v it_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v alternate_o for_o a_o little_a time_n four_o the_o air_n may_v thus_o be_v further_o condense_v than_o by_o winter_n cold._n but_o to_o show_v that_o in_o the_o forego_v experiment_n the_o cold_a do_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n immediate_o but_o partly_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o by_o stuff_v up_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v and_o so_o to_o compress_v the_o air_n i_o take_v a_o 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of_o the_o admirable_o differ_v extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n rarefy_v and_o compress_v air._n the_o admirable_a different_a extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air._n the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n though_o cold_a will_v not_o condense_a it_o near_o into_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a to_o 70_o time_n that_o space_n second_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o more_o condense_v and_o rarify_v by_o our_o engine_n than_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a the_o proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o expansion_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 70._o but_o three_o perhaps_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o great_a as_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n must_v be_v extreme_o rare_a to_o conclude_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n together_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n may_v possess_v 520000_o time_n the_o space_n at_o one_o time_n that_o it_o do_v at_o another_o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o weaken_a spring_n and_o unheeded_a effect_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v of_o decemb._n 75._o to_o try_v whether_o as_o some_o corrosion_n of_o body_n in_o close_a vessel_n increase_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n so_o other_o may_v not_o weaken_v it_o and_o likewise_o to_o discover_v whether_o some_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n may_v not_o depend_v on_o some_o unheeded_a quality_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v make_v some_o trial_n the_o change_n of_o colour_n in_o solution_n of_o copper_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n copper_n change_v of_o colour_n in_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n file_n of_o crude_a copper_n be_v put_v into_o a_o crystal_n glass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o stand_v a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o file_n we_o cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o a_o stopple_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o copper_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_n but_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o colour_n and_o be_v clear_a again_o like_o common_a water_n but_o when_o by_o take_v out_o the_o stopple_n the_o liquor_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o first_o acquire_v a_o brown_a colour_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o penetrate_a deep_a into_o the_o liquor_n by_o degree_n it_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v whole_o tinge_v with_o a_o brown_a colour_n again_o and_o so_o it_o successive_o lay_v down_o and_o re-acquired_a that_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n till_o at_o the_o last_o be_v keep_v up_o a_o month_n it_o keep_v the_o brown_a colour_n it_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o air_n unaltered_a experiment_n ii_o a_o bottle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n with_o the_o former_a and_o which_o be_v much_o clear_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v but_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o close_v up_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a green_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o unstop_v 24_o hour_n the_o green_n be_v deep_a enough_o but_o not_o very_o transparent_a experiment_n iii_o about_o 3_o spoonful_n of_o the_o brown_a tincture_n of_o copper_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v ten_o time_n as_o much_o it_o retain_v its_o colour_n half_o a_o year_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o green_a in_o about_o a_o hour_n without_o the_o precipitation_n of_o any_o muddy_a sediment_n experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o
to_o be_v slight_v or_o sudden_o lay_v aside_o since_o several_a accident_n may_v intervene_v in_o the_o air_n on_o which_o those_o may_v depend_v as_o we_o know_v though_o tide_n general_o ebb_v and_o flow_v so_o as_o to_o answer_v the_o theory_n give_v of_o they_o yet_o by_o fierce_a wind_n and_o great_a land-flood_n the_o regular_a course_n of_o they_o have_v often_o be_v alter_v chap._n xviii_o a_o new_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n moisture_n the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o subject_n far_o less_o tender_a and_o curious_o contrive_v than_o man_n body_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n and_o usual_o a_o bad_a one_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o on_o several_a part_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v to_o receive_v such_o effluvium_n appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n that_o sheep_n leather_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o hygroscope_n plentiful_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o bladder_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v make_v impervious_a to_o urine_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o membranous_a part_n put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v make_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o twist_a gut_n of_o animal_n and_o even_o bones_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o human_a body_n will_v so_o far_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o swell_v considerable_o nor_o be_v animal_n body_n alone_o capable_a of_o have_v their_o pore_n penetrate_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n but_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o inanimate_a body_n and_o swell_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o polish_v marble_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o moist_a vapour_n as_o evident_o to_o sweat_v nay_o even_o the_o air_n itself_o be_v not_o without_o vapour_n and_o moist_a part_n disperse_v through_o it_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v fill_v a_o bottle_n with_o water_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n we_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n so_o many_o moist_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o this_o frigorifick_a mixture_n that_o they_o first_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o that_o scale_n preponderate_v and_o weigh_v a_o drachm_n more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n which_o show_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o moist_a vapour_n when_o they_o penetrate_v solid_a body_n it_o be_v no_o weak_a argument_n of_o their_o efficacy_n that_o we_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n the_o string_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v swell_v and_o break_v nor_o be_v it_o in_o considerable_a that_o door_n and_o door-case_n be_v so_o swell_v in_o rainy_n wether_n as_o to_o open_v and_o shut_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o uneasiness_n moisture_n marchasite_n burst_v by_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n to_o increase_v considerable_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o rainy_a wether_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o musical_a instrument_n to_o grow_v out_o of_o tune_n not_o only_o the_o wooden_a but_o the_o metalline_a pipe_n of_o organ_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v in_o wet_a wether_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rain_n but_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n marchasite_n have_v be_v swell_v and_o burst_v asunder_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v observe_v vitriolate_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o shine_a marchasite_n cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o external_a moisture_n on_o they_o and_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v some_o marchasitical_a substance_n that_o they_o have_v burst_v asunder_o whereupon_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n be_v generate_v within_o their_o substance_n than_o without_o to_o conclude_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o assist_v a_o virtuoso_fw-la to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o know_a measure_n of_o the_o mechanical_a force_n of_o the_o aerial_a moisture_n i_o cause_v a_o rope_n about_o 22_o yard_n long_o to_o be_v fasten_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n to_o a_o immovable_a body_n and_o then_o have_v fix_v a_o poultry_n to_o another_o stable_a body_n about_o 18_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a the_o rope_n lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n be_v betwixt_o both_o almost_o in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n but_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o rope_n which_o hang_v down_o from_o the_o poultry_n towards_o the_o ground_n be_v fix_v a_o weight_n of_o 50_o pound_n and_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o that_o a_o index_n which_o be_v place_v horizontal_o point_v to_o a_o board_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o inch_n that_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o better_a the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o it_o upon_o change_n of_o wether_n when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v i_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o rainy_a night_n the_o weight_n be_v raise_v five_o inch_n but_o the_o next_o day_n prove_v a_o dry_a day_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o before_o but_o a_o heavy_a weight_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a june_n four_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o quarter_n the_o hundred_o weight_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o sky_n be_v cloudy_a but_o without_o rain_n june_n 6_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v cloudy_a it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o observation_n be_v make_v it_o rise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n be_v considerable_a since_o the_o rope_n that_o by_o its_o assistance_n raise_v the_o weight_n be_v but_o about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v 3_o 10_o and_o 4_o decimal_a part_n of_o 1_o 10._o chap_n xix_o of_o some_o unheeded_a cause_n of_o the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n vapour_n the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a vapour_n among_o the_o several_a cause_n on_o which_o the_o salubrity_n and_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n most_o considerable_a which_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a nature_n but_o according_a to_o place_n and_o time_n according_a to_o place_n as_o they_o ascend_v from_o the_o superficial_a or_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n according_a to_o time_n such_o as_o ascend_v daily_o and_o may_v be_v term_v ordinary_a emission_n or_o only_o at_o distant_a time_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v term_v periodical_a and_o sometime_o fortuitous_a or_o irregular_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o distinction_n yet_o since_o nature_n offer_v her_o phaenomena_n not_o so_o distinct_a but_o confuse_o and_o together_o i_o shall_v sometime_o consider_v the_o terraqueous_a steam_n in_o the_o more_o general_a notion_n with_o reference_n to_o each_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o distinction_n but_o that_o i_o may_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v more_o distinct_o i_o shall_v lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n proceed_v under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o insalubrity_n of_o marish_a and_o the_o salubrity_n of_o sandy_a ground_n may_v depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la which_o act_n not_o mere_o or_o principal_o as_o they_o be_v moist_a or_o dry._n proposition_n i._n the_o first_o proposition_n be_v 1._o prop._n 1._o that_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o salubrity_n or_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n consider_v in_o general_a may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n due_a to_o subterraneal_a expiration_n especial_o to_o those_o i_o call_v ordinary_a emission_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o preserve_n of_o health_n either_o by_o promote_a respiration_n or_o by_o correct_v noxious_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o check_v morbific_a ferment_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n beside_o
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
observe_v it_o sensible_o cold_a when_o he_o be_v about_o a_o yard_n below_o the_o fast_a as_o miner_n call_v that_o solid_a earth_n which_o they_o distinguish_v from_o that_o loose_a earth_n that_o lie_v above_o it_o in_o which_o plant_n and_o tree_n spread_v their_o root_n they_o seldom_o reach_v to_o or_o penetrate_v into_o the_o fast_a though_o sometime_o it_o lie_v near_o enough_o the_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o exact_a relation_n of_o the_o pico_n teneriff_n teneriff_n a_o relation_n of_o mount_n teneriff_n the_o gentleman_n who_o give_v the_o follow_a account_n set_v out_o from_o oratava_n a_o town_n situate_v on_o the_o north_n side_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o 8_o hour_n get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o first_o mountain_n to_o ward_o the_o pico_n de_fw-fr terana_n from_o whence_o the_o company_n proceed_v over_o sandy_a and_o lofty_a mountain_n which_o be_v not_o cover_v with_o pine_n tree_n as_o the_o first_o 8_o hour_n passage_n be_v this_o way_n continue_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pico_n where_o they_o find_v very_o large_a stone_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v fall_v from_o some_o superior_a part._n bulk_n thought_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o stupendous_a bulk_n it_o be_v think_v by_o dr._n pugh_n that_o the_o whole_a soil_n in_o that_o island_n be_v sulphureous_a do_v take_v fire_n and_o most_o of_o it_o blow_v up_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o general_a conflagration_n he_o suppose_v those_o many_o mountain_n of_o calcine_v stone_n which_o lie_v up_o and_o down_o the_o island_n but_o especial_o the_o south-west_n part_v of_o it_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o sulphur_n lie_v about_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o island_n raise_v the_o pico_n to_o that_o height_n which_o it_o now_o remain_v at_o on_o the_o south-west_n side_n these_o calcine_v rock_n lie_v one_o upon_o another_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pico_n to_o the_o sea_n shore_n but_o very_o few_o on_o the_o north_n so_o that_o he_o suppose_v the_o vulcano_n chief_o discharge_v itself_o that_o way_n several_a of_o these_o calcine_v rock_n resemble_v iron_n over_o some_o silver_n and_o other_o copper_n especial_o in_o the_o south-west_n part_v call_v the_o azuleio_n there_o be_v vast_a quantity_n of_o a_o bluish_a earth_n intermix_v with_o blue_a stone_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o yellow_a rust_n like_o that_o of_o vitriol_n or_o copper_n and_o he_o be_v tell_v that_o a_o bell-founder_n of_o oratava_n get_v pure_a gold_n out_o of_o two_o horse_n load_v of_o earth_n and_o he_o be_v further_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o a_o lump_n of_o earth_n bring_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o silver_n about_o this_o mountain_n be_v likewise_o observe_v several_a vitriolate_a as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a and_o martial_a spring_n to_o confirm_v this_o notion_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o what_o he_o observe_v he_o allege_v that_o the_o very_a tract_n of_o the_o torrent_n of_o sulphur_n which_o run_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n be_v yet_o visible_a which_o do_v so_o much_o damage_n to_o the_o ground_n it_o flow_v upon_o that_o nothing_o but_o fern_n be_v able_a to_o grow_v upon_o it_o but_o what_o seem_v further_a to_o confirm_v his_o account_n be_v the_o instance_n of_o the_o palm_n island_n 15_o league_n from_o teneriff_n where_o upon_o the_o fire_n of_o a_o vulcano_n the_o earth_n shake_v terrible_o and_o the_o torrent_n of_o flame_a sulphur_n make_v as_o loud_a a_o noise_n as_o thunder_n and_o the_o light_n of_o it_o make_v the_o room_n as_o light_v all_o night_n for_o six_o week_n as_o if_o candle_n have_v be_v in_o they_o and_o the_o sand_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o wind_n like_o cloud_n but_o to_o proceed_v what_o be_v further_o observe_v by_o mr._n clappham_n and_o other_o who_o purposely_o ascend_v this_o mountain_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v get_v a_o mile_n in_o their_o ascent_n upon_o the_o pico_n some_o of_o they_o grow_v faint_a and_o sick_a several_a that_o ascend_v be_v take_v with_o flux_n and_o vomit_n and_o be_v aguish_a their_o horse_n and_o even_o their_o wine_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o be_v extreme_o cold_a when_o they_o have_v ascend_v a_o mile_n further_o they_o come_v to_o the_o black_a rock_n from_o whence_o they_o travel_v over_o a_o white_a sand_n so_o hot_a that_o it_o burn_v the_o skin_n of_o a_o dog_n foot_n who_o go_v up_o with_o dr._n pugh_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o top_n there_o be_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o ascend_v and_o continual_o which_o be_v so_o hot_a that_o they_o make_v their_o face_n sore_o and_o at_o a_o little_a distance_n appear_v like_o smoak_n there_o be_v little_a alteration_n in_o the_o wind_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o top_n where_o it_o be_v very_o impetuous_a the_o strong_a water_n there_o have_v lose_v their_o force_n but_o the_o wine_n seem_v rather_o more_o spirituous_a pico_n a_o account_n of_o the_o pico_n upon_o the_o top_n be_v a_o pit_n call_v caldera_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n which_o be_v about_o 80_o yard_n deep_a and_o a_o musquet-shot_a over_o it_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o loose_a stone_n sulphur_n and_o sand_n which_o be_v stir_v very_o offensive_a vapour_n be_v raise_v it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o go_v further_o than_o 4_o or_o 5_o yard_n into_o it_o because_o their_o foot_n be_v apt_a to_o slip_v from_o under_o they_o in_o the_o bottom_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o clear_a sulphur_n which_o look_v like_o salt_n upon_o the_o stone_n from_o hence_o they_o can_v see_v the_o grand_a canary_n palma_n and_o gomera_n and_o hiero_n 20_o league_n distant_a when_o the_o sun_n rise_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o mountain_n cover_v all_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o cast_v its_o shade_n into_o the_o cloud_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v high_a so_o many_o cloud_n be_v raise_v that_o we_o can_v see_v nothing_o but_o the_o emergent_a top_n of_o some_o mountain_n which_o to_o those_o that_o be_v below_o sometime_o seem_v to_o be_v wrap_v about_o the_o pico_n and_o upon_o north-west_n wind_n foretell_v a_o storm_n from_o the_o top_n of_o most_o of_o those_o mountain_n very_o exuberant_a spring_n issue_n out_o in_o great_a spout_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o sugar-loaf_n be_v a_o cave_n about_o 10_o yard_n deep_a and_o 15_o broad_a have_v a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n 8_o yard_n over_o opposite_a to_o which_o in_o the_o bottom_n be_v a_o round_a pit_n of_o water_n 6_o fathom_v deep_a who_o brink_n be_v about_o a_o yard_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o bed_n of_o ice_n which_o encircle_n it_o the_o orifice_n of_o which_o be_v as_o broad_a as_o the_o overture_n above_o so_o that_o those_o that_o descend_v into_o it_o be_v let_v down_o by_o a_o rope_n and_o swing_v to_o and_o fro_o that_o they_o may_v light_v upon_o the_o snow_n the_o water_n seem_v to_o be_v only_o melt_v ice_n from_o the_o top_n of_o this_o cave_n iceicles_a hang_v very_o plentiful_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o pico_n be_v account_v two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a etc._n tree_n and_o plant_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o the_o passage_n nothing_o but_o pine_n grow_v and_o among_o the_o white_a sand_n a_o bushy_a broom_n and_o where_o in_o their_o ascent_n they_o lay_v all_o night_n a_o sort_n of_o cardon_n who_o stem_n be_v eight_o foot_n high_a the_o trunk_n about_o half_a a_o foot_n thick_a every_o stem_n grow_v in_o four_o square_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o ground_n like_o tuff_n of_o rush_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o grow_v several_a red_a berry_n which_o by_o squeeze_v yield_v a_o poisonous_a milk_n which_o fetch_v the_o hair_n off_o where_o it_o light_v on_o the_o skin_n of_o any_o beast_n so_o that_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o euphorbium_n in_o this_o island_n there_o likewise_o grow_v a_o shrub_n call_v legnon-vell_a which_o be_v carry_v to_o england_n as_o a_o sweet-wood_n there_o be_v grow_v in_o this_o island_n also_o apricock_n &_o peach_n which_o bear_v twice_o a_o year_n very_o fruitful_a pear-tree_n almond_n of_o a_o tender_a shell_n palm_n plantanes_n orange_n lemon_n and_o especial_o pregnadas_n call_v so_o because_o each_o of_o they_o carry_v a_o small_a one_o in_o its_o belly_n beside_o these_o they_o have_v sugarcane_n cotton_n and_o coloquintida_n carnation_n and_o rose_n that_o blow_v at_o christmas_n sampire_n cover_v the_o rock_n and_o clover_n the_o ground_n and_o another_o grass_n grow_v near_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o a_o broad_a leaf_n and_o so_o luscious_a that_o it_o will_v kill_v a_o horse_n though_o no_o other_o cattle_n 8_o ear_n of_o wheat_n have_v be_v find_v to_o spring_v from_o one_o root_n and_o a_o bushel_n to_o yield_v 130
ingredient_n and_o leave_v the_o gold_n appear_v with_o its_o genuine_a colour_n three_o a_o liquor_n may_v alter_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o body_n either_o by_o destroy_v or_o subdivide_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o when_o wood_n be_v cut_v into_o chip_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o hot_a crystal_n quench_v in_o cold_a water_n for_o it_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v crack_v will_v not_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o before_o four_o a_o liquor_n may_v change_v the_o colour_n of_o another_o body_n by_o collect_v together_o part_n of_o matter_n scatter_v and_o disperse_v so_o quicksilver_n pour_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n acquire_v a_o thin_a film_n of_o a_o yellow_a golden_a colour_n and_o by_o a_o like_a method_n all_o those_o colour_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o precipitation_n be_v generate_v though_o resinous_n gum_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v unite_v into_o a_o mass_n again_o and_o so_o rectifyâ—d_v transparent_a butter_n of_o antimony_n upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o water_n precipitate_v that_o white_a substance_n which_o when_o its_o salt_n be_v wash_v off_o be_v call_v mercurius_n vitæ_fw-la a_o five_o way_n by_o which_o a_o liquor_n may_v alter_v the_o colour_n of_o another_o body_n be_v by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n as_o when_o quicksilver_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o a_o convenient_a heat_n metal_n be_v corrode_v or_o fruit_n be_v bruise_v or_o when_o the_o part_n of_o a_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o the_o affusion_n of_o another_o body_n or_o when_o chemical_a oil_n be_v shake_v in_o a_o bottle_n for_o the_o bubble_n by_o that_o mean_v raise_v will_v exhibit_v very_o lively_a colour_n another_o way_n be_v by_o put_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n into_o motion_n after_o which_o they_o may_v unite_v in_o a_o new_a form_n so_o vitriol_n rub_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n impart_v not_o any_o new_a colour_n to_o it_o but_o if_o the_o vitriol_n be_v moisten_v it_o will_v impart_v a_o true_a copper_n colour_n to_o the_o iron_n another_o way_n by_o which_o a_o new_a colour_n may_v be_v impart_v to_o a_o liquor_n be_v by_o a_o association_n of_o its_o saline_a part_n with_o those_o of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o work_v upon_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o superficial_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v alter_v both_o in_o shape_n and_o figure_n and_o not_o only_o a_o great_a number_n or_o a_o less_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o same_o space_n but_o the_o pore_n betwixt_o the_o protuberant_a part_n may_v be_v much_o straighten_a and_o the_o old_a one_o partly_o fill_v up_o as_o well_o as_o new_a one_o intercept_v as_o when_o quicksilver_n be_v dissolve_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la the_o saline_a part_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la associate_a themselves_o with_o the_o mercurial_a corpuscle_n will_v afford_v a_o green_a which_o afterward_o degenerate_v easy_o and_o so_o minium_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n yield_v a_o clear_a solution_n and_o if_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v drop_v upon_o a_o copper_n plate_n the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v corrode_v acquire_v a_o asperity_n and_o coagulate_v with_o the_o menstruum_fw-la form_n grain_n of_o blue_a vitriol_n whereas_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v produce_v a_o much_o deep_a blue_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o will_v give_v red_a lead_v a_o dark_a colour_n with_o crude_a lead_n will_v produce_v a_o white_a one_o with_o iron_n a_o red_a and_o upon_o white_a quill_n a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o that_o in_o chemical_a dissolution_n and_o precipitation_n the_o saline_a part_n of_o the_o body_n make_v use_v of_o to_o precipitate_v unite_v with_o metalline_a part_n they_o precipitate_v we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o believe_v if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o vitriol_n and_o the_o calces_fw-la of_o metal_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o metal_n themselves_o after_o what_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o concern_v the_o cause_n of_o change_n of_o colour_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o be_v that_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o vary_v colour_n speedy_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o help_n of_o liquor_n as_o in_o temper_v steel_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o particular_a requisite_a to_o be_v note_v be_v that_o though_o a_o change_n of_o colour_n may_v be_v effect_v any_o one_o of_o the_o way_n abovementioned_a yet_o general_o at_o least_o three_o of_o they_o be_v at_o once_o concern_v semidiaphanous_a several_a body_n general_o esteem_v opacous_a semidiaphanous_a from_o what_o we_o have_v be_v discourse_v of_o the_o asperity_n of_o body_n in_o cause_v a_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n one_o will_v think_v that_o the_o substance_n themselves_o be_v perfect_o opacous_a and_o impenetrable_a by_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o so_o contribute_v to_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o those_o body_n which_o we_o call_v insensible_a be_v compound_v of_o part_n still_o more_o minute_n who_o commissure_n be_v not_o utter_o impervious_a to_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o that_o the_o body_n compound_v of_o those_o be_v in_o some_o degree_n diaphanous_a for_o in_o a_o dark_a room_n where_o the_o light_n be_v only_o permit_v to_o enter_v at_o one_o hole_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o those_o mote_n which_o be_v otherwise_o insensible_a in_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n will_v represent_v several_a vivid_n and_o florid_n colour_n like_o those_o of_o a_o rainbow_n or_o of_o sparkle_a fragment_n of_o diamond_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o position_n which_o they_o have_v at_o that_o time_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n be_v lose_v they_o cease_v to_o represent_v those_o colour_n though_o still_o remain_v visible_a so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o small_a fragment_n of_o matter_n common_o repute_v opacous_a do_v not_o bare_o reflect_v but_o also_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o phaenomenon_n altogether_o to_o be_v slight_v that_o water_n though_o a_o diaphanous_a body_n have_v a_o manifest_a power_n in_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n so_o that_o by_o pass_v through_o it_o they_o represent_v the_o lively_a colour_n of_o a_o rainbow_n and_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o several_a body_n which_o be_v general_o esteem_v opacous_a appear_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n transparent_a when_o they_o be_v reduce_v into_o thin_a part_n and_o interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o powerful_a light_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o thin_a plate_n of_o ivory_n thick_a leave_n of_o tree_n shell_n of_o fish_n and_o shave_n of_o wood._n and_o in_o a_o darken_a room_n i_o find_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o my_o hand_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n transparent_a when_o it_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o come_v in_o at_o a_o small_a hole_n and_o not_o only_o white_a marble_n 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have_v be_v deliver_v it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o though_o colour_n which_o be_v evanid_v and_o last_v but_o for_o a_o while_n as_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n and_o all_o emphatical_a colour_n be_v general_o distinguish_v from_o true_a and_o genuine_a one_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o latter_a be_v produce_v by_o reflection_n and_o these_o proceed_v from_o refraction_n yet_o since_o we_o usual_o account_v all_o echo_n genuine_a sound_n and_o all_o smell_v true_a smell_v in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v real_a object_n of_o the_o respective_a sensory_n they_o affect_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o may_v conclude_v these_o emphatical_a colour_n genuine_a since_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n equal_o affect_v our_o sensory_a for_o the_o time_n and_o though_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o continuance_n have_v be_v offer_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o not_o be_v genuine_a by_o the_o same_o rule_n we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o grass_n be_v not_o genuine_a 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and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o virginian_a flower_n which_o seldom_o continue_v long_o than_o a_o day_n and_o that_o the_o bare_a disposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n by_o which_o it_o be_v say_v to_o reflect_v or_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v different_a colour_n be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o cloth_n hold_v in_o several_a position_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o various_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n but_o it_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n traject_v through_o a_o prismatical_a glass_n represent_v a_o lively_a and_o vivid_v rainbow_n upon_o any_o body_n upon_o which_o they_o terminate_v which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n place_v in_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o viz._n whether_o above_o or_o below_o or_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o though_o when_o the_o prism_n be_v take_v away_o the_o rainbow_n disappear_v yet_o nevertheless_o the_o light_n for_o the_o time_n be_v true_o 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that_o blackness_n depend_v on_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n and_o gassendus_fw-la who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v attempt_v to_o explain_v the_o contrary_a colour_n viz._n whiteness_n mechanical_o give_v we_o the_o follow_a account_n cogites_n velim_fw-la say_v he_o lucem_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o diaphano_n nullius_fw-la coloris_fw-la videri_fw-la whiteness_n a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o whiteness_n sed_fw-la in_o opaco_fw-la terminante_fw-la candicare_fw-la ac_fw-la tanto_fw-la magis_fw-la quanto_fw-la densior_fw-la seu_fw-la collectior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la deinde_fw-la aquam_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la quidem_fw-la coloris_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la candidi_fw-la &_o radium_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la reflexum_fw-la versus_fw-la oculum_fw-la candicare_fw-la rursus_fw-la eum_fw-la plana_fw-la aquae_fw-la superficies_n non_fw-la nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la eam_fw-la reflectionem_fw-la faciat_fw-la si_fw-la contigerit_fw-la tamen_fw-la illam_fw-la in_o aliquot_fw-la bullas_fw-la intumescere_fw-la bullam_fw-la unamquamque_fw-la reflectionem_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o candoris_fw-la speciem_fw-la creare_fw-la certa_fw-la superficiei_fw-la parte_fw-la ad_fw-la haec_fw-la spumam_fw-la ex_fw-la aqua_fw-la pura_fw-la non_fw-la alia_fw-la ratione_fw-la videri_fw-la candescere_fw-la &_o albescere_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la congery_n confertissima_fw-la minutissimarum_fw-la bullarum_fw-la quarum_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la suum_fw-la radium_fw-la reflectir_n unde_fw-la continens_fw-la candour_n alborve_fw-la apparet_fw-la denique_fw-la nivem_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la videri_fw-la quam_fw-la speciem_fw-la purissimae_fw-la spumae_fw-la ex_fw-la bullulis_fw-la quam_fw-la minutissimis_fw-la &_o confertissimis_fw-la cohaerentis_fw-la sed_fw-la ridiculum_fw-la exhibeam_n si_fw-la tale_n meas_fw-la nugas_fw-la uberius_fw-la proponem_fw-la but_o though_o this_o account_v be_v ingenious_a enough_o yet_o i_o shall_v to_o render_v it_o more_o full_a add_v that_o whiteness_n consider_v as_o a_o quality_n in_o the_o object_n depend_v on_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v so_o range_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n not_o upon_o one_o another_o but_o upon_o the_o spectator_n eye_n and_o that_o too_o bare_o by_o reflect_v they_o as_o a_o looking-glass_n do_v without_o refraction_n for_o in_o most_o other_o colour_n they_o be_v so_o range_v as_o either_o to_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o reflect_a light_n or_o to_o vary_v it_o with_o shade_n but_o in_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a to_o represent_v the_o body_n white_a it_o be_v not_o only_o requisite_a that_o the_o reflect_a beam_n shall_v be_v unaltered_a but_o likewise_o that_o they_o shall_v almost_o all_o be_v reflect_v back_o so_o that_o some_o of_o they_o face_v one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o they_o may_v obvert_fw-la themselves_z to_o the_o eye_n on_o which_o side_n soever_o it_o be_v place_v to_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o midday_n in_o clear_a wether_n be_v much_o more_o near_o to_o a_o whiteness_n than_o when_o stain_v by_o sublunary_a body_n and_o than_o when_o near_o the_o horizon_n where_o its_o ray_n have_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o atmospherical_a part_n of_o matter_n to_o pass_v through_o and_o water_n itself_o the_o more_o it_o be_v shine_v on_o appear_v to_o be_v much_o white_a to_o the_o spectator_n and_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o sun_n when_o cover_v with_o a_o white_a cloud_n have_v appear_v in_o the_o water_n to_o be_v not_o red_a but_o white_a and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o smith_n that_o iron_n which_o when_o moderate_o hot_a appear_v red_a when_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o ignition_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v white_a so_o those_o that_o have_v weak_a eye_n complain_v of_o too_o great_a a_o reflection_n of_o 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so_o great_a that_o in_o muscovy_n and_o russia_n they_o find_v the_o snow_n to_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v see_v much_o far_o upon_o snowy_a ground_n than_o we_o here_o in_o england_n where_o no_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o they_o can_v see_v their_o way_n by_o the_o bare_a reflection_n of_o the_o snow_n when_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o shine_v though_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o effect_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n proceed_v from_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n cleanse_v of_o those_o steam_n which_o sometime_o darken_v it_o since_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o be_v able_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n to_o discern_v more_o star_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o that_o white_a body_n reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n most_o plentiful_o and_o have_v no_o native_a light_n of_o their_o own_o appear_v since_o snow_n enclose_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n be_v not_o at_o all_o 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numerous_a and_o minutely_o divide_v it_o appear_v more_o or_o less_o white_a which_o experiment_n will_v likewise_o succeed_v if_o try_v with_o a_o yellow_a mixture_n of_o crude_a turpentine_n instead_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o likewise_o with_o a_o oil_n die_v green_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o copper_n and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n the_o water_n which_o be_v carry_v over_o with_o oil_n distil_v in_o a_o alembick_a appear_v white_a as_o long_o as_o the_o globular_a particle_n of_o oil_n swim_v in_o it_o and_o hot_a water_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v considerable_o white_a and_o opacous_a when_o the_o hot_a vapour_n disper_v through_o it_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o fly_v from_o it_o more_o plentiful_o upon_o the_o eye_n so_o that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o white_a body_n may_v as_o well_o be_v convex_a as_o smooth_a provide_v the_o superficies_n be_v so_o set_v with_o specular_a particle_n as_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n plentiful_o upon_o the_o eye_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o the_o globular_a particle_n of_o oil_n make_v the_o water_n they_o be_v mix_v with_o appear_v white_a but_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v likewise_o reflect_v from_o powder_a glass_n and_o even_o several_a thread_n of_o it_o lay_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o requisite_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o white_a body_n shall_v be_v altogether_o globular_a and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o snow_n look_v upon_o with_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o consist_v of_o slender_a icicle_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o by_o contusion_n i_o have_v obtain_v a_o whitish_a powder_n of_o granate_n glass_n of_o antimony_n and_o emerald_n and_o the_o salt_n of_o venereal_a vitriol_n powder_a will_v comparative_o with_o the_o entire_a crystal_n exhibit_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n and_o as_o a_o body_n which_o be_v not_o white_a may_v acquire_v that_o colour_n by_o a_o change_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n so_o one_o that_o be_v white_a may_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o colour_n thus_o silver_n be_v first_o brush_v and_o then_o boil_a with_o salt_n and_o tartar_n appear_v white_a but_o become_v specular_a by_o be_v rub_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n the_o protuberant_a part_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v depress_v into_o a_o continue_a superficies_n and_o reflect_v the_o image_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n whereas_o before_o the_o innumerable_a little_a speculae_fw-la reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n more_o confuse_o blackness_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—chaâ—…_n acâ—_n of_o blackness_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o whiteness_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o guess_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o blackness_n concern_v which_o quality_n gassendus_fw-la say_v existimare_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la corpora_fw-la suapte_v natura_fw-la nigra_fw-la constare_fw-la ex_fw-la particulis_fw-la quarum_fw-la superficicculae_fw-la scabrae_fw-la sunt_fw-la nec_fw-la facilè_fw-la lucem_fw-la extrorsum_fw-la reflectunt_fw-la so_o that_o black_a differ_v from_o white_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o particle_n which_o be_v reflect_v external_o by_o the_o one_o be_v deaden_v by_o the_o other_o and_o not_o reflect_v outward_a either_o because_o the_o superficies_n have_v such_o protuberant_a part_n as_o reflect_v the_o ray_n internal_o or_o be_v soft_a and_o pliable_a yield_v to_o the_o impress_n of_o those_o lucid_a part_n that_o strike_v against_o they_o so_o a_o ball_n that_o will_v fly_v back_o from_o a_o stone_n will_v scarce_o at_o all_o rebound_v from_o a_o net_n or_o mud_n though_o the_o latter_a explication_n i_o think_v the_o less_o propable_a because_o several_a body_n be_v black_a who_o surface_n be_v scarce_o of_o so_o yield_v a_o texture_n
division_n of_o they_o experiment_n xxv_o ripe_a privet_fw-la berry_n be_v crush_v upon_o white_a paper_n stain_v it_o with_o a_o purple_a yet_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a and_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n green_a and_o so_o will_v meserion_n and_o the_o juice_n of_o pease_n from_o whence_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n before_o premised_a it_o appear_v that_o the_o saline_n part_v of_o body_n have_v a_o considerable_a stroke_n in_o produce_v their_o colour_n experiment_n xxvi_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v upon_o several_a substance_n already_o red_a as_o syrup_n of_o clove-july-flower_n berry_n of_o spina_n cervina_fw-la a_o infusion_n of_o red_a rose_n brasil_n and_o several_a other_o it_o either_o make_v no_o alteration_n or_o render_v the_o red_a light_a a_o infusion_n of_o rose_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dirty_a colour_n by_o a_o affusion_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o syrup_n of_o clove_n be_v render_v a_o little_a more_o incline_v to_o green_n another_o red_a infusion_n be_v advance_v into_o a_o crimson_a but_o the_o juice_n of_o buckthorn-berry_n acquire_v a_o lovely_a green_n experiment_n xxvii_o spirit_n of_o salt_n have_v a_o very_a small_a effect_n upon_o the_o juice_n of_o jasmin_n but_o spirit_n of_o urine_n turn_v it_o to_o a_o greenish_a yellow_n and_o the_o event_n be_v much_o the_o same_o when_o we_o try_v it_o with_o those_o less_o oily_a leave_n call_v snow_n drop_v which_o appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n experiment_n xxviii_o marigold_n leave_v fresh_o mad_a and_o early_a primrose_n etc._n etc._n be_v rub_v upon_o paper_n till_o they_o colour_a it_o they_o will_v be_v turn_v red_a or_o green_n by_o alkalized_a liquor_n though_o so_o acid_n a_o salt_n as_o the_o spirit_n of_o it_o rather_o dilute_v they_o yet_o it_o almost_o destroy_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o early_a primrose_n and_o a_o alkalizate_a solution_n turn_v the_o juice_n of_o mad_a root_n red_a as_o well_o as_o the_o bruise_a root_n itself_o from_o whence_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o peculiar_a salt_n upon_o the_o juice_n of_o vegetable_n depend_v on_o their_o particular_a texture_n experiment_n xxix_o a_o black-berry_n full_a ripe_a and_o another_o only_a red_a be_v rub_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n the_o juice_n of_o the_o former_a be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a by_o a_o lixivium_n and_o one_o much_o faint_a by_o a_o urinous_a salt_n and_o by_o a_o acid_n into_o a_o red._n but_o the_o unripe_a berry_n be_v little_o alter_v by_o the_o acid_n but_o by_o the_o other_o juice_n receive_v impression_n different_a from_o the_o former_a damask_n rose_n will_v be_v colour_v red_a by_o a_o acid_n and_o green_a by_o a_o alkaly_n but_o a_o yellow_a province_n rose_n by_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a bluish_a tincture_n but_o a_o acid_n only_o dilute_v the_o yellowness_n of_o the_o leave_n and_o be_v i_o in_o the_o island_n of_o banda_n i_o shall_v try_v what_o effect_n these_o salt_n will_v have_v on_o the_o juice_n of_o clove_n which_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v first_o white_n then_o green_a and_o afterward_o reddish_n and_o when_o dry_v grow_v black_a but_o the_o flower_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o a_o excellent_a blue_n and_o one_o thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o notice_n be_v that_o though_o damask_n as_o well_o as_o red_a rose_n give_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o water_n acidulate_v yet_o the_o one_o have_v a_o purgative_a and_o the_o other_o a_o bind_a quality_n and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v under_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o mr._n parkinson_n tell_v we_o that_o buckthorn_n berry_n gather_v green_a and_o bruise_v into_o allum-water_n yield_v a_o yellow_a when_o they_o be_v black_a they_o yield_v a_o sap_n green_n and_o if_o they_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n they_o yield_v a_o purple_a colour_n and_o clusius_n of_o alaternus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o grosser_n part_n of_o some_o plant_n differ_v in_o colour_n from_o each_o other_o for_o the_o portugal_n dye_n their_o net_n blow_v with_o a_o bark_n and_o blackish_a blue_a with_o the_o wood._n experiment_n xxx_o to_o show_v that_o a_o change_n of_o colour_n depend_v on_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o philosophical_a egg_n it_o will_v by_o digestion_n pass_v through_o several_a degree_n of_o colour_n before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o noble_a elixir_n and_o that_o several_a substance_n will_v undergo_v change_n of_o colour_n by_o digestion_n be_v evident_a in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n precipitation_n of_o amalgamas_n of_o gold_n and_o mercury_n without_o addition_n where_o by_o a_o continue_a heat_n the_o silver-coloured_a amalgama_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o shine_a red_a powder_n which_o effect_n be_v produce_v without_o a_o addition_n or_o substraction_n of_o matter_n by_o the_o bare_a change_n of_o texture_n experiment_n xxxi_o in_o most_o tincture_n which_o the_o chemist_n draw_v redness_n be_v the_o common_a colour_n as_o well_o as_o in_o more_o gross_a solution_n though_o the_o menstruum_n be_v colourless_a as_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n from_o jalap_n guajacum_fw-la amber_n and_o benzoin_n flower_n of_o brimstone_n turpentine_n etc._n etc._n and_o most_o acid_n or_o alkalizate_a salt_n will_v with_o sulphureous_a body_n produce_v a_o red_a and_o so_o will_v glass_n of_o antimony_n and_o i_o know_v a_o acid_n which_o will_v turn_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o red._n experiment_n xxxii_o though_o balsam_n of_o sulphur_n seem_v red_a as_o well_o as_o other_o liquor_n in_o a_o broad_a vessel_n yet_o it_o stain_v paper_n yellow_a but_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochenele_n never_o so_o much_o dilute_v will_v still_o remain_v red._n experiment_n xxxiii_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n digest_v upon_o white_a sugar_n of_o lead_n yield_v a_o red_a tincture_n experiment_n xxxiv_o if_o 5_o ounce_n of_o brimstone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n with_o 6_o ounce_n of_o quicklime_n in_o a_o sand-heat_a gradual_o increase_v a_o volatile_a tincture_n of_o sulphur_n will_v be_v obtain_v which_o be_v red_a though_o none_o of_o the_o ingredient_n be_v so_o yet_o if_o agitate_a when_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v unstop_v it_o will_v yield_v a_o white_a fume_v and_o sometime_o it_o may_v be_v so_o draw_v that_o though_o the_o fume_n be_v white_a yet_o the_o liquor_n will_v die_v the_o finger_n black_a experiment_n xxxv_o we_o let_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n fall_v upon_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n coagulate_v and_o spread_v upon_o white_a paper_n by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o red_a colour_n produce_v with_o heat_n and_o smoke_n experiment_n xxxvi_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o experiment_n above_o recite_v be_v that_o though_o the_o colour_n mention_v be_v easy_o produce_v yet_o some_o of_o they_o present_o fade_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n or_o the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o part_n and_o parkison_n tell_v we_o that_o berry_n of_o that_o plant_n which_o bear_v turnsol_n a_o pigment_n well_o know_v in_o painter_n shop_n when_o they_o be_v at_o their_o full_a maturity_n yield_v a_o juice_n which_o be_v rub_v upon_o paper_n appear_v green_a but_o present_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bluish_a purple_n upon_o the_o cloth_n or_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v wet_a in_o water_n and_o wring_v forth_o will_v give_v it_o a_o claret_n colour_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o red_a colour_n of_o buckthorn_n berry_n degenerate_a into_o a_o dirty_a grey_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o alkaly_n or_o a_o acid_n it_o will_v put_v on_o a_o green_a or_o red_a colour_n and_o the_o same_o success_n we_o have_v when_o we_o drop_v the_o same_o liquor_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o glaze_v tile_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o silver_n precipitate_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la though_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v white_a yet_o when_o upon_o a_o decantation_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o superficies_n become_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o present_o turn_v blackish_a and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sort_n of_o pear_n which_o will_v give_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o wine_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v keep_v upon_o white_a salt_n of_o tartar_n acquire_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o thing_n and_o also_o why_o all_o body_n burn_v in_o the_o open_a air_n almost_o be_v black_a i_o shall_v leave_v to_o pyrophilus_n to_o inquire_v experiment_n xxxvii_o spirit_n of_o salt_n pour_v on_o a_o solution_n of_o cochinele_n or_o the_o juice_n of_o black_a cherry_n render_v their_o colour_n clear_a but_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n yellow_a the_o acid_n liquor_n in_o
