Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	vapour_n	zone_n	36	3	13.0750	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28936	The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq., epitomiz'd by Richard Boulton ... ; illustrated with copper plates.; Works. 1699	Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Boulton, Richard, b. 1676 or 7. General heads for the natural history of a country.	1699 (1699)	Wing B3921; ESTC R9129	784,954	1,756

of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 13_o it_o be_v ½_n a_o inch._n oct._n 17_o it_o be_v 1_o inch._n oct._n 18_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n oct._n 19_o near_o 4_o inch_n oct._n 20_o the_o same_o but_o their_o surface_n seem_v mouldy_a oct._n 21_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n oct._n 22_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 23_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 24_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 27_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a octob._n 28_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 2_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 6_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a no._n 8_o it_o be_v 10_o inch_n high_a no._n 9_o it_o be_v 13_o inch_n high_a no._n 12_o it_o be_v 15_o inch_n high_a no._n 14_o it_o be_v 17_o inch_n high_a no._n 18_o it_o be_v 23_o inch_n high_a no._n 21_o it_o be_v 26_o inch_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 36_o ½_n inch_n high_a dec._n 12_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 36_o inch_n high_a the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o octob._n 10._o 677._o wine_n grape_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o another_o receiver_n into_o which_o be_v put_v 2_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n along_o with_o the_o grape_n oct._n 11_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 12_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 13_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 17_o the_o ascent_n be_v small_a oct._n 18_o not_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v but_o little_a jan._n 6._o the_o grape_n all_o this_o time_n afford_v no_o air_n so_o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hinder_v their_o fermentation_n experiment_n ix_o have_v convey_v a_o peach_n into_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o so_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v just_o able_a to_o afford_v vapour_n to_o rise_v about_o it_o march_n 28._o 78._o it_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n but_o be_v the_o less_o firm_a it_o have_v almost_o whole_o contract_v the_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o yield_v not_o air._n experiment_n x._o wine_n air_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o convey_v 5_o peach_n into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v vapour_n about_o they_o octob._n 18_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n inches_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n inches_n high_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o inch_n high_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 14_o digit_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o digit_n nou._n 14_o the_o same_o nou._n 16_o the_o same_o dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 18._o dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o ½_n dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 23._o march_n 8_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n air_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o five_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o common_a receiver_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 18_o it_o ascend_v not_o octob._n the_o 20_o the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o digit_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 8_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 12_o nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 15_o nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o ½_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 14_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 21_o digit_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 26_o digit_n high_a dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 26_o ½_n digit_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 28_o ½_n digit_n high_a jan._n 6._o 78_o it_o be_v 32_o inch_n high_a march_n 28_o it_o be_v 33_o ½_n april_n 15._o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o the_o air_n after_o it_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o vapour_n do_v not_o hinder_v fermentation_n so_o much_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o experiment_n xi_o leaven_n paste_n with_o leaven_n have_v close_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o leaven_a dough_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o so_o much_o air_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n april_n 28._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v 2_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a april_n 3_o it_o be_v 3_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o the_o paste_n be_v mouldy_a it_o be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n high_a may_v 6_o it_o be_v 2_o ¾_n may_v 8_o it_o be_v 3_o may_n 10_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 4_o may_n 17_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 5_o may_n 24_o it_o be_v 6_o may_n 28_o it_o be_v 8_o june_n 2_o it_o be_v 9_o june_n 6_o it_o be_v 10_o june_n 41_o it_o be_v 11_o ½_n july_n 5_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n july_n 19_o it_o be_v 15_o paste_n without_o leaven_n april_n 27._o 78._o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n without_o leaven_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n leaven_n without_o leaven_n april_n 29._o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o ascend_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n april_n 30._o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n may_v 4._o it_o ascend_v slow_o and_o the_o paste_n turn_v mouldy_a may_v 6._o it_o be_v about_o 4_o inch_n high_a may_v 8_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n may_v 10_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 10_o ½_n may_v 17_o it_o be_v 12_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n may_v 24_o it_o be_v 16_o ½_n may_v 28_o it_o be_v 18_o ½_n june_n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n june_n 6_o it_o be_v 21_o ½_n june_n 14_o it_o be_v 25_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o leaven_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o may_v 23._o wine_n paste_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n on_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v pour_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n may_n 24_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 1_o inch._n may_v 26_o it_o be_v near_o 2._o may_v 27_o it_o be_v near_o 2_o ½_n may_v 31_o no_o alteration_n june_n 1_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 4_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a july_n 19_o no_o variation_n decemb._n 14._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n smell_v subacid_a paste_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 23._o it_o without_o it_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v may_v 26_o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n high_a may_v 27_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 28_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 29_o it_o be_v 7_o digit_n high_a may_v 31_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 22_o digit_n high_a july_n 4_o it_o be_v 30_o digit_n high_a july_n 19_o it_o be_v about_o the_o height_n of_o 30_o digit_n the_o air_n break_v out_o decemb._n 14._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n again_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n be_v very_o acid_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prejudices_fw-la the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o it_o likewise_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o paste_n which_o be_v make_v without_o ferment_n will_v in_o time_n yield_v as_o much_o air_n as_o that_o prepare_v with_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o octob._n 11._o receiver_n new_a ale_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n new_a ale_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a cavity_n be_v take_v up_o with_o it_o and_o another_o receiver_n be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n except_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o cavity_n which_o contain_v air._n octob._n 12._o in_o the_o receiver_n exact_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a the_o other_o have_v its_o cover_n burst_v and_o the_o ale_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o purpose_n octob._n 13._o in_o that_o whole_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v 12_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v raise_v 13_o digit_n octob._n 14._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 13_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 18._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 22_o inch_n and_o in_o the_o other_o 20._o octob._n 15._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a

to_o be_v slight_v or_o sudden_o lay_v aside_o since_o several_a accident_n may_v intervene_v in_o the_o air_n on_o which_o those_o may_v depend_v as_o we_o know_v though_o tide_n general_o ebb_v and_o flow_v so_o as_o to_o answer_v the_o theory_n give_v of_o they_o yet_o by_o fierce_a wind_n and_o great_a land-flood_n the_o regular_a course_n of_o they_o have_v often_o be_v alter_v chap._n xviii_o a_o new_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n moisture_n the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o subject_n far_o less_o tender_a and_o curious_o contrive_v than_o man_n body_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n and_o usual_o a_o bad_a one_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o on_o several_a part_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v to_o receive_v such_o effluvium_n appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n that_o sheep_n leather_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o hygroscope_n plentiful_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o bladder_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v make_v impervious_a to_o urine_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o membranous_a part_n put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v make_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o twist_a gut_n of_o animal_n and_o even_o bones_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o human_a body_n will_v so_o far_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o swell_v considerable_o nor_o be_v animal_n body_n alone_o capable_a of_o have_v their_o pore_n penetrate_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n but_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o inanimate_a body_n and_o swell_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o polish_v marble_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o moist_a vapour_n as_o evident_o to_o sweat_v nay_o even_o the_o air_n itself_o be_v not_o without_o vapour_n and_o moist_a part_n disperse_v through_o it_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v fill_v a_o bottle_n with_o water_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n we_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n so_o many_o moist_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o this_o frigorifick_a mixture_n that_o they_o first_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o that_o scale_n preponderate_v and_o weigh_v a_o drachm_n more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n which_o show_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o moist_a vapour_n when_o they_o penetrate_v solid_a body_n it_o be_v no_o weak_a argument_n of_o their_o efficacy_n that_o we_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n the_o string_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v swell_v and_o break_v nor_o be_v it_o in_o considerable_a that_o door_n and_o door-case_n be_v so_o swell_v in_o rainy_n wether_n as_o to_o open_v and_o shut_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o uneasiness_n moisture_n marchasite_n burst_v by_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n to_o increase_v considerable_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o rainy_a wether_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o musical_a instrument_n to_o grow_v out_o of_o tune_n not_o only_o the_o wooden_a but_o the_o metalline_a pipe_n of_o organ_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v in_o wet_a wether_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rain_n but_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n marchasite_n have_v be_v swell_v and_o burst_v asunder_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v observe_v vitriolate_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o shine_a marchasite_n cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o external_a moisture_n on_o they_o and_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v some_o marchasitical_a substance_n that_o they_o have_v burst_v asunder_o whereupon_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n be_v generate_v within_o their_o substance_n than_o without_o to_o conclude_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o assist_v a_o virtuoso_fw-la to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o know_a measure_n of_o the_o mechanical_a force_n of_o the_o aerial_a moisture_n i_o cause_v a_o rope_n about_o 22_o yard_n long_o to_o be_v fasten_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n to_o a_o immovable_a body_n and_o then_o have_v fix_v a_o poultry_n to_o another_o stable_a body_n about_o 18_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a the_o rope_n lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n be_v betwixt_o both_o almost_o in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n but_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o rope_n which_o hang_v down_o from_o the_o poultry_n towards_o the_o ground_n be_v fix_v a_o weight_n of_o 50_o pound_n and_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o that_o a_o index_n which_o be_v place_v horizontal_o point_v to_o a_o board_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o inch_n that_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o better_a the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o it_o upon_o change_n of_o wether_n when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v i_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o rainy_a night_n the_o weight_n be_v raise_v five_o inch_n but_o the_o next_o day_n prove_v a_o dry_a day_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o before_o but_o a_o heavy_a weight_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a june_n four_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o quarter_n the_o hundred_o weight_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o sky_n be_v cloudy_a but_o without_o rain_n june_n 6_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v cloudy_a it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o observation_n be_v make_v it_o rise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n be_v considerable_a since_o the_o rope_n that_o by_o its_o assistance_n raise_v the_o weight_n be_v but_o about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v 3_o 10_o and_o 4_o decimal_a part_n of_o 1_o 10._o chap_n xix_o of_o some_o unheeded_a cause_n of_o the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n vapour_n the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a vapour_n among_o the_o several_a cause_n on_o which_o the_o salubrity_n and_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n most_o considerable_a which_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a nature_n but_o according_a to_o place_n and_o time_n according_a to_o place_n as_o they_o ascend_v from_o the_o superficial_a or_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n according_a to_o time_n such_o as_o ascend_v daily_o and_o may_v be_v term_v ordinary_a emission_n or_o only_o at_o distant_a time_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v term_v periodical_a and_o sometime_o fortuitous_a or_o irregular_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o distinction_n yet_o since_o nature_n offer_v her_o phaenomena_n not_o so_o distinct_a but_o confuse_o and_o together_o i_o shall_v sometime_o consider_v the_o terraqueous_a steam_n in_o the_o more_o general_a notion_n with_o reference_n to_o each_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o distinction_n but_o that_o i_o may_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v more_o distinct_o i_o shall_v lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n proceed_v under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o insalubrity_n of_o marish_a and_o the_o salubrity_n of_o sandy_a ground_n may_v depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la which_o act_n not_o mere_o or_o principal_o as_o they_o be_v moist_a or_o dry._n proposition_n i._n the_o first_o proposition_n be_v 1._o prop._n 1._o that_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o salubrity_n or_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n consider_v in_o general_a may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n due_a to_o subterraneal_a expiration_n especial_o to_o those_o i_o call_v ordinary_a emission_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o preserve_n of_o health_n either_o by_o promote_a respiration_n or_o by_o correct_v noxious_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o check_v morbific_a ferment_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n beside_o

of_o salt_n i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o volatile_a one_o for_o beside_o that_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o obtain_v a_o spirit_n and_o salt_n of_o similar_v quality_n with_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n from_o earth_n dig_v up_o some_o yard_n deep_a we_o may_v observe_v in_o favour_n of_o what_o i_o propose_v that_o the_o very_a soot_n which_o rise_v from_o fire_n near_o great_a town_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v disperse_v in_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o a_o saline_n spirit_n which_o may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o by_o distillation_n as_o likewise_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o volatile_a matter_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n from_o animal_n substance_n putrify_v and_o corrupt_v but_o beside_o these_o more_o simple_a salt_n there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o compound_v in_o the_o air_n which_o may_v result_v from_o several_a coalition_n of_o simple_a salt_n and_o several_a compound_v salt_n may_v not_o unlikely_a arise_v from_o subterraneal_a part_n in_o favour_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o america_n the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o vulcano_n not_o only_o offend_v the_o face_n of_o some_o that_o approach_v too_o near_o but_o cause_v a_o manifest_a alteration_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o hair_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a sulphureous_a exhalation_n have_v be_v gather_v about_o the_o cranny_n of_o mount_n vesuvius_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o small_a cranny_n stick_v to_o the_o edge_n like_o flower_n of_o brimstone_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v a_o stone_n bring_v i_o from_o another_o vulcano_n who_o pore_n be_v full_a of_o a_o white_a salt_n compound_v of_o a_o fix_a one_o and_o another_o volatile_a much_o like_o sal-armon_a the_o salt_n we_o have_v hitherto_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o determinate_a species_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v other_o which_z be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o know_v nor_o have_v they_o any_o name_n give_v they_o this_o appear_v from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o teach_v of_o subterraneal_a fume_n and_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v by_o intimate_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v old_a glass-window_n sometime_o corrode_v as_o if_o worm-eaten_a which_o probable_o proceed_v from_o some_o corrosive_a particle_n carry_v thither_o by_o the_o wind._n as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o several_a salt_n that_o at_o different_a time_n and_o in_o various_a place_n impregnate_n the_o air_n among_o the_o different_a method_n that_o may_v be_v take_v to_o investigate_v they_o i_o shall_v mention_v the_o follow_v air._n several_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o air._n first_o we_o may_v expose_v such_o body_n to_o the_o air_n as_o we_o think_v will_n most_o likely_a be_v work_v upon_o by_o the_o salt_n we_o judge_v predominant_a in_o that_o place_n as_o lime_n where_o we_o think_v nitre_n abound_v as_o also_o we_o may_v hang_v up_o silk_n of_o such_o colour_n as_o nitre_n be_v most_o apt_a to_o fade_v or_o discolour_v in_o place_n where_o we_o think_v vitriol_n abound_v we_o may_v expose_v preparation_n of_o sulphur_n which_o it_o usual_o turn_v black_a in_o other_o place_n we_o may_v spread_v white_a linen_n clothes_n and_o observe_v what_o salt_n they_o imbibe_n along_o with_o the_o rise_a vapour_n and_o fall_v dew_n a_o second_o way_n to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o air_n may_v be_v by_o expose_v some_o body_n which_o several_a salt_n have_v different_a effect_n on_o experiment_n i._n clean_a copper_n plate_n be_v place_v over_o glass_n under_o which_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n dilute_v with_o water_n be_v set_v i_o oserve_v that_o they_o be_v discolour_v alike_o by_o the_o ascend_a fume_n it_o be_v common_a for_o these_o spirit_n to_o draw_v a_o green_a tincture_n from_o copper_n as_o spirit_n of_o soot_n and_o urine_n do_v a_o blue_n one_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o copper_n bring_v from_o a_o mine_n overcast_v in_o several_a part_n with_o a_o verdigrease_n which_o effect_n i_o judge_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o efficacy_n of_o some_o effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o air._n and_o possible_o with_o other_o body_n discover_v different_a discolouration_n we_o be_v enable_v to_o learn_v what_o kind_n of_o steam_n those_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o amsterdam_n but_o elsewhere_o that_o plate_n in_o a_o little_a time_n in_o those_o air_n will_v acquire_v a_o rusty_a colour_n or_o one_o partake_v of_o yellow_a and_o black_n a_o three_o way_n which_o may_v be_v take_v to_o discover_v the_o different_a nature_n of_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v by_o expose_v preparation_n of_o mineral_n body_n who_o colour_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o air._n experiment_n ii_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la be_v precipitate_v with_o spirit_n of_o sea_n salt_n the_o powder_n will_v be_v at_o the_o first_o white_a but_o after_o a_o while_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v acquire_v a_o dark_a colour_n which_o may_v perhaps_o vary_v as_o the_o air_n be_v different_o impregnate_v experiment_n iii_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n and_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v and_o put_v into_o a_o cover_a crucible_n and_o keep_v over_o a_o moderate_a fire_n till_o the_o sal_fw-la armon_n have_v do_v smoke_v as_o much_o of_o the_o rema_v mass_n as_o can_v be_v part_v be_v take_v out_o and_o look_v of_o a_o dark_a colour_n but_o be_v gross_o beat_v and_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n look_v like_o verdigrease_n a_o substance_n who_o colour_n common_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n concern_v in_o the_o production_n of_o the_o pigment_n but_o a_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o mass_n be_v gross_o beat_v and_o hermetical_o seal_v up_o from_o the_o air_n and_o leave_v in_o a_o south_n window_n be_v not_o discolour_v when_o that_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n have_v acquire_v a_o virdigrease_n colour_n experiment_n iv_o spirit_n of_o soot_n of_o wood_n dissolve_v copper_n into_o a_o lovely_a azure_a but_o the_o substance_n grow_v dry_a in_o the_o air_n change_v its_o ceruleous_a for_o a_o cyanious_a colour_n such_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o good_a turquoise_n which_o change_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o saline-sulphureous_a salt_n which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v the_o same_o success_n when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o urinous_a spirit_n draw_v from_o a_o animal_n substance_n most_o of_o the_o inland_a part_n of_o our_o country_n abound_v not_o with_o corrosive_a vapour_n the_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v corrode_v and_o rust_v so_o that_o i_o believe_v this_o salt_n may_v proceed_v from_o sea_n vapour_n or_o a_o dissolution_n of_o some_o corrode_a salt_n upon_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o sea_n or_o mineral_n coal_n mox_fw-la ollam_fw-la ex_fw-la igni_fw-la removent_fw-la 12._o agricola_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metal_n lib._n 12._o postea_fw-la ex_fw-la refrigerata_fw-la eximunt_fw-la halinitrum_fw-la purissimum_fw-la quod_fw-la candidi_fw-la marmoris_fw-la speciem_fw-la gerit_fw-la aetque_fw-la tunc_fw-la etiam_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la terrenum_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la fundo_fw-la residet_fw-la at_o terra_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la dilutum_fw-la fuit_fw-la factum_fw-la &_o rami_n quernei_fw-la vel_fw-la consimilis_fw-la arboris_fw-la alternis_fw-la sub_fw-la dio_fw-mi ponantur_fw-la &_o aqua_fw-la quâ_fw-la combibit_fw-la halinitrum_fw-la conspergantur_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la quinque_fw-la vel_fw-la sex_n annis_fw-la rursus_fw-la apta_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la conficiendum_fw-la dilutum_fw-la halinitrum_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la purum_fw-la quod_fw-la dum_fw-la terra_fw-la tot_fw-la annos_fw-la quievit_fw-la interea_fw-la ortum_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la lapidei_fw-la parietes_fw-la in_o cellis_fw-la vrinariis_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la opacis_fw-la exudant_fw-la cum_fw-la primo_fw-la diluto_fw-la permistum_fw-la decoquatur_fw-la si_fw-mi verò_fw-la locus_fw-la aliquis_fw-la talium_fw-la venarum_fw-la copiam_fw-la suppeditaverit_fw-la ipsae_fw-la statim_fw-la non_fw-la conjiciantur_fw-la in_o cast_n ella_fw-la sed_fw-la primò_fw-la convehantur_fw-la in_o areas_fw-la atque_fw-la cumulentur_fw-la quanto_fw-la enim_fw-la diutius_fw-la aeri_fw-la &_o pluviis_fw-la expositae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tanto_fw-la meliores_fw-la fiunt_fw-la no_o in_o ejusmodi_fw-la cumulis_fw-la aliquot_fw-la post_fw-la mensibus_fw-la quam_fw-la venae_fw-la in_fw-la be_v as_o fuerint_fw-la conjectae_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la fibrae_fw-la long_o venis_fw-la bonitate_fw-la praestantes_fw-la deinde_fw-la vehantur_fw-la in_o sex_n plurave_a castilia_n long_fw-mi &_o let_fw-mi a_o ad_fw-la novem_fw-la pedes_fw-la ad_fw-la quinque_fw-la alta_fw-la si_fw-mi verò_fw-la dum_fw-la dilutum_fw-la recoquitur_fw-la seperata_fw-la non_fw-la fuerint_fw-la mox_fw-la ex_fw-la minoribus_fw-la vasis_fw-la infundatur_fw-la in_o majora_n eaque_fw-la concludantur_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la item_n atramentum_fw-la sutorium_fw-la seperatum_fw-la ab_fw-la alumine_fw-la

of_o their_o house_n fast_o shut_v there_o be_v at_o those_o time_n little_a or_o no_o commerce_n though_o the_o wether_n be_v very_o hot_a at_o balassore_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o bengale_n and_o other_o place_n of_o that_o country_n after_o great_a raius_n the_o air_n be_v so_o much_o corrupt_v that_o the_o smell_n be_v very_o nauseous_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o frog_n leave_v on_o dry_a place_n after_o inundation_n and_o putrify_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v great_a mortality_n among_o the_o native_n chief_o by_o violent_a fever_n when_o sick_a people_n be_v set_v on_o shore_n at_o st._n helena_n they_o be_v general_o much_o better_a in_o a_o few_o day_n though_o before_o they_o be_v very_o weak_a le_fw-fr chemin_fw-fr plus_fw-fr court_n de_fw-fr mosul_n a_o bagdad_n est_fw-fr par_fw-fr la_fw-fr mesopotamie_n mais_fw-fr on_o n'y_fw-fr trouve_fw-fr aucun_fw-fr village_n &_o le_fw-fr samiel_n y_fw-fr regne_fw-la tout_fw-fr l'eté_fw-fr depuis_fw-fr mosul_n jusques_fw-fr a_fw-fr sourat_n ce_fw-fr qui_fw-fr oblige_v a_o prendre_fw-fr l'eau_fw-fr sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr tiger_n où_fw-fr ce_fw-fr vent_n ne_fw-fr soussle_v point_n le_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr ce_fw-fr vent_n et_fw-fr composé_fw-fr des_fw-fr mots_fw-fr sam_n et_fw-fr jel_n c'est_fw-mi a_o dire_a poison_n et_fw-fr vent_n comme_fw-fr qui_fw-fr diroit_fw-fr vent_n de_fw-fr poison_n ce_fw-fr pourroit_fw-fr être_fw-fr le_fw-fr vent_n urens_fw-la dom_fw-la parle_fw-fr job_n xxvii_o 21._o lorsque_fw-fr quelqu'un_fw-fr a_fw-fr respiré_fw-fr ce_fw-fr vent_n il_fw-fr tombe_fw-fr mort_fw-fr subitement_fw-fr quoi_fw-fr qu'_fw-fr il_fw-fr en_fw-fr ait_fw-fr quelques_fw-fr uns_fw-fr qui_fw-fr ont_fw-fr le_fw-fr temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr dire_fw-fr qu'_fw-fr ils_fw-fr brûlent_fw-fr au_fw-fr dedans_fw-fr de_fw-fr aboard_o qu'_fw-fr on_z est_fw-fr mort_fw-fr on_o devient_fw-fr tout_fw-fr noir_fw-fr et_fw-fr si_fw-mi on_o tire_v le_fw-fr mort_fw-fr par_fw-fr le_fw-fr bras_fw-fr où_fw-fr par_fw-fr la_fw-fr jambe_fw-mi où_fw-fr par_fw-fr un_fw-fr autre_fw-fr endroit_fw-fr la_fw-fr chair_n quit_v les_fw-fr os_fw-la et_fw-fr rest_n entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr mains_fw-fr de_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr qui_fw-fr la_fw-fr touchent_fw-fr thevenot_n dans_fw-fr le_fw-fr bibliotheque_fw-fr vniversel_n tom._n xiii_o p._n 266._o dr._n collins_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o muscovy_n their_o horse_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o very_a foul_a disease_n from_o which_o they_o defend_v they_o by_o keep_v goat_n in_o their_o stable_n the_o plague_n general_o at_o smyrna_n but_o especial_o aleppo_n at_o the_o end_n of_o june_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n degenerate_v into_o other_o distemper_n the_o infectious_a particle_n of_o the_o air_n then_o be_v dissipate_v and_o deprive_v of_o their_o pernicious_a quality_n for_o a_o like_a reason_n the_o offensive_a smoke_n of_o a_o candle_n be_v further_o rarify_v by_o the_o application_n of_o smoke_n lose_v its_o ill_a scent_n and_o other_o ill_a quality_n beside_o it_o may_v be_v further_o offer_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n may_v raise_v other_o saline_a effluvia_fw-la from_o the_o earth_n which_o mix_v with_o the_o former_a may_v correct_v and_o alter_v their_o infectious_a quality_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o do_v not_o happen_v at_o other_o place_n as_o well_o as_o smyrna_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n since_o some_o soil_n may_v emit_v pestilential_a vapour_n with_o a_o sleight_n heat_n which_o other_o may_v correct_v when_o raise_v by_o a_o great_a for_o a_o like_a reason_n to_o which_o the_o plague_n in_o grand_a cairo_n cease_v the_o earth_n upon_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o river_n nile_n emit_v nitrous_a vapour_n which_o correct_v the_o pestilential_a one_o to_o show_v that_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v very_o much_o alter_v by_o the_o superven_a coldness_n or_o heat_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o equal_a part_n of_o alum_n and_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o water_n when_o the_o liquor_n be_v pretty_a well_o evaporate_v and_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v set_v in_o the_o cold_a the_o alum_n be_v first_o coagulate_v into_o several_a octoedrical_a grain_n and_o upon_o a_o further_a evaporation_n at_o the_o last_o the_o nitre_n shoot_v into_o very_o fine_a little_a crystal_n of_o a_o figure_n natural_a to_o such_o salt_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o several_a salt_n which_o act_n joint_o may_v be_v so_o separate_v by_o superven_a quality_n in_o the_o air_n as_o to_o act_v separately_z a_o mouse_n live_v ten_o minute_n with_o a_o quarter_n of_o air_n and_o three_o afterward_o title_n xli_o of_o heavy_a body_n sustain_v in_o or_o take_v up_o into_o the_o air._n title_n xlii_o of_o dew_n title_n xliii_o of_o rain_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o country_n of_o campen_n that_o rain_n fall_v into_o pit_n which_o be_v dug_n to_o a_o sort_n of_o quicksand_n will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n form_v a_o clay_n which_o skilful_o handle_v will_v yield_v good_a iron_n the_o water_n in_o that_o country_n be_v obser_v to_o leave_v a_o strong_a matter_n at_o the_o bottom_n when_o distil_v notwithstanding_o the_o rectification_n quicquid_fw-la erit_fw-la sine_fw-la fuco_fw-la significat_fw-la velut_fw-la rottenburg_n capiuntur_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 8._o de_fw-fr mont_fw-fr bohemtae_n p._n 26._o a_o milessow_n monte_fw-fr temporum_fw-la praesagia_fw-la capiuntur_fw-la silesiae_fw-la compastum_fw-la appellant_n perinde_v milessow_n temporum_fw-la prognoste_n jure_fw-la merito_fw-la dici_fw-la potest_fw-la vidi_n ex_fw-la proximo_fw-la totum_fw-la aliquando_fw-la montem_fw-la densissimis_fw-la nebulis_fw-la contectum_fw-la eà_fw-la prorsus_fw-la imagine_v qua_fw-la mons_fw-la sinai_n moyse_n in_o nebula_fw-la latente_fw-la depingitur_fw-la at_o caeteri_fw-la circum_fw-la montes_n innubes_fw-la &_o hilares_fw-la velut_fw-la rerum_fw-la gerendarum_fw-la ignari_fw-la stabant_fw-la sol_fw-la ipse_fw-la formosissimus_fw-la ibat_fw-la at_o accolae_fw-la locorum_fw-la domum_fw-la fugiebant_fw-la pecora_fw-la urgebant_fw-la meque_fw-la ut_fw-la domum_fw-la protinus_fw-la reciperem_fw-la properarem_fw-la &_o equos_fw-la currum_fw-la trahentes_fw-la concitari_fw-la juberem_fw-la monebant_fw-la neque_fw-la horae_fw-la quadrant_n intercessit_fw-la jam_fw-la coelum_fw-la obduci_fw-la sol_fw-la contegi_fw-la cripi_fw-la omnis_fw-la aspectus_fw-la immensum_fw-la coelo_fw-la rvit_fw-la agmen_fw-la aquarum_fw-la rvit_fw-la arduus_fw-la aether_n virg._n virg._n et_fw-la pluvia_fw-la ingenti_fw-la sata_fw-la letae_fw-la boumque_fw-la labores_fw-la diluit_fw-la implentur_fw-la fossae_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la divinus_fw-la poeta_fw-la prosequitur_fw-la at_o contra_fw-la etiam_fw-la accidere_fw-la 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garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o 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and_o bay-salt_n strew_v on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o they_o promote_v the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n so_o much_o that_o they_o bury_v themselves_o in_o it_o but_o the_o part_n thaw_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o incorporate_v with_o and_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o we_o can_v not_o separate_v they_o without_o knock_v they_o in_o piece_n at_o another_o time_n salt_n throw_v upon_o ice_n make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o by_o a_o candle-light_n several_a steam_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v from_o they_o like_v from_o some_o hot_a liquor_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o aquafortis_n drop_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o latter_a soon_o penetrate_v but_o the_o former_a with_o more_o noise_n as_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v crack_v 5._o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n septentr_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 14_o say_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n glacies_fw-la primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la byemis_fw-la ad●ò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la 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hard_o as_o a_o rock_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o p._n 813_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o float_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v up_o and_o thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o whether_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o accumulation_n of_o fresh_a particle_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ice_n carry_v thither_o from_o some_o fresh_a water_n i_o much_o question_n since_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v seldom_o freeze_v and_o especial_o since_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o say_v that_o the_o float_a ice_n near_o nova_n zembla_n which_o close_v up_o the_o straight_a of_o weigals_n flow_v down_o from_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesre_n and_o several_a other_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n they_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a the_o dutch_a in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 96_o foot_n high_a and_o capt._n james_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o as_o deep_a under_o water_n beside_o what_o float_v above_o and_o some_o much_o high_a and_o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o p._n 837._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 140_o fathom_n high_a as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o piece_n of_o ice_n all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o capt._n james_n who_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 1000_o pace_n long_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o concrete_a piece_n of_o ice_n mr._n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o greenland_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o by_o another_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v so_o long_o that_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o a_o indifferent_a high_a hill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o the_o french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n relate_v in_o his_o passage_n to_o canada_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n other_o as_o ship_n and_o one_o 80_o league_n long_o in_o some_o place_n plain_a and_o in_o other_o unequal_a with_o high_a mountain_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 384._o say_v neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la sueci_fw-la &_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imò_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_fw-la iisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la glacie_n concretâ_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la constructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeò_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la ampliter_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o all_o that_o not_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o sweedland_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o eastern_a region_n the_o sea_n have_v be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 19_o observe_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 775_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50_o league_n 30_o cubit_n thick_a upon_o which_o as_o much_o snow_n fall_v as_o raise_v it_o 30_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n 9_o to_o what_o instance_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v we_o shall_v add_v that_o of_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n viz._n that_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 18_o fathom_n below_o water_n and_o ten_o above_o be_v very_o blue_a the_o like_a to_o which_o capt._n james_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o virgil_n speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n say_v caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concreta_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la 10._o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ice_n be_v observe_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n to_o be_v much_o less_o compact_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o same_o and_o also_o by_o mr._n james_n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n that_o when_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v they_o make_v a_o vast_a noise_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o and_o though_o olaus_n magnus_n attribute_n the_o cleave_v of_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o warm_a exhalation_n have_v upon_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o fly_v in_o piece_n upon_o excessive_a cold._n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xv_o title_n 1._o a_o decoction_n of_o sage_n rosemary_n and_o parsley_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o distinct_a vessel_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o former_a be_v very_o rough_a juice_n of_o lemon_n freeze_v represent_v tree_n without_o leave_n 2._o hard_a ice_n beat_v and_o common_a salt_n be_v mix_v together_o afford_v white_a fume_n like_o smoke_n though_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o close_a room_n snow-water_n freeze_v in_o ice_n and_o salt_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o transparent_a and_o with_o minute_n bubble_n 3._o ice_n partly_o powder_v and_o in_o part_n gross_o beat_v be_v mix_v with_o bay-salt_n when_o the_o mixture_n be_v stir_v afford_v a_o sensible_a smoke_n which_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o mixture_n be_v more_o or_o less_o stir_v and_o float_v over_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n rather_o sink_v than_o rise_v just_a as_o the_o fume_n do_v from_o a_o cloth_n dip_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la and_o hang_v up_o to_o dry_a 4._o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o be_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n that_o he_o supply_v himself_o with_o fresh_a water_n from_o the_o ice_n by_o dig_v pit_n in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o person_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v piece_n of_o ice_n 50_o fathom_v deep_a which_o be_v not_o above_o a_o ten_o part_n above_o water_n he_o likewise_o observe_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v 22_o degree_n and_o a_o little_a time_n after_o scarce_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o he_o tell_v i_o further_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 77_o degree_n his_o ship_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n till_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n and_o the_o ice_n open_v he_o fail_v through_o it_o part_v of_o it_o pass_v along_o towards_o hudson_n strait_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o mountain_n of_o ice_n much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v near_o they_o by_o a_o storm_n the_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o quash_v that_o they_o immediate_o find_v a_o calm_a title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n snow_n what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o

