Water A New Soveraign of equal Weight in the Air to the piece in Brass over-weigheth in the Water 9 Grains In three Soveraigns the difference in the Water is but 24 Grains The same Soveraign overweigheth an equal weight of Lead 4 Grains in the Water in Brass Grains for Gold In three Soveraigns about 11 Grains The same Soveraign overweigheth an equal weight of Stones in the Air at least 65 Grains in the Water The Grains being for the weight of Gold in Brass Metal A Glass filled with Water weighing in Troy Weights 13 ounces and 5 drams the Glass and the Water together weigheth severally viz. The Water 9 ounces and a half and the Glass 4 ounces and a dram A Bladder weighing 2 ounces 7 drams and a half a Pebble layed upon the top of the Bladder makes 3 ounces 6 drams and a half the Stone weigheth 7 drams The Bladder as above blown and the same fallen weigheth equal A Spunge dry weigheth 1 ounce First Time 26 grains The same Spunge being wet weigheth 14 ounces 6 drams and 3 quarters the Water weigheth in several 11 ounces one dram and a half and the Spunge 3 ounces and a half and 3 quarters of a dram The Spunge and Water together weigh 15 ounces Second Time and 7 drams in several the Water weigheth 11 ounces and 7 drams and the Spunge 3 ounces 7 drams and a half Three Soveraigns made equal to a weight in Silver in the Air differeth in the Water For false Weights one Beam long the other thick The Stick and Thread weigh half a dram and 20 grains being laid in the Ballance The Stick tied to reach within half an inch of the end of the Beam and so much from the Tongue weigheth 28 grains the difference is 22 grains The same Stick being tied to hang over the end of the Beam an inch and a half weigheth half a dram and 24 grains exceeding the weight of the said Stick in the Ballance by 4 grains The same Stick being hanged down beneath the Thread as near the Tongue as is possible weigheth only 8 grains Two weights of Gold being made equal in the Air and weighing severally 7 drams the one Ballance being put into the Water and the other hanging in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 5 drams and 3 grains and abateth of the weight in the Air 1 dram and a half and 27 grains The same trial being made the second time and more truly and exactly betwixt Gold and Gold weighing severally as above and making a just and equal weight in the Air the one Ballance being put into the Water the depth of five inches and the other hanging in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 4 drams and 55 grains and abateth of the weight in the Air 2 drams and 5 grains The trial being made betwixt Lead and Lead weighing severally 7 drams in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 4 drams and 41 grains and abateth of the weight in the Air 2 drams and 19 grains the Ballance kept the same depth in the Water as abovesaid The trial being made betwixt Silver and Silver weighing severally 7 drams in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 4 drams and 25 grains So it abateth 2 drams and 35 grains the same depth in the Water observed In Iron and Iron weighing severally each Ballance in the Air 7 drams the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 4 drams and 18 grains and abateth of the weight in the Air 2 drams and 42 grains the depth observe as above In Stone and Stone the same weight of 7 drams equally in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 2 drams and 22 grains and abateth of the weight in the Air 4 drams and 38 grains the depth as above In Brass and Brass the same weight of 7 drams in each Ballance equal in the Air the Ballance in the Water weigheth only 4 drams and 22 grains and abateth in the Water 2 drams and 38 grains the depth observed The two Ballances being weighed in Air and Water the Ballance in the Air overweigheth the other in the Water one dram and 28 grains the depth in the Water as aforesaid It is a profitable Experiment which sheweth the weights of several Bodies in comparison with Water It is of use in lading of Ships and other Bottoms and may help to shew what Burthen in the several kinds they will bear Certain sudden Thoughts of the Lord Bacon's set down by him under the Title of Experiments for Profit MUck of Leaves Muck of River Earth and Chalk Muck of Earth closed both for Salt-Peter and Muck. Setting of Wheat and Pease Mending of Crops by steeping of Seeds Making Pease Cherries and Strawberries come early Strengthening of Earth for often returns of Radishes Parsnips Turnips c. Making great Roots of Onions Radishes and other Esculent roots Sowing of Seeds of Trefoil Setting of Woad Setting of Tobacco and taking away the 〈◊〉 Grafting upon Boughs of old Trees Making of a hasty Coppice Planting of Osiers in wet Grounds Making of Candles to last long Building of Chimneys Furnaces and Ovens to give Heat with less Wood. Fixing of Log-Wood Other means to make Yellow and Green fixed Conserving of Orenges Limons Citrons Pomgranats c. all Summer Recovering of Pearl Coral Turchoise Colour by a Conservatory of Snow Sowing of Fennel Brewing with Hay Haws Trefoil Broom Heps Bramble-Berries Woodbines wild Thime instead of Hops Thistles Multiplying and Dressing Artichokes Certain Experiments of the Lord Bacon's about the Commixture of Liquors only not Solids without Heat or Agitation but only by simple Composition and Settling SPirit of Wine mingled with common Water although it be much lighter than Oyl yet so as if the first fall be broken by means of a Sop or otherwise it stayeth above and if it be once mingled it severeth not again as Oyl doth Tried with Water coloured with Saffron Spirit of Wine mingled with common Water hath a kind of clouding and motion shewing no ready Commixture Tried with Saffron A dram of Gold dissolved in Aqua Regis with a dram of Copper in Aqua forti commixed gave a Green Colour but no visible motion in the parts Note That the dissolution of the Gold was twelve parts Water to one part Body And of the Copper was six parts Water to one part Body Oyl of Almonds commixed with Spirit of Wine severeth and the Spirit of Wine remaineth on the top and the Oyl in the bottom Gold dissolved commixed with Spirit of Wine a dram of each doth commix and no other apparent alteration Quick-silver dissolved with Gold dissolved a dram of each doth turn to a mouldy Liquor black and like Smith's water Note The dissolution of the Gold was twelve parts Water ut supra and one part Metal That of Water was two parts and one part Metal Spirit of Wine and Quick-silver commixed a dram of each at the first shewed a white