both_o weaken_n the_o spirit_n on_o which_o it_o fall_v for_o as_o crimson_a be_v a_o red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_a so_o yellow_a be_v but_o a_o dilate_a red_a and_o therefore_o alkalizated_a salt_n will_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o infusion_n of_o cochinele_n and_o brasil_n to_o crimson_a but_o will_v turn_v the_o yellow_a juice_n of_o mad_a red_n and_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n to_o a_o crimson_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o blue_a and_o purple_a seem_v to_o be_v deep_a colour_n than_o red_a and_o therefore_o the_o juice_n of_o plant_n of_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a colour_n may_v be_v turn_v red_a by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la yet_o syrup_n of_o violet_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o contrary_a turn_v green_a by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v a_o more_o dilute_a colour_n than_o blow_v experiment_n xxxviii_o salt_n distil_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o operation_n yield_v red_a fume_n and_o vitriol_n though_o green_a or_o blue_a come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o several_a other_o concretes_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o soot_n have_v fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o white_a fume_n yet_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v red_a nor_o that_o of_o vitriol_n or_o soot_n white_a and_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o wood_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o black_a and_o red_a and_o though_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o plant_n yet_o the_o distil_a liquor_n vary_v not_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o sublimation_n that_o the_o flower_n differ_v much_o in_o colour_n from_o the_o fume_n that_o compose_v they_o as_o red_a benzoin_n yield_v white_a flower_n and_o antimony_n afford_v flower_n some_o of_o they_o red_a and_o some_o grace_n and_o some_o of_o they_o pure_o white_a and_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o some_o glass_n man_n to_o make_v a_o blue_a sublimate_n of_o a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o brimstone_n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o orpiment_n which_o be_v a_o yellow_a substance_n yield_v a_o sublimate_n among_o which_o several_a red_a fume_n ascend_v and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sublimate_n who_o low_a part_n be_v set_v with_o red_a particle_n which_o glitter_v pretty_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o if_o good_a spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o tincture_n or_o a_o infusion_n of_o the_o flower_n of_o pomegranate_n the_o red_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a colour_n but_o by_o spirit_n of_o sea-slat_n it_o will_v become_v come_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n which_o red_a may_v be_v ture_v into_o a_o dirty_a green_n by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n wherein_o leave_v of_o senna_n be_v immerse_v it_o present_o appear_v red_a but_o the_o same_o will_v not_o happen_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o red_a rose_n leave_v be_v put_v in_o warm_a water_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o but_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n only_o hasten_v the_o tincture_n of_o the_o senna_n since_o the_o leave_n in_o a_o night_n time_n will_v yield_v a_o tincture_n in_o cold_a water_n which_o will_v not_o be_v heighten_v by_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o red_a rose_n leave_v that_o the_o tincture_n be_v rather_o extract_v than_o produce_v by_o the_o oil_n yet_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o extract_v the_o tincture_n the_o one_o will_v not_o do_v what_o the_o other_o will_v but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v do_v as_o well_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o upon_o the_o red_a tincture_n of_o rose_n decant_v you_o drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o shake_v the_o viol_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o greenish_a blue_n which_o be_v observable_a since_o the_o turn_n of_o red_a into_o blue_a be_v a_o very_a unfrequent_a observation_n and_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o red_a tincture_n to_o a_o blue_a if_o it_o be_v take_v as_o the_o liquor_n be_v dropp'n_a in_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o pretty_a variety_n of_o colour_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o represent_v the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o tincture_n be_v very_o high_a the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v turn_v it_o to_o a_o deep_a opacous_a blue_a but_o the_o liquor_n be_v leave_v open_a two_o or_o three_o day_n both_o the_o blue_a and_o the_o red_a colour_n vanish_v the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o amber_n colour_n and_o have_v a_o feculent_a sediment_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v form_v of_o the_o rose_n draw_v together_o by_o the_o acid_n and_o precipitate_v by_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n in_o who_o room_n other_o sulphureous_a salt_n may_v be_v substitute_v and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n it_o present_o turn_v the_o red_a liquor_n into_o a_o purple_a one_o but_o if_o the_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n be_v impregnate_v with_o acid_a spirit_n of_o salt_n it_o will_v yield_v neither_o a_o red_a nor_o a_o purple_a but_o a_o yellow_a liquor_n experiment_n xl._n to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la and_o again_o destroy_v we_o drop_v oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o deep_a orange_n colour_n but_o upon_o drop_v in_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o continue_v to_o shake_v the_o glass_n strong_o the_o whole_a will_n present_o become_v transparent_a again_o in_o which_o the_o colour_n result_v from_o a_o coalition_n of_o the_o mercurial_a particle_n with_o the_o saline_a one_o and_o with_o the_o alkalizate_a particle_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o oil_n but_o how_o these_o unite_n come_v to_o form_v such_o a_o substance_n as_o reflect_v such_o a_o colour_n i_o confess_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o explain_v but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o precipitate_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v sublime_v together_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o sublimate_n and_o dissolve_v the_o ascend_a flower_n in_o water_n and_o siltre_v it_o the_o limpid_a liquor_n turn_v white_a upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o a_o alkaly_n and_o not_o yellow_a and_o not_o only_o by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o by_o vary_v the_o precipitate_v liquor_n the_o success_n of_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v different_a for_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n the_o precipitate_v will_v be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o former_a and_o from_o quicksilver_n itself_o without_o sublimate_n we_o may_v prepare_v a_o pricipitate_a dissoluble_a in_o water_n without_o discolour_v it_o and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o composition_n that_o though_o in_o our_o experiment_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n destroy_v the_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n we_o may_v make_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o water_n alone_o and_o i_o the_o rather_o employ_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o such_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o void_a of_o colour_n but_o strong_a and_o incisive_a for_o notwithstanding_o common_a and_o undephlegm_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o effect_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o be_v careful_o dephlegm_v it_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n answer_v expectation_n but_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o though_o by_o drop_v in_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n successive_o the_o liquor_n will_v regain_v and_o lose_v its_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o liquor_n grow_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o successive_a additional_a drop_n the_o yellow_a colour_n will_v gradual_o appear_v more_o faint_a a_o improvement_n of_o the_o forty_o experiment_n if_o crude_a antimony_n be_v boil_v in_o a_o strong_a lixivium_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o sulphureous_a sediment_n which_o will_v settle_v in_o yellow_a flake_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o take_v fire_n than_o the_o powder_n of_o antimony_n therefore_o consider_v that_o sulphur_n boil_v in_o a_o lixivium_n may_v be_v precipitate_v by_o rhenish_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o acid_v i_o can_v precipitate_v other_o sulphureous_a
concretes_n out_o of_o lixiviate_v solvent_n such_o as_o crude_a antimony_n and_o though_o common_a sulphur_n yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v call_v lac_n sulphuris_fw-la yet_o i_o conclude_v that_o antimony_n will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a one_o as_o well_o by_o be_v make_v by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n as_o length_n of_o time_n wherefore_o i_o put_v a_o fresh_a solution_n of_o antimony_n into_o one_o glass_n and_o some_o of_o the_o orange_n colour_v mixture_n into_o another_o where_o by_o drop_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n into_o the_o latter_a it_o will_v become_v transparent_a whereas_o the_o same_o oil_n will_v turn_v the_o other_o clear_a solution_n into_o a_o deep_a yellow_a but_o in_o this_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o solution_n of_o antimony_n must_v be_v fresh_a otherwise_o in_o winter_n it_o will_v scarce_o succeed_v reflection_n on_o the_o xl_o experiment_n compare_v with_o the_o x_o and_o xx._n though_o the_o x_o and_o xx_o experiment_n show_v how_o acid_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o urinous_a and_o alkalizate_a salt_n yet_o thence_o we_o can_v distinguish_v urinous_a salt_n from_o alkalous_a but_o by_o the_o precede_a experiment_n i_o be_v enable_v to_o distinguish_v lixiviate_n by_o their_o precipitate_v a_o orange_n tawny_a from_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n whereas_o urinous_a salt_n will_v make_v it_o either_o white_a or_o milky_a so_o that_o by_o this_o experiment_n i_o can_v discover_v that_o shall_v ammoniac_a draw_v from_o a_o alkaly_n be_v but_o a_o urinous_a salt_n more_o refine_v the_o alkaly_a separate_n and_o retain_v the_o sea-salt_n mix_v with_o it_o for_o it_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o verdigrease_n azure_a but_o will_v precipitate_v a_o white_a substance_n from_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v not_o only_o learn_v to_o conclude_v affirmative_o but_o negative_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o salt_n since_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o essential_a oil_n have_v either_o no_o salt_n in_o they_o or_o it_o be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a kind_n since_o they_o will_v neither_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a nor_o green_a nor_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n white_a or_o yellow_a i_o find_v that_o spirit_n of_o oak_n though_o it_o be_v a_o chemical_a principle_n yet_o it_o will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n purple_a and_o destroy_v the_o blewness_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephritium_n as_o acid_n do_v and_o will_v corrode_v coral_n like_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o when_o the_o acid_n part_n of_o this_o spirit_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o it_o will_v have_v no_o more_o effect_n upon_o any_o of_o those_o liquor_n as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o essential_a oil_n and_o by_o this_o method_n we_o may_v discover_v the_o nature_n of_o most_o salt_n produce_v either_o by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o same_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a liquor_n which_o though_o run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la will_v have_v no_o other_o effect_n than_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o i_o know_v how_o to_o make_v a_o strong_a saline_a body_n which_o will_v neither_o work_n upon_o syrup_n of_o violet_n or_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n and_o now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o add_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o salt_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n depend_v on_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n not_o only_o of_o the_o solution_n but_o of_o the_o body_n by_o which_o it_o be_v precipitate_v for_o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v whether_o oil_n of_o tartar_n spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v add_v to_o it_o yet_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n which_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v have_v no_o such_o effect_n and_o the_o crystal_n of_o silver_n dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v whether_o a_o alkaly_n or_o a_o acid._n be_v drop_v into_o the_o solution_n yet_o shall_v ammoniac_a will_v not_o produce_v the_o like_a effect_n so_o that_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v evaporate_v the_o metalline_a corpuseles_o with_o the_o saline_a one_o that_o have_v imbibe_v they_o coagulate_v into_o salt_n as_o such_o solution_n usual_o do_v when_o the_o metal_n have_v be_v precipitate_v experiment_n xli_o a_o azure_a solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v shake_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v become_v clear_a as_o water_n and_o though_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la usual_o extract_v a_o blue_n greenish_a solution_n from_o french_a verdigrease_n yet_o be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o in_o water_n it_o almost_o render_v it_o colourless_a but_o upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n or_o spirit_n of_o urine_n it_o will_v disclose_v a_o colour_n somewhat_o different_a from_o the_o solution_n of_o verdigrease_n itself_o experiment_n xlii_o the_o dry_a calx_fw-la remain_v after_o a_o evaporation_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la give_v a_o yellow_a tincture_n but_o quicksilver_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o saline_n menstruum_fw-la be_v draw_v off_o in_o a_o sand-heat_n till_o a_o dry_a calx_fw-la remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n though_o this_o calx_fw-la be_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n it_o will_v pass_v through_o a_o milky_a colour_n to_o a_o yellow_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n and_o beguinus_n tyr._n chym._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o prepare_v turbith_n mineral_n which_o he_o call_v mercurius_n praecipitatus_fw-la optimus_fw-la by_o digest_v and_o then_o two_o or_o three_o time_n cohobate_v one_o part_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o two_o of_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n and_o by_o frequent_a ablution_n in_o hot_a distil_a water_n etc._n etc._n but_o though_o this_o yellow_a of_o we_o be_v a_o much_o fine_a than_o any_o in_o the_o painter_n shop_n yet_o it_o be_v too_o dear_a for_o ordinary_a use_n be_v we_o certain_a it_o will_v agree_v with_o oil_a colour_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o menstruum_fw-la which_o be_v devoid_a of_o colour_n may_v produce_v a_o colour_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o white_a calx_fw-la experiment_n xliii_o to_o show_v that_o a_o colour_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o liquor_n that_o have_v neither_o colour_n nor_o saline_a part_n we_o pour_v water_n on_o a_o gray_a calx_fw-la of_o vitriol_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o the_o mixture_n be_v of_o a_o muddy_a colour_n yet_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o viol_n for_o some_o day_n the_o calx_fw-la be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o shoot_v into_o vitriol_n give_v the_o water_n a_o vitriolate_a colour_n and_o so_o it_o do_v to_o fresh_a water_n pour_v on_o the_o calx_fw-la when_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v decant_v experiment_n xliv_o by_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochinele_n or_o brazil_n into_o water_n it_o will_v acquire_v a_o pink_a colour_n from_o which_o by_o successive_a addition_n it_o will_v pass_v from_o that_o to_o a_o fine_a red_a and_o from_o that_o to_o a_o crimson_a and_o after_o that_o to_o a_o opace_fw-la red_n and_o several_a intermediate_v colour_n may_v be_v perceive_v in_o its_o passage_n from_o one_o colour_n to_o another_o but_o these_o variation_n will_v be_v more_o conspicuous_a if_o we_o make_v use_v of_o cylindrical_a pipe_n instead_o of_o viol_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o brazil_n be_v put_v into_o a_o viol_n that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o appear_v blue_a but_o that_o in_o the_o neck_n which_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n traject_v more_o plentiful_o appear_v green_a and_o i_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n seem_v clear_a and_o when_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o light_n it_o appear_v slight_o discolour_a yet_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v knock_v off_o it_o appear_v as_o green_a as_o grass_n and_o i_o have_v have_v bottle_n which_o though_o they_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o material_n with_o the_o stopple_v be_v nevertheless_o different_a in_o colour_n and_o i_o have_v a_o flat_a glass_n which_o obvert_v to_o the_o eye_n flat_a appear_v like_o ordinary_a window_n glass_n but_o if_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o be_v obverl_v to_o my_o eye_n in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n it_o will_v appear_v like_o a_o emerald_n and_o i_o have_v have_v a_o certain_a pigment_n which_o if_o it_o lay_v thick_a upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o crimson_a but_o be_v spread_v thin_a on_o the_o paper_n it_o will_v seem_v green_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v that_o that_o blue_a substance_n call_v litmase_v be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n give_v it_o a_o tincture_n betwixt_o crimson_n and_o purple_a yet_o it_o stain_v paper_a blue_n
and_o the_o like_a colour_n be_v afford_v by_o it_o on_o a_o piece_n of_o flat_a glaze_v earth_n and_o some_o of_o the_o same_o be_v drop_v into_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o invert_v cone_n exhibit_v great-varietys_a of_o crimson_n and_o purple_a and_o when_o the_o litmase_v be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o afford_v a_o glorious_a yellow_n like_o that_o of_o a_o topaz_n when_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o it_o and_o if_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v drop_v into_o it_o they_o subside_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o bright_a dilute_a colour_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o purple_a above_o that_o and_o a_o deep_a crimson_n betwixt_o that_o and_o a_o yellow_a which_o wrought_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o if_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v pour_v upon_o that_o it_o will_v turn_v part_n of_o the_o yellow_a into_o a_o purple_a or_o crimson_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o pigment_n be_v near_o or_o more_o disperse_v the_o colour_n represent_v by_o they_o vary_v experiment_n xlv_o a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n use_v as_o a_o succedaneum_n of_o spaw-water_n and_o who_o colour_n be_v like_a that_o of_o german_a amethyst_n be_v drop_v into_o rhenish-wine_n afford_v a_o lovely_a green_n but_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o receive_v that_o tincture_n from_o it_o and_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o the_o effect_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o acidity_n in_o the_o wine_n i_o impregnated_a water_n with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o green_a tincture_n from_o the_o liquor_n and_o to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n i_o drop_v alkalizate_a and_o urinous_a salt_n into_o the_o green_a tincture_n by_o which_o it_o put_v on_o a_o dirty_a and_o a_o turbid_v colour_n but_o if_o this_o essense_n of_o steel_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n impregnate_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a will_v turn_v it_o yellow_a the_o vitriolate_a salt_n be_v precipitate_v by_o they_o and_o olaus_n wormius_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o rare_a kind_n of_o turn-sole_a which_o will_v communicate_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o water_n and_o though_o it_o will_v to_o wine_n yet_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o tinged_a by_o it_o so_o that_o tincture_n both_o depend_v on_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o body_n that_o receive_v and_o that_o which_o give_v the_o tincture_n experiment_n xlvi_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n of_o metal_n be_v either_o such_o as_o they_o acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o they_o or_o such_o as_o result_v from_o the_o coalition_n of_o metaline_n particle_n with_o the_o mestruum_fw-la which_o dissolve_v they_o or_o last_o when_o they_o be_v mix_v together_o by_o fusion_n and_o first_o tin_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v calcine_v afford_v a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o lead_v a_o red_a one_o and_o copper_n calcine_v per_fw-la se_fw-la yield_v a_o dark_a blackish_a powder_n and_o iron_n by_o reverberate_v flame_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o crocus_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o red_a powder_n and_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a colour_n there_o be_v several_a intermediate_v once_o whilst_o by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n metal_n be_v a_o calcine_v and_o not_o only_o the_o calces_fw-la but_o the_o glass_n of_o mineral_n vitrify_v per_fw-la se_fw-la be_v of_o colour_n different_a from_o the_o metal_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o glass_n make_v of_o silver_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n and_o not_o only_o metal_n but_o mineral_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o yield_v colour_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n different_a from_o their_o own_o as_o antimony_n afford_v a_o whitish_a grace_n calx_fw-la and_o flower_n various_o colour_a and_o the_o calx_fw-la by_o be_v flux_v will_v yield_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o yellow_a or_o red_a colour_n and_o vitriol_n calcine_v pass_v through_o several_a colour_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a purple_a experiment_n xlvii_o as_o for_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n produce_v by_o the_o union_n of_o metal_n with_o their_o solvent_n gold_n give_v aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v yellow_a colour_n but_o mercury_n give_v no_o considerable_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la except_o a_o greenness_n or_o blewness_n at_o the_o first_o which_o present_o disappear_v tin_n corrode_v by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o curdled_a milk_n or_o eggs._n lead_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n afford_v a_o clear_a solution_n and_o if_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v draw_v off_o appear_v white_a iron_n dissolve_v by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n dilute_v with_o water_n yield_v a_o green_a vitriolum_fw-la martis_n but_o give_v a_o saffron_n colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o a_o yellowish_a red._n common_a silver_n such_o as_o be_v coin_v give_v a_o copper_n tincture_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la but_o such_o as_o be_v refine_v perfect_o give_v a_o bluish_a green_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o be_v sublime_v with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a it_o afford_v a_o bluish_a sublimate_n and_o indeed_o copper_n dissolve_v in_o several_a menstruum_n will_v yield_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o greenish_a blue_n or_o bluish_a green_a colour_n but_o with_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n and_o turpentine_n it_o afford_v a_o blue_a tincture_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o green_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n may_v result_v from_o the_o copper_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o salt_n which_o corrode_v it_o i_o moisten_a dantzick_n vitriol_n with_o spital_n and_o then_o rub_v it_o upon_o a_o knife_n it_o give_v it_o a_o reddish_a colour_n like_o that_o of_o copper_n saccharum_fw-la saturni_n with_o spirit_n of_o turpentine_n will_v yield_v a_o red_a balsam_n and_o that_o stone_n which_o helmont_n call_v paracelsus_n his_o ludus_fw-la in_o a_o proper_a menstruum_fw-la afford_v sometime_o a_o yellowish_a and_o sometime_o a_o red_a solution_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o quicksilver_n be_v precipitate_v out_o of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o sea-salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n but_o if_o it_o be_v precipitate_v with_o a_o alkaly_a it_o yield_v a_o yellow_a tawny_a powder_n but_o if_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v draw_v off_o without_o precipitate_v it_o the_o remain_a substance_n will_v vary_v its_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o once_o i_o observe_v the_o white_a calx_fw-la to_o remain_v partly_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a and_o in_o some_o part_n red_a the_o remain_a part_n be_v elevate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o red_a and_o ash-coloured_a sublimate_n and_o vermilion_n be_v only_o a_o sublimate_n of_o mercury_n and_o brimstone_n experiment_n xlviii_o to_o show_v that_o metal_n associate_v with_o other_o body_n will_v afford_v different_a colour_n i_o have_v give_v a_o instance_n in_o silver_n which_o give_v glass_n a_o lovely_a golden_a colour_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o artificer_n paint_v glass_n yellow_a with_o calx_fw-la of_o silver_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o saphirine_n blue_n from_o shel-silver_n mix_v with_o powder_n of_o crystal_n glass_n keep_v in_o fusion_n two_o or_o three_o hour_n which_o i_o attribute_v to_o some_o copper_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o silver_n and_o though_o copper_n calcine_v per_fw-la se_fw-la yield_v a_o dark_a colour_v calx_fw-la yet_o it_o tinge_v glass_n green_n but_o be_v keep_v in_o fusion_n with_o 100_o time_n its_o weight_n in_o glass_n it_o afford_v not_o a_o green_a but_o a_o blue_a substance_n which_o whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o mineral_n or_o it_o be_v saline_a part_n only_o or_o both_o i_o must_v not_o stay_v to_o inquire_v but_o to_o proceed_v putty_n make_v of_o tin_n and_o lead_v calcine_v together_o be_v a_o white_a calx_fw-la give_v colliquate_v glass_n the_o resemblance_n of_o white_a amel_n which_o will_v receive_v into_o it_o the_o colour_n of_o divers_a mineral_n which_o will_v endure_v the_o fire_n and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o blue_a and_o yellow_a amel_n be_v compound_v will_v afford_v a_o green_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o the_o dark_a substance_n call_v zaffora_n will_v give_v glass_n a_o blue_a tincture_n and_o that_o dark_a substance_n term_v magnesia_n from_o its_o similar_v colour_n to_o that_o of_o a_o loadstone_n give_v glass_n not_o only_a colour_n different_a from_o its_o own_o
vitriol_n pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sal-armon_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n and_o texture_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o gradual_o add_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o whilst_o upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n the_o water_n become_v cold_a we_o pour_v in_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o which_o the_o mixture_n become_v hot_a where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o though_o salarmoniack_a in_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n produce_v cold_a yet_o a_o contrary_a effect_n shall_v happen_v upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o both_o together_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o the_o two_o liquor_n overpowr_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o salt_n be_v able_a otherwise_o to_o produce_v experiment_n ix_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n be_v so_o uncertain_a sometime_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o have_v place_v a_o thermometer_n in_o eight_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n and_o gradual_o put_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n after_o some_o time_n the_o ingredient_n have_v work_v upon_o each_o other_o with_o a_o copious_a froth_n and_o a_o hiss_a noise_n the_o bottle_n be_v something_o warm_a and_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n raise_v yet_o another_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n prepare_v without_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pour_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o a_o incalescence_n a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v produce_v experiment_n x._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n shake_v together_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a acquire_v a_o sort_n of_o goolness_n but_o if_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v first_o mix_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n they_o become_v hot_a and_o though_o salt_n of_o tartar_n grow_v hot_a in_o water_n yet_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o cinnabar_fw-la distil_v in_o a_o strong_a fire_n produce_v no_o heat_n notwithstanding_o a_o hiss_v nolse_o like_o that_o of_o quicklime_n succeed_v its_o immersion_n effect_n a_o coincident_a disposition_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_a requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o their_o effect_n that_o the_o artificial_a production_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v obstruct_v by_o a_o indisposition_n in_o the_o patient_n to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v learn_v by_o several_a observation_n and_o particular_o by_o note_v that_o though_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v so_o fiery_a a_o liquor_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n itself_o and_o to_o dissolve_v ice_n soon_o than_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o a_o pound_n of_o choice_n rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n except_o a_o little_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v whole_o coagulate_v into_o a_o consistent_a mass_n like_o ice_n notwithstanding_o the_o glass_n stand_v in_o a_o elaboratory_n in_o which_o that_o oil_n be_v never_o at_o any_o other_o time_n observe_v to_o congeal_v and_o this_o phenomenon_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o the_o oil_n continue_v in_o that_o state_n when_o the_o wether_n be_v too_o moderate_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n on_o the_o contrary_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o oil_n of_o anniseed_n which_o usual_o coagulate_v with_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n continue_v undisturbed_a and_o transparent_a without_o the_o least_o coagulation_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a season_n and_o the_o like_a we_o have_v observe_v in_o camphire_n reduce_v to_o a_o oil_n by_o some_o nitrous_a spirit_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o section_n if_o heat_n depend_v on_o a_o brisk_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o if_o cold_a be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n than_o that_o about_o our_o sensory_a it_o appear_v that_o a_o imminution_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o contrary_a quality_n viz._n coldness_n and_o though_o cold_a seem_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n a_o privitive_a quality_n yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o agent_n which_o cause_v that_o imminution_n act_v positive_o upon_o the_o part_n in_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o positive_a quality_n though_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_a it_o be_v but_o a_o relative_a one_o as_o lukewarm_a water_n will_v appear_v hot_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o hand_n immerse_v in_o it_o have_v either_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n and_o indeed_o the_o principal_a mistake_n which_o sometime_o occur_v in_o discourse_n concern_v cold_a happen_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o that_o expression_n which_o sometime_o be_v use_v to_o signify_v the_o idea_n imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o advention_n of_o a_o external_a object_n sometime_o for_o a_o imminution_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o cause_n heat_v and_o sometime_o for_o the_o object_n upon_o a_o contact_n of_o which_o we_o perceive_v cold._n chap._n ii_o show_v that_o not_o only_o our_o sense_n but_o common_a weather-glass_n may_v misinform_v we_o about_o cold._n cold._n neither_o our_o sensory_n nor_o weather-glass_n infallible_a criterion_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold._n though_o most_o philosopher_n have_v hitherto_o take_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sensory_n for_o the_o only_a criterion_n by_o which_o they_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o since_o cold_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o organ_n only_o a_o relative_n thing_n and_o since_o it_o have_v sensible_a effect_n on_o other_o body_n which_o be_v affect_v by_o more_o minute_n variation_n than_o our_o sensory_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o by_o the_o change_v it_o cause_v on_o those_o body_n that_o discover_v it_o be_v slight_a variation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o our_o sense_n since_o neither_o our_o sensory_n alone_o nor_o common_a weather-glass_n be_v too_o confident_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o in_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o for_o cold_a be_v a_o relative_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_n as_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n vary_v so_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v seem_v violent_a or_o more_o remiss_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o hot_a bath_n the_o most_o remiss_a degree_n seem_v hot_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o cold_a and_o chill_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n into_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cool_a bath_n be_v more_o brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_a than_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o when_o we_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n they_o be_v less_o agitate_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o cause_v a_o cold_a sensation_n by_o alter_v and_o check_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o before_o be_v brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_n but_o our_o sensory_n may_v not_o only_o misinform_v we_o in_o such_o case_n where_o they_o evident_o appear_v to_o be_v different_o temper_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o object_n but_o sometime_o when_o those_o variation_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n be_v cause_v by_o unsuspected_a agent_n or_o insensible_a degree_n so_o we_o perceive_v the_o air_n in_o a_o cellar_n much_o cold_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o body_n accustom_v to_o a_o warm_a air_n descend_v into_o it_o nay_o sometime_o we_o judge_v amiss_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a when_o we_o think_v our_o sensory_n unaltered_a so_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o upon_o the_o sensory_a by_o penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n and_o retardate_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n seem_v cold_o than_o before_o yet_o when_o blow_v upon_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n that_o motion_n enable_v it_o not_o to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n beside_o sometime_o we_o may_v be_v more_o sensible_o affect_v with_o cold_a when_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_a but_o either_o on_o some_o steam_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o frigorifick_a quality_n as_o opium_n external_o apply_v or_o on_o some_o chill_a distemper_a humour_n in_o our_o body_n but_o further_a sometime_o body_n appear_v cold_a to_o our_o sensory_n than_o to_o a_o weatherglass_n because_o the_o former_a be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o density_n and_o penetrancy_n of_o the_o part_n so_o water_n have_v appear_v cold_a to_o our_o body_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o when_o by_o a_o nice_a weatherglass_n i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n with_o the_o external_n when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n of_o water_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a vessel_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o high_a again_o but_o soon_o subside_v when_o take_v out_o into_o the_o free_a air._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o may_v be_v different_o inform_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a when_o we_o employ_v our_o organ_n of_o touch_n and_o when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a instrument_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o seem_v cold_o to_o our_o sensory_n than_o common_o weather-glass_n discover_v it_o to_o be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o a_o themometer_n only_o more_o exact_o measure_v the_o effect_n which_o cold_a have_v upon_o it_o and_o our_o sensory_n yet_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a which_o way_n of_o estimate_v weather-glass_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o unquestionable_o to_o answer_v expectation_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o certainty_n but_o 2d_o consideration_n the_o 2d_o second_o there_o be_v unaccurateness_n in_o measure_v of_o cold_a by_o weather-glass_n which_o may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o be_v not_o since_o sufficient_a care_n be_v not_o take_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v exact_v all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o open_a weather-glass_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o contrive_v for_o thermometrical_a experiment_n than_o those_o that_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o in_o which_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o close_v with_o cement_n or_o wax_n that_o the_o external_n air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o it_o but_o through_o the_o pipe_n upon_o a_o expansion_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n the_o liquor_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o than_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n in_o ordinary_a glass_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v much_o too_o small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cavity_n into_o which_o it_o must_v expand_v itself_o when_o rarify_v to_o make_v the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o to_o be_v so_o sensible_a enough_o but_o beside_o that_o this_o of_o we_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n further_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a for_o our_o purpose_n since_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o may_v be_v immerse_v in_o body_n who_o coldness_n we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o measure_n and_o consistent_a body_n as_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v be_v more_o convenient_o heap_v about_o it_o than_o common_a weather-glass_n three_o man_n too_o confident_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thermoscope_n rise_v a_o inch_n high_o to_o day_n consideration_n a_o three_o consideration_n than_o it_o be_v the_o day_n before_o and_o a_o inch_n high_o the_o next_o that_o the_o air_n must_v be_v as_o cold_a again_o the_o last_o day_n as_o it_o be_v the_o precede_a since_o it_o appear_v not_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o cold_a of_o itself_o contract_v the_o air_n that_o a_o double_a degree_n of_o cold_a must_v produce_v a_o double_a degree_n of_o condensation_n exact_o for_o beside_o that_o the_o different_a quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o these_o instrument_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o pipe_n as_o well_o as_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o expansion_n consider_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o hypothesis_n suspicious_a i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v appear_v and_o then_o this_o computation_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o the_o force_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o thereabouts_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o inch_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o ten_o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n a_o equal_a force_n superadd_v to_o the_o former_a will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a air_n into_o half_a the_o space_n which_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o estimate_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n we_o must_v not_o only_o consider_v how_o much_o space_n it_o be_v make_v to_o desert_n but_o also_o what_o proportion_n that_o desert_a space_n bear_v to_o the_o whole_a space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o to_o what_o degree_n of_o density_n it_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o application_n of_o that_o force_n and_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o that_o of_o a_o weight_n which_o may_v remain_v always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o of_o a_o spring_n forcible_o bend_v who_o resistance_n be_v great_a as_o it_o be_v crowd_v into_o less_o room_n consideration_n the_o four_o consideration_n four_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v in_o weather-glass_n till_o we_o have_v a_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a for_o among_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o the_o one_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v affect_v with_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o to_o freeze_v that_o the_o other_o be_v less_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n do_v when_o make_v use_v of_o in_o weather-glass_n though_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o latter_a be_v much_o more_o ready_o turn_v into_o ice_n beside_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v that_o all_o subtle_a and_o most_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v since_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v extreme_o hot_a yet_o will_v it_o be_v congeal_v by_o a_o much_o gentle_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n and_o will_v be_v long_o undissolved_a upon_o a_o thaw_v and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o penetrate_v and_o vehement_o agitate_a yet_o more_o subject_n to_o freeze_v than_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o allow_v that_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n i_o see_v not_o beside_o those_o more_o catholic_n agent_n which_o produce_v cold_a in_o most_o body_n they_o invade_v why_o one_o body_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o frigorifick_a in_o respect_n of_o this_o or_o that_o body_n and_o not_o of_o a_o three_o for_o quicksilver_n will_v be_v coagulate_v by_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n nor_o can_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a 〈…〉_o power_n to_o congeal_v it_o and_o from_o 〈…〉_o the_o jesuit_n relate_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n in_o peculiar_a region_n may_v receive_v such_o a_o disposition_n from_o the_o soil_n as_o to_o receive_v strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o produce_v there_o on_o humane_a body_n and_o though_o opium_n refrigerate_v not_o water_n as_o i_o have_v experience_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a weatherglass_n yet_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o present_o refrigerate_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v not_o only_o a_o argument_n that_o most_o liquor_n have_v peculiar_a texture_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o one_o body_n may_v be_v so_o convenient_o shape_v as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o to_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o their_o part_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o what_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o which_o mingle_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n well_o dephelgm_v will_v present_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o other_o liquor_n and_o i_o can_v make_v a_o liquor_n much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o water_n that_o receive_v a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o certain_a substance_n which_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n on_o water_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o we_o have_v further_a to_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o new_a thermometer_n thermometer_n consideration_n concern_v the_o new_a thermometer_n beside_o that_o the_o water_n and_o air_n may_v be_v both_o alternate_o condense_v without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n they_o have_v another_o advantage_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v in_o several_a place_n and_o remove_v without_o spill_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o or_o without_o danger_n of_o it_o be_v evaporate_v beside_o they_o may_v be_v safe_o let_v down_o into_o any_o liquor_n even_o the_o most_o corrosive_a it_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v
shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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than_o full_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v further_o allege_v against_o mr_n hobbes_n his_o doctrine_n that_o it_o give_v we_o no_o account_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a in_o weather-glass_n in_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o cold_a and_o rise_v with_o heat_n four_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n in_o explain_v the_o depression_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n attribute_n it_o sole_o to_o it_o be_v own_o gravity_n it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o we_o must_v likewise_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o if_o a_o thermometer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sun_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o shank_n be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o so_o far_o that_o some_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o soon_o as_o 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v 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mention_v viz._n egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a act_n on_o every_o side_n the_o shell_n be_v whole_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v in_o order_n to_o facilitate_v some_o experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o in_o common_a experiment_n water_v natural_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o that_o ice_n confine_v the_o subjacent_a water_n so_o that_o when_o freeze_v it_o have_v not_o room_n to_o expand_v i_o say_v whereas_o in_o such_o case_n the_o glass_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v to_o prevent_v such_o ill_a consequence_n i_o lay_v the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n first_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o above_o it_o and_o as_o the_o salt_n and_o ice_n be_v raise_v high_a about_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ice_n gradual_o rise_v without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o bottle_n to_o this_o advertisement_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o only_o at_o the_o first_o lie_v the_o mixture_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n above_o cool_a i_o usual_o put_v ice_n itself_o or_o snow_n either_o of_o which_o will_v succeed_v in_o these_o experiment_n above_o that_o mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n by_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o spoil_v they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n they_o thaw_v slow_o without_o damage_n to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o tradition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o egg_n which_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o thaw_v snow_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o then_o want_v 4_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n it_o acquire_v such_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o 15_o drachm_n and_o 9_o grain_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o egg_n dry_v it_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o 12_o grain_n be_v break_v we_o find_v it_o almost_o thaw_v when_o freeze_v it_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n but_o when_o thaw_v it_o sink_v we_o take_v two_o egg_n well_o freeze_v and_o place_v they_o both_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o fire_n the_o one_o be_v put_v into_o water_n and_o the_o other_o lay_v on_o a_o table_n when_o that_o in_o the_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o break_v it_o find_v that_o the_o yolk_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v thaw_v but_o the_o other_o egg_n be_v cut_v asunder_o the_o white_a be_v whole_o freeze_v and_o the_o yolk_n hard_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v overboil_v there_o likewise_o appear_v in_o it_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o different_a colour_n and_o a_o very_a white_a speck_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n we_o be_v confirm_v in_o our_o persuasion_n that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v thaw_v soon_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n a_o egg_n be_v suspend_v in_o water_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n equal_o thick_a on_o all_o side_n freeze_a pippin_n be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pippin_n which_o be_v immerse_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o much_o thick_a crust_n than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o 2._o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o those_o in_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v but_o one_o that_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a and_o more_o freeze_v 4._o neither_o the_o freeze_a egg_n or_o apple_n condense_v and_o freeze_v the_o air_n though_o they_o incrustate_v the_o water_n egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o they_o crack_v we_o put_v one_o into_o milk_n two_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o into_o a_o large_a glass_n of_o sack_n but_o produce_v no_o ice_n egg_n be_v put_v into_o vinegar_n produce_v no_o ice_n but_o the_o vinegar_n corrode_v the_o eggshell_n a_o cheese_n immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o lump_n of_o iron_n piece_n of_o glass_n and_o stone_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o freeze_v egg_n produce_v no_o ice_n in_o water_n water_n be_v pour_v into_o a_o bottle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o our_o elaborotory_n part_v of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n shake_v together_o in_o a_o vial_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dew_n and_o so_o do_v ice_n beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n with_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg._n pippin_n be_v much_o better_o when_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a climate_n that_o when_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o extreme_a cold_a too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n it_o have_v raise_v blister_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o more_o careful_a sort_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o cold_a water_n or_o snow_n before_o they_o approach_v the_o fire_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o cheese_n be_v freeze_v in_o muscovy_n those_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n and_o guilielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_n cap._n 10._o de_fw-la gangraena_fw-la &_o sphacelo_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o our_o apple_n and_o egg_n be_v though_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n yet_o glaciation_n leave_v they_o more_o subject_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o thaw_n though_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o state_n they_o putrify_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a under_o glaciation_n hinder_v body_n from_o corruption_n i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a instance_n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la say_v p._n 80._o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la sine_fw-la arcte_fw-la compactam_fw-la servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la a_o putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la and_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 74._o have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o p._n 79._o he_o farther_o say_v that_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o ice_n all_o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jot_n the_o worse_o and_o from_o simlerus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o alps_o it_o appear_v that_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o snow_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o p._n 79._o de_fw-la figurativis_fw-la in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la nivium_fw-la è_fw-la monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la mole_n sylvam_fw-la &_o proceras_fw-la abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60_o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la soluto_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o prove_v that_o inanimate_a body_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n i_o shall_v bring_v several_a instance_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o much_o wonder_n since_o whether_o glaciation_n proceed_v from_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n wedge_v in_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n or_o whether_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o a_o avolition_n of_o those_o restless_a particle_n which_o before_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a we_o must_v suppose_v a_o unusual_a rest_n and_o consequent_o the_o concomitant_a cause_n of_o corruption_n
to_o be_v want_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o sweeden_n and_o denmark_n the_o cold_a will_v preserve_v body_n a_o long_a time_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o bartholinus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o several_a dead_a body_n p._n 83._o de_fw-la usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la which_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o battle_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v freeze_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o continue_v so_o without_o be_v corrupt_v as_o long_o as_o the_o winter_n last_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o p._n 76._o of_o a_o man_n who_o they_o find_v freeze_v in_o the_o ice_n six_o week_n after_o he_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o frost_n have_v wrought_v on_o his_o body_n be_v that_o his_o flesh_n will_v move_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o his_o bone_n like_o a_o glove_n upon_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 12._o further_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o greenland_n that_o the_o frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n 30_o year_n but_o though_o freeze_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n for_o the_o time_n yet_o when_o they_o thaw_v they_o present_o discover_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o be_v impair_v and_o vitiate_v all_o that_o while_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a for_o have_v freeze_v a_o ox-eye_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o be_v so_o transparent_a before_o be_v freeze_v lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n and_o become_v white_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o that_o though_o cheese_n which_o be_v thaw_v in_o water_n be_v better_a than_o those_o that_o be_v otherwise_o free_v from_o the_o ice_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o in_o some_o measure_n impair_v by_o the_o frost_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2_o p._n 493._o tell_v we_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n their_o strong_a beer_n be_v freeze_v be_v whole_o vitiate_v and_o without_o strength_n or_o taste_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o strong_a alicant_n wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o spirit_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n that_o beef_n have_v be_v freeze_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o yield_v broth_n little_o better_o than_o water_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o body_n much_o hard_a than_o any_o yet_o mention_v may_v be_v work_v upon_o by_o cold_a not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o bone_n and_o even_o steel_v itself_o be_v much_o more_o subject_a to_o break_v in_o frosty_a wether_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o it_o be_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n further_o observable_a that_o capt._n james_n relate_v that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o wood_n must_v be_v thaw_v before_o the_o carpenter_n be_v able_a to_o work_v it_o and_o i_o be_o further_a inform_v that_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o house_n in_o moscow_n will_v not_o only_o crack_v in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o brick-house_n in_o the_o west-indies_n decay_n much_o soon_o than_o here_o in_o england_n and_o it_o have_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o marble_n themselves_o have_v not_o only_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o that_o brass-instrument_n and_o even_o iron-hoops_n have_v be_v crack_v by_o extreme_a cold_n as_o olaus_n wormius_n and_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n witness_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o iron-hoops_n rather_o depend_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o barrel_n than_o immediate_o on_o the_o iron-bar_n themselves_o and_o that_o they_o be_v break_v by_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o liquor_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o vi_o title_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v before_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o those_o that_o have_v their_o nose_n or_o cheek_n freeze_v do_v rub_v they_o with_o snow_n before_o they_o go_v into_o the_o stove_n they_o sometime_o drop_v off_o and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o moderate_o weak_a wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v will_v lose_v both_o its_o colour_n and_o taste_v he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o body_n there_o will_v keep_v all_o the_o frosty_a wether_n uncorrupt_a and_o that_o venison_n and_o beef_n and_o other_o flesh_n will_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n by_o frost_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thaw_v leisurely_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v roast_v it_o will_v be_v much_o impair_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o young_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o over_o be_v recover_v by_o be_v first_o rub_v with_o snow_n before_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v use_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o vi_o title_n fish_n take_v from_o under_o the_o ice_n in_o lake_n and_o pond_n which_o be_v freeze_v over_o and_o pack_v up_o will_v be_v preserve_v a_o month_n without_o be_v salt_v or_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n they_o will_v be_v freeze_v immediate_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o the_o same_o person_n who_o tell_v i_o these_o thing_n that_o though_o flesh-meat_n freeze_v be_v better_a when_o thaw_v leisurely_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o by_o the_o fire_n yet_o it_o acquire_v not_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o in_o lapland_n when_o any_o part_n be_v freeze_v they_o toast_v cheese_n make_v of_o deer_n milk_n and_o anoint_v the_o affect_a part_n with_o the_o cows-body_n i_o have_v some_o cheshire-cheese_n freeze_v myself_o one_o of_o which_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n gather_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o there_o be_v white_a bear_n in_o green-land_n which_o have_v so_o excellent_a a_o scent_n that_o when_o the_o carcase_n of_o a_o whale_n be_v leave_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n they_o will_v raise_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n and_o with_o their_o two_o paw_n will_v fan_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n and_o snuff_v it_o in_o at_o their_o snout_n and_o then_o throw_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n will_v swim_v towards_o the_o dead_a carcase_n the_o fat_a of_o some_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v a_o hogshead_n of_o oil_n in_o moscow_n a_o hogshead_n of_o malaga-sack_n be_v freeze_v a_o spirituous_a liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o it_o strong_a than_o the_o sack_n itself_o but_o the_o liquor_n leave_v behind_o it_o be_v a_o strengthless_a phlegm_n a_o barrel_n of_o beer_n be_v freeze_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o green-land_n the_o spirituous_a part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o moscow_n betwixt_o russia_n and_o poland_n be_v sometime_o so_o freeze_v by_o the_o time_n they_o come_v there_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o break_v the_o cask_n and_o to_o transport_v it_o in_o jar_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o thaw_v it_o they_o put_v it_o into_o another_o hogshead_n and_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o ice_n or_o snow_n it_o thaw_v leisurely_o there_o without_o be_v so_o much_o impair_v as_o if_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n or_o by_o the_o fire_n title_n vii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a liquor_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o other_o freeze_a liquor_n though_o it_o have_v be_v general_o allow_v that_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a yet_o from_o what_o i_o shall_v offer_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o ice_n be_v not_o water_n condense_v but_o rarify_v for_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o water_n expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o a_o bolt-head_n will_v if_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n incline_v it_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o be_v expanded_a so_o as_o to_o rise_v considerable_o high_o in_o the_o stem_n but_o when_o that_o ice_n be_v thaw_v again_o will_v subside_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v water_n in_o a_o cylinder_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v stop_v up_o with_o wax_n the_o cylinder_n be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n freeze_v it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o it_o force_v the_o wax_n out_o of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o form_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n much_o long_a than_o the_o cylinder_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n by_o cold_a rather_o depend_v on_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v liquor_n than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v that_o effect_n as_o some_o modern_n teach_v or_o that_o the_o internal_a liquor_n be_v
condense_v by_o cold_a the_o air_n break_v in_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n for_o that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_o observe_v than_o that_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o side_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v they_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v general_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n depend_v not_o on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v since_o shall_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fluid_a contain_v in_o a_o bottle_n will_v be_v so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o possess_v less_o space_n than_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n there_o and_o the_o bottle_n not_o burst_v since_o glass-bubble_n much_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a bottle_n will_v endure_v the_o frost_n though_o stop_v close_o with_o air_n in_o they_o but_o not_o only_a water_n expand_v itself_o upon_o freeze_a but_o other_o aqueous_a body_n so_o egg_n be_v freeze_v burst_v their_o shell_n asunder_o and_o milk_n urine_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass-egg_n the_o wine_n be_v freeze_v swell_v a_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o surface_n the_o milk_n two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n six_o or_o seven_o and_o a_o solution_n of_o dantzick-vitriol_n do_v not_o only_o become_v opace_fw-la but_o rise_v considerable_o high_a in_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n upon_o congelation_n whether_o more_o stable_n and_o consistent_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a will_v be_v worth_a inquire_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o very_a clock_n have_v be_v freeze_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o voyage_n at_o charlton-island_n his_o watch_n be_v freeze_v as_o well_o as_o his_o clock_n whether_o these_o effect_n depend_v on_o any_o swell_v of_o the_o rope_n or_o whether_o the_o spring_n of_o his_o watch_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a or_o whether_o some_o iceicle_n stick_v to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v as_o bare_a conjecture_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v into_o by_o experience_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o experiment_n about_o freeze_a referrable_a to_o the_o vii_o title_n read_v before_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v fill_v a_o bolt-head_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o two_o turkey_n egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v a_o pretty_a height_n into_o the_o slender_a stem_n be_v put_v into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v a_o little_a but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o will_v sensible_o swell_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o a_o raven_n quill_n when_o first_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n present_o ascend_v the_o height_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o present_o subside_v again_o which_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n will_v attribute_v to_o a_o constriction_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n second_o and_o though_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n relate_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v subside_v a_o little_a to_o rest_v and_o then_o subside_v again_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o make_v i_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o three_o when_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v a_o little_a it_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v four_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v unequal_o big_a upon_o glaciation_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a one_o will_v be_v indiscernible_a but_o in_o a_o slender_a one_o it_o will_v ascend_v several_a inch_n in_o a_o minute_n till_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n five_o though_o the_o forentine_a academian_o say_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v again_o before_o glaciation_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v such_o a_o phaenomenon_n six_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n when_o first_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o small_a iceicle_n be_v melt_v it_o will_v subside_o again_o yet_o if_o reapply_v to_o the_o mixture_n a_o second_o time_n it_o will_v freeze_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1_o though_o the_o liquor_n we_o have_v mention_v expand_v themselves_o upon_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o be_v not_o thence_o to_o couclude_v that_o all_o will_n since_o we_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o cold._n 2._o among_o the_o several_a experiment_n make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_v 3._o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o mercury_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o place_v in_o a_o bold-head_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subside_v 2_o inch_n common_a oil_n place_v in_o the_o same_o mixture_n subside_v till_o it_o freeze_v but_o if_o it_o be_v immediate_o thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v expand_v itself_o so_o much_o as_o to_o rise_v about_o the_o mark._n the_o experiment_n succeed_v a_o second_o time_n and_o be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o congeal_a oly_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n oil_n of_o aniseed_n artificial_o freeze_v subside_v considerable_o in_o a_o small_a pipe_n empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o gaujacum_fw-la be_v expose_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v not_o freeze_v but_o evident_o subside_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o viii_o title_n 1._o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n the_o one_o make_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochineal_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o blue_a tincture_n of_o spirit_n of_o man_n blood_n and_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o then_o be_v remove_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n set_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o thermometer_n subside_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a stem_n and_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a subsided_a 3_o inch_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a concrete_a which_o when_o it_o be_v leisurely_o dissolve_v the_o fluid_a part_n emit_v several_a bubble_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o this_o concrete_a that_o though_o when_o thaw_v it_o swim_v upon_o water_n yet_o when_o congeal_v it_o will_v not_o title_n ix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v cause_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n 1._o it_o be_v usual_o account_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n that_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o for_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o emergent_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o greenland_n where_o huge_a rock_n of_o ice_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v as_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n which_o can_v we_o suppose_v to_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n that_o part_v immerse_v will_v be_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o that_o above_o the_o water_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v bear_v up_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n so_o much_o in_o greenland_n more_o than_o in_o our_o climate_n beside_o that_o the_o size_n of_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o render_v the_o observation_n more_o remarkable_a the_o water_n expansion_n in_o that_o cold_a climate_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v further_a expanded_a there_o than_o here_o and_o consequent_o light_a 2._o piece_n of_o ice_n free_a from_o bubble_n float_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v from_o brandy_n and_o likewise_o from_o quicklime_n and_o though_o if_o that_o spirit_n be_v warm_v it_o will_v present_o subside_o yet_o as_o it_o cool_v the_o ice_n will_v ascend_v nevertheless_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v thaw_v
the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o though_o it_o have_v part_v with_o so_o many_o bubble_n x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o it_o be_v force_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o contain_v air_n into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o xi_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o do_v before_o xii_o the_o oil_n be_v throw_v out_o and_o so_o much_o water_n put_v into_o the_o stem_n as_o raise_v the_o surface_n as_o high_a as_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o glaciation_n the_o glass_n weigh_v 4374_o grain_n when_o fill_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n it_o weigh_v 4152_o and_o when_o empty_a 1032_o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o
mark_n be_v about_o the_o 15_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a 10._o a_o large_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_a stem_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v 15_o inch_n the_o whole_a contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v freeze_v the_o freeze_a water_n continue_v to_o swell_v be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n high_o a_o few_o drop_n run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o 11._o another_o egg_n about_o the_o same_o height_n be_v place_v in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n rise_v a_o inch_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n and_o several_a laminae_fw-la of_o ice_n appear_v at_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o the_o neck_n but_o after_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o quarce_a those_o disappear_v and_o the_o ball_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o white_a ice_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v raise_v 4_o ½_n inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark._n several_n small_a bubble_n ascend_v through_o the_o neck_n till_o it_o be_v whole_o thaw_v and_o the_o white_a ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v the_o water_n swell_v till_o some_o of_o it_o run_v out_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n upon_o which_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a room_n till_o the_o water_n be_v quite_o thaw_v so_o much_o air_n only-remaining_a above_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v as_o in_o dimension_n equal_v a_o small_a pea._n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v the_o water_n subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o then_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o external_a air_n as_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v re-inverted_n again_o rise_v 7_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o leave_v about_o a_o inch_n ¼_n above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o cause_v the_o water_n when_o freeze_v to_o swell_v and_o which_o be_v generate_v there_o take_v up_o one_o inch_n and_o ¼_n which_o be_v expanded_a through_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o thaw_v so_o far_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v air_n that_o it_o want_v a_o spring_n to_o resist_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n 12._o another_o time_n the_o tip_n of_o a_o seal_a stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n it_o receive_v 10_o inch_n and_o above_o ½_n 13._o in_o the_o same_o bolt-head_n wherein_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o air_n be_v try_v the_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o foot_n above_o its_o former_a station_n and_o then_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o leisurely_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o to_o its_o former_a mark_n and_o then_o the_o seal_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o basin_n be_v force_v into_o the_o tube_n as_o sill_v 11_o inch_n of_o it_o near_o â…›_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o operation_n 14._o another_o time_n the_o water_n swell_v 10_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o glass_n we_o break_v off_o the_o neb_n under_o water_n and_o it_o receive_v as_o much_o of_o the_o external_a water_n so_o that_o in_o this_o no_o air_n be_v generate_v 15._o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o aqueous_a liquor_n the_o neb_n of_o one_o that_o contain_v milk_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n it_o be_v manifest_o impel_v by_o the_o outward_a air._n and_o another_o be_v likewise_o open_v under_o water_n which_o contain_v urine_n it_o receive_v about_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n of_o water_n 16._o another_o glass_n which_o contain_v claret-wine_n be_v open_v under_o water_n the_o water_n be_v impel_v near_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o mark_n which_o will_v not_o have_v happen_v have_v the_o bubble_n be_v fill_v with_o true_a and_o permament_n air._n title_n x._o experiment_n about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n and_o 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be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o 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and_o bay-salt_n strew_v on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o they_o promote_v the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n so_o much_o that_o they_o bury_v themselves_o in_o it_o but_o the_o part_n thaw_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o incorporate_v with_o and_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o we_o can_v not_o separate_v they_o without_o knock_v they_o in_o piece_n at_o another_o time_n salt_n throw_v upon_o ice_n make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o by_o a_o candle-light_n several_a steam_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v from_o they_o like_v from_o some_o hot_a liquor_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o aquafortis_n drop_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o latter_a soon_o penetrate_v but_o the_o former_a with_o more_o noise_n as_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v crack_v 5._o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n septentr_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 14_o say_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n glacies_fw-la primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la byemis_fw-la adâ—ò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la verò_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la vel_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodùm_fw-la inferius_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la hyemalibus_fw-la memorandum_n erit_fw-la but_o this_o account_n be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a because_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o shore_n this_o weight_n will_v be_v bear_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o man_n may_v be_v much_o great_a at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o more_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o side_n since_o the_o shore_n have_v there_o a_o great_a strength_n to_o support_v it_o 6._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13_o say_v that_o the_o ice_n in_o russia_n be_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o rock_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o p._n 813_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o float_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v up_o and_o thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o whether_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o accumulation_n of_o fresh_a particle_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ice_n carry_v thither_o from_o some_o fresh_a water_n i_o much_o question_n since_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v seldom_o freeze_v and_o especial_o since_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o say_v that_o the_o float_a ice_n near_o nova_n zembla_n which_o close_v up_o the_o straight_a of_o weigals_n flow_v down_o from_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesre_n and_o several_a other_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n they_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a the_o dutch_a in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 96_o foot_n high_a and_o capt._n james_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o as_o deep_a under_o water_n beside_o what_o float_v above_o and_o some_o much_o high_a and_o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o p._n 837._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 140_o fathom_n high_a as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o piece_n of_o ice_n all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o capt._n james_n who_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 1000_o pace_n long_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o concrete_a piece_n of_o ice_n mr._n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o greenland_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o by_o another_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v so_o long_o that_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o a_o indifferent_a high_a hill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o the_o french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n relate_v in_o his_o passage_n to_o canada_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n other_o as_o ship_n and_o one_o 80_o league_n long_o in_o some_o place_n plain_a and_o in_o other_o unequal_a with_o high_a mountain_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 384._o say_v neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la sueci_fw-la &_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imò_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_fw-la iisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la glacie_n concretâ_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la constructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeò_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la ampliter_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o all_o that_o not_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o sweedland_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o eastern_a region_n the_o sea_n have_v be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 19_o observe_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 775_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50_o league_n 30_o cubit_n thick_a upon_o which_o as_o much_o snow_n fall_v as_o raise_v it_o 30_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n 9_o to_o what_o instance_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v we_o shall_v add_v that_o of_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n viz._n that_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 18_o fathom_n below_o water_n and_o ten_o above_o be_v very_o blue_a the_o like_a to_o which_o capt._n james_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o virgil_n speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n say_v caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concreta_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la 10._o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ice_n be_v observe_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n to_o be_v much_o less_o compact_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o same_o and_o also_o by_o mr._n james_n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n that_o when_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v they_o make_v a_o vast_a noise_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o and_o though_o olaus_n magnus_n attribute_n the_o cleave_v of_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o warm_a exhalation_n have_v upon_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o fly_v in_o piece_n upon_o excessive_a cold._n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xv_o title_n 1._o a_o decoction_n of_o sage_n rosemary_n and_o parsley_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o distinct_a vessel_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o former_a be_v very_o rough_a juice_n of_o lemon_n freeze_v represent_v tree_n without_o leave_n 2._o 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which_o be_v not_o above_o a_o ten_o part_n above_o water_n he_o likewise_o observe_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v 22_o degree_n and_o a_o little_a time_n after_o scarce_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o he_o tell_v i_o further_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 77_o degree_n his_o ship_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n till_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n and_o the_o ice_n open_v he_o fail_v through_o it_o part_v of_o it_o pass_v along_o towards_o hudson_n strait_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o mountain_n of_o ice_n much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v near_o they_o by_o a_o storm_n the_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o quash_v that_o they_o immediate_o find_v a_o calm_a title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n snow_n what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o
and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v 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rather_o in_o the_o middle_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o rather_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n than_o in_o gulf_n strait_n and_o small_a river_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o vast_a heap_n of_o ice_n that_o float_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o penetration_n of_o cold_a to_o that_o depth_n they_o sometime_o sink_v to_o but_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o small_a river_n and_o cement_v together_o depress_v each_o other_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n upon_o which_o the_o fall_a snow_n gradual_o increase_v their_o bulk_n 6._o but_o though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o take_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v it_o indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o except_v where_o some_o adventitious_a cause_n concur_v the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a by_o it_o we_o must_v adjudge_v it_o cold._a and_o though_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a yet_o all_o divers_a unanimous_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o at_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o few_o fathom_n beside_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o warm_a region_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a at_o land_n than_o sea_n and_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o cool_a but_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v there_o they_o do_v find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n though_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v often_o freeze_v frigidum_fw-la air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 7._o by_o the_o stoic_n and_o many_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o air_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o hot_a and_o likewise_o that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o
and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o the_o boil_a water_n cool_v at_o ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n at_o ¼_n a_o hour_n past_o eleven_o and_o the_o like_a success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n in_o metalline_a vessel_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v with_o great_a exactness_n the_o cold_a water_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o 6_o the_o first_o beganto_n freeze_v ¼_n after_o 7_o the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o ¾_n after_o 7_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n be_v not_o freeze_v ½_n a_o hour_n after_o eight_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o water_n contain_v in_o glass-cylinders_a of_o a_o equal_a boar_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o congelation_n when_o immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n salt_n and_o water_n but_o once_o when_o the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v draw_v small_a than_o ordinary_a the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pipe_n occasion_v the_o hot_a water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o cold_a water_n postcript_n accidental_o look_v upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n i_o find_v that_o though_o that_o author_n oppose_v aristotle_n in_o other_o point_n yet_o he_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o hot_a water_n cool_v will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o ordinary_a cold_a water_n but_o have_v try_v the_o experiment_n i_o observe_v that_o both_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v when_o by_o a_o weatherglass_n i_o find_v they_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n my_o domestic_a who_o attend_v they_o take_v notice_n also_o that_o they_o both_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o one_o time_n and_o though_o berigardus_n further_o wonder_n that_o warm_a salt-water_n shall_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o freeze_v for_o be_v salt_n yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o though_o salt_n external_o apply_v promote_v it_o yet_o internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n for_o if_o either_o the_o expand_v water_n can_v have_v make_v its_o way_n by_o stretch_v the_o glass_n or_o leave_v the_o superficial_a ice_n congeal_v at_o first_o in_o the_o neck_n or_o any_o other_o way_n easy_o than_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n the_o vessel_n will_v probable_o be_v leave_v entire_a i_o say_v probable_o because_o sometime_o in_o such_o experiment_n something_o may_v intervene_v which_o require_v further_a trial_n and_o observation_n to_o discover_v since_o i_o have_v in_o other_o experiment_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n rise_v a_o considerable_a height_n in_o the_o stem_n without_o break_v the_o bottle_n and_o i_o have_v sometime_o have_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o a_o liquor_n freeze_v in_o a_o stop_a vial_n without_o break_v it_o as_o if_o the_o success_n be_v vary_a by_o some_o uncommon_a property_n in_o the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ice_n of_o wine_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o a_o butt_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n continue_v unthaw_v in_o may._n purchas_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o find_v lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v 20_o fathom_n under_o water_n and_o 12_o above_o and_o the_o other_o 18_o fathom_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o 10_o above_o it_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o purchas_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o russia_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n make_v it_o fruitful_a cold._n of_o the_o separation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n cold_a
have_v upon_o occult_a quality_n as_o well_o as_o manifest_a one_o and_o likewise_o upon_o fermentation_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o retardate_v the_o work_n of_o ale_n extreme_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o must_v may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o deep_a well_o or_o if_o let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n and_o will_v when_o take_v up_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o ferment_n than_o other_o parcel_n of_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o warm_a air._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o most_o spirituous_a part_n of_o liquor_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o collect_v together_o by_o a_o congelation_n of_o the_o phlegm_n wherefore_o to_o try_v what_o cold_a will_v effect_v in_o our_o climate_n i_o hang_v out_o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n in_o a_o sharp_a night_n and_o find_v that_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v be_v very_o strong_a and_o spirituous_a the_o freeze_a part_n be_v spiritless_a but_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v mix_v with_o water_n congelation_n separate_v not_o their_o part_n nor_o do_v it_o separate_v the_o red_a and_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o claret_n i_o make_v several_a trial_n upon_o milk_n and_o blood_n as_o also_o on_o vinegar_n in_o which_o my_o attempt_n prove_v insatisfactory_a but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n be_v make_v in_o 24_o part_n of_o water_n so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o strong_a as_o the_o sea-water_n about_o we_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o a_o flat_a vessel_n which_o be_v the_o large_a that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v considerable_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o acquire_v another_o which_o when_o dissolve_v yield_a water_n not_o near_o so_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o remain_v unfreeze_v and_o be_v hydrostatical_o weigh_v be_v considerable_o light_a have_v expose_v several_a vegetable_a and_o animal_n substance_n to_o be_v freeze_v i_o find_v that_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o can_v discover_v their_o succulent_a juice_n and_o squeeze_v they_o out_o in_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v do_v by_o cut_v they_o transverse_o and_o length_n way_n i_o can_v discover_v also_o the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o the_o pore_n in_o which_o those_o juice_n lodge_v among_o the_o animal_n substance_n expose_v to_o freeze_v be_v the_o eye_n and_o the_o brain_n of_o animal_n which_o by_o be_v freeze_v will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v dissect_v the_o latter_a when_o cut_v in_o two_o seem_a like_o a_o apple_n freeze_v the_o ventricles_n and_o iâ—…_n whole_a substance_n be_v fill_v with_o icy_a particle_n neither_o a_o eye_n nor_o a_o liver_n lean_a flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o a_o live_a frog_n will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v when_o put_v into_o water_n after_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o flesh_n be_v usual_o much_o impair_v by_o be_v freeze_v i_o suppose_v it_o to_o proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o alimental_a juice_n be_v expend_v by_o freeze_a have_v not_o its_o own_o texture_n alter_v only_o but_o even_o the_o solid_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v thereby_o bruise_v and_o crush_v for_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o alimental_a juice_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n of_o stone_n and_o vegetable_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o powerful_a congelation_n of_o their_o respective_a juice_n which_o will_v be_v less_o wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o aqueous_a part_n by_o their_o expansion_n be_v able_a to_o burst_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n have_v i_o have_v leisure_n and_o conveniency_n i_o will_v have_v try_v what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o animal_n freeze_v to_o death_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o rabbit_n to_o the_o cold_a all_o night_n i_o find_v that_o only_o one_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o a_o little_a stiff_a but_o a_o strangle_a rabbit_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v ice_n be_v produce_v in_o several_a part_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a modern_a writer_n that_o if_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n of_o vegetable_n upon_o congelation_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v several_a time_n try_v the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o either_o false_a or_o very_o contingent_a since_o it_o do_v not_o once_o answer_v expectation_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n to_o freeze_v i_o find_v that_o the_o crystal_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v prismatical_a and_o that_o under_o those_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n of_o ice_n but_o not_o range_v in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n and_o though_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o if_o a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n be_v freeze_v it_o will_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v except_o that_o once_o there_o appear_v the_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o a_o single_a leaf_n but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o fair_a water_n freeze_v will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n often_o than_o their_o decoction_n and_o though_o berigardus_n also_o affirm_v the_o same_o yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o he_o only_o wirt_z without_o try_v the_o experiment_n himself_o and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o prepossessed_a spectator_n may_v fancy_v they_o see_v such_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v not_o for_o though_o sea-salt_n and_o alum_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o determinate_a figure_n yet_o when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n they_o exhibit_v figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o chance_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o by_o distil_v and_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o sea-salt_n in_o a_o glass-head_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v vary_a so_o will_v the_o figure_n of_o tree_n be_v represent_v different_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n produce_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n from_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o though_o figure_v curious_a enough_o will_v be_v represent_v by_o spirit_n solution_n decoction_n vinegar_n milk_n and_o even_o common_a water_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o hope_v for_o the_o same_o success_n and_o that_o the_o like_a figure_n shall_v always_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o same_o liquor_n since_o very_o small_a circumstance_n will_v vary_v they_o considerable_o and_o in_o try_v of_o such_o experiment_n as_o these_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o liquor_n shall_v be_v as_o shallow_a as_o it_o possible_o may_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o speedy_o freeze_v a_o freeze_a egg_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o common_a water_n it_o gather_v not_o about_o it_o any_o crusty_a film_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n wood_n that_o though_o new-england_n be_v 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n yet_o the_o winter_n be_v much_o more_o pierce_a and_o cold_a than_o we_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xviii_o title_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a power_n of_o wind_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v so_o much_o more_o cold_a than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v blow_v through_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o will_v cause_v not_o only_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o subside_o but_o be_v blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o another_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o the_o liquor_n but_o even_o mercury_n itself_o will_v be_v force_v to_o ascend_v though_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n can_v not_o cause_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o have_v often_o try_v that_o when_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o that_o though_o when_o first_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o nice_a thermoscope_n it_o will_v not_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v yet_o at_o another_o season_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n ascend_v as_o if_o the_o air_n by_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v in_o the_o room_n have_v some_o sensible_a effect_n in_o compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o thermoscope_n to_o try_v whether_o liquor_n by_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v consistent_a will_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n i_o cause_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n to_o be_v immerse_v in_o salad-oil_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o vinegar_n or_o of_o quicklime_n in_o water_n either_o of_o which_o will_v coagulate_v the_o oil_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o