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as_o a_o cause_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_o otherwise_o explain_v since_o the_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o comparative_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o solve_v that_o phaenomenon_n and_o that_o the_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o so_o powerful_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o to_o have_v any_o effect_n on_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v evident_a since_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o have_v a_o well_o which_o remain_v unfreeze_v all_o winter_n so_o that_o by_o break_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o top_n they_o can_v get_v fresh_a water_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o a_o latin_a author_n that_o in_o or_o near_o the_o island_n hueena_n wherein_o the_o famous_a tycho_n build_v his_o vraniburgum_a there_o be_v one_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v in_o winter_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o near_o nidrosia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o norway_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n that_o in_o that_o northern_a region_n never_o freeze_v and_o josephus_n inform_v we_o of_o a_o hot_a spring_n in_o peru_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n issue_n out_o boil_v hot_a yet_o a_o spring_n which_o be_v just_a by_o it_o be_v cold_a as_o ice_n so_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n through_o which_o body_n flow_v may_v have_v a_o considerable_a stroke_n in_o alter_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o favour_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o reason_n why_o spring_n steam_v in_o the_o summer_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o our_o breath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o steam_n of_o issue_n be_v visible_a in_o the_o winter_n though_o not_o discernible_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o very_a steam_n of_o a_o labour_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o waistcoat_n whilst_o he_o be_v work_v and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o a_o river_n be_v very_o apparent_a in_o the_o evening_n though_o not_o discernible_a at_o 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be_v kill_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o it_o and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o near_o the_o city_n buda_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a spring_n that_o the_o river_n danubius_n be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v they_o cool_v and_o he_o tell_v we_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o river_n istroganum_n they_o may_v discover_v hot_a spring_n by_o remove_v the_o sand_n with_o their_o foot_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o credible_a witness_n that_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n there_o be_v a_o ditch_n which_o emit_v steam_n which_o be_v inflammable_a and_o probable_o there_o may_v be_v other_o place_n which_o emit_v such_o kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la and_o afford_v matter_n for_o fiery_a meteor_n and_o wind_n and_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o not_o only_o in_o muscovy_n a_o tract_n of_o water_n a_o mile_n long_o continue_v unfreeze_v when_o the_o rest_n be_v and_o emit_v hot_a steam_n but_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o lake_n veter_fw-la which_o thaw_v with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o river_n peking_n near_o china_n which_o thaw_v in_o one_o day_n begin_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o thaw_v upward_o and_o in_o these_o thaw_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v foretell_v by_o a_o great_a boil_a of_o the_o water_n first_o under_o the_o ice_n and_o that_o such_o effluvia_fw-la be_v detain_v from_o fly_v away_o and_o keep_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n appear_v further_o since_o in_o muscow_n when_o a_o cellar_n have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v when_o first_o the_o door_n be_v open_v the_o steam_n will_v affect_v the_o man_n so_o powerful_o as_o almost_o to_o suffocate_v they_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o retention_n of_o hot_a effluvia_fw-la depend_v on_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o on_o the_o disposition_n of_o hot_a vapour_n to_o fly_v away_o from_o their_o contrary_n since_o we_o see_v that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o disposition_n the_o vapour_n of_o a_o well_o rather_o disperse_v themselves_o in_o the_o air_n than_o fly_v away_o from_o it_o but_o to_o disprove_v the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n which_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n fix_v to_o one_o end_n of_o it_o have_v that_o end_n make_v red_a hot_a and_o quench_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o heat_n do_v not_o recede_v into_o the_o other_o end_n to_o avoid_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n but_o a_o more_o convince_a experiment_n be_v that_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o water_n when_o that_o glass_n be_v place_v in_o hot_a water_n the_o coldness_n of_o that_o in_o the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o weatherglass_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_n water_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o other_o it_o manifest_o rose_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o warm_a water_n in_o the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o cold_a water_n about_o that_o the_o heat_n be_v not_o more_o intense_a about_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o cold_a have_v diffuse_v itself_o through_o the_o warm_a water_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n subside_v postscript_n though_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o without_o reason_n explode_v yet_o i_o shall_v suspend_v my_o judgement_n whether_o cellar_n be_v warm_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n or_o not_o since_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n tell_v we_o that_o have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n 3_o year_n in_o a_o cellar_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o descend_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o another_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o know_v a_o well_o cold_o in_o summer_n than_o winter_n yet_o i_o be_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o observation_n universal_a since_o what_o have_v be_v say_v evince_n the_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v subject_a to_o vary_v in_o their_o temperature_n as_o the_o wether_n influence_n they_o yet_o subterraneal_a cavity_n than_o be_v very_o deep_o be_v neither_o hot_a or_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n or_o summer_n and_o though_o zucchius_n have_v undertake_v to_o measure_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o weather-glass_n yet_o since_o ordinary_a weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o it_o and_o since_o some_o place_n be_v full_a of_o subterraneal_a vapour_n than_o other_o and_o consequent_o the_o sudden_a ascent_n of_o exhalation_n may_v present_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o i_o think_v the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v by_o the_o

be_v to_o work_v upon_o contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n for_o i_o have_v see_v two_o tall_a drink_a glass_n so_o alter_v in_o their_o shape_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o lightning_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o little_a widen_v near_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o so_o far_o bend_v that_o it_o stand_v awry_o the_o beam_n of_o lightning_n be_v able_a in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n to_o melt_v glass_n though_o in_o glass_n furnace_n the_o fire_n be_v sometime_o before_o it_o can_v produce_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o once_o see_v lead_v melt_v by_o lightning_n which_o leave_v the_o glass_n unaffected_a and_o likewise_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n that_o be_v near_o it_o and_o though_o it_o leave_v these_o thing_n untouched_a yet_o it_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o a_o wall_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n by_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n that_o thunder_n either_o by_o give_v a_o determinate_a concussion_n to_o the_o air_n or_o transmit_v some_o effluvia_fw-la turn_v beer_n sour_a but_o have_v seal_v some_o up_o in_o glass_n hermetical_o the_o thunder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o affect_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o prevent_v beer_n from_o sour_v upon_o storm_n of_o thunder_n to_o place_v chafing-dish_n of_o coal_n under_o the_o barrel_n the_o sulphureous_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_n so_o alter_v as_o either_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o barrel_n or_o not_o able_a to_o alter_v the_o liquor_n another_o way_n by_o which_o considerable_a effect_n be_v cause_v by_o effluvia_fw-la be_v by_o exciting_a such_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o as_o to_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o act_n upon_o another_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v from_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o live_a one_o since_o some_o vigorous_a lodestone_n destroy_v the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o excite_v needle_n in_o a_o trice_n or_o give_v it_o a_o virticity_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a without_o touch_v it_o and_o these_o magnetical_a emission_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v very_a minute_n since_o they_o be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o iron_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o light_n one_o which_o will_v take_v up_o eighty_o time_n its_o weight_n but_o the_o chief_a instance_n i_o shall_v now_o insist_v on_o be_v those_o wrought_v upon_o animal_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o organ_n of_o smell_a be_v chief_o affect_v by_o such_o minute_n particle_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o fine_a odour_n consist_v of_o nor_o do_v they_o always_o affect_v we_o as_o odour_n since_o violent_a smell_n whether_o stink_a or_o sweet_a be_v able_a to_o cause_n very_o troublesome_a headache_n and_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o very_a please_a perfume_n may_v produce_v in_o a_o humane_a body_n which_o 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slight_a smell_n have_v prove_v offensive_a so_o it_o be_v not_o much_o less_o considerable_a that_o the_o smell_n of_o salarmoniack_a cure_v the_o headache_n beside_o the_o aforementioned_a effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la it_o be_v observe_v that_o woman_n have_v miscarry_v upon_o the_o stink_n of_o a_o candle_n careless_o extinguish_v and_o i_o not_o only_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o will_v vomit_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o coffee_n but_o a_o physician_n who_o will_v vomit_v and_o purge_v if_o he_o do_v but_o smell_n at_o electuarium_fw-la lenitivum_fw-la and_o i_o know_v another_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o grease_n which_o be_v about_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o hackney-coach_n will_v make_v sick_a and_o cause_n to_o vomit_v if_o it_o do_v but_o pass_v by_o he_o and_o not_o only_a smoke_n be_v offensive_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o lung_n but_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la upon_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v one_o of_o their_o effect_n on_o the_o humour_n for_o i_o know_v a_o apothecary_n who_o upon_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n have_v such_o a_o colliquation_n of_o humour_n in_o his_o head_n that_o they_o set_v he_o a_o cough_n make_v he_o run_v at_o the_o nose_n and_o give_v he_o a_o sore_a throat_n and_o also_o by_o a_o affluence_n of_o humour_n make_v his_o eye_n sore_o and_o as_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v enable_v to_o perform_v several_a thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o particular_a body_n so_o they_o may_v effect_v several_a thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o law_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o body_n by_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v render_v fit_a to_o be_v wrought_v on_o by_o light_a magnet_n the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n or_o some_o other_o catholic_n agent_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o to_o what_o instance_n have_v already_o be_v give_v of_o body_n work_v upon_o other_o place_v at_o a_o distance_n i_o may_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o contiguous_a body_n as_o bloodstone_n cornelian_o nephritick_n son_n lapis_fw-la malacensis_fw-la and_o some_o annulet_n and_o other_o solid_a substance_n external_o apply_v by_o physician_n as_o cantharides_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n though_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n have_v only_o distinguish_v the_o exhalation_n of_o this_o globe_n into_o those_o which_o he_o call_v fume_n and_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n he_o term_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o those_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o water_n which_o he_o call_v hot_a and_o moist_a in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o beside_o these_o slight_a difference_n since_o the_o earth_n contain_v several_a body_n which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o distinct_a atmosphere_n we_o may_v probable_o conceive_v they_o to_o have_v their_o distinct_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o even_o in_o fluid_a body_n heterogeneous_a part_n may_v swim_v which_o notwithstanding_o their_o fluidity_n may_v retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n since_o rock-allom_n and_o salt-petre_n be_v dissolve_v together_o in_o water_n upon_o a_o gentle_a evaporation_n will_v each_o of_o they_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o respective_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o that_o effluvia_fw-la retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n though_o so_o small_a as_o to_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n appear_v since_o upon_o their_o reunion_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o body_n that_o emit_v they_o as_o water_n raise_v in_o vapour_n condense_n again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o distillation_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v with_o a_o convenient_a fire_n will_v almost_o all_o be_v find_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o run_v mercury_n and_o if_o when_o chemist_n be_v either_o make_v a_o amalgama_n or_o force_v the_o mercury_n away_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fire_n they_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n in_o their_o mouth_n it_o will_v be_v white_a as_o if_o it_o be_v silver_v over_o and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o camphire_n sublime_v in_o close_a vessel_n unite_v into_o a_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o other_o and_o though_o a_o body_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o metal_n and_o another_o mineral_n and_o two_o or_o three_o salt_n yet_o upon_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o mixture_n from_o its_o grosser_n part_n if_o the_o remain_a and_o fine_a part_n be_v minute_n enough_o and_o fine_o shape_v the_o whole_o liquor_n will_v ascend_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o receiver_n altogether_o recover_v its_o pristine_a form_n of_o a_o transparent_a fluid_fw-la compose_v of_o differ_v saline_n and_o mineral_n part_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o distillation_n of_o butter_n or_o oil_n of_o antimony_n very_o well_o rectify_v for_o this_o liquor_n

in_o the_o latter_a the_o different_a substance_n concern_v in_o every_o new_a production_n be_v bring_v together_o by_o a_o artist_n for_o in_o both_o the_o agent_n act_v as_o a_o natural_a agent_n chap._n x._o a_o experiment_n with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o differ_a part_n and_o redintegration_n of_o salt-petre_n salt-petre_a be_v a_o concrete_a so_o universal_o concern_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o most_o body_n that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a import_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n to_o inquire_v thorough_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v by_o consider_v how_o many_o substance_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o it_o or_o turn_v into_o it_o which_o will_v be_v brief_o intimate_v in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n salt-petre_n a_o attempt_n to_o redintegrate_a the_o form_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a method_n crystalize_v nitre_n we_o melt_v four_o ounce_n of_o it_o in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n throw_v in_o live-coal_n successive_o till_o it_o will_v kindle_v and_o fulminate_v no_o long_o and_o continue_v it_o in_o a_o strong_a fire_n a_o considerable_a time_n to_o dissipate_v the_o remain_a volatile_a part_n and_o then_o break_v the_o crucible_n we_o divide_v the_o fix_a nitre_n immediate_o into_o two_o portion_n one_o of_o which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a we_o drop_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n till_o the_o ebullition_n raise_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o liquor_n whole_o cease_v and_o then_o filtrate_v the_o mix_v liquor_n we_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-viol_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n undissolve_v we_o likewise_o drop_v the_o same_o spirit_n till_o the_o firmentation_n cease_v expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-jar_a in_o the_o former_a mixture_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v put_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n certain_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n stick_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n among_o which_o be_v several_a other_o crystal_n like_o mustardseed_n encompass_v with_o a_o downy_a substance_n the_o crystal_n the_o next_o day_n be_v considerable_o great_a be_v take_v out_o and_o both_o by_o their_o burn_a and_o shape_n appear_v to_o be_v nitrous_a nitrous_a salt_n be_v furnish_v with_o flat_a side_n which_o when_o opposite_a be_v usualy_a parallel_n and_o as_o for_o that_o downy_a matter_n which_o adhere_v to_o some_o of_o they_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o fix_a part_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v to_o be_v join_v together_o anew_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v we_o pour_v the_o remain_a liquor_n into_o a_o open_a glass-vessel_n which_o in_o about_o three_o weaks-time_n be_v again_o saturate_v with_o petre_n we_o pour_v it_o from_o the_o salt_n and_o evaporate_v it_o in_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o other_o mixture_n which_o be_v only_o fix_v nitre_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n for_o the_o most_o part_n present_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o salt_n which_o when_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o very_o irregular_a figure_n and_o in_o some_o part_n not_o much_o different_a in_o shape_n from_o salt-petre_n which_o it_o also_o much_o resemble_v in_o burn_v though_o the_o deflagration_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o but_o this_o salt_n together_o with_o the_o liquor_n swim_v upon_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o air_n for_o about_o a_o month_n long_o after_o evaportion_n the_o one_o half_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o burn_v much_o like_o petre_n and_o have_v a_o similar_v figure_n though_o a_o different_a taste_n and_o the_o other_o half_a be_v speedy_o exhale_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o distinct_a figure_n from_o all_o other_o experiment_n caution_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n now_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n clear_a the_o follow_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o fix_v the_o nitre_n new-coal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o crucible_n till_o the_o former_a be_v almost_o spend_v or_o be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o violent_a exhalation_n of_o nitrous_a and_o volatile_a part_n 2._o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n drop_n '_o upon_o the_o fix_a nitre_n be_v almost_o proportionable_a to_o the_o salt-petre_n spend_v in_o the_o fix_v of_o it_o 3._o that_o this_o fix_a nitre_n be_v very_o little_a different_a in_o taste_n from_o salt_n of_o tartar_n have_v the_o same_o aptness_n to_o absorb_n air_n and_o to_o relaxate_v in_o moist_a air_n yet_o it_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v betwixt_o a_o blue_n and_o a_o green_a one_o which_o it_o lose_v upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n salt-petre_n another_o method_n of_o reunite_a the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o this_o method_n be_v tedious_a i_o shall_v propose_v a_o way_n more_o expedition_n which_o be_v this_o have_v run_v fix_v nitre_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o by_o filtration_n separate_v it_o from_o its_o face_n we_o drop_v upon_o the_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n which_o after_o a_o ferment_n usual_a to_o a_o mixture_n of_o those_o liquor_n present_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n in_o shape_n as_o well_o as_o nature_n manifest_o nitrous_a method_n a_o three_o method_n another_o way_n we_o take_v be_v this_o have_v impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n in_o water_n with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o filtrate_v it_o through_o cap-paper_n the_o cool_a liquor_n in_o a_o short_a time_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o petre_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v again_o evaporate_v afford_v a_o fresh_a quantity_n of_o crystal_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a but_o lest_o the_o sal-petre_n re-produced_a by_o the_o coalition_n of_o these_o two_o body_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o lodge_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n and_o only_o to_o be_v unyoke_v by_o their_o solution_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o annex_v that_o the_o great_a quantity_n that_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o that_o mixture_n afford_v and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n less_o suspicious_a we_o impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o fix_a nitre_n tartar_n salt-petre_n obtain_v from_o pot-ash_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o filtration_n and_o evaparation_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n which_o 0103_o 0207_o five_o 3_o be_v very_o like_o salt-petre_n in_o taste_n as_o well_o as_o their_o deflagration_n upon_o live-coal_n we_o likewise_o obtain_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o salt-petre_n from_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n associate_v but_o to_o draw_v inference_n from_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o body_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mechanical_a motion_n together_o with_o the_o figure_n and_o disposition_n or_o modification_n of_o their_o part_n and_o first_o though_o salt-petre_n be_v a_o body_n inward_o and_o in_o itself_o cool_a yet_o the_o part_n of_o it_o different_o modify_v in_o our_o experiment_n be_v put_v together_o do_v immediate_o put_v each_o other_o into_o so_o violent_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o can_v with_o much_o ado_n hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n so_o that_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o quick_a motion_n of_o the_o fine_a particle_n of_o body_n since_o it_o no_o long_o continue_v in_o that_o mixture_n than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o agitation_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o viz._n the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o fix_a there_o be_v likewise_o produce_v a_o audible_a sound_n proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o swift_o and_o impetuous_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n a_o sound_v like_a to_o which_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o hot_a coal_n cast_v into_o water_n or_o into_o melt_a nitre_n in_o a_o crucible_n though_o the_o latter_a cause_n a_o sound_n much_o loud_o which_o sound_v probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o bullet_n or_o a_o stick_n where_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o percussion_n put_v the_o air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n will_v cause_v a_o sound_n as_o soon_o as_o that_o undulate_a motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o that_o sound_v no_o long_o continue_v than_o the_o part_n be_v violent_o agitate_a and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sound_n produce_v by_o the_o mutual_a conflict_n cease_v long_o before_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v acquire_v by_o that_o ebullition_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o intestine_a motion_n of_o part_n which_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v incapable_a of_o cause_v

the_o liberty_n of_o unite_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o form_v crystal_n of_o a_o natural_a figure_n which_o guess_v be_v confirm_v because_o the_o crystal_n which_o shoot_v in_o water_n where_o they_o have_v room_n enough_o and_o a_o indifferent_a vehicle_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o those_o which_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o nitrous_a powder_n and_o saline_n spirit_n where_o they_o be_v force_v for_o want_v of_o room_n to_z cry_z stalize_v before_o they_o have_v time_n to_o convene_v after_o a_o manner_n requisite_a to_o make_v they_o of_o a_o natural_a figure_n and_o size_n but_o to_o proceed_v this_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o body_n divide_v into_o different_a substance_n by_o distillation_n may_v be_v again_o unite_v into_o a_o original_a concrete_a will_v be_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o convince_a instance_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o form_n and_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o essential_a modification_n of_o their_o part_n and_o that_o the_o 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into_o small_a part_n

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so_o preserve_v that_o body_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fluid_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n or_o of_o some_o interpose_a body_n concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o part_n of_o that_o in_o motion_n likewise_o and_o that_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n perpetual_o in_o a_o various_a motion_n will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o other_o some_o body_n more_o easy_o preserve_v fluid_a than_o other_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o motion_n be_v requisite_a to_o preserve_v some_o body_n in_o a_o fluid_a form_n than_o other_o be_v plain_a since_o several_a body_n will_v be_v freeze_v with_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a with_o which_o other_o will_v not_o and_o though_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o wine_n in_o some_o country_n will_v freeze_v yet_o the_o spirituous_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n remain_v untouched_a and_o though_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o help_n of_o good_a weather-glass_n that_o cold_a condense_n the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v 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their_o size_n contribute_v to_o tseir_v fluidity_n without_o the_o help_n of_o that_o noble_a alkahest_n which_o will_v render_v gross_a body_n whole_o liquid_a and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n that_o endue_v they_o with_o a_o disposition_n to_o fluidity_n but_o also_o their_o shape_v and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o have_v distil_v oil_n of_o olive_n in_o a_o glass-retort_n per_fw-la se_fw-la near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o it_o be_v coagulate_v in_o the_o receiver_n into_o a_o whitish_a substance_n not_o very_o much_o unlike_o butter_n where_o the_o distil_a substance_n which_o usual_o be_v fluid_a though_o draw_v from_o solid_a concretes_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o this_o experiment_n a_o consistent_a one_o yield_v by_o a_o liquid_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o liquid_a part_n be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o become_v unfit_a for_o motion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o fluidity_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o pour_v of_o sand_n corn_n flower_n apple_n walnut_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o a_o sack_n that_o that_o aggregate_v of_o body_n who_o part_n be_v the_o least_o appear_v most_o like_a liquid_n and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o whites_n of_o egg_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o whisk_n present_o lose_v their_o clamminess_n and_o viscidity_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n their_o part_n be_v break_v asunder_o and_o more_o minutely_o divide_v and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o that_o jelly_n which_o be_v by_o the_o vulgar_a thought_n to_o fall_v from_o a_o star_n by_o be_v a_o long_a time_n digest_v in_o a_o well-stopped_a glass_n become_v a_o permanent_a liquor_n again_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v cast_v in_o mould_v and_o to_o receive_v the_o curious_a and_o fine_a impression_n of_o hair-line_n the_o metal_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v pour_v in_o very_o hot_a but_o to_o be_v keep_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o fusion_n before_o it_o be_v thin_a enough_o to_o run_v into_o those_o line_n and_o to_o take_v exact_a impression_n of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n already_o fluid_a may_v become_v more_o fluid_a and_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o other_o body_n as_o turpentine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o what_o helinont_a assert_n of_o the_o liquor_n alkahest_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o it_o will_v turn_v all_o substance_n whether_o mineral_n metal_n plant_n or_o animal_n into_o a_o fluid_a substance_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n with_o each_o other_o than_o it_o follow_v that_o to_o divide_v a_o body_n into_o part_n small_a enough_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o to_o this_o i_o must_v add_v that_o considerable_a change_n may_v be_v effect_v mere_o by_o a_o long_a digestion_n in_o vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o place_v in_o a_o convenient_a heat_n 2._o the_o second_o requisite_a to_o constitute_v a_o fluid_a body_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v considerable_a vacuity_n or_o pore_n betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o fluidity_n porousness_n in_o body_n requisite_a to_o their_o fluidity_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o space_n the_o part_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n will_v not_o have_v space_n to_o continue_v it_o in_o nor_o can_v one_o particle_n by_o the_o impulse_n of_o another_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a here_o to_o note_n that_o by_o space_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o mean_a vacuity_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o substance_n betwixt_o they_o which_o will_v obstruct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a part_n this_o caution_n be_v premise_v i_o shall_v to_o illustrate_v this_o second_o requisite_a observe_v that_o snow_n which_o be_v of_o a_o open_a and_o slight_a texture_n before_o it_o be_v compress_v may_v soon_o be_v squeeze_v into_o so_o close_a and_o compact_a a_o lump_n as_o to_o resist_v a_o very_a strong_a pressure_n the_o air_n which_o before_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v press_v out_o again_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o water_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o bladder_n and_o want_v its_o liberty_n to_o move_v in_o a_o yield_n and_o free_a medium_fw-la the_o part_n thus_o confine_v together_o resist_v impression_n like_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o this_o experiment_n i_o the_o rather_o make_v use_n of_o than_o a_o bladder_n distend_v with_o air_n because_o the_o distension_n of_o that_o may_v partly_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air._n fluidity_n how_o such_o vacuity_n contribute_v of_o fluidity_n but_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v

have_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o whence_o some_o fluid_a body_n who_o part_n be_v not_o adapt_v so_o as_o to_o adhere_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n want_v that_o quality_n as_o quicksilver_n which_o slip_v over_o the_o surface_v of_o most_o body_n without_o stick_v to_o they_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o as_o gold_n or_o tin_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v fluid_fw-la since_o inasmuch_o as_o it_o dissolve_v they_o it_o have_v much_o the_o same_o virtue_n as_o liquid_n have_v in_o soften_a other_o substance_n and_o that_o humidity_n depend_v on_o a_o apt_a configuration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o their_o congruity_n with_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n be_v further_a evident_a since_o water_n itself_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o body_n be_v not_o moist_a as_o the_o feather_n of_o swan_n duck_n etc._n etc._n add_v to_o this_o that_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o when_o the_o texture_n of_o a_o liquor_n be_v change_v it_o may_v 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the_o sunbeam_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o in_o clear_a sunshine_a day_n we_o may_v perceive_v on_o the_o wall_n of_o church_n and_o other_o spacious_a building_n certain_a obscure_a shade_n to_o quiver_n and_o tremble_v and_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o further_a instance_n in_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o fusion_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n leave_v in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n will_v dissolve_v and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o a_o clear_a liquor_n by_o imbibe_v the_o moistness_n of_o the_o circumambient_a air_n which_o penetrate_v and_o get_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o salt_n by_o a_o intestine_a and_o powerful_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_a that_o if_o in_o summer_n cold_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n the_o moist_a vapour_n which_o move_v about_o it_o will_v be_v condense_v on_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o dew_n those_o moist_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v by_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n successive_o drive_v upon_o the_o external_n superficies_n of_o it_o in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o these_o relation_n be_v the_o less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o so_o weighty_a a_o body_n as_o lead_v may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o proper_a vessel_n place_v in_o a_o convenient_a furnace_n which_o smoke_n will_v be_v soon_o scatter_v and_o disperse_v by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o aerial_a particle_n and_o this_o experiment_n do_v not_o only_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o air_n be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n but_o also_o how_o much_o the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o contribute_v to_o their_o fluidity_n and_o though_o quicksilver_n much_o exceed_v any_o other_o body_n in_o weight_n except_o gold_n yet_o it_o be_v minute_n part_n agitate_a and_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n will_n like_o other_o small_a particle_n of_o matter_n glide_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o air_n whence_o it_o have_v oftentime_o happen_v that_o in_o evaporate_n of_o it_o several_a piece_n of_o gold_n have_v be_v so_o whiten_v over_o with_o the_o fume_n of_o it_o as_o not_o to_o be_v get_v off_o again_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n but_o to_o make_v it_o almost_o visible_a that_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n be_v perpetual_o in_o a_o various_o determine_v motion_n mix_v a_o solution_n of_o unrefined_a silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la with_o 15_o time_n its_o proportion_n of_o fair_a water_n decant_v or_o filtrate_v the_o clear_a mixture_n in_o which_o liquor_n the_o part_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o discern_v though_o upon_o immerge_v a_o copperplate_n into_o it_o the_o particle_n of_o that_o 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successive_o strike_v against_o the_o spelter_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o silver_n behind_o to_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v add_v another_o which_o i_o have_v long_o since_o try_v when_o first_o i_o begin_v to_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o fluidity_n i_o drop_v then_o into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n moderate_o deflegm_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n let_v it_o fall_v so_o far_o that_o it_o may_v by_o the_o force_n of_o it_o be_v break_v into_o small_a drop_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenacity_n be_v unapt_a to_o mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n will_v swim_v upon_o it_o and_o be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o various_o and_o irregular_o by_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o strike_v against_o they_o in_o their_o ascension_n and_o whilst_o these_o spirituous_a part_n continue_v to_o exhale_v it_o be_v

pleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o the_o globous_a part_n of_o the_o oil_n will_v sometime_o be_v gather_v together_o and_o almost_o unite_v and_o present_o after_o be_v again_o disperse_v abroad_o and_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o among_o one_o another_o and_o this_o motion_n will_v continue_v till_o the_o most_o agile_a and_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v whole_o spend_v and_o lest_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o oily_a part_n shall_v be_v suspect_v to_o arise_v from_o some_o antipathy_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o liquor_n i_o try_v the_o experiment_n with_o small_a chopped_a straw_n which_o be_v likewise_o impetuous_o and_o confuse_o move_v up_o and_o down_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o spirit_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o intestine_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o liquid_a substance_n though_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n i_o may_v here_o reckon_v up_o a_o great_a many_o more_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o experiment_n but_o it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o take_v notice_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v that_o some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a spirit_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v to_o try_v whether_o the_o oily_a drop_n will_v continue_v their_o motion_n when_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n can_v not_o exhale_v the_o vessel_n be_v present_o break_v without_o any_o force_n otherwise_o discernible_a than_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o most_o weighty_a liquor_n be_v actual_o in_o a_o continual_a motion_n may_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v go_v before_o but_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v since_o quicksilver_n will_v not_o only_o penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n but_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o so_o solid_a a_o metal_n as_o foliate_v gold_n and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n though_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o extract_v tincture_n from_o several_a body_n and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o the_o corrosive_a quality_n of_o it_o which_o it_o powerful_o exert_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o heat_n not_o only_o in_o corrode_a metal_n but_o if_o piece_n of_o camphire_n be_v throw_v into_o it_o they_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o a_o oily_a substance_n and_o whoever_o be_v unwilling_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o intestine_a motion_n of_o part_n in_o these_o two_o oil_n may_v easy_o be_v undeceive_v by_o the_o heat_n and_o ebullition_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o they_o agitate_a together_o in_o a_o glass_n but_o here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o though_o it_o be_v a_o essential_a property_n of_o fluid_a body_n that_o one_o particle_n ready_o give_v way_n to_o another_o and_o that_o the_o other_o be_v as_o apt_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o interchangeable_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v of_o all_o fluid_a body_n in_o general_n but_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v either_o simple_a and_o homogeneous_a or_o as_o have_v a_o aptitude_n to_o mix_v with_o each_o other_o as_o wine_n and_o water_n since_o there_o be_v some_o liquid_a body_n which_o will_v not_o be_v mix_v together_o but_o like_o compact_a substance_n resist_v the_o impression_n of_o each_o other_o superficies_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o lucretius_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a atomist_n shall_v overlook_v so_o obvious_a a_o observation_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a in_o oil_n which_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n but_o more_o eminent_o in_o quicksilver_n which_o deny_v to_o mix_v any_o of_o those_o liquor_n which_o be_v familiar_a among_o they_o but_o to_o add_v a_o experiment_n which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a have_v so_o prepare_v and_o open_v the_o body_n of_o copper_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a as_o to_o render_v the_o prepare_a mineral_n inflammable_a i_o apply_v some_o grain_n of_o it_o to_o the_o wiek_n of_o a_o candle_n by_o the_o force_n of_o who_o flame_n it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o carry_v up_o along_o with_o the_o tallow_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o flame_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o be_v both_o last_a and_o as_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o candle_n as_o if_o the_o two_o flame_n have_v be_v separate_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o some_o other_o body_n other_o why_o some_o liquid_n be_v unapt_a to_o mix_v with_o each_o other_o but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o unaptness_n of_o liquor_n to_o mix_v with_o one_o another_o the_o reason_n in_o general_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o particular_a texture_n and_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o their_o part_n and_o this_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o induce_v to_o believe_v because_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v by_o the_o moistness_n of_o the_o air_n into_o a_o liquid_a form_n will_v ready_o mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o texture_n be_v only_o change_v by_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n though_o before_o they_o both_o have_v their_o distinct_a superficies_n and_o though_o mix_v by_o a_o violent_a motion_n yet_o will_v present_o separate_v again_o and_o each_o regain_v its_o former_a position_n and_o oil_n or_o spirit_n of_o turpentine_n gentle_o draw_v off_o from_o sea-salt_n melt_v or_o well_o decrepitate_v will_v ready_o mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o that_o oil_n and_o another_o which_o will_v not_o again_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n digest_v for_o some_o time_n with_o oil_n of_o almond_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o soft_a saponary_a substance_n though_o by_o a_o strong_a agitation_n lixivial_a liquor_n can_v be_v mix_v with_o oil_n moreover_o though_o cold_a quicksilver_n will_v not_o mix_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o the_o boil_a oil_n will_v by_o pierce_v its_o substance_n both_o altar_n and_o incorporate_v with_o it_o figure_n the_o superficies_n of_o liquid_n by_o press_v one_o against_o another_o give_v each_o other_o a_o determinate_a figure_n there_o remain_v one_o thing_n yet_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v the_o difference_n in_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v that_o some_o of_o they_o which_o will_v touch_v each_o other_o superficies_n without_o mixture_n will_v also_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o determinate_a shape_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v pour_v upon_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la though_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o both_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n yet_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o visible_a concavity_n if_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o slender_a glass_n unstop_v in_o which_o liquor_n it_o may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o almond_n it_o present_o separate_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o almond_n contiguous_a to_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v level_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o if_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o almond_n it_o will_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a portion_n some_o of_o which_o swim_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v be_v of_o a_o globular_a figure_n and_o other_o which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v partly_o level_v with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o partly_o spherical_a on_o the_o immersed_a superficies_n and_o it_o may_v be_v yet_o further_o observe_v that_o some_o globular_a part_n will_v though_o the_o liquor_n be_v shake_v continual_o swim_v upon_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o only_o in_o a_o point_n but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o several_a drop_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n fall_v into_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n lay_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n like_v so_o many_o hemisphere_n their_o convex_a superficies_n be_v upward_o yet_o by_o degree_n they_o become_v globular_a be_v equal_o press_v on_o every_o side_n and_o touch_v the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n only_o in_o a_o point_n and_o these_o experiment_n i_o have_v the_o rather_o recite_v because_o they_o be_v add_v to_o that_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o suspending_a mercury_n in_o the_o air_n by_o admit_v air_n into_o the_o glass_n tube_n so_o as_o to_o separate_v the_o mercurial_a pipe_n into_o several_a short_a one_o which_o will_v have_v on_o each_o side_n a_o superficies_n something_o convex_a because_o i_o say_v they_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o account_v for_o the_o different_a configuration_n of_o fluid_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o distinct_a superficies_n of_o

those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n

we_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o manifest_o alter_v by_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o the_o mercury_n seem_v sometime_o to_o be_v a_o little_a more_o protuberant_a especial_o when_o the_o exhaust_v air_n be_v let_v in_o with_o any_o celerity_n but_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v observable_a be_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o the_o mercury_n and_o how_o much_o those_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o mention_a phaenomenon_n we_o leave_v other_o to_o try_v again_o have_v convey_v another_o cylinder_n into_o our_o receiver_n which_o contain_v a_o oil_n who_o superficies_n when_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o be_v convex_a we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o the_o oil_n lose_v its_o protuberant_a nor_o the_o water_n it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v appear_v what_o effect_n the_o pure_a aether_n will_v have_v upon_o such_o body_n be_v they_o remove_v out_o of_o this_o atmosphere_n experiment_n x._o though_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o scatter_a fluid_n and_o of_o condense_a vapour_n be_v usual_o globulous_a yet_o those_o observation_n be_v too_o transient_a to_o deduce_v from_o they_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o i_o may_v observe_v something_o more_o remarkable_a have_v mix_v fix_v nitre_n dissolve_v into_o a_o liquor_n by_o run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o exact_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o find_v that_o those_o two_o liquor_n though_o shake_v together_o will_v retain_v distinct_a surface_n i_o drop_v oil_n into_o the_o spirit_n which_o gradual_o subside_v till_o it_o touch_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v wine_n phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i._o that_o if_o the_o drop_n be_v small_a they_o retain_v a_o exact_a spherical_a figure_n be_v neither_o depress_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n nor_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n the_o oil_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ii_o if_o a_o aggregate_v of_o drop_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v depress_v the_o low_a so_o much_o as_o to_o form_v a_o plain_a on_o that_o side_n contiguous_a to_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o horizontal_a exceed_v the_o transverse_a diameter_n in_o length_n iii_o and_o if_o the_o quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v great_a it_o will_v so_o depress_v the_o low_a part_n as_o to_o form_v a_o imperfect_a hemisphere_n the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o have_v its_o plain_a and_o horizontal_a superficies_n parallel_n to_o that_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n iu._n but_o if_o the_o oil_n pour_v in_o be_v moderate_a as_o to_o quantity_n though_o at_o the_o first_o it_o will_v spread_v over_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitre_n yet_o by_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v compress_v and_o be_v so_o raise_v as_o to_o form_v either_o a_o hemisphere_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o a_o segment_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o even_o of_o a_o imperfect_a ellipsis_n to_o the_o production_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v v._o though_o these_o globule_n of_o oil_n will_v sometime_o ready_o mix_v and_o associate_v when_o bring_v together_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o will_v make_v a_o impression_n into_o one_o another_o without_o unite_n and_o again_o recover_v their_o former_a figure_n when_o permit_v to_o separate_v vi_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o if_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o spirit_n the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v acquire_v various_a figure_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n and_o if_o the_o agitation_n be_v strong_a several_a part_n be_v break_v off_o will_v form_v as_o many_o aggregate_n of_o a_o globular_a figure_n experiment_n xi_o turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v put_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o oil_n one_o of_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o turpentine_n into_o other_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o light_a oil_n will_v separate_v from_o the_o heavy_a with_o which_o it_o be_v incorporate_v i_o find_v that_o though_o it_o answer_v not_o my_o expectation_n yet_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o either_o of_o the_o oil_n be_v prevalent_a the_o mixture_n will_v either_o sink_v or_o swim_v in_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o to_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o when_o part_n of_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o part_n adhere_v to_o the_o glass_n the_o superficies_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v of_o figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a to_o be_v describe_v experiment_n xii_o exhibit_v several_a colour_n exhibit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v very_o clear_a it_o will_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v where_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v contiguous_a they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o mass_n except_o some_o dust_n swim_v upon_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a fall_n oblique_o upon_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o have_v pour_v a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o oil_n upon_o a_o deliquation_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n tinge_v with_o cochinele_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o hold_v the_o mixture_n in_o a_o certain_a position_n the_o plain_a superficies_n not_o only_o various_o refract_v the_o incident_a beam_n of_o light_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v several_a vivid_v reflection_n but_o the_o plain_a superficies_n appear_v almost_o as_o convex_a as_o that_o of_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o almost_o as_o strong_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n as_o a_o close_a specular_a body_n usual_o do_v which_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o alkali_fw-la altogether_o but_o may_v partly_o from_o the_o concurrent_a action_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o i_o observe_v to_o contribute_v to_o refraction_n when_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o endeavour_v to_o determine_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forementioned_a phaenomena_n but_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v observe_v first_o that_o neither_o the_o confine_a plain_n which_o separate_v these_o two_o liquor_n nor_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o red_a colour_n which_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n acquire_v second_o the_o liquor_n be_v chafe_v the_o uppermost_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o froth_n consist_v of_o body_n imperfect_o globular_a which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n will_v form_v a_o rude_a physical_a plain_n the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o which_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n very_o brisk_o and_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o froth_n become_v a_o little_o fine_a they_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n polish_a or_o a_o copper_n plate_n fresh_o immerse_v in_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o which_o phaenomena_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n that_o the_o confine_a surface_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a oil_n upon_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o a_o little_a strong_o reflective_a most_o of_o these_o phaenomena_n before_o mention_v be_v afford_v by_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o lemon_n instead_o of_o the_o former_a except_o that_o the_o reflection_n be_v not_o so_o brisk_a experiment_n fourteen_o aniseed_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n have_v pour_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n dissolve_v by_o a_o moderate_a warmth_n upon_o warm_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o viol_n i_o find_v that_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a though_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v very_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o when_o it_o have_v be_v remove_v for_o some_o time_n into_o a_o cold_a place_n so_o that_o the_o oil_n may_v be_v coagulate_v the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v something_o less_o protuberant_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o resemble_v a_o concavo-convex-glass_n make_v use_v of_o for_o dioptrical_a purpose_n experiment_n xv._o it_o be_v not_o only_o observable_a in_o the_o former_a liquor_n that_o the_o oil_n cause_v a_o much_o more_o vivid_v reflection_n in_o a_o fluid_fw-la than_o consistent_a form_n but_o it_o