The Right Hon ble S r Francis Bacon Baron of Verulam Viscount of S t Albans L d High Chancellor of England BACONIANA Or Certain Genuine REMAINS OF S R. Francis Bacon Baron of VERULAM AND Viscount of St. ALBANS In Arguments Civil and Moral Natural Medical Theological and Bibliographical Now the First time faithfully Published An ACCOUNT of these Remains and of all his Lordship 's other Works is given by the Publisher in a Discourse by way of INTRODUCTION LONDON Printed by I. D. for Richard Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1679. A TABLE OF THE Contents Baconiana Politico-moralia Under this Head are Contained 1. SIR Francis Bacon 's Charge against Frances Countess of Somerset about poysoning of Sir Tho. Overbury p. 3. 2. His Charge against Robert Earl of Somerset touching the same matter p. 14. 3. His Letter to the Vniversity of Cambridg when he was sworn Privy-Counsellor In Latine p. 37. In English p. 39. 4. His Letter to King James touching the Chancellor's Place p. 41. 5. His Letter to King James for the Relief of his Estate p. 45. 6. His Remaining Apothegms p. 53. 7. A Supply of his Ornamenta Rationalia or Judicious Sentences 1. Out of the Mimi of Publius in Latine and English p. 60. 2. Out of his own Writings p. 65. Baconiana Physiologica Containing I. A Fragment of his Abecedarium Naturae in Latine p. 77. and English p. 84. II. His Inquisition touching the Compounding of Metals p. 92. III. His Articles of Questions touching Minerals 1. Concerning the Incorporation and Union of Metals p. 104. 2. Dr. Meveril's Answers to them p. 110. 3. Concerning the Separation of Metals and Minerals p. 114. 4. Dr. Meverel's Answers to them p. 116. 5. Concerning the Variation of Metals and Minerals p. 118. 6. Dr. Meverel's Answers p. 123. 7. Concerning the Restitution of Metals p. 127. 8. Dr. Meverel's Answer p. 128. IV. The Lord Bacon's Inquisition concerning the Versions Transmutations Multiplications and Effections of Bodies p. 129. V. His Speech about the Recovery of Drown'd Mineral Works p. 131. VI. His Experiments about Weight in Air and Water p. 134. VII His Experiments for Profit p. 138. VIII His Experiments about the Commixâ—ure of Liquors by Simple Composition only p. 140. IX A Catalogue of Bodies Attractive and not Attractive with Observations upon them in Latine p. 145. in English p. 149. Baconiana Medica Under this Head are Contained 1. His Paper about Prolongation of Life called by him Grains of Youth p. 155. 2. A Catalogue of Astringents Openers and Cordials instrumental to long Life p. 161. 3. An Extract by his Lordship out of his Book of the Prolongation of Life for his own use p. 167. 4. His Medical Receipts against the Stone c. p. 171. Baconiana Theologica Under this Head are Contained 1. His Questions of the Lawfulness of a War for the Propagation of Religion p. 179. 2. Two Prayers of his one called the Students the other the Writers Prayer p. 181 182. Baconiana Bibliographica Under this Head are Contained I. Papers written by Himself relating to his Books As 1. His Letter to the Queen of Bohemia to whom he sent his Book of a War with Spain p. 187. 2. A Letter of the Lord Bacon's to the Vniversity of Cambridg upon his sending to them his Book De Augm. Scient in Latine p. 189 in English p. 190. 3. His Letter to the same Vniversity upon his sending to them his Novum Organum in Latin p. 191. in Engl. p. 192. 4. His Letter to Trinity College in Cambridg upon his sending to them his Book of the Advancement of Learning in Latine p. 193. in English p. 194. 5. His Letter to the Bishop of Lincoln about his Speeches c. p. 195. 6. His Letter to Father Fulgentio about all his Writings in English p. 196. 7. To Marquess Fiat about his Essays in French p. 201. in English p. 202. 8. Part of his last Testament concerning his Writings p. 203. II. Papers written by others relating to his Books and Life As 1. A Letter to him from the Vniversity of Oxford in Latine p. 204. in English p. 206. upon his having sent to them his Book De Augmentis Scientiarum 2. A Letter from Dr. Maynwaring to Dr. Rawley about the Lord Bacon's Confession of Faith p. 209. 3. A Letter from Dr. Rawley to Mounsieur Aelius Deodate in Latine p. 214. in English p. 215. concerning his publishing the Lord Bacon's Works 4. Mounsieur Deodate's Answer in Latine p. 217. and English p. 219. 5. Mr. Isaac Gruter's Three Letters to Dr. Rawley in Latine p. 221 231 238. in English p. 225 234 240. concerning the Lord Bacon's Works 6. An Account of the Life and Writings of the Lord Bacon by Sir W. Dugdale together with Insertions by the Publisher p. 242. 7. A Character of the Lord Bacon by Dr. Heylin p. 263. 8. A Character by Dr. Sprat p. 264. 9. A Character of his Philosophy by Mr. Cowley p. 267. Liber cui Titulus Baconiana c. IMPRIMATUR Ex Aedibus Lambethanis Nov. 20. 1678. Geo. Thorp Rev mo in C. P. D. Dom. Gulielmo Archiep. Cant. a Sacris Domesticis ERRATA In the Introduction PAge 6. Line 24. Read Sprang P. 11. l. 12. r. Site l. 28. for that r. the. P. 13. Margent l. 2. for with r. inter P. 15. l. 26. for to r. and. P. 16 l. 9. for to r. for P. 24. l. 18. r. â—nlarged l. 25. for were r. wear P. 27. l. 23. for his r. this P. 40. l. 9. for precious r considerable P. 43. l. 29. r. compare them P. 57. l. 13. for of r. the. P. 59. l. 16. for Edward 3d. r. Edit 3d. P. 60. l. 8. put a period after publish'd P. 62. l. 19. r. Methodical P. 71. l. 24. r. though they In the Book P. 20. l. 11. blot out but. P. 33. l. 4. for in r. is P. 37. l. 23. r. relictum P. 61. l. 21. blot out even P. 79. l. 24. blot out Add. P. 83. l. 12. r. vellâ—cationes P. 85. l. 21. for Impossibility r. in Possibility P. 89. l. 20. for interspect r. intersperse P. 95. l. 19. r. it will P. 119. l. 2. r. Arborescents P. 125. l. 18. r. fittest P. 132. l. 26 27. for the whole Intellects r. your noble Intellects P. 135. l. 29. r. differ P. 139. l. 11. r. rawns P. 146. l. 7. for hewed r. â—eaved P. 148. l. 10. r. ipsam P. 149. l. 10. for Sheaves r. Shivers P. 16. 2 l. 9. r. mullein P. 165. l. 13. r. Cupparus P. 167. l. 2. r. Puls P. 168. l 28. for with juyce r. which I use P. 189. l. 16. r. legitimè P. 192. l. 15. r. it is P. 199. l. 19 20. r. prodromi P. â—01 l. 4. for file r. filz l. 9. for non r. mon. l. 23. for ex r. et P. 208. l. 9. blot out c. P. 215. l. 3. r. generosissime Domine l. 4. r. addictissimus P.