the_o mixture_n though_o consistent_a be_v cold_o than_o the_o fluid_a ingredient_n to_o try_v whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n we_o take_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n then_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o freeze_a it_o from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixtre_n when_o the_o include_v air_n be_v compress_v as_o much_o as_o we_o think_v the_o glass_n will_v bear_v we_o nip_v off_o the_o apex_n and_o find_v that_o thereupon_o the_o air_n fly_v out_o and_o the_o water_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o its_o former_a surface_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compress_v ⅜_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n but_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o some_o springiness_n in_o the_o ice_n 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that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n fall_v upon_o a_o table_n keep_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v not_o so_o far_o prevalent_a above_o its_o tenacity_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v beside_o it_o be_v prevent_v partly_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o be_v globous_a figure_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o its_o aversion_n to_o spread_v upon_o a_o dry_a body_n and_o its_o disposition_n to_o shun_v contrary_n be_v evident_a since_o it_o retain_v the_o like_a figure_n when_o mix_v with_o fluid_a oil_n and_o mercury_n on_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v a_o globular_a figure_n upon_o a_o table_n yet_o if_o put_v upon_o gold_n it_o lose_v that_o figure_n antiperistasis_n whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o what_o reason_n 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piece_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v it_o nor_o do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v present_o dissolve_v examine_v another_o argument_n examine_v another_o argument_n allege_v for_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v the_o freeze_a of_o a_o pot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o stool_n at_o the_o fire_n side_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v likewise_o succeed_v where_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n near_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n invigorate_n the_o cold._n another_o experiment_n employ_v by_o the_o asserter_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v that_o if_o a_o pot_n of_o snow_n be_v set_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o
the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n for_o which_o reason_n deep_a cellar_n be_v general_o warm_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o deep_a mine_n in_o hungary_n be_v always_o the_o hot_a and_o though_o the_o upper_a region_n in_o some_o measure_n seem_v cold_a yet_o that_o may_v easy_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n when_o out_o of_o the_o warm_a air_n we_o find_v it_o comparative_o cold_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o groove_n and_o in_o our_o ascent_n cold_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o region_n which_o be_v near_a the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v hot_a than_o the_o uppermost_a be_v not_o only_o evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v but_o from_o what_o archbishop_n vpsal_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o deep_a mountain_n in_o poland_n from_o whence_o they_o dig_v rock-salt_n and_o though_o the_o heat_n of_o spring_n in_o the_o winter_n may_v be_v allege_v by_o some_o 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that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o river_n peking_n near_o china_n which_o thaw_v in_o one_o day_n begin_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o thaw_v upward_o and_o in_o these_o thaw_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v foretell_v by_o a_o great_a boil_a of_o the_o water_n first_o under_o the_o ice_n and_o that_o such_o effluvia_fw-la be_v detain_v from_o fly_v away_o and_o keep_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n appear_v further_o since_o in_o muscow_n when_o a_o cellar_n have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v when_o first_o the_o door_n be_v open_v the_o steam_n will_v affect_v the_o man_n so_o powerful_o as_o almost_o to_o suffocate_v they_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o retention_n of_o hot_a effluvia_fw-la depend_v on_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o on_o the_o disposition_n of_o hot_a vapour_n to_o fly_v away_o from_o their_o contrary_n since_o we_o see_v that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o disposition_n the_o vapour_n of_o a_o well_o rather_o disperse_v themselves_o in_o the_o air_n than_o fly_v away_o from_o it_o but_o to_o disprove_v the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n which_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n fix_v to_o one_o end_n of_o it_o have_v that_o end_n make_v red_a hot_a and_o quench_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o heat_n do_v not_o recede_v into_o the_o other_o end_n to_o avoid_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n but_o a_o more_o convince_a experiment_n be_v that_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o water_n when_o that_o glass_n be_v place_v in_o hot_a water_n the_o coldness_n of_o that_o in_o the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o weatherglass_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_n water_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o other_o it_o manifest_o 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what_o have_v be_v say_v evince_n the_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v subject_a to_o vary_v in_o their_o temperature_n as_o the_o wether_n influence_n they_o yet_o subterraneal_a cavity_n than_o be_v very_o deep_o be_v neither_o hot_a or_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n or_o summer_n and_o though_o zucchius_n have_v undertake_v to_o measure_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o weather-glass_n yet_o since_o ordinary_a weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o it_o and_o since_o some_o place_n be_v full_a of_o subterraneal_a vapour_n than_o other_o and_o consequent_o the_o sudden_a ascent_n of_o exhalation_n may_v present_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o i_o think_v the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v by_o the_o
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 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sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n when_o suspend_v in_o water_n so_o that_o the_o external_n air_n can_v effect_v it_o and_o though_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n produce_v cold_a prosper_v alpinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la aegyptiorum_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o have_v find_v the_o wind_n in_o those_o torrid_a region_n insufferable_o hot_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wind_n near_o ormus_n have_v be_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o destroy_v a_o army_n of_o man_n at_o once_o and_o though_o some_o wind_n put_v into_o motion_n feel_v cold_a yet_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n and_o the_o deep_a penetration_n of_o that_o fluid_a into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o have_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o comparative_a coldness_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v it_o not_o at_o all_o except_o sometime_o by_o accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
water_n sever_v from_o it_o by_o ice_n nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a beside_o i_o think_v it_o altogether_o inconceivable_a how_o wind_n by_o take_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n shall_v cause_v the_o water_n within_o to_o freeze_v since_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n be_v a_o action_n much_o different_a from_o the_o put_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o a_o tremble_a motion_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o water_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o a_o strong_a wind_n against_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n though_o it_o will_v when_o enclose_v in_o liquor_n where_o no_o wind_n can_v come_v at_o it_o and_o those_o two_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o freeze_v themselves_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n give_v it_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o some_o well_n freeze_v not_o because_o the_o wind_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o blow_v strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o those_o well_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v when_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a wind_n blow_v will_v freeze_v though_o cover_v over_o and_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o cold_a winter_n whether_o the_o wind_n blow_n or_o not_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o lightness_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o bubble_n receive_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v freeze_a the_o contrary_a be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n will_v be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o bubble_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o free_a air._n postscript_n to_o conclude_v this_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v instead_o of_o some_o other_o experiment_n design_v for_o this_o treatise_n subjoin_v a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n viz._n take_v a_o piece_n of_o cork_n and_o have_v burn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o black_a coal_n and_o then_o have_v slack_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n it_o will_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o gum-water_n form_n a_o black_a ink_n which_o you_o may_v write_v what_o you_o please_v with_o which_o write_v if_o it_o be_v interline_v with_o a_o colourless_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n upon_o wet_v the_o paper_n with_o a_o sponge_n dip_v in_o a_o fluid_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o mix_v three_o part_n of_o quicklime_n and_o one_o of_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o digest_v they_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o sixteen_o part_n of_o water_n the_o invisible_a solution_n of_o minium_n will_v exhibit_v black_a letter_n and_o the_o other_o black_a one_o will_v disappear_v but_o whilst_o this_o fetid_v liquor_n be_v prepare_v it_o must_v be_v well_o shake_v several_a time_n that_o the_o quicklime_n and_o the_o powder_a orpiment_n may_v the_o better_a impregnate_n it_o and_o then_o the_o decant_v and_o filter_v liquor_n must_v be_v keep_v for_o use_v but_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n of_o make_v ink_n which_o i_o can_v be_v glad_a 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when_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a at_o the_o top_n the_o same_o succeed_v with_o water_n throw_v upon_o a_o table_n the_o cold_a water_n be_v first_o freeze_v a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n with_o a_o stem_n a_o foot_n long_o and_o half_o fill_v be_v exhaust_v of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it be_v almost_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o water_v expose_v in_o a_o open_a pan_n and_o appear_v white_a seem_v to_o consist_v pure_o of_o bubble_n water_n in_o which_o arsenic_n be_v eight_o month_n infuse_v congeal_a into_o a_o white_a ice_n soon_o than_o water_n and_o so_o do_v solution_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vitriol_n and_o soon_o than_o solution_n of_o other_o salt_n except_o alum_n which_o freeze_v into_o a_o ice_n white_a than_o milk_n and_o stick_v so_o fast_o to_o the_o pan_n that_o i_o can_v scarce_o separate_v it_o sandever_n present_o freeze_v but_o eris_n soon_o and_o kelp_n in_o less_o time_n than_o that_o all_o of_o they_o form_v white_a lump_n of_o ice_n salarmoniack_a frequent_o freeze_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o but_o once_o after_o they_o two_o dram_n of_o common_a salt_n dissolve_v in_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v in_o hard_a frost_n congeal_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n in_o about_o thirty_o hour_n stink_v sea-water_n full_a of_o salt_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o beer-glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o film_n of_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o ½_n a_o crown_n in_o twenty_o six_o hour_n when_o freeze_v it_o taste_v salt_n and_o smell_v stink_v but_o when_o thaw_v it_o have_v lose_v the_o fetor_n in_o four_o day_n more_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v but_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n taste_v sharp_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o same_o water_n in_o broad_a pan_n be_v quite_o freeze_v through_o in_o thirty_o six_o hour_n and_o soon_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n neither_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt-petre_n noâ—_n bay-salt_n nor_o salarmoniack_a be_v freeze_v in_o six_o day_n but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n freeze_v in_o a_o little_a more_o time_n than_o water_n and_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o tube_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n top_n and_o side_n all_o once_o whereas_o other_o liquor_n freeze_v uniform_o either_o at_o the_o top_n or_o bottom_n first_o salt-petre_n in_o a_o cold_a season_n be_v in_o twenty_o eight_o hour_n freeze_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n which_o be_v mistake_v for_o sal-prunel_a and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o that_o salt_n usual_o do_v a_o lixivium_n of_o it_o make_v with_o copperas_n or_o alum_n single_o or_o mix_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n or_o snow_n alone_o be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n salgem_n though_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o phlegm_n of_o vitriol_n freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o solution_n before_o mention_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v coagulate_v soon_o than_o any_o of_o the_o afore_o mention_v liquor_n except_o water_n a_o large_a tube_n be_v fill_v ¼_n with_o it_o and_o be_v freeze_v taste_v of_o a_o strong_a vitriolate_a taste_n the_o coagulate_v part_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n than_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v pour_v together_o in_o a_o bottle_n it_o become_v too_o hot_a to_o hold_v in_o one_o hand_n this_o coagulate_v part_v remain_v unthaw_v a_o week_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o another_o tube_n of_o the_o same_o oil_n be_v whole_o freeze_v it_o subsided_a ½_n a_o inch_n below_o its_o station_n to_o which_o it_o rise_v again_o upon_o a_o thaw_n but_o the_o other_o liquor_n rise_v upon_o congelation_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n but_o three_o part_n of_o ale_n continue_v unfreeze_v after_o six_o day_n hard_a frost_n but_o at_o four_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n taste_v much_o strong_a and_o brisk_a than_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n be_v less_o firm_a and_o full_a of_o bubble_n than_o common_a ice_n and_o be_v thaw_v be_v very_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a aleish_n taste_v a_o beer-glass_n of_o hull-ale_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o glass_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o half_o a_o crown_n and_o that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o yield_v another_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v these_o laminae_fw-la be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o taste_v but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o most_o tender_a this_o ale_n will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o which_o i_o expose_v before_o hull-ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o thirty_o five_o hour_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o soft_a ice_n which_o have_v the_o genuine_a
colour_n and_o taste_v of_o wine_n in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n canary_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n which_o grow_v no_o thick_a in_o four_o day_n but_o neither_o claret_n or_o canary_n will_v freeze_v in_o tube_n or_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n all_o evaporate_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o brandy_n leave_v about_o a_o spoonful_n of_o ice_n void_a both_o of_o taste_n and_o it_o be_v inflammable_a quality_n but_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n it_o discover_v several_a bubble_n a_o ox_n and_o a_o sheep_n eye_n be_v both_o freeze_v through_o in_o one_o night_n the_o three_o humour_n be_v opacous_a hard_a and_o inseparable_a the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v white_a like_o whiting_n boil_v the_o waterish_a and_o glassy_a humour_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o flake_n of_o ice_n sheep_n blood_n expose_v to_o freeze_v the_o serum_n be_v turn_v to_o ice_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o thaw_v at_o the_o fire_n congeal_v a_o second_o time_n into_o a_o membranous_a substance_n but_o the_o blood_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o freeze_v the_o heart_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la of_o a_o dog_n and_o cat_n expose_v dead_a to_o the_o air_n be_v both_o freeze_v milk_n freeze_v into_o white_a flake_n be_v soft_a and_o with_o few_o bubble_n in_o it_o and_o retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n the_o yolk_n and_o whites_n of_o egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n they_o thaw_v best_a by_o lie_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o egg_n though_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v will_v produce_v chickens-egg_n hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v will_v acquire_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o inward_a part_n of_o it_o still_o remain_v freeze_v and_o if_o those_o egg_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v poch_v they_o will_v be_v very_o tough_a a_o egg_n and_o a_o apple_n be_v suspend_v two_o foot_n deep_a in_o a_o cistern_n and_o take_v up_o after_o twenty_o four_o hour_n though_o both_o of_o they_o be_v full_a of_o ice_n within_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v contract_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n horse-radish_n and_o onion_n freeze_v yet_o beer_n in_o which_o horseradish_n and_o scurvey-grass_n be_v infuse_v will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o strong_a beer_n without_o they_o orange_n and_o lemon_n freeze_v have_v a_o hard_a and_o tough_a rind_n and_o lose_v their_o genuine_a taste_n and_o when_o thaw_v they_o soon_o become_v rot_v apple_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n will_v have_v a_o thin_a ice_n on_o both_o plain_n which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o a_o knife_n or_o the_o touch_n the_o skin_n of_o these_o apple_n soon_o turn_v brown_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v there_o oil_n expose_v look_v like_o butter_n melt_v and_o coagulate_v again_o but_o in_o cave_n and_o cellar_n it_o will_v never_o appear_v more_o than_o candy_a white_a wine-vinegar_n freeze_v in_o a_o tube_n without_o apparent_a bubble_n whatever_o have_v a_o watery_a humour_n in_o it_o will_v coagulate_v but_o what_o will_v not_o the_o next_o paragraph_n contain_v spirit_n of_o wine_n aq._n mariae_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la &c_n &c_n and_o canary_n in_o large_a vessel_n soap-boilers_a lees_n spirit_n of_o salt_n vitriol_n salt-petre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o sulphur_n and_o spirit_n of_o soot_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o the_o two_o last_o afford_v a_o precipitate_v the_o first_o of_o the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o brimstone_n but_o not_o inflammable_a the_o latter_a a_o yellowish_a powder_n more_o bitter_a than_o the_o spirit_n and_o inflammable_a but_o though_o these_o spirit_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o be_v mix_v with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n all_o of_o they_o freeze_v except_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nitre_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la i_o be_o tell_v that_o one_o have_v dissolve_v ice_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n find_v it_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o figure_n of_o liquor_n freeze_v alum_n appear_v in_o lump_n salt-petre_n tartar_n milk_n ale_n wine_n and_o salarmoniack_a in_o plate_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o compose_v a_o soft_a ice_n seened_a to_o be_v compose_v of_o globuli_fw-la adhere_v to_o each_o other_o water_n kelp_n and_o frit_n resemble_v the_o fibre_n of_o a_o oaken_a leaf_n the_o interstice_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o smooth_a ice_n and_o the_o middle_a fibres_fw-fr as_o in_o plant_n appear_v large_a than_o the_o other_o and_o make_v acute_a angle_n at_o the_o lesser_a end_n of_o the_o leaf_n but_o as_o for_o the_o figure_n of_o freeze_a urine_n those_o have_v be_v accurate_o describe_v by_o the_o curious_a mr._n hook_n i_o shall_v pass_v that_o part_n of_o my_o task_n by_o i_o take_v the_o salt_n of_o rosemary_n rue_n scurvey-grass_n mint_n and_o plantain_n and_o put_v ½_n or_o ¾_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o each_o into_o ½_n of_o a_o pint_n of_o their_o distil_a water_n the_o rue_n and_o plantain_n be_v seal_v up_o none_o of_o they_o freeze_v resemble_v the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o the_o aromatic_a water_n be_v much_o enrich_v in_o their_o scent_n especial_o the_o rosemary_n kelp_n freeze_v represent_v the_o leaf_n of_o alga_n marina_n a_o recipient_a full_a of_o water_n be_v freeze_v and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ice_n break_v there_o appear_v a_o cavity_n within_o which_o be_v thick_o set_v with_o plate_n of_o ice_n from_o which_o stiriae_fw-la appear_v on_o each_o side_n like_o the_o tooth_n of_o comb_n some_o of_o which_o stand_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o i_o can_v put_v my_o finger_n betwixt_o they_o a_o flask_n full_a of_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n like_o tailed_a hailshot_n the_o sharp_a point_n of_o all_o of_o they_o point_v upward_o they_o have_v cavity_n which_o will_v admit_v a_o pin_n into_o they_o and_o may_v be_v discern_v in_o the_o ice_n appear_v like_o black_a spot_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v contain_v a_o cavity_n fill_v with_o water_n in_o which_o be_v several_a of_o these_o bubble_n imperfect_o form_v all_o the_o liquor_n i_o make_v experiment_n with_o do_v sensible_o rise_v above_o the_o mark_n before_o they_o freeze_v and_o more_o after_o congelation_n vinegar_n and_o urine_n rise_v ½_n a_o inch_n and_o lees_n make_v of_o salt_n of_o rosemary_n kelp_n and_o frit_n about_o ½_n of_o a_o inch._n solution_n of_o alum_n and_o copperas_n less_o and_o saline_n liquor_n in_o general_n less_o than_o water_n which_o rise_v a_o full_a inch_n and_o small_a beer_n in_o a_o narrow_a tube_n four_o inch_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n alone_o subside_v below_o the_o mark_n hot_a water_n subside_v till_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o then_o rise_v again_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o beer-glass_n rise_v up_o and_o form_n solid_a triangle_n but_o the_o rise_n of_o it_o be_v more_o visible_a in_o narrow_a glass_n ice_n in_o a_o flask_n rise_v four_o inch_n above_o the_o water-mark_a and_o hang_v two_o inch_n out_o of_o it_o but_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n it_o rise_v five_o inch_n above_o the_o water-mark_a if_o glass_n be_v fill_v about_o ⅔_n full_a they_o seldom_o break_v round_o spherical_a glass_n usual_o break_v uniform_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v fill_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n with_o water_n the_o top_n which_o be_v twelve_o inch_n above_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o upon_o which_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v three_o inch_n into_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o that_o point_n several_a line_n run_v as_o from_o a_o pole_n to_o the_o meridian_n but_o none_o of_o they_o go_v round_o the_o glass_n nor_o be_v they_o all_o of_o the_o same_o length_n in_o a_o flask_n crack_v in_o many_o place_n the_o crack_n be_v irregular_a glass_n bottle_n and_o stone-jug_n keep_v little_a order_n in_o break_v and_o metal_n none_o at_o all_o but_o wood_n cleave_v with_o the_o grain_n two_o oval_a box_n one_o of_o box_n and_o another_o of_o maple_n contain_v each_o two_o ounce_n be_v fill_v full_a and_o by_o the_o frost_n in_o one_o night_n be_v crack_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n a_o pepper-box_n of_o latin_a have_v its_o neck_n break_v off_o and_o the_o joint_n at_o the_o bottom_n loosen_a lead-pipe_n above_o ground_n be_v break_v in_o many_o place_n and_o some_o that_o lay_v a_o foot_n under_o ground_n brass-lock_n and_o barrel_n of_o pump_n usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n a_o copper-box_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pear_n be_v crack_v the_o four_o time_n it_o be_v freeze_v the_o cylinder_n of_o a_o silver_n ink-horn_n bear_v the_o frost_n but_o a_o silverball_a be_v considerable_o extend_v by_o the_o frost_n tobacco-pipe_n and_o earthen_a ware_n be_v burst_v with_o the_o
frost_n and_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o stone-building_n scale_v upon_o a_o thaw_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o north_n side_n of_o building_n first_o decay_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n that_o have_v chink_n in_o they_o usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n but_o solid_a marble_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v frost_n affect_v those_o stone_n or_o bituman_n which_o will_v bear_v a_o polish_v ice_n lay_v on_o a_o table_n and_o have_v salt_n strew_v upon_o it_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v without_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o salt_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o ice_n down_o to_o the_o board_n but_o if_o salt_n be_v strew_v betwixt_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o board_n it_o will_v not_o be_v freeze_v to_o it_o but_o thaw_v the_o follow_a salt_n cause_v not_o so_o firm_a a_o adhesion_n as_o common_a salt_n viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem_n prunel_n armon_n and_o pot-ash_n a_o nail_n hold_v betwixt_o my_o lip_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n a_o tincture_n of_o cochineel_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o another_o with_o a_o little_a sea-salt_n water_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o retain_v a_o equal_a colour_n in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o do_v a_o tincture_n of_o mades-weed_n and_o indigo_n a_o decoction_n of_o soot_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o concentration_n yet_o mr._n hook_n a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v observe_v the_o contrary_a effect_n egg_n and_o apples-froze_a differ_v not_o in_o weight_n nor_o do_v body_n weigh_v in_o seal_a glass_n frost_n render_v wood_n iron_n steel_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n more_o friable_a in_o frosty_a wether_n especial_o in_o those_o that_o be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o animal_n and_o fatten_v some_o it_o clear_v the_o air_n so_o that_o musty_a stone-bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v after_o a_o thaw_v be_v very_o sweet_a it_o likewise_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n so_o that_o in_o greenland_n nothing_o but_o glass_n grow_v as_o also_o in_o nova_n zembla_n ice_n the_o quality_n of_o ice_n as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v slippery_a smooth_a hard_a firm_a and_o strong_a diaphanous_a interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o whence_o proceed_v ray_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n i_o have_v see_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o thames_n eight_o inch_n thick_a and_o in_o garden-walks_a the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n thick_a but_o in_o rich_a soil_n it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n ice_n general_o swim_v but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n compress_v and_o moisten_v with_o water_n sink_v congeal_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n sink_v ice_n be_v cold_a than_o water_n and_o that_o quality_n be_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n or_o snow_n it_o have_v no_o smell_n but_o check_v that_o quality_n in_o other_o body_n it_o yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n promote_v freeze_v water_n fall_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n freeze_v and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n with_o sea-salt_n kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v promote_v freeze_v and_o if_o water_n be_v set_v upon_o such_o mixture_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n salt_n petre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o agitate_a in_o a_o cold_a season_n turn_v not_o the_o water_n into_o ice_n a_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n in_o a_o pan_n though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o the_o fire_n and_o thaw_v gradual_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v not_o water_n freeze_v in_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n in_o a_o cellar_n and_o likewise_o on_o sand_n and_o on_o the_o earthen_a floor_n they_o thaw_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o do_v egg_n and_o apple_n a_o syphon_n may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n through_o which_o water_n will_v run_v very_o fast_o another_o use_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n be_v for_o refraction_n of_o which_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v a_o learned_a demonstration_n have_v form_v ice_n into_o various_a figure_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o as_o those_o mention_v by_o dioptrick_n writer_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o by_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n behind_o it_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n deliver_v the_o follow_a proposition_n of_o it_o 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o the_o ray_n of_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_v and_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o globuli_fw-la by_o which_o they_o be_v reflect_v 3._o a_o cabbage_n putrify_v in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o snow_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v great_a housleek_n or_o american_n aloe_n destroy_v by_o cold_a in_o a_o upper_a room_n and_o sea-onion_n as_o well_o as_o common_a onion_n will_v be_v putrify_v by_o the_o cold._n 4._o snow_n yield_v vapour_n plentiful_o when_o melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n 5._o it_o melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n 6._o it_o contain_v a_o little_a earth_n in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a than_o old_a snow_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvygrass_n will_v grow_v under_o snow_n in_o garden_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v at_o a_o perfect_a stand_n the_o nutritious_a juice_n be_v congeal_v 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n whites_n of_o egg_n be_v beat_v into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n and_o this_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o trencher_n soon_o appear_v to_o be_v snow_n a_o pail_n be_v fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n hang_v over_o it_o the_o rise_a vapour_n stick_v to_o they_o form_v a_o hoar-frost_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v on_o the_o beard_n of_o man_n and_o the_o hair_n of_o other_o animal_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_n 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v flesh_n white_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o this_o bold_v in_o fish_n or_o flesh_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n this_o i_o can_v not_o discern_v 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v this_o 15._o a_o strong_a salt_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n it_o sometime_o fail_v the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v a_o spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o 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that_o in_o my_o study_n be_v raise_v four_o inch_n ¼_n in_o this_o cellar_n liquor_n that_o be_v freeze_v above_o ground_n will_v be_v thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o glass_n above_o ground_n subside_v into_o the_o ball_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cellar_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n in_o the_o cellar_n in_o january_n a_o pint-bottle_n of_o claret_n a_o glass-cane_n fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem._n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la in_o a_o night_n time_n be_v all_o freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o
those_o of_o the_o water_n into_o motion_n induce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o consequent_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o before_o cause_v heat_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n another_o argument_n allege_v for_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a be_v this_o from_o gassendus_fw-la cùm_fw-la per_fw-la hyemem_fw-la immittimus_fw-la manum_fw-la in_o labentis_fw-la fluminis_fw-la aquam_fw-la quod_fw-la frigus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la sentitur_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la dici_fw-la mera_fw-fr privatio_fw-la aliudque_fw-la prorsus_fw-la esse_fw-la apparet_fw-la sentiri_fw-la aquam_fw-la frigidam_fw-la &_o sentiri_fw-la non_fw-la calidam_fw-la et_fw-la fac_fw-la eandem_fw-la aquam_fw-la gelari_fw-la sentietur_fw-la haud_fw-la dubie_n frigidior_fw-la a_o dices_fw-la boc_fw-la esse_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidam_fw-la sentiri_fw-la atqui_fw-la calida_fw-la jam_fw-la antea_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ergò_fw-la potuit_fw-la minus_fw-la calida_fw-la effici_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o as_o when_o a_o stick_n be_v partly_o immerse_v in_o water_n shall_v we_o judge_v of_o it_o by_o what_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v conclude_v it_o break_v but_o our_o reason_n rectify_v the_o error_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v not_o beside_o sensation_n may_v depend_v on_o alteration_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n as_o well_o as_o on_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n as_o in_o hunger_n thirst_v coldness_n in_o ague_n and_o titilation_n upon_o venereal_a thought_n beside_o which_o argument_n that_o urge_v against_o the_o former_a objection_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o this_o and_o since_o water_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o ice_n it_o may_v in_o a_o philosophical_a sense_n be_v say_v to_o be_v comparitive_o warm_a and_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n it_o be_v cold_a 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that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o privation_n of_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n may_v occasion_v a_o contrary_a and_o probable_o the_o effect_n ascribe_v to_o cold._n four_o a_o four_o the_o next_o argument_n allege_v by_o gassendus_fw-la and_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v this_o fac_n manuum_fw-la immitti_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la nunc_fw-la calidam_fw-la nunc_fw-la frigidam_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la istam_fw-la non_fw-la intra_fw-la illam_fw-la refrigeratur_fw-la an_fw-mi quia_fw-la calor_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la retrabitur_fw-la manusque_fw-la proinde_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la calida_fw-la manus_fw-la at_o quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la refugit_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la reperiatur_fw-la nun_n frigas_fw-la at_o si_fw-la frigus_fw-la est_fw-la tantum_n privatio_fw-la quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la ab_fw-la illa_fw-la metuit_fw-la privatio_fw-la sane_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la adeo_fw-la nihil_fw-la agere_fw-la unde_fw-la ejus_fw-la motus_fw-la incutiatur_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o without_o suppose_v insensible_a matter_n to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o capable_a of_o proscecute_v or_o avoid_v what_o be_v hurtful_a to_o it_o this_o objection_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o warm_a water_n feel_v hot_a and_o cold_a affect_v we_o upon_o immerge_v our_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v because_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o be_v more_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o the_o sensory_a and_o the_o motion_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a be_v increase_v we_o feel_v a_o hot_a sensation_n and_o a_o cold_a one_o upon_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n five_o a_o five_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a that_o water_n be_v freeze_v by_o external_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o to_o show_v that_o argument_n prove_v not_o that_o cold_a act_n positive_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a explication_n of_o des_fw-fr cartes_n quia_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la partibus_fw-la bujus_fw-la aquae_fw-la circumfusa_fw-la crassior_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la subtilis_fw-la &_o consequenter_fw-la plum_n virium_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la illa_fw-la quae_fw-la circa_fw-la nivis_fw-la part_n herebat_fw-la locum_fw-la illius_fw-la occupo_fw-la dum_fw-la part_n nivis_fw-la liquescendo_fw-la partibus_fw-la salis_fw-la circumvolvuntur_fw-la facilius_fw-la enim_fw-la per_fw-la salsae_fw-la aquae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la dulcis_fw-la poros_fw-la movetur_fw-la &_o perpetuo_fw-la ex_fw-la corpore_fw-la uno_fw-la in_fw-la aliud_fw-la transire_fw-la nititur_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la ea_fw-la loca_fw-la perveniat_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la mortui_fw-la svo_fw-la minus_fw-la resistitur_fw-la quo_fw-la ipso_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilior_fw-la ex_fw-la nive_v in_fw-la aquam_fw-la penetrate_v ut_fw-la egredienti_fw-la succedat_fw-la &_o quum_fw-la non_fw-la satis_fw-la valida_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la continuandam_fw-la agitationem_fw-la huius_fw-la aquae_fw-la illam_fw-la concrescere_fw-la sinit_fw-la and_o in_o a_o similar_v manner_n calces_fw-la or_o precipitates_fw-la or_o other_o powder_n be_v dry_v by_o be_v place_v on_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n
in_o both_o successive_o and_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v cast_v into_o water_n scarce_o make_v it_o sensible_o cold_a nor_o do_v the_o glass_n wherein_o this_o salt_n be_v keep_v disclose_v any_o remarkable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o even_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n itself_o when_o the_o ebullition_n be_v over_o appear_v not_o cold_a than_o common_a water_n in_o a_o night_n time_n so_o that_o the_o coldness_n depend_v pure_o upon_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ferment_a liquor_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o spirit_n that_o be_v draw_v off_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o salt_n and_o which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o sense_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o instead_o of_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n it_o produce_v a_o lukewarm_a heat_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v further_o subjoin_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n above_o mention_v will_v produce_v a_o cold_a ferment_n with_o the_o dry_a salt_n yet_o with_o the_o spirit_n it_o grow_v warm_a though_o some_o of_o the_o same_o frigorifick_a spirit_n keep_v warm_a by_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n rise_v yet_o upon_o the_o inject_n of_o some_o of_o the_o dry_a salt_n it_o will_v be_v manifest_o depress_v nay_o though_o the_o spirit_n and_o salt_n be_v both_o warm_a yet_o upon_o their_o mixture_n they_o will_v produce_v a_o manifest_a coldness_n and_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v upon_o their_o ebullition_n a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o when_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o ferment_n the_o spirit_n be_v depress_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n though_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v heat_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o weatherglass_n successive_o immerse_v in_o either_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o mechanical_a origin_n or_o production_n of_o heat_n heat_n of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o heat_n heat_v be_v a_o quality_n who_o nature_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o mechanical_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n say_v to_o be_v hot_a it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o note_v that_o the_o three_o follow_a condition_n be_v necessary_a in_o modify_v that_o motion_n first_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o rapid_a than_o in_o body_n bare_o fluid_a so_o water_n become_v hot_a by_o a_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n which_o argue_v their_o vehement_a motion_n by_o dissolve_v butter_n and_o rise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o effect_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a as_o the_o degree_n of_o motion_n be_v great_a or_o less_o another_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o hot_a water_n be_v in_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n than_o those_o of_o cold_a be_v in_o water_n cast_v upon_o a_o hot_a iron_n for_o they_o present_o acquire_v such_o a_o additional_a motion_n from_o that_o hot_a body_n that_o it_o hiss_v and_o boil_v yield_v steam_n copious_o but_o a_o strong_a instance_n of_o the_o vehement_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o hot_a body_n be_v in_o actual_a flame_n since_o they_o move_v so_o impetuous_o as_o to_o dissolve_v and_o shatter_v whatever_o lie_v in_o their_o way_n a_o second_o condition_n requisite_a to_o render_v a_o body_n hot_a be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v various_o determine_v which_o variety_n of_o determination_n be_v apparent_a in_o fire_n which_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o the_o same_o body_n whatsoever_o be_v their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o fire_n so_o a_o red_a coal_n melt_v wax_n whether_o hold_v above_o below_z or_o on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o that_o a_o various_o determine_v motion_n be_v requisite_a appear_v if_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o rapid_a motion_n of_o water_n in_o a_o river_n which_o be_v only_o one_o way_n contribute_v not_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o its_o heat_n a_o three_o requisite_a be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o such_o a_o motion_n shall_v be_v very_a minute_n so_o as_o to_o be_v insensible_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o though_o sand_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n it_o acquire_v not_o a_o heat_n by_o it_o this_o account_n of_o heat_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o a_o body_n may_v become_v hot_a as_o many_o way_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v its_o part_n put_v into_o such_o a_o motion_n to_o illustrate_v which_o observation_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v some_o instance_n of_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n several_a way_n as_o first_o by_o a_o effusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n aq._n fortis_fw-la upon_o silver_n but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o common_a instance_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o some_o not_o so_o frequent_o know_v have_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o heat_n which_o succeed_v a_o effusion_n of_o cold_a water_n upon_o quicklime_n which_o phaenomenon_n though_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o lime_n in_o cold_a water_n yet_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o another_o cause_n appear_v since_o the_o like_a succeed_v if_o hot_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a and_o further_o because_o though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v on_o it_o cold_a no_o such_o effect_n follow_v experiment_n i._n though_o helmont_n ascribe_v the_o incalescence_n of_o quicklime_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n to_o a_o conflict_n of_o a_o alkalizate_n and_o a_o acid_a salt_n set_v at_o liberty_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o since_o no_o such_o acid_n appear_v to_o be_v latent_fw-la in_o quicklime_n the_o account_n be_v unsatisfactory_a for_o i_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v a_o acid_n latent_fw-la in_o other_o alkaly_n in_o as_o much_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o water_n either_o in_o the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n or_o in_o a_o vial_n afford_v a_o sensible_a heat_n experiment_n two_o iii_o iu_o other_o think_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n proceed_v from_o some_o fiery_a empyrumatical_a atom_n lodge_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o stone_n when_o calcine_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la but_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n since_o no_o such_o heat_n succeed_v a_o affusion_n of_o water_n upon_o minium_n or_o crocus_n martis_n per_fw-la se_fw-la though_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n argue_v that_o they_o be_v stuff_v with_o fiery_a and_o metalline_a particle_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o know_v two_o liquor_n which_o be_v several_a time_n separate_v and_o reconjoin_v without_o addition_n do_v at_o each_o congress_n acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n so_o salt_n of_o tartar_n several_a time_n free_v from_o water_n water_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n will_v produce_v heat_n when_o mix_v again_o with_o that_o water_n which_o show_v that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o impress_v upon_o all_o calcine_v body_n that_o will_v heat_n with_o water_n what_o pass_v for_o a_o empyreum_fw-la and_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o igneous_a part_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n press_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o motion_n so_o as_o to_o produce_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o ferment_n depend_v upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o salt_n i_o be_o persuade_v and_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o since_o sal-armon_a dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o boil_v to_o a_o dry_a salt_n be_v not_o so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o fiery_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o heat_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o water_n again_o but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o one_o will_v expect_v a_o great_a cognation_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n adhere_v to_o quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n whole_o inflammable_a yet_o the_o latter_a pour_v upon_o the_o former_a do_v not_o produce_v any_o sensible_a incalescence_n or_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o when_o this_o spirit_n be_v soak_v into_o it_o i_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o without_o perceive_v the_o least_o heat_n or_o the_o lime_n break_v till_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v suck_v into_o the_o most_o capacious_a pore_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o associate_a with_o the_o water_n render_v it_o more_o unfit_a to_o
penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n