may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o even_o the_o shine_v reflection_n of_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o liquor_n for_o if_o distil_v mercury_n be_v put_v into_o a_o viol_n and_o petroleum_n be_v gentle_o pour_v upon_o it_o the_o reflection_n will_v be_v sensible_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o that_o liquor_n but_o whether_o that_o reflection_n proceed_v from_o some_o subtle_a body_n include_v betwixt_o the_o petrloeum_n and_o the_o mercury_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v only_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o body_n include_v it_o may_v much_o contribute_v to_o such_o a_o phaenomenon_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o once_o see_v a_o transparent_a body_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o true_a oriental_a pearl_n in_o it_o but_o upon_o the_o break_v of_o it_o that_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o pearl_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o cavity_n contain_v a_o substance_n something_o grosser_n than_o air_n and_o i_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o glass_n by_o i_o which_o have_v air_n include_v in_o a_o cavity_n of_o a_o pearl-like_a shape_n which_o cause_v such_o a_o vivid_n reflection_n as_o to_o resemble_v a_o fair_a pearl_n and_o i_o be_o master_n of_o a_o small_a stone_n which_o look_v upon_o in_o one_o hand_n direct_o down_o seem_v to_o be_v like_o common_a glass_n but_o if_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n in_o another_o posture_n fall_v upon_o it_o oblique_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o fine_a opal_n or_o oriental_a pearl_n experiment_n xvi_o boyliano_fw-it a_o experiment_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v melt_v a_o gummy_a substance_n in_o a_o deep_a round_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o convey_v it_o into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n upon_o extract_v the_o air_n we_o find_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o gummy_a substance_n to_o rise_v in_o bubble_n several_a of_o which_o settle_v at_o the_o top_n and_o other_o be_v detain_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o cooling_n of_o that_o substance_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o gummy_a substance_n do_v not_o only_o cause_v a_o considerable_a reflection_n but_o also_o the_o air_n be_v so_o rarify_v in_o they_o that_o upon_o the_o intro-admission_n of_o external_a air_n into_o the_o receiver_n those_o bubble_n which_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n and_o adorn_v with_o curious_a colour_n like_o those_o of_o a_o rainbow_n be_v present_o break_v experiment_n xvii_o and_o xviii_o oil_n of_o water_n include_v in_o oil_n though_o it_o be_v usual_o think_v that_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v spherical_a in_o fall_v rain_n yet_o since_o hail_v which_o be_v nothing_o but_o drop_n of_o water_n freeze_v and_o often_o of_o a_o figure_n different_a from_o orbicular_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v concern_v their_o figure_n we_o convey_v several_a portion_n of_o water_n into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o find_v that_o one_o which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o pea_n be_v so_o near_o a_o orbicular_a figure_n as_o to_o approach_v a_o elliptical_a one_o and_o other_o portion_n of_o water_n which_o be_v large_a be_v somewhat_o elliptical_a but_o rather_o more_o depress_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o these_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o those_o portion_n of_o water_n which_o be_v only_o contiguous_a to_o the_o oil_n and_o air._n experiment_n xix_o have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o oil_n of_o clove_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n i_o observe_v that_o water_n be_v encompass_v betwixt_o these_o two_o heterogeneous_a body_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o clove_n be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a protuberant_a and_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v but_o moderate_o convex_a experiment_n xx._n aniseed_n of_o coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n to_o try_v whether_o fluid_a body_n will_v retain_v their_o smooth_a surface_n when_o reduce_v to_o a_o solid_a form_n i_o leave_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n to_o coagulate_v upon_o water_n and_o find_v that_o that_o superficies_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v next_o the_o water_n have_v each_o a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o roughness_n experiment_n xxi_o have_v expose_v one_o portion_n of_o water_n to_o be_v freeze_v with_o oil_n of_o juniper_n upon_o it_o and_o another_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o find_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o be_v under_o each_o have_v a_o different_a and_o peculiar_a surface_n a_o variety_n of_o surface_n may_v likewise_o be_v observe_v upon_o several_a freeze_a liquor_n which_o abound_v with_o water_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o in_o a_o red_a decoction_n of_o soot_n of_o wood_n set_v to_o freeze_v crystal_n shape_v like_o dagger_n curious_o emboss_v as_o well_o as_o fringe_v at_o the_o end_n experiment_n xxii_o and_o beside_o the_o irregular_a surface_n of_o a_o freeze_a liquor_n contiguous_a to_o a_o heterogenous_a body_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o superficies_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o liquid_a part_n be_v very_o unequal_a with_o several_a asperity_n experiment_n xxiii_o and_o not_o only_o body_n which_o be_v natural_o fluid_a but_o those_o bring_v to_o fusion_n by_o art_n acquire_v various_a suface_n upon_o their_o put_v on_o of_o a_o solid_a form_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o regulus_n martis_n stellatus_fw-la and_o a_o regulus_n of_o antimony_n without_o mars_n curious_a embossment_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o star_n but_o if_o to_o these_o body_n copper_n be_v artificial_o add_v they_o acquire_v new_a surface_n sometime_o resemble_v a_o net_n and_o i_o have_v now_o by_o i_o a_o mass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n contiguous_a to_o each_o other_o which_o when_o separate_v the_o low_a part_n have_v upon_o its_o upper_a side_n a_o great_a many_o protuberance_n and_o the_o conical_a part_n on_o its_o superficies_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o that_o be_v furnish_v with_o cavity_n answerable_a to_o and_o adapt_v to_o receive_v those_o protuberance_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o more_o metalline_a part_n which_o be_v emboss_v with_o those_o protubetance_n be_v first_o harden_v and_o the_o other_o more_o scorious_a and_o recrementitious_a part_n be_v afterward_o adapt_v in_o its_o coagulation_n to_o the_o protuberance_n of_o that_o which_o will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xiii_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o firmness_n although_o the_o compactness_n and_o solidity_n of_o body_n be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o coagulate_a quality_n of_o a_o saline_a ingredient_n by_o the_o chemist_n yet_o since_o their_o explication_n be_v not_o intelligible_a i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o inquire_v after_o another_o cause_n first_o then_o the_o solidity_n of_o a_o body_n be_v a_o quality_n contrary_n to_o fluidity_n solidity_n a_o definition_n of_o solidity_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o gross_a part_n of_o solid_a body_n be_v so_o entangle_v and_o interweave_v together_o that_o they_o be_v unapt_a to_o diffuse_v themselves_o several_a way_n like_o fluid_a body_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o superficies_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o connection_n of_o the_o part_n that_o compose_v they_o than_o to_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a body_n in_o which_o definition_n these_o three_o thing_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o solidity_n viz._n grossness_n of_o part_n rest_v and_o the_o implication_n of_o the_o constituent_a part_n solidity_n the_o grossness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n contribute_v to_o its_o solidity_n and_o first_o that_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n contribute_v to_o the_o solidity_n of_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o fluidity_n for_o if_o minuteness_n of_o part_n be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n as_o fluidity_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o inaptitude_n that_o be_v in_o grosser_n matter_n to_o be_v put_v in_o motion_n must_v be_v a_o further_a argument_n that_o the_o grossness_n of_o particle_n be_v conducive_a to_o firmness_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o by_o grossness_n or_o minuteness_n of_o part_n i_o will_v

again_o without_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o four_o ounce_n and_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o valve_n be_v raise_v high_a and_o high_o in_o the_o cucurbite_n a_o weight_n portionable_o less_o be_v sufficient_a to_o open_v it_o in_o which_o experiment_n if_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la resist_v the_o open_n of_o the_o valve_n it_o will_v have_v require_v the_o same_o weight_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n as_o in_o the_o bottom_n the_o valve_n be_v in_o both_o place_n under_o water_n and_o therefore_o the_o difference_n rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o compressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n that_o press_v the_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n together_o and_o though_o air_n be_v a_o body_n much_o more_o light_a than_o water_n yet_o consider_v that_o the_o difference_n be_v but_o about_o as_o much_o as_o 1000_o to_o 1_o and_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o our_o atmosphaere_n be_v incumbent_a upon_o each_o other_o for_o several_a score_n miles_n in_o height_n it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o expect_v that_o their_o pressure_n shall_v be_v considerable_a and_o sufficient_a to_o press_v the_o two_o marble_n together_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o doctrine_n of_o firmness_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o experiment_n which_o be_v that_o have_v suspend_v the_o aforementioned_a coherent_a marble_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n when_o the_o air_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o low_a present_o fall_v from_o it_o and_o though_o the_o uppermost_a be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v raise_v till_o fresh_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o glass_n again_o and_o then_o they_o be_v again_o press_v strong_o together_o and_o become_v coherent_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n rest_n rest_v itself_o for_o the_o most_o part_n sufficient_a to_o cause_v rest_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o discourse_n from_o which_o these_o experiment_n have_v make_v a_o digression_n though_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v so_o join_v body_n together_o as_o to_o make_v they_o coherent_a yet_o general_o rest_v itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v a_o substance_n solid_a for_o since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v say_v above_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o motion_n of_o minute_n part_v one_o among_o another_o to_o deprive_v matter_n of_o that_o motion_n be_v enough_o to_o render_v it_o solid_a the_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a be_v contiguous_a and_o at_o rest_n refute_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o ancient_n and_o modern_n brief_o refute_v i_o know_v it_o be_v by_o all_o philospher_n whether_o modern_a or_o ancient_a usual_o hold_v that_o there_o be_v something_o else_o requisite_a to_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o a_o stable_a body_n together_o for_o some_o hold_n that_o a_o substantial_a form_n be_v requisite_a but_o since_o it_o be_v equal_o as_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o matter_n shall_v be_v so_o various_o unite_v in_o several_a substance_n by_o a_o substantial_a form_n as_o without_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o fly_v to_o imaginary_a substance_n which_o be_v unite_v by_o their_o peculiar_a texture_n other_o think_v that_o the_o particle_n of_o solid_a body_n be_v link_v together_o by_o a_o spirit_n diffuse_v throughout_o the_o world_n or_o by_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o glue_n which_o glew_v their_o small_a corpuscle_n together_o but_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v altogether_o unlikely_a for_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o question_n how_o those_o part_n stick_v to_o the_o spirit_n as_o how_o they_o stick_v to_o one_o another_z themselves_o and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o the_o particle_n of_o that_o spirit_n itself_o come_v to_o be_v fasten_v together_o beside_o be_v that_o true_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o ice_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o body_n void_a of_o spirit_n must_v abound_v with_o it_o since_o the_o part_n of_o that_o brittle_a substance_n can_v not_o be_v join_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o be_v not_o betwixt_o they_o nor_o be_v it_o more_o reasonable_a to_o suppose_v they_o join_v by_o a_o cement_n since_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v ask_v how_o the_o part_n of_o that_o cement_n be_v link_v together_o which_o shall_v it_o be_v affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o substance_n yet_o fine_a the_o question_n may_v still_o be_v continue_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o will_v at_o last_o be_v allow_v that_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n must_v adhere_v without_o a_o cement_n or_o there_o must_v be_v cement_v fine_a one_o than_o another_o ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la which_o since_o it_o can_v be_v allow_v we_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n adhere_v without_o a_o gross_a cement_n as_o that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o subtle_a cement_n can_v stick_v together_o without_o another_o substance_n to_o cement_v they_o especial_o since_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o a_o body_n may_v 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the_o button_n i_o lute_v on_o a_o receiver_n to_o prevent_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n yet_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o watch_n may_v be_v percive_v by_o hold_v one_o ear_n over_o that_o place_n where_o the_o watch_n be_v suspend_v and_o i_o have_v often_o feel_v not_o only_o the_o strike_n of_o a_o watch_n include_v in_o a_o double_a case_n when_o i_o have_v wear_v it_o in_o my_o pocket_n but_o even_o the_o gentle_a motion_n of_o the_o balance_n to_o the_o foregoing_a instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o upon_o sudden_a clap_n of_o thunder_n the_o very_a bed_n have_v be_v perceive_v to_o shake_v by_o those_o that_o lay_v upon_o they_o and_o agricola_n de_fw-fr nat._n eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la fluunt_fw-la è_fw-la terra_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o say_v si_fw-mi animal_n deijicitur_fw-la in_o antrum_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la in_o carelia_n region_fw-la scandiae_fw-la erumpit_fw-la ut_fw-la perhibent_fw-la sonus_fw-la intolerabilis_fw-la magno_fw-la 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by_o a_o tarantula_n who_o upon_o the_o play_v of_o a_o peculiar_a tune_n be_v compel_v to_o dance_v as_o long_o as_o it_o continue_v though_o other_o tune_n have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o they_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o relation_n be_v confirm_v both_o by_o epiphanius_n ferdinandus_n and_o several_a other_o and_o i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o one_o who_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o certain_a lady_n can_v not_o forbear_v weep_v when_o she_o hear_v a_o particular_a tune_n play_v and_o i_o have_v find_v several_a time_n a_o sort_n of_o chillness_n upon_o myself_o upon_o the_o repetition_n of_o two_o verse_n in_o lucan_n especial_o when_o i_o have_v be_v any_o thing_n feverish_a to_o which_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a effect_n of_o languid_a motion_n may_v be_v add_v what_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la the_o ray_n of_o light_n cause_v those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o dark_a place_n present_o to_o sneeze_v and_o colour_n which_o be_v but_o several_a modification_n of_o light_n have_v not_o less_o considerable_a effect_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o influence_n red_a cloth_n have_v upon_o turkey-cock_n and_o the_o learned_a valesius_fw-la

influence_n of_o these_o catholic_n and_o unheeded_a agent_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o presume_v undeniable_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o till_o a_o hammer_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v strike_v upon_o a_o wedge_n it_o want_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o cleave_a wood_n but_o when_o force_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o that_o body_n which_o strike_v upon_o it_o the_o wedge_n present_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o that_o solid_a and_o divide_v they_o as_o also_o that_o a_o knife_n be_v altogether_o unable_a to_o attract_v a_o needle_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v that_o power_n from_o a_o loadstone_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n i_o shall_v to_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v viz._n that_o the_o property_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o effect_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o convex_a figure_n consider_v as_o such_o but_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n cast_v 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ignition_n i_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v with_o one_o end_n direct_v either_o north_n or_o southwards_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o some_o measure_n out_o of_o a_o vial_n with_o a_o oblong_a neck_n and_o upon_o its_o immersion_n in_o water_n one_o finger_n which_o prevent_v the_o retroadmission_n of_o the_o air_n be_v present_o take_v away_o the_o water_n will_v contrary_v to_o the_o tendency_n of_o its_o own_o gravity_n present_o fly_v up_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v squeeze_v in_o by_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v so_o weaken_v as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v the_o force_n of_o it_o whereas_o in_o a_o vacuo_fw-la the_o water_n will_v not_o be_v so_o raise_v have_v no_o external_a agent_n to_o boy_n it_o up_o water_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o bean_n soak_v with_o water_n again_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o germination_n and_o from_o what_o cause_n that_o powerful_a intumescence_n of_o seed_n when_o sow_o proceed_v i_o fill_v several_a vessel_n of_o glass_n as_o well_o as_o earth_n with_o common_a bean_n fill_v up_o the_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o tie_v the_o cork_n fast_o with_o string_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o bean_n have_v imbibe_v water_n enough_o their_o intumescence_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o only_o to_o break_v several_a of_o the_o vessel_n but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o string_n which_o hinder_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o cork_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v more_o exact_a in_o estimate_v the_o power_n of_o that_o expansive_a force_n i_o put_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o bean_n and_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n six_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v likewise_o fit_v exact_o with_o a_o plug_n a_o trencher_n be_v place_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v 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which_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o some_o upon_o another_o account_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o flesh_n may_v be_v preserve_v long_o from_o putrefaction_n by_o be_v seclude_v from_o the_o contact_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n and_o also_o that_o the_o light_n which_o flow_v from_o rot_a wood_n and_o some_o putrefy_v fish_n will_v appear_v and_o disappear_v upon_o the_o contact_n or_o separation_n of_o ambient_fw-la air._n air._n several_a phaenomena_n produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air._n but_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n that_o the_o air_n may_v effect_v several_a thing_n beside_o what_o it_o produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o weight_n by_o the_o insensible_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n i_o may_v add_v that_o whereas_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v wet_a with_o oil_n have_v its_o pore_n so_o alter_v as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o transmit_v more_o 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colour_n which_o phaenomena_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v exhibit_v be_v not_o either_o some_o insensible_a corpuscle_n transmit_v in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la from_o those_o object_n or_o some_o other_o subtle_a particle_n of_o matter_n direct_v by_o local_a motion_n from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n phaenomena_n the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o insensible_a and_o unheeded_a cause_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o a_o magnetical_a needle_n it_o will_v present_o drive_v it_o away_o whereas_o if_o the_o position_n of_o that_o iron_n bar_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o touch_v that_o point_n with_o the_o other_o end_n it_o will_v by_o a_o contrary_a faculty_n attract_v it_o except_o the_o iron_n bar_n have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o have_v acquire_v a_o more_o durable_a verticity_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v quality_n how_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n acquire_v magnetical_a quality_n why_o by_o such_o posture_n the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o iron_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o increase_v it_o may_v probable_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n because_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o lie_v near_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n have_v their_o pore_n render_v more_o apt_a to_o 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or_o size_n nor_o for_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o eye_n lose_v none_o of_o its_o part_n yet_o by_o a_o invisible_a change_n of_o texture_n effect_v by_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v alter_v its_o verticity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a posture_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o iron_n who_o verticity_n be_v alter_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n wrought_v by_o so_o weak_a a_o agent_n as_o the_o earth_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n in_o liquid_a body_n and_o first_o that_o though_o honey_n and_o water_n mix_v together_o in_o a_o undue_a proportion_n reserve_v each_o their_o distinct_a nature_n yet_o if_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o water_n be_v add_v to_o one_o part_n of_o honey_n by_o some_o subtle_a agent_n or_o other_o they_o be_v present_o ferment_v and_o unite_v into_o one_o common_a mass_n and_o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o live_v several_a year_n in_o the_o canary_n island_n that_o if_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n close_o stop_v be_v violent_o roll_v along_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o change_v that_o if_o it_o be_v but_o about_o a_o month_n old_a one_o of_o the_o end_n will_v be_v burst_v out_o and_o the_o liquor_n lose_v another_o instance_n in_o which_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n dispose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o powerful_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v in_o glass_n which_o upon_o a_o sudden_a removal_n from_o the_o fire_n into_o cold_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n but_o a_o instance_n which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o a_o hot_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v upon_o some_o which_o be_v more_o moderate_o hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o thence_o remove_v upon_o a_o plate_n several_a piece_n like_o scale_n will_v fly_v off_o it_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n acquire_v such_o a_o admirable_a quality_n by_o calcination_n that_o by_o be_v place_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n for_o some_o time_n it_o get_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o luminousness_n as_o to_o retain_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n when_o remove_v into_o the_o dark_a chap._n ii_o of_o cosmical_a suspicion_n the_o world_n about_o we_o be_v stock_v with_o such_o a_o variety_n of_o object_n and_o other_o thing_n too_o small_a or_o subtle_a to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v not_o be_v unuseful_a upon_o some_o account_n to_o propose_v conjecture_n where_o the_o subject_a consider_v admit_v of_o no_o clear_a discovery_n first_o suspicion_n the_o first_o and_o first_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n i_o suspect_v that_o beside_o those_o uniform_a part_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o aether_n by_o some_o philosopher_n be_v think_v to_o consist_v there_o be_v also_o several_a other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v different_o dispose_v to_o work_v upon_o body_n according_a to_o the_o various_a texture_n of_o those_o body_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v upon_o or_o according_a to_o the_o different_a agent_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v concurrent_o with_o and_o this_o suspicion_n be_v not_o improbable_a since_o the_o inquisitive_a gilbert_n have_v not_o only_o discover_v the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v diffuse_v on_o every_o side_n but_o also_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o upon_o the_o hunt_n of_o a_o deer_n several_a subtle_a effluvia_fw-la be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o air_n which_o we_o shall_v pass_v by_o unobserved_a be_v there_o not_o such_o creature_n as_o bloodhound_n endow_v with_o organ_n fit_v to_o receive_v those_o subtle_a steam_n second_o a_o second_o and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o several_a person_n shall_v have_v such_o peculiar_a temperament_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v

we_o consider_v the_o vast_a variety_n of_o body_n contain_v in_o and_o about_o our_o globe_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v imagine_v that_o nature_n shall_v always_o keep_v to_o one_o constant_a and_o regular_a way_n of_o act_v but_o that_o in_o several_a particular_n she_o must_v deviate_v and_o operate_v various_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v even_o natural_a day_n to_o vary_v in_o length_n and_o have_v dispute_v much_o concern_v the_o anomalic_a assign_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n apogeum_n the_o sun_n itself_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o be_v even_o obscure_v by_o opacous_a matter_n as_o in_o caesar_n time_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o augustus_n his_o government_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o near_o a_o whole_a year_n obscure_v to_o which_o we_o may_v subjoin_v the_o number_n duration_n and_o vastness_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n of_o some_o comet_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o galaxy_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o we_o there_o be_v certain_a black_a and_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n white_a cloud_n which_o move_v along_o with_o the_o galaxy_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o these_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n 18_o degree_n south_n latitude_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o these_o as_o argument_n since_o i_o suspect_v those_o black_a cloud_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o azure_a sky_n appear_v through_o the_o galaxy_n and_o those_o white_a one_o to_o be_v only_a constellation_n like_o those_o of_o the_o galaxy_n or_o the_o belt_n of_o orion_n law_n nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_a in_o her_o law_n but_o have_v hint_v that_o nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_o regular_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v here_o intimate_v that_o sometime_o we_o may_v think_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v periodical_a and_o return_v at_o set_a time_n irregular_a because_o we_o live_v not_o long_a enough_o to_o observe_v the_o frequent_a return_v of_o such_o change_n as_o we_o usual_o esteem_v prodigy_n in_o nature_n for_o it_o will_v as_o much_o be_v think_v strange_a to_o see_v tree_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n in_o the_o summer_n to_o a_o man_n that_o live_v but_o one_o year_n as_o several_a other_o phaenomena_n be_v strange_a to_o we_o who_o have_v not_o live_v long_o enough_o to_o have_v observe_v such_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o periodical_a turn_v before_o so_o before_o the_o different_a appearance_n of_o saturn_n have_v often_o be_v observe_v they_o be_v think_v prodigy_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a that_o several_a star_n have_v periodical_o appear_v and_o disappear_v several_a time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o girdle_n of_o andromeda_n and_o about_o the_o swan_n breast_n and_o another_o among_o the_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n these_o i_o say_v be_v most_o remarkable_a because_o they_o not_o only_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o periodical_a appearance_n of_o some_o phaenomena_n but_o invalidate_n the_o philosophical_a system_n of_o some_o who_o allow_v of_o no_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n firmament_n vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n but_o if_o rather_o than_o to_o allow_v of_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n we_o will_v imagine_v the_o star_n which_o appear_v and_o disappear_v to_o have_v dark_a and_o light_a hemisphere_n which_o periodical_o turn_v towards_o our_o globe_n it_o will_v still_o be_v a_o argument_n to_o question_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o universe_n since_o at_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n such_o considerable_a alteration_n be_v observable_a but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o such_o prodigious_a change_n as_o be_v sometimus_fw-la observe_v may_v not_o by_o be_v frequent_o repeat_v become_v a_o custom_n and_o have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n for_o some_o reason_n have_v be_v unable_a to_o examine_v into_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o subterraneal_a region_n myself_o i_o shall_v rather_o give_v such_o a_o account_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a person_n grove_n the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o grove_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v relate_v a_o story_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n observe_v by_o a_o chemist_n who_o purposely_o travel_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v the_o follow_v that_o go_v down_o into_o a_o grove_n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o it_o he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a but_o present_o after_o for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o his_o descent_n he_o feel_v it_o considerable_o cold_a which_o cold_a region_n be_v pass_v he_o begin_v to_o perceive_v it_o sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o low_a he_o descend_v the_o hot_a it_o grow_v so_o that_o in_o the_o low_a vein_n it_o be_v hot_a than_o the_o air_n above_o ground_n be_v usual_o in_o summer_n and_o this_o relation_n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o like_a observation_n make_v by_o a_o physician_n who_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o mine_n who_o descent_n do_v not_o much_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o fathom_n the_o cold_a region_n be_v extend_v near_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o this_o relation_n be_v agreeable_a with_o what_o morinus_n affirm_v viz._n that_o the_o cold_a region_n in_o a_o hungarian_a mine_n which_o he_o visit_v be_v extend_v 80_o fathom_n after_o which_o the_o heat_n sensible_o increase_v the_o low_a he_o descend_v and_o the_o same_o author_n affirm_v that_o beside_o the_o different_a temper_n of_o those_o region_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o hot_a region_n correspondent_a to_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n winter_n and_o summer_n i._n the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n consider_v under_o certain_a proposition_n prop._n i._n these_o thing_n premise_v in_o general_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o particular_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o four_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n i._n the_o bound_n as_o well_o as_o temperature_n of_o the_o first_o region_n be_v very_o different_a the_o reason_n of_o both_o part_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v plain_a since_o the_o sun_n beam_n must_v not_o only_o penetrate_v deep_a in_o the_o summer_n than_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o because_o the_o solidity_n or_o porousness_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v dispose_v the_o soil_n to_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o to_o proceed_v it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o uppermost_a region_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a because_o both_o the_o violent_a impression_n of_o sun_n beam_n and_o rugged_a wind_n be_v keep_v off_o by_o the_o side_n of_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n and_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v much_o weaken_a by_o those_o side_n be_v plain_a since_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v so_o break_v as_o to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o thaw_v all_o summer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v with_o a_o cover_n of_o brick_n well_o clay_v over_o and_o be_v by_o that_o mean_n preserve_v from_o any_o intercourse_n with_o the_o external_n air_n it_o may_v be_v preserve_v without_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o france_n so_o that_o though_o the_o coldness_n of_o subterraneal_a cavity_n may_v conduce_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o a_o thaw_v but_o the_o subterraneal_a region_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v from_o excessive_a heat_n by_o prevent_v the_o intercourse_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o the_o external_n air_n but_o may_v be_v considerable_o lessen_v in_o such_o cavity_n as_o be_v considerable_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o iron_n mine_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a as_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o apt_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o external_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n so_o neither_o be_v the_o hot_a region_n subject_a to_o be_v alter_v much_o by_o the_o external_a cold_a in_o winter_n which_o appear_v from_o the_o smoke_n of_o some_o spring_n in_o winter_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n which_o have_v run_v a_o considerable_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n or_o pass_v through_o some_o earth_n that_o be_v fit_o dispose_v to_o warm_v it_o in_o its_o passage_n but_o further_a that_o winter_n cold_a be_v much_o more_o

the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o divers_a who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o the_o wave_n be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a yet_o at_o fifteen_o fathom_v deep_a the_o water_n be_v very_o little_o disturb_v only_o the_o mud_n be_v raise_v which_o make_v the_o water_n dark_a and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o person_n that_o dive_v inform_v i_o that_o have_v stay_v a_o considerable_a depth_n for_o some_o time_n he_o find_v when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o a_o tempestuous_a storm_n which_o have_v rise_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o water_n without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o he_o below_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o manar_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o they_o dive_v for_o coral_n in_o a_o sea_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la which_o be_v usual_o very_o much_o disturb_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n

i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n who_o make_v his_o observation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n that_o have_v let_v down_o his_o plummet_n about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v that_o the_o plummet_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o stand_a water_n make_v the_o boat_n turn_v to_o the_o tide_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o stagnation_n of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v likewise_o confirm_v to_o i_o by_o observation_n make_v near_o the_o coral_n fishery_n in_o the_o east-indies_n chap._n vi_o further_a relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n but_o also_o promote_v vegetation_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v but_o since_o several_a tree_n and_o plant_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v further_o observe_v what_o information_n i_o have_v receive_v concern_v they_o coral_n observation_n relate_v to_o coral_n and_o first_o to_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v the_o growth_n of_o coral_n under_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o see_v it_o near_o algiers_n that_o coral_n when_o first_o take_v up_o be_v not_o only_o soft_a and_o flexible_a but_o very_o pale_a yet_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o and_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v natural_a redness_n present_o appear_v to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v break_v several_a piece_n he_o find_v it_o much_o pale_a within_o than_o on_o the_o outside_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a black_a knob_n on_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o twig_n the_o place_n from_o whence_o this_o coral_n be_v take_v be_v about_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a and_o i_o have_v be_v further_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o the_o east-indies_n that_o upon_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o coral_n he_o have_v observe_v certain_a round_a berry_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n water_n tree_n under_o water_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o observe_v tree_n to_o grow_v under_o water_n near_a manar_n which_o bear_v leave_n like_o those_o of_o a_o laurel_n but_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o mosambique_n in_o africa_n several_a tree_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n who_o fruit_n and_o leave_n be_v like_o those_o of_o the_o tree_n in_o america_n which_o bear_v a_o fruit_n call_v acayu_n but_o a_o observation_n more_o valuable_a be_v concern_v the_o maldavian_a nut_n call_v coco_n which_o by_o experience_a divers_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o grow_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o gather_v by_o the_o divers_a or_o tear_v off_o by_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o fruit_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o it_o be_v under_o water_n it_o be_v very_o soft_a but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v a_o considerable_a time_n to_o the_o air_n it_o become_v very_o hard_o chap._n vii_o observation_n and_o experiment_n about_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea._n peripatetic_n the_o invalidity_n of_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o several_a peripatetic_n have_v be_v judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o water_n but_o with_o what_o little_a reason_n may_v easy_o appear_v from_o those_o stand_a lake_n and_o pond_n who_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n continue_v fresh_a and_o that_o it_o neither_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o any_o other_o external_a heat_n may_v be_v argue_v since_o though_o some_o fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v off_o by_o distillation_n and_o consequent_o undergo_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o do_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n it_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o salt_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o water_n never_o expose_v to_o such_o heat_n which_o salt_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o sea_n salt_n only_o that_o it_o be_v white_a be_v more_o clear_a of_o its_o faeces_fw-la and_o free_a from_o a_o mixture_n of_o earthy_a part_n and_o though_o some_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o aristotle_n doctrine_n that_o scaliger_n affirm_v the_o sea_n water_n to_o be_v salt_a in_o its_o upper_a region_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o bottom_n that_o the_o observation_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o do_v not_o general_o hold_v neither_o will_v it_o favour_v his_o doctrine_n shall_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n otherwise_o than_o common_a salt_n christalize_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o evaporate_v solution_n for_o consider_v how_o much_o salt_n water_n must_v be_v impregnate_v with_o and_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o sea_n water_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o dutch_a geographer_n to_o be_v only_o as_o one_o to_o forty_o water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o water_n it_o be_v disposition_n to_o crystalize_v can_v be_v no_o argument_n of_o the_o swim_n of_o sea-salt_n more_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o other_o region_n but_o though_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n from_o the_o peripatetic_a philosopher_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v on_o the_o contrary_a with_o some_o that_o the_o gravity_n of_o salt_n make_v they_o sink_v the_o more_o to_o the_o bottom_n since_o the_o intestine_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n continual_o shift_v place_n must_v consequent_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o which_o consideration_n join_v with_o another_o which_o be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o usual_o observe_v metalline_a tincture_n strong_a at_o the_o top_n than_o bottom_n may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o suspicion_n to_o some_o that_o the_o present_a argument_n be_v less_o cogent_a notwithstanding_o the_o specific_a gravity_n betwixt_o metal_n and_o their_o menstruum_n do_v much_o exceed_v that_o betwixt_o salt_n and_o water_n but_o further_a in_o behalf_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o linscotten_a that_o at_z goa_n in_o portugal_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o their_o slave_n to_o dive_v and_o fetch_v fresh_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o though_o this_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a yet_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v draw_v thence_o because_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v contrary_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o guess_v that_o sea_n spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v it_o true_a that_o fresh_a water_n may_v rise_v by_o certain_a spring_n cover_v over_o with_o sea_n water_n as_o well_o as_o that_o several_a spring_n in_o other_o place_n shall_v be_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o spring_n be_v so_o far_o probable_a that_o the_o curious_a hungarian_a governor_n de_fw-fr admirandis_fw-la hungariae_fw-la aquis_fw-la say_v that_o in_o the_o river_n vagus_fw-la near_o the_o fortress_n galgotium_n vein_n of_o hot_a water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o water_n his_o word_n be_v these_o neque_fw-la in_o ripa_n tantum_fw-la eruuntur_fw-la calidae_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la intra_fw-la amnem_fw-la si_fw-la fundum_fw-la ejus_fw-la pedibus_fw-la suffodias_fw-la calent_fw-la autem_fw-la immodicè_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o neapolitan_a coast_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v these_o relation_n i_o shall_v intimate_v brief_o that_o a_o ingenious_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o who_o live_v in_o that_o city_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o that_o fresh_a water_n be_v not_o fetch_v so_o deep_a as_o to_o be_v suspect_v to_o rise_v from_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o the_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o a_o river_n not_o far_o off_o before_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o conjecture_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o near_a mouth_n of_o river_n it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o fresh_a water_n have_v for_o some_o time_n float_v together_o without_o be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o other_o stream_n and_o as_o for_o scaliger_n opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o it_o that_o by_o a_o vessel_n so_o artificial_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v open_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o take_v in_o water_n the_o water_n draw_v up_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v salt_n but_o since_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o this_o that_o the_o salt_n water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a as_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o may_v be_v

mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o 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francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a

quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o

compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o ʒvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v ℥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a mineral_n water_n to_o differ_v thus_o in_o weight_n water_n ounce_n drachm_n grain_n common_a 3_o 4_o 43_o common_a distil_v 3_o 4_o 41_o acton_n 3_o 4_o 48_o ½_n epsom_n 3_o 4_o 51_o dulwich_n 3_o 4_o 54_o staton_n 3_o 4_o 55_o barnet_n 3_o 4_o 52_o north-hall_n 3_o 4_o 50_o german-spaw_n 3_o 4_o 40_o tunbridge_n 3_o 4_o 38_o islington_n from_o the_o music-house_n 3_o 4_o 36_o islington_n from_o the_o vault_n with_o step_n 3_o 4_o 39_o islington_n from_o the_o cellar_n 3_o 4_o 39_o 3._o of_o their_o different_a degree_n of_o transparency_n or_o opacity_n 4._o whether_o without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o will_v afford_v a_o pracipitate_a by_o which_o observation_n the_o different_a soil_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v will_v not_o only_o be_v discover_v but_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v to_o distinguish_v such_o from_o the_o true_a caput_n mortuum_n of_o the_o water_n german_n spa_n water_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o yellowish_a ochre_n n._n b._n the_o water_n so_o try_v must_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o most_o water_n 5._o what_o microscope_n can_v discover_v in_o mineral_n water_n n._n b._n those_o move_a corpuscle_n discernible_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o pepper_n etc._n etc._n in_o water_n be_v animalcula_fw-la and_o not_o portion_n of_o inanimate_a matter_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o such_o liquor_n which_o be_v apparent_a if_o those_o little_a animal_n be_v touch_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o they_o move_v much_o more_o slow_o 6._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o variety_n of_o colour_n in_o several_a mineral_n water_n 7._o of_o their_o different_a odour_n these_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v at_o the_o spring-head_n where_o not_o only_o a_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a smell_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mineral_n spring_n in_o france_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a vinous_a odour_n 8._o concern_v the_o different_a taste_n of_o mineral_n water_n 9_o whether_o take_v it_o up_o or_o keep_v it_o stop_v or_o unstopped_a or_o whether_o freeze_a or_o thaw_v it_o will_v alter_v the_o colour_n smell_v or_o transparency_n of_o it_o for_o though_o some_o water_n retain_v their_o purgative_n virtue_n a_o good_a while_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o exhalation_n of_o some_o fugitive_a part_n from_o those_o which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v carry_v but_o a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o fountain_n they_o present_o lose_v their_o power_n of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n into_o a_o purple_a and_o instead_o of_o that_o turn_v it_o red_a and_o even_o the_o strong_a water_n if_o keep_v unstop_v or_o not_o keep_v close_o present_o lose_v that_o property_n 10._o concern_v the_o different_a consistency_n of_o such_o water_n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o expansion_n and_o condensation_n or_o heat_v and_o coldness_n than_o common_a water_n 12._o whether_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o how_o soon_o and_o what_o phaenomena_n they_o afford_v 13._o what_o alteration_n in_o colour_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o astringent_a juice_n with_o they_o as_o also_o their_o mixture_n with_o several_a juice_n of_o the_o body_n n._n b._n in_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n without_o consider_v the_o alteration_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o uncertain_a proportion_n of_o gall_n wherefore_o i_o usual_o make_v use_v of_o a_o settle_a proportion_n as_o 5_o grain_n to_o a_o ounce_n though_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v try_v with_o much_o more_o expedition_n and_o certainty_n by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o powder_n itself_o suspend_v about_o three_o grain_n of_o powder_n in_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n as_o a_o grain_n have_v give_v german_a spaw-water_n a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n since_o rose_n leave_v or_o the_o flower_n and_o bark_n of_o pomegranate_n will_v have_v much_o the_o same_o effect_n afford_v a_o cloudy_a and_o blackish_a tincture_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o make_v it_o one_o part_n of_o this_o quaere_fw-la what_o colour_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o mineral_n water_n with_o animal_n juice_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n sometime_o blackish_a upon_o the_o take_n of_o large_a dose_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v the_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n i_o not_o only_o doubt_v whether_o all_o martial_a water_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o whether_o all_o liquor_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v esteem_v martial_a for_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o steel_n will_v give_v it_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o that_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n will_v not_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o tincture_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o acid_n fume_n which_o have_v work_v on_o the_o mars_n with_o which_o those_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v find_v that_o if_o a_o vitriolate_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o copper_n instead_o of_o iron_n instead_o of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a it_o only_o will_v render_v it_o muddy_a and_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a earth_n which_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n to_o be_v lead_n that_o will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a though_o it_o be_v altoger_n void_a of_o martial_a part_n and_o probable_o will_v have_v very_o bad_a effect_n if_o take_v inward_o to_o which_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la likewise_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_n and_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v the_o willing_a to_o lay_v down_o because_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o they_o to_o slight_v the_o use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n yet_o i_o will_v thence_o urge_v they_o to_o make_v such_o trial_n to_o be_v more_o wary_o make_v water_n observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v mineral_n water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_v to_o observe_v the_o different_a colour_n exhibit_v by_o such_o trial_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n as_o requisite_a to_o be_v think_v on_o by_o he_o who_o design_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n 1._o that_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n make_v by_o such_o tincture_n in_o a_o good_a light_n which_o may_v help_v a_o curious_a observer_n to_o distinguish_v what_o mineral_n such_o tincture_n be_v impregnate_v with_o 2._o it_o way_n be_v of_o use_v to_o vary_v the_o shade_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o mineral_n water_n either_o by_o drop_v such_o water_n upon_o paper_n who_o pore_n be_v saturate_v with_o vitriol_n powder_v or_o tinge_v with_o a_o decoction_n of_o log-wood_n several_a variation_n in_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o drop_v other_o medicinal_a liquor_n either_o into_o the_o mineral_n water_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o gall_n before_o mixture_n or_o after_o 3._o i_o will_v recommend_v for_o such_o trial_n not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o astringent_a plant_n but_o also_o animal_n and_o especial_o mineral_n substance_n for_o beside_o the_o astringent_n i_o have_v contrive_v a_o certain_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v a_o vitriol_n water_n impregnate_v with_o iron_n

black_a but_o also_o one_o saturate_v with_o copper_n a_o succedaneum_n to_o which_o may_v be_v make_v by_o add_v to_o sulphur_n as_o it_o melt_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o equal_a proportion_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fine_o powder_v stir_v they_o till_o they_o incorporate_v and_o become_v red_a which_o mixture_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o half_a its_o weight_n of_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v in_o water_n let_v it_o be_v distil_v in_o sand_n shift_v the_o receiver_n as_o the_o liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v tinge_v more_o or_o less_o so_o that_o the_o strong_a may_v be_v preserve_v by_o itself_o and_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o will_v be_v of_o more_o use_n than_o those_o usual_o make_v with_o a_o bare_a tincture_n of_o gall_n since_o there_o be_v several_a mineral_n substance_n and_o other_o body_n which_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o which_o discover_v not_o themselves_o in_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n as_o sulphur_n or_o copper_n may_v be_v so_o lock_v up_o in_o these_o water_n as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v till_o the_o body_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v open_v by_o some_o proper_a additament_n and_o even_o arsenic_n itself_o may_v be_v so_o disguise_v as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v when_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o it_o present_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n be_v add_v to_o it_o they_o whether_o mineral_n water_n have_v arsenic_n dissolve_v in_o they_o but_o to_o discover_v whether_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o arsenic_n or_o not_o i_o put_v dantzick_n or_o english_a vitriol_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o either_o of_o which_o cause_v a_o dark_a precipitate_v gradual_o to_o subside_o 14._o whether_o spirituous_a acid_n volatile_a alkalys_n or_o lixivial_a salt_n will_v precipitate_v such_o water_n 15._o the_o manner_n of_o extract_a salt_n from_o such_o water_n and_o what_o quantity_n may_v be_v extract_v guess_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o saltness_n of_o these_o water_n by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v lather_n with_o soap_n and_o if_o not_o what_o quantity_n of_o curdle_a matter_n they_o will_v yield_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o the_o light_a water_n will_v yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n 16._o how_o to_o discover_v what_o acidity_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o evaporation_n have_v take_v a_o peculiar_a method_n to_o try_v the_o acidity_n of_o mineral_n water_n by_o mix_v they_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la in_o simple_a water_n i_o find_v that_o though_o german_a spa_n yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n yet_o in_o that_o of_o action_n there_o be_v none_o discernible_a 17._o what_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o distillation_n in_o balnco_n 18._o what_o and_o whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n be_v afford_v by_o evaporation_n and_o distillation_n 19_o whether_o mineral_n water_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o quality_n and_o texture_n by_o a_o reunion_n of_o their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n when_o distil_v to_o such_o a_o consistence_n in_o glass-vessel_n exact_o lute_v which_o they_o have_v before_o 20._o what_o change_n if_o any_o mineral_n water_n undergo_v by_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v from_o whence_o may_v be_v learn_v whether_o a_o change_n of_o quality_n will_v succeed_v a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n without_o a_o manifest_a loss_n of_o part_n and_o whether_o a_o agitation_n of_o part_n without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v any_o thing_n or_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n to_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n purple_a 21._o how_o much_o the_o mineral_n water_n exceed_v their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o proportien_n 22._o what_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o whether_o dissoluble_a in_o water_n 23._o how_o much_o the_o saline_n and_o terrestrial_a part_n differ_v in_o proportion_n 24._o whether_o in_o strong_a fire_n the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a or_o fix_a and_o to_o what_o degree_n 25._o whether_o the_o salt_n will_v crystallize_v per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o with_o other_o salt_n and_o what_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o genuine_a or_o compound_v crystal_n 26._o whether_o acid_n or_o alkaline_n quality_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o acidity_n will_v either_o appear_v to_o the_o taste_n or_o smell_v or_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a as_o also_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o acid_n lose_v its_o blue_a colour_n their_o acidity_n may_v likewise_o be_v discover_v by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v precipitate_v by_o alkalys_n or_o ferment_n with_o they_o and_o if_o alkaly_n be_v predominant_a it_o on_o the_o contrary_n discover_v itself_o by_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n and_o smell_v and_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a or_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n or_o ferment_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o last_o by_o increase_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n in_o common-water_n and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o such_o spring_n here_o in_o england_n as_o afford_v alkaline_a salt_n yet_o without_o question_n in_o egypt_n such_o may_v be_v find_v since_o their_o latron_n or_o the_o egyptian_a nitre_n abound_v with_o a_o salt_n of_o a_o alkaline_a nature_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o alkaly_n from_o that_o famous_a water_n of_o bourbon_n in_o france_n which_o will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o ferment_n with_o volatile_a acid_n if_o such_o water_n abound_v with_o vitriol_n they_o will_v turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_a and_o vomit_v those_o that_o drink_v they_o and_o if_o a_o alkaly_n be_v add_v will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v upon_o drop_v of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n into_o they_o i_o have_v not_o find_v any_o of_o the_o water_n about_o london_n to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o france_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vitriolate_a spring_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n which_o most_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o glass_n but_o be_v either_o svi_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o a_o peculiar_a one_o or_o a_o compound_v salt_n make_v up_o of_o such_o as_o the_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o in_o its_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o purgative_n salt_n may_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n be_v make_v of_o salt_n not_o at_o all_o purgative_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a empiric_n that_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o common_a sulphur_n mix_v together_o have_v a_o gentle_a purge_v virtue_n 27._o in_o what_o menstruum_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v be_v dissolve_v and_o in_o what_o it_o may_v not_o whether_o volatile_a or_o fix_v and_o what_o quality_n it_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o colour_n or_o smell_n afford_v what_o proportion_n of_o salt_n mineral_n water_n afford_v it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v what_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n some_o mineral_n water_n yield_v in_o comparison_n of_o other_o since_o those_o water_n which_o be_v pure_o diuretic_n have_v very_o little_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o purge_v water_n for_o though_o a_o pound_n of_o barnet_n water_n yield_v a_o drachm_n yet_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o tunbridge_n afford_v but_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o a_o mineral_n shall_v impregnate_n so_o much_o water_n as_o i_o have_v by_o trial_n find_v a_o grain_n of_o iron_n stone_n do_v enable_v it_o to_o tincture_n a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n deep_a than_o tunbridge_n or_o german_a spa_n water_n will_v and_o i_o have_v try_v that_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o marchasite_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n communicate_v a_o tincture_n to_o 61440_o part_n of_o water_n though_o part_n of_o that_o marchasite_n be_v sulphur_n and_o part_n of_o it_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o so_o small_a a_o portion_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n will_v when_o gross_o dissolve_v impregnate_n so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o much_o more_o may_v it_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o subtle_a mineral_n fume_v and_o as_o in_o such_o a_o form_n it_o may_v impregnate_n a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n so_o will_v it_o be_v

before_o it_o undergo_v the_o last_o change_n it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o the_o air_n be_v always_o in_o a_o preternatural_a because_o always_o in_o a_o force_a state_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v constant_o press_v upon_o and_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o incumbent_a air_n keep_v from_o expand_v itself_o but_o if_o the_o further_a it_o recede_v from_o a_o force_a state_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v to_o a_o natural_a one_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n must_v by_o rarify_n it_o contribute_v to_o the_o destroy_v of_o its_o preternatural_a state_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n when_o part_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v out_o must_v approach_v to_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o remain_v part_n have_v further_a liberty_n to_o expand_v itself_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o that_o be_v true_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o a_o body_n in_o which_o it_o be_v preserve_v by_o a_o natural_a concourse_n of_o external_n agent_n and_o likewise_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a error_n that_o nothing_o violent_a be_v durable_a since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v always_o in_o a_o force_a or_o compress_v state_n chap._n xiii_o the_o description_n of_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o its_o use_n physicomechanical_a experiment_n touch_v the_o air_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n lord_n viscount_n of_o dangarvan_n my_o dear_a lord_n perceive_v that_o several_a of_o the_o virtuoso_n at_o paris_n intent_n in_o examine_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v concern_v in_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n concern_v a_o vacuum_n i_o think_v it_o seasonable_a to_o promote_v that_o experiment_n and_o to_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n with_o my_o attempt_n on_o that_o subject_a which_o may_v afford_v some_o hint_n at_o least_o towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o that_o philosophy_n a_o subject_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o because_o the_o air_n be_v of_o so_o general_a use_n in_o respiration_n and_o by_o it_o be_v almost_o perpetual_a contiguity_n as_o well_o to_o our_o own_o body_n as_o those_o we_o be_v here_o concern_v with_o have_v considerable_a effect_n in_o produce_v those_o various_a disease_n incident_a to_o crazy_a body_n upon_o change_n of_o wether_n a_o discovery_n of_o its_o nature_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n and_o likewise_o because_o it_o may_v show_v we_o how_o far_o it_o concur_v in_o exhibit_v several_a other_o phanomena_n but_o before_o i_o present_v your_o lordship_n with_o the_o experiment_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o the_o engine_n concern_v in_o the_o make_n of_o they_o engin._n a_o description_n of_o the_o pneumatical_a engin._n it_o consist_v then_o of_o two_o principal_a part_n a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o a_o pump_n to_o suck_v out_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n to_o which_o a_o cover_n be_v adapt_v and_o also_o a_o stop-cock_n fit_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o neck_n below_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o 60_o lib._n of_o water_n allow_v ʒ_n xuj_o to_o each_o pound_n the_o diameter_n b_o c_z of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o be_v about_o four_o inch_n which_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o lip_n almost_o a_o inch_n in_o height_n the_o use_v of_o which_o be_v for_o the_o cover_n to_o rest_v on_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n where_o d_o e_z denote_v a_o brazen_a ring_n which_o be_v to_o cover_v and_o to_o be_v close_o cement_v on_o the_o lip_n b_o c_z of_o the_o first_o figure_n to_o the_o internal_a orifice_n of_o this_o ring_n be_v adapt_v a_o glass_n stopple_n so_o exact_o as_o to_o prevent_v any_o considerable_a access_n of_o external_a air_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o cover_v there_o be_v a_o hole_n h_n i_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n encircle_v with_o a_o ring_n or_o socket_n to_o which_o be_v adapt_v a_o brazen_a stopple_n k_o so_o exquisite_o that_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v round_o without_o admit_v in_o the_o least_o air._n through_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n 8_o make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o a_o string_n 8_o 9_o 10_o which_o be_v likewise_o to_o pass_v through_o a_o small_a brazen_a ring_n l_o fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stopple_n f_o g_o the_o use_n of_o which_o string_n be_v to_o move_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n when_o stop_v that_o the_o stop-cock_n n_n in_o the_o first_o figure_n may_v more_o exact_o exclude_v the_o air_n a_o thin_a plate_n of_o tin_n m_n t_o v_o w_o be_v solder_a on_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o cock_n x_o of_o a_o length_n proportionable_a to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v cement_v with_o a_o cement_n make_v of_o pitch_n rosin_n and_o wood-ash_n pour_v hot_a into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o cement_n from_o run_v into_o the_o orifice_n z_o of_o the_o shank_n x_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o cork_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o string_n that_o it_o may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n receiver_n be_v press_v moderate_o hot_a into_o the_o cement_n it_o fill_v the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o tin_n plate_n and_o the_o receiver_n and_o also_o betwixt_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o cock._n the_o low_a part_n to_o be_v describe_v be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o air-pump_n support_v by_o a_o frame_n of_o wood_n with_o three_o leg_n 111_o so_o contrive_v that_o for_o the_o free_a motion_n of_o the_o hand_n on_o one_o side_n it_o may_v stand_v perpendicular_a across_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o frame_n a_o piece_n of_o board_n be_v nail_v 222_o to_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v fix_v the_o pump_n be_v make_v up_o of_o four_o part_n viz._n a_o exact_a and_o strong_a cylinder_n endue_v with_o a_o cavity_n about_o three_o inch_n cross_a to_o which_o a_o sucker_n 4455_o be_v adapt_v make_v up_o of_o two_o part_n one_o of_o which_o 44_o be_v not_o so_o large_a in_o diameter_n as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n a_o thick_a piece_n of_o tan_a leather_n be_v nail_v on_o it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o which_o it_o close_v so_o exact_o to_o the_o cylinder_n that_o the_o air_n can_v insinuate_v the_o other_o part_n be_v a_o thick_a plate_n of_o iron_n 55_o be_v firm_o join_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o former_a part_n it_o be_v a_o little_a long_o than_o the_o cylinder_n one_o edge_n of_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o the_o other_o indent_v to_o the_o interstice_n of_o which_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o small_a jaton_n nut_n α_n β_n be_v to_o be_v adapt_v which_o be_v fix_v by_o two_o staple_n 22_o to_o the_o under-side_n of_o the_o board_n nail_v transverse_a 222_o on_o which_o the_o cylinder_n rest_v it_o be_v turn_v by_o the_o manubrium_fw-la 7._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o pump_n be_v the_o valve_n r_n be_v a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v taper_n towards_o the_o cavity_n to_o this_o be_v fit_v a_o brass_n peg_n to_o be_v put_v in_o or_o take_v out_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o engine_n be_v thus_o delineate_v the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v well_o oil_v with_o salad_n oil_n to_o stop_v the_o interval_n of_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o its_o part_n and_o also_o that_o it_o may_v with_o less_o difficulty_n turn_v the_o key_n s_n at_o pleasure_n for_o the_o like_a reason_n the_o sucker_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v oil_v also_o and_o here_o it_o be_v as_o much_o strange_a as_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o when_o oil_n or_o water_n separate_v have_v fail_v in_o effect_v our_o design_n a_o mixture_n of_o both_o have_v prove_v effectual_a last_o that_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n betwixt_o the_o brazen_a cover_n and_o the_o ring_n may_v be_v likewise_o prevent_v it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o plaster_n the_o edge_n with_o the_o former_a cement_n lay_v on_o with_o a_o hot_a iron_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o fill_v the_o little_a cavity_n thing_n be_v thus_o order_v that_o no_o air_n may_v remain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n the_o handle_n be_v to_o be_v turn_v till_o the_o sucker_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o valve_n be_v shut_v it_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n by_o which_o mean_n the_o air_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o

the_o cylinder_n and_o a_o succession_n from_o without_o be_v prevent_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v empty_v of_o air_n so_o that_o the_o turn-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o afford_v a_o passage_n betwixt_o the_o receiver_n and_o cylinder_n part_n of_o the_o air_n before_o lodge_v in_o the_o receiver_n will_v be_v draw_v down_o into_o the_o cylinder_n which_o by_o turn_v back_o the_o key_n pump_n the_o method_n of_o manage_n the_o pump_n be_v prevent_v from_o fly_v back_o into_o the_o receiver_n may_v by_o open_v the_o valve_n and_o wind_v up_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v into_o the_o open_a air_n and_o so_o by_o reiterated_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o expulsion_n of_o it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n it_o may_v be_v exhaust_v as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o experiment_n require_v have_v thus_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o caution_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n necessary_a in_o some_o more_o curious_a experiment_n i_o shall_v in_o short_a acquaint_v your_o lordship_n that_o the_o experiment_n i_o proceed_v to_o entertain_v your_o lordship_n with_o be_v such_o as_o require_v not_o such_o exactness_n in_o the_o forementioned_a caution_n provide_v the_o pump_n be_v well_o ply_v and_o the_o cranny_n not_o considerable_a experiment_n i._o the_o manner_n of_o pump_v out_o the_o air._n a_o digression_n concern_v the_o spring_n and_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n in_o order_n to_o a_o more_o clear_a apprehension_n of_o subsequent_a experiment_n from_z what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o sucker_n be_v wind_v up_o and_z upon_o stop_v the_o valve_n and_o turn_v the_o key_n draw_v down_o again_o the_o air_n will_v be_v equal_o expanded_a both_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o sucker_n and_o upon_o return_v the_o key_n and_o open_v the_o valve_n near_o a_o cylinder_n full_a of_o air_n will_v be_v expel_v but_o the_o receiver_n by_o reiterated_a excursion_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v less_o proportionable_o be_v force_v out_o so_o that_o at_o the_o last_o before_o you_o need_v to_o open_v the_o valve_n the_o sucker_n will_v rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o if_o when_o it_o be_v so_o exhaust_v you_o let_v go_v the_o pump_n and_o the_o valve_n be_v stop_v the_o sucker_n mere_o by_o the_o force_n of_o external_a air_n overpower_v that_o more_o rarify_v air_n within_o will_v be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o sucker_n be_v press_v high_a by_o external_a air_n so_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o receiver_n being_n more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o air_n in_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o more_z or_o less_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o external_a as_o it_o vary_v in_o quantity_n we_o may_v observe_v also_o that_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n retain_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o air_n there_o be_v a_o brisk_a noise_n upon_o turn_v the_o key_n air._n a_o springiness_n in_o the_o air._n but_o to_o render_v these_o experiment_n more_o intellible_a i_o shall_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o lordship_n of_o a_o notion_n which_o may_v explicate_v they_o which_o be_v that_o the_o air_n consist_v of_o certain_a springy_a particle_n which_o be_v bend_v and_o press_v together_o by_o incumbent_a body_n always_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v that_o pressure_n and_o to_o dilate_v themselves_o which_o notion_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n consist_v of_o part_n incumbent_a on_o one_o another_o the_o uppermost_a by_o their_o weight_n must_v needs_o compress_v the_o low_a which_o compress_a part_n must_v consequent_o have_v a_o power_n of_o self-dilation_n so_o when_o a_o fleece_n of_o wool_n compress_v upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n again_o expand_v itself_o the_o springiness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v likewise_o be_v explicate_v by_o suppose_v with_o the_o ingenious_a des_fw-mi cartes_n that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o congery_n of_o flexible_a particle_n of_o various_a size_n and_o very_o irregular_a figure_n raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o swim_v in_o that_o matter_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n which_o be_v by_o that_o aether_n that_o float_v about_o they_o keep_v separate_v and_o in_o a_o violent_a agitation_n acquire_v that_o springiness_n which_o they_o will_v lose_v in_o some_o measure_n by_o be_v compress_v by_o both_o these_o way_n the_o springiness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v explain_v yet_o by_o which_o with_o most_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v about_o the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o that_o springiness_n as_o to_o manifest_v that_o it_o have_v a_o springiness_n in_o order_n to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o it_o for_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o either_o so_o far_o explain_v its_o nature_n as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a but_o in_o opposition_n to_o this_o notion_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o air_n be_v make_v up_o of_o springy_a particle_n yet_o it_o will_v only_o account_v for_o the_o expansion_n and_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n when_o apparent_o compress_v in_o wind_n gun_n and_o other_o pneumatical_a engine_n whereas_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o compression_n before_o the_o air_n be_v include_v in_o those_o gun_n to_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n there_o be_v several_a experiment_n which_o prove_v that_o our_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o light_n but_o heavy_a in_o respect_n of_o some_o body_n one_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v mention_v here_o which_o be_v this_o that_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n dry_v who_o cavity_n contain_v two_o three_o of_o a_o pint_n be_v press_v together_o and_o counterpoise_v in_o a_o very_a nice_a balance_n and_o be_v prick_v upon_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o 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if_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o it_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v weaken_a and_o not_o able_a to_o bear_v up_o strong_a enough_o against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stopple_n as_o powerful_o as_o before_o whoever_o lift_v up_o the_o stopple_n must_v likewise_o bear_v up_o the_o whole_a pillar_n of_o external_n air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n but_o if_o the_o air_n be_v gradual_o permit_v to_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v more_o compress_v and_o its_o spring_n increase_v it_o bear_v up_o against_o the_o stopple_n more_o powerful_o and_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n be_v bring_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o stopple_n may_v proportionable_o be_v lift_v up_o with_o less_o difficulty_n till_o at_o length_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v take_v up_o but_o it_o be_v 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for_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v be_v weak_a it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n till_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v equal_o compress_v so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o valve_n be_v stop_v close_o when_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n it_o find_v a_o equal_a resistance_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n when_o first_o draw_v as_o when_o near_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o what_o a_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n deliver_v concern_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o violent_a ingress_n of_o exhaust_a air_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o that_o force_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o air_n suck_v out_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v be_v more_o difficult_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n when_o it_o be_v further_o from_o the_o receiver_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o from_o what_o have_v be_v premise_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o weaken_a pressure_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o more_o violent_a ingress_n of_o the_o external_n experiment_n iv_o concern_v the_o swell_v of_o a_o bladder_n the_o opinion_n of_o a_o learned_a author_n examine_v receiver_n the_o expansion_n of_o air_n in_o a_o lamb_n be_v bladder_n in_o our_o receiver_n have_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o lamb_n bladder_n well_o dry_v and_o limber_a and_o half_a full_a of_o air_n the_o cover_v be_v lute_v on_o and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v gradual_o exhaust_v that_o in_o the_o bladder_n be_v according_o expanded_a till_o the_o receiver_n be_v near_o full_o exhaust_v the_o bladder_n seem_v very_o much_o distend_v with_o the_o include_v air._n and_o to_o confirm_v our_o guest_n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o weaken_a pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la ai_fw-fr rwe_v gradual_o leave_v in_o the_o external_a air_n and_o find_v that_o the_o bladder_n by_o degree_n subside_v till_o it_o become_v as_o empty_a as_o before_o but_o one_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o more_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o more_o sensible_o the_o bladder_n be_v distend_v and_o lest_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o shall_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o distension_n of_o the_o bladder_n do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o fiber_n of_o the_o bladder_n return_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o their_o natural_a extension_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o external_a air_n we_o put_v in_o two_o empty_a bladder_n along_o with_o the_o former_a and_o find_v they_o very_o little_o extend_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air._n and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o bladder_n which_o be_v half_o empty_a and_o half_o fill_v with_o air_n the_o empty_a part_n be_v part_v from_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o air_n by_o a_o ligature_n experiment_n v._o concern_v a_o bladder_n which_o burst_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o another_o by_o heat_n expansion_n the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n expansion_n have_v put_v a_o bladder_n moderate_o blow_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v draw_v out_o the_o air_n present_o expanded_a and_o break_v the_o bladder_n with_o a_o considerable_a crack_n and_o though_o this_o experiment_n frequent_o succeed_v yet_o if_o the_o bladder_n be_v one_o that_o be_v too_o dry_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o tie_v it_o so_o fast_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v get_v out_o and_o so_o frustrate_a the_o trial_n but_o to_o be_v full_o inform_v whether_o the_o air_n be_v out_o or_o not_o we_o may_v be_v satisfy_v by_o admit_v air_n afresh_o into_o the_o receiver_n which_o will_v if_o the_o mention_a accident_n happen_v compress_v the_o bladder_n more_o than_o when_o it_o be_v first_o put_v in_o but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o possible_a that_o the_o air_n shall_v expand_v itself_o so_o powerful_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n but_o if_o a_o bladder_n well_o blow_v be_v bring_v near_o a_o good_a sire_n the_o include_v air_n will_v burst_v the_o bladder_n with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n experiment_n vi._n measure_v the_o air_n expansion_n measure_v to_o try_v how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a we_o fix_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o wet_a lamb_n bladder_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a

receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o

fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n subside_v till_o it_o fall_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o expanded_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o water_n a_o foot_n high_a but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o that_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n it_o sensible_o subside_v upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n and_o much_o low_a upon_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o not_o much_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o water_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o with_o more_o speed_n than_o the_o former_a experiment_n xx._n water_n conceen_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n have_v beside_o a_o notable_a one_o a_o languid_a elater_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n term_v by_o the_o chemist_n a_o phylosophical_a egg_n about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n with_o water_n where_o fix_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n we_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o after_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o water_n sensible_o rise_v upon_o every_o exsuction_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n present_o subside_v to_o its_o former_a place_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n i_o obtain_v by_o fill_v a_o round_a pewter_n vessel_n with_o water_n at_o a_o small_a hole_n which_o be_v stop_v with_o soder_n and_o the_o vessel_n bruise_v in_o several_a place_n to_o compress_v the_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v perforate_v with_o a_o needle_n it_o spin_v out_o with_o force_n enough_o to_o raise_v it_o a_o considerable_a height_n

into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o expansion_n as_o before_o but_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o subside_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o which_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o those_o bubble_n which_o ascend_v last_o be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a either_o because_o their_o part_n be_v more_o expanded_a than_o before_o or_o because_o more_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v unite_v together_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o we_o observe_v that_o they_o ascend_v much_o slow_a than_o before_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o bubble_n be_v usual_o wont_a to_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n encompass_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n yet_o in_o this_o tube_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n another_o observation_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o whereas_o those_o bubble_n which_o rise_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o operation_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o they_o pass_v through_o in_o their_o ascent_n these_o latter_a expanded_a bubble_n fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o their_o passage_n raise_v the_o water_n before_o they_o till_o the_o air_n be_v again_o permit_v to_o re-enter_v the_o receiver_n and_o then_o they_o whole_o disappear_v from_o which_o observation_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v infer_v first_o body_n under_o water_n may_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o incumbent_a water_n second_o it_o can_v be_v hence_o infer_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o it_o since_o it_o may_v more_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o from_o any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o 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also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o

small_a part_n and_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n by_o heat_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v turn_v into_o air_n that_o in_o chemical_a distillation_n it_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o liquor_n and_o likewise_o volatile_a spirit_n and_o salt_n though_o their_o part_n swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o the_o former_a present_o condense_a into_o a_o liquor_n and_o the_o latter_a into_o salt_n and_o further_o it_o may_v again_o be_v urge_v that_o though_o the_o part_n of_o water_n may_v be_v put_v in_o such_o a_o agitation_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o counterfeit_v the_o form_n of_o air_n yet_o since_o the_o quick_a coalition_n of_o those_o part_n into_o a_o fluid_a form_n argue_v the_o impossibility_n of_o give_v they_o a_o due_a texture_n requisite_a to_o add_v to_o air_n the_o springiness_n observable_a in_o it_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o the_o possibility_n of_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n and_o that_o a_o bare_a motion_n and_o agitation_n of_o part_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o add_v springiness_n to_o a_o body_n appear_v from_o the_o forego_n experiment_n concern_v a_o piece_n of_o match_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n where_o the_o agitate_a part_n of_o smoak_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n capable_a of_o hinder_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o though_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o grate_v of_o iron_n have_v be_v so_o much_o corrode_v in_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v into_o powder_n like_o parch_a straw_n and_o though_o the_o accurate_a varenius_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o issand_n call_v azore_n that_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n even_o the_o tile_n of_o the_o house_n have_v be_v corrode_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o argument_n that_o such_o corrosive_a humour_n may_v put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o air_n since_o such_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o corrosive_a steam_n mix_v with_o it_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v endow_v with_o the_o true_a quality_n of_o air_n that_o they_o may_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n retain_v their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o sublime_v of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v have_v a_o subtle_a saline_n body_n which_o will_v not_o only_o rise_v itself_o retain_v its_o own_o nature_n but_o will_v also_o raise_v the_o substance_n of_o gold_n along_o with_o it_o who_o part_n will_v also_o retain_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n like_o pure_a gold_n i_o remember_v that_o once_o have_v tie_v a_o bladder_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n when_o the_o water_n be_v force_v out_o into_o it_o so_o as_o to_o distend_v it_o we_o slip_v it_o off_o and_o have_v tie_v it_o close_o put_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n where_o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o 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neck_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o suck_v in_o water_n it_o will_v raise_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o water_n too_o much_o expanded_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o if_o when_o that_o aeolipile_n be_v almost_o full_a of_o water_n a_o live_a coal_n be_v hold_v before_o the_o neck_n it_o will_v manifest_o be_v kindle_v by_o very_o vehement_a steam_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o it_o which_o will_v have_v the_o more_o powerful_a effect_n the_o near_a the_o coal_n be_v hold_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n but_o since_o by_o hold_v a_o knife_n before_o these_o steam_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v upon_o it_o into_o water_n and_o thence_o appear_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v acquire_v the_o nature_n of_o air_n as_o to_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o relation_n from_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o a_o famous_a hudraulick_n engine_n 15_o see_v figure_n the_o 15_o which_o he_o make_v by_o the_o order_n of_o innocent_a the_o ten_o the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n be_v the_o follow_v cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont._n innocentii_fw-la x._o mandato_n organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cura_fw-la mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la seu_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la a_o h_n quinque_fw-la pedum_n latitudine_fw-la tres_fw-la fere_n ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la continebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la c_o d_o &_o e_o f_o in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la foraminibus_fw-la pertusi_fw-la paulò_fw-la infrà_fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_fw-la h_n 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contortum_fw-la vasi_n s_n aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la vrnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la insertum_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_n in_fw-la organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosi_fw-la q_o r_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la z_o inseritur_fw-la anemothaecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la and_o i_o rather_o cite_v this_o account_n because_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o kircher_n own_o observation_n and_o have_v i_o when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n take_v notice_n of_o these_o engine_n and_o find_v that_o the_o effluviae_n which_o blow_v the_o organ_n be_v not_o again_o condense_v into_o water_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v it_o not_o impossible_a to_o turn_v water_n into_o air_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a that_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v supply_v so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o blow_v the_o organ_n i_o therefore_o be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n put_v into_o a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n since_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o i_o pass_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n that_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a straighten_a betwixt_o two_o rock_n which_o be_v so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v with_o one_o foot_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o other_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n to_o appear_v like_o a_o mist_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o such_o vapour_n shall_v pass_v through_o a_o leaden_a pipe_n of_o such_o a_o length_n since_o we_o see_v that_o vapour_n be_v condense_v into_o liquids_n in_o a_o much_o less_o time_n in_o the_o head_n of_o alembic_n and_o the_o neck_n of_o aeolipile_n when_o once_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o