the Water and see whether it will gather a Crust about it After the Questions of his Lordship about Minerals and the Answers of Dr. Meverel there follows in the Fourth Place an Inquisition concerning the Versions Transmutations Multiplications and Effections of Bodies not hitherto publish'd in the English Tongue in which his Lordship wrote it x See D. R's Translation among the Opuscula Fifthly There is annexed a certain Speech touching the recovery of Drowned Mineral Works prepared as Mr. Bushel saith for that Parliament under which he fell His Lordship no doubt had such a Project and he might prepare a Speech also for the Facilitating of it But that this is a true Copy of that Speech I dare not avouch His Lordship's Speeches were wont to be digested into more Method his Periods were more round his Words more choice his Allusions more frequent and manag'd with more decorum And as no Man had greater command of Words for the illustration of Matter than his Lordship so here he had Matter which refus'd not to be cloth'd in the best Words The Sixth Paper about Natural Things containeth certain Experiments about weight in Air and Water The Seventh containeth a few Proposals to the Country-Man called Experiments for Profit The Eighth Experiments about the Commixture of Liquors The Ninth a Catalogue of Bodies Attractive and not Attractive with Experimental Observations about them Under the Third Head of Medical Remains is contain'd in the First place a Paper which he called Grains of Youth In it he prescribeth divers things as means to keep up the Body in its Vigour Amongst these is the Receipt of the Methusalem Water against the Driness of Age which his Lordship valued and used Next follows a Catalogue of Astringents Openers and Cordials Instrumental to Health Then comes in the Third place an Extract by his Lordship for his own use out of the History of Life and Death together with some new Advices in order to Health Last of all there are added Four Medical Receipts The First is his Lordship's Broth and Fomentation against the Stone which I judg'd acceptable to the Public seeing his Receipt against the Gout had been so though it worketh not an Infallible Cure And here it may seem strange that his Lordship does not mention Spirit of Nitre which he so often used and which a very ingenious Experimenter y Dr. Grew in his Exper. of the Luâ—â—â—tion arising from Affus of Menstruums upon all sorts of Bodies p. 10â— hath noted to be the best of Acids against the Stone The Second is the Receipt of an Oyntment called by his Lordship Vnguentum Fragrans sive Romanum By this he meaneth an Unguent which consisteth of Astringents preventing excess of Transpiration and Cordials comforting the Parts And he called it I suppose the Roman Vnguent because that People did eminently make use of Baths and Anointings He himself held that the anointing with Oyl was one of the most potent Operations to long Life z Hist. of Life Death of the Oper. upon Exclusion of Air. â— 21. P. 37. and that it conduced to Health both in Winter by the exclusion of the cold Air and in Summer by detaining the Spirits within and prohibiting the resolution of them and keeping of the force of the Air which is then most predatory Yet it was his Lordship's opinon that it was best to anoint without Bathing though he thought Bathing without Anointing bad The Third and Fourth are Receipts to comfort the Stomach One of them he calleth a Secret and I suppose it might be communicated to him by Sir Henry Wotton For Sir Henry speaks of his preparation of a certain Wood a In Reliqu Wotton P. 473. as of a rare Receipt to Coroborate the Viscera and to keep the Stomack in Tono Under the Fourth Head of Theological Remains are contain'd only a few Questions about the lawfulness of a Holy War and two Prayers one for a Philosophical Student the other for a Writer The substance of these two Prayers is extant in Latine in the Organon b Nov. Organum p. 19. ad Calc partis primae and Scripta c Scripta Philos. P. 451. and after the Title-Page Under the Fifth Head of Bibliographical Remains are contained some of his Lordship 's own Papers concerning his Works and likewise some Letters and Discourses of others upon the same Subject together with a few interspersed Remarks concerning his Life His Lordship's Papers are these Six The First is a Letter to Elizabeth the Sister of King Charles the Martyr and Wife to Frederic Prince Palatine of the Rhine a Princess who found so many Thorns in the Crown of Bohemia She pleased to write to his Lordship and he return'd Answer and sent along with it as a Present his Discourse of a War with Spain though neither came to her Hands till after his Lordship's Death The Second is a Letter to the Vniversity of Cambridg when he sent them his Book of the Advancement of Learning The Third is a Letter to the same University upon his sending to them his Novum Organum This he wrote in a loose sheet of paper the former in one of the spare leaves at the beginning of the Book The Fourth is a Letter to Trinity College in Cambridg of which Society he had been a Member upon his sending thither the aforesaid Book De Augmentis Scientiarum The Fifth is a Letter to the Bishop of Lincoln in which I note the goodness of his Lordship's Nature whilst he still maintaineth his Friendship with him though he had succeeded him in his place of Lord-Keeper For Envy hates every one that sits in that Chair from whence it self is fallen The Sixth is a Letter to Father Fulgentio a Divine if I mistake not of the Republic of Venice and the same who wrote the Life of his Colleague the excellent Father Paul The Seventh is a Letter to the Marquess Fiat then Embassadour from France soon after the Marriage betwixt his late Majesty and Henrietta Maria in the knitting of which he had been employ'd This Marquess was the Person who impatient of seeing so Learned a Man was admitted to his Lordship when he was very ill and confin'd to his Bed and who saluted him with this high Compliment Your Lordship hath been to me hitherto like the Angels of which I have often heard and read but never saw them before To which piece of Courtship he return'd such answer as became a Man in those Circumstances Sir the Charity of others does liken me to an Angel but my own Infirmities tell me I am a Man The Eighth is a Transcript out of his Lordship's Will concerning his Writings There in particular manner he commendeth to the Press the Felicities of Queen Elizabeth This I noted before and observe it here again as an Argument of the Impartiality of his Lordship's Judgment and Affection He was zealous in bearing testimony to the wise Administration of the Public Affairs
all the Metals incorporate with Vitriol all with Iron poudered all with Flint c. Some few of these would be inquired of to disclose the nature of the rest Whether Metals or other Fossiles will incorporate with molten Glass and what Body it makes The quantity in the mixture would be well considered for some small quantity perhaps will incorporate as in the Allays of Gold and Silver Coin Upon the Compound Body three things are chiefly to be observed The Colour the Fragility or Pliantness the Volatility or Fixation compared with the simple Bodies For present use or profit this is the Rule Consider the price of the two simple Bodies consider again the dignity of the one above the other in use then see if you can make a Compound that will save more in price than it will lose in dignity of the use As for Example Consider the price of Brass-Ordnance consider again the price of Iron-Ordnance and then consider wherein the Brass-Ordnance doth excel the Iron-Ordnance in Use Then if you can make a Compound of Brass and Iron that will be near as good in use and much cheaper in price then there is profit both to the Private and the Common-wealth So of Gold and Silver the price is double of twelve The dignity of Gold above Silver is not much the splendor is a like and more pleasing to some Eyes as in Cloth of Silver silvered Rapiers c. The main dignity is That Gold bears the Fire which Silver doth not but that is an excellency in Nature but it is nothing at all in use for any dignity in use I know none but that silvering will fully and canker more than gilding which if it might be corrected with a little mixture of Gold there is profit And I do somewhat marvel that the latter Ages have lost the Ancient Electrum which was a mixture of Silver with Gold whereof I conceive there may be much use both in Coin Plate and Gilding It is to be noted That there is in the version of Metals impossibility or at least great difficulty as in making of Gold Silver Copper On the other side in the adulterating or counterfeiting of Metals there is deceit and villany But it should seem there is a middle way and that is by new Compounds if the ways of