may_v in_o part_n make_v amends_o for_o those_o corpuscle_n which_o have_v fly_v away_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o may_v be_v uncertain_a in_o other_o body_n which_o we_o have_v make_v trial_n with_o how_o much_o weight_n they_o have_v true_o receive_v from_o the_o fire_n since_o it_o be_v uncerain_v how_o much_o of_o their_o first_o weight_n may_v be_v lose_v in_o exhalation_n chap._n xvi_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o perviousness_n of_o glass_n to_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n experiment_n i._n to_o show_v that_o glass_n be_v pervious_a to_o the_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n i_o shall_v to_o the_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o subjoin_v that_o have_v fix_v a_o small_a pan_n which_o contain_v sulphur_n upon_o another_o which_o contain_v coal_n to_o continue_v its_o flame_n i_o contrive_v it_o so_o that_o nothing_o but_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n shall_v come_v at_o the_o retort_n and_o that_o the_o fire_n and_o smoke_n of_o the_o coal_n shall_v be_v carry_v off_o another_o way_n which_o be_v do_v two_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o tin_n be_v hermetical_o seall_v up_o in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v gradual_o expose_v three_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n there_o be_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o gray_a calx_fw-la at_o the_o bottom_n and_o upon_o some_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o which_o operation_n it_o gain_v four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v the_o metal_n acquire_v eleven_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v think_v that_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n depend_v upon_o particle_n of_o glass_n dissolve_v and_o fix_v upon_o the_o calces_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o several_a time_n expose_v glass_n to_o the_o fire_n without_o perceive_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n experiment_n ii_o though_o common_a sulphur_n be_v a_o body_n homogeneous_a enough_o consist_v of_o inflammable_a part_n and_o a_o acid_n near_o akin_a to_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o to_o vary_v the_o trial_n i_o make_v use_v of_o inflammable_a spirit_n of_o wine_n over_o the_o flame_n of_o which_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o a_o ounce_n of_o tin_n be_v hold_v for_o two_o hour_n the_o calx_fw-la be_v considerable_a in_o quantity_n be_v weigh_v together_o with_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o tin_n which_o be_v harden_v into_o a_o lump_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o have_v increase_v its_o weight_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a experiment_n iii_o a_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o retort_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n seven_o scruple_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o grayish_a calx_fw-la which_o be_v weigh_v again_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o appear_v the_o increase_n of_o weight_n be_v six_o grain_n nb._n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o flame_n which_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v turn_v into_o metal_n i_o weigh_v the_o calces_fw-la in_o air_n and_o water_n and_o find_v that_o whereas_o lead_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n as_o 11_o ½_n to_o 1_o this_o calx_fw-la be_v but_o as_o 9_o to_o 1._o from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o metal_n receive_v a_o increase_n of_o weight_n from_o flame_n and_o that_o too_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n but_o though_o i_o believe_v that_o glass_n be_v penetrable_a to_o the_o part_n of_o flame_n yet_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v that_o it_o be_v pervious_a either_o to_o chemical_a liquor_n quicksilver_n or_o air._n and_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v whether_o all_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n be_v fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n since_o metal_n acquire_v not_o so_o much_o weight_n when_o shut_v up_o in_o glass_n as_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a fire_n and_o it_o may_v be_v likewise_o consider_v whether_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v natural_o large_a enough_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o fire_n be_v igneous_a particle_n or_o whether_o their_o heat_n and_o rapid_a motion_n do_v not_o enlarge_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o contribute_v to_o their_o penetration_n of_o it_o for_o i_o know_v a_o menstruum_fw-la which_o will_v not_o work_v upon_o a_o metal_n whilst_o cold_a but_o when_o hot_a it_o will_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o powder_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o till_o i_o be_o further_a satisfy_v i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o determine_v whether_o the_o rectitude_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n contribute_v to_o the_o perviousness_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a vessel_n be_v pervious_a to_o the_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n or_o not_o have_v lay_v down_o these_o doubt_n i_o shall_v thence_o deduce_v the_o follow_a corollary_n corollary_n i._o confirm_v the_o parodox_n that_o flame_n may_v act_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la and_o make_v coalition_n with_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o from_o the_o experiment_n lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o flame_n be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la not_o only_o in_o dissolve_v but_o by_o associate_a with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o and_o thereby_o to_o add_v substance_n and_o weight_n to_o they_o and_o though_o it_o render_v not_o lead_n and_o tin_n liquid_a yet_o it_o may_v still_o be_v account_v a_o menstruum_fw-la it_o not_o be_v a_o constant_a property_n of_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o dissolve_v the_o body_n into_o a_o liquid_a since_o tin_n dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o when_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v draw_v from_o quicksilver_n it_o leave_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v dissoluble_a in_o water_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o this_o menstruum_fw-la be_v that_o whereas_o other_o menstruum_n be_v several_a time_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n dissolve_v in_o this_o the_o corrosive_n make_v but_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o body_n corrode_v corollary_n ii_o propose_v a_o paradox_n about_o calcination_n and_o calces_fw-la from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o body_n may_v be_v calcine_v without_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o substance_n drive_v away_o and_o only_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o some_o fix_a salt_n remain_v behind_o as_o the_o generality_n of_o chemist_n and_o philosopher_n teach_v since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o our_o trial_n no_o considerable_a particle_n fly_v away_o but_o that_o the_o metal_n gain_v more_o than_o it_o lose_v and_o hence_o we_o may_v have_v reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o those_o who_o suppose_v saccharum_n saturni_n to_o be_v the_o sweet_a salt_n extract_v by_o the_o spirit_n whereas_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o plentiful_o concur_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o it_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o a_o metal_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n not_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n or_o terra_fw-la damnata_fw-la but_o the_o magistery_n of_o it_o since_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v preserve_v and_o it_o only_o with_o a_o solvent_a acquire_v a_o new_a form_n and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o dry_a calx_fw-la of_o lead_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o malleable_a metal_n again_o without_o flux-powder_n or_o any_o other_o additament_n corollary_n iii_o from_o the_o forego_n trial_n it_o likewise_o appear_v what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o epicurean_a and_o cartesian_a doctrine_n of_o fire_n the_o one_o teach_v that_o though_o fire_n may_v penetrate_v glass_n yet_o it_o pass_v through_o metal_n without_o be_v arrest_v by_o they_o and_o the_o other_o that_o igneous_a particle_n can_v penetrate_v glass_n whether_o fire_n be_v arrest_v in_o meat_n as_o it_o roast_v or_o not_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o if_o it_o do_v it_o may_v be_v considerable_a in_o reference_n to_o man_n health_n to_o employ_v fire_n which_o may_v be_v least_o noxious_a corollary_n iu._n from_o hence_o it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o so_o subtle_a spirituous_a and_o fugitive_n a_o body_n as_o fire_n may_v by_o unite_n with_o congruous_a part_n of_o matter_n form_n a_o ponderous_a and_o stable_a body_n and_o whether_o the_o sunbeam_n may_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o several_a body_n it_o work_v upon_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o i_o shall_v also_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v whether_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n and_o flame_n that_o be_v subtle_a and_o agitate_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n and_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o include_v body_n be_v reduce_v by_o ignition_n to_o the_o same_o form_n or_o else_o
soon_o as_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o the_o vial_n be_v unstop_v and_o that_o the_o accension_n and_o propagation_n of_o this_o flame_n depend_v on_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o air_n appear_v since_o agitation_n will_v not_o kindle_v it_o but_o when_o the_o bottle_n be_v unstop_v the_o kindle_a flame_n will_v gradual_o be_v propagate_v downward_o and_o if_o a_o few_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v only_o let_v in_o by_o remove_v the_o cork_n aside_o and_o put_v it_o close_o in_o again_o the_o flame_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o fume_n without_o be_v able_a to_o propagate_v itself_o much_o downward_o to_o which_o observation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o when_o the_o flame_n appear_v it_o be_v most_o vivid_v the_o near_o the_o air_n and_o when_o it_o be_v extinguish_v it_o first_o disappear_v in_o the_o bottom_n and_o then_o expire_v at_o the_o top_n but_o when_o the_o vial_n have_v be_v unstop_v for_o some_o time_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v again_o the_o air_n that_o have_v leisurely_o insinuate_v itself_o will_v cherish_v the_o flame_n for_o a_o hour_n or_o two_o 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o the_o air_n have_v be_v long_o pen_v up_o with_o this_o shine_a liquor_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o weaken_v that_o when_o the_o vial_n be_v unstop_v the_o external_a air_n will_v present_o rush_v in_o again_o from_z whence_o appear_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o air_n in_o promote_a the_o shine_a of_o this_o acry_n noctiluca_n noctiluca_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o noctiluca_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n shall_v contribute_v to_o such_o phaenomena_n i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a conjecture_n viz._n that_o the_o saline_n part_v of_o the_o air_n cause_v a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o fume_n of_o the_o liquor_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v brisk_o agitate_a be_v either_o convey_v to_o or_o unite_v with_o the_o common_a aether_n and_o affect_v the_o eye_n joint_o and_o though_o mr._n craft_n consistent_a noctiluca_n shine_v when_o close_v up_o from_o the_o air_n yet_o that_o may_v be_v attribute_v partly_o to_o the_o viscousness_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n which_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o be_v dissipate_v which_o i_o be_o the_o apt_a to_o believe_v since_o it_o be_v once_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n it_o be_v considerable_o waste_v and_o be_v render_v much_o more_o violent_a so_o that_o it_o produce_v considerable_a effect_n of_o actual_a heat_n but_o though_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v thus_o to_o the_o shine_a of_o these_o noctiluca_n by_o put_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fume_n into_o a_o brisk_a agitation_n yet_o whether_o it_o act_v immediate_o on_o the_o fumid_a matter_n it_o invade_v or_o whether_o it_o dissipate_v it_o or_o act_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o vital_a spirit_n or_o further_o whether_o the_o air_n unite_n with_o these_o fume_n form_n a_o body_n fit_a to_o be_v agitate_a about_o by_o the_o aether_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o observation_n 4._o though_o agitation_n before_o the_o vial_n be_v unstop_v will_v not_o kindle_v the_o light_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v open_v it_o will_v be_v increase_v by_o it_o and_o even_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o dark_a state_n if_o i_o pour_v a_o little_a of_o it_o upon_o my_o hand_n and_o rub_v it_o with_o my_o finger_n it_o will_v present_o become_v vivid_v and_o emit_v store_n of_o luminous_a ray_n as_o well_o as_o fume_n very_o offensive_a to_o the_o nostril_n and_o when_o i_o cease_v to_o rub_v and_o the_o luminous_a quality_n be_v lose_v it_o will_v be_v renew_v again_o by_o a_o repeat_v attrition_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n its_o lucid_a virtue_n will_v decay_v 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o light_n of_o this_o luminous_a matter_n it_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o some_o rot_a wood_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o ray_n of_o it_o be_v reflect_v but_o weak_o by_o black_a body_n but_o appear_v very_o lucid_a when_o enclose_v in_o white_a one_o though_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o ray_n of_o it_o reflect_v from_o a_o reddish_a diamond_n or_o a_o emerald_n this_o light_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o be_v opacous_a but_o transparent_a when_o hold_v near_o external_a light_n and_o interpose_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o eye_n 6._o i_o try_v whether_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v excite_v those_o fume_n which_o be_v concomitant_n of_o its_o luminousness_n but_o can_v not_o perceive_v they_o raise_v in_o the_o least_o as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o liquor_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v it_o upon_o my_o tongue_n either_o acid_n or_o alkalizate_n but_o empyreumatical_a almost_o like_o that_o of_o spirit_n of_o crude_a tartar_n its_o smell_n be_v like_o that_o of_o a_o empyreumatical_a oil_n compound_v with_o a_o stink_n like_o that_o of_o stale_a urine_n it_o turn_v not_o syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a as_o volatile_a alkaly_n or_o urinous_a salt_n do_v nor_o do_v it_o by_o other_o trial_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o acid_n 7._o this_o liquor_n in_o its_o lucid_a state_n be_v agitate_a several_a consistent_a particle_n be_v by_o that_o agitation_n raise_v and_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n appear_v to_o be_v more_o lucid_a than_o the_o fume_n have_v wet_a my_o finger_n with_o this_o liquor_n and_o rub_v it_o upon_o my_o hand_n till_o it_o become_v luminous_a i_o immerse_v my_o finger_n in_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v but_o when_o i_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o rub_v it_o again_o it_o become_v lucid_a as_o before_o 8._o but_o twice_o i_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o peculiar_a temper_n in_o the_o air_n that_o it_o continue_v to_o flame_v twelve_o or_o fifteen_o hour_n after_o it_o have_v be_v stop_v up_o and_o at_o last_o this_o liquor_n become_v so_o effaete_fw-la that_o it_o will_v not_o yield_v light_n till_o its_o part_n be_v agitate_a by_o attrition_n or_o put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 9_o to_o what_o observation_n have_v be_v already_o make_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a make_v on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o vial._n observation_n on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o vial._n 1._o the_o liquor_n be_v muddy_a shine_v ten_o hour_n after_o it_o be_v first_o pour_v into_o the_o vial_n and_o when_o the_o vial_n be_v unstop_v the_o fume_n be_v put_v into_o a_o circular_a motion_n round_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n like_o a_o whirlwind_n which_o perhaps_o may_v depend_v in_o some_o measure_n on_o the_o violent_a ingress_n of_o air_n upon_o open_v the_o vial_n though_o i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v lucid_a rotation_n of_o matter_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vial_n a_o considerable_a time_n after_o such_o eruption_n 2._o the_o flame_n which_o be_v afford_v by_o rub_v these_o liquor_n yield_v white_a fume_n of_o a_o rank_n offensive_a smell_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v yellow_a and_o tremulous_a in_o their_o motion_n and_o inconstant_a sometime_o flash_v out_o more_o than_o at_o other_o time_n but_o it_o neither_o burn_v the_o skin_n nor_o singe_v fine_a linen_n so_o that_o if_o any_o it_o must_v resemble_v that_o flamma_n vitalis_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o reside_v in_o animal_n 3._o a_o pencil_n be_v dip_v in_o this_o liquor_n and_o draw_v upon_o white_a paper_n depose_v only_o its_o watery_a part_n but_o the_o more_o gummy_a matter_n in_o the_o pencil_n be_v squeeze_v out_o it_o seem_v to_o burn_v like_o a_o candle_n and_o sometime_o shoot_v downward_o as_o if_o it_o be_v play_v about_o the_o hair_n that_o make_v up_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pencil_n which_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n those_o verse_n of_o virgil_n ecce_fw-la levis_fw-la summo_fw-la de_fw-la virtice_fw-la visus_fw-la juli_n fundere_fw-la lumen_fw-la apex_n tactuque_fw-la innoxia_fw-la molli_fw-la lambere_fw-la flamma_fw-la comas_fw-la etc._n etc._n aeneid_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o this_o flame_n will_v successive_o appear_v and_o disappear_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o sometime_o when_o the_o wreathe_a of_o the_o hair_n be_v violent_a the_o flame_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o a_o momentary_a though_o sensible_a heat_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o fire_v gunpowder_n though_o some_o of_o the_o consistent_a matter_n whilst_o it_o be_v prepare_v be_v take_v out_o with_o a_o knife_n and_o the_o knife_n rub_v betwixt_o the_o thumb_n and_o finger_n with_o a_o blue_a calico_n apron_n the_o matter_n receive_v such_o a_o impression_n from_o that_o attrition_n as_o put_v its_o part_n into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n that_o two_o holes_n be_v burn_v in_o the_o apron_n some_o of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o dilute_v with_o
that_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o call_v it_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n but_o though_o general_o it_o be_v colourless_a and_o transparent_a yet_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v opake_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n compare_v with_o each_o other_o 2._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o though_o consistent_a yet_o not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n but_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o a_o solid_a body_n like_o the_o unmelted_a tallow_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o may_v be_v melt_v in_o hot_a liquor_n without_o waste_n but_o in_o the_o air_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consume_v as_o to_o sense_n it_o be_v cold_a but_o be_v of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o it_o easy_o become_v hot_a upon_o agitation_n 3._o when_o hold_v in_o the_o air_n it_o yield_v a_o vivid_n light_n if_o wet_v over_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o not_o only_o shine_v but_o emit_v store_n of_o effluvia_fw-la as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n it_o cease_v to_o shine_v and_o also_o to_o smoke_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o it_o begin_v afresh_o and_o if_o part_v be_v immerse_v and_o part_n above_o water_n the_o latter_a will_v shine_v vivid_o though_o the_o other_o will_v not_o immerse_v the_o quality_n of_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v 4._o the_o water_n in_o which_o this_o noctiluca_n have_v be_v sometime_o immerse_v have_v a_o strong_a and_o penetrant_fw-la taste_n like_o a_o mixture_n of_o brine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o relish_v a_o little_a of_o vitriol_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o small_a concave_a vessel_n of_o silver_n over_o light_a coal_n and_o ash_n it_o evaporate_v very_o slow_o and_o will_v not_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n nor_o afford_v a_o dry_a salt_n but_o coagulate_v into_o a_o substance_n like_o a_o jelly_n or_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o melt_v by_o heat_n when_o keep_v on_o a_o hot_a fire_n it_o will_v first_o boil_v and_o then_o make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o the_o explosion_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o flash_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o if_o they_o be_v small_a be_v general_o blue_a like_a flame_n of_o sulphur_n but_o more_o vivid_n and_o sometime_o bluer_n but_o the_o great_a flake_n appear_v yellow_a and_o very_a luminous_a and_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v off_o when_o this_o matter_n be_v almost_o melt_v by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v it_o acquire_v a_o rosinous_a consistence_n and_o tinge_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blue_a by_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o it_o it_o acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n all_o night_n it_o turn_v to_o a_o liquor_n almost_o as_o strong_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n again_o it_o will_v afford_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n as_o before_o but_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o before_o break_v out_o in_o flash_n sometime_o rise_v only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n of_o a_o rank_a smell_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v small_a yet_o it_o afford_v flash_n plentiful_o for_o a_o hour_n not_o what_o liquor_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o cold_a water_n though_o the_o water_n will_v be_v thereby_o impregnate_v so_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la impregnates_fw-la wine_n or_o water_n without_o have_v its_o bulk_n diminish_v it_o ferment_v not_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal-armon_a nor_o do_v it_o lose_v its_o luminous_a virtue_n but_o will_v shine_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o cold_a will_v not_o dissolve_v it_o but_o when_o hot_a will_v melt_v it_o and_o it_o will_v lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o liquor_n aqu._n fortis_fw-la have_v not_o visible_a effect_n on_o it_o nor_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n when_o cold_a but_o the_o latter_a be_v hot_a it_o whole_o vanish_v in_o a_o night_n time_n without_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o melt_v by_o a_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o vial_n unstop_v it_o yield_v not_o only_o a_o light_n that_o be_v render_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o stander-by_n by_o its_o grateful_a smell_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v with_o oil_n of_o clove_n in_o which_o liquor_n when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o vial_n be_v open_v in_o a_o dark_a place_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o flash_n of_o flame_n very_o vivid_v which_o will_v last_v a_o minute_n and_o sometime_o if_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o the_o room_n the_o shine_a fluid_n will_v appear_v of_o a_o pleasant_a blueish_a colour_n and_o another_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o light_n will_v vanish_v whilst_o store_n of_o white_a fume_n remain_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o if_o the_o light_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a part._n in_o oil_n of_o mace_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v luminous_a nor_o in_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n this_o noctiluca_n continue_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o considerable_a time_n undiminish_a 6._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v include_v in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o leave_v some_o earthly_a part_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o do_v not_o discolour_v it_o upon_o unstop_v the_o vial_n no_o light_n appear_v but_o be_v drop_v into_o cold_a water_n the_o drop_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o those_o flash_n immediate_o disappear_v the_o water_n not_o be_v luminous_a which_o phaenomenon_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n i_o drop_v the_o impregnated_a spirit_n upon_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v that_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n succeed_v and_o this_o noctiluca_n diffuse_v its_o virtue_n so_o far_o that_o one_o grain_n impregnate_v a_o thousand_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o flash_n so_o sudden_o disappear_v it_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o sudden_a dispersion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n through_o the_o water_n and_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n so_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o drop_v upon_o cold_a water_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v immediate_o disperse_v through_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n discover_v a_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o part_n in_o the_o glacial_n noctiluca_n have_v dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n in_o a_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v gradual_o fifty_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n the_o noctiluca_n render_v the_o whole_a light_n when_o shake_v in_o the_o dark_a so_o that_o one_o grain_n render_v 100000_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o liquor_n luminous_a and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o steam_n appear_v luminous_a but_o the_o light_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a water_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o the_o exhalation_n which_o shine_v through_o that_o diaphanous_a water_n though_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v shake_v the_o whole_a mass_n appear_v luminous_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v a_o grain_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n dissolve_v in_o alkohol_n of_o wine_n and_o shake_v in_o water_n it_o render_v 400000_o time_n its_o weight_n luminous_a throughout_o and_o at_o another_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o impregnate_v 500000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o part_n of_o cochineel_n can_v communicate_v its_o colour_n to_o the_o utmost_a be_v 125000_o part_n of_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n â…›_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v undissolve_v and_o have_v we_o to_o the_o aforementioned_a estimate_n add_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o illuminate_v ambient_fw-la air_n the_o expansion_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n will_v have_v be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o abovementioned_a number_n denote_v but_o to_o demonstrate_v further_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o our_o noctilucal_n matter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o three_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_fw-la be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-bottomed_a glass_n that_o be_v broad_a at_o the_o top_n than_o the_o bottom_n and_o shallow_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v more_o full_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o shelve_v posture_n that_o upon_o its_o resolution_n in_o the_o moist_a air_n it_o may_v present_o run_v down_o and_o not_o hinder_v the_o free_a evaporation_n of_o the_o remain_a matter_n the_o vessel_n be_v thus_o place_v all_o the_o fragment_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n begin_v to_o shine_v brisk_o and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n so_o
that_o so_o small_a a_o parcel_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n continue_v to_o shine_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o follow_a circumstance_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o luciferous_a fume_n be_v visible_a both_o night_n and_o day_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n like_o smoke_n from_o so_o many_o chimney_n second_o this_o smoke_n be_v so_o copious_a and_o tenacious_a that_o it_o lose_v not_o that_o form_n till_o it_o rise_v a_o foot_n above_o the_o matter_n that_o afford_v it_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o sometime_o tend_v direct_o upward_o sometime_o horizontal_o and_o sometime_o downward_o as_o if_o their_o motion_n have_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o noctilucal_n fragment_n by_o which_o they_o be_v emit_v and_o one_o thing_n further_o observable_a be_v that_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o emit_v strong_a and_o odorous_a exhalation_n distinct_a from_o the_o visible_a fume_n as_o for_o the_o liquor_n which_o drop_v from_o this_o noctiluca_fw-la and_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o glass_n vessel_n i_o put_v it_o into_o a_o concave_a silver_n vessel_n and_o hold_v it_o over_o small-coal_n and_o ash_n where_o it_o evaporate_v not_o so_o easy_o as_o i_o expect_v but_o turn_v into_o a_o unctuous_a substance_n of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o be_v thence_o remove_v and_o hold_v over_o quick_a coal_n it_o boil_v and_o crackled_a like_o bay-salt_n cast_v into_o the_o fire_n and_o emit_v several_a successive_a flash_n another_o piece_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n which_o weigh_v three_o grain_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n funnel_n who_o stem_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o small_a pin_n head_n and_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o funnel_n be_v purposely_o place_v in_o a_o vial_n to_o catch_v the_o colliquated_a liquor_n and_o this_o be_v set_v in_o a_o south-window_n all_o day_n and_o place_v in_o my_o chamber_n at_o night_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o continue_v luminous_a no_o less_o than_o 360_o hour_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o extraordinary_a minuteness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a the_o weight_n of_o â—â—r_a noctilucous_a matter_n colliquate_v exceed_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n itself_o two_o three_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v spread_v upon_o paper_n and_o hold_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n when_o the_o flame_n come_v to_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o burn_v away_o in_o a_o flash_a and_o splutter_v manner_n and_o crack_v like_o salt_n and_o some_o of_o this_o paper_n be_v put_v upon_o embers_o cover_v with_o ash_n the_o noctiluca_n will_v take_v fire_n and_o communicate_v its_o flame_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o to_o show_v its_o inflamability_n further_o i_o put_v a_o grain_n of_o it_o into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o it_o discolour_a not_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v partly_o red_a and_o partly_o blue_a yet_o when_o the_o spirit_n be_v consume_v and_o the_o flame_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o immersed_a phosphorus_n it_o take_v fire_n and_o emit_v a_o yellow_a flame_n copious_o and_o a_o piece_n of_o this_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n concentrate_v it_o burn_v very_o vivid_o and_o clear_a and_o the_o expire_a flame_n leave_v behind_o it_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n which_o form_v several_a circle_n like_o those_o of_o a_o sardonix_n whereof_o the_o large_a be_v white_a another_o yellow_a and_o the_o three_o red_a all_o the_o three_o colour_n be_v vivid_v and_o pleasant_a some_o part_n of_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o spoon_n be_v present_o resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la into_o a_o liquor_n as_o sharp_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o other_o part_n have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o air_n appear_v combustible_a another_o instance_n of_o the_o inflammability_n of_o it_o be_v by_o rub_v it_o in_o a_o mortar_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v it_o take_v fire_n and_o burn_v vivid_o but_o be_v soon_o extinguish_v by_o the_o fire_n noctiluca_n of_o the_o burn_a of_o body_n with_o the_o noctiluca_n if_o our_o noctiluca_n be_v press_v hard_o betwixt_o one_o finger_n or_o against_o a_o board_n it_o will_v feel_v sensible_o hot_a and_o will_v sometime_o be_v violent_a enough_o to_o scorch_v the_o skin_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o blister_v raise_v by_o its_o heat_n be_v not_o only_o more_o painful_a but_o hard_a to_o be_v cure_v than_o ordinary_a one_o but_o though_o some_o part_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v dispose_v to_o take_v flame_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o all_o equal_o prone_a to_o a_o incalescence_n to_o these_o observation_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o some_o of_o it_o be_v rub_v betwixt_o fold_n of_o paper_n for_o some_o time_n they_o take_v fire_n and_o so_o do_v it_o when_o rub_v with_o gunpowder_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o gunpowder_n be_v explode_v and_o once_o when_o my_o servant_n carry_v some_o of_o it_o in_o his_o pocket_n the_o glass_n be_v break_v the_o attrition_n and_o heat_n of_o his_o body_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n by_o which_o mean_v several_a holes_n be_v burn_v in_o his_o breeches_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o six_o part_n of_o sulphur_n and_o one_o of_o this_o be_v mix_v and_o beat_v with_o the_o haft_n of_o a_o knife_n the_o noctiluca_n shine_v through_o the_o paper_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o these_o ingredient_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o flame_n they_o immediate_o take_v fire_n and_o once_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o brimstone_n do_v not_o burn_v with_o a_o slow_a flame_n but_o flash_v away_o like_a gunpowder_n and_o once_o my_o laborant_fw-la have_v prepare_v some_o of_o it_o and_o try_v to_o write_v upon_o a_o dry_a board_n the_o force_n of_o attrition_n kindle_v the_o wood_n and_o afford_v not_o only_o vivid_o shine_v but_o burn_a letter_n to_o try_v what_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o saline_a noctilucal_n matter_n i_o drop_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o syrup_n of_o violet_n and_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v it_o green_a but_o of_o a_o fine_a carnation_n colour_n as_o acid_n spirit_n usual_o do_v and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o it_o present_o destroy_v the_o blue_a colour_n though_o not_o the_o other_o of_o the_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la i_o likewise_o pour_v some_o of_o this_o noctilucous_a liquor_n upon_o file_n of_o copper_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o air_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n i_o find_v that_o though_o the_o file_n be_v dissolve_v yet_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o tincture_n be_v not_o a_o deep_a azure_a as_o if_o make_v with_o a_o volatile_a urinous_a salt_n but_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o green_a and_o blue_a it_o likewise_o ferment_v with_o powder_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o also_o with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o salt_n be_v not_o urinous_a but_o of_o the_o family_n of_o acid_n but_o to_o proceed_v i_o enclose_v a_o parcel_n of_o this_o icy_a noctiluca_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n and_o another_o together_o with_o the_o water_n it_o come_v over_o with_o in_o distillation_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o former_a lose_v its_o light_n in_o four_o day_n and_o the_o other_o in_o about_o a_o week_n but_o to_o try_v whether_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o heat_n will_v not_o cause_v our_o noctiluca_n to_o take_v fire_n i_o enclose_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o hermes_n his_o seal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o fire_n the_o noctiluca_n present_o take_v flame_n and_o burn_v much_o long_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o when_o the_o flame_n be_v over_o we_o sometime_o observe_v a_o little_a liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fire_n acquire_v a_o red_a colour_n some_o of_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n egg_n and_o water_n pour_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v heat_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v melt_v we_o pour_v the_o water_n off_o upon_o which_o the_o noctiluca_n remain_v in_o the_o glass_n immediate_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n take_v flame_n and_o part_n of_o it_o run_v out_o with_o the_o water_n burn_v fierce_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o with_o a_o crackle_n noise_n the_o remain_a caput_fw-la mortuum_n appear_v red_a to_o which_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o beam_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n pass_v through_o a_o orange_n colour_v glass_n appear_v of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o though_o once_o i_o can_v not_o obtain_v any_o light_n from_o some_o of_o this_o noctiluca_n include_v in_o a_o vial_n with_o oil_n of_o
mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n which_o be_v so_o deep_a that_o the_o bladder_n be_v total_o immerse_v and_o yet_o not_o far_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n when_o by_o exhaust_v the_o air_n part_n of_o the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expand_v itself_o and_o take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o become_v so_o much_o more_o specifical_o light_a and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n which_o endeavour_v to_o buoy_v it_o up_o become_v respective_o great_a it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o suspend_v weight_n raise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v into_o its_o former_a dimension_n it_o subside_v again_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n
or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v high_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o bubble_n n._n b._n 1._o that_o the_o bubble_n not_o be_v all_o equal_o poise_v sometime_o one_o and_o sometime_o two_o will_v rise_v as_o the_o air_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o affect_v the_o light_a only_a or_o all_o 2._o the_o success_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v for_o when_o the_o subside_v depend_v on_o some_o occult_a cause_n they_o will_v continue_v there_o as_o if_o some_o airy_a part_n have_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o fit_a time_n for_o these_o experiment_n and_o in_o which_o they_o best_o succeed_v be_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o air_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o vary_v in_o its_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n fluid_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o 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incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o 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pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n grow_v preponderant_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o tube_n t_o v_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o but_o a_o little_a water_n press_v upon_o that_o surface_n the_o oil_n be_v almost_o whole_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o it_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o raise_v the_o pipe_n p_o q_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o the_o position_n n_n o_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o pipe_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o cylinder_n or_o oil_n w_n ae_n which_o be_v only_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n lean_v on_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n the_o oil_n must_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n and_o the_o space_n o_o ae_n fill_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o oil_n betwixt_o w_n ae_n and_o ae_n o_o be_v both_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n they_o may_v equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o with_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n x_o q_o will_v be_v something_o above_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v only_o immerse_v to_o the_o surface_n q._n since_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v long_o to_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n equal_o with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n no_o long_o than_o from_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o to_o g_o h._n and_o if_o a_o heavy_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o surface_n x_o must_v be_v more_o above_o l_o m_o than_o in_o water_n otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o press_v equal_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a surface_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n for_o if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n within_o be_v general_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_a three_o small_a pipe_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o these_o experiment_n because_o in_o large_a the_o emerge_v oil_n pass_v through_o the_o water_n obscure_v the_o light_n of_o what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v visible_a four_o we_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o liquor_n because_o clear_v and_o colourless_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o stain_v one_o clothes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o offensive_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v correct_v with_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n or_o any_o other_o odoriferous_a oil_n though_o any_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n five_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n may_v be_v tinge_v with_o copper_n to_o render_v the_o phaenomena_n within_o more_o visible_a for_o which_o reason_n we_o often_o employ_v a_o decoction_n of_o brasil_n instead_o of_o clear_a water_n or_o of_o log-wood_n or_o red_a ink_n itself_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la
deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n these_o liquor_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o mingle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o instead_o of_o fair_a water_n 06_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o sea-salt_n when_o the_o other_o be_v not_o easy_o get_v and_o when_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n along_o with_o the_o other_o two_o and_o by_o depress_v a_o tube_n into_o they_o with_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n exhibit_v very_o please_a phaenomena_n paradox_n ii_o that_o a_o light_a fluid_n may_v gravitate_fw-la or_o weigh_v upon_o a_o heavy_a paradox_n 2_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a since_o all_o body_n have_v a_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v to_o press_v downward_o though_o sometime_o they_o have_v a_o respective_a levity_n as_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n emerge_n in_o water_n yet_o nevertheless_o that_o relative_a levity_n argue_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o since_o though_o when_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n notwithstane_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o weight_n he_o will_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a tendency_n of_o it_o downward_o but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a see_v plate_n second_o fig._n 2._o where_o suppose_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n i_o g_o 2._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 2._o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n to_o the_o immaginary_a surface_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n i_o h_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o oil_n it_o will_v equal_o ponderate_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o as_o the_o light_a oil_n k_o e_o l_o i_o and_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v deep_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v not_o equiponderant_a with_o the_o extenal_a oil_n the_o oil_n will_v though_o a_o light_a body_n in_o specie_fw-la rise_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o buoy_n up_o the_o water_n again_o the_o bubble_n x_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o glass_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o air_n which_o be_v light_a 3._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 3._o or_o partly_o of_o water_n itself_o which_o be_v specifical_o as_o heavy_a as_o long_o as_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v be_v light_a than_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n it_o will_v float_v but_o if_o it_o grow_v heavy_a it_o will_v sink_v and_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n by_o which_o the_o include_v air_n may_v be_v compress_v the_o bubble_n will_v subside_o but_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o air_n expand_v itself_o again_o it_o will_v as_o soon_o emerge_n the_o water_n that_o be_v before_o suck_v in_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v expel_v but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o second_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o have_v put_v a_o glass-bubble_n pretty_a well_o poise_v into_o a_o tube_n fill_v within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n with_o water_n it_o swim_v there_o till_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o then_o more_o water_n be_v force_v into_o the_o bubble_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n it_o present_o subside_v but_o when_o part_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v take_v off_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n force_v the_o impress_a water_n out_o again_o the_o bubble_n present_o immerge_v and_o for_o a_o further_a confimation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n swim_v in_o a_o tube_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n though_o depress_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o wire_n yet_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o again_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o before_o but_o if_o it_o be_v hold_v under_o water_n till_o more_o be_v pour_v in_o and_o till_o it_o rise_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v depress_v it_o but_o if_o that_o water_n be_v gradual_o take_v off_o the_o bubble_n will_v present_o emerge_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v why_o in_o these_o trial_n i_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o in_o such_o slender_a pipe_n as_o the_o first_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n flow_v down_o one_o side_n the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n will_v rise_v on_o the_o other_o which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n shall_v teach_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n fill_v with_o mercury_n be_v immerse_v fourteen_o foot_n under_o water_n if_o the_o tube_n be_v fourteen_o foot_n long_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o whole_o run_v out_o but_o continue_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o i_o the_o more_o wonder_n at_o it_o since_o probable_o the_o impetus_fw-la will_v make_v it_o descend_v and_o since_o the_o like_a will_v not_o succeed_v with_o much_o more_o favourable_a circumstance_n betwixt_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n paradox_n iii_o paradox_n 3_o that_o if_o a_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_o than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v press_v upward_o by_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v it_o beneath_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o first_o paradox_n for_o wherever_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v beneath_o the_o real_a one_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v incumbent_n on_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n that_o part_n on_o which_o the_o immersed_a body_n chance_v to_o lean_v must_v have_v a_o proportionable_a endeavour_n upward_o and_o if_o that_o endeavour_n be_v great_a than_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o though_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o overpower_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o yet_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o water_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resist_v the_o subside_v of_o that_o body_n and_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n for_o as_o more_o oil_n be_v externa_o pour_v on_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v and_o buoy_v up_o in_o the_o pipe_n by_o the_o subjacent_a oil_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o oil_n do_v not_o press_v against_o it_o beneath_o and_o even_o when_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o latter_a press_n upward_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o resist_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a whether_o we_o suspend_v oil_n in_o water_n or_o water_n in_o oil_n and_o that_o the_o water_n make_v a_o resistance_n to_o body_n that_o descend_v in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 4._o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a scheme_n for_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n e_o f_o to_o contain_v oil_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o when_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n without_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v drop_n of_o oil_n will_v fall_v out_o but_o much_o more_o slow_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o will_v not_o break_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n but_o further_a it_o not_o only_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o since_o as_o long_o as_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v in_o aequilibrium_fw-la they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v each_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n but_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o a_o liquor_n of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o water_n be_v place_v in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v remain_v in_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o water_n obstruct_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o itself_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o lead_n be_v let_v down_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o scale_n in_o the_o air_n will_v manifest_o preponderate_v which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o resistance_n of_o fluid_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o body_n may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o