part_n be_v check_v by_o cold._n but_o leave_v this_o plausible_a though_o not_o satisfactory_a experiment_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o another_o which_o be_v this_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o three_o ounce_n with_o near_a equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n half_o a_o dozen_o iron_n nail_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o we_o stop_v the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o the_o tube_n with_o diapalma_n so_o close_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n altogether_o which_o be_v do_v we_o immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o this_o bubble_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o the_o same_o liquor_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n perceive_v bubble_n to_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o nail_n and_o this_o air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a neck_n 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into_o each_o other_o may_v further_o be_v urge_v as_o nothing_o but_o what_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v and_o allow_v of_o but_o we_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o if_o what_o democritus_n lucippus_n and_o epicurus_n together_o with_o other_o naturalist_n teach_v be_v allow_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o different_a figure_n shape_v and_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n they_o consist_v of_o it_o will_v be_v reasonable_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v alter_v they_o may_v acquire_v the_o several_a quality_n of_o air_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n may_v by_o a_o lucky_a concourse_n of_o cause_n become_v springy_a so_o silver_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o hammer_n acquire_v springiness_n which_o it_o lose_v by_o be_v heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o become_v flexible_a experiment_n xxiii_o prosecute_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v in_o prosecution_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n with_o common_a water_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n and_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v at_o the_o top_n half_o a_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o inch_n this_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n ply_v when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n and_o break_v but_o all_o of_o they_o find_v a_o easy_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n do_v not_o elevate_v it_o as_o when_o they_o ascend_v in_o a_o narrow_a cylinder_n but_o upon_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o expand_v than_o common_a water_n i_o put_v two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n which_o wrought_v to_o the_o middle_a of_o its_o neck_n but_o it_o neither_o swell_v nor_o yield_v bubble_n upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air._n but_o have_v put_v distil_v water_n into_o two_o distinct_a philosophical_a egg_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o former_a being_n straighten_a with_o a_o glass_n tube_n we_o place_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v a_o manifest_a difference_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v straighten_a the_o air_n manifest_o elevate_a the_o water_n several_a bubble_n be_v gather_v about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n whereas_o in_o the_o other_o egg_n the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o elevate_v and_o though_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o last-mentioned_a disappear_v upon_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n those_o above_o the_o tube_n continue_v visible_a only_o a_o little_a contract_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v before_o elevate_v be_v depress_v low_a than_o when_o first_o put_v into_o the_o egg._n and_o after_o a_o day_n time_n have_v again_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o much_o draw_v out_o before_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o but_o that_o in_o which_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v place_v swell_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barley_n corn_n though_o the_o other_o do_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n it_o subside_v again_o and_o whether_o that_o swelling_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la airy_a part_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v experiment_n xxiv_o liquor_n the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n have_v put_v salad_n oil_n into_o a_o glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n who_o stem_n be_v near_o â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o liquor_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o the_o like_a vessel_n fill_v to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o water_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n be_v not_o only_o more_o copious_a than_o those_o of_o the_o water_n but_o rise_v much_o soon_o as_o well_o as_o long_o continue_v till_o the_o pumper_n be_v quite_o tire_v with_o pump_v and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v close_v and_o the_o pump_n put_v into_o action_n it_o subside_v near_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o bubble_n which_o expanded_a themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o will_v sometime_o raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o but_o beside_o the_o forego_n we_o try_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o other_o liquor_n among_o which_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n and_o those_o much_o late_a than_o other_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n likewise_o yield_v very_o few_o red_a wine_n afford_v bubble_n pretty_a plentiful_o which_o change_v place_n by_o move_v in_o a_o oblique_a ascent_n and_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o froth_n near_o the_o top_n which_o present_o disappear_v milk_n afford_v plentiful_a bubble_n which_o elevate_v that_o liquor_n more_o than_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o put_v egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o substance_n contain_v in_o the_o shell_n will_v break_v they_o leave_v the_o film_n within_o it_o whole_a as_o that_o substance_n freeze_v have_v do_v but_o it_o succeed_v not_o we_o put_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o glass_n egg_n fill_v another_o up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o neck_n with_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o add_v as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o raise_v it_o half_o a_o inch_n high_o and_o into_o a_o glass_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n we_o pour_v rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o â…”_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o three_o be_v mark_v we_o put_v they_o into_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n afford_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o form_v a_o froth_n upon_o which_o several_a large_a bubble_n lay_v which_o be_v place_v one_o above_o another_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v bubble_n till_o we_o be_v weary_a

of_o pump_v which_o ascend_v very_o swift_o and_o immediate_o disappear_v at_o the_o top_n first_o lift_v up_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o thin_a film_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o bubble_n in_o their_o ascent_n be_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o water_n and_o wine_n make_v a_o line_n which_o on_o each_o side_n appear_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v and_o last_o in_o this_o spirit_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o order_n which_o these_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o be_v in_o line_n parallel_v and_o of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o the_o bubble_n likewise_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o bracelet_n one_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o a_o certain_a point_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n when_o air_n return_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bubble_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n gradual_o subside_v yet_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v depress_v below_o the_o mark_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n continue_v expanded_a near_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o i_o find_v to_o succeed_v upon_o several_a trial_n experiment_n xxv_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n have_v fill_v a_o wide-mouthed_a jar_n with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n we_o sink_v two_o glass-viol_n who_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o eight_o figure_n one_o of_o which_o contain_v just_a so_o much_o of_o a_o ponderous_n mercurial_a mixture_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o cover_v with_o white_a wax_n the_o other_o be_v weigh_v down_o by_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n be_v downward_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o former_a fill_v three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o latter_a be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o pea._n these_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n at_o the_o last_o so_o many_o bubble_n rise_v up_o to_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o be_v able_a by_o expand_v themselves_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o water_n to_o fly_v out_o and_o make_v the_o viol_n emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o jar_n where_o at_o every_o exsuction_n it_o continue_v to_o expand_v till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o part_n to_o evacuate_v itself_o upon_o which_o it_o present_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o before_o and_o eight_o time_n after_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n but_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o again_o it_o present_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o it_o continue_v at_o the_o bottom_n all_o the_o while_n but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v it_o raise_v itself_o considerable_o but_o about_o sixty_o parcel_n of_o air_n as_o big_a as_o pea_n find_v vent_n and_o get_v out_o it_o present_o subside_v though_o upon_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o rise_v again_o and_o subside_v which_o successive_a ascent_n and_o descent_n it_o continue_v nine_o time_n after_o after_o the_o pump_n cease_v work_v but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o it_o be_v present_o fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o experiment_n that_o hydrostatical_a rule_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o its_o equal_a proportion_n in_o bulk_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v likewise_o true_a when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o experiment_n xxvi_o pendulum_n concern_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o be_v usual_o teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n be_v something_o quick_a according_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o move_v in_o be_v thin_a we_o suspend_v one_o which_o weigh_v about_o twenty_o drachm_n in_o our_o receiver_n fix_v it_o to_o the_o cover_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v fix_v another_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n without_o the_o receiver_n we_o give_v they_o both_o a_o equal_a motion_n and_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o latter_a make_v twenty_o vibration_n the_o former_a count_v twenty_o but_o the_o pendulum_n be_v afterward_o put_v into_o motion_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o it_o be_v exhaust_v continue_v its_o vibration_n to_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n in_o both_o so_o that_o from_o what_o we_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o vibration_n in_o air_n and_o that_o more_o rarify_v medium_fw-la viz._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a experiment_n xxvii_o sound_n concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n it_o have_v be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v but_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o a_o tube_n and_o upon_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la be_v leave_v there_o a_o loadstone_n apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n will_v attract_v the_o steel-clapper_n which_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o loadstone_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bell_n and_o cause_v a_o audible_a sound_n he_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v must_v be_v much_o more_o subtle_a than_o the_o air._n but_o to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a we_o suspend_v a_o watch_n in_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o packthread_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o only_o audible_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o that_o that_o which_o be_v likewise_o perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n hold_v near_o the_o cover_n be_v different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o sound_n though_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o pendulum_n continue_v its_o motion_n yet_o upon_o admit_v of_o air_n again_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o slight_a a_o stroke_n as_o that_o of_o the_o pendulum_n shall_v give_v such_o a_o impulse_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n strong_a enough_o to_o put_v the_o external_n air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o have_v support_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o large_a stick_n which_o reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sound_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o equal_o as_o sharp_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a variation_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o evince_n that_o a_o subtle_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o propagate_a sound_n no_o more_o than_o air_n however_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n try_v with_o a_o bell_n suspend_v in_o a_o glass-tube_n it_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n be_v suspect_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o whole_o void_a of_o air_n since_o experience_n inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fill_v the_o glass-cylind_a so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n void_a of_o air_n since_o the_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n fly_v up_o into_o it_o and_o further_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v the_o principal_a medium_fw-la of_o sound_n we_o may_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o a_o former_a experiment_n that_o though_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o our_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v audible_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dead_a than_o when_o make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o like_a variation_n be_v observable_a in_o all_o other_o sound_v make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxviii_o air._n the_o eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o air._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xxth_z experiment_n viz._n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o body_n encompass_v by_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v

expose_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o put_v a_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o well_o stop_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n find_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o another_o which_o be_v not_o so_o close_o stop_v be_v put_v in_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o several_a bubble_n present_o appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n from_o which_o trial_n it_o appear_v that_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v include_v the_o water_n appear_v as_o if_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a prosecution_n of_o our_o design_n in_o this_o experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o by_o turn_v the_o glass-stopper_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n we_o so_o screw_v up_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o break_v it_o and_o thereby_o make_v way_n for_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o a_o number_n of_o bubble_n present_o rise_v in_o the_o water_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n invert_v but_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v with_o less_o trouble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o little_a receiver_n where_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v more_o expeditious_a in_o one_o of_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o red_a wine_n instead_o of_o water_n it_o appear_v immediate_o frothy_a like_a bottle-ale_n though_o open_v less_o cautious_o experiment_n xxix_o vapour_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n to_o show_v whether_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n be_v rather_o promote_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o air_n than_o that_o their_o ascent_n depend_v on_o their_o own_o positive_a lightness_n i_o convey_v a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v for_o other_o purpose_n into_o our_o receiver_n it_o consist_v of_o metalline_a ingredient_n which_o upon_o unstop_v of_o the_o bottle_n will_v emit_v copious_a steam_n like_o the_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n but_o upon_o stop_v of_o it_o again_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bottle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o liquor_n become_v transparent_a and_o this_o liquor_n be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n with_o a_o weight_n affix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v up_o when_o the_o cork_n be_v pull_v out_o we_o tie_v a_o string_n to_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o and_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n we_o screw_v the_o cork_n out_o of_o the_o bottle_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o some_o part_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n raise_v a_o few_o yet_o the_o fume_n do_v not_o rise_v as_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n but_o lift_v up_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o agitation_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o no_o high_a but_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o stream_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o phaenomenon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bottle_n be_v take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n fume_n plentiful_o rise_v as_o before_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o steam_n in_o a_o medium_fw-la thin_a than_o themselves_o may_v tend_v downward_o experiment_n xxx_o smoak_n the_o nature_n of_o fluid_a body_n illustrate_v by_o smoak_n to_o show_v how_o much_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n emulate_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n we_o enclose_v a_o light_a match_n in_o our_o little_a receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o smoke_n we_o take_v the_o match_n out_o leave_v the_o smoke_n behind_o close_v the_o receiver_n again_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fly_v away_o upon_o which_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o smoke_n settle_v itself_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o receiver_n so_o far_o emulate_v a_o fluid_a as_o to_o change_v its_o horizontal_a superficies_n as_o the_o glass_n be_v various_o incline_v as_o also_o upon_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o vibrate_n and_o undulate_v motion_n as_o liquids_n usual_o be_v which_o it_o lose_v again_o by_o degree_n when_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v part_v of_o it_o will_v flow_v out_o like_o red_a wine_n out_o of_o a_o bottle_n when_o the_o neck_n be_v invert_v and_o immerse_v in_o water_n the_o air_n gradual_o ascend_v into_o the_o receiver_n in_o its_o room_n beside_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o a_o hot_a iron_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o smoke_n be_v present_o raise_v in_o a_o stream_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n keep_v distinct_a superficies_n from_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n yet_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o recess_n of_o that_o heat_n it_o will_v again_o subside_o and_o these_o thing_n be_v consider_v as_o likewise_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o proportionable_a quantity_n as_o to_o extension_n of_o other_o liquor_n it_o may_v not_o be_v absurd_a to_o mention_v the_o atmosphere_n among_o other_o liquid_n especial_o since_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o we_o may_v rational_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v several_a inequality_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o smoke_n since_o the_o inequality_n of_o its_o upper_a superficies_n be_v not_o altogether_o indiscernible_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o setting-sun_n with_o a_o good_a telescope_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n we_o may_v perceive_v the_o surface_n of_o it_o rough_a with_o several_a inequality_n which_o curl_n along_o like_a wave_n in_o the_o sea_n experiment_n xxxi_o body_n concern_v the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n to_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n when_o rarify_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o exsuction_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o try_v a_o experiment_n former_o more_o full_o take_v notice_n of_o with_o two_o flat_a polish_a marble_n for_o have_v fasten_v a_o weight_n of_o about_o four_o ounce_n to_o the_o low_a and_o wet_v the_o flat_a superficies_n of_o they_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o we_o put_v they_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n after_o several_a exsuction_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v up_o the_o under-stone_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o how_o strong_a the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n may_v be_v we_o have_v a_o notable_a instance_n relate_v p._n nic._n zucchius_n apud_fw-la schot_n part._n 1._o mec._n hydraulopneum_fw-la who_o say_v juveni_fw-la lacertorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la robur_fw-la jactanti_fw-la proposita_fw-la semel_fw-la est_fw-la laminea_fw-la aerea_fw-la per_fw-la ansam_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la extantem_fw-la apprehensam_fw-la elevanda_fw-la è_fw-la tabula_fw-la marmorea_fw-la cvi_fw-la optimè_fw-la congruebat_fw-la tum_o instantibus_fw-la amiciss_fw-la manum_fw-la utramque_fw-la admovens_fw-la cum_fw-la luctatus_fw-la diu_fw-la harentem_fw-la removisset_fw-la excusavit_fw-la impotentiam_fw-la objecta_fw-la peregrini_fw-la &_o potentissimi_fw-la glutinis_fw-la interpositione_n quo_fw-la fortissimè_fw-la copulante_fw-la nequiret_fw-la divelli_fw-la donec_fw-la vidit_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la per_fw-la tabulam_fw-la facillimè_fw-la laminam_fw-la deduci_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la extrema_fw-la productam_fw-la &_o actam_fw-la in_o transversum_fw-la inde_fw-la deportari_fw-la but_o to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o two_o body_n may_v stick_v together_o by_o have_v their_o surface_n contiguous_a only_o in_o a_o small_a compass_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o experiment_n make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxxii_o stop-cock_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n on_o a_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o external_n orifice_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n have_v exhaust_v our_o receiver_n and_o take_v it_o off_o the_o pump_n we_o apply_v a_o taper_a valve_n of_o brass_n such_o as_o the_o nine_o figure_n represent_v the_o taper_n end_v be_v put_v into_o the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o the_o chink_n betwixt_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o diachylon_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o door_n of_o that_o valve_n be_v fix_v a_o button_n to_o which_o a_o scale_n be_v hang_v to_o hold_v weight_n in_o and_o then_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v the_o atmosphere_n make_v such_o a_o strong_a pressure_n to_o get_v in_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o valve_n close_o to_o the_o orifice_n till_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v overpower_v it_o be_v present_o draw_v down_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o

be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v but_o moderate_o exhaust_v and_o though_o it_o leak_v considerable_o yet_o the_o weight_n support_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o its_o pressure_n shall_v be_v so_o considerable_a if_o we_o do_v but_o think_v how_o large_a the_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o recoil_v from_o the_o ground_n press_v against_o it_o be_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xxxiii_o concern_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n what_o weight_n will_v draw_v it_o down_o and_o how_o much_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o suction_n etc._n etc._n consider_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n consider_v to_o compute_v more_o exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n we_o impel_v the_o cylinder_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pump_n take_v off_o the_o receiver_n and_o fix_v just_o such_o a_o weight_n to_o one_o of_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o sucker_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o sucker_n impel_v up_o again_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v exact_o stop_v and_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o iron-sucker_n by_o cast_v in_o so_o many_o weight_n as_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n we_o be_v true_o inform_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o equal_a diameter_n with_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_n by_o which_o method_n we_o find_v that_o the_o sucker_n which_o require_v 28_o pound_n of_o lead_n to_o draw_v it_o down_o be_v not_o draw_v down_o with_o less_o than_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v stop_v though_o upon_o turn_v of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o let_v in_o air_n it_o will_v ready_o fall_v without_o that_o weight_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o descent_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o buoy_v up_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sucker_n sucker_n what_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v suspend_v at_o the_o sucker_n this_o experiment_n be_v try_v and_o the_o sucker_n be_v forcible_o draw_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o sucker_n which_o be_v not_o a_o little_a admire_v by_o the_o stander-by_n because_o they_o see_v no_o force_n use_v to_o lift_v it_o up_o and_o though_o by_o such_o trial_n we_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n yet_o as_o a_o famous_a poet_n say_v est_fw-fr quoddam_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la ultra_fw-la but_o be_v this_o experiment_n try_v at_o several_a season_n in_o the_o year_n and_o in_o several_a clime_n as_o well_o as_o in_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n it_o may_v render_v our_o guess_n more_o certain_a as_o to_o the_o height_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o whether_o it_o vary_v considerable_o at_o such_o distant_a time_n for_o the_o place_n where_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n be_v try_v be_v about_o 51_o degree_n latitude_n be_v try_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o about_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o not_o to_o spend_v so_o much_o time_n as_o will_v be_v take_v up_o with_o all_o the_o reflection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n i_o shall_v consider_v some_o few_o inference_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o and_o first_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o weight_n fix_v to_o it_o we_o may_v call_v in_o question_n what_o some_o teach_v concern_v suction_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o endeavour_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v in_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v say_v to_o suck_v for_o though_o when_o we_o suck_v a_o thing_n with_o our_o mouth_n there_o be_v a_o manifest_a endeavour_n of_o our_o mouth_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v yet_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o so_o dispose_v by_o any_o endeavour_n in_o the_o glass-tube_n nor_o can_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v attribute_v to_o any_o suck_a force_n of_o every_o part_n include_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n since_o it_o appear_v not_o how_o such_o airy_a particle_n shall_v be_v hook_a in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o sucker_n or_o how_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v such_o a_o weight_n nay_o that_o those_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v not_o draw_v it_o up_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o by_o admit_v more_o air_n in_o that_o supposititious_a suck_a quality_n be_v diminish_v and_o not_o increase_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o endeavour_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n though_o a_o little_a more_o air_n be_v let_v in_o as_o there_o be_v before_o since_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o vacuity_n nor_o can_v the_o weaken_a attraction_n upon_o let_v in_o of_o air_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o vacuity_n but_o rather_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n since_o when_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o weight_n be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n when_o void_a of_o air._n vacuum_n consideration_n concern_v a_o vacuum_n but_o to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o further_o we_o may_v be_v direct_v what_o to_o think_v of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o have_v be_v so_o long_o hold_v as_o a_o axiom_n in_o the_o school_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v neither_o have_v sense_n to_o perceive_v any_o ill_a consequence_n in_o the_o universe_n which_o will_v ensue_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o know_v how_o as_o intelligent_a part_n of_o matter_n to_o prevent_v it_o for_o if_o they_o do_v nature_n may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o great_a many_o case_n to_o act_v very_o irrational_o to_o effect_v her_o design_n since_o in_o the_o xxxii_o d_o experiment_n instead_o of_o rush_v into_o the_o receiver_n she_o less_o cautious_o raise_v up_o the_o valve_n and_o keep_v herself_o out_o but_o i_o say_v beside_o the_o insensibility_n of_o matter_n it_o may_v far_o be_v urge_v against_o that_o axiom_n that_o the_o endeavour_n which_o those_o body_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v rather_o be_v to_o fill_v than_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n since_o upon_o the_o draw_v down_o of_o that_o valve_n the_o air_n which_o rush_v in_o can_v not_o prevent_v what_o be_v already_o in_o be_v beside_o in_o our_o xixth_z experiment_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o the_o water_n which_o descend_v into_o the_o tube_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o rather_o keep_v its_o place_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o why_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v before_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air._n moreover_o the_o air_n may_v rather_o be_v say_v to_o rush_v in_o again_o as_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o neighbour_a air_n than_o a_o design_n to_o fill_v the_o vacuity_n since_o from_o our_o xviith_z experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o sucker_n find_v the_o spring_n of_o subsequent_a air_n impel_v by_o it_o still_o force_v more_o into_o it_o and_o even_o in_o windgun_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o air_n compress_v as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o receiver_n may_v be_v squeeze_v into_o half_a the_o room_n and_o from_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n it_o may_v further_o be_v deduce_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o metaphorical_o speak_v body_n may_v seem_v to_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n to_o shun_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n or_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a air_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o press_v down_o or_o buoy_v up_o one_o another_o for_o from_o our_o nineteenth_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v away_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o subside_o though_o it_o leave_v no_o air_n behind_o it_o but_o further_a from_o this_o

last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o

bubble_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n bring_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v again_o lose_v upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o it_o so_o that_o have_v the_o air_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bubble_n may_v probable_o have_v weigh_v a_o whole_a grain_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v real_o depress_v the_o balance_n to_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v fix_v we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n when_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v open_a and_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n in_o the_o least_o to_o preponderate_v but_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n be_v equal_o poise_v with_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n manifest_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n though_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o be_v considerable_o expanded_a when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n air._n the_o penetrate_a power_n 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into_o their_o pore_n which_o air_n be_v not_o for_o have_v convey_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n who_o orifice_n be_v as_o small_a as_o a_o pin_n that_o air_n be_v incapable_a of_o pass_v through_o so_o small_a a_o poor_a keep_v the_o water_n above_o it_o suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o bubble_n by_o blow_v into_o the_o wide_a orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v and_o squeeze_v out_o water_n pass_v through_o that_o small_a orifice_n without_o any_o other_o force_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o inability_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o such_o pore_n which_o water_n will_v ready_o enough_o will_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o hold_v water_n in_o a_o tube_n the_o low_a end_n of_o which_o be_v very_o narrow_a and_o perforate_v with_o a_o poor_a no_o long_o than_o a_o hair_n for_o the_o water_n will_v ready_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v invert_v the_o water_n in_o the_o narrow_a end_n of_o that_o pipe_n will_v be_v suspend_v as_o if_o the_o end_n be_v whole_o unperforate_v the_o air_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v through_o so_o small_a a_o passage_n and_o that_o water_n will_v pass_v through_o pore_n which_o air_n will_v not_o may_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o put_v a_o little_a alkalizate_a salt_n into_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n for_o by_o wet_v the_o end_n of_o the_o bladder_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o water_n pass_v through_o its_o pore_n will_v present_o dissolve_v that_o salt_n expansion_n the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o have_v hint_v before_o concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o air_n in_o a_o bubble_n so_o violent_o as_o to_o break_v it_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n cabaeus_n say_v he_o see_v a_o pillar_n so_o thick_a that_o three_o man_n can_v not_o grasp_v it_o and_o that_o 1000_o yoke_n of_o ox_n can_v not_o tear_v it_o in_o piece_n yet_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o cranny_n of_o it_o so_o violent_o expanded_a upon_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o fire_n near_o it_o that_o it_o fly_v in_o piece_n though_o the_o pillar_n be_v make_v of_o so_o solid_a stone_n as_o marble_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o sometime_o the_o bubble_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n do_v not_o break_v as_o at_o other_o it_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n by_o heat_n when_o they_o be_v seal_v the_o include_v air_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o heat_n contract_v itself_o and_o lose_v part_n of_o its_o springiness_n but_o this_o guess_v we_o can_v whole_o rely_v on_o but_o air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n to_o determine_v more_o exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o heat_v a_o aeolipile_n of_o copper_n as_o hot_a as_o we_o can_v convenient_o and_o remove_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n we_o stop_v the_o neck_n with_o hard_a wax_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n which_o be_v weigh_v when_o cold_a counterpoise_v six_o ounce_n six_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o nine_o grain_n but_o the_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o rush_v in_o by_o perforate_n the_o wax_n with_o a_o needle_n the_o aeolipile_n and_o wax_v balance_v a_o additional_a weight_n of_o 11_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o it_o weigh_v half_o a_o scruple_n and_o a_o grain_n and_o though_o mersennus_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v rarify_v the_o air_n to_o seventy_o time_n its_o bulk_n in_o a_o aeolipile_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v impossible_a to_o i_o except_o the_o metal_n his_o be_v make_v of_o will_v bear_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n without_o melt_v than_o we_o will_v to_o rarify_v and_o expel_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o beside_o the_o method_n he_o take_v seem_v much_o less_o exact_a than_o we_o since_o he_o weigh_v the_o aeolipile_n whilst_o hot_a which_o may_v throw_v off_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o scale_n as_o we_o have_v often_o observe_v the_o weight_n of_o which_o in_o weigh_v so_o light_a a_o body_n as_o air_n may_v be_v considerable_a etc._n proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n and_o water_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n and_o galileo_n have_v by_o different_a method_n make_v very_o different_a computation_n and_o mersennus_n have_v assert_v it_o to_o be_v as_o 1300_o to_o 1._o yet_o by_o the_o most_o accurate_a computation_n we_o can_v make_v in_o our_o aeolipile_n the_o difference_n appear_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o as_o 1_o to_o 938._o i_o shall_v not_o whole_o reject_v what_o mersennus_n relate_v but_o rather_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o difference_n by_o represent_v that_o my_o observation_n be_v not_o only_o make_v in_o this_o climate_n in_o london_n where_o it_o be_v much_o cold_a than_o at_o paris_n but_o also_o at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o winter_n be_v cold_a at_o which_o time_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o five_o part_n heavy_a than_o at_o paris_n when_o mersennus_n make_v his_o observation_n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n in_o several_a country_n and_o at_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n atmosphere_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o about_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o observation_n already_o deliver_v determine_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o whence_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n proceed_v but_o though_o it_o may_v be_v no_o difficult_a task_n to_o

show_v that_o the_o account_n give_v by_o other_o be_v false_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o easy_a to_o determine_v a_o controversy_n in_o which_o the_o truth_n be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v assign_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o lay_v down_o something_o in_o order_n to_o the_o elucidation_n of_o it_o and_o first_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o water_n about_o london_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v as_o 1000_o to_o 1._o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o consider_v the_o difference_n in_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n to_o discover_v which_o i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n such_o as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o sixteenth_o figure_n first_o see_v plate_n the_o first_o which_o be_v partly_o fill_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o hold_v in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o each_o leg_n be_v in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n e._n f._n i._n pour_v water_n into_o one_o leg_n till_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o to_o the_o top_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v weigh_v down_o from_o e._n to_o b._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o other_o be_v raise_v from_o f._n to_o c._n so_o that_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o the_o tube_n of_o mercury_n d._n c._n which_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o we_o find_v it_o to_o amount_v to_o 2_o 13_o 54_o inch_n the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n b._n a._n which_o counterpoise_v the_o mercury_n be_v 30_o 45_o 54_o inch_n and_o the_o whole_a number_n with_o the_o fraction_n be_v reduce_v to_o improper_a fraction_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n the_o proportion_n be_v as_o 121_o to_o 1665_o or_o by_o reduction_n as_o one_o to_o 92_o 121._o beside_o this_o we_o take_v another_o method_n to_o discover_v the_o proportion_n of_o these_o two_o liquor_n by_o weigh_v they_o in_o a_o glass_n bubble_n by_o which_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 13_o 19_o 28_o and_o because_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v usual_o esteem_v the_o light_a of_o liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n the_o heavy_a i_o weigh_v that_o likewise_o and_o find_v the_o proportion_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o to_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 16_o 641_o 1084._o so_o that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n be_v as_o 1_o 44_o 171_o and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o i_o the_o rather_o weigh_v these_o liquor_n in_o a_o bubble_n because_o when_o they_o be_v weigh_v in_o open_a vessel_n the_o protuberant_a surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o water_n make_v it_o a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o proportion_v they_o exact_o if_o the_o superficies_n be_v large_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o mercury_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v lay_v down_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n and_o of_o water_n to_o quicksilver_n it_o will_v be_v no_o very_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n and_o since_o from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o quicksilver_n be_v as_o 14000_o to_o 1_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o mercury_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a must_v amount_v to_o 35000_o foot_n of_o our_o english_a measure_n or_o seven_o complete_a mile_n suppose_v the_o air_n to_o be_v equal_o compress_v above_o as_o here_o below_o but_o this_o computation_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v so_o exact_a since_o not_o only_o seneca_n nat._n quaest._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 10._o say_v omnis_fw-la aer_fw-la quo_fw-la propior_fw-la est_fw-la terris_fw-la hoc_fw-la crassior_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la &_o in_fw-la omni_fw-la humour_n faex_fw-la ima_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la spississima_fw-la quaeque_fw-la desidunt_fw-la but_o it_o likewise_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n since_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v considerable_o compress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o what_o lie_v upon_o it_o beside_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v expanded_a by_o heat_n to_o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o time_n its_o bulk_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improbable_a but_o that_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v reach_v to_o some_o hundred_o of_o miles_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v enable_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o height_n to_o which_o some_o vapour_n may_v ascend_v allow_v what_o emanuel_n magnen_n a_o diligent_a mathematician_n observe_v at_o tolouse_n in_o a_o clear_a night_n in_o august_n for_o as_o ricciolus_n record_v it_o vidit_fw-la ab_fw-la horâ_fw-la undecimâ_fw-la post_fw-la meridiem_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mediam_fw-la noctem_fw-la lunâ_fw-la infra_fw-la horizontem_fw-la positâ_fw-la nubeculam_fw-la quandam_fw-la lucidam_fw-la prope_fw-la meridianum_fw-la fere_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la zenith_n diffusam_fw-la quae_fw-la consideratis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la non_fw-la poterat_fw-la nisi_fw-la à_fw-la sole_fw-la illuminari_fw-la ideoque_fw-la altior_fw-la esse_fw-la debuit_fw-la tota_fw-la vmbra_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n further_o say_v addit_fw-la simile_n quid_fw-la evenisse_fw-la michaeli_n angelo_n riccio_n apud_fw-la sabinos_fw-la versanti_fw-la nempe_fw-la viro_fw-la in_o mathesi_n eruditissimo_fw-la but_o to_o conclude_v it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o estimate_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v observation_n of_o the_o density_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n make_v upon_o several_a part_n and_o on_o high_a mountain_n but_o till_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o we_o can_v arrive_v at_o some_o degree_n of_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o various_a degree_n of_o its_o rarefaction_n above_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v the_o height_n of_o it_o experiment_n xxxvii_o concern_v flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o first_o when_o our_o engine_n be_v make_v we_o observe_v upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n and_o turn_v the_o key_n several_a flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v if_o the_o window_n which_o face_v northward_o be_v darken_v and_o this_o phaenomenon_n depend_v on_o so_o unknown_a cause_n that_o upon_o often_o repeat_v trial_n i_o find_v that_o sometime_o it_o will_v appear_v and_o sometime_o not_o though_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o difference_n in_o the_o circumstance_n of_o these_o trial_n which_o make_v it_o difficult_a to_o bring_v our_o observation_n to_o any_o rule_n about_o it_o or_o to_o frame_v a_o hypothesis_n to_o account_n for_o the_o cause_n though_o the_o validity_n of_o some_o conjecture_n that_o have_v be_v make_v may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o follow_a trial_n and_o observation_n for_o first_o we_o find_v that_o the_o phaenomenon_n may_v as_o well_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o candle-light_n or_o daylight_n and_o however_o situate_v so_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n can_v but_o fall_v upon_o the_o receiver_n next_o the_o flash_n appear_v just_a when_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n out_o into_o the_o cylinder_n but_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v in_o a_o small_a one_o upon_o draw_v the_o sucker_n hasty_o down_o though_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v before_o and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o flash_n which_o appear_v when_o first_o the_o receiver_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v be_v much_o strong_a than_o when_o it_o be_v further_o evacuate_v and_o it_o be_v beside_o observable_a that_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o small_a receiver_n and_o the_o sucker_n have_v not_o be_v long_o before_o well_o oil_v the_o oil_n upon_o the_o draw_n of_o it_o down_o be_v put_v into_o agitation_n and_o divide_v into_o small_a part_n by_o the_o attrition_n of_o the_o pump_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o receiver_n like_o smoke_n which_o will_v likewise_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o valve_n when_o it_o be_v open_v on_o purpose_n and_o these_o fume_n if_o the_o glass_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o light_a place_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v luminous_a and_o what_o be_v further_a to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o when_o the_o flash_n be_v considerable_o great_a upon_o the_o disappearance_n of_o it_o the_o receiver_n will_v become_v opacous_a leave_v white_a steam_n upon_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o now_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v whence_o all_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v propose_v the_o follow_a conjecture_n viz._n first_o that_o have_v the_o phaenomenon_n constant_o succeed_v we_o shall_v have_v suspect_v the_o seem_a