incorporating were well known What Incorporation or Inbibition Metals will receive from Vegetables without being dissolved in their Substance As when the Armorers make their Steel more tough and pliant by aspersion of Water or Juice of Herbs when Gold being grown somewhat churlish by recovering is made more pliant by throwing in shreds of tanned Leather or any Leather oiled Note That in these and the like shews of Inbibition it were good to try by the Weights whether the weight be increased or no for if it be not it is to be doubted that there is no inbibition of Substance but only that the application of that other Body doth dispose and invite the Metal to another posture of parts than of it self it would have taken After the Incorporation of Metals by simple Colliquefaction for the better discovery of the Nature and Consents and Dissents of Metals it would be likewise tried by incorporating of their Dissolutions There is to be observed in those Dissolutions which will not easily incorporate what the Effects are As the Bullition the Precipitation to the bottom the Ejaculation towards the top the Suspension in the midst and the like Note That the dissents of the Menstrual or strong Waters may hinder the incorporation as well as the dissents of the Metals themselves Therefore where the Menstrua are the same and yet the Incorporation followeth not you may conclude the Dissent is in the Metals but where the Menstrua are several not so certain Dr. Meverell's Answers to the Lord Bacon's Questions concerniug the Compounding Incorporating or Union of Metals and Minerals GOld will incorporate with Silver in any proportion Plin. lib. 33. cap. 4. Omni Auro inest Argentum vario pondere alibi denâ alibi nonâ alibi octavâ parte ubicunque quinta Argenti portio invenitur Electrum vocatur The Body remains fixt solid and coloured according to the proportion of the two Metals Gold with Quicksilver easily mixeth but the product is imperfectly fixed and so are all other Metals incorporate with Mercury Gold incorporates with Lead in any proportion Gold incorporates with Copper in any proportion the common Allay Gold incorporates with Brass in any proportion And what is said of Copper is true of Brass in the union of other Metals Gold will not incorporate with Iron Gold incorporates with Tin the ancient Allay Isa. 1. 25. What was said of Gold and Quicksilver may be said of Quicksilver and the rest of Metals Silver with Lead in any proportion Silver incorporates with Copper Pliny mentions such a mixture for triumphales Statuae lib. 33. ix miscentur Argento tertia pars aeris Cyprii tenuissimi quod coronarium vocant Sulphuris vivi quantum Argenti The same is true of Brass Silver incorporates not with Iron Wherefore I wonder at that which Pliny hath lib. 33. ix Miscuit denario Triumvir Antonius ferrum And what is said of this is true in the rest for Iron incorporateth with none of them Silver mixes with Tin Lead incorporates with Copper Such a mixture was the Pot-Metal whereof Pliny speaks lib. 34. ix Ternis aut quaternis libris plumbi Argentarii in centenas aeris additis Lead incorporates with Tin The mixture of these two in equal proportions is that which was anciently called Ptumbum Argentarium Plin. 34. xvii Copper incorporates with Tin Of such a mixture were the Mirrors of the Romans Plin. atque ut omnia de speculis peragantur hoc loco optima apud Majores erant Brundisâ—na stanno aere mistis lib. 83. ix Compounded Metals now in use 1. Fine Tin The mixture is thus Pure Tin a 1000 pound temper 50 pound Glass of Tin 3 pound 2. Course Pewter is made of fine Tin and Lead Temper is thus made The dross of pure Tin four pound and a half Copper half a pound 3. Brass is made of Copper and Calaminaris 4. Bell-Metal Copper 1000 pound Tin from 300 to 200 pound Brass 150 pound 5. Pot-Metal Copper and Lead 6. White Alkimie is made of Pan-Brass 1 pound and Arsenicum 3 ounces 7. Red Alkimie is made of Copper and Auripigmen There be divers imperfect Minerals which will incorporate with the Metals Being indeed Metals inwardly but clothed with Earths and Stones As Pyritis Calaminaris Mysi Chalcyti Sory Vitriolum Metals incorporate not with Glass except they be brought into the form of Glass Metals dissolved The dissolution of Gold and Silver disagree so that in their mixture there is great Ebullition Darkness and in the end a precipitation of a black Pouder The mixture of Gold and Mercurie agree Gold agrees with Iron In a word the dissolution of Mercury and Iron agree with
the Process or Motion of the Dissolution the manner of rising boyling vapouring more violent or more gentle causing much heat or less Item the Quantity or Charge that the strong Water will bear and then give over Item the Colour into which the Liquor will turn Above all it is to be enquired whether there be any Menstruum to dissolve any Metal that is not Fretting or Corroding and openeth the Body by Sympathie and not by Mordacity or violent Penetration For Sprouting or Branching though it be a thing but transitory and a kind of Toy or Pleasure yet there is a more serious use of it for that it discovereth the delicate Motions of Spirits when they put forth and cannot get forth like unto that which is in Vegetables For Induration or Mollification It is to be enquired what will make Metals harder and harder and what will make them softer and softer And this enquiry tendeth to two ends First for Use As to make Iron soft by the Fire makes it Malleable Secondly Because Induration is a degree towards Fixation and Mollification towards Volatility and therefore the Enquiry of them will give light towards the other For Tough and Brittle they are much of the same kind but yet worthy of an Enquiry apart especially to joyn Hardness with Toughness as making Glass malleable c. and making Blâ—des strong to resist and pierce and yet not easie to break For Volatility and Fixation It is a Principal Branch to be enquired The utmost degree of Fixation is that whereon no Fire will work nor strong Water joyned with Fire if there be any such Fixation possible The next is when Fire simply will not work without strong Waters The next is by the Test. The next is when it will indure Fire not blown or such a strength of Fire The next is when it will not indure but yet is malleable The next is when it is not malleable but yet is not fluent but stupified So of Volatility the utmost degree is when it will flie away without returning The next is when it will flie up but with ease return The next is when it will flie upwards over the Helm by a kind of Exufflation without Vapouring The next is when it will melt though not rise The next is when it will soften though not melt Of all these diligent Enquiry is to be made in several Metals especially of the more extreme degrees For Transmutation or Version If it be real and true it is the furthest part of Art and would be well distinguished from Extraction from Restitution and from Adulteration I hear much of turning Iron into Copper I hear also of the growth of Lead in weight which cannot be without a Conversion of some body into Lead but whatsoever is of this kind and well expressed is diligently to be inquired and set down Doctor Meverel's Answers to the Lord Bacon's Questions concerning the Variation of Metals and Minerals 1. FOr Tinctures there are none that I know but that rich variety which springs from mixture of Metals with Metals or imperfect Minerals 2. The imperfect Metals are subject to rust all of them except Mercury which is made into Vermilion by Solution or Calcination The rest are rusted by any salt sowr or acid Water Lead into a white body called Cerussa Iron into a pale red called Ferrugo Copper is turned into green named Aerugo Aes Viride Tin into white But this is not in use neither hath it obtained a name The Scriptures mention the rust of Gold but that 's in regard of the Allay 3. Calcination All Metals may be calcined by strong Waters or by admixtion of Salt Sulphur and Mercury The imperfect Metals may be Calcined by continuance of simple Fire Iron thus calcined is called Crocus Martis And this is their best way Gold and Silver are best calcined by Mercury Their Colour is Gray Lead calcined is very Red. Copper duskie Red. 4. Metals are sublimed by joyning them with Mercury or Salts As Silver with Mercury Gold with Sal Armoniac Mercury with Vitriol 5. Precipitation is when any Metal being dissolved into a strong Water is beaten down into a Powder by salt Water The chiefest in this kind is Oyl of Tartar 6. Amalgamation is the joyning or mixing of Mercury with any other of the Metals The manner is this in Gold the rest are answerable Take six parts of Mercury make them hot in a Crusible and pour them to one part of Gold made red-hot in another Crusible stir these well together that they may incorporate which done cast