water_n be_v raise_v by_o it_o as_o wood_n and_o drop_n of_o oil_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o low_a part_n n_n than_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o the_fw-mi be_v a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n a_o k._n b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h._n b_o ay_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_n for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n it_o be_v consequent_o unable_a to_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wherever_o it_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n gradual_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o above_o and_o the_o other_o below_o and_o the_o low_a be_v long_a by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rise_a body_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o more_o or_o less_o swift_o as_o the_o low_a basis_n press_v more_o or_o less_o on_o the_o subjacent_a superficies_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o two_o piece_n of_o stick_n of_o a_o different_a length_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o long_a rise_v the_o fast_o for_o if_o o_o p_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o q_o r_o but_o one_o and_o both_o rest_v upon_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n the_o one_o have_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o foot_n long_o to_o resist_v its_o rise_n than_o the_o other_o and_o as_o the_o emerge_a body_n rise_v slow_a as_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a pillar_n of_o water_n be_v less_o so_o thence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o some_o liquor_n who_o whiteness_n depend_v on_o the_o intermixture_n of_o drop_n be_v so_o long_a a_o rise_n the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o render_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a pillar_n of_o air_n inconsiderable_a but_o as_o these_o drop_n by_o move_v up_o and_o down_o unite_v into_o large_a the_o difference_n grow_v more_o considerable_a they_o be_v according_o buoy_v up_o in_o less_o time_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 2._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 2._o that_o these_o body_n float_v upon_o water_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o wood_n be_v by_o its_o specify_v gravity_n only_o so_o far_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vial_n a_o b._n c_o d_o till_o the_o water_n about_o it_o make_v a_o equal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n x_o w_n and_o because_o the_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la as_o water_n therefore_o part_n be_v keep_v emerge_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a port_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v place_v several_a mark_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o float_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o water_n put_v just_a so_o much_o water_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o those_o mark_n by_o that_o mean_v i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o float_a vessel_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o end_n may_v be_v obtain_v another_o way_n viz._n by_o first_o fill_v a_o cistern_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n by_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o know_a capacity_n and_o then_o have_v empty_v it_o again_o for_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v in_o that_o cistern_n or_o pond_n and_o water_n put_v into_o the_o cistern_n again_o till_o it_o float_v the_o vessel_n and_o fill_v the_o cistern_n or_o pond_n full_a as_o much_o as_o it_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n first_o contain_v in_o the_o cistern_n so_o much_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a body_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v however_o to_o make_v it_o plain_o if_o possible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v suck_v up_o about_o a_o inch_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o whilst_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o one_o thumb_n it_o be_v depress_v in_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o then_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o that_o and_o when_o one_o thumb_n be_v take_v off_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o external_a fluids_n will_n by_o their_o pressure_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n though_o not_o quite_o so_o high_a as_o the_o oil_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n and_o that_o light_a than_o itself_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o may_v illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o water_n be_v buoy_v up_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n by_o the_o rise_a sucker_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v within_o the_o pipe_n i_o take_v likewise_o a_o small_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v immerse_v it_o a_o inch_n in_o quicksilver_n i_o put_v my_o thumb_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o i_o have_v immerse_v the_o tube_n eighteen_o inch_n in_o oil_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n it_o be_v not_o only_o keep_v from_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o raise_v a_o little_a and_o as_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v some_o of_o the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v out_o so_o when_o it_o be_v depress_v the_o mercury_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o external_a liquor_n upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o to_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o nine_o or_o thirty_o digit_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o three_o or_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a paradox_n five_o paradox_n v._o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o several_a pipe_n though_o those_o pipe_n be_v of_o very_o different_a diameter_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v represent_v in_o fig._n 6._o plate_n the_o second_o 2._o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n 2._o for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o that_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o that_o cork_n have_v four_o hole_n in_o three_o of_o which_o the_o pipe_n be_v fix_v and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o tunnel_n and_o if_o when_o so_o much_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o as_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n down_o low_o and_o the_o oil_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v into_o the_o pipe_n l._n m._n n._n by_o its_o weight_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v to_o o_o p_o q_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o rest_v at_o e_o f_o be_v depress_v down_o to_o i_o k_o upon_o which_o imaginary_a surface_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tubes_fw-la answerable_a to_o their_o bulk_n make_v a_o equivalent_a pressure_n with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a oil_n of_o the_o same_o boar_n the_o water_n must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o all_o except_o the_o last_o pipe_n be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o
so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o which_o press_v upon_o the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_n g_o h_n contribute_v to_o render_v the_o vessel_n more_o close_o and_o to_o obstruct_v its_o own_o passage_n whereupon_o we_o tie_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o string_n i_o k_o to_o a_o beam_n and_o put_v so_o many_o weight_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o from_o the_o rim_n g_o h._n and_o then_o deduct_v from_o that_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o false_a bottom_n and_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o broad_a cylindrical_a box_n b_o e_o c_o h._n g_o d_o f_o we_o find_v that_o the_o pressure_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o c_o d_o be_v much_o great_a than_o what_o read_v stevinus_n will_v make_v one_o expect_v and_o than_o all_o the_o water_n contain_v both_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o cylinder_n will_v have_v be_v have_v it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o uniform_a cylinder_n paradox_n vii_o paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_n increase_v this_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v represent_v by_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o five_o 5._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 5._o where_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n g_o f_o k_n and_o they_o sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o so_fw-mi that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n the_o imaginary_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n g_o will_v suspend_v it_o there_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v the_o oil_n become_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o so_o short_a a_o cylinder_n the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n will_n force_v it_o out_o of_o the_o orifice_n g_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v further_o immerse_v the_o water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o fill_v part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n below_o it_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v 6._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 6._o that_o have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n abcd_v represent_v by_o fig._n six_o plate_n the_o three_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n and_o bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n a_o hole_n to_o receive_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n and_o the_o other_o e_o f_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n g_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n likewise_o and_o then_o pour_v in_o water_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o till_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o be_v so_o nice_o poise_v that_o it_o swim_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o pour_v in_o more_o water_n the_o surface_n be_v raise_v to_o k_o the_o bubble_n x_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n e_o press_v upon_o the_o whole_a water_n within_o the_o glass_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o not_o only_o press_v upon_o that_o subjacent_a but_o likewise_o upon_o those_o part_n that_o be_v latteral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o even_o the_o cork_n that_o be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o be_v press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o and_o oblique_o too_o appear_v since_o if_o the_o orifice_n g_o be_v not_o close_o stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o it_o and_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n it_o be_v only_o stop_v with_o one_o thumb_n one_o may_v perceive_v a_o evident_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o it_o and_o that_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o bubble_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o appear_v since_o if_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v off_o by_o incline_v the_o vial_n it_o will_v praesenti_fw-la emerge_fw-la again_o and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n worthy_a our_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n a_o b._n c_o d_o be_v not_o whole_o fill_v but_o the_o space_n betwixt_o l_o m_o fill_v with_o air_n yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o different_a fluid_n may_v be_v so_o easy_o communicate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o the_o bubble_n will_v descend_v equal_o as_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n paradox_n viii_o paradox_n viii_o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n will_v be_v easy_o make_v out_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o if_o a_o glass_n syphon_n 7._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 7._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o three_o be_v fill_v from_o h_n to_o i_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o till_o the_o orifice_n a_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v under_o water_n if_o then_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v unstop_v and_o the_o whole_a tube_n e_o i_o f_o g_o h_n be_v depress_v gradual_o the_o incumbent_n water_n h_n k_o will_v press_v the_o oil_n out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n h_n g_o into_z the_o longer_z e_z f._n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o second_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v provide_v a_o pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8._o and_o suck_v so_o much_o oil_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v the_o space_n l_o m_o n_o p_o 〈◊〉_d see_v fig._n 〈◊〉_d i_o immerse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o upon_o the_o open_n the_o orifice_n o_o as_o the_o pipe_n be_v gradual_o depress_v the_o oil_n be_v press_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o to_o n_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o what_o height_n i_o please_v in_o the_o pipe_n o_o p_o n._n paradox_n ix_o paradox_n ix_o that_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_o than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o body_n light_a than_o water_n emerge_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o oil_n in_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o water_n below_o oil_n may_v be_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o try_v the_o result_n i_o suck_v a_o inch_n of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n suspend_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n i_o remove_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o oil_n and_o then_o open_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o it_o i_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v it_o so_o far_o in_o that_o till_o the_o water_n below_o the_o oil_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o water_n above_o it_o in_o which_o station_n the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n the_o oil_n q._n r._n be_v suspend_v betwixt_o the_o water_n s._n r._n and_o that_o below_o it_o p._n q._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n t._n s._n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d._n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o oil_n and_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o press_v equal_o on_o the_o surface_n g._n h._n with_o the_o external_a water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o as_o plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o represent_v paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphony_n paradox_n x_o and_o of_o flow_v through_o they_o may_v be_v explain_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o 2._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 2._o we_o provide_v a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b._n c_o d._n of_o a_o convenient_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o
by_o the_o hand_n above_o but_o only_o the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n which_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n and_o though_o the_o schoolman_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o phaenomenon_n depend_v on_o the_o indisposition_n of_o water_n to_o weigh_v in_o its_o own_o place_n yet_o i_o have_v find_v that_o lead_v be_v convey_v into_o melt_a butter_n contain_v in_o a_o wooden_a box_n and_o that_o be_v suspend_v in_o water_n by_o a_o silken-thred_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n we_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v as_o much_o indispose_v to_o weigh_v as_o water_n in_o water_n no_o more_o weight_n than_o what_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n be_v make_v sensible_a by_o the_o balance_n but_o when_o it_o be_v partly_o raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o whole_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o counterbalance_v it_o for_o suppose_v that_o part_n of_o the_o bucket_n n_n to_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n l_o m_o a_o great_a force_n be_v requisite_a to_o sustain_v it_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n incumbent_n on_o the_o surface_n p_o qui_fw-fr be_v not_o able_a to_o balance_v it_o and_o consequent_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bucket_n h_n will_v scarce_o be_v press_v upward_o half_a so_o strong_o as_o before_o but_o if_o the_o bucket_n be_v raise_v to_o o_o the_o water_n be_v not_o at_o all_o contiguous_a to_o it_o can_v contribute_v to_o the_o support_v of_o it_o all_o that_o be_v further_a contain_v in_o this_o appendix_n be_v only_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v on_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v pass_v it_o by_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v repeat_v again_o appendix_n ii_o why_o divers_a and_o other_o who_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n and_o consequent_o press_v upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o i_o propose_v my_o own_o opinion_n brief_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_v and_o first_o monsieur_n des_fw-mi carry_v tell_v we_o 6._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 6._o that_o if_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o so_o as_o to_o stop_v the_o orifice_n a_o he_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n c_o b_o a_o incumbent_a on_o he_o but_o if_o he_o be_v place_v at_o b_o he_o will_v not_o be_v sensible_a of_o that_o weight_n because_o shall_v his_o body_n descend_v the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z c_z will_v not_o descend_v with_o he_o but_o suppose_v the_o orifice_n a_o to_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o solid_a that_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z a_o but_o since_o the_o principle_n already_o lay_v down_o overthrow_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o explication_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n true_a the_o reason_n will_v be_v that_o when_o his_o body_n be_v at_o a_o the_o man_n will_v sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n without_o any_o subjacent_a water_n at_o a_o to_o buoy_v up_o against_o he_o whereas_o at_o b_o the_o subjacent_a water_n buoy_v up_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o press_v down_o or_o more_o but_o stevinus_n hydrostat_n lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o say_v omni_fw-la pressu_fw-la quo_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la afficitur_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxatur_fw-la sed_fw-la isto_fw-la pressu_fw-la nulla_fw-la corporis_fw-la pars_fw-la luxatur_fw-la isto_fw-la igitur_fw-la pressu_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la nullo_n afficitur_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplo_fw-la clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la esto_fw-la a_fw-la b_o c_o d_o 7._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 7._o aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_o quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la 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five_o by_o this_o mean_n we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o genuine_a concretes_n use_v in_o medicine_n and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o genuine_a as_o also_o whether_o precious_a stone_n abound_v more_o or_o less_o with_o metalline_a ingredient_n but_o though_o sometime_o stone_n that_o be_v transparent_a may_v not_o be_v so_o plentiful_o impregnate_v with_o medicinal_a and_o mineral_n effluvia_fw-la yet_o consider_v the_o activity_n and_o great_a subtlety_n of_o some_o pigment_n the_o latter_a may_v be_v as_o powerful_a and_o that_o every_o sensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v impregnate_v by_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o pigment_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n if_o five_o grain_n of_o zaphora_n be_v mix_v with_o one_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o venice_n glass_n fine_o powder_v and_o keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o furnace_n with_o a_o violent_a hot_a fire_n it_o will_v give_v the_o whole_a a_o fine_a blue_a colour_n and_o if_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o zaphora_fw-it be_v as_o one_o to_o six_o the_o glass_n will_v be_v too_o deep_o tinge_v to_o make_v a_o handsome_a gem._n and_o to_o show_v further_o that_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o metalline_a matter_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o impart_v a_o virtue_n to_o glass_n and_o even_a gem_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o eight_o grain_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o a_o german_a granate_n be_v keep_v in_o fusion_n with_o a_o ounce_n of_o crystalline_a glass_n it_o give_v it_o a_o tincture_n like_o that_o which_o steel_n give_v to_o pure_a glass_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v how_o the_o proportion_n of_o solid_a substance_n to_o water_n may_v be_v hydrostatically-distinguished_n but_o since_o there_o be_v other_o substance_n which_o can_v be_v so_o weigh_v be_v either_o subject_a to_o dissolve_v in_o water_n or_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v suspend_v by_o a_o hair_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o form_n be_v either_o powder_n or_o liquid_n to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o these_o i_o contrive_v the_o bucket_n former_o mention_v and_o represent_v in_o fig._n 00_o plate_n the_o first_o which_o be_v suspend_v in_o water_n and_o counterpoise_v we_o put_v a_o know_a weight_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v compare_v its_o weight_n in_o water_n with_o its_o weight_n in_o air_n and_o divide_v the_o great_a number_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o air_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o water_n and_o which_o be_v thirty_o four_o grain_n we_o find_v the_o quotient_a to_o be_v fourteen_o and_o about_o 1_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o mercury_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o trial_n be_v as_o 14_o 11_o 100_o to_o 1_o but_o common_a mercury_n which_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o shop_n we_o have_v find_v to_o weigh_v not_o above_o thirteen_o and_o a_o half_a to_o one_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v find_v a_o notable_a disparity_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o most_o common_a mercury_n especial_o those_o draw_v from_o gold_n for_o the_o mercury_n be_v combine_v with_o that_o metal_n become_v heavy_a than_o common_a mercury_n by_o the_o same_o measure_n we_o may_v know_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o any_o liquor_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n and_o which_o be_v unapt_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o such_o as_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n clove_n guajacum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o same_o bucket_n we_o may_v be_v able_a likewise_o to_o weigh_v powder_n and_o estimate_v their_o goodness_n if_o we_o put_v a_o know_a weight_n of_o they_o in_o the_o air_n into_o the_o bucket_n and_o pour_v in_o gentle_o as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v up_o the_o pore_n contain_v betwixt_o they_o and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o expel_v the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o small_a part_n of_o it_o but_o in_o all_o these_o trial_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o suspend_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o gibbet_n delineate_v in_o the_o precede_a figure_n that_o the_o scale_n may_v hang_v the_o steddy_a whilst_o the_o body_n be_v a_o weigh_v but_o since_o there_o be_v several_a saline_a body_n as_o sublimate_n mercurius_n dulcis_fw-la vitriol_n rock-allom_n etc._n etc._n which_o can_v be_v weigh_v in_o water_n in_o such_o case_n instead_o of_o water_n we_o may_v substitute_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o though_o it_o be_v of_o a_o different_a specific_a gravity_n from_o water_n yet_o by_o careful_o weigh_v a_o parcel_n of_o any_o substance_n which_o be_v genuine_a in_o that_o liquor_n it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o standard_n to_o estimate_v the_o goodness_n of_o other_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o substance_n by_o and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o very_o difficult_a matter_n for_o one_o well_o skill_v in_o number_n by_o compare_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o water_n together_o to_o know_v what_o proportion_n the_o body_n weigh_v in_o oil_n will_v bear_v to_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o common_a water_n another_o way_n which_o may_v be_v take_v to_o estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n be_v by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o body_n that_o will_v subside_o in_o all_o liquor_n but_o quicksilver_n for_o thus_o by_o first_o weigh_v that_o body_n in_o air_n and_o then_o in_o several_a liquor_n and_o have_v note_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o solid_a and_o each_o of_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o find_v the_o specific_a weight_n of_o each_o and_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o they_o and_o since_o it_o be_v but_o one_o solid_a that_o be_v compare_v thus_o to_o the_o differ_a liquor_n whatsoever_o their_o number_n be_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o compare_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o liquor_n betwixt_o themselves_o and_o to_o discover_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o first_o that_o of_o any_o other_o which_o ever_o one_o please_v but_o in_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o may_v serve_v our_o present_a purpose_n care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o it_o be_v such_o as_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v consume_v by_o effluvia_fw-la or_o too_o large_a for_o a_o tender_a balance_n nor_o so_o big_a as_o to_o require_v too_o much_o liquor_n to_o cover_v it_o and_o last_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v corrode_v by_o sharp_a and_o corrosive_a liquor_n or_o easy_o break_v but_o such_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o obtain_v that_o what_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v try_v by_o other_o and_o communicate_v to_o posterity_n the_o body_n make_v use_v of_o in_o try_v these_o kind_n of_o experiment_n and_o which_o come_v near_a what_o we_o think_v requisite_a for_o such_o trial_n be_v when_o we_o examine_v common_a water_n rain-water_n spirit_n of_o wine_n wine_n brandy_n vinegar_n and_o the_o liquor_n draw_v from_o it_o cider_n beer_n ale_n urine_n water_n distil_v from_o vegetable_a and_o animal_n substance_n amber_n but_o to_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o heavy_a liquor_n we_o employ_v a_o glass-bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v and_o fill_v with_o mercury_n but_o this_o be_v both_o hard_a to_o be_v obtain_v and_o hard_a to_o be_v preserve_v i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a body_n in_o such_o experiment_n as_o be_v to_o be_v record_v for_o posterity_n viz._n a_o globe_n of_o rock-crystal_n which_o be_v suspend_v by_o a_o hair_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o small_a hole_n in_o it_o and_o which_o we_o employ_v to_o discover_v the_o difference_n of_o those_o liquor_n which_o we_o can_v obtain_v great_a quantity_n of_o but_o for_o other_o we_o employ_v a_o hexagonal_a prism_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o pyramid_n at_o the_o end_n and_o this_o body_n be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n we_o be_v able_a to_o employ_v it_o in_o small_a cylinder_n in_o which_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n will_v surround_v it_o and_o cover_v it_o
he_o expand_v himself_o chap._n iv_o laudanum_n helmontii_fw-la junioris_fw-la communicate_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n of_o october_n 1674._o laudanum_n preparation_n of_o laudanum_n take_v of_o opium_n four_o ounce_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o quince_n four_o pound_n cut_v the_o opium_n small_a and_o digest_v it_o in_o the_o juice_n of_o quince_n ten_o day_n or_o more_o than_o filter_n it_o and_o have_v infuse_v in_o it_o of_o cinnamon_n nutmeg_n and_o clove_n each_o one_o ounce_n let_v they_o infuse_v six_o day_n and_o then_o have_v let_v it_o just_o boil_v a_o little_a filter_n it_o and_o evaporate_v the_o moisture_n till_o the_o mass_n be_v of_o what_o consistence_n you_o desire_v and_o incorporate_v with_o it_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n of_o saffron_n well_o powder_v and_o make_v it_o up_o into_o a_o mass_n the_o do_v of_o this_o laudanum_n if_o keep_v liquid_a be_v from_o five_o to_o ten_o drop_n or_o less_o and_o of_o the_o pill_n a_o less_o quantity_n be_v require_v chap._n v._o observation_n of_o a_o earthquake_n make_v at_o oxford_n and_o communcate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o april_n 2._o 1666._o earthquake_n observation_n of_o au_fw-fr earthquake_n ride_v betwixt_o oxford_n and_o a_o lodging_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v four_o mile_n off_o the_o first_o two_o mile_n it_o be_v cold_a than_o at_o other_o time_n all_o that_o winter_n but_o before_o i_o get_v home_o the_o wind_n turn_v and_o rain_n begin_v to_o fall_v and_o in_o a_o hour_n after_o i_o perceive_v a_o tremble_a in_o the_o house_n where_o i_o be_v and_o soon_o after_o there_o happen_v a_o brisk_a storm_n at_o brill_n a_o place_n high_o than_o where_o i_o be_v the_o earthquake_n be_v more_o sensible_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o floor_n of_o a_o gentleman_n house_n be_v perceive_v to_o move_v this_o hill_n abound_v with_o several_a kind_n of_o mineral_n substance_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o from_o that_o place_n the_o earthquake_n extend_v itself_o several_a miles_n chap._n vi_o passage_n relate_v to_o the_o art_n of_o medicine_n medicine_n passage_n relate_v to_o the_o art_n of_o medicine_n though_o the_o follow_a passage_n may_v be_v of_o small_a use_n to_o the_o ingenious_a and_o experience_a master_n yet_o since_o they_o may_v be_v fervicable_a to_o young_a physician_n i_o shall_v for_o their_o information_n impart_v they_o experiment_n i._n a_o tall_a well_o set_v gentleman_n about_o twenty_o four_o year_n old_a have_v by_o a_o fall_n break_v his_o skull_n in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v several_a time_n trepane_v and_o large_a chasm_n make_v in_o it_o by_o the_o take_n away_o of_o several_a piece_n in_o about_o three_o day_n time_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o palsy_n on_o one_o side_n so_o violent_o as_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o motion_n and_o almost_o of_o sense_n except_o that_o in_o his_o leg_n he_o have_v some_o short_a remission_n and_o this_o palsy_n continue_v about_o twenty_o four_o week_n about_o which_o time_n his_o head_n be_v further_o lay_v open_a they_o find_v a_o splinter_n of_o a_o bone_n much_o like_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o fish_n which_o stick_v so_o fast_o and_o close_o to_o the_o dura_n mater_n that_o a_o effusion_n of_o blood_n accompany_v the_o take_n of_o it_o away_o but_o that_o be_v stop_v in_o about_o three_o day_n time_n his_o palsy_n begin_v to_o leave_v he_o and_o he_o be_v now_o very_o strong_a and_o healthy_a though_o the_o callus_fw-la which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o skull_n be_v very_o large_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v what_o great_a effect_n may_v spring_v from_o a_o very_a slight_a cause_n but_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a observation_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o part_n whilst_o the_o palsy_n continue_v be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n but_o be_v very_o much_o extenuate_v by_o a_o continue_a atrophy_n which_o loss_n of_o substance_n they_o acquire_v again_o upon_o a_o cessation_n of_o the_o paralytic_a affection_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o and_o other_o part_n be_v that_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v cold_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o though_o he_o be_v frequent_o let_v blood_n he_o continue_v to_o have_v a_o good_a stomach_n nor_o do_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o brain_n cause_n the_o least_o vomit_v or_o convulsion_n experiment_n ii_o to_o show_v the_o great_a and_o terrible_a effect_n of_o sudden_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n i_o shall_v relate_v the_o follow_v history_n viz._n that_o a_o woman_n have_v take_v a_o boy_n to_o a_o river_n side_n with_o she_o which_o she_o love_v very_o well_o the_o boy_n accidental_o fall_v into_o the_o water_n unseen_a by_o she_o when_o she_o miss_v he_o she_o be_v take_v with_o a_o dead_a palsy_n which_o can_v not_o be_v remove_v experiment_n iii_o but_o to_o show_v what_o contrary_a effect_n violent_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v have_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v in_o his_o youth_n take_v with_o so_o violent_a a_o sciatica_n that_o he_o can_v not_o go_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o church_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o incurable_a yet_o once_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o church_n news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o town_n which_o be_v a_o frontier_n garrison_n and_o design_v to_o massacre_n all_o in_o the_o church_n they_o all_o flee_v and_o leave_v he_o behind_o they_o who_o be_v as_o much_o afraid_a of_o himself_o as_o the_o rest_n get_v off_o his_o seat_n and_o walk_v along_o like_o other_o man_n and_o this_o i_o receive_v from_o the_o person_n affect_v forty_o year_n after_o the_o say_v fright_v who_o in_o all_o that_o time_n suffer_v not_o the_o least_o relapse_n of_o the_o distemper_n it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a advantage_n to_o physic_n will_v philosopher_n among_o those_o experiment_n which_o they_o lie_v down_o as_o relate_v to_o what_o they_o write_v purposely_o about_o communicate_v those_o which_o they_o think_v of_o use_n to_o physician_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v less_o pertinent_a to_o the_o subject_a under_o consideration_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a communicate_v such_o desire_v this_o short_a advertisement_n may_v be_v my_o apology_n a_o desined_a chemical_a medicine_n experiment_n iu._n though_o vomitive_a medicine_n be_v not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a yet_o since_o in_o several_a disease_n they_o be_v altogether_o requisite_a i_o shall_v here_o lay_v down_o a_o preparation_n which_o be_v as_o effectual_a and_o yet_o safe_a than_o any_o other_o liquor_n and_o much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o infusion_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la the_o preparation_n be_v this_o distil_v two_o part_n of_o antimony_n and_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o glass-receiver_n till_o the_o distil_a menstruum_fw-la be_v succeed_v with_o red_a flores_n and_o filtrate_v the_o liquor_n through_o cap-paper_n lay_v it_o up_o for_o use_v close_o stop_v it_o may_v be_v give_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o or_o ten_o drop_n in_o a_o spoonful_n or_o two_o of_o wine_n blackcherry_n water_n or_o spring-water_n drink_v some_o of_o the_o same_o liquor_n after_o it_o to_o wash_v it_o down_o it_o work_v very_o soon_o and_o evacuate_v plentiful_o and_o effectual_o without_o danger_n it_o have_v have_v not_o only_o very_o good_a success_n in_o surfeit_n and_o several_a other_o case_n but_o cure_v a_o person_n of_o a_o intermit_a fever_n which_o put_v on_o various_a type_n and_o continue_v to_o afflict_v the_o patient_n three_o year_n notwithstanding_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o jesuit_n powder_n have_v be_v frequent_o give_v but_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v this_o short_a advertisement_n viz._n that_o the_o powder_n if_o keep_v long_o be_v apt_a to_o precipitate_v it_o must_v either_o be_v make_v use_n of_o whilst_o the_o liquor_n be_v fresh_a or_o the_o bottle_n must_v be_v shake_v well_o when_o it_o be_v use_v a_o design_v chemical_a medicine_n consider_v the_o great_a esteem_n and_o value_n of_o mineral_n water_n i_o contrive_v a_o way_n to_o imitate_v they_o by_o make_v use_n of_o ingredient_n very_o harmless_a in_o themselves_o and_o likely_a to_o make_v no_o less_o innocent_a a_o composition_n the_o trial_n be_v this_o have_v digest_v in_o a_o bolt-head_n two_o day_n one_o part_n of_o file_n of_o iron_n with_o ten_o of_o distil_a vinegar_n and_o then_o increase_v the_o heat_n till_o the_o transparent_a liquor_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o orange_a colour_n we_o pour_v part_n of_o it_o off_o lest_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v too_o much_o impregnate_v the_o metal_n shall_v be_v precipitate_v this_o orange-colour_n tincture_n be_v keep_v for_o use_n we_o drop_v four_o drop_n into_o eight_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o common_a water_n which_o make_v a_o
artificial_a spa_n who_o taste_n not_o only_o agree_v with_o that_o of_o the_o natural_a spaw_n but_o it_o will_v like_o tunbridge_n or_o the_o german_a spa_n turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gaul_n purple_n experiment_n v._n the_o bezoar_a stone_n be_v a_o medicine_n of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o in_o malignant_a fever_n but_o the_o plague_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o dearness_n apt_a to_o be_v counterfeit_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a way_n of_o distinguish_v betwixt_o good_a and_o bad_a viz._n by_o digest_v about_o fifty_o grain_n fine_o powder_v with_o six_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n for_o after_o they_o have_v be_v mix_v some_o time_n the_o spirit_n begin_v to_o dissolve_v the_o powder_n and_o extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o northward_o window_n about_o eight_o and_o forty_o hour_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n much_o like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n to_o show_v that_o the_o purge_n or_o astringent_a quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o patient_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o agent_n i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o a_o certain_a lady_n have_v eat_v a_o toast_n with_o cinnamon_n upon_o it_o be_v so_o violent_o purge_v for_o about_o two_o day_n that_o it_o bring_v convulsion_n and_o a_o spasmus_fw-la cinycus_n upon_o she_o which_o be_v not_o remove_v in_o three_o year_n a_o physician_n to_o who_o i_o communicate_v several_a thing_n send_v i_o the_o follow_a account_n in_o a_o letter_n from_o dublin_n date_v feb._n 27._o 1682._o viz._n that_o he_o find_v the_o good_a effect_n of_o ens_fw-la veneris_fw-la in_o remove_v the_o subsultus_fw-la tendinum_fw-la in_o a_o febris_n petechialis_n which_o be_v fatal_a to_o many_o for_o about_o fourteen_o month_n the_o method_n i_o take_v in_o this_o fever_n be_v if_o the_o patient_n be_v costive_a first_o to_o prescribe_v a_o glister_n and_o a_o large_a blister_a plaster_n between_o the_o shoulder_n keep_v it_o run_v till_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o distemper_n all_o this_o time_n i_o prescribe_v emulsion_n of_o aqua_fw-la aronis_fw-la card._n bened._n citri_fw-la totius_fw-la &_o syr._n gratorum_fw-la cum_fw-la aceto_n orange_n and_o buttermilk_n posset_n etc._n etc._n i_o avoid_v the_o use_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o quicken_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o i_o rather_o prescribe_v blister_v to_o prevent_v than_o cure_v affection_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la because_o the_o matter_n be_v once_o fix_v in_o those_o part_n they_o become_v ineffectual_a a_o design_v chemical_a medicine_n consider_v that_o the_o menstruum_n usual_o employ_v in_o open_v and_o prepare_v the_o body_n of_o steel_n be_v acid_n i_o try_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o follow_a method_n have_v dissolve_v fresh_a file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o warm_a place_n in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n high_o rectify_v per_n se_fw-la the_o filtrated_a solution_n have_v a_o taste_n 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that_o will_v sink_v in_o water_n powder_n a_o comminution_n of_o gold_n into_o powder_n we_o dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o refine_a gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la add_v about_o two_o spoonful_n of_o water_n to_o the_o solution_n in_o which_o mixture_n a_o small_a piece_n of_o metal_n be_v suspend_v it_o in_o a_o few_o day_n afford_v a_o deep_a colour_a precipitate_v which_o be_v so_o light_a that_o it_o be_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o subside_v and_o as_o easy_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o mud_n upon_o a_o agitation_n of_o the_o vessel_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o upon_o a_o agitation_n the_o liquor_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v opacous_a yet_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o fine_a purple_a colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o gold_n be_v so_o far_o divide_v as_o by_o be_v scatter_v through_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o it_o experiment_n ii_o a_o proof_n of_o the_o metalline_a nature_n of_o granate_n &_o the_o metalline_a nature_n of_o granate_n c._n &_o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v viz._n that_o the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n depend_v on_o a_o mixture_n of_o metalline_a juice_n with_o the_o particle_n of_o those_o gem_n whilst_o in_o fluid_a form_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o granate_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o loadstone_n it_o so_o strong_o attract_v it_o as_o not_o without_o violence_n to_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o experiment_n iii_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n that_o he_o see_v a_o flat_a saphir_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o have_v a_o small_a cavity_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o fill_v with_o a_o fluid_a substance_n which_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o petryfie_v as_o the_o rest_n experiment_n iu._n to_o prove_v that_o fish_n hear_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v here_o lay_v down_o a_o relation_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o genoa_n observe_v the_o gardener_n to_o assemble_v the_o fish_n in_o the_o pond_n together_o by_o a_o certain_a noise_n which_o he_o make_v experiment_n v._n to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o various_a colour_n refract_v by_o the_o minute_n and_o part_n of_o solid_n i_o shall_v here_o note_v that_o a_o globe_n of_o rock-crystal_n be_v saw_v in_o two_o the_o new_a superficies_n refract_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o as_o to_o exhibit_v colour_n more_o lively_a than_o those_o of_o a_o rainbow_n which_o be_v refract_v this_o way_n or_o that_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v different_o situate_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n succeed_v the_o like_a trial_n with_o a_o touchstone_n which_o experiment_n may_v confirm_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v colour_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o
a_o thin_a white_a opacous_a bed_n and_o the_o three_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o long_a series_n of_o crystal_n thick_o set_v and_o which_o look_v whitish_a and_o upon_o these_o which_o be_v not_o much_o thick_a than_o a_o barleycorn_n lie_v another_o make_v up_o of_o crystal_n like_o amethyst_n some_o high_o tinge_v than_o other_o and_o more_o elevate_v where_o they_o have_v most_o room_n to_o shoot_v those_o that_o be_v most_o elevate_v be_v hard_a enough_o to_o grate_v line_n upon_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o concrete_v stone_n crystal_n which_o be_v set_v round_o the_o side_n of_o they_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v form_v of_o a_o lapidescent_n juice_n which_o be_v percolate_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o form_v curious_o shape_v crystal_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o dig_a that_o he_o have_v observe_v several_a cluster_n of_o these_o crystal_n which_o stick_v to_o no_o part_n of_o the_o rock_n but_o seem_v to_o be_v hasty_o form_v 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have_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o see_v a_o fly_n in_o shape_n and_o size_n much_o like_o a_o grass-hopper_n enclose_v in_o solid_a amber_n but_o various_o and_o curious_o colour_v with_o his_o wing_n display_v and_o i_o have_v see_v white_a amethist_n in_o which_o there_o appear_v to_o be_v several_a line_n some_o of_o a_o brownish_a and_o some_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o look_v like_o hair_n some_o lie_a parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o other_o more_o incline_v and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o diamond_n be_v not_o void_a of_o particle_n of_o heterogeneous_a matter_n which_o be_v countenance_v not_o only_o by_o odd_a cloud_n which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o but_o the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o water_n the_o difference_n amount_v to_o a_o carrot_fw-la betwixt_o diamond_n of_o the_o size_n of_o two_o ordinary_a pease_n but_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o 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the_o thin_a layer_n but_o in_o the_o speck_n and_o irregular_o shape_v cloud_n whether_o greenish_a or_o bluish_a and_o to_o illustrate_v a_o observation_n former_o make_v on_o diamond_n bed_v one_o within_o another_o i_o shall_v urge_v what_o be_v observe_v in_o cryftalize_a salt_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o a_o metalline_a solution_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o number_n of_o crystal_n have_v shoot_v after_o the_o first_o evaporation_n several_a successive_a layer_n shoot_v upon_o those_o in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o solution_n the_o crystal_n of_o one_o layer_n be_v not_o only_o fasten_v to_o the_o other_o but_o differ_v considerable_o as_o well_o in_o their_o shape_n as_o posture_n in_o this_o metalline_a solution_n the_o mineral_n be_v only_o one_o and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la simple_n but_o have_v the_o first_o be_v compound_v there_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a diversity_n as_o likewise_o crystal_n of_o a_o compound_n nature_n as_o when_o a_o solution_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n be_v set_v to_o crystalize_v where_o beside_o salt_n of_o result_a figure_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n coagulate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o imperfect_a cube_n about_o the_o bottom_n before_o the_o nitrous_a particle_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o own_o shape_n and_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o crystallization_n may_v not_o only_o be_v promote_v by_o evaporation_n but_o by_o soak_v part_n of_o the_o water_n up_o either_o by_o immerse_v it_o or_o by_o place_v dry_a earth_n under_o the_o solution_n or_o some_o other_o porous_a body_n and_o by_o some_o analogy_n to_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v conceive_v how_o some_o of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n be_v disperse_v the_o remain_a may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o coagulate_v but_o by_o a_o moist_a season_n or_o superven_a cold_a the_o moisture_n cease_v to_o be_v further_o disperse_v the_o coagulation_n may_v be_v for_o a_o