light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o water_n and_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o crystal_n be_v throw_v very_o hot_a into_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v crack_v and_o have_v so_o many_o new_a surface_n within_o appear_v white_a which_o thing_n be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o improbable_a guest_n that_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n proceed_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n displace_v as_o to_o their_o posture_n and_o situation_n as_o whilst_o in_o that_o motion_n to_o disturb_v their_o former_a continuity_n and_o transparency_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o more_o air_n be_v include_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a be_v the_o whiteness_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o this_o viz._n that_o have_v exhaust_v the_o receiver_n and_o apply_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o disorder_v by_o so_o sudden_a a_o disilition_n of_o its_o part_n that_o it_o appear_v like_o milk_n but_o upon_o a_o sudden_a re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n become_v transparent_a again_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o the_o whiteness_n in_o water_n turn_v into_o bubble_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o interposition_n of_o so_o heterogeneous_a a_o body_n as_o air_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n mention_v two_o volatile_a liquor_n which_o be_v mix_v produce_v a_o white_a consistent_a body_n though_o both_o the_o ingredient_n be_v transparent_a but_o have_v convey_v some_o smoke_n into_o our_o receiver_n and_o observe_v upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n that_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o pump_n become_v opacous_a we_o suspect_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o former_a mention_a light_n sometime_o appear_v and_o sometime_o do_v not_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n more_o at_o one_o time_n than_o another_o which_o be_v dispose_v more_o to_o cause_v such_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o to_o afford_v the_o forenamed_a phaenomenon_n which_o be_v render_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v opaque_v when_o the_o smoke_n settle_v about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o what_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o our_o smoke_a liquor_n where_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o new_a motion_n become_v opacous_a instead_o of_o transparent_a and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v how_o the_o air_n shall_v abound_v with_o such_o various_a part_n of_o matter_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o unusual_a observation_n that_o the_o air_n undergo_v several_a and_o very_a frequent_a change_n for_o beside_o several_a instance_n which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o in_o america_n there_o be_v wind_n which_o natural_o trouble_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v it_o green_a and_o black_a other_o clear_a as_o crystal_n beside_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o pendula_fw-la as_o well_o as_o scale_n suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o their_o brightness_n upon_o draw_v out_o and_o let_v in_o the_o air._n and_o i_o once_o make_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o certain_a metalline_a substance_n which_o will_v become_v turbid_v and_o clear_v successive_o for_o several_a time_n for_o which_o strange_a phaenomenon_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v experiment_n xxxviii_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n and_o its_o expansion_n have_v convey_v a_o glass_n vessel_n into_o our_o receiver_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v a_o cylinder_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v a_o little_a fast_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n begin_v to_o freeze_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v and_o which_o swim_v about_o it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a and_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n in_o water_n freeze_v as_o not_o only_o to_o burst_v bottle_n in_o the_o wintertime_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v to_o separate_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o metal_n so_o that_o bell-metal_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o wet_a and_o that_o wet_a freeze_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o will_v fly_v in_o piece_n and_o cabeus_n in_o lib._n 4._o meteor_n aristot_n relate_v a_o no_o less_o memorable_a account_n of_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o will_v fly_v asunder_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o moisture_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n and_o freeze_v there_o where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o cold_a shall_v by_o freeze_a water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v whereas_o the_o effect_v it_o have_v upon_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_o to_o condense_a it_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o receiver_n a_o phaenomenon_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n into_o a_o oval_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n we_o cement_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o oval_a and_o then_o convey_v about_o six_o spoon_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o egg_n we_o blow_v it_o so_o full_a of_o air_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o suspend_v betwixt_o that_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o external_a air_n this_o weatherglass_n represent_v by_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o a_o 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weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o give_v way_n for_o want_v of_o a_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o convex_a and_o external_a superficies_n of_o it_o which_o guest_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a not_o only_o because_o the_o springiness_n of_o glass_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o bend_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o since_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o to_o its_o former_a height_n again_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o experiment_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n betwixt_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bubble_n every_o substance_n fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o glass_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n

aliment_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o as_o these_o instance_n show_v how_o unfit_a a_o air_n too_o gross_a be_v for_o respiration_n so_o that_o a_o air_n too_o thin_a be_v likewise_o prejudicial_a appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n already_o try_v in_o our_o receiver_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o our_o atmosphere_n he_o will_v die_v for_o want_v of_o breath_n in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o go_v up_o a_o high_a mountain_n in_o peru_n call_v pariacaca_fw-la which_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o alps_o as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v only_o as_o high_a tower_n he_o and_o his_o companion_n be_v take_v with_o excessive_a vomit_v together_o with_o blood_n which_o last_v till_o he_o come_v to_o a_o region_n more_o convenient_a for_o respiration_n and_o he_o likewise_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o the_o element_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a there_o that_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a for_o a_o man_n to_o breathe_v in_o the_o action_n of_o respiration_n require_v a_o grosser_n and_o more_o temperate_a air._n but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o respiration_n in_o carry_v off_o the_o recrement_n of_o the_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o those_o recrement_n shall_v so_o soon_o kill_v a_o animal_n as_o to_o cause_v bird_n enclose_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o die_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n for_o want_v of_o be_v carry_v off_o and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o account_v for_o such_o effect_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o paracelsus_n that_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o geneneration_n of_o a_o vital_a spirit_n since_o the_o interruption_n of_o its_o generation_n for_o so_o small_a a_o time_n can_v scarce_o be_v fatal_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o cornelius_n drebellus_fw-la make_v a_o boat_n for_o the_o learned_a king_n james_n which_o will_v swim_v under_o water_n in_o which_o to_o make_v the_o air_n include_v fit_a for_o respiration_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o open_v a_o vessel_n which_o contain_v a_o liquor_n which_o add_v such_o a_o vital_a spirit_n to_o the_o air_n as_o purge_v it_o of_o the_o grosser_n exhalation_n and_o condense_v they_o wherefore_o i_o be_o the_o more_o favourable_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o air_n may_v conduce_v to_o the_o preserurtion_n of_o vital_a spirit_n and_o that_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n as_o air_n to_o flame_n for_o have_v convey_v rectfy_v spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o no_o more_o than_o the_o vital_a flame_n of_o a_o animal_n if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o thing_n we_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissect_v a_o bitch_n and_o take_v out_o one_o of_o the_o whelp_n though_o we_o open_v his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o thorax_n and_o divide_v the_o diaphragm_n yet_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breathe_v his_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v above_o six_o hour_n whereas_o three_o more_o which_o be_v involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v all_o dead_a though_o they_o be_v neither_o wound_v nor_o have_v ever_o breathe_v how_o far_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o problem_n propose_v by_o dr._n harvey_n viz._n why_o a_o foetus_fw-la may_v live_v long_o before_o it_o have_v breathe_v if_o involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n than_o if_o when_o it_o have_v once_o respire_v respiration_n be_v stop_v we_o leave_v other_o to_o judge_v whether_o fish_n breathe_v or_o not_o under_o water_n especial_o those_o that_o want_v lung_n i_o can_v now_o determine_v but_o that_o air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v evince_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o fish_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o bottle_n which_o be_v close_o stop_v from_o the_o air_n or_o if_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n they_o present_o die_v and_o indeed_o consider_v how_o many_o particle_n of_o air_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o it_o pass_v through_o their_o gills_o or_o some_o other_o way_n and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o have_v put_v a_o large_a eel_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o exhaust_v the_o air_n she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o receiver_n be_v unstop_v and_o the_o fish_n take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n satisfy_v we_o of_o her_o recovery_n by_o very_o brisk_a and_o vivid_v motion_n but_o what_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o be_v admire_v have_v put_v a_o grey_a snail_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o but_o whence_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o now_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v any_o further_a whether_o the_o paradox_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o child_n respire_v in_o the_o womb_n only_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o fabulous_a that_o the_o foetus_fw-la have_v sometime_o be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o womb_n and_o chicken_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o pip_n in_o the_o eggshell_n before_o it_o be_v break_v which_o may_v be_v argument_n of_o a_o obscure_a respiration_n except_o it_o can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o such_o sound_n may_v arise_v from_o halituous_a vapour_n in_o the_o larynx_n and_o that_o they_o may_v will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a favour_v by_o observe_v what_o audible_a sound_v arise_v from_o the_o halituous_a vapour_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n force_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n hold_v in_o various_a posture_n but_o to_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v though_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o be_v accustom_a to_o want_v it_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o small_a time_n that_o such_o man_n be_v able_a to_o stay_v under_o water_n but_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v convey_v a_o humming-bee_n a_o flesh-f_o and_o a_o palmer-worm_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o minute_n time_n they_o all_o seem_v dead_a but_o present_o recover_v by_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o draw_v out_o they_o appear_v dead_a which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o so_o many_o curiously-contrived_a engine_n except_o those_o of_o man_n who_o wheel_n be_v set_v on_o go_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n agent_n for_o even_o those_o fly_n which_o present_o die_v in_o our_o receiver_n will_v crawl_v about_o even_o when_o their_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unworthy_a our_o observation_n that_o infect_v which_o want_n lung_n be_v no_o less_o sensible_o affect_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n than_o some_o that_o have_v they_o which_o may_v be_v ground_n for_o a_o suspicion_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o at_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o alive_a by_o a_o universal_a perspiration_n but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o digression_n though_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n have_v give_v i_o cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n yet_o since_o i_o believe_v it_o have_v some_o other_o use_v which_o be_v not_o yet_o explain_v i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o that_o say_v of_o st._n augustine_n mallem_fw-la quidem_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la à_fw-la i_o quaesivisti_fw-la habere_fw-la scientiam_fw-la quam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la id_fw-la nondum_fw-la potui_fw-la magis_fw-la eligo_fw-la cautam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la confiteri_fw-la quam_fw-la falsam_fw-la scientiam_fw-la profiteri_fw-la experiemint_n xlii_o receiver_n the_o different_a operation_n of_o corrosive_n in_o and_o without_o our_o receiver_n have_v fill_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o long-neck_n viol._n with_o ten_o sprig_n of_o coral_n and_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n as_o swim_v about_o a_o inch_n over_o they_o we_o place_v it_o in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o there_o appear_v but_o very_o few_o bubble_n yet_o upon_o a_o few_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o rise_v so_o plentiful_o as_o to_o make_v the_o menstruum_fw-la appear_v white_a the_o whole_a continue_v to_o boil_v and_o ferment_n as_o in_o a_o seething-pot_n as_o much_o froth_n stand_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o answer_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o in_o

the_o viol_n yet_o upon_o let_v in_o the_o air_n the_o froth_n present_o disappear_v and_o the_o liquor_n become_v transparent_a again_o and_o these_o phaenomena_n successive_o follow_v each_o other_o no_o less_o than_o five_o time_n as_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o ebullition_n in_o those_o trial_n upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o great_a sometime_o as_o to_o run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o that_o those_o numerous_a bubble_n may_v not_o be_v suspect_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o spirit_n itself_o we_o clear_v it_o of_o those_o before_o the_o coral_n be_v put_v in_o but_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n still_o succeed_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o considerable_a difference_n when_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v with_o powder_n of_o coral_n except_o that_o the_o liquor_n be_v obscure_v by_o several_a part_n of_o it_o carry_v up_o along_o with_o the_o bubble_n but_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o the_o ebullition_n be_v so_o violent_a yet_o the_o viol_n immediate_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n do_v not_o affect_v our_o hand_n with_o the_o least_o sensible_a heat_n experiment_n xliii_o liquor_n of_o the_o spontaneous_a ebullition_n of_o warm_a liquor_n have_v close_v in_o our_o receive_v a_o viol_n of_o four_o ounce_n fill_v with_o hot_a water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o air_n by_o boil_v we_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o four_o exsuction_n it_o begin_v to_o boil_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v over_o a_o hot_a fire_n so_o that_o part_n of_o it_o run_v over_o and_o continue_v boil_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o air_n be_v let_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o ebullition_n be_v again_o renew_v the_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pressure_n have_v more_o liberty_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n we_o may_v guess_v because_o the_o ebullition_n be_v only_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o that_o it_o be_v renew_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n but_o especial_o because_o salad-oil_n who_o part_n adhere_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o clamminess_n will_v not_o ferment_n yet_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n or_o wine_n will_v who_o part_n be_v not_o so_o tenacious_a the_o former_a rise_v five_o time_n its_o height_n and_o near_o four_o part_n of_o the_o latter_a run_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n on_o a_o great_a number_n of_o phaenomena_n than_o man_n usual_o think_v of_o especial_o where_o the_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v concern_v so_o that_o be_v a_o hot_a body_n convey_v above_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o effect_n of_o it_o will_v be_v different_a from_o what_o they_o be_v here_o below_o and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v have_v more_o power_n to_o dissipate_v themselves_o have_v thus_o far_o my_o dear_a lord_n give_v you_o a_o faithful_a historical_a account_n of_o the_o production_n of_o your_o lordship_n command_n if_o they_o may_v invite_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n at_o paris_n to_o a_o further_a prosecution_n of_o what_o discovery_n may_v be_v make_v by_o that_o engine_n i_o hope_v they_o may_v afford_v your_o lordship_n as_o much_o pleasure_n as_o they_o do_v i_o in_o endeavour_v to_o express_v myself_o your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a servant_n etc._n etc._n chap._n fourteen_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n defend_v against_o franciscus_n linus_n this_o chapter_n contain_v the_o honourable_a author_n vindication_n of_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o will_v not_o be_v requisite_a here_o to_o lay_v down_o all_o the_o trivial_a objection_n of_o franciscus_n linus_n which_o be_v easy_o answer_v by_o any_o one_o that_o have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v the_o author_n hypothesis_n and_o will_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n appear_v to_o be_v ill-grounded_a or_o invalid_a argument_n or_o rather_o false_a criticism_n but_o it_o be_v more_o consistent_a with_o the_o design_v epitome_n i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o hypothesis_n already_o lay_v down_o and_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o fill_v a_o epitome_n with_o what_o our_o judicious_a author_n do_v not_o repute_v as_o argument_n against_o his_o doctrine_n and_o especial_o because_o the_o learned_a world_n by_o their_o general_n consent_n have_v agree_v upon_o what_o the_o honourable_a author_n have_v teach_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o only_o those_o objection_n which_o may_v seem_v considerable_a and_o annex_v their_o solution_n answer_v the_o first_o argument_n of_o franciscus_n linus_n answer_v the_o first_o argument_n allege_v by_o franciscus_n linus_n be_v that_o do_v the_o suspension_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n depend_v on_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n when_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fill_v full_a and_o invert_v upon_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o a_o subtraction_n of_o the_o low_a finger_n the_o mercury_n will_v not_o subside_o be_v its_o descent_n not_o promote_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n for_o if_o it_o be_v that_o expansive_a force_n will_v raise_v the_o finger_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o which_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o include_v air_n may_v depress_v the_o mercury_n by_o its_o expansion_n downward_o without_o raise_v the_o finger_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o weak_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o must_v consequent_o press_v downward_o where_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v with_o it_o to_o overbalance_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o before_o buoy_v it_o up_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n dispose_v it_o to_o spend_v its_o expansive_a force_n downward_o appear_v from_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n suspend_v instead_o of_o mercury_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n downward_o equal_o as_o the_o mercury_n the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o press_v it_o down_o near_o so_o far_o and_o though_o the_o objector_n say_v that_o if_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v above_o the_o mercury_n it_o will_v not_o subside_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v only_o because_o the_o water_n want_v a_o springiness_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v down_o into_o the_o tube_n that_o only_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n the_o rarify_v air_n within_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o equal_a resistance_n to_o prevent_v the_o finger_n from_o be_v press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o though_o the_o objector_n further_o urge_v that_o he_o can_v conceive_v how_o the_o air_n can_v be_v so_o expanded_a without_o possess_v a_o great_a space_n we_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v that_o by_o compare_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n to_o a_o piece_n of_o wool_n squeeze_v together_o which_o when_o it_o be_v no_o long_o compress_v dilate_v it_o selt_z by_o virtue_n of_o its_o springy_a part_n objection_n a_o snd_a objection_n the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o long_a pipe_n about_o 40_o inch_n long_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o finger_n be_v take_v from_o the_o low_a orifice_n it_o fall_v down_o till_o it_o come_v to_o its_o usual_a station_n and_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v equal_o depress_v into_o the_o tube_n which_o evince_n that_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la which_o draw_v down_o the_o pulpy_n part_n of_o the_o finger_n but_o what_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o objection_n answer_v appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o the_o former_a for_o the_o mercury_n subside_v till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v and_o unable_a to_o buoy_v up_o against_o the_o finger_n the_o depression_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n though_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o pulp_n in_o the_o pipe_n may_v

perhaps_o partly_o proceed_v from_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o humour_n within_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v prevent_v from_o squeeze_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n answer_v a_o three_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n twenty_o inch_n long_o be_v immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v full_a the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a upon_o take_v away_o the_o low_a finger_n the_o pulp_n of_o the_o upper_a will_v be_v draw_v down_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o cylinder_n much_o long_o so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o the_o suspension_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n according_a to_o the_o elaterist_n but_o though_o this_o objection_n may_v seem_v to_o represent_v some_o difficulty_n yet_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v answer_v by_o thus_o explain_v the_o phaenomenon_n viz._n though_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v at_o both_o end_n the_o finger_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v equal_o pres'sd_v upon_o on_o both_o side_n yet_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n below_o though_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o finger_n continue_v to_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v by_o two_o three_o less_o against_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n its_o gravity_n press_v upon_o the_o subjacent_a air_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o great_a quantity_n yet_o that_o in_o part_n take_v off_o the_o full_a pressure_n of_o it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o pressure_n upward_o disproportionable_a to_o that_o which_o tend_v downward_o and_o though_o the_o objector_n urge_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v equal_o suspend_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n as_o before_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o finger_n press_v it_o up_o much_o more_o strong_o to_o prevent_v any_o of_o it_o get_v out_o whereas_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n only_o depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v or_o weaken_a as_o that_o of_o the_o finger_n may_v which_o be_v capable_a of_o raise_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n answer_v another_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n allege_v by_o the_o author_n be_v that_o be_v the_o mercury_n buoy_v up_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v be_v as_o easy_a to_o suck_v up_o mercury_n in_o a_o pipe_n as_o water_n nothing_o more_o be_v requisite_a but_o to_o draw_v away_o the_o air._n but_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v take_v off_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o lung_n depend_v upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n and_o intercostal_n muscle_n and_o that_o air_n be_v press_v in_o by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o that_o gravity_n or_o spring_n be_v more_o powerful_o resist_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n than_o water_n the_o lung_n can_v so_o powerful_o dilate_v nor_o can_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v with_o equal_a ease_n because_o that_o air_n in_o the_o lung_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n bring_v the_o external_n force_v of_o the_o atmosphere_n near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la beside_o the_o external_n air_n press_v upon_o the_o thorax_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o dilate_v themselves_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o press_v against_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v a_o further_a cause_n why_o it_o rise_v not_o so_o high_a which_o explanation_n be_v confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o lung_n be_v more_o violent_o dilate_v the_o mercury_n rise_v high_a in_o the_o tube_n and_o it_o will_v be_v further_a probable_a by_o consider_v how_o much_o great_a a_o pressure_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o so_o large_a a_o superficies_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thorax_n than_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o lung_n and_o as_o for_o the_o funiculus_fw-la which_o our_o author_n suppose_v to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n by_o contract_v itself_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v raise_v such_o a_o weight_n as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n without_o tear_v off_o the_o thin_a membrane_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o which_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la must_v at_o one_o end_n be_v join_v to_o these_o objection_n the_o author_n add_v a_o inference_n that_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o loco_fw-la aperto_fw-la no_o more_o can_v be_v effect_v by_o it_o in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la but_o the_o place_n which_o the_o objector_n take_v to_o be_v in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la appear_v to_o be_v only_o in_o a_o room_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o whereas_o the_o former_a objectoin_n appear_v to_o be_v invalid_a the_o inference_n must_v be_v so_o too_o because_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o air_n in_o a_o room_n and_o the_o external_n by_o some_o holes_n or_o cranny_n or_o otherwise_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v as_o much_o by_o its_o spring_n within_o as_o without_o chap._n xv._o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v the_o hypothesis_n lay_v down_o by_o our_o adversary_n and_o which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v examine_v examine_v argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v be_v that_o what_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v do_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o funiculus_fw-la consist_v of_o a_o thin_a substance_n powerful_o expanded_a which_o be_v betwixt_o two_o body_n endeavour_n to_o contract_n itself_o and_o to_o bring_v those_o body_n together_o ne_fw-la detur_fw-la vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v that_o the_o finger_n will_v not_o be_v so_o draw_v down_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v there_o not_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o be_v there_o not_o a_o thin_a substance_n there_o extend_v there_o will_v be_v a_o vacuum_n as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n it_o have_v already_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o though_o he_o allege_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n he_o offer_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o suction_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n upon_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v likewise_o already_o answer_v by_o what_o have_v go_v before_o in_o explain_v that_o phaenomenon_n but_o another_o argument_n he_o allege_v against_o a_o vacuity_n be_v the_o diaphaneity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tube_n for_o be_v there_o a_o vacuum_n he_o say_v it_o will_v be_v like_o a_o black_a pillar_n neither_o capable_a of_o afford_v any_o thing_n visible_a nor_o of_o permit_v visible_a object_n to_o appear_v through_o it_o but_o the_o invalidity_n of_o this_o argument_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o and_o atomist_n who_o teach_v that_o light_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o subtle_a emanation_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o penetrate_a glass_n itself_o and_o though_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n may_v seem_v full_a of_o light_n yet_o no_o doubt_n but_o be_v the_o part_n of_o luciferous_a matter_n condense_v into_o a_o lump_n they_o will_v not_o fill_v half_o the_o cavity_n since_o the_o smoke_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o our_o receiver_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v opacous_a be_v but_o capable_a of_o fill_v a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o when_o condense_v beside_o shall_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o dark_a a_o vacuist_n may_v argue_v that_o the_o matter_n which_o upon_o a_o access_n of_o light_n be_v visible_a be_v not_o in_o the_o receiver_n before_o but_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n dart_v through_o the_o glass_n and_o though_o light_n shall_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o trajection_n of_o such_o luciferous_a beam_n but_o from_o a_o impulse_n of_o luciferous_a body_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o tube_n be_v full_a since_o from_o our_o seventeen_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v there_o remain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o matter_n behind_o to_o communicate_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n to_o the_o external_n air_n and_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o cartesian_a materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la yet_o since_o they_o allow_v that_o capable_a of_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o upon_o the_o access_n of_o a_o grosser_n body_n it_o will_v

omnipotence_n matter_n shall_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o alter_v its_o dimension_n and_o though_o our_o author_n take_v two_o way_n to_o explicate_v his_o notion_n either_o upon_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v indivisible_a or_o divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o since_o he_o explicate_v it_o neither_o of_o those_o way_n so_o clear_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o difficulty_n at_o all_o make_v less_o by_o assert_v that_o matter_n may_v be_v virtual_o so_o extend_v as_o to_o possess_v more_o space_n than_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o it_o since_o a_o virtual_a extension_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o extension_n without_o the_o term_n virtual_o join_v with_o it_o for_o since_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v indivisible_a it_o rather_o prejudices_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n than_o explain_v it_o since_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o think_v that_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v circumscribe_v by_o a_o certain_a space_n shall_v fill_v a_o large_a space_n without_o be_v divide_v and_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o former_a nor_o do_v it_o at_o all_o explain_v or_o render_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o say_v that_o matter_n may_v by_o omnipotence_n be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o possess_v adaequate_o double_a the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o since_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v not_o dispute_v what_o god_n can_v do_v but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n in_o our_o author_n doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v no_o less_o in_o the_o condensation_n which_o his_o funiculus_fw-la suppose_v for_o since_o he_o allow_v of_o no_o vacuity_n in_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v near_a than_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n which_o be_v whole_o disallow_v of_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o nature_n for_o be_v that_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o body_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o space_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o by_o itself_o will_v fill_v which_o be_v altogether_o unintelligible_a chap._n xviii_o a_o consideration_n concern_v some_o trial_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a and_o other_o experiment_n '_o at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n hill_n the_o height_n of_o mercury_n suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n for_o a_o further_a proof_n against_o our_o adversary_n doctrine_n and_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o the_o famous_a pecquet_n mention_n a_o experiment_n make_v by_o monsieur_n pascal_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n 3000_o foot_n high_a where_o when_o he_o ascend_v 150_o fathom_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o buoy_v up_o so_o high_a as_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o want_v 3_o inch_n of_o that_o station_n which_o it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o our_o adversary_n the_o difference_n plain_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a length_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n which_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o gassendus_fw-la tom._n 1._o p._n 211._o relate_v that_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v 5_o time_n on_o the_o hill_n at_o auvergne_n and_o a_o very_a note_a virtuoso_fw-la mr._n j._n ball_n as_o well_o as_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n mr._n townley_n have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o last_o name_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n near_o so_o much_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o to_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n without_o go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o such_o high_a mountain_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a wether_n glass_n suspending_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n instead_o of_o mercury_n the_o instrument_n be_v a_o glass_n with_o a_o broad_a foot_n and_o a_o narrow_a neck_n a_o b_o and_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n c_z d_o which_o be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o so_o place_v that_o the_o low_a end_n be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bottom_n a_o b_o and_o be_v so_o close_o cement_v at_o the_o neck_n a_o second_o see_v fig._n the_o first_o plate_n the_o second_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o internal_a air_n i_o i_o from_o communicate_v with_o external_n k_o k_o unless_o it_o be_v through_o the_o pipe_n c_z d_o and_o have_v conveige_v water_n h_n h_n into_o the_o glass_n ab_fw-la which_o be_v pretty_a large_a and_o have_v blow_v so_o much_o air_n into_o the_o bottle_n as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o lead_v of_o westminster_n abby_n when_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_o cold_a and_o condensed_a within_o the_o bottle_n as_o without_o we_o mark_v the_o station_n of_o the_o water_n f_o and_o let_v it_o down_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o water_n subside_v a_o inch_n where_o its_o station_n e_z be_v mark_v and_o the_o vessel_n draw_v up_o again_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o mark_n f_o again_o which_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v have_v the_o like_a success_n and_o afterward_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v we_o let_v it_o down_o within_o the_o church_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v at_o g_z a_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n so_o depress_v it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o glass_n several_a bubble_n break_v through_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o glass_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o church_n again_o the_o water_n be_v manifest_o raise_v in_o the_o tube_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la more_fw-mi caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o near_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o as_o the_o height_n at_o which_o it_o be_v try_v varied_a so_o the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n do_v another_o particular_a which_o may_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n viz._n that_o a_o football_n be_v weak_o blow_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v high_o and_o as_o gradual_o grow_v lank_a when_o it_o be_v carry_v down_o the_o hill_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v long_a or_o short_a it_o make_v a_o great_a gravitation_n and_o pressure_n upon_o the_o bladder_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n send_v to_o dr._n croon_n by_o a_o learned_a professor_n of_o gresham_n college_n second_o see_v fig._n the_o sec._n plate_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o follow_v have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n a_o b_o represent_v by_o the_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o water_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o thirteen_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_n water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax_n hill_n but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o point_n d_o the_o internal_a air_n a_o c_z which_o be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o bottom_n dilate_v itself_o at_o the_o top_n further_o by_o c_z d_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o descent_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o small_a ascent_n by_o the_o bare_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n diminish_v the_o reason_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shorten_v of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n chap._n xix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n compress_v and_o dilate_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v condensation_n measure_v have_v pour_v mercury_n into_o a_o glass-tube_n which_o consist_v of_o

subtilis_fw-la and_o justle_a against_o each_o other_o take_v up_o 1000_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o these_o part_n be_v thus_o agitate_a whatever_n gunpowder_n they_o fall_v upon_o they_o present_o shatter_v its_o part_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o globuli_fw-la secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o place_n which_o contain_v the_o gunpowder_n and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v impetuous_o move_v in_o that_o they_o not_o only_o burst_v the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o but_o drive_v every_o thing_n out_o of_o its_o place_n which_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v they_o chap._n xxii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n not_o to_o mention_v all_o those_o absurdity_n which_o mr._n boyle_n have_v show_v in_o the_o author_n explanation_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n 5._o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 5._o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o explanation_n mr._n boil_v himself_o give_v of_o it_o for_o mr._n boyle_n conceive_v no_o such_o difficulty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o author_n will_v represent_v say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o contain_v any_o obscurity_n in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a for_o if_o the_o wheel_n a_o b_o c_o d._n be_v move_v in_o a_o direct_a motion_n from_o a_o i_o c._n to_o k_o l_o m._n each_o of_o the_o point_v a_o e_o i_o g_o c._n will_v either_o on_o a_o plain_a or_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o pass_v through_o form_n so_o many_o parallel_a line_n to_o i_o l._n but_o if_o instead_o of_o that_o direct_a progressive_a motion_n it_o have_v a_o circulation_n each_o point_n in_o one_o revolution_n whilst_o move_v from_o g_z to_z l._n will_v form_v a_o cyclorid_n beside_o each_o point_n of_o the_o circle_n acquire_v various_a degree_n of_o celerity_n in_o its_o progression_n by_o this_o complex_fw-la motion_n according_a to_o its_o various_a position_n to_o a_o point_n which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o progressive_a for_o as_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la so_o be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o progressive_a motion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o point_n from_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o line_n of_o progression_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o circle_n describe_v on_o that_o distance_n as_o radius_fw-la and_o therefore_o each_o point_n of_o the_o small_a circle_n when_o it_o touch_v the_o perpendicular_a will_v in_o respect_n of_o its_o progressive_a motion_n stand_v still_o this_o point_n therefore_o will_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la motion_n aristotelica_n our_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n but_o since_o it_o may_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o rota_n aristotelica_n if_o we_o only_o consider_v those_o point_n which_o pass_v across_o the_o perpendicular_a we_o shall_v suppose_v in_o our_o example_n that_o a_o be_v the_o centre_n or_o immovable_a point_n and_o then_o the_o circumference_n a_o b_o c_o d_o will_n be_v equal_a to_o i_o l_o or_o a_o k_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n and_o since_o the_o point_n i_o have_v only_o one_o motion_n viz._n that_o of_o lation_n the_o point_n c_o which_o have_v two_o motion_n must_v have_v double_a the_o velocity_n of_o i_o and_o the_o point_n f_o have_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o lation_n with_o i_o and_o put_v half_a the_o distance_n of_o c_o from_o the_o centre_n i_o it_o must_v have_v one_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o a_o half_a and_o further_o the_o point_n e_o have_v the_o same_o progressive_a motion_n with_o i_o and_o be_v move_v backward_o with_o half_a the_o velocity_n lose_v half_o the_o progressive_a motion_n forward_o and_o the_o point_v a_o be_v by_o its_o progression_n move_v forward_o with_o a_o equal_a velocity_n with_o i_o and_o by_o its_o rotation_n the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o being_n equal_v to_o the_o line_n i_o l_o be_v carry_v back_o with_o equal_a celerity_n must_v necessary_o stand_v still_o as_o to_o the_o progressive_a motion_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o point_v a_o be_v at_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o two_o opposite_a motion_n only_o touch_v a_o point_n of_o the_o line_n a_o k_o without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o the_o point_n e_o move_v forward_o as_o fast_v again_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v backward_o by_o its_o rotation_n and_o consequent_o move_v half_a as_o fast_o as_o the_o point_n i_o not_o only_o touch_v the_o line_n e_o k_n but_o be_v move_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o progressive_a motion_n half_o as_o quick_a as_o that_o of_o ay_o it_o will_v consequent_o follow_v that_o each_o point_n in_o e_z must_v make_v a_o small_a line_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a e_z c_z so_o that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o contact_n and_o the_o progression_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v perform_v by_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o point_n in_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o instant_n the_o difficulty_n represent_v by_o our_o author_n be_v explain_v it_o be_v take_v off_o all_o that_o he_o say_v come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o in_o such_o a_o determinate_a moment_n or_o minute_n space_n of_o time_n such_o a_o determirate_n minute_n corpuscle_n will_v successive_o pass_v over_o such_o a_o determinate_a space_n or_o length_n chap._n xxiii_o a_o abstract_n of_o what_o be_v further_o contain_v relate_v to_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o dialogus_fw-la physicus_fw-la in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o absurdity_n the_o author_n have_v show_v mr._n hobbs_n guilty_a of_o but_o shall_v only_o extract_v what_o may_v tend_v to_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weight_n and_o spring_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n in_o a_o water_a pot_n be_v prevent_v from_o descend_v through_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o make_v a_o strong_a resistance_n than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o such_o a_o length_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v it_o must_v consequent_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o water_a pot_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n where_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weaken_a by_o extract_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v able_a to_o outbalance_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n it_o begin_v to_o subside_o chap_n xxiv_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n assert_v the_o author_n have_v prove_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n and_o a_o glass_n bubble_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o air_n be_v gravity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n before_o and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n all_o that_o mr._n hobbs_n object_n relate_v to_o the_o bladder_n weigh_v in_o the_o receiver_n only_o intimate_v that_o the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n the_o weight_n proceed_v from_o atom_n which_o swim_v in_o that_o air_n or_o the_o haltius_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bladder_n along_o with_o the_o air_n but_o since_o this_o deny_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o question_n the_o cause_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o what_o we_o aim_v at_o to_o prove_v that_o air_n do_v gravitate_fw-la though_o the_o cause_n of_o gravitation_n be_v not_o know_v prove_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n prove_v as_o to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n wave_v what_o trivial_a objection_n mr._n hobbs_n make_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v it_o the_o first_o be_v that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o lift_v the_o low_a end_n above_o the_o basis_n it_o rest_v on_o before_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o finger_n can_v discern_v no_o gravitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n but_o if_o it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o external_n air_n let_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o before_o do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o

the_o finger_n will_v be_v so_o depress_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o weigh_v considerable_o upon_o it_o and_o if_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v unstop_v in_o the_o restagnant_fw-la mercury_n the_o include_v air_n will_v depress_v that_o in_o the_o tube_n below_o its_o former_a station_n and_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o tube_n not_o so_o long_o and_o both_o end_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o uppermost_a the_o low_a will_v perceive_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o before_o depress_v the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n so_o that_o this_o experiment_n prove_v both_o the_o spring_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o air._n the_o other_o experiment_n be_v the_o four_o in_o the_o epistle_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o bladder_n suspend_v in_o the_o receiver_n subside_v or_o swell_v as_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v that_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o bladder_n be_v effect_v by_o the_o air_n per_fw-la vim_o incussus_fw-la which_o get_v into_o the_o bladder_n press_v against_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o it_o in_o their_o circular_a motion_n yet_o since_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o bladder_n be_v impervious_a to_o air_n to_o deny_v that_o the_o ingress_n of_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o his_o explanation_n but_o further_a be_v the_o bladder_n so_o pervious_a to_o air_n it_o may_v as_o ready_o get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n as_o in_o without_o break_v it_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explicate_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o our_o engine_n and_o windgun_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n which_o motion_n they_o acquire_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o engine_n yet_o that_o the_o air_n have_v parallel_a effect_n where_o it_o acquire_v no_o such_o motion_n appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o hill_n the_o mercury_n be_v not_o near_o suspend_v so_o high_a at_o the_o top_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o those_o hill_n and_o though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v the_o difference_n by_o suppose_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n brisk_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n yet_o since_o it_o can_v only_o keep_v the_o mercury_n from_o subside_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o pressure_n that_o pressure_n must_v either_o proceed_v from_o its_o spring_n or_o weight_n and_o since_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o so_o few_o part_n of_o the_o air_n as_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o mercury_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o from_o subside_v it_o must_v do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o it_o but_o to_o evince_v the_o spring_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o not_o find_v so_o strong_a a_o pressure_n from_o the_o water_n which_o there_o receive_v a_o less_o impression_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n visible_o expand_v itself_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n chap._n xxv_o mr._n hobb_n principal_a explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o engine_n examine_v before_o mr._n hobbs_n set_v about_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o engine_n he_o lay_v down_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v they_o by_o suppose_v that_o a_o great_a many_o earthy_a particle_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o congenite_fw-la circular_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o near_o than_o further_a from_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o such_o particle_n can_v move_v in_o so_o exact_a a_o order_n without_o knock_v against_o and_o disturb_v each_o other_o motion_n it_o be_v as_o unintelligible_a how_o matter_n shall_v have_v its_o motion_n congenite_fw-la but_o to_o leave_v mr._n hobbs_n to_o dispute_v these_o thing_n with_o other_o adversary_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o his_o explication_n air._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n void_a of_o air._n and_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o our_o receiver_n he_o say_v that_o the_o air_n be_v remove_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o sucker_n outward_a it_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a and_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o cylinder_n which_o if_o true_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n for_o some_o time_n viz._n till_o the_o air_n have_v time_n to_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o but_o that_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n draw_v out_o and_o that_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o air_n empty_a not_o only_o appear_v by_o those_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o it_o but_o it_o further_o appear_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n when_o exhaust_v which_o be_v considerable_o light_a than_o before_o as_o also_o by_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o receiver_n be_v ill_o shape_v so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n it_o break_v inward_a upon_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n but_o a_o further_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o cock_n turn_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o water_n several_a gallon_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n except_o the_o receiver_n be_v empty_a and_o even_o in_o the_o common_a experiment_n its_o evident_a that_o the_o air_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n rush_n in_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n but_o if_o mr._n hobbs_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o pure_a air_n only_o flow_v into_o the_o receiver_n i_o shall_v demand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o that_o to_o flow_v in_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v in_o water_n where_o we_o may_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v as_o well_o raise_v bubble_n in_o its_o passage_n through_o it_o as_o that_o such_o bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n affirm_v that_o this_o air_n get_v into_o the_o receiver_n move_v up_o and_o down_o violent_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v not_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o be_v it_o so_o the_o smoke_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n will_v be_v disturb_v by_o that_o motion_n since_o upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o put_v they_o both_o into_o a_o very_a violent_a agitation_n and_o that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o tube_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v void_a of_o air_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o reciprocal_o invert_v the_o tube_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o mercury_n will_v move_v backward_o with_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o swiftness_n and_o force_n than_o if_o air_n be_v let_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v not_o fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o indeed_o be_v it_o not_o allow_v that_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v offer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n or_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n as_o the_o external_a air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o will_v be_v difficulty_n understand_v if_o not_o altogether_o unexplain_v without_o admit_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air._n the_o next_o phaenomenon_n mr._n hobbs_n offer_v to_o explain_v be_v why_o the_o sucker_n rise_v up_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v though_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n be_v suspend_v at_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o attribute_n to_o the_o swift_a and_o violent_a repercussion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v thrust_v out_o which_o find_v not_o room_n enough_o in_o the_o world_n must_v conseuqent_o press_v the_o sucker_n before_o it_o into_o the_o space_n which_o contain_v it_o before_o but_o if_o the_o air_n be_v so_o swift_o repel_v i_o can_v understand_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o resist_v the_o egress_n of_o air_n or_o raise_v the_o sucker_n when_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v hang_v at_o it_o but_o further_a that_o the_o return_n of_o this_o air_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o swift_a repercussion_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v hence_o manifest_a since_o if_o the_o sucker_n be_v hold_v down_o till_o the_o air_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v settle_v and_o as_o calm_a as_o