the Mass into cold Water and wash it This is called the Amalgama of Gold 7. For Vitrification All the imperfect Metals may be turned by strong Fire into Glass except Mercury Iron into Green Lead into Yellow Brass into Blew Tin into pale Yellow For Gold and Silver I have not known them Vitrified except joyned with Antimony These Glassie bodies may be reduced into the form of Mineral bodies 8. Dissolution All Metals without exception may be dissolved 1. Iron may be dissolved by any tart â—alt or vitriolated Water yea by common Water if it be first calcined with Sulphur It dissolves in Aqua forti with great ebullition and heat into ared Liquor so red as Blood 2. Lead is fittiest dissolved in Vinegar into a pale Yellow making the Vinegar very sweet 3. Tin is best dissolved with distilled Salt-water It retains the colour of the Menstruum 4. Copper dissolves as Iron doth in the same Liquor into a Blew 5. Silver hath his proper Menstruum which is Aqua fortis The colour is Green with great heat and ebullition 6. Gold is dissolved with Aqua Regia into a yellow Liquor with little heat or ebullition 7. Mercury is dissolved with much heat and boyling into the same Liquors which Gold and Silver are It alters not the colour of the Menstruum Note Strong Waters may be charged with half their weight of fixed Metals and equal of Mercury if the Workman be skilful 9. Sprouting This is an accident of dissolution For if the Menstruum be overcharged then within short time the Metals will shoot into certain Crystals 10. For Induration or Mollification they depend upon the quantity of fixed Mercury and Sulphur I have observed little of them neither of Toughness nor Bitterness 11. The degrees of Fixation and Volatility I acknowledg except the two utmost which never were observed 12. The Question of Transmutation is very doubtful Wherefore I refer your Honour to the fourth Tome of Theatrum Chymicum and there to that Tract which is entituled Disquisitio Heliana where you shall find full satisfaction The Lord Bacon's Inquiries concerning Metals and Minerals The fourth Letter of the Cross-Row touching Restitution FIrst Therefore it is to be inquired in the Negative what Bodies will never return either by their extreme Fixings as in some Vitrifications or by extreme Volatility It is also to be inquired of the two means of Reduction and first by
Milky substance at the top but soon after mingled Oyl of Vitriol commixed with Oyl of Cloves a dram of each turneth into a red dark Colour and a substance thick almost like Pitch And upon the first motion gathereth an extream Heat not to be endured by touch Dissolution of Gold and Oyl of Vitriol commixed a dram of each gathereth a great Heat at the first and darkneth the Gold and maketh a thick Yellow Spirit of Wine and Oyl of Vitriol a dram of each hardly mingle the Oyl of Vitrriol going to the bottom and the Spirit of Wine lying above in a Milky substance It gathereth also a great Heat and a sweetness in the Taste Oyl of Vitriol and dissolution of Quicksilver a dram of each maketh an extream strife and casteth up a very gross fume and after casteth down a white kind of Curds or Sands and on the top a slimish substance and gathereth a great Heat Oyl of Sulphur and Oyl of Cloves commixed a dram of each turn into a thick and red-coloured substance but no such Heat as appeared in the Commixture with the Oyl of Vitriol Oyl of Petroleum and Spirit of Wine a dram of each intermingle otherwise than by Agitation as Wine and Water do and the Petroleum remaineth on the top Oyl of Vitriol and Petroleum a dram of each turn into a mouldy Substance and gathereth some warmth there residing a black cloud in the bottom and a monstrous thick Oyl on the top Spirit of Wine and Red-wine Vinegar one ounce of each at the first fall one of them remaineth above but by Agitation they mingle Oyl of Vitriol and Oyl of Almonds one ounce of each mingle not but the Oyl of Almonds remaineth above Spirit of Wine and Vinegar an ounce of each commixed do mingle without any apparent separation which might be in respect of the Colour Dissolution of Iron and Oyl of Vitriol a dram of each do first put a Milky substance into the bottom and after incorporate into a mouldy Substance Spirit of Wine commixed with Milk a third part Spirit of Wine and two parts Milk coagulateth little but mingleth and the Spirit swims not above Milk and Oyl of Almonds mingled in equal portions do hardly incorporate but the Oyl cometh above the Milk being poured in last and the Milk appeareth in some drops or bubbles Milk one ounce Oyl of Vitriol a scruple doth coagulate the Milk at the bottom where the Vitriol goeth Dissolution of Gum Tragacanth and Oyl of Sweet Almonds do not commingle the Oyl remaining on the top till they be stirred and make the Muselates somewhat more liquid Dissolution of Gum Tragacanth one ounce and a half with half an ounce of Spirit of Wine being commixed by Agitation make the Muselates more thick The White of an Egg with Spirit of Wine doth bake the Egg into Clots as if it began to Poch One ounce of Blood one ounce of Milk do easily incorporate Spirit of Wine doth curdle the Blood One ounce of Whey unclarified one ounce of Oyl of Vitriol make no apparent alteration One ounce of Blood one ounce of Oyl of Almonds incorporate not but the Oyl swims above Three quarters of an ounce of Wax being dissolved upon the Fire and one ounce of Oyl of Almonds put together and stirred do not so incorporate but that when it is cold the Wax gathereth and swims upon the top of the Oyl One ounce of Oyl of Almonds cast into an ounce of Sugar seething sever presently the Sugar shooting towards the bottom A Catalogue of Bodies Attractive and not Attractive made by the Lord Bacon together with Experimental Observations about Attraction These following Bodies Draw AMber Ieat Diamond Saphire Carbuncle Iris the Gem. Opale Amethist Bristollina Crystal Clear Glass Glass of Antimony divers Flowers from Mines Sulphur Mastick hard sealing Wax the harder Rosin Arsenic These following Bodies do not Draw Smaragd Achates Corneolus Pearl Iaspis Chalcedononius Alablaster Porphyrie Coral Marble Touch-Stone Haematites or Blood-stone Sinyris Ivory Bones Eben-Tree Cedar Cypress Pitch softer Rosin Camphire Galbanum Ammoniac Storax Benjoin Load-stone * The drawing of Iron excepted Asphaltum These Bodies Gold Silver Brass Iron draw not though never so finely polished In Winter if the Air be sharp and clear Sal Gemmeum Rock Alum and Lapis Specularis will draw These following Bodies are apt to be Drawn if the Mass of them be small Chaff Woods Leaves Stones all Metals 〈◊〉 and in the Mine Earth Water Oyl Si fiat versorium ex Metello aliquo more Indicis Magnetici fini alteri apponatur succinum lenitèr fricatum versorium convertit se. Succinum calefactum ab Igne sive tepeat sive ferveat sive inâ—lammetur non trahit Bacillum ferreum candens Flamma Candela ardens Carbo ignitus admota festucis aut versoriis non trahunt Succinum in majore mole si fuerit politum allicit licèt non fricatum si in minore aut impurius sine frictione non trahit Crystallus Lapis Specularis Vitrum Electrica cetera si urantur aut torreantur non trahunt Pix Resina mollior Benjoin Asphaltum Camphora Galbanum Ammoniacum Storax Assa. Haec coelo calidiore neutiquam prorsus trahunt at tempore frigidiore obscurè infâ—rmè trahunt Vapidus Aer succino c. afflatus vel ab ore vel ab Aere humidiore virtutem trahendi suffocat Si charta aut linteum interponatur inter succinum paleam non fit motus aut Attractio Succinum aut Electrica calefacta ex Radiis Solis non expergefiunt ad trahendum sicut ex Frictione Succinum fricatum Radiis Solis expositum diutius vires trahendi retinet nec tam citò eas deponit ac si in umbra positum esset Fervor ex speculo comburente succino c. conciliatus non juvat ad trahendum Sulphur accensum Cera dura inflammata non trahunt Succinum cum citissimè à frictione festucae vel versorio apponitur optimè trahit Virtus Electrica viget in retentione ad tempus non minus quam in Attractione primâ Flamma apposito succino intra orbem Activitatis non trahitur Gutta Aquae admoto succino trahitur in Conum Electrica si durius affricentur impeditur Attractio Quae aegrè alliciunt in claro coelo in crasso non movent Aqua imposita succino virtutem trahendi suffocat licet ipsum Aquam trahat Sarca ità succino circundatum ut tangat attractione tollit sed interpositum ut non tangat non omnino tollit Oleum succino appositum motum non impedit nec succinum digito oleo madefacto fricatum vires trahendi perdit Firmius provocant diutius retinent Succinum Gagates hujusmodi etiam minore cum frictione Adamas Crystallum Vitrum diutius teri debent ut manifestò incalescant antequà m trahant Quae Flammae approximant licèt propinquâ distantiâ à succino non trahuntur Fumum extincta lucerna succinum c.