as_o not_o to_o affect_v any_o one_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o consequent_o may_v continue_v a_o atmosphere_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v able_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o forestus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o pestilential_a contagion_n that_o be_v a_o long_a time_n preserve_v in_o a_o cobweb_n and_o alexander_n benedictus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o flock-bed_n which_o when_o several_a year_n after_o the_o plague_n it_o be_v beat_v it_o present_o infect_v the_o bystander_n and_o sennertus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o vratislavia_n in_o six_o month_n six_o thousand_o man_n dye_v of_o the_o plague_n and_o that_o from_o that_o time_n the_o infection_n be_v preserve_v in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n and_o be_v display_v in_o another_o place_n 13_o year_n after_o it_o infect_v that_o place_n likewise_o and_o trincavella_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o infection_n be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rope_n by_o which_o dead_a person_n be_v let_v down_o into_o their_o grave_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o by_o diemerbroeck_n who_o acquaint_v we_o that_o a_o apothecary_n of_o he_o turn_v over_o some_o straw_n upon_o which_o a_o bed_n have_v lie_v which_o hold_v a_o infect_a person_n the_o steam_n immediate_o cause_v blister_n upon_o his_o leg_n and_o a_o carbuncle_n which_o be_v a_o fortnight_n in_o heal_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v a_o pair_n of_o spanish_a perfume_v glove_n which_o have_v continue_v their_o scent_n about_o thirty_o year_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o box._fw-la chap._n v._o of_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n though_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v minute_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n effluvium_n o_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n yet_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o they_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n i._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a number_n ii_o their_o penetrate_a nature_n iii_o the_o celerity_n and_o modification_n of_o their_o motion_n iv_o the_o congruity_n of_o their_o bulk_n and_o shape_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v to_o act_v upon_o v._o the_o motion_n of_o one_o part_n of_o a_o body_n which_o they_o cause_v to_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o iv_o their_o aptitude_n to_o cause_v themselves_o to_o be_v assist_v by_o more_o catholic_n agent_n though_o they_o may_v perform_v several_a thing_n considerable_a upon_o these_o account_n yet_o sometime_o two_o or_o three_o or_o more_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o same_o effect_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n be_v very_a minute_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v follow_v they_o must_v be_v numerous_a and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a agent_n when_o they_o act_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la unius_fw-la may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n be_v evident_a since_o inundation_n of_o whole_a country_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n when_o drop_n fall_v in_o multitude_n and_o aggregate_n of_o small_a sand_n not_o only_o bind_v the_o sea_n but_o form_n banks_n upon_o which_o the_o great_a ship_n be_v sometime_o split_v and_o though_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o single_a grain_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v immaterial_a yet_o prodigious_a thing_n may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o though_o vapour_n be_v make_v up_o of_o very_a small_a particle_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v inactive_a yet_o in_o moist_a wether_n they_o cause_v salt_n to_o melt_v wood_n to_o swell_v and_o viol-string_n if_o they_o be_v stretch_v too_o much_o to_o break_v and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o a_o new_o white_v room_n be_v so_o offensive_a that_o people_n who_o sleep_v in_o such_o place_n have_v be_v find_v dead_a in_o the_o morning_n be_v suffocate_v with_o those_o fume_n and_o though_o the_o vapour_n which_o can_v issue_v out_o of_o such_o body_n at_o once_o can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o effect_n yet_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o they_o continual_o succeed_v each_o other_o as_o wind_z out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n their_o number_n and_o minuteness_n may_v enable_v they_o to_o cause_v considerable_a effect_n and_o that_o the_o subtlety_n and_o penetrate_a nature_n of_o effluvia_fw-la contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v since_o good_a aquafortis_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o penetrate_v as_o in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o pervade_v the_o cork_n with_o which_o the_o bottle_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v stop_v and_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o pap._n and_o run_v mercury_n have_v be_v find_v in_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o mercureal_a fume_n and_o in_o the_o laboratory_n of_o chemist_n the_o steam_n of_o sulphur_n antimony_n arsenic_n etc._n etc._n make_v those_o stagger_v that_o less_o cautious_o unlute_v the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v sublime_v or_o distil_v to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o infectious_a steam_n in_o the_o plague_n which_o sudden_o infect_v the_o internal_a part_n and_o likewise_o the_o sudden_a effect_n of_o a_o torpedo_n and_o i_o prepare_v a_o sal-armoniac_a so_o powerful_a that_o it_o restore_v a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a to_o one_o that_o have_v lose_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n which_o virtue_n it_o have_v beside_o those_o more_o common_a one_o of_o affect_v the_o eye_n mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o water_n assist_v by_o warmth_n be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o solid_a body_n so_o that_o by_o philosophical_a calcination_n solid_a piece_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v so_o friable_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o powder_n only_o by_o be_v hang_v over_o the_o steam_n of_o distil_a water_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o under_o several_a place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o dew_n be_v so_o penetrate_v that_o it_o cause_v knife_n to_o rust_v in_o their_o sheath_n and_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n and_o even_o watch_v in_o their_o case_n and_o in_o england_n i_o have_v know_v hard_a body_n become_v friable_a by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o vapour_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a and_o mineral_n body_n burst_v by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o effluvium_n and_o that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o minute_n body_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la flame_n whirlwind_n and_o wind_n and_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o those_o odoriferous_a steam_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o affect_v our_o nostril_n be_v in_o too_o languid_a a_o motion_n till_o enable_v to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o powerful_o by_o run_v through_o the_o nostril_n in_o a_o stream_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o setting-dog_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v much_o more_o affect_v with_o a_o scent_n when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o scent_n towards_o their_o nostril_n than_o when_o it_o come_v the_o contrary_a way_n the_o current_n of_o the_o wind_n cause_v the_o odoriferous_a steam_n to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o brisk_o and_o electrical_a body_n exert_v that_o faculty_n more_o strong_o after_o attrition_n the_o emission_n of_o their_o electrical_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v excite_v and_o the_o learned_a faber_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o hare_n be_v suspend_v near_o a_o electrick_n when_o the_o effluvium_n be_v too_o brisk_o agitate_a it_o will_v not_o be_v attract_v but_o drive_v away_o from_o it_o and_o i_o know_v a_o certain_a substance_n make_v by_o distillation_n who_o smell_n in_o the_o cold_a be_v very_o inoffensive_a but_o when_o it_o be_v warm_a it_o emit_v steam_n more_o strong_a and_o penetrate_a than_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a substance_n stink_v egregious_o when_o excite_v to_o emit_v their_o effluvia_fw-la by_o attrition_n and_o as_o celerity_n of_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o subtle_a body_n so_o do_v the_o different_a modification_n of_o that_o motion_n for_o as_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o javelin_n have_v different_a effect_n when_o they_o fly_v with_o one_o end_n first_o from_o what_o they_o have_v when_o they_o twirl_v round_o with_o a_o certain_a rotation_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a determination_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n and_o that_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n they_o
be_v to_o work_v upon_o contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n for_o i_o have_v see_v two_o tall_a drink_a glass_n so_o alter_v in_o their_o shape_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o lightning_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o little_a widen_v near_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o so_o far_o bend_v that_o it_o stand_v awry_o the_o beam_n of_o lightning_n be_v able_a in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n to_o melt_v glass_n though_o in_o glass_n furnace_n the_o fire_n be_v sometime_o before_o it_o can_v produce_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o once_o see_v lead_v melt_v by_o lightning_n which_o leave_v the_o glass_n unaffected_a and_o likewise_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n that_o be_v near_o it_o and_o though_o it_o leave_v these_o thing_n untouched_a yet_o it_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o a_o wall_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n by_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n that_o thunder_n either_o by_o give_v a_o determinate_a concussion_n to_o the_o air_n or_o transmit_v some_o effluvia_fw-la turn_v beer_n sour_a but_o have_v seal_v some_o up_o in_o glass_n hermetical_o the_o thunder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o affect_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o prevent_v beer_n from_o sour_v upon_o storm_n of_o thunder_n to_o place_v chafing-dish_n of_o coal_n under_o the_o barrel_n the_o sulphureous_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_n so_o alter_v as_o either_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o barrel_n or_o not_o able_a to_o alter_v the_o liquor_n another_o way_n by_o which_o considerable_a effect_n be_v cause_v by_o effluvia_fw-la be_v by_o exciting_a such_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o as_o to_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o act_n upon_o another_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v from_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o live_a one_o since_o some_o vigorous_a lodestone_n destroy_v the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o excite_v needle_n in_o a_o trice_n or_o give_v it_o a_o virticity_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a without_o touch_v it_o and_o these_o magnetical_a emission_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v very_a minute_n since_o they_o be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o iron_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o light_n one_o which_o will_v take_v up_o eighty_o time_n its_o weight_n but_o the_o chief_a instance_n i_o shall_v now_o insist_v on_o be_v those_o wrought_v upon_o animal_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o organ_n of_o smell_a be_v chief_o affect_v by_o such_o minute_n particle_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o fine_a odour_n consist_v of_o nor_o do_v they_o always_o affect_v we_o as_o odour_n since_o violent_a smell_n whether_o stink_a or_o sweet_a be_v able_a to_o cause_n very_o troublesome_a headache_n and_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o very_a please_a perfume_n may_v produce_v in_o a_o humane_a body_n which_o before_o be_v well_o and_o strong_a both_o faintness_n swoon_v loss_n of_o sensible_a respiration_n intumescence_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la seem_v epilepsy_n convulsive_a motion_n of_o the_o limb_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o have_v a_o salarmoniack_a which_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n remove_v hysterick_n fit_v and_o recover_v people_n who_o by_o the_o bystander_n be_v judge_v to_o fall_v down_o in_o epileptical_a fit_n which_o sudden_a effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o beside_o these_o effect_n of_o odorous_a body_n upon_o woman_n i_o know_v a_o man_n of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o a_o sanguine_a constitution_n who_o will_v be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a headache_n by_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n and_o another_o to_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n be_v as_o offensive_a and_o i_o know_v a_o lady_n who_o will_v present_o swoon_v at_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n if_o they_o be_v not_o speedy_o remove_v and_o as_o these_o slight_a smell_n have_v prove_v offensive_a so_o it_o be_v not_o much_o less_o considerable_a that_o the_o smell_n of_o salarmoniack_a cure_v the_o headache_n beside_o the_o aforementioned_a effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la it_o be_v observe_v that_o woman_n have_v miscarry_v upon_o the_o stink_n of_o a_o candle_n careless_o extinguish_v and_o i_o not_o only_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o will_v vomit_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o coffee_n but_o a_o physician_n who_o will_v vomit_v and_o purge_v if_o he_o do_v but_o smell_n at_o electuarium_fw-la lenitivum_fw-la and_o i_o know_v another_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o grease_n which_o be_v about_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o hackney-coach_n will_v make_v sick_a and_o cause_n to_o vomit_v if_o it_o do_v but_o pass_v by_o he_o and_o not_o only_a smoke_n be_v offensive_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o lung_n but_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la upon_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v one_o of_o their_o effect_n on_o the_o humour_n for_o i_o know_v a_o apothecary_n who_o upon_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n have_v such_o a_o colliquation_n of_o humour_n in_o his_o head_n that_o they_o set_v he_o a_o cough_n make_v he_o run_v at_o the_o nose_n and_o give_v he_o a_o sore_a throat_n and_o also_o by_o a_o affluence_n of_o humour_n make_v his_o eye_n sore_o and_o as_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v enable_v to_o perform_v several_a thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o particular_a body_n so_o they_o may_v effect_v several_a thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o law_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o body_n by_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v render_v fit_a to_o be_v wrought_v on_o by_o light_a magnet_n the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n or_o some_o other_o catholic_n agent_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o to_o what_o instance_n have_v already_o be_v give_v of_o body_n work_v upon_o other_o place_v at_o a_o distance_n i_o may_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o contiguous_a body_n as_o bloodstone_n cornelian_o nephritick_n son_n lapis_fw-la malacensis_fw-la and_o some_o annulet_n and_o other_o solid_a substance_n external_o apply_v by_o physician_n as_o cantharides_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n though_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n have_v only_o distinguish_v the_o exhalation_n of_o this_o globe_n into_o those_o which_o he_o call_v fume_n and_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n he_o term_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o those_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o water_n which_o he_o call_v hot_a and_o moist_a in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o beside_o these_o slight_a difference_n since_o the_o earth_n contain_v several_a body_n which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o distinct_a atmosphere_n we_o may_v probable_o conceive_v they_o to_o have_v their_o distinct_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o even_o in_o fluid_a body_n heterogeneous_a part_n may_v swim_v which_o notwithstanding_o their_o fluidity_n may_v retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n since_o rock-allom_n and_o salt-petre_n be_v dissolve_v together_o in_o water_n upon_o a_o gentle_a evaporation_n will_v each_o of_o they_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o respective_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o that_o effluvia_fw-la retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n though_o so_o small_a as_o to_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n appear_v since_o upon_o their_o reunion_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o body_n that_o emit_v they_o as_o water_n raise_v in_o vapour_n condense_n again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o distillation_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v with_o a_o convenient_a fire_n will_v almost_o all_o be_v find_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o run_v mercury_n and_o if_o when_o chemist_n be_v either_o make_v a_o amalgama_n or_o force_v the_o mercury_n away_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fire_n they_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n in_o their_o mouth_n it_o will_v be_v white_a as_o if_o it_o be_v silver_v over_o and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o camphire_n sublime_v in_o close_a vessel_n unite_v into_o a_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o other_o and_o though_o a_o body_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o metal_n and_o another_o mineral_n and_o two_o or_o three_o salt_n yet_o upon_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o mixture_n from_o its_o grosser_n part_n if_o the_o remain_a and_o fine_a part_n be_v minute_n enough_o and_o fine_o shape_v the_o whole_o liquor_n will_v ascend_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o receiver_n altogether_o recover_v its_o pristine_a form_n of_o a_o transparent_a fluid_fw-la compose_v of_o differ_v saline_n and_o mineral_n part_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o distillation_n of_o butter_n or_o oil_n of_o antimony_n very_o well_o rectify_v for_o this_o liquor_n
interval_n or_o pore_n and_o that_o wood_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n will_v appear_v since_o quicksilver_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o penetrate_v the_o side_n of_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a piece_n of_o wood_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o my_o pneumatical_a instrument_n the_o external_a press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o board_n which_o cover_v it_o that_o though_o it_o be_v of_o strong_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n yet_o it_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o smoke_v liquor_n tinge_v a_o copper_n halfpenny_n through_o a_o broad_a thin_a shave_n of_o deal_n though_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o sensible_a perforation_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v with_o two_o and_o a_o three_o with_o three_o shave_n they_o tinge_v the_o copper_n halfpenny_n though_o not_o in_o so_o little_a time_n nor_o quite_o so_o conspicuous_o and_o that_o bake_a clay_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n be_v evident_a since_o oil_n will_v soak_v through_o strong_a and_o well_o bake_v earthen_a vessel_n and_o so_o will_v solution_n of_o nitre_n and_o some_o other_o salt_n and_o very_o few_o except_o hassian_n crucibles_fw-fr will_v keep_v salt_n of_o tartar_n long_o in_o fusion_n without_o be_v penetrate_v by_o they_o and_o vitriol_n and_o salt-petre_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o weight_n when_o distil_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n the_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a part_n fly_v away_o through_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o those_o jugg_n that_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n harden_v sufficient_o to_o strike_v fire_n with_o a_o good_a stell_n have_v their_o pore_n pervade_v by_o the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o spirituous_a liquor_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o spirituous_a cider_n have_v sweat_n through_o the_o side_n of_o stone_n bottle_n which_o manifest_v itself_o by_o its_o taste_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o silver_n dissolve_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o horny_a substance_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o hassian_n crucible_n several_a particle_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o and_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o natural_a stone_n be_v porous_a i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o i_o have_v a_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n send_v from_o the_o west-indies_n through_o who_o pore_n water_n will_v sweat_v and_o if_o the_o transparency_n or_o opacity_n of_o body_n proceed_v from_o a_o rectitude_n or_o crookedness_n of_o pore_n which_o make_v they_o fit_a or_o unfit_a to_o transmit_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la will_v be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o stone_n since_o whilst_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o in_o the_o air_n it_o be_v opacous_a but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o while_n in_o the_o water_n it_o become_v transparent_a like_o amber_n but_o soon_o lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o and_o so_o paper_n wet_a with_o water_n become_v more_o transparent_a but_o lose_v of_o that_o transparency_n when_o dry_v again_o and_o to_o favour_v this_o explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la have_v be_v weigh_v after_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v heavy_a than_o before_o and_o since_o several_a stone_n as_o granate_n emeri_fw-la etc._n etc._n contain_v mineaal_n part_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v exact_o contiguous_a without_o leave_v some_o pore_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n all_o artificial_a gem_n make_v by_o fusion_n and_o tinge_v with_o heterogeneous_a pigment_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o pore_n and_o since_o natural_a gem_n be_v make_v up_o of_o stony_a ingredient_n and_o mineral_n part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o must_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v furnish_v with_o pore_n likewise_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v conclude_v in_o reference_n to_o all_o heterogeneous_a and_o compound_a substance_n as_o marcasite_n loadstone_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o white_a marble_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n may_v be_v argue_v not_o only_o from_o its_o easy_a solution_n by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n etc._n but_o from_o its_o aptness_n to_o be_v tinge_v with_o vapour_n that_o be_v not_o fret_v so_o that_o red_a and_o other_o colour_n may_v be_v soak_v into_o it_o as_o oil_n be_v into_o wood._n and_o have_v cement_v some_o clear_a fragment_n of_o native_a crystal_n with_o a_o composition_n of_o some_o volatile_a mineral_n together_o with_o a_o salt_n or_o two_o and_o have_v suffer_v the_o crucible_n to_o cool_v leisurely_o several_a of_o the_o fragment_n be_v stain_v here_o and_o there_o with_o different_a colour_n some_o more_o and_o other_o less_o dull_a but_o whether_o the_o tincture_n these_o piece_n of_o crystal_n receive_v proceed_v from_o some_o of_o the_o fine_a of_o the_o mineral_n part_n imbibe_v into_o the_o stone_n when_o flaw_v with_o too_o much_o haste_n and_o whether_o upon_o cool_v those_o flaw_n do_v not_o grow_v too_o close_o to_o be_v discernible_a to_o the_o eye_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o ruby_n when_o polish_v upon_o the_o wheel_n and_o very_o hot_a have_v seem_v full_a of_o crack_n which_o upon_o their_o cool_a whole_o disappear_v and_o that_o metal_n themselves_o be_v porous_a may_v be_v argue_v from_o their_o aptness_n to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o proper_a menstruum_n and_o especial_o by_o lay_v sulphur_n and_o thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n sss_n in_o a_o crucible_n upon_o which_o another_o be_v lute_v to_o keep_v the_o sulphur_n from_o take_v fire_n for_o have_v keep_v they_o thus_o about_o three_o hour_n in_o a_o heat_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o melt_v the_o sulphur_n but_o not_o the_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o cool_v we_o find_v that_o the_o sulphur_n have_v so_o penetrate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o copper_n as_o to_o turn_v most_o of_o it_o into_o a_o brittle_a substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v away_o with_o one_o finger_n be_v alter_v not_o only_o in_o texture_n but_o colour_n some_o be_v of_o a_o dirty_a dark_a colour_n other_o of_o a_o violet_n and_o many_o of_o the_o plate_n when_o they_o be_v break_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o plate_n and_o to_o have_v a_o manifest_a distance_n betwixt_o they_o and_o we_o can_v likewise_o discern_v the_o fiber_n of_o the_o metal_n extend_v themselves_o from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o copper_n plate_n to_o the_o other_o and_o that_o the_o sulphur_n penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o copper-plate_n may_v not_o only_o be_v discern_v by_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o bulk_n but_o a_o blue_a flame_n which_o will_v discover_v itself_o when_o they_o be_v lay_v upon_o quick_a coal_n and_o by_o a_o like_a experiment_n we_o find_v that_o the_o body_n of_o silver_n tin_n and_o lead_v may_v be_v penetrate_v and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o arsenic_n will_v penetrate_v thus_o into_o the_o body_n of_o metal_n and_o i_o know_v a_o pigment_n which_o tinge_v the_o body_n of_o copper_n so_o as_o to_o give_v it_o the_o colour_n of_o gold_n and_o perfume_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v long_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n but_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o have_v a_o watch_n who_o metalline_a case_n be_v rich_o perfume_v and_o i_o remember_v i_o make_v a_o substance_n much_o like_o gold_n which_o retain_v several_a mercurial_a particle_n in_o it_o and_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o ring_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o the_o eye_n of_o several_a person_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o granadine_a moor_n have_v a_o art_n of_o curious_o perfume_a the_o weapon_n they_o forge_v and_o the_o same_o nobleman_n who_o tell_v i_o this_o acquaint_v i_o that_o he_o have_v a_o fowling-piece_n who_o barrel_n be_v perfume_v but_o its_o smell_n be_v much_o faint_a after_o it_o have_v be_v scour_v and_o last_o to_o show_v that_o even_o common_a glass_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n i_o shall_v reduce_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v and_o comprise_v it_o under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n prop._n i._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o glass_n may_v be_v pierce_v into_o at_o some_o distance_n even_o by_o visible_a and_o tangible_a body_n and_o beside_o the_o argument_n already_o offer_v to_o evince_v the_o porosity_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o certain_a spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o glass_n in_o a_o cool_a place_n it_o corrode_v some_o part_n so_o much_o as_o
the_o root_n be_v impel_v into_o it_o and_o thence_o convey_v into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v convey_v in_o the_o form_n of_o sap_n which_o pass_v through_o new_a strainer_n receive_v alteration_n requisite_a to_o turn_v it_o into_o wood_n bark_n leaves_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o young_a thrive_a animal_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o the_o nourishment_n shall_v be_v convey_v to_o all_o the_o part_n without_o suppose_v they_o furnish_v with_o pore_n for_o its_o reception_n and_o passage_n another_o argument_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o animal_n body_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o the_o plenty_n of_o humour_n carry_v off_o by_o sweat_n and_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o good_a microscope_n we_o may_v discern_v pore_n in_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o glove_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o skin_n dress_v and_o they_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o quicksilver_n ready_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o sheep_n skin_n and_o leave_v the_o dross_n behind_o in_o the_o leather_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v try_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o man_n arm_n tan_v which_o pore_n according_a to_o steno_n and_o malpighius_n be_v the_o excretory_a vessel_n of_o the_o glandulae_fw-la miliares_n contain_v in_o the_o skin_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n and_o shell_n of_o egg_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n appear_v since_o the_o moisture_n contain_v be_v so_o far_o dissipate_v through_o they_o as_o to_o diminish_v their_o weight_n and_o sanctorius_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la statica_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o if_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_v take_v one_o day_n amount_v to_o eight_o pound_n five_o pound_n will_v be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o he_o elsewhere_o say_v that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n â—n_o the_o winter_n time_n a_o healthful_a body_n may_v exhale_v fifty_o ounce_n or_o more_o a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v off_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o if_o one_o finger_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v hold_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o any_o cold_a body_n it_o will_v present_o be_v sully_v over_o with_o the_o steam_v that_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o their_o porosity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v how_o soon_o those_o black_a and_o blue_a spot_n in_o the_o skin_n occasion_v by_o bruise_n be_v remove_v for_o which_o use_n helmont_n employ_v white_a bryony_n root_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o poultess_n of_o chap_a hyssop_n and_o fresh_a butter_n remove_v the_o pain_n and_o black_a colour_n of_o a_o contusion_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o not_o only_o the_o skin_n but_o the_o membrane_n of_o body_n be_v stock_v with_o pore_n since_o the_o bladder_n of_o a_o dead_a animal_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o they_o for_o if_o salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bladder_n and_o it_o be_v then_o immerse_v in_o water_n enough_o of_o it_o will_v penetrate_v the_o bladder_n to_o dissolve_v the_o salt_n and_o render_v it_o liquid_a and_o the_o like_v succeed_v but_o much_o more_o slow_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o sugar_n and_o some_o say_v that_o syrup_n make_v this_o way_n instead_o of_o use_v ordinary_a water_n be_v much_o more_o preferable_a and_o as_o a_o further_a instance_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o egg_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o one_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o very_o sharp_a vinegar_n though_o the_o shell_n be_v part_n of_o it_o consume_v yet_o be_v take_v out_o and_o wipe_v it_o be_v considerable_o swell_v and_o heavy_a than_o before_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v imbibe_v and_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o and_o i_o be_o not_o only_o tell_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o way_n of_o salt_a egg_n but_o i_o find_v by_o coat_v one_o over_o with_o clay_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o brine_n the_o substance_n contain_v taste_v evident_o salt_n and_o i_o know_v a_o physician_n who_o be_v affect_v with_o a_o giddiness_n upon_o the_o use_n of_o clyster_n of_o sack_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v apply_v tobacco_n to_o the_o sore_a leg_n of_o one_o of_o his_o patient_n it_o cause_v her_o stomach_n to_o turn_v or_o actual_a vomit_v and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o use_v to_o vomit_v himself_o by_o apply_v decoction_n of_o tobacco_n to_o his_o wrist_n or_o other_o extreme_a part_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a custom_n to_o purge_v child_n by_o the_o application_n of_o external_a thing_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o bathe_v the_o sore_a head_n of_o child_n with_o a_o decoction_n of_o tobacco_n have_v cause_v a_o giddiness_n and_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la tell_v i_o that_o have_v take_v another_o by_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v gentle_o besmear_v with_o oil_n it_o give_v he_o three_o or_o four_o stool_n present_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o porosity_n of_o membrane_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o aptness_n of_o lute-string_n to_o imbibe_n into_o their_o pore_n moist_a particle_n and_o also_o the_o metastasis_n or_o translation_n of_o morbific_a matter_n in_o disease_a body_n as_o the_o matter_n which_o cause_v a_o fever_n be_v discharge_v upon_o the_o brain_n cause_v a_o delirium_fw-la and_o other_o distemper_n as_o it_o be_v discharge_v upon_o the_o pleura_fw-la the_o membrane_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o throat_n or_o gut_n another_o argument_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o animal_n body_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o their_o aptness_n to_o imbibe_n effluvia_fw-la from_o without_o as_o when_o cantharides_n external_o apply_v affect_v the_o bladder_n to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o plaster_n and_o ointment_n and_o pericarpia_n for_o i_o have_v often_o cure_v ague_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o â—â—â—ians_n hop_n and_o bay-salt_n and_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o mercury_n external_o use_v in_o ointment_n will_v salivate_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o periapta_n and_o appensa_fw-la of_o bloodstone_n in_o stop_v of_o hemorragy_n and_o of_o another_o kind_n of_o stone_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o indian_n in_o obstructione_fw-la menstruum_fw-la and_o i_o have_v find_v myself_o that_o the_o moss_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n skull_n will_v stop_v a_o hemorrhage_n as_o soon_o as_o warm_v by_o the_o contiguous_a skin_n and_o zwelfer_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o preserve_v several_a from_o the_o plague_n by_o use_v helmont_n troch_v of_o toad_n in_o annulet_n and_o several_a of_o these_o troche_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o plague_n sore_n of_o the_o infect_a they_o be_v afterward_o cure_v by_o the_o use_n of_o vulgar_a remedy_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v draw_v a_o spirit_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o flower_n of_o brimstone_n powder_v salarmoniack_a and_o good_a quicklime_n in_o equal_a quantity_n by_o degree_n of_o fire_n in_o a_o retort_n till_o the_o sand_n be_v red_a hot_a if_o a_o piece_n of_o copper_n be_v fold_v up_o in_o sheep_n leather_n and_o hold_v over_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o metal_n will_v be_v tinge_v with_o the_o rise_a fume_n without_o discolour_v the_o leather_n and_o the_o same_o will_v succeed_v only_o more_o slow_o through_o a_o double_a fold_n of_o leather_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o leather_n receive_v from_o these_o pervade_a fume_n be_v that_o they_o give_v it_o a_o sulphureous_a smell_n and_o this_o experiment_n may_v favour_v the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o discolour_v the_o money_n in_o man_n pocket_n without_o burn_v they_o and_o the_o same_o effect_n have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o some_o who_o have_v ascend_v a_o burn_a mountain_n in_o america_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o lamb_n leather_n hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n acquire_v a_o moisture_n which_o add_v considerable_o to_o its_o weight_n and_o to_o these_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o cantharides_n upon_o some_o that_o only_o carry_v they_o in_o their_o pocket_n the_o effluvium_n of_o they_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o piss_v bloody_a urine_n and_o as_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o permeate_a liquor_n above_o mention_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n upon_o copper_n through_o the_o tough_a skin_n of_o a_o egg_n and_o likewise_o through_o a_o wet_a sheep_n bladder_n and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o porousness_n of_o animal_n body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v a_o long_a time_n a_o perforation_n in_o his_o thorax_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o inject_v medicate_v liquor_n often_o to_o cherish_v the_o part_n and_o likewise_o to_o wear_v a_o silken_a bag_n
that_o not_o to_o intimate_v that_o a_o body_n may_v have_v many_o similar_v quality_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o body_n and_o yet_o distinct_a operation_n on_o a_o three_o substance_n i_o say_v not_o to_o intimate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n betwixt_o volatile_a salt_n or_o spirit_n as_o they_o be_v common_o prepare_v and_o when_o prepare_v as_o they_o may_v by_o reiterated_a rectification_n and_o other_o way_n of_o depuration_n by_o a_o dextrous_a chemist_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o purity_n and_o simplicity_n a_o great_a degree_n i_o say_v because_o it_o may_v be_v difficult_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o absolute_a purity_n since_o unheeded_a commixture_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o other_o alkaly_n as_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o hartshorn_n be_v evident_a to_o several_a people_n who_o though_o they_o abhor_v the_o odour_n of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n yet_o they_o will_v with_o pleasure_n hold_v their_o nose_n a_o great_a while_n over_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o salarmoniack_a and_o though_o from_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o have_v get_v a_o salt_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a yet_o i_o have_v seldom_o if_o ever_o obtain_v a_o salt_n of_o the_o like_a shape_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o humane_a blood_n with_o that_o of_o common_a salt_n for_o though_o upon_o a_o evaporation_n of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n the_o salt_n will_v coagulate_v together_o yet_o the_o concretion_n seem_v confuse_v and_o not_o of_o the_o regular_a shape_n of_o those_o salt_n result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n with_o urinous_a spirit_n and_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v cure_v epilepsy_n which_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v not_o do_v title_n v._o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n contain_v in_o human_a blood_n whether_o accompany_v with_o its_o serum_n or_o dry_v this_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v since_o some_o man_n blood_n be_v much_o more_o phlegmatic_a than_o other_o or_o more_o serous_a which_o may_v of_o itself_o be_v more_o spirituous_a according_a to_o the_o complexion_n age_n sex_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o person_n that_o bleed_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o healthy_a human_a blood_n afford_v we_o seven_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o phlegm_n and_o consequent_o about_o four_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o dry_a stuff_n and_o have_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n seven_o ounce_n of_o well_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o spirit_n which_o though_o not_o rectify_v leave_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o viol_n i_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n undissolved_a which_o a_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o if_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v but_o a_o salt_n and_o phlegm_n unite_v we_o may_v well_o suppose_v that_o human_a blood_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n than_o this_o since_o from_o the_o seven_o ounce_n of_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o five_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n which_o have_v it_o be_v unite_a with_o a_o due_a quantity_n of_o phlegm_n it_o will_v probable_o have_v afford_v we_o near_o two_o ounce_n more_o of_o a_o liquor_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o spirit_n title_n vi_o of_o the_o consistence_n and_o specific_a gravity_n of_o human_n blood_n a_o compact_a body_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v fifty_o eight_o grain_n and_o in_o water_n weigh_v six_o grain_n and_o ¾_n in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n weigh_v but_o five_o grain_n and_o ¼_n and_o what_o be_v considerable_a be_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o keep_v float_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o if_o plunge_v into_o it_o will_v emerge_n again_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o its_o immunity_n from_o tenaciousness_n though_o divers_a other_o alkalizated_a liquor_n as_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la fix_v nitre_n resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v sensible_o unctuous_a and_o but_o languid_o fluid_a yet_o i_o observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n do_v not_o appear_v more_o unctuous_a than_o common_a water_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v common_o find_v that_o as_o liquor_n be_v more_o spirituous_a so_o the_o bubble_n raise_v by_o agitation_n soon_a disappear_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v almost_o as_o soon_o clear_a of_o they_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o when_o some_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v let_v fall_v they_o manifest_o appear_v less_o than_o drop_v of_o water_n to_o discover_v the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o human_a blood_n we_o so_o prepare_v common_a water_n by_o infusion_n make_v in_o it_o without_o heat_n that_o by_o put_v one_o single_a drop_n of_o our_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o ten_o ounce_n and_o four_o scruple_n of_o the_o prepare_a water_n and_o light_o shake_v the_o viol_n there_o appear_v throughout_o the_o liquor_n a_o manifest_a colour_n whereof_o no_o degree_n be_v discernible_a before_o so_o that_o it_o disperse_v itself_o through_o a_o thousand_o time_n as_o much_o water_n and_o produce_v a_o manifest_a change_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o and_o though_o this_o computation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o common_a supposition_n that_o a_o drop_v of_o water_n weigh_v a_o grain_n yet_o though_o it_o weigh_v more_o a_o little_a the_o difference_n be_v recompense_v since_o have_v drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o common_a water_n into_o a_o common_a balance_n well_o adjust_v and_o have_v likewise_o drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o this_o spirit_n we_o find_v that_o the_o last_o be_v not_o only_o less_o in_o bulk_n but_o light_a since_o they_o weigh_v not_o above_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n to_o which_o it_o extend_v itself_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o one_o to_o betwixt_o 4000_o and_o 5000_o and_o this_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v yet_o much_o great_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o some_o part_n even_o of_o this_o drop_n must_v needs_o be_v phlegm_n title_n vii_o of_o the_o odour_n taste_n colour_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o liquor_n potential_o cold_a since_o it_o refrigerate_v they_o and_o with_o reference_n to_o other_o potential_o hot_a since_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o it_o render_v they_o hot_a may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n for_o have_v put_v the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o hermetical_o seal_v weatherglass_n into_o a_o slender_a cylindrical_a glass_n we_o pour_v as_o much_o moderate_o strong_a spirit_n of_o blood_n into_o it_o as_o cover_v the_o ball_n and_o then_o drop_v on_o that_o liquor_n some_o good_a spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o which_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n accompany_v with_o a_o noise_n bubble_n and_o heat_v which_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n present_o ascend_v above_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o several_a other_o volatile_a alkaly_n be_v mix_v with_o acid_n produce_v a_o notable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o whereas_o i_o have_v several_a time_n find_v by_o trial_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n will_v with_o volatile_a salt_n of_o salarmoniack_a or_o urine_n produce_v a_o real_a coldness_n this_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n be_v mix_v in_o the_o small_a cylindrical_a glass_n with_o spirit_n of_o blood_n moderate_o strong_a not_o only_o produce_v a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o store_n of_o bubble_n but_o a_o actual_a heat_n upon_o which_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a though_o both_o the_o liquor_n employ_v amount_v not_o to_o above_o two_o spoonful_n title_n viii_o of_o the_o dissolutive_a power_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o a_o good_a medicine_n for_o several_a disease_n but_o be_v also_o a_o good_a menstruum_fw-la will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n and_o first_o have_v pour_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n upon_o crude_a copper_n in_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n be_v tinge_v blueish_a which_o colour_n grow_v high_a and_o high_o till_o in_o some_o hour_n it_o be_v deep_o ceruleous_a and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o
spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la byliano_fw-it when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o it_o afford_v few_o and_o less_o bubble_n than_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o common_a water_n title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o hostility_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o acid_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o liquor_n or_o fume_n it_o exercise_v its_o hostility_n against_o more_o than_o one_o sort_n of_o acid_n spirit_n as_o spirit_z of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o not_o only_o against_o facitious_a but_o natural_a one_o as_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o which_o there_o present_o ensue_v a_o great_a commotion_n with_o noise_n but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o hostility_n evident_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o these_o liquor_n but_o also_o their_o effluvia_fw-la for_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n somewhat_o wide_o mouth_v and_o spirit_n of_o blood_n rectify_v into_o another_o when_o these_o liquor_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o another_o their_o invisible_a emanation_n join_v together_o will_v form_v a_o manifest_a smoke_n some_o pure_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v just_o satiate_v with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n we_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o superfluous_a moisture_n which_o be_v do_v we_o take_v the_o compound_a crystal_n which_o the_o mixture_n afford_v and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o slender_a and_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o then_o add_v to_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o as_o much_o distil_a water_n as_o make_v the_o mixture_n liquid_a enough_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n detain_v the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n ascend_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o nitre_n be_v mix_v together_o there_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n in_o which_o thick_a white_a fume_n rise_v plentiful_o and_o circulate_v in_o the_o vessel_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o a_o white_a stream_n until_o the_o fume_n cease_v to_o rise_v again_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n appear_v red_a be_v settle_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v so_o discolour_v by_o a_o fattish_a substance_n we_o put_v to_o it_o a_o little_a rain_n water_n and_o have_v by_o filtration_n separate_v the_o faeces_fw-la and_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o thus_o clarify_a liquor_n the_o saline_a part_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n but_o after_o a_o while_n seem_v yellow_a as_o if_o tinged_a with_o the_o oil_n n._n though_o on_o several_a occasion_n the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n appear_v oily_a yet_o i_o not_o long_o since_o dissolve_v another_o parcel_n of_o blood_n who_o liquor_n be_v clear_a and_o limpid_a a_o year_n after_o some_o of_o the_o before_o mention_v crystal_n be_v put_v upon_o well_o kindle_v charcoal_n present_o melt_v and_o burn_v away_o like_o salt-petre_n but_o the_o flame_n seem_v not_o so_o halituous_a and_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o blue_a but_o yellow_a and_o after_o the_o deflagration_n cease_v there_o remain_v upon_o the_o coal_n a_o lump_n of_o dirty_a colour_a matter_n which_o have_v scarce_o any_o taste_n nor_o be_v that_o little_a it_o have_v alkalious_a this_o brittle_a substance_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n become_v red_a hot_a without_o any_o sensible_a imminution_n and_o so_o it_o do_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n title_n xv._o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n outward_o apply_v since_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o acid_n substance_n except_o in_o the_o pancreatic_a juice_n of_o a_o sound_a person_n and_o since_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o blood_n do_v much_o resemble_v sea-salt_n whether_o its_o spirit_n be_v acid_n or_o no_o and_o since_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whether_o solid_a or_o liquid_a afford_v a_o liquor_n impregnate_v with_o store_n of_o volatile_a salt_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n in_o several_a disease_n even_o when_o external_o apply_v and_o that_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o assist_v several_a people_n in_o apoplexy_n epilepsy_n etc._n etc._n when_o apply_v to_o or_o put_v up_o the_o nostril_n it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o several_a learned_a and_o able_a physician_n and_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o prepare_v a_o volatile_a salt_n sublime_v from_o a_o compound_n salt_n obtain_v from_o spirit_n of_o blood_n satiate_v with_o nitre_n and_o for_o a_o like_a purpose_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o liquid_a form_n we_o mix_v two_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n with_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o pretty_a strong_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o spirit_n unaccompany_v with_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a taste_n and_o smell_v before_o rectification_n than_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n prepare_v another_o way_n have_v after_o rectification_n and_o have_v we_o make_v use_v of_o more_o lime_n i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v obtain_v a_o more_o pierce_a spirit_n since_o it_o will_v have_v retain_v more_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o find_v headache_n cure_v by_o the_o separate_a application_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n which_o be_v likewise_o good_a in_o hysterick_n and_o hypochondriacal_a case_n and_o in_o faint_a fit_n and_o if_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o make_v it_o too_o nauseous_a that_o may_v be_v correct_v according_a to_o the_o method_n already_o lay_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n be_v dissolve_v in_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n if_o that_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o will_v give_v it_o a_o very_a grateful_a and_o odoriferous_a smell_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o medicine_n make_v of_o amber_n have_v be_v find_v successful_a not_o only_o in_o convulsion_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v prove_v successful_a enough_o in_o disease_n both_o of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o this_o tincture_n may_v not_o inconvenient_o or_o unsuccessful_o be_v add_v to_o correct_v the_o odour_n and_o increase_v the_o virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o though_o oil_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o mix_v ready_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v shake_v together_o and_o left_a to_o settle_v at_o leisure_n though_o they_o settle_v in_o distinct_a mass_n yet_o the_o spirit_n will_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a extract_n a_o high_a and_o a_o yellow_a tincture_n little_a different_a from_o the_o oil_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n till_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o amber_n be_v predominant_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a use_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o oil_n in_o these_o mixture_n shall_v be_v too_o much_o predominant_a it_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v by_o run_v it_o through_o a_o tunnel_n who_o orifice_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v form_v so_o small_a and_o sharp_a as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o run_v off_o first_o which_o may_v when_o thus_o separate_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n and_o since_o if_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n be_v sufficient_o rectify_v there_o will_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o saline_n and_o urinous_a part_n be_v produce_v a_o kind_n of_o salt_n you_o may_v either_o pour_v the_o liquid_a part_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o then_o use_v they_o separate_v or_o else_o separate_v the_o salt_n by_o sublimation_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n thus_o separate_v will_v have_v a_o fragrant_a brisk_a and_o pierce_a odour_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o its_o scent_n but_o it_o may_v be_v good_a likewise_o when_o use_v as_o a_o fomentation_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v effectual_a in_o remove_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n and_o in_o the_o erisipelas_n and_o since_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o alkalizate_a nature_n it_o may_v be_v good_a to_o correct_v acidity_n it_o may_v be_v for_o that_o purpose_n make_v use_v of_o both_o by_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n inward_o use_v i_o have_v be_v