before_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o rise_v when_o the_o superfluous_a weight_n be_v take_v away_o and_o as_o for_o a_o internal_a conatus_fw-la of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v such_o allow_v as_o mr._n hobbs_n contend_v for_o it_o will_v rather_o hinder_v than_o promote_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n for_o be_v that_o include_v air_n force_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o he_o suppose_v and_o be_v it_o strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o violent_a repercussion_n in_o the_o air_n the_o internal_a force_n counterpoize_v the_o external_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n will_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o least_o be_v promote_v but_o since_o from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n void_a of_o air_n and_o that_o such_o a_o impetus_fw-la will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v by_o it_o it_o be_v more_o natural_a to_o belive_o that_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n raise_v it_o chap._n xxvi_o several_a scatter_a explication_n and_o passage_n in_o his_o dialogue_n consider_v whereas_o we_o have_v in_o the_o xxxxvth_z experimenti_fw-la mention_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v this_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n swift_o agitate_a in_o the_o air_n but_o since_o the_o same_o agitation_n of_o part_n within_o the_o tube_n may_v also_o depress_v that_o to_o a_o equal_a surface_n with_o the_o external_n the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o it_o be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a the_o reason_n which_o he_o assign_v for_o the_o difficulty_n in_o draw_v up_o the_o stopple_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v a_o violent_a conatus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n within_o but_o be_v the_o impetus_fw-la so_o great_a as_o to_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o repercussion_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n before_o suppose_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o sucker_n it_o shall_v rather_o raise_v the_o stopple_n and_o if_o that_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fasten_n of_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n run_v about_o and_o be_v in_o motion_n for_o a_o good_a while_n nor_o can_v the_o plenitude_n he_o suppose_v cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n because_o he_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v equal_o and_o at_o all_o time_n full_a but_o that_o the_o close_a connexion_n of_o the_o stopple_n to_o the_o socket_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n appear_v by_o close_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n with_o cement_n instead_o of_o that_o stopple_n for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n will_v press_v so_o violent_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o make_v the_o upper_a superficies_n concave_a and_o sometime_o to_o force_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n with_o a_o noise_n and_o great_a violence_n he_o further_o assign_v the_o boil_n of_o water_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n include_v but_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n our_o explanation_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o heat_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o to_o expand_v more_o powerful_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n and_o though_o he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o be_v move_v except_o à_fw-la movente_fw-la contiguo_fw-la a_o contiguous_a body_n in_o motion_n yet_o since_o he_o allow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o earthy_a part_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v innate_a and_o consequent_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o contiguous_a body_n i_o shall_v leave_v that_o to_o answer_v what_o he_o here_o deliver_v and_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v agitate_a when_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n be_v enough_o to_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomenon_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o receiver_n why_o animal_n die_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o animal_n which_o i_o ascribe_v doubt_o though_o not_o without_o probability_n to_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n he_o attribute_n to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o tenacity_n but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n that_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n and_o as_o for_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n than_o before_o the_o contrary_a appear_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n where_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n weigh_v much_o less_o than_o before_o but_o from_o the_o break_v of_o bubble_n outward_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thick_a but_o a_o light_a and_o more_o yield_a body_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n from_o his_o supposition_n of_o the_o air_n be_v thickness_n endeavour_n to_o account_n for_o the_o sudden_a extinction_n of_o flame_n in_o our_o receiver_n yet_o think_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o extinction_n of_o flame_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o thick_a as_o he_o suppose_v chap._n xxvii_o several_n other_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n dialogue_n examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o what_o our_o author_n deliver_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o coliesion_n of_o two_o marble_n but_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o what_o he_o here_o offer_v be_v obviate_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o title_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o prove_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o prove_v first_o if_o a_o aeolipile_v free_v from_o air_n be_v whilst_o hot_a stop_v with_o wax_n upon_o a_o perforation_n of_o that_o wax_n the_o air_n will_v be_v press_v in_o to_o the_o cool_a aeolipile_n whether_o the_o orifice_n be_v hold_v down_o or_o horizontal_o which_o show_v that_o the_o air_n on_o each_o side_n may_v press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o marble_n as_o well_o as_o the_o subjacent_a pillar_n of_o air_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o impel_v against_o it_o only_o in_o a_o pyramidal_a figure_n as_o he_o will_v urge_v viz._n because_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n and_o border_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v form_v pyramid_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o large_a glass_n and_o a_o book_n clap_v upon_o the_o orifice_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a atmosphere_n keep_v it_o suspend_v there_o and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n say_v that_o two_o plate_n of_o copper_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ell_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o that_o six_o man_n can_v not_o pull_v they_o asund_o second_o asund_o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n second_o and_o it_o appear_v from_o a_o experiment_n make_v in_o a_o glass_n viol._n anon_o to_o be_v describe_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v so_o immerse_v that_o it_o be_v low_a orifice_n just_o touch_v the_o water_n the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n a_o considerable_a height_n as_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o the_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o glass_n fountain_n and_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n expanded_a take_v up_o no_o more_o room_n after_o they_o be_v expanded_a than_o before_o but_o since_o he_o mean_v so_o as_o adequate_o to_o fill_v more_o space_n and_o we_o only_o mean_v such_o a_o expansion_n as_o be_v before_o explain_v by_o instance_v compress_v wool_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o our_o sense_n it_o will_v take_v up_o more_o space_n so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o water_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o there_o be_v other_o objection_n mention_v in_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n but_o since_o the_o author_n find_v no_o weight_n in_o they_o against_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v teach_v i_o shall_v only_o further_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n

and_o gassendus_fw-la teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o suction_n but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v take_v a_o glass_n vessel_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n within_o be_v keep_v from_o have_v any_o intercourse_n with_o that_o without_o the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pipe_n be_v thus_o fix_v we_o convey_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n till_o it_o rise_v something_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o have_v incline_v the_o bottle_n to_o give_v a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n i_o suck_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o water_n rise_v into_o my_o mouth_n and_o till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o suction_n allow_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v away_o by_o the_o dilate_a chest_n of_o he_o that_o suck_v and_o thereby_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n at_o which_o he_o suck_v but_o beside_o the_o precede_a use_n make_v of_o this_o experiment_n i_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n till_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o just_a immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o suction_n it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o weaken_a to_o raise_v it_o high_o several_a bubble_n of_o air_n break_v through_o the_o water_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o leave_v off_o suck_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n so_o compress_v the_o rarify_v air_n within_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o wont_a station_n several_a particle_n break_v into_o the_o bottle_n through_o the_o water_n till_o that_o internal_a air_n be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o external_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n examine_v fluidity_n motion_n the_o chief_a qualification_n in_o order_n to_o fluidity_n the_o first_o particular_a examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v a_o mistake_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n concern_v the_o author_n opinion_n of_o fluidity_n the_o objector_n make_v the_o author_n notion_n of_o fluidity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n whereas_o our_o author_n assign_v motion_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a qualification_n since_o a_o coagulum_fw-la of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o wine_n may_v by_o bare_a digestion_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n though_o fluid_a may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a powder_n by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n further_o assert_n that_o fluid_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n divisible_a into_o fluid_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n yet_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o the_o shape_n size_n texture_n and_o motion_n and_o firmness_n on_o a_o rest_n among_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n and_o likewise_o that_o fluids_n be_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n substitute_n it_o teach_v that_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n may_v move_v whilst_o the_o whole_a be_v in_o motion_n and_o that_o solid_n may_v have_v their_o part_n in_o motion_n though_o the_o whole_a lie_n still_o as_o also_o he_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a may_v be_v render_v less_o fluid_a by_o be_v compress_v but_o since_o he_o have_v assert_v these_o thing_n and_o not_o prove_v they_o and_o since_o the_o hypothesis_n he_o go_v upon_o be_v sufficient_o invalidate_v before_o the_o author_n think_v these_o require_v no_o particular_a answer_n and_o though_o he_o further_o make_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n yet_o since_o our_o author_n make_v motion_n or_o rest_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a requisite_n what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n for_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n appear_v if_o a_o lump_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o that_o rest_v contribute_v to_o solidity_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v become_v ice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o as_o well_o as_o metal_n by_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n by_o heat_n become_v fluid_n chap._n xxix_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n four_o see_v plate_n the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o structure_n of_o our_o engine_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o alphabetical_a explanation_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o mechanical_a structure_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o enough_o understand_v by_o those_o especial_o that_o be_v acquaint_v by_o our_o first_o engine_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o our_o plate_n to_o represent_v the_o engine_n just_o ready_a to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v explain_v first_o the_o sucker_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o the_o perforation_n p_o q_o which_o go_v through_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o together_o with_o the_o stick_n r_o s_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n n_z o_z when_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o stick_n rp_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n second_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o lie_n in_o a_o gutter_n make_v purposely_o in_o the_o board_n c_o d_o e_o f_o which_o board_n be_v lay_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n lay_v upon_o that_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o warp_a in_o which_o iron-plate_n be_v fix_v a_o lip_n which_o rise_v up_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o which_o be_v bend_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o the_o receiver_n from_o be_v spill_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o stop-cock_n g_z h_z i_o k_o may_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o o_o at_o ay_o with_o soder_n yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a to_o have_v the_o branch_n ay_o make_v like_o a_o screw_n so_o that_o be_v screw_v into_o the_o barrel_n it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v mend_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v amiss_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o wood_n or_o the_o cement_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o pipe_n where_o the_o invert_v end_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o lest_o the_o inward_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v stop_v with_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n draw_v to_o it_o there_o be_v fix_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o a_o tin_n plate_n so_o contrive_v as_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o air._n the_o wooden_a part_n represent_v in_o the_o plate_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o cylinder_n be_v always_o so_o full_a of_o water_n as_o able_a to_o overtop_v the_o cylinder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o sucker_n soft_a and_o plump_a by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v more_o exact_o fit_v to_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o iron_n plate_n abovementioned_a it_o have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o it_o exclude_v the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o the_o receiver_n have_v a_o stop-cock_n in_o most_o experiment_n though_o in_o some_o it_o be_v less_o servirceable_a but_o most_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o our_o first_o engine_n if_o the_o follow_a alteration_n be_v make_v and_o first_o if_o a_o square_a board_n and_o a_o suitable_a iron_n plate_n such_o as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o engine_n be_v fasten_v opposite_a to_o the_o iron_n rack_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a cylinder_n and_o a_o glass_n tube_n like_o that_o just_a now_o describe_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n with_o a_o cement_n make_v with_o near_a a_o

equal_a proportion_n of_o wax_n and_o turpentine_n in_o winter_n and_o three_o part_n of_o wax_n to_o two_o of_o turpentine_n in_o summer_n for_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v thus_o prevent_v upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o spring_n will_v force_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o receiver_n chap._n xxx_o a_o continuation_n of_o new_a experiment_n concern_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o their_o effect_n by_o way_n of_o letter_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n clifford_n and_o dungarvan_n my_o dear_a lord_n have_v already_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o the_o design_n and_o scope_n of_o our_o mechanical_a experiment_n without_o any_o further_a preface_n be_v encourage_v by_o your_o acceptance_n of_o my_o last_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o a_o continuation_n experiment_n i._o concern_v the_o raise_v of_o mercury_n a_o great_a height_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air._n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n in_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o expansion_n we_o fill_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o viol_n with_o quicksilver_n the_o neck_n of_o which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o large_a in_o which_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o hard_a wax_n the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o upper_a almost_o a_o yard_n above_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n see_v plate_n 5._o fif_n 1._o which_o be_v pretty_a tall_a 1._o see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 1._o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o viol_n expand_v itself_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 27_o inch_n in_o the_o tube_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o admit_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o subside_v so_o far_o as_o to_o be_v almost_o if_o not_o quite_o equal_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o viol_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v before_o the_o famous_a savilian_a geometer_n dr._n wallis_n though_o it_o do_v not_o constant_o succeed_v alike_o it_o sometime_o rise_v high_o than_o at_o other_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v first_o that_o so_o much_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o viol_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v staunch_v as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n three_o inch_n in_o the_o pipe_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o external_n air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o mercury_n rise_v 30_o inch_n above_o that_o in_o the_o viol._n second_o when_o the_o mercury_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n it_o do_v not_o sudden_o subside_o as_o low_o as_o before_o its_o ascent_n the_o air_n be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o cement_n when_o melt_v with_o a_o iron_n three_o whilst_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o viol_n retain_v any_o considerable_a springiness_n after_o each_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o expansion_n a_o considerable_a height_n above_o what_o that_o air_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o and_o make_v several_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v four_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n rise_v near_a ⅔_n of_o the_o whole_a weight_n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o and_o continue_v every_o subsequent_a exsuction_n to_o rise_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n increase_v and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n grow_v weak_a and_o as_o the_o mercury_n rise_v less_o every_o exsuction_n than_o it_o do_v before_o so_o be_v the_o vibration_n less_o considerable_a last_o have_v observe_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o good_a barometer_n when_o it_o be_v but_o light_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 29_o and_o ⅜_n though_o soon_o after_o the_o trial_n it_o be_v but_o 29_o inch_n high_a to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n which_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o the_o usual_a height_n we_o counterpoise_v the_o viol_n and_o then_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n we_o find_v it_o to_o weigh_v about_o 5_o ounce_n 2_o drachm_n and_o about_o 20_o grain_n but_o so_o much_o be_v pour_v off_o that_o the_o remain_a water_n only_o fill_v the_o space_n which_o the_o mercury_n be_v before_o contain_v in_o it_o weigh_v 1_o ounce_n 2_o drachm_n 14_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o by_o its_o expansion_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n fill_v the_o space_n of_o no_o more_o than_o 4_o ounce_n and_o a_o few_o grain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n employ_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o ⅛_n of_o a_o inch._n vacui_fw-la a_o argument_n against_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v learn_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o what_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v concern_v the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o it_o be_v rise_v to_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n for_o be_v the_o first_o true_a it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o that_o funiculus_fw-la raise_v it_o not_o above_o 27_o inch_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v unable_a adequate_o to_o fill_v up_o more_o space_n by_o rise_v than_o if_o it_o rise_v not_o the_o reason_n must_v be_v invalid_a experiment_n ii_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o air_n raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n no_o high_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n do_v in_o a_o baroscope_n have_v put_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o mercury_n into_o a_o large_a bottle_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o ssij_fw-la we_o immerse_v the_o one_o end_v of_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o have_v close_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o cement_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n different_a from_o the_o former_a in_o nothing_o but_o size_n where_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o this_o viol_n than_o that_o make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o expand_v further_o and_o of_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o about_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o ⅞_n out_o of_o which_o half_a a_o inch_n be_v deduct_v for_o the_o height_n it_o be_v elevate_v to_o by_o air_n inject_v to_o try_v the_o stanchness_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n raise_v it_o to_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o ⅜_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n elevate_a the_o mercury_n 29_o inch_n and_o ½_n which_o be_v ⅛_n high_a than_o the_o elevate_a mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n but_o have_v continue_v to_o ply_v the_o pump_n still_o long_o we_o learn_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v incapable_a of_o raise_v it_o high_o than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n do_v in_o the_o baroscope_n this_o experiment_n be_v several_a time_n repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n but_o once_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v more_o than_o usual_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o green_a glass_n expanded_a so_o violent_o that_o though_o it_o can_v not_o raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a it_o break_v the_o glass_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o piece_n which_o fly_v off_o crack_v the_o receiver_n experiment_n iii_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v elevate_v mercury_n almost_o to_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o tube_n of_o a_o different_a boar_n in_o order_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n will_v by_o its_o expansion_n raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o a_o narrow_a as_o in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o large_a diameter_n we_o repeat_v the_o former_a trial_n with_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n but_o much_o long_o in_o which_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 28_o inch_n and_o ⅛_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o borometer_n be_v 29_o inch_n and_o ¼_n high_a at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a by_o its_o spring_n to_o raise_v the_o quicksilver_n within_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a in_o a_o large_a tube_n as_o in_o a_o small_a and_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v no_o further_a able_a to_o expand_v itself_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o heat_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v so_o much_o increase_v as_o to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n ⅝_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o experiment_n iu._n a_o new_a hydraulo-pneumatical_a fountain_n make_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o uncompressed_a air._n have_v put_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n

into_o a_o bottle_n and_o immerse_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n long_o the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o cement_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n 2._o see_v plat._n 6_o fig._n 2._o and_o because_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n another_o make_v of_o white_a glass_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o former_a to_o the_o middle_n of_o who_o cavity_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n extend_v so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rise_a water_n have_v more_o space_n to_o move_v in_o when_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o such_o force_n that_o it_o fly_v violent_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v leisurely_o expanded_a and_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v less_o powerful_a the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n gradual_o cease_v in_o its_o ascent_n unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o fresh_a exsuction_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o as_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v narrow_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v slow_a and_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v long_o continue_v second_o if_o a_o pipe_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o branch_a out_o into_o several_a small_a one_o with_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_v of_o they_o the_o water_n will_v fly_v out_o as_o out_o of_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o grotto_n three_o if_o the_o bottle_n to_o who_o neck_n the_o tube_n be_v cement_v be_v large_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v so_o much_o the_o long_o and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v reiterated_a by_o first_o let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o then_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n by_o pump_v it_o out_o afresh_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o expement_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o a_o much_o great_a height_n than_o the_o pipe_n we_o make_v use_v of_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o its_o spring_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o adventitious_a heat_n three_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v the_o upper_a receiver_n be_v take_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v the_o water_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o several_a bubble_n get_v through_o the_o water_n join_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n but_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v take_v off_o a_o considerable_a time_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n continue_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o water_n as_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v before_o expanded_a can_v not_o be_v bring_v again_o to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o compression_n but_o like_o a_o balance_n put_v in_o motion_n continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n resist_v each_o impress_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o the_o chief_a remark_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o salient_a water_n in_o the_o receiver_n form_v several_a large_a line_n some_o of_o which_o be_v parabolical_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v experiment_n v._o about_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o attraction_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o solid_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o attrition_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o intercept_a air_n to_o try_v how_o far_o this_o may_v be_v true_a i_o cause_v a_o strong_a spring_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n see_v plate_n the_o six_o 3._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 3._o figure_v much_o like_o the_o lathe_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o staple_n trencher_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v fix_v a_o concave_a piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o burning-glass_n about_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o moderate_o slender_a to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o convex_a piece_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n which_o have_v a_o square_a handle_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o wood_n the_o other_o end_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o a_o wooden_a pillar_n make_v use_v instead_o of_o our_o vertical_a cylinder_n and_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o turn-key_n be_v of_o such_o a_o size_n that_o when_o the_o stopple_n be_v depress_v into_o the_o socket_n make_v in_o the_o brass_n cover_v the_o concave_a and_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o brass_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o wooden_a pillar_n and_o the_o spring_n be_v squeeze_v together_o and_o the_o spring_n in_o some_o measure_n expanded_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o a_o mercurial_a gange_n convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o wimble_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v turn_v round_o for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n we_o present_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o brass_n betwixt_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v some_o powder_a amel_n to_o make_v they_o move_v more_o easy_o one_o upon_o another_o be_v sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o further_o depress_v they_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o touch_v they_o and_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n succeed_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o of_o oak_n and_o the_o other_o of_o beech._n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o solid_n may_v cause_v a_o considerable_a warmth_n when_o the_o air_n betwixt_o their_o superficies_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o disjoyn_v of_o two_o marble_n not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v separate_v without_o a_o considerable_a weight_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n have_v several_a time_n suspend_v two_o flat_a polish_v marble_n who_o contiguous_a superficies_n be_v moisten_v with_o oil_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o considerable_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o will_v sometime_o fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o eighteen_o suction_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o eight_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n be_v only_o suspend_v at_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o they_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 80_o pound_n without_o separate_n but_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n with_o a_o brass_n conver_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o and_o suspend_v two_o contiguous_a marble_n in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o few_o ounce_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a the_o string_n which_o suspend_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brass_n stopple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shorten_v the_o string_n the_o marble_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n but_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n they_o present_o fall_v asunder_o yet_o have_v so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o low_a shall_v not_o fall_v too_o far_o the_o other_o be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v so_o close_o compress_v together_o again_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o easy_o as_o before_o yet_o if_o by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n the_o uppermost_a be_v raise_v before_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o lowermost_a behind_o it_o experiment_n vii_o a_o way_n to_o break_v flat_a glass_n speedy_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o round_a figure_n of_o a_o body_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v a_o more_o violent_a pressure_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o body_n otherwise_o shape_v

rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n

it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o first_o the_o water_n appear_v in_o the_o glass_n tube_n they_o will_v be_v very_o numerous_a and_o form_v a_o froth_n yet_o when_o the_o pump_v be_v further_o continue_v they_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o second_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n make_v several_a vibration_n in_o its_o rise_n which_o though_o near_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o first_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o three_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o baroscope_n consult_v before_o some_o time_n after_o be_v note_v to_o have_v rise_v considerable_o so_o that_o have_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o water_n will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o a_o good_a deal_n high_o now_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v what_o some_o man_n teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o spiral_n pipe_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v high_a than_o 36_o foot_n by_o a_o suck_v pump_n experiment_n xviii_o about_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o springy_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o be_v satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o elasticity_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n i_o fix_v one_o end_n of_o a_o whale-bone_n in_o a_o trencher_n and_o tie_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o other_o by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v so_o low_a as_o almost_o to_o touch_v the_o plane_n under_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o alteration_n experiment_n xix_o concern_v the_o make_n of_o mercurial_a gauge_n whereby_o to_o estimate_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a gauge_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o discover_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v well_o exhaust_v as_o by_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n which_o be_v almost_o empty_a of_o air_n or_o by_o invert_v a_o small_a tube_n in_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v contain_v but_o the_o former_a take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o latter_a not_o discover_v whether_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v or_o not_o till_o the_o air_n contain_v be_v too_o much_o rarefy_v for_o any_o considerable_a observation_n therefore_o to_o enable_v i_o to_o make_v more_o observation_n in_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o receiver_n exsuction_n i_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 10_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o small_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v melt_v it_o at_o a_o flame_n so_o as_o to_o soften_v it_o and_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o be_v bend_v i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o form_n represent_v by_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 4._o so_o that_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o low_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n 4._o see_v plate_n 5●_n fig._n 4._o and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o short_a one_o be_v fill_v with_o quicksilver_n the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o paste_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o that_o tube_n divide_v into_o several_a exact_a part_n for_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o expanded_a the_o air_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n will_v be_v extend_v to_o some_o of_o those_o mark_n and_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v so_o expanded_a the_o experimenter_n desire_v to_o know_v at_o each_o of_o those_o mark_n how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o will_v appear_v by_o let_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a at_o that_o time_n to_o hold_v so_o that_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v at_o any_o determinate_a mark_n the_o water_n be_v let_v in_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o evacuate_v by_o observe_v how_o much_o water_n will_v be_v admit_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n the_o gage_n for_o the_o future_a will_v not_o only_o inform_v we_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o small_a gage_n a_o large_a may_v be_v make_v by_o put_v both_o into_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n at_o once_o for_o by_o observe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n in_o the_o little_a one_o how_o far_o it_o be_v expanded_a in_o the_o large_a one_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v for_o the_o future_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o large_a gage_n and_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o some_o other_o first_o because_o the_o mercury_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n the_o air_n by_o expand_v itself_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o or_o to_o make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n as_o it_o will_v if_o other_o fluid_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o it_o second_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o stick_v wax_n or_o knob_n of_o glass_n to_o the_o pipe_n every_o ten_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o rest_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o which_o division_n will_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o be_v rub_v off_o than_o paper_n which_o be_v also_o subject_a in_o some_o experiment_n to_o be_v wet_a three_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v include_v may_v be_v either_o seal_v up_o before_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o aforementioned_a mark_n or_o after_o by_o draw_v out_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n into_o a_o small_a apex_n and_o when_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n it_o may_v be_v seal_v up_o by_o blow_v a_o lamp_n horizontal_o upon_o the_o apex_n four_o where_o very_o nice_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o receiver_n admit_v of_o a_o long_a gage_n instead_o of_o mercury_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o rose_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v in_o which_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v more_o nice_o represent_v five_o we_o may_v vary_v the_o mercurial_a gage_n by_o order_v the_o short_a leg_n so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o bubble_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n at_o a_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o basis_n of_o that_o leg_n which_o bubble_n must_v have_v a_o pipe_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o air_n which_o bubble_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o the_o other_o that_o less_o air_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n since_o the_o mercury_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v raise_v so_o high_a the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v render_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o eye_n six_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o those_o mention_v by_o other_o author_n because_o it_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n experiment_n xx._n a_o easy_a way_n to_o make_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v make_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n if_o a_o taper_a tube_n of_o brass_n who_o cavity_n at_o one_o end_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a be_v fix_v to_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o a_o receiver_n for_o if_o when_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v cement_v on_o the_o pump_n one_o press_v the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n upon_o the_o small_a orifice_n and_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o take_v off_o one_o hand_n and_o not_o a_o little_a painful_a but_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v have_v a_o much_o more_o sensible_a effect_n if_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v upward_o instead_o of_o the_o small_a experiment_n xxi_o about_o the_o subside_v of_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n to_o the_o level_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v circular_o cut_v off_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o receiver_n include_v a_o baroscope_n in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n subside_v from_o 29_o inch_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o and_o by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o level_n with_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n but_o will_v rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n again_o as_o the_o air_n be_v admit_v in_o flower_n or_o fast_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o

of_o the_o hill_n be_v ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v at_o the_o latter_a and_o as_o the_o barometer_n be_v bring_v low_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o but_o if_o such_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n the_o experiment_n will_v afford_v further_a proof_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n a_o appendix_n about_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o height_n of_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o stupendous_a and_o other_o confine_v it_o to_o narrow_a dimension_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o observation_n which_o may_v confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v it_o and_o though_o as_o ricciolus_n take_v notice_n the_o jesuit_n rector_n melensius_n say_v that_o of_o all_o the_o cloud_n who_o height_n he_o measure_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 5000_o pace_n yet_o if_o we_o allow_v meteor_n and_o comet_n to_o arise_v from_o terrene_a exhalation_n and_o that_o the_o height_n of_o cloud_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o height_n of_o most_o of_o they_o exceed_v what_o carden_n and_o kepler_n allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o relate_v concern_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n and_o first_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n sydenham_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 60_o league_n off_o and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v it_o at_o 40_o league_n distance_n like_o a_o blue_a pyramid_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o island_n of_o madera_n may_v be_v see_v from_o it_o though_o 70_o league_n distant_a and_o that_o the_o great_a canary_n seem_v so_o near_o it_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o leap_v down_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o ric●iolus_n observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 4_o degree_n distance_n and_o snellius_n also_o allow_v the_o height_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ten_o mile_n though_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o way_n he_o take_v to_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o it_o may_v be_v none_o of_o the_o true_a he_o likewise_o by_o refraction_n judge_v the_o mountain_n caucasus_n to_o be_v 51_o bolonian_a mile_n high_a which_o be_v not_o believe_v probable_a since_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o take_v its_o height_n in_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n not_o to_o be_v above_o 7_o mile_n high_a in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n though_o if_o what_o aristotle_n and_o other_o report_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v other_o much_o high_a than_o those_o for_o though_o if_o measure_v from_o the_o foot_n or_o level_v of_o that_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o stand_v on_o they_o may_v be_v low_a yet_o consider_v that_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v on_o may_v be_v much_o more_o protuberant_a from_o the_o level_n superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n they_o may_v be_v much_o high_a upon_o that_o account_n experiment_n xxvi_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n though_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o it_o at_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n that_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o a_o close_a room_n as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n even_o at_o small_a cranny_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n as_o if_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n just_a before_o mention_v for_o a_o portable_a barometer_n be_v so_o draw_v out_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o orifice_n be_v but_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n as_o big_a as_o before_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n and_o the_o like_a will_v succeed_v if_o instead_o of_o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n out_o so_o a_o cork_n be_v put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n leave_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n open_a to_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xxvii_o a_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellain_n experiment_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n 3d._n see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o 3d._n be_v bend_v as_o represent_v by_o fig._n 3d._a plate_n the_o viith_z the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v as_o strong_a effect_n if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n through_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v only_o admit_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o receive_v downward_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v so_o bend_v four_o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o four_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v as_o represent_v fig._n iv_o plate_n the_o vii_o the_o mercury_n be_v sustain_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n n._n b._n if_o the_o tube_n thus_o hermetical_o seal_v be_v shake_v the_o mercury_n will_v form_v some_o vibration_n upon_o the_o include_v air_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v compress_v and_o expanded_a again_o successive_o for_o a_o while_n but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o trial_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o pipe_n convenient_o shape_v before_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o a_o cork_n and_o close_a cement_n which_o may_v be_v pierce_v with_o a_o wire_n when_o this_o be_v use_v as_o a_o baroscope_n which_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n experiment_n xxviii_o time_n a_o baroscope_n of_o use_n but_o at_o some_o time_n to_o show_v that_o the_o suspension_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n less_o than_o 30_o inch_n long_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v upon_o it_o and_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v much_o light_a i_o find_v that_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n in_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n be_v so_o far_o compress_v before_o as_o not_o to_o appear_v experiment_n xxix_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v tinge_v spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v which_o bubble_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n for_o some_o time_n several_a slender_a pipe_n be_v put_v into_o it_o it_o rise_v high_a in_o those_o who_o boar_n be_v narrow_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o subsided_a to_o a_o level_n but_o two_o pipe_n of_o different_a boar_n be_v let_v down_o into_o that_o liquor_n a_o second_o time_n though_o it_o answer_v the_o former_a trial_n in_o the_o ascent_n yet_o the_o surface_n in_o the_o slendere_a pipe_n remain_v something_o above_o the_o other_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o vessel_n in_o this_o trial_n emit_v no_o bubble_n yet_o that_o in_o the_o end_v of_o the_o tube_n do_v which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o experiment_n xxx_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v take_v off_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n though_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v succeed_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n we_o take_v a_o syringe_n of_o brass_n see_v plate_n 8_o fig._n one_a who_o barrel_n be_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o one_a see_v plate_n the_o 8_o fig._n one_a and_o its_o