trahit Fumus ubi exit crassus est fortius trahit succinum cum ascenderit rarior fit debilius Corpus ab Electricis attractum non manifestò alteratur set tantùm incumbit The same in English by the Publisher IF there be made a Turn-Pin of any Metal after the fashion of a Magnetic Needle and Amber be applied to one end of it after having been gently rubbed the Pin will turn Amber heated by the Fire be it warmish hot or set on fire it does not draw A little Bar of Iron red hot Flame a lighted Candle a hot Coal put nigh Sheaâ—â—s or Straws or Turn-Pins or Compass-Needles do not draw Amber in a greater Mass if it be Polite draws though not rubbed In a lesser quantity and in a less polite Mass it draws not without rubbing Crystal Lapis Specularis Glass and other such Electric Bodies if burnt or scorch'd draw not Pitch the softer Rosin Benjoin Asphaltum Camphire Galbanum Ammoniac Storax Assa these draw not at all when the Air is hot But when it is cooler they draw weakly and so that we can just perceive them to do so Reaking Air blown upon Amber c. from the Mouth or from a moister Atmosphere choaketh the attractive Virtue If a Paper or a piece of Linnen be put between Amber and Chaff there is no Motion or Attraction made Amber or other Electrics warmed by the Sun-beams have not their attractive Virtue so awakened as by Rubbing Amber rubb'd and exposed to the Beams of the Sun retains its attractive force the longer and does not so soon lose it as it would do in the shadow Heat deriv'd from a Burning-Glass to Amber c. does not help its Attraction Sulphur and hard Wax set on fire do not draw Amber when immediately after rubbing it is applied to a Shiver or a Compass-Needle draws best of all The Electric Virtue is as vigorous for a time in its Retention as it was in its first Attraction Flame Amber being put within the sphere of its Activity is not drawn by it A drop of Water Amber being applied towards it is drawn into a Cone If Electric Bodies be rubbed too hard their attraction is thereby hindred Those Bodies which in a clear Skie do scarce draw in a thick Air move not at all Water put upon Amber choaketh its attractive force though it draweth the Water it self Fat * For by Sarca I suppose he meaneth Sarcia so encompassing Amber that it toucheth it takes away its attraction but being so put betwixt it and the Object to be drawn as not to touch it it doth not take it away Oyl put upon Amber hinders not its motion Neither doth Amber rubb'd with the Finger moistned with Oyl lose its attractive Virtue Amber Ieats and the like do more strongly excite and longer retain the Objects they draw although the rubbing be but little But Diamonds Crystal Glass ought to be rubb'd longer that they may appear hot ere they be used for attraction Flames nigh to Amber though the distance be very small are not drawn by it Amber c. draw the smoke of a Lamp newly extinguish'd Amber draws Smoke more strongly when it comes forth and is more gross and more weakly when it ascends and becomes thinner A Body drawn by Electric Bodies is not manifestly alter'd but only leans it self upon them Baconiana Medica OR REMAINS OF Sir Francis Bacon Baron of Verulam and Viscount St. Albans Touching Medical Matters LONDON Printed for R. C. at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard 1679. THE Lord Bacon's Medical Remains A Medical Paper of the Lord Bacon's to which he gave the Title of Grains of Youth Grains of Youth TAke of Nitre 4 grains of Amber-Grease 3 grains of Orris-pouder 2 grains of white Poppy-Seed the fourth part of a grain of Saffron half a grain with Water of Orenge Flowers and a little Tragacanth make them into small grains four in number To be taken at four a Clock or going to Bed Preserving Oyntments Take of Deers-suet 1 ounce of Myrrh 6 grains of Saffron 5 grains of Bay-salt 12 grains of Canary-Wine of two Years old a Spoonful and a half Spread it on the inside of your Shirt and let it dry and then put it on A Purge familiar for opening the Liver Take Rubarb 2 drams Agaric Trochiscat 1 dram and a half steep them in Claret Wine burnt with Mace Take of Wormwood 1 dram steep it with the rest and make a mass of Pills with Syrup Acetos simplex But drink an opening Broth before it with Succory Fennel and Smallage Roots and a little of an Onion Wine for the Spirits Take Gold perfectly refined 3 ounces quench it six or seven times in good Claret Wine Add of Nitre 6 grains for two Draughts Add of Saffron prepared 3 grains of Amber-grease 4 grains pass it through an Hippocras Bag wherein there is a dram of Cinamon gross beaten or to avoid the dimming of the Colour of Ginger Take two Spoonfuls of this to a Draught of fresh Claret Wine The Preparing of Saffron Take 6 grains of Saffron sleept in half parts of Wine and Rose-water and a quarter part Vinegar then dry it in the Sun Wine against Adverse Melancholy preserving the Senses and the Reason Take the Roots of Bugloss well scraped and cleansed from their inner Pith and cut them into small slices steep them in Wine of Gold extinguished ut suprà and add of Nitre 3 grains and drink it ut suprà mixed with fresh Wine The Roots must not continue steeped above a quarter of an Hour and they must be changed thrice Breakfast-Preservative against the Gout and Rheumes To take once in the Month at least and for two Days together one grain of Castorei in my ordinary Broth. The Preparation of Garlick Take Garlick 4 ounces boyl it upon a soft Fire in Claret Wine for half an Hour Take it out and steep it in Vinegar whereto add 2 drams of Cloves then take it forth and keep it in a Glass for use The Artificial Preparation of Damask-Roses for Smell Take Roses pull their Leaves then dry them in a clear Day in the hot Sun then their smell will be as gone Then cram them into an Earthen Bottle very dry and sweet and stop it very close they will remain in Smell and Colour both fresher than those that are otherwise dried Note The first drying and close keeping upon it preventeth all Putrefaction and the second Spirit cometh forth made of the remaining Moisture not dissipated Sometimes to add to the Maceration 3 grains of Tartar and 2 of Enula to cut the more heavy and viscous Humours lest Rubarb work only upon the lightest To take sometimes the Oxymel before it and sometimes the Spanish Hony simple A Restorative Drink Take of Indian Maiz half a pound grind it not too small but to the fineness of ordinary Meal and then bolt and serce it that all the husky part may be taken away
Clocks small Chains c. because the Stuff is not like to be tough enough For the better use in comparison of Iron it is like the Stuff will be far lighter for the weight of Iron to Flint is double and a third part and secondly it is like to rust not so easily but to be more clean The ways of tryal are two First By the Iron and Stone of themselves wherein it must be inquired What are the Stones that do easiliest melt Secondly With an Additament wherein Brimstone is approved to help to the melting of Iron or Steel But then it must be considered Whether the Charge of the Additament will not destroy the Profit It must be known also what proportion of the Stone the Iron will receive to incorporate well with it and that with once melting for if either the proportion be too small or that it cannot be received but peece-meal by several meltings the Work cannot be of value To make proof of the incorporating of Iron and Brass For the cheapness of the Iron in comparison of the Brass if the Uses may be served doth promise Profit The Doubt will be touching their incorporating for that it is approved that Iron will not incorporate neither with Brass nor other Metals of it self by simple fire So as the inquiry must be upon the Calcination and the Additament and the charge of them The Vses will be for such things as are now made of Brass and might be as well served by the compound Stuff wherein the Doubts will be chiefly of the toughness and of the beauty First Therefore if Brass Ordinance could be made of the compound Stuff in respect of the cheapness of the Iron it would be of great use The Vantage which Brass Ordinance hath over Iron is chiefly as I suppose because it will hold the blow though it be driven far thinner than the Iron can be whereby it saveth both in the quantity of the Material and in the charge and commodity of mounting carriage in regard by reason of the thinness it beareth much less weight there may be also somewhat in being not so easily overheated Secondly For the Beauty those things wherein the beauty or luster are esteemed are Andirons and all manner of Images and Statues and Columns and Tombs and the like So as the doubt will be double for the Beauty the one whether the colour will please so well because it will not be so like Gold as Brass the other whether it will pollish so well