long_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o same_o peccant_a matter_n may_v produce_v several_a distemper_n as_o its_o effect_n be_v diversify_v partly_o by_o its_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n as_o well_o as_o more_o or_o less_o active_a quality_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o particular_a nature_n or_o structure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o part_n that_o it_o invade_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v favour_v by_o the_o frequent_a metastasis_n of_o morbific_a matter_n in_o several_a distemper_n since_o the_o same_o acid_n or_o sharp_a humour_n sometime_o occasion_v a_o colic_n sometime_o after_o that_o a_o palsy_n at_o other_o time_n a_o cough_n a_o flux_n of_o the_o belly_n a_o opthalmia_fw-la a_o violent_a headache_n convulsion_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o peccant_a humour_n fall_v upon_o this_o or_o that_o part_n upon_o which_o account_n one_o or_o two_o medicine_n may_v be_v able_a to_o cure_v several_a distemper_n especial_o if_o endue_v with_o any_o variety_n of_o active_a virtue_n and_o upon_o these_o ground_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v be_v a_o good_a remedy_n in_o several_a internal_a affection_n of_o the_o body_n and_o indeed_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o general_n have_v be_v so_o prosperous_o make_v use_n of_o in_o physic_n since_o the_o year_n 1656_o as_o to_o invite_v several_a physician_n to_o employ_v they_o instead_o of_o other_o medicine_n which_o clog_n and_o weaken_v the_o patient_n and_o want_v several_a advantageous_a quality_n which_o may_v be_v find_v in_o volatile_a alkaly_n and_o indeed_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n mortify_v acid_n salt_n which_o occasion_n several_a disease_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a resolvent_fw-la and_o fit_a to_o open_a obstruction_n which_o produce_v not_o a_o few_o disease_n it_o be_v also_o diaphoretic_n and_o diuretic_n and_o able_a to_o discharge_v several_a noxious_a salt_n and_o to_o expel_v several_a malignant_a and_o contagious_a particle_n of_o matter_n it_o resist_v putrefaction_n and_o coagulation_n and_o give_v a_o briskness_n and_o spirituousness_n to_o the_o blood_n which_o promote_v free_a circulation_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v a_o good_a cordial_n and_o a_o antidote_n against_o some_o poison_n it_o be_v very_o friendly_a to_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la and_o to_o cure_v its_o distemper_n and_o balsamic_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o asthams_n it_o neither_o cause_v great_a evacuation_n nor_o do_v it_o clog_v the_o stomach_n or_o be_v disadvantageous_a in_o any_o manifest_a quality_n and_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v very_o good_a in_o such_o case_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o helmont_n commend_v it_o in_o epilepsy_n which_o he_o say_v it_o will_v cure_v in_o adult_n person_n and_o i_o have_v know_v it_o cure_v a_o inveterate_a consumptive_a cough_n and_o a_o very_a bad_a headache_n which_o have_v a_o long_a time_n baffle_v very_o eminent_a physician_n but_o beside_o the_o virtue_n it_o have_v when_o simple_o use_v its_o virtue_n may_v be_v ennoble_v and_o diversify_v by_o a_o long_a digestion_n or_o frequent_a cohobation_n of_o the_o spirit_n with_o the_o oil_n salt_n or_o phlegm_n of_o the_o same_o concrete_a or_o by_o unite_n it_o with_o acid_n as_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o vinegar_n verdigrease_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n etc._n etc._n either_o use_v in_o a_o liquid_a form_n or_o when_o reduce_v by_o evaporation_n into_o crystal_n or_o the_o virtue_n of_o it_o may_v be_v ennoble_v by_o unite_n our_o spirit_n with_o metalline_a solution_n as_o of_o gold_n silver_n or_o mercury_n and_o with_o solution_n of_o minium_n make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o which_o liquor_n and_o a_o slow_a evaporation_n of_o they_o i_o have_v obtain_v fine_o shape_v crystal_n or_o again_o either_o by_o unite_n with_o it_o sulphur_n open_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o by_o dissolve_v in_o it_o metalline_a body_n as_o copper_n zinke_n and_o iron_n or_o by_o add_v about_o a_o double_a weight_n of_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n for_o these_o liquor_n be_v shake_v together_o will_v in_o a_o very_a great_a measure_n coagulate_v into_o a_o salt_n which_o will_v retain_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o quickness_n and_o penetrancy_n and_o why_o such_o salt_n as_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v efficacious_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n since_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o mixture_n though_o make_v with_o another_o urinous_a spirit_n have_v have_v extraordinary_a effect_n in_o fever_n nor_o be_v the_o liquor_n this_o salt_n leave_v behind_o useless_a in_o medicine_n when_o well_o dephlegm_v but_o this_o spirit_n may_v be_v render_v still_o more_o commodious_a if_o impregnate_v with_o essential_a oil_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v several_a oily_a volatile_a salt_n may_v be_v produce_v which_o may_v be_v useful_a in_o peculiar_a distemper_n as_o those_o oil_n respect_v this_o or_o that_o part_n in_o their_o medicinal_a virtue_n chap._n x._o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_a blood_n contain_v first_o particular_n referable_a to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o forego_n history_n experiment_n i._n have_v cause_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o dry_a blood_n to_o be_v careful_o distil_v the_o substance_n obtain_v from_o it_o be_v of_o volatile_a salt_n and_o spirit_n together_o five_o ounce_n the_o liquor_n pour_v off_o from_o the_o wet_a salt_n be_v thirteen_o drachm_n fifty_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o salt_n be_v three_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n and_o six_o grain_n of_o fetid_v oil_n there_o be_v two_o ounce_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n four_o ounce_n and_o two_o drachm_n so_o that_o about_o six_o drachm_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v consume_v in_o the_o operation_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v calcine_v yield_v but_o six_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ash_n the_o fix_a oleaginous_a part_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o accension_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o ash_n be_v red_a when_o cool_a though_o in_o the_o fire_n they_o appear_v white_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o oil_n be_v consume_v these_o ash_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o lixivium_n afford_v five_o scruple_n of_o white_a fix_a salt_n beside_o a_o little_a which_o get_v into_o the_o contiguous_a sand_n which_o be_v recover_v by_o water_n and_o reduce_v to_o a_o salt_n make_v a_o scruple_n more_o so_o that_o there_o remain_v for_o the_o terra_fw-la damnata_fw-la fourteen_o scruple_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v a_o good_a deal_n above_o twice_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o salt_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o pure_a fix_a salt_n be_v but_o between_o the_o fifty_o seven_o and_o fifty_o eight_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n and_o therefore_o probable_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o about_o the_o 170th_o part_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o the_o fix_a earth_n be_v to_o dry_a blood_n as_o about_o nineteen_o and_o about_o a_o half_a to_o one_o experiment_n ii_o a_o parcel_n of_o blood_n weigh_v ten_o ounce_n and_o seventy_o three_o grain_n be_v slow_o distil_v to_o dryness_n in_o a_o head_n and_o body_n on_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n afford_v of_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n seven_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n and_o forty_o seven_o grain_n and_o of_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n or_o dry_a substance_n two_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n this_o pulverable_a matter_n be_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n by_o degree_n of_o fire_n yield_v two_o drachm_n forty_o eight_o grain_n of_o oil_n the_o spirit_n be_v pour_v off_o the_o salt_n weigh_v but_o forty_o eight_o grain_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v wash_v out_o with_o the_o distil_a water_n we_o obtain_v thence_o by_o sublimation_n into_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o glass-egg_n one_o drachm_n five_o grain_n of_o dry_a salt_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n weigh_v six_o drachm_n twelve_o grain_n which_o be_v careful_o calcine_v yield_v two_o scruple_n and_o four_o grain_n of_o ash_n which_o be_v red_a and_o these_o be_v elixivate_v afford_v eighteen_o grain_n of_o salt_n beside_o the_o remain_a earth_n which_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n with_o a_o eye_n of_o purple_a particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o primary_n title_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_n blood_n experiment_n i._n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n put_v upon_o blood_n turn_v its_o red_a colour_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o dirty_a colour_n experiment_n ii_o juice_n of_o lemon_n pour_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o blood_n impair_v its_o florid_n colour_n experiment_n iii_o juice_n of_o orange_n change_v blood_n less_o than_o lemon_n experiment_n iu._n the_o black_a part_n of_o clot_a blood_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n present_o become_v of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o florid_n colour_n experiment_n v._n spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a drop_v upon_o black_a clot_a blood_n present_o render_v it_o florid_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n vi._n fix_a alkaly_n or_o lixiviate_v salt_n resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la turn_v it_o red_a but_o not_o so_o florid_n as_o the_o
urinous_a spirit_n experiment_n vii_o the_o juice_n of_o scurvy_a grass_n fresh_a draw_v incline_v the_o black_a surface_n of_o clot_a blood_n to_o redishness_n experiment_n viii_o blood_n be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o eight_o or_o four_o part_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n about_o three_o year_n be_v coagulate_v but_o neither_o stanke_z nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o least_o putrify_a experiment_n ix_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o concrete_v blood_n be_v leave_v three_o day_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v render_v moderate_o hard_a and_o friable_a throughout_o experiment_n x._o upon_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n will_v dissolve_v at_o least_o two_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_v it_o be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v twenty_o five_o grain_n more_o nor_o do_v any_o of_o this_o salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n upon_o its_o refrigeration_n experiment_n xi_o the_o aforementioned_a solution_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n to_o be_v draw_v off_o with_o a_o pretty_a quick_a heat_n we_o obtain_v a_o distil_a liquor_n that_o contain_v almost_o all_o the_o volatile_a salt_n except_o a_o little_a which_o escape_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o liquor_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o moderate_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o may_v give_v we_o a_o hint_n what_o proportion_n of_o a_o liquor_n to_o salt_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o spirit_n and_o one_o thing_n here_o may_v be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n viz._n that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v too_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n we_o perceive_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n though_o the_o crystal_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v be_v fine_a and_o clear_a and_o some_o of_o they_o large_a than_o spangle_n yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o stick_v together_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v the_o shape_n of_o particular_a grain_n nor_o whether_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n but_o divers_a of_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v flat_o thin_a plate_n with_o fine_a rectilinear_a angle_n so_o that_o we_o conjecture_v if_o the_o whole_a plate_n can_v have_v be_v see_v their_o broad_a surface_n will_v have_v be_v find_v hexagonal_a or_o of_o some_o polygone_a figure_n very_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o experiment_n xii_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o as_o much_o salt_n as_o can_v be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o expose_v to_o congeal_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n but_o the_o salt_n be_v neither_o congeal_v nor_o the_o water_n though_o afterward_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o will_v perhaps_o have_v freeze_v beer_n or_o ale_n or_o the_o weak_a sort_n of_o french_a wine_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o glaciation_n experiment_n xiii_o though_o sea-salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n render_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v yet_o be_v join_v with_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o external_o apply_v it_o conduce_v to_o the_o freeze_a of_o it_o wherefore_o we_o mix_v about_o a_o scruple_n of_o salt_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o ice_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o accordin_o we_o find_v that_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v freeze_v experiment_n fourteen_o some_o of_o the_o fibrous_a part_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a and_o shallow_a glass_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n it_o be_v light_o freeze_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n pretty_o figure_v with_o resemblance_n of_o comb_n with_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a coagulate_v in_o common_a water_n and_o not_o here_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o some_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v propose_v a_o couple_n of_o medicine_n to_o be_v prepare_v from_o it_o one_o of_o which_o may_v perhaps_o have_v no_o inconsiderable_a effect_n the_o first_o medicine_n i_o attempt_v to_o make_v be_v by_o put_v to_o salt_n of_o tartar_n oil_n of_o human_a blood_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o by_o stir_v they_o long_o together_o in_o the_o open_a air_n to_o make_v such_o a_o saponary_a concretion_n as_o matthew_n corector_n which_o be_v esteem_v and_o employ_v with_o good_a success_n by_o some_o london_n physician_n the_o other_o medicine_n i_o endeavour_v to_o make_v be_v by_o unite_n by_o long_a digestion_n the_o salt_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o a_o mixture_n which_o some_o chemist_n call_v a_o clyssus_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o history_n experiment_n i._n the_o blood_n of_o a_o young_a man_n when_o cool_a have_v its_o serum_n and_o fibrous_a part_n separately_z weigh_v the_o latter_a weigh_v about_o six_o ounce_n and_o the_o serous_a part_n not_o many_o drachm_n from_o that_o weight_n experiment_n ii_o the_o very_a ingenious_a mr._n hook_n and_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o freeze_a urine_n figure_n which_o much_o resemble_v comb_n or_o feather_n consider_v the_o affinity_n usual_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o serum_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o urine_n we_o expose_v some_o of_o it_o strain_v through_o a_o linen_n rag_n to_o separate_v the_o grumou_n part_n to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n several_a night_n consecutive_o and_o observe_v that_o be_v freeze_v there_o appear_v upon_o the_o ice_n contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n certain_a figure_n which_o do_v not_o ill_o resemble_v those_o of_o conglaciate_v urine_n experiment_n iii_o to_o try_v whether_o serum_n as_o well_o as_o urine_n may_v not_o as_o well_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o invisible_a ink_n we_o trace_v some_o character_n with_o it_o upon_o white_a paper_n and_o when_o they_o 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liquor_n which_o seem_v not_o very_o phlegmatic_a together_o with_o some_o oil_n the_o quantity_n of_o which_o be_v but_o small_a the_o rest_n be_v probable_o detain_v by_o the_o lime_n and_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o that_o little_a oil_n that_o come_v over_o sink_v in_o the_o spirit_n the_o rest_n swim_v upon_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v set_v in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o small_a head_n and_o body_n to_o rectify_v with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n the_o receiver_n be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n remove_v and_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o first_o spirit_n that_o come_v over_o be_v not_o near_o so_o fetid_v as_o that_o which_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v distil_v per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v in_o the_o succeed_a portion_n the_o oil_n be_v detain_v behind_o by_o the_o quicklime_n the_o rectify_a spirit_n be_v clear_a and_o colourless_a and_o have_v a_o taste_n much_o strong_a than_o its_o smell_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o it_o make_v i_o think_v some_o 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believe_v that_o there_o be_v such_o by_o the_o common_a observation_n of_o a_o great_a many_o learned_a man_n and_o able_a physician_n and_o to_o favour_v this_o common_a observation_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o substance_n which_o have_v peculiar_a effect_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o no_o manifest_a quality_n i_o shall_v urge_v the_o effect_n of_o poison_n take_v in_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a quantity_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o something_o that_o fall_v from_o a_o spider_n into_o a_o man_n eye_n cause_v he_o to_o lose_v his_o sight_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o spider_n be_v observe_v to_o kill_v fly_n much_o soon_o than_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n or_o run_v they_o through_o with_o pin_n will_v do_v it_o to_o which_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v that_o most_o poison_n be_v cure_v by_o appropriate_v antidote_n and_o as_o perfume_n cause_v ill_a symtom_n in_o many_o histerick_n woman_n so_o the_o fume_n of_o feather_n burn_v relieve_v they_o and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o the_o smell_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n or_o salarmoniack_a have_v recover_v people_n make_v sick_a by_o fragrant_a odour_n but_o beyond_o all_o other_o argument_n be_v experience_n for_o galen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ash_n of_o a_o burn_a craw-fish_n will_v cure_v the_o bite_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n and_o that_o their_o effect_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a if_o to_o ten_o part_n of_o burn_a craw-fish_n we_o add_v five_o of_o gentian_n and_o one_o of_o frankincense_n and_o diascorides_n commend_v they_o against_o the_o same_o disease_n that_o the_o pergamenian_a do_v and_o though_o the_o sting_n of_o scorpion_n usual_o produce_v very_o acute_a pain_n and_o formidable_a symtom_n yet_o the_o mischief_n be_v easy_o remedy_v either_o by_o crush_a the_o body_n of_o the_o scorpion_n upon_o the_o hurt_a or_o by_o anoint_v the_o part_n with_o oil_n of_o scorpion_n though_o the_o liquor_n appear_v not_o to_o have_v any_o sensible_a quality_n to_o which_o their_o efficacy_n may_v be_v ascribe_v and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o may_v add_v that_o verginian_a snake-weed_n cure_v the_o sting_n of_o a_o rattle_n snake_n and_o the_o jesuit_n powder_n be_v a_o specific_a in_o ague_n and_o though_o it_o be_v argue_v against_o the_o virtue_n of_o specific_a medicine_n that_o they_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o other_o strainer_n of_o different_a texture_n and_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o excrement_n or_o be_v assimilate_v and_o convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o body_n yet_o to_o these_o thing_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o not_o only_a ointment_n plaster_n periapta_n etc._n etc._n work_n upon_o the_o mass_n of_o humour_n but_o even_o those_o medicine_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o work_v by_o manifest_a quality_n perform_v what_o they_o do_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o particle_n alterer_v and_o different_o dispose_v the_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n and_o in_o do_v of_o that_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o objection_n offer_v against_o specific_a medicine_n beside_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o rhubarb_n will_v thing_fw-mi the_o urine_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o considerable_a do_v and_o there_o be_v a_o fruit_n call_v prickle_a pear_n in_o the_o english_a american_n colonies_n which_o pass_v by_o urine_n so_o much_o unaltered_a that_o the_o people_n think_v when_o stranger_n to_o it_o that_o they_o piss_v blood_n and_o elaterium_n so_o much_o impregnate_v the_o milk_n of_o a_o nurse_n that_o it_o will_v purge_v the_o child_n that_o take_v it_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o savoy_n and_o switzerland_n when_o the_o cattle_n feed_v on_o a_o herb_n call_v wild_a garlic_n the_o butter_n will_v sensible_o taste_v of_o it_o and_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o seafowl_n which_o feed_v upon_o fish_n which_o be_v so_o little_o alter_v as_o to_o make_v some_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v flesh_n or_o fish_n and_o though_o it_o be_v further_o urge_v against_o specific_a medicine_n that_o so_o little_a be_v disperse_v through_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n that_o it_o can_v have_v no_o considerable_a effect_n yet_o their_o efficacy_n may_v answer_v for_o their_o smallness_n in_o quantity_n for_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o negro_n have_v a_o poison_n which_o though_o it_o work_v slow_a be_v nevertheless_o mortal_a and_o this_o they_o conceal_v under_o the_o nail_n of_o their_o finger_n and_o drop_v into_o the_o aliment_n of_o those_o they_o have_v spite_n to_o and_o i_o know_v a_o vegetable_a substance_n half_o a_o grain_n of_o which_o will_v be_v too_o violent_a a_o purgative_n and_o sometime_o mortal_a and_o though_o english_a viper_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o no_o poison_n yet_o by_o the_o wound_n of_o a_o single_a tooth_n i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v take_v with_o violent_a vomit_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o terrible_a effect_n of_o scorpion_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n and_o we_o see_v that_o several_a woman_n otherwise_o strong_a and_o lusty_a will_v fall_v into_o swoon_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n or_o civet_n though_o all_o the_o effluvia_fw-la that_o affect_v they_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o by_o effluvia_fw-la perhaps_o not_o more_o plentiful_a these_o symptom_n may_v be_v again_o remove_v and_o the_o portion_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la in_o wine_n or_o of_o quicksilver_n in_o water_n though_o small_a have_v very_o considerable_a effect_n so_o that_o when_o a_o child_n who_o obstinate_o refuse_v all_o medicine_n drink_v small_a beer_n impregnate_v with_o mercury_n he_o be_v much_o relieve_v in_o a_o violent_a worm_n fever_n proposition_n that_o their_o operation_n may_v be_v mechanical_o solve_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o specific_a medicine_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v mechanical_o explicate_v but_o first_o i_o shall_v premise_v that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v the_o body_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o dull_a lump_n of_o matter_n but_o as_o a_o admirable_o contrive_v mechanical_a engine_n consist_v of_o part_n exquisite_o contrive_v and_o adapt_v to_o their_o particular_a uses_n and_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o body_n upon_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o disposition_n of_o their_o part_n this_o be_v premise_v there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o think_v that_o all_o specific_v act_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o the_o same_o way_n and_o sometime_o the_o specific_a may_v operate_v by_o a_o joint_n and_o in_o a_o compound_n way_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n prop._n i._o i._n prop._n i._n sometime_o the_o specific_a medicine_n may_v cure_v by_o discuss_v or_o resolve_v the_o morbific_a matter_n and_o thereby_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o expulsion_n by_o the_o great_a common_a shore_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n thus_o the_o blood_n impregnate_v with_o medicinal_a particle_n may_v act_v upon_o gross_a humour_n which_o obstruct_v the_o part_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resolve_v without_o specific_a solvent_n which_o by_o their_o figure_n and_o agitation_n may_v get_v in_o betwixt_o and_o separate_v those_o viscous_a part_n so_o blood_n impregnate_v with_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v copper_n not_o by_o manifest_a quality_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o shape_n bulk_n solidity_n and_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o its_o part_n which_o concur_v to_o enable_v it_o to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a texture_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o menstruum_n very_o different_a from_o one_o another_o but_o their_o effect_n evident_o appear_v not_o to_o depend_v upon_o manifest_a quality_n since_o it_o several_a time_n happen_v that_o a_o menstruum_fw-la less_o acid_n may_v dissolve_v this_o or_o that_o body_n which_o a_o much_o strong_a menstruum_fw-la will_v not_o work_v upon_o so_o water_n will_v dissolve_v the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v coagulate_v and_o so_o will_v spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n itself_o and_o thus_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v more_o ready_o dissolve_v file_n of_o copper_n than_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o the_o latter_a will_v speedy_o dissolve_v crab_n eye_n though_o the_o other_o leave_v they_o untouched_a so_o quicksilver_n will_v dissolve_v gold_n in_o the_o cold_a though_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la assist_v by_o heat_n leave_v it_o untouched_a yet_o aqua_n fortis_fw-la will_v dissolve_v iron_n and_o quicksilver_n will_v not_o and_o brimstone_n will_v be_v dissolve_v by_o common_a oil_n though_o not_o by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o i_o know_v a_o liquor_n of_o which_o one_o may_v safe_o drink_v a_o wine_n
compress_v air_n contribute_v to_o the_o prolong_n of_o life_n experiment_n vii_o june_n 13._o 77._o i_o enclose_v 4_o fly_n in_o a_o receiver_n receiver_n fly_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 60_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 3_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air._n july_n 14._o in_o the_o morning_n they_o be_v all_o well_o in_o the_o afternoon_n 2_o of_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a about_o 5_o all_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a but_o one_o and_o the_o 3_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v alive_a july_n 15._o in_o the_o morning_n those_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v dead_a but_o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v take_v out_o fly_v speedy_o away_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o die_v rather_o for_o want_v of_o nourishment_n than_o air_n since_o that_o which_o survive_v in_o the_o compress_v air_n and_o have_v the_o body_n of_o the_o other_o to_o feed_v upon_o be_v not_o distemper_v experiment_n viii_o june_n 15._o eight_o fly_n be_v include_v in_o two_o distinct_a receiver_n receiver_n fly_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n in_o one_o compress_v more_o than_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n june_n 16._o two_o in_o the_o common_a air_n and_o one_o in_o the_o compress_v be_v dead_a in_o the_o morning_n in_o the_o afternoon_n all_o in_o the_o common_a air_n seem_v dead_a june_n 17._o all_o except_o one_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a from_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o compression_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n affect_v fly_n very_o little_a except_o there_o be_v almost_o a_o complete_a vacuum_n experiment_n ix_o june_n 18._o two_o frog_n be_v enclose_v in_o two_o receiver_n receiver_n frog_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n shut_v up_o by_o the_o help_n of_o screw_n the_o one_o with_o common_a air_n and_o the_o other_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o as_o much_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 70_o digit_n june_n 19_o no_o alteration_n be_v perceive_v june_n 20._o the_o frog_n be_v alive_a and_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o be_v increase_v june_n 21._o in_o the_o evening_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v dead_a june_n 23._o in_o the_o morning_n that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a whether_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o latter_a contribute_v to_o prolong_v its_o life_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o further_a observation_n experiment_n x._o june_n 18._o 77._o receiver_n orange_n convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n two_o half_n of_o a_o orange_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n with_o screw_n so_o much_o air_n be_v add_v to_o the_o one_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n june_n 22._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v mouldy_a and_o at_o 3_o a_o clock_n afternoon_n the_o other_o have_v contract_v a_o mucor_fw-mi june_n 23._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v more_o mucid_a than_o the_o other_o june_n 24._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v all_o over_o mouldy_a june_n 28._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n have_v lose_v its_o mouldiness_n the_o other_o be_v unaltered_a june_n 30._o be_v take_v out_o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v half_o rot_v the_o other_o whole_o putrify_v and_o mucid_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a so_o be_v the_o body_n contain_v more_o mucid_a the_o mouldiness_n in_o the_o compress_v increase_v more_o intense_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o so_o soon_o experiment_n xi_o june_n 29._o 77._o receiver_n rose_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n two_o receiver_n stop_v with_o screw_n contain_v rose_n so_o much_o air_n be_v squeeze_v into_o one_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n july_n 14._o the_o rose_n in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v alter_v but_o the_o other_o begin_v to_o wither_v and_o look_v yellow_a about_o 4_o day_n ago_o july_n 17._o be_v take_v out_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v much_o corrupt_v and_o of_o a_o ungrateful_a smell_n the_o other_o have_v undergo_v very_o little_a alteration_n from_o hence_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o corruption_n depend_v on_o the_o quantity_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o july_n 4._o a_o limon_n be_v divide_v and_o shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n with_o screw_n so_o much_o air_n be_v add_v to_o one_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n july_n 7._o both_o piece_n seem_v to_o acquire_v a_o mouldiness_n at_o the_o same_o time_n july_n 17._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v much_o more_o hoary_a and_o putrid_a than_o the_o other_o this_o experiment_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v what_o be_v infer_v in_o the_o forego_n but_o also_o that_o a_o triple_a compression_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o limon_n be_v too_o weak_a sensible_o to_o retard_v the_o production_n of_o mouldiness_n or_o finew_n experiment_n xiii_o july_n 18._o 77._o receiver_n gillyflower_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n one_o parcel_n of_o gillyflower_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n and_o a_o equal_a parcel_n in_o another_o with_o as_o much_o compress_v air_n as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 100_o digit_n above_o its_o wont_a pressure_n july_n 23._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o mouldiness_n but_o the_o other_o be_v only_a moist_a the_o air_n be_v subside_v 30_o inch_n july_n 25._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v more_o compress_v than_o the_o other_o and_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n july_n 26._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v whole_o putrify_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o hoary_a finew_n the_o other_o be_v only_a moist_a in_o some_o place_n august_n 1_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v take_v out_o be_v rot_v and_o stink_v the_o other_o be_v moist_a retain_v their_o colour_n and_o smell_v not_o at_o all_o offensive_a this_o experiment_n confirm_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n do_v increase_v corruption_n and_o also_o that_o mouldiness_n be_v not_o produce_v but_o in_o compress_v air._n experiment_n fourteen_o july_n 21._o 77._o air._n a_o shrew_n mouse_n in_o common_a air._n to_o try_v whether_o a_o shrew-mouse_n will_v consume_v or_o produce_v air_n i_o shut_v it_o up_o in_o a_o recipient_a with_o common_a air._n after_o 2_o hour_n some_o be_v consume_v but_o the_o mouse_n die_v july_n 24._o towards_o evening_n the_o mercury_n seem_v a_o little_a high_o july_n 25._o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v produce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la july_n 26._o it_o increase_v considerable_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o live_a animal_n consume_v and_o dead_a one_o produce_v air._n experiment_n xv._o august_n 31._o receiver_n pear_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v into_o a_o receiver_n which_o contain_v pear_n as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 30_o digit_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n sept._n 1._o the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v sept._n 2._o it_o sink_v to_o 25_o inch_n sept._n 3._o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 26._o sept_n 4._o it_o be_v 28_o digit_n high_a sept._n 8._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v 5_o of_o the_o pear_n have_v lose_v their_o firmness_n but_o 2_o retain_v august_n 31._o the_o same_o sort_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air._n sept._n 1._o the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o little_a i_o suppose_v by_o the_o cold._n sept._n 2._o it_o be_v not_o change_v sept._n 3._o it_o be_v raise_v a_o digit_fw-la sept._n 4_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 4_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 6_o ¾_n sept._n 6_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n sept._n 7_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 12_o sept._n 8_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o be_v take_v out_o they_o retain_v their_o taste_n and_o firmness_n much_o better_a than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 31._o the_o same_o sort_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la so_o much_o external_n air_n break_v in_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n a_o inch._n sept._n 1_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 4_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 8_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 12_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 16_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 19_o sept._n 6_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 23_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 27_o sept._n 8_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 30_o be_v take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o taste_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n but_o reserve_v their_o firmness_n from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a the_o less_o air_n be_v produce_v experiment_n xvi_o decemb._n 7._o bird._n a_o small_a bird._n a_o small_a bird_n
be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 20_o ounce_n of_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v ill_a before_o i_o have_v set_v the_o screw_n but_o as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o digit_n she_o seem_v to_o recover_v but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n she_o begin_v to_o be_v ill_o again_o yet_o so_o much_o air_n be_v thrust_v in_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 45_o digit_n she_o recover_v a_o second_o time_n but_o some_o time_n after_o she_o begin_v to_o gasp_v again_o nevertheless_o 28_o minute_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v she_o get_v out_o and_o be_v very_o well_o experiment_n vii_o jan._n 20._o 1678._o wind-gun_n a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o a_o wind-gun_n a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o my_o wind-gun_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o condense_v that_o it_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o upon_o a_o discharge_v of_o that_o air_n the_o elliptic_a hole_n be_v open_v the_o mouse_n be_v take_v out_o dead_a another_o mouse_n be_v put_v in_o and_o the_o air_n compress_v to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o its_o space_n it_o be_v take_v out_o well_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o air_n 7_o or_o 8_o time_n condense_v by_o which_o the_o mouse_n seem_v not_o the_o least_o prejudice_v the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o air_n be_v 7_o time_n compress_v when_o the_o mouse_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o 24_o minute_n upon_o a_o discharge_v of_o the_o air_n after_o repeat_v groan_n die_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o compress_v air_n be_v noxious_a yea_o mortiferous_a experiment_n xviii_o jan._n 28._o 78._o air._n a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o compress_v air._n i_o put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o a_o glass_n to_o who_o neck_n i_o tie_v a_o bladder_n stop_v the_o orifice_n which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o mouse_n begin_v to_o be_v sick_a by_o press_v new_a air_n into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bladder_n be_v straighten_a and_o though_o new_a air_n can_v not_o penetrate_v into_o the_o mouse_n yet_o the_o air_n it_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o be_v compress_v it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o be_v take_v out_o in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v another_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o it_o can_v scarce_o breathe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v its_o respiration_n seem_v abate_v upon_o which_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o mouse_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o can_v not_o breath_n much_o more_o free_o yet_o when_o air_n be_v blow_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o seem_v relieve_v but_o be_v again_o shut_v up_o with_o compress_v air_n it_o breathe_v less_o frequent_o and_o die_v march_n 25._o a_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o instrument_n before_o describe_v when_o i_o perceive_v the_o mouse_n sick_a i_o intrude_v water_n into_o the_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v reduce_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o upon_o which_o the_o mouse_n breathe_v more_o rare_o but_o the_o air_n be_v successive_o compress_v and_o leave_v to_o its_o liberty_n again_o the_o sick_a mouse_n seem_v to_o breathe_v more_o lively_a in_o the_o common_a air_n than_o in_o the_o compress_v whence_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o air_n be_v to_o animal_n as_o food_n which_o ought_v to_o bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o animal_n in_o confirmation_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shut_v up_o a_o mouse_n in_o my_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o rarify_v the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o it_o possess_v three_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o upon_o which_o the_o mouse_n seem_v better_a but_o present_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a yet_o undergo_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n upon_o a_o intromission_n of_o air_n the_o like_a success_n happen_v three_o time_n successive_o though_o at_o the_o last_o the_o mouse_n die_v article_n v._o the_o effect_n of_o artificial_a air_n upon_o animal_n experiment_n i._n may_v 5._o 77._o a_o bee_n air._n a_o bee_n in_o artificial_a air._n together_o with_o distil_a vinegar_n and_o powder_n of_o coral_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n i_o so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaustod_a the_o coral_n fall_v into_o the_o vinegar_n but_o the_o air_n produce_v have_v no_o effect_n on_o the_o bee_n yet_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o begin_v to_o move_v whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o animal_n to_o live_v in_o experiment_n ii_o august_n 12._o 76._o two_o fly_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n air._n fly_n in_o artificial_a air._n with_o as_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o goosberry_n as_o sustain_v 26_o inch_n of_o mercury_n and_o two_o other_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la add_v common_a air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 23_o digit_n of_o mercury_n upon_o which_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o latter_a begin_v to_o fly_v but_o those_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n lie_v without_o motion_n aug._n 13._o those_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n seem_v dead_a the_o other_o be_v well_o nor_o do_v the_o former_a recover_v though_o expose_v to_o common_a air_n a_o whole_a day_n aug._n 18._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n this_o experiment_n be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o artificial_a air_n be_v noxious_a to_o respiration_n experiment_n iii_o june_n 22._o 77._o paste_n be_v contain_v in_o 3_o exhaust_a receiver_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o 3_o receiver_n june_n 23._o into_o one_o i_o put_v a_o perfume_a cone_n kindle_v which_o be_v extinguish_v in_o a_o minute_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v stop_v yet_o in_o common_a air_n it_o burn_v bright_a for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v stop_v another_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o fly_n i_o observe_v that_o though_o when_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o artificial_a air_n for_o some_o time_n it_o seem_v dead_a till_o revive_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n yet_o another_o shut_v up_o in_o common_a air_n receive_v no_o damage_n the_o like_a success_n follow_v when_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n save_v that_o the_o fee_fw-mi be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o artificial_a air_n be_v something_o long_o before_o she_o recover_v from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o fire_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n experiment_n iu._n jun._n 25._o 77._o have_v enclose_v paste_n in_o four_o receiver_n two_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o two_o but_o half_o evacuate_v june_n 26._o those_o which_o be_v half_o full_a of_o common_a air_n be_v fill_v with_o artificial_a i_o put_v two_o fly_n into_o one_o of_o they_o which_o be_v deprive_v of_o motion_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n a_o three_o and_o then_o a_o four_o successive_o be_v put_v in_o they_o continue_v to_o live_v long_o yet_o after_o some_o convulsion_n lay_v unmoved_a and_o supine_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o common_a air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o come_v to_o themselves_o those_o fly_n that_o be_v put_v into_o receiver_n which_o only_o contain_v common_a air_n be_v well_o soon_o june_n 27._o one_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v whole_o exhaust_v of_o common_a air_n be_v casual_o throw_v down_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o external_a air_n a_o frog_n be_v be_v put_v in_o be_v not_o much_o disaffect_v june_n 30._o the_o four_o receiver_n be_v force_v away_o from_o its_o cover_n i_o put_v a_o frog_n into_o it_o which_o after_o five_o minute_n high_a convulsion_n lay_v without_o motion_n four_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n continue_v so_o 46_o minute_n but_o in_o five_o minute_n more_o grow_v very_o well_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o artificial_a air_n be_v mix_v with_o common_a air_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o prejadicial_a to_o animal_n experiment_n v._n june_n 28._o i_o enclose_v paste_n in_o four_o receiver_n air._n a_o frog_n in_o artificiab_n air._n 3_o of_o which_o be_v whole_o exhaust_v of_o common_a air_n but_o the_o four_o be_v leave_v half_a full_a june_n 29._o one_o of_o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o artificial_a air_n and_o a_o frog_n put_v into_o it_o after_o it_o have_v be_v violent_o convulsive_a for_o 4_o or_o 5_o minute_n and_o lay_v void_a of_o motion_n for_o about_o a_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n in_o about_o 5_o minute_n begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v well_o again_o in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o frog_n be_v put_v into_o another_o receiver_n with_o artificial_a air_n be_v convulsive_a for_o about_o 7_o minute_n and_o
not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v 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