Wherein for the latter it is probable it will for Steel glosses are more resplendant than the like Plates of Brass would be and so is the glittering of a Blade And besides I take it Andiron Brass which they call White Brass hath some mixture of Tin to help the luster And for the Golden Colour it may be by some small mixture of Orpiment such as they use to Brass in the Yellow Alchymy will easily recover that which the Iron loseth Of this the Eye must be the Judg upon proof made But now for Pans Pots Curfues Counters and the like the beauty will not be so much respected so as the compound Stuff is like to pass For the better use of the compound Stuff it will be sweeter and cleaner than Brass alone which yieldeth a smell or soilness and therefore may be better for the Vessels of the Kitchen and Brewing It will also be harder than Brass where hardness may be required For the tryal the Doubts will be two First The over-weight of Brass towards Iron which will make Iron float on the top in the melting This perhaps will be holpen with the Calaminar Stone which consenteth so well with Brass and as I take it is lighter than Iron The other Doubt will be the stiffness and driness of Iron to melt which must be holpen either by moistning the Iron or opening it For the first Perhaps some mixture of Lead will help Which is as much more liquid than Brass as Iron is less liquid The opening may be holpen by some mixture of Sulphur so as the trials would be with Brass Iron Calaminar Stone and Sulphur and then again with the same composition and an addition of some Lead and in all this the Charge must be considered whether it eat not out the Profit of the cheapness of Iron There be two Proofs to be made of incorporation of Metals for magnificence and delicacy The one for the Eye and the other for the Ear. Statua Metal and Bell Metal and Trumpet Metal and String Metal in all these though the mixture of Brass or Copper should be dearer than the Brass it self yet the pleasure will advance the price to profit First Therefore for Statua-Metal see Pliny's Mixtures which are almost forgotten and consider the charge Try likewise the mixture of Tin in large proportion with Copper and observe the Colour and Beauty it beinâ— polished But chiefly let proof be made of the incorporating of Copper or Brass with Glass-Metal for that is cheap and is like to add a great glory and shining For Bell-Metal First It is to be known what is the Composition which is now in use Secondly It is probable that it is the driness of the Metal that doth help the clearness of the sound and the moistness that dulleth it and therefore the Mixtures that are probable are Steel Tin Glass-Metal For String-Metal or Trumpet-Metal it is the same reason save that Glass-Metal may not be used because it will make it too brittle and trial may be made with mixture of Silver it being but a delicacy with Iron or Brass To make proof of the Incorporation of Silver and Tin in equal quantity or with two parts Silver and one part Tin and to observe whether it be of equal beauty and luster with pure Silver and also whether it yield no soiliness more than Silver And again whether it will indure the ordinary Fire which belongeth to Chafing-dishes Posnets and such other Silver Vessels And if it do not endure the Fire yet whether by some mixture of Iron it may not be made more fixt For if it be in Beauty and all the Uses aforesaid equal to Silver it were a thing of singular profit to the State and to all particular Persons to change Silver Plate or Vessel into the Compound Stuff being a kind of Silver Electre and to turn the rest into Coin It may be also questioned Whether the Compound Stuff will receive gilding as well as Silver and with equal luster It is to be noted That the common allay of Silver Coin is Brass which doth discolour more and is not so neat as Tin The Drownings of Metals within other Metals in such sort as they can never rise again is a thing of great profit For if a quantity of Silver can be so buried in Gold as it will never be reduced again neither by Fire nor parting Waters nor otherways and also that it serve all Uses as well as pure Gold it
is in effect all one as if so much Silver were turned into Gold only the weight will discover it but that taketh off but half of the profit for Gold is not fully double weight to Silver but Gold is twelve times price to Silver The burial must be by one of these two ways either by the smallness of the proportion as perhaps fifty to one which will be but six pence gains in fifty shillings or it must be holpen by somewhat which may fix the Silver never to be restored or vapour'd away when it is incorporated into such a Mass of Gold for the less quantity is ever the harder to sever and for this purpose Iron is the likest or Coppel Stuff upon which the Fire hath no power of consumption The making of Gold seemeth a thing scarcely possible because Gold is the heaviest of Metals and to add Matter is impossible and again to drive Metals into a narrower room than their natural extent beareth is a condensation hardly to be expected But to make Silver seemeth more easy because both Quick-silver and Lead are weightier than Silver so as there needeth only fixing and not condensing The degree unto this that is already known is infusing of Quick-silver in a Parchment or otherwise in the midst of molten Lead when it cooleth for this stupifieth the Quick-silver that it runneth no more This trial is to be advanced three ways First By iterating the melting of the Lead to see whether it will not make the Quick-silver harder and harder Secondly To put Realgar hot into the midst of the Quick-silver whereby it may be condensed as well from within as without Thirdly To try it in the midst of Molten Iron or Molten Steel which is a Body more likely to fix the Quick-silver than Lead It may be also tried by incorporating Pouder of Steel or Copple Dust by pouncing into the Quick-silver and so to proceed to the stupifying Vpon Glass four things would be put in proof The first means to make the Glass more Crystalline The second to make it more strong for falls and for fire though it come not to the degree to be malleable The third to make it coloured by Tinctures comparable or exceeding pretious Stones The fourth To make a compound Body of Glass and Galletyle that is to have the colour milkey like a Chalcedon being a Stuff between a Procelane and a Glass For the first It is good first to know exactly the several Materials whereof the Glass in use is made Window-glass Normandy and Burgundy Alehouse-glass English drinking-Glass and then thereupon to consider what the reason is of the coarseness or clearness and from thence to rise to a consideration how to make some Additaments to the coarser Materials to raise them to the whiteness and crystalline splendour of the finest For the second We see Pebbles and some other Stones will cut as fine as Crystal which if they will melt may be a mixture for Glass and may make it more tough and more Crystalline Besides we see Metals will vitrify and perhaps some portion of the Glass of Metal vitrified mixed in the Pot of ordinary Glass-Metal will make the whole Mass more tough For the third It were good to have of coloured Window-Glass such as is coloured in the Pot and not by Colours * Here something is wantinâ— in the Câ—py It is to be known of what Stuff Galletyle is made and how the Colours in it are varied and thereupon to consider how to make the mixture of Glass-Metal and them whereof I have seen the Example Inquire what be the Stones that do easiliest melt Of them take half a pound and of Iron a pound and a half and an ounce of Brimstone and see whether they will incorporate being whole with a strong fire If not try the same quantities calcined and if they will incorporate make a Plate of them and burnish it as they do Iron Take a pound and a half of Brass and half a pound of Iron two ounces of the Calaminar Stone an ounce and a half of Brimstone an ounce of Lead calcine them and see what body they make and if they incorporate make a Plate of it burnished Take of Copper an ounce and a half of Tin an ounce and melt them together and make a Plate of them burnished Take of Copper an ounce and a half of Tin an ounce of Glass-Metal half an ounce stir them well in the boiling and if they incorporate make a Plate of them burnished Take of Copper a pound and a half Tin four ounces Brass two ounces make a Plate of them burnished Take of Silver two ounces Tin half an ounce make a little Say-Cup of it and burnish it To enquire of the Materâ—als of every of the kind of Glasses coarser and finer and of the Proportions Take an equal quantity of Glass-Metal of Stone calcined and bring a Pattern Take an ounce of vitrified Metal and a pound of ordinary Glass-Metal and see whether they will incorporate and bring a Pattern Bring Examples of all coloured Glasses and learn the Ingredients whereby they are coloured Inquire of the substance of Galletyle Articles of Questions touching Minerals written originally in English by the Lord Bacon yet hitherto not published in that Language The Lord Bacon's Questions and Solutions concerning the Compounding Incorporating or Union of Metals or Minerals which Subject is the first Letter of his Lordships Alphabet Q. WIth what Metals Gold will Incorporate by simple Colliquefaction and with what not and in what quantity it will incorporate and what kind of Body the Compound makes A. Gold with Silver which was the Ancient Electrum Gold with Quicksilver Gold with Lead Gold with Copper Gold with Brass Gold with Iron Gold with Tin So likewise of Silver Silver with Quicksilver Silver with Lead Silver with Copper Silver with Brass Silver with Iron Plinius Secund. lib. 33. ix miscuit denario Triumvir Antonius ferrum Silver with Tin So likewise of Quicksilver Quicksilver with Lead Quicksilver with Copper Quicksilver with Brass Quicksilver with Iron Quicksilver with Tin So of Lead Lead with Copper Lead with Brass Lead with Iron Lead with Tin Pl. 34. ix So of Copper Copper with Brass Copper with Iron Copper with Tin So of Brass Brass with Iron Brass with Tin So of Iron Iron with Tin What be the Compound Metals that are common and known and what are the proportions of their Mixtures As LAtten of Brass and the Calaminar Stone Pewter of Tin and Lead Bell-Metal of c. and the counterfeit Plate which they call Alchimy The Decompositees of three Metals or more are too long to enquire of except there be some Compositions of them already observed It is also to be observed whether any two Metals which will not mingle of themselves will mingle with the help of an other and what What Compounds will be made of Metal with Stone and other Fossiles As Latten is made with Brass and the Calaminar Stone As
the Fire which is but by congregation of Homogenial parts The second is by drawing them down by some Body that hath consent with them As Iron draweth down Copper in Water Gold draweth Quick-Silver in vapour whatsoever is of this kind is very diligently to be inquired Also it is to be inquired what time or age will reduce without help of fire or body Also it is to be inquired what gives impediment to Union or Restitution which is sometimes called Mortification as when Quick-Silver is mortified with Turpentine Spittle or Butter Lastly It is to be inquired how the Metal restored differeth in any thing from the Metal rare as whether it become not more churlish altered in colour or the like Doctor Meverel's Answers touching the Restitutions of Metals and Minerals REduction is chiefly effected by Fire wherein if they stand and nele the imperfect Metals vapour away and so do all manner of Salts which separated them in minimas partes before Reduction is singularly holpen by joyning store of Metal of the same nature with it in the melting Metals reduced are somewhat churlish but not altered in colour The Lord Verulam's Inquisition concerning the Versions Transmutations Multiplications and Effections of Bodies written by him originally in English but not hitherto published in that Language EArth by Fire is turned into Brick which is of the nature of a Stone Quere the Manner and serveth for Building as Stone doth And the like of Tile Naphtha which was the Bituminous Mortar used in the Walls of Babylon grows to an entire and very hard Matter like a Stone In Clay Countries where there is Pebble and Gravel you shall find great Stones where you may see the Pebbles or Gravel and between them a Substance of Stone as hard or harder than the Pebble it self There are some Springs of Water wherein if you put Wood it will turn into the nature of Stone So as that within the Water shall be Stone and that above the Water continue Wood. The slime about the Reins and Bladder in Man's Body turns into Stone And Stone is likewise found often in the Gall and sometimes though rarely in Venâ Portâ Quere what time the substance of Earth in Quarries asketh to be turned into Stone Water as it seems turneth into Crystal as is seen in divers Caves where the Crystal hangs in Stillicidiis Try Wood or the Stalk of Herbs buried in Quicksilver whether it will not grow hard and stony They speak of a Stone engendred in a Toad's head There was a Gentleman digging in his Moat found an Egg turned into Stone the White and the Yolk keeping their Colour and the Shell glistring like a Stone cut with corners Try somethings put into the bottom of a Well As Wood or some soft Substance but let it not touch the Water because it may not putrify They speak that the White of an Egg with lying long in the Sun will turn Stone Mud in Water turns into shells of Fishes as in Horse-Muscles in fresh Ponds old and overgrown And the substance is a wondrous fine substance light and shining A Speech touching the recovering of Drowned Mineral Works prepared for the Parliament as Mr. Bushel affirmed by the Viscount of St. Albans then Lord High Chancellor of England a See Mr. Bee's Extract p. 18 19. My Lords and Gentlemen THe King my Royal Master was lately graciously pleased to move some Discourse to me concerning Mr. Sutton's Hospital and such like worthy Foundations of memorable Piety Which humbly seconded by my self drew his Majesty into a serious consideration of the Mineral Treasures of his own Territories and the practical discoveries of them by way of my Philosophical Theory Which he then so well resented that afterwards upon a mature digestion of my whole Design he commanded me to let your Lordships understand how great an inclination He â—ath to further so hopeful a Work for the Honour of his Dominions as the most probable means to relieve all the Poor thereof without any other Stock or Benevolence than that which Divine Bounty should confer on their own Industries and honest Labours in recovering all such Drowned Mineral Works as have been or shall be therefore deserted And my Lords All that is now desired of his Majesty and your Lordships is no more than a gracious Act of this present Parliament to authorize Them herein adding a Mercy to a Munificence which is the Persons of such strong and able Petty-Felons who in true penitence for their Crimes shall implore his Majesty's Mercy and Permission to expiate their Offences by their Assiduous Labours in so innocent and hopeful a Work For by this unchangeable way my Lords have I proposed to erect the Academical Fabric of this Island 's Salomon's House modelled in my New Atlantis And I can hope my Lords that my Midnight Studies to make our Countries flourish and outvy European Neighbours in mysterious and beneficent Arts have not so ingratefully affected 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Intellects that you will delay or resist his Majesty's desires and my humble Petition in this Benevolent yea Magnificent Affair Since your Honourable Posterities may be inriched thereby and my Ends are only to make the World my Heir and the learned Fathers of my Salomon's House the successive and sworn Trustees in the dispensation of this great Service for God's Glory my Prince's Magnificence this Parliaments Honour our Countries general Good and the propagation of my own Memory And I may assure your Lordships that all my Proposals in order to this great Architype seemed so rational and feasable to my Royal Soveraign our Christian Salomon that I thereby prevailed with his Majesty to call this Honourable Parliament to Confirm and Impower me in my own way of Mining by an Act of the same after his Majesty's more weighty Affairs were considered in your Wisdoms both which he desires your Lordships and you Gentlemen that are chosen as the Patriots of your respective Countries to take speedy care of Which done I shall not then doubt the happy Issue of my Vndertakings in this Design whereby concealed Treasures which now seem utterly lost to Mankind shall be confined to so universal a Piety and brought into use by the industry of Converted Penitents whose wretched Carcases the Impartial Laws have or shall dedicate as untimely Feasts to the Worms of the Earth in whose Womb those deserted mineral riches must ever lie buried as lost Abortments unless those be made the active Midwives to deliver them For my Lords I humbly conceive Them to be the fittest of all Men to effect this great Work for the Ends and Causes which I have before expressed All which my Lords I humbly refer to your Grave and Solid Iudgments to conclude of together with such other Aâ—sistances to this Frame as your own Oraculous Wisdom shall intimate for the Magnifying our Creator in his inscrutable Providence and admirable Works of Nature Certain Experiments made by the Lord Bacon about Weight in Air and