in_o common_a experiment_n yet_o the_o loadstone_n sustain_v its_o weight_n almost_o as_o firm_o as_o before_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o be_v the_o thinness_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la since_o the_o weight_n suspend_v must_v be_v heavy_a when_o the_o air_n which_o be_v near_o proportion_v to_o their_o weight_n be_v exhaust_v finis_fw-la advertisement_n the_o number_n of_o sheet_n contain_v in_o this_o volume_n amount_v to_o what_o the_o bookseller_n think_v fit_a to_o answer_v the_o price_n put_v upon_o it_o and_o also_o to_o make_v the_o succeed_a volume_n proportionable_a the_o next_o volume_n begin_v with_o a_o continuation_n of_o what_o our_o author_n further_o deliver_v concern_v the_o air._n the_o table_n a._n accident_n no_o distinct_a entity_n pag._n 3._o secondary_a affection_n of_o matter_n what_o pag._n 8._o the_o effect_n of_o natural_a agent_n how_o diversify_v pag._n 10,21_o consideration_n in_o order_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o alteration_n pag._n 13_o 14._o alteration_n what_o pag._n 15_o 16._o product_n of_o art_n the_o effect_n of_o nature_n pag._n 59_o a_o acid_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o alkaly_n pag._n 90._o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n prove_v pag._n 166_o 167_o 311_o 317._o from_o thence_o to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o volume_n objection_n raise_v by_o franciscus_n linus_n answer_v pag._n 393._o the_o action_n of_o some_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o catholic_n law_n of_o the_o universe_n 241._o and_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 242._o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o subterraneal_a grove_n pag._n 256._o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o receiver_n act_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n pag._n 315._o what_o weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o draw_v the_o sucker_n down_o ibid._n the_o air_n be_v expansion_n in_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n pag._n 317._o the_o force_n of_o it_o pag._n 318_o 371_o 451._o it_o be_v expansion_n measure_v pag._n 319_o 320_o 409._o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a body_n pag._n 341._o the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n pag._n 351._o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n consider_v pag._n 360._o why_o air_n be_v indispose_v to_o pass_v through_o pore_n which_o water_n will_v pag._n 370._o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n pag._n 372._o beewixt_n it_o and_o mercury_n pag._n 374._o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n consider_v pag._n 372._o the_o tunicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v pag._n 398._o a_o table_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n pag._n 411._o of_o its_o rarefaction_n pag._n 413._o why_o air_n condense_v by_o cold_a do_v not_o raise_v mercury_n equal_o as_o when_o condense_v by_o pressure_n pag._n 415._o why_o animal_n die_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n pag._n 430._o the_o air_n be_v pressure_n on_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o pag._n 431._o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n pag._n 480._o the_o air_n be_v pressure_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n pag._n 461._o b._n a_o bitter_a substance_n may_v become_v sour_a pag._n 96._o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o steep_v bean_n pag._n 243_o 244._o a_o bubble_n break_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n pag._n 450._o a_o bladder_n break_v by_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n pag._n 449._o a_o portable_a barometer_n pag._n 465_o c._n colour_n no_o inherent_a quality_n pag._n 9_o consideration_n in_o order_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o corruption_n pag._n 13_o 14._o corruption_n what_o pag._n 15._o similar_v colour_n not_o argument_n of_o similar_v substance_n adequate_o pag._n 24_o 25._o the_o chemist_n doctrine_n refute_v pag._n 100_o 112._o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o consistent_a body_n pag._n 144._o colour_n exhibit_v by_o reflection_n pag._n 151_o 153._o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pag._n 188._o a_o concrete_a the_o result_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o coral_n pag._n 196_o 197._o the_o different_a temper_n of_o climate_n pag._n 252._o observation_n concern_v coral_n pag._n 272._o of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n pag._n 323._o concern_v live_a coal_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n corrosive_n their_o effect_n pag._n 390._o cup_v glass_n how_o they_o operate_v pag._n 474._o d._n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o diamond_n pag._n 205_o 206._o e._n egg_n how_v hatch_v pag._n 73._o a_o strange_a sort_n of_o earth_n pag._n 196._o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n pag._n 256._o of_o the_o first_o pag._n 257._o of_o the_o second_o pag._n 259._o of_o the_o three_o pag._n 261._o why_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a pag._n 259._o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n describe_v pag._n 307._o the_o method_n of_o manage_v it_o pag._n 310._o elasticity_n explain_v pag._n 418._o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o first_o continuation_n describe_v pag._n 435._o f._n form_n what_o pag._n 11._o their_o effect_n whence_o pag._n 12._o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n consider_v pag._n 29._o form_n not_o reduce_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n pag._n 30._o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o form_n contrary_a to_o reason_n pag._n 31._o their_o argument_n consider_v pag._n 32_o 33._o substantial_a form_n no_o cause_n of_o adhesion_n pag._n 34_o 35._o a_o compound_v form_n what_o pag._n 36_o 41._o the_o doctrine_n of_o subordinate_a form_n consider_v pag._n 37._o subordinate_a form_n prove_v pag._n 38._o a_o compound_v form_n what_o pag._n 39_o specific_a form_n consider_v pag._n 40._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hard_o to_o be_v distinguish_v among_o the_o form_n of_o natural_a body_n pag._n 41_o 50._o how_o distinguish_v pag._n 51_o 55._o subordinate_a form_n act_v how_o pag._n 42_o 43._o subordinate_a form_n in_o inanimate_a body_n pag._n 49_o 52._o a_o superadded_a form_n its_o effect_n pag._n 53._o concurrent_a and_o subordinate_a form_n how_o distinguish_v pag._n 56._o subordinate_a form_n not_o necessary_a to_o discriminate_a body_n pag._n 67._o fluidity_n it_o be_v definition_n pag._n 115._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o render_v body_n fluid_a pag._n 116_o 119_o 120_o 121_o 193_o 434._o all_o body_n not_o equal_o incline_v to_o fluidity_n pag._n 117_o 118._o what_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n depend_v on_o pag._n 124._o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n pag._n 142._o of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n pag._n 146._o of_o water_n ibid._n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n pag._n 147_o 151._o of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n ibid._n of_o oil_n of_o clove_n ibid._n of_o quicksilver_n pag._n 148._o of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pag._n 150._o of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n pag._n 153._o of_o water_n include_v in_o oil_n pag._n 155._o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o clove_n ibid._n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n coagulate_v pag._n 155._o of_o several_a other_o mixture_n pag._n 156_o 157._o a_o fluid_n turn_v solid_a pag._n 180._o fluid_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n pag._n 183._o subterraneal_a fire_n their_o effect_n pag._n 262._o filtration_n it_o be_v cause_n pag._n 365._o g._n consideration_n in_o order_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o generation_n pag._n 13_o 14._o generation_n what_o pag._n 15._o gunpowder_n its_o ingredient_n pag._n 67_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o a_o gummy_a substance_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_n pag._n 154._o solidity_n of_o glass_n depend_v on_o a_o juxta-position_n of_o part_n pag._n 162._o the_o part_n of_o glass_n in_o motion_n pag._n 207_o 208_o 209._o what_o figure_v glass_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n pag._n 320_o 321._o gunpowder_n explode_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it etc._n etc._n pag._n 328._o glass_n plate_n break_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n pag._n 448._o flat_a glass_n break_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n pag._n 447._o h._n heat_v no_o inherent_a quality_n pag._n 9_o heat_v what_o ibid._n humidity_n a_o relative_n quality_n pag._n 125._o heat_v unusual_a in_o mine_n whence_o pag._n 263._o heat_v produce_v by_o attrition_n pag._n 445._o i._o juxta-position_n of_o part_n not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o cohesion_n pag._n 160._o juxta-position_n of_o part_n promote_v by_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n pag._n 161._o prove_v by_o the_o cohesion_n of_o polish_v glass_n pag._n 163._o by_o the_o cohesion_n of_o polish_a marble_n pag._n 164_o 165_o 166._o the_o interposition_n of_o minute_n part_n may_v turn_v a_o liquor_n into_o a_o solid_a pag._n 178._o observation_n of_o indurated_a body_n pag._n 191._o of_o the_o bone_n of_o a_o deer_n hart_n pag._n 192._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n hold_v to_o a_o mariner_n compass_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n pag._n 202._o iron_n how_o it_o acquire_v magnetical_a virtue_n pag._n 246._o l._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquids_n various_o determine_v pag._n 126_o 127_o 128_o 140._o prove_v

by_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n in_o water_n pag._n 126._o by_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n pag._n 127._o by_o lead_n raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n pag._n 128._o by_o droop_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pag._n 139._o by_o open_v the_o body_n of_o copper_n with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o apply_v it_o to_o a_o candle_n pag._n 141._o liquids_n why_o sometime_o unapt_a to_o mix_v with_o each_o other_o ibid._n a_o diaphanous_a and_o opacous_a body_n afford_v by_o a_o liquid_a pag._n 143._o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_n pag._n 148._o a_o liquor_n may_v become_v consistent_a by_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o powder_n pag._n 179._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o loadstone_n upon_o file_n of_o iron_n pag._n 293._o m._n matter_n define_v pag._n 2._o motion_n a_o catholic_n agent_n ibid._n guide_v by_o god_n in_o the_o creation_n ibid._n mechanical_a affection_n their_o result_n pag._n 7._o mixture_n and_o texture_n how_o different_a pag._n 22._o the_o effect_n of_o motion_n various_a pag._n 23._o modification_n twofold_a pag._n 44_o 45._o in_o what_o respect_v pag._n 47_o 48._o medicine_n chemical_a lay_v aside_o too_o rash_o pag._n 113_o 114._o the_o effect_n of_o languid_a and_o unheeded_a motion_n from_o pag._n 210_o to_o 238._o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o different_a i_o dium_n pag._n 223._o a_o observation_n concern_v manna_n pag._n 253._o concern_v a_o match_n burn_v in_o the_o receiver_n pag._n 325._o why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n pag._n 334._o marble_n disjoin_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n pag._n 446._o mountain_n their_o height_n pag._n 468._o n._n nature_n may_v not_o be_v always_o exact_a in_o her_o law_n pag._n 255._o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n not_o right_o state_v pag._n 302._o the_o natural_a sit_v of_o the_o air_n a_o force_a state_n pag._n 304._o o._n odour_n no_o inherent_a quality_n pag._n 9_o odour_n what_o ibid._n observation_n about_o lignum_fw-la vitæ_fw-la pag._n 103._o observation_n make_v in_o quarry_n pag._n 104._o p._n primary_n affection_n of_o matter_n pag._n 3._o putrefaction_n what_o pag._n 16._o corpuscularian_a principle_n very_o fertile_a pag._n 21_o 22._o minuteness_n of_o pore_n no_o argument_n of_o their_o nonexistence_n pag._n 125._o a_o plastic_a power_n inherent_a in_o body_n pag._n 189._o plastic_a power_n what_o pag._n 190._o petrification_n how_o effect_v pag._n 194_o 195._o q._n quality_n no_o distinct_a entity_n pag._n 3._o quality_n the_o result_n of_o modification_n pag._n 5._o prove_v pag._n 6._o quality_n act_n how_o pag._n 11._o complexion_n of_o quality_n no_o real_a quality_n pag._n 17._o whether_o quality_n depend_v on_o substantial_a form_n pag._n 18._o quality_n of_o a_o compound_v different_a from_o the_o ingredient_n pag._n 19_o some_o quality_n the_o result_n of_o mixture_n ibid._n quality_n how_o alter_v pag._n 20_o 182._o different_a quality_n in_o homogeneous_a body_n pag._n 26._o exhibit_v by_o venice_n turpentine_n pag._n 27._o by_o putrified_a urine_n pag._n 27._o new_a quality_n add_v upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o specific_a form_n pag._n 46._o quality_n the_o result_n of_o motion_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 73_o 74_o 76_o 77._o various_a quality_n produce_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n in_o camphire_n pag._n 78_o 79_o 80._o in_o copper_n and_o silver_n pag._n 81_o 82_o 83_o 84_o 85._o in_o prepare_v of_o luna_n cornea_n pag._n 86_o 87._o in_o prepare_v of_o a_o peculiar_a salt_n pag._n 88_o by_o digest_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n with_o sea-salt_n pag._n 89_o 90._o by_o distil_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o nitre_n pag._n 91_o 92._o by_o digest_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n together_o pag._n 102_o 103._o by_o a_o redintegration_n of_o salt_n petre_n pag._n 108_o 109._o r._n redintegration_n of_o body_n consider_v pag._n 69._o of_o amber_n pag._n 70._o of_o roch_n allom_n ibid._n of_o vitriol_n pag._n 71_o 72._o of_o antimony_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n ibid._n of_o salt_n petre_n pag._n 105_o 106_o 107._o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n rest_v limit_v pag._n 198._o of_o respiration_n pag._n 382._o the_o aristotelian_a rarefaction_n examine_v pag._n 404._o rarefaction_n explain_v pag._n 416._o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o plenist_n pag._n 417._o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n explain_v pag._n 419_o 420._o s._n sound_n no_o inherent_a quality_n pag._n 9_o sound_n what_o ibid._n species_n of_o body_n how_o distinguish_v pag._n 57_o 58._o salt_n their_o figure_n how_o account_v for_o pag._n 62._o salt_n obtain_v from_o a_o alkaly_n pag._n 63._o from_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n ibid._n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o nitre_n ib._n from_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n pag._n 64._o from_o gold_n pag._n 65._o venetian_a borax_n ibid._n spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o nitre_n pag._n 66._o soot_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a ibid._n spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o pot-ash_n pag._n 68_o salt_n petre_n obtain_v from_o pot-ash_n pag._n 107._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n ibid._n solidity_n refine_v pag._n 158._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o solidity_n or_o firmness_n pag._n 158_o 159_o 160_o 161_o 168_o 169_o 170_o 171_o 172_o 173_o 174_o 176_o 177_o 178_o 179_o 181_o 184_o 185_o 186_o 187._o a_o solid_a turn_v fluid_fw-la pag._n 180._o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n pag._n 200_o 201._o cosmical_a suspicion_n from_o pag._n 249_o to_o 256._o the_o temper_n of_o submarine_n region_n pag._n 266._o of_o the_o uppermost_a ibid._n of_o the_o low_a pag._n 267_o 268._o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a pag._n 279._o undisturbed_a in_o storm_n pag._n 271._o almost_o stagnate_v ibid._n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o water_n pag._n 275_o 282_o 283_o 284._o spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 278_o 279._o it_o be_v bitterness_n whence_o pag._n 280._o concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n pag._n 353._o a_o spring_n bend_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n pag._n 458._o to_o what_o height_n water_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n pag._n 452_o 454_o 456._o t._n transmutation_n of_o metal_n not_o impossible_a pag._n 94_o 95._o the_o texture_n of_o their_o liquid_n contribute_v to_o their_o mixture_n pag._n 175._o the_o texture_n of_o body_n enable_v they_o to_o work_v on_o each_o other_o pag._n 247._o tree_n under_o water_n pag._n 273._o v._o union_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o compound_n pag._n 44_o 51._o vitriol_n natural_a and_o artificial_a agree_v in_o quality_n pag._n 60_o 61._o vitriol_n turn_v into_o allom_n pag._n 68_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n pag._n 256._o of_o a_o vacuum_n pag._n 331_o 362_o 440._o vapour_n and_o fume_n why_o they_o ascend_v pag._n 356._o w._n water_n acquire_v new_a quality_n by_o a_o alteration_n of_o its_o form_n pag._n 76._o water_n convertible_a into_o earth_n pag._n 98_o 99_o how_o it_o become_v solid_a powder_n pag._n 99_o a_o insipid_a water_n draw_v from_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n pag._n 188._o water_n its_o gravitation_n pag._n 270._o agitation_n requisite_a to_o keep_v water_n from_o stink_v pag._n 281._o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n pag._n 286._o the_o different_a weight_n of_o mineral_n water_n pag._n 291._o observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v they_o pag._n 295._o whether_o they_o have_v arsenic_n in_o they_o pag._n 296._o what_o proportion_n of_o salt_n they_o afford_v pag._n 299._o of_o the_o elater_n of_o water_n pag._n 337._o it_o depend_v on_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o pag._n 339._o water_n hot_a its_o spontaneous_a ebullition_n pag._n 391._o the_o end_n advertisement_n this_o volume_n contain_v a_o epitome_n of_o several_a of_o the_o author_n work_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o advertise_v that_o to_o avoid_v a_o repetition_n of_o all_o the_o title_n prefix_v to_o the_o tract_n print_v several_o i_o have_v digest_v each_o of_o those_o book_n into_o such_o a_o method_n as_o they_o will_v have_v be_v probable_o print_v in_o have_v they_o be_v all_o writ_n by_o our_o author_n at_o one_o time_n each_o book_n be_v contain_v in_o chapter_n the_o title_n of_o which_o will_v acquaint_v the_o reader_n what_o tract_n they_o belong_v to_o and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v more_o clear_o satisfy_v i_o intend_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o volume_n to_o add_v such_o a_o table_n of_o the_o author_n work_n as_o shall_v ready_o direct_v what_o chapter_n each_o book_n be_v abridge_v in_o by_o refer_v to_o they_o imprimatur_fw-la libre_fw-la cui_fw-la titulus_fw-la the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v by_o richard_n

have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o taste_n odour_n and_o colour_n i_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o volume_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remain_a object_n of_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o three_o volume_n where_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o method_n i_o take_v in_o that_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n subscribe_v myself_o the_o candid_a reader_n very_o humble_a servant_n r._n boulton_n london_n octob._n 13._o 1699._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 1_o fig_n 1._o pag._n 4._o fig_n 3._o pag._n 5._o fig_n 4._o pag_n 6._o fig_n 2._o pag._n 2._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 2._o fig_n 4._o p_o 14_o fig_n 1._o p_o 8._o fig_n 5_o p_o 17._o fig_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 14._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 22._o fig_n 1_o p_o 21._o vol._n ii_o plate_n .4_o fig_n 3._o p_o 27._o &_o .29_o fig_n 4._o p_o 29_o p_o 23._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 25._o plate_n .5_o vol._n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 32._o fig_n 5._o p_o 485._o fig_n 3._o p_o 32._o fig_n 2._o p_o 32._o fig_n 4._o p_o 33._o plate_n .6_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1_o p_o 33._o fig_n 3._o p_o 35._o fig_n 5._o p_o 366._o fig_n 2_o p_o 34._o fig_n 4._o p_o 365._o plate_n .7_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 35._o fig_n 2._o p_o 37._o fig_n 4_o p_o 374_o fig_n p_o 334_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n iii_o chap._n i._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a volume_n forbid_v that_o i_o shall_v add_v any_o more_o of_o the_o experiment_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o what_o our_o author_n have_v further_a deliver_v in_o his_o first_o continuation_n of_o experiment_n relate_v to_o that_o subject_a experiment_n i._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o syringe_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n as_o in_o the_o experiment_n recite_v in_o the_o former_a volume_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n occasion_n the_o difficulty_n of_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n so_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o syringe_n be_v immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o ascend_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o trial_n i._n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o syringe_n and_o immerse_v the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o pipe_n in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v mercury_n we_o tie_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o syringe_n to_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v convey_v it_o into_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n 2._o plate_n 1._o represent_v 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n the_o mercury_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o ascend_v till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o it_o and_o then_o it_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v vary_v by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n up_o a_o inch_n before_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n though_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o rise_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o high_a again_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o be_v as_o difficult_a to_o raise_v the_o sucker_n as_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o syringe_n be_v stop_v the_o remain_a air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o sucker_n from_o rise_v be_v unable_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n trial_n ii_o be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a the_o former_a trial_n be_v again_o repeat_v beside_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o that_o experiment_n we_o further_o note_v that_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o syringe_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a and_o firm_a the_o mercury_n do_v not_o rise_v till_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o return_v again_o into_o the_o receiver_n though_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n but_o lest_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o these_o experiment_n shall_v be_v influence_v by_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n i_o cause_v the_o pipe_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v the_o same_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o cocheneel_v and_o observe_v that_o thou_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liquor_n afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o and_o at_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o boil_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o ascend_v in_o the_o least_o notwithstanding_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o it_o ascend_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o syringe_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n remain_v in_o the_o bottle_n in_o which_o the_o glass_n tube_n be_v immerse_v experiment_n ii_o a_o attempt_n to_o discover_v the_o motion_n of_o aether_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v instead_o of_o the_o glass_n tube_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n provide_v a_o crooked_a one_o of_o brass_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o such_o as_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v and_o join_v a_o glass_n tube_n to_o the_o short_a leg_n with_o cement_n we_o cause_v weight_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n to_o depress_v it_o speedy_o when_o occasion_n require_v this_o syringe_n be_v fix_v to_o a_o pedestal_n to_o keep_v it_o firm_a and_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o totter_v and_o a_o feather_n be_v likewise_o fix_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o syringe_n so_o that_o the_o small_a end_n be_v place_v above_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o crooked_a tube_n all_o which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o sucker_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turning-key_n be_v often_o elevate_v and_o permit_v to_o fall_v again_o the_o feather_n be_v gradual_o less_o shake_v with_o what_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o feather_n do_v not_o seem_v in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v move_v before_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o and_o then_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o as_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o quicken_v so_o that_o have_v there_o be_v a_o substance_n fine_a than_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o blast_n will_v have_v be_v great_a as_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v swift_a we_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n contrive_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n high_o than_o we_o do_v before_o but_o the_o event_n be_v no_o more_o satisfactory_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v inform_v what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o every_o exsuction_n as_o well_o as_o when_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shake_v by_o the_o wind_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o figure_n the_o three_o represent_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brazen_a one_o and_o the_o one_o end_v be_v immerse_v in_o a_o jar_n and_o place_v in_o the_o receiver_n as_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o several_a bubble_n break_v through_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o external_n air_n get_v in_o at_o a_o leak_n the_o water_n be_v press_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n again_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o that_o air_n it_o again_o subside_v yet_o yield_v so_o many_o bubble_n that_o we_o can_v not_o convenient_o make_v any_o further_a observation_n till_o the_o receiver_n have_v stand_v still_o for_o some_o time_n the_o water_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o then_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n till_o the_o gage_n discover_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v very_o well_o exhaust_v yet_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v that_o any_o bubble_n be_v force_v through_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n by_o frequent_o elevate_n and_o depress_v the_o sucker_n for_o though_o there_o appear_v a_o few_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o we_o judge_v that_o those_o rather_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a particle_n lodging_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a

in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o after_o some_o time_n the_o water_n rise_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o we_o several_a time_n raise_v the_o sucker_n 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n and_o fuffer_v it_o to_o fall_v again_o without_o perceive_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v in_o the_o least_o affect_a which_o be_v a_o argument_n either_o of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o that_o the_o part_n of_o that_o aether_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o they_o exceed_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n so_o far_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v what_o a_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v which_o be_v not_o above_o 1_o 500_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o pin_n head_n a_o particle_n of_o air_n before_o expansion_n of_o that_o minuteness_n be_v able_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v to_o displace_v much_o more_o water_n upon_o their_o expansion_n than_o this_o aether_n by_o which_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o what_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o former_o assign_v for_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n make_v use_v of_o in_o these_o experiment_n not_o be_v able_a to_o rise_v when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o till_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o experiment_n iii_o concern_v the_o fall_n of_o a_o light_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o dispose_v its_o motion_n to_o be_v visible_o alter_v by_o a_o small_a resistance_n of_o the_o air._n to_o discover_v whether_o so_o light_a body_n as_o feather_n will_v be_v affect_v in_o their_o descent_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n by_o any_o subtle_a matter_n contain_v in_o it_o we_o fix_v a_o small_a pair_n of_o tobacco-tong_n in_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n the_o four_o represent_v 4._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4._o which_o be_v 22_o inch_n high_a and_o have_v join_v four_o feather_n together_o with_o cement_n so_o as_o to_o lie_v across_o each_o other_o we_o fix_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n to_o they_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o tongue_n the_o feather_n hang_v in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n and_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n till_o by_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n it_o seem_v void_a of_o air_n we_o open_v the_o tongue_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n in_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n a_o short_a string_n the_o one_o end_v of_o which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o stopple_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o tongue_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v shorten_v upon_o which_o we_o observe_v that_o though_o these_o feather_n turn_v several_a time_n in_o the_o unexhausted_a receiver_n yet_o the_o experiment_n be_v often_o repeat_v we_o can_v not_o perceive_v they_o in_o the_o least_o to_o turn_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n but_o to_o fall_v like_o a_o dead_a weight_n and_o what_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v much_o quick_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o when_o it_o be_v full_a of_o air._n yet_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o phaenomena_n be_v less_o convince_a than_o the_o former_a because_o we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o feather_n fall_v without_o in_o the_o least_o turn_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v but_o half_o exhaust_v and_o we_o further_o note_v in_o this_o experiment_n that_o the_o receiver_n be_v lengthen_v with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o laton_n cover_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o keep_v from_o be_v press_v too_o much_o inward_a by_o the_o outward_a air_n by_o a_o case_n make_v of_o iron_n bar_n when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o into_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o make_v a_o considerable_a crackle_v noise_n the_o side_n of_o the_o metalline_a receiver_n which_o before_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n compress_v be_v again_o extend_v experiment_n iv_o of_o the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v cause_v a_o cylinder_n of_o box_n to_o be_v turn_v 1._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 1._o with_o a_o axletree_n at_o each_o end_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o uppermost_a be_v receive_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stopple_n and_o the_o axletree_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v adapt_v to_o a_o hoop_n of_o brass_n fix_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o trencher_n which_o be_v about_o 5_o inch_n broad_a and_o 3_o thick_a and_o which_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o lead_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a which_o be_v do_v a_o wire_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o trencher_n and_o at_o the_o end_n which_o bend_v downward_o be_v fix_v a_o bell_n and_o at_o another_o place_n of_o the_o same_o trencher_n be_v fix_v a_o steel_n spring_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o which_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n be_v join_v at_o such_o a_o convenient_a distance_n that_o when_o it_o be_v bend_v back_o by_o two_o peg_n place_v at_o right_a angle_n in_o the_o cylinder_n which_o have_v several_a holes_n make_v in_o it_o on_o purpose_n and_o the_o spring_n on_o a_o sudden_a cease_v to_o be_v press_v upon_o it_o will_v fly_v forcible_o upon_o the_o bell_n and_o give_v it_o a_o smart_n stroak_n thing_n be_v thus_o order_v i_o cause_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v exhaust_v and_o though_o the_o sound_v which_o be_v cause_v by_o turn_v the_o cylinder_n fix_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o piece_n of_o steel_n strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n be_v scarce_o discernible_a yet_o as_o air_n be_v gradual_o let_v in_o it_o become_v loud_a and_o more_o audible_a and_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v by_o suspend_v a_o watch_n which_o have_v a_o alarm_n belong_v to_o it_o by_o a_o piece_n of_o thread_n which_o be_v tie_v to_o a_o glass_n button_n purposely_o blow_v in_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v make_v of_o one_o entire_a piece_n so_o that_o it_o be_v less_o subject_a to_o break_v we_o order_v the_o watch_n so_o that_o the_o alarm_n shall_v begin_v to_o go_v by_o the_o time_n that_o we_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v our_o observation_n at_o which_o time_n one_o that_o hold_v his_o ear_n near_o enough_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n perceive_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o alarm_n be_v scarce_o at_o all_o discernible_a but_o become_v much_o loud_o as_o the_o air_n be_v gradual_o let_v in_o experiment_n v._o about_o the_o break_n of_o a_o glass_n drop_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o upon_o the_o break_v of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o solid_a case_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o a_o glass_n drop_v which_o upon_o its_o first_o formation_n fall_v into_o water_n be_v keep_v full_a of_o rarify_v air_n i_o say_v to_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o such_o a_o bottle_n fly_v in_o piece_n when_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o upon_o a_o sudden_a ingress_n of_o external_n air_n i_o cause_v the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o glass_n drop_v to_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o staple_n body_n the_o stem_n be_v tie_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o string_n and_o the_o other_o end_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o by_o shorten_v the_o string_n whereupon_o the_o bubble_n fly_v into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n the_o air_n enclose_v expand_v violent_o and_o endeavour_v to_o rush_v out_o at_o that_o small_a vent_n experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o production_n of_o light_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o light_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n without_o a_o access_n of_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o virtical_a cylinder_n the_o low_a basis_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v in_o a_o staple_n trencher_n and_o have_v fix_v two_o piece_n of_o steel_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o cylinder_n so_o as_o to_o rub_v forcible_o against_o a_o lump_n of_o loaf-sugar_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o vitriol_n cylinder_n being_n forcible_o turn_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turn_a key_n the_o steel_n make_v impression_n strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o sugar_n to_o cause_v it_o to_o afford_v not_o only_o several_a flash_n but_o little_a spark_n of_o fire_n experiment_n vii_o the_o production_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n and_o several_a colour_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o large_a invert_v cucurbite_n for_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o a_o large_a candle_n hold_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o air_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o cylinder_n the_o

cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o candle_n who_o flame_n be_v visible_a though_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n who_o colour_n be_v between_o blue_n and_o green_a and_o after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n will_v be_v of_o a_o reddish_n or_o orange_n colour_n very_o vivid_v which_o meteor_n i_o suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o extricate_a themselves_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o a_o hot_a iron_n to_o the_o cement_n cause_v a_o explosion_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v put_v in_o motion_n and_o dispose_v to_o expansion_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a position_n of_o those_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o receiver_n and_o various_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n i_o observe_v several_a steam_n to_o rise_v up_o from_o the_o cement_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o if_o we_o continue_v to_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n it_o will_v become_v clear_a and_o clear_a and_o the_o colour_n more_o dilute_a till_o the_o cement_n be_v enable_v to_o emit_v more_o steam_n by_o re-applying_a a_o hot_a iron_n to_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o steam_n do_v not_o so_o plentiful_o rise_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n be_v less_o agitate_a as_o the_o heat_n decline_v and_o further_o because_o they_o want_v air_n to_o support_v they_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v intimate_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n i_o convey_v some_o of_o the_o cement_n melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o open_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n to_o let_v out_o the_o air_n the_o steam_n will_v for_o some_o time_n plentiful_o fly_v about_o but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n will_v subside_o again_o but_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n the_o several_a colour_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n which_o the_o cement_n acquire_v as_o also_o on_o the_o different_a size_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o also_o on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cement_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n which_o be_v leave_v unpump_v out_o experiment_n viii_o about_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v convey_v a_o evaporate_n glass_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o it_o into_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o unslacked_a lime_n into_o it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o turning-key_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o about_o ¼_n part_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o lime_n begin_v to_o slack_v violent_o and_o at_o each_o exsuction_n afford_v very_o large_a bubble_n which_o continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o ply_v the_o pump_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o whole_a inside_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o lime_n water_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n boil_v over_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o outside_o of_o the_o vessel_n be_v considerable_o hot_a and_o the_o mixture_n continue_v its_o heat_n near_o ¼_n part_n of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v remove_v the_o lime_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o strong_a experiment_n ix_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o include_v air_n and_o examine_v a_o conjecture_n about_o the_o difference_n of_o its_o strength_n in_o unequal_o broad-mouthed_a glass_n to_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n we_o fix_v a_o syringe_n in_o a_o frame_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v firm_a and_o erect_v which_o be_v do_v we_o provide_v a_o leaden_a hoop_n which_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o hang_v so_o far_o below_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o syringe_n that_o it_o may_v have_v space_n enough_o to_o rise_v in_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syringe_n when_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v exhaust_v the_o weight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v prevent_v from_o compress_v the_o air_n beyond_o its_o natural_a state_n by_o a_o string_n the_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o turn_a key_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o the_o expand_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v about_o 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n weight_n and_o have_v the_o rammer_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n it_o probable_o will_v have_v raise_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v less_o satisfactory_a in_o determine_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n in_o elevate_a a_o determinate_a weight_n because_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n too_o easy_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n therefore_o to_o be_v more_o exact_a i_o cause_v two_o cylinder_n to_o be_v make_v different_a both_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o one_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o former_a i_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n which_o contain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n and_o have_v order_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v exhaust_v i_o find_v that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o weight_n of_o 10_o pound_v averdupoiz_n weight_n but_o though_o the_o bladder_n for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v the_o air_n from_o fly_v away_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v load_v with_o the_o utmost_a weight_n it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v some_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n render_v our_o trial_n less_o satisfactory_a wherefore_o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o cylinder_n 4_o inch_n deep_a and_o two_o in_o diameter_n which_o have_v a_o broad_a basis_n to_o stand_v upon_o we_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n into_o it_o well_o blow_a and_o tie_v 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n the_o 2_o and_o 4._o and_o put_v a_o wooden_a plug_n upon_o that_o we_o load_v the_o plug_n with_o weight_n amount_v to_o 35_o pound_n the_o uppermost_a of_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turning-key_n to_o prevent_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o then_o the_o plug_n be_v mark_v at_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o lift_v up_o the_o plug_n considerable_o yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o mark_n be_v below_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o receiver_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v again_o a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o bladder_n raise_v the_o plug_n so_o high_a that_o ⅜_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a plug_n be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o by_o repeat_v the_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 7_o pound_n weight_n more_o by_o which_o weight_n the_o mark_n upon_o the_o plug_n be_v not_o depress_v below_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o in_o try_v these_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_a 1._o that_o the_o plug_n must_v be_v so_o adapt_v to_o the_o cylinder_n as_o to_o move_v up_o and_o down_o easy_o also_o it_o must_v be_v of_o a_o convenient_a length_n not_o exceed_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o requisite_a that_o the_o plug_n shall_v have_v a_o strong_a ledge_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a surface_n that_o it_o may_v rest_v upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o sustain_v the_o weight_n lay_v upon_o it_o more_o firm_o 2._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n we_o take_v care_n to_o adapt_v it_o by_o easy_a and_o frequent_a compression_n to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v place_v in_o make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cylinder_n where_n the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v compress_v to_o that_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o weight_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v above_o that_o mark_n for_o the_o air_n be_v preternatural_o compress_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o accidental_a pressure_n may_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o air_n uncompress_v so_o that_o the_o weight_n it_o raise_v above_o that_o mark_n be_v alone_o to_o be_v take_v for_o what_o air_n

condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o its_o first_o expansion_n some_o may_v think_v the_o proportion_n not_o exact_a since_o the_o small_a bladder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v no_o more_o but_o 10_o pound_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o the_o large_a raise_v be_v 42_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o duplicate_v proportionof_a what_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o each_o cylinder_n the_o bladder_n in_o the_o less_o proportion_n able_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o in_o the_o large_a it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o difference_n 5._o consider_v that_o the_o bladder_n in_o which_o air_n be_v include_v may_v straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o exact_o determine_v can_v cylinder_n be_v contrive_v staunch_a enough_o without_o such_o help_n 6._o and_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o render_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n difficult_a to_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v adapt_v itself_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o observing_z how_o much_o the_o plug_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o lay_v the_o weight_n upon_o it_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o figure_n the_o 5_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o inch_n broad_a lift_v up_o 75_o pound_n at_o the_o 5_o exsuction_n so_o high_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o mark_n 5._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 5._o and_o at_o 2_o exsuction_n more_o it_o be_v elevate_v 3_o 10_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n the_o mercury_n that_o usual_o stand_v at_o ⅛_n above_o the_o high_a glass_n mark_v subside_v to_o ⅛_n below_o the_o second_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o after_o some_o time_n the_o bladder_n subside_v again_o and_o be_v take_v out_o exact_o answer_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v at_o the_o 24_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v depress_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n and_o at_o the_o 35th_o to_o ⅛_n below_o it_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n in_o which_o we_o heap_v flat_a weight_n one_o upon_o another_o the_o air_n raise_v 100_o pound_n weight_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v raise_v much_o more_o have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o much_o strain_v as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o some_o air_n to_o get_v out_o at_o a_o leak_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o such_o receiver_n must_v not_o be_v very_o wide_a for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o be_v crack_v by_o the_o violent_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xi_o to_o compare_v the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n i_o weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o i_o find_v to_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o grain_n more_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n we_o turn_v the_o cock_n again_o to_o keep_v that_o water_n in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o weigh_v the_o water_n weigh_v 47_o ounce_n 3_o drachm_n and_o 6_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o its_o bulk_n of_o air_n near_o 650_o grain_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v boy_v up_o to_o 29_o inch_n ¾_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n and_o condense_a state_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v great_a than_o than_o usual_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o disproportion_n be_v not_o as_o great_a as_o at_o other_o time_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n join_v with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n may_v hinder_v so_o much_o water_n from_o get_v in_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o exhaust_v air_n beside_o several_a particle_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o get_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n whilst_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v which_o join_v with_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n may_v contribute_v to_o prevent_v a_o sufficient_a ingress_n of_o water_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o various_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v exact_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o it_o and_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o water_n be_v to_o air_n some_o number_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 1100_o to_o 1_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o or_o less_o condense_v but_o

these_o trial_n be_v only_o of_o use_n in_o england_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n as_o well_o as_o air_n be_v so_o different_a in_o most_o country_n that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v frequent_a experiment_n in_o each_o to_o determine_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o such_o place_n chap._n ii_o a_o second_o continuation_n of_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n plate_n iii_o a_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n with_o a_o double_a tube_n to_o exhaust_v the_o air._n a._n a._n two_o brazen_a pump_n b._n b._n two_o hollow_a plug_n the_o low_a part_n of_o who_o cylindrical_a cavity_n be_v open_a 1._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 1._o c._n c._n two_o small_a orifice_n in_o the_o upper_a basis_n of_o the_o plug_n furnish_v with_o valve_n which_o open_a outward_a so_o that_o the_o air_n may_v get_v out_o but_o can_v return_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o plug_n again_o d._n d._n d._n d._n iron_n rod_n fix_v to_o the_o gnomon_n f._n f._n and_o design_v to_o move_v the_o plug_n e._n e._n two_o iron_n stirrup_n fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rod_n d._n d._n d._n d._n design_v for_o the_o operator_n to_o stand_v in_o to_o set_v the_o engine_n a_o go_v g._n g._n g._n a_o rope_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n h._n each_o end_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o stirrup_n e._n e._n l._n l._n two_o valve_n place_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pump_n so_o that_o by_o open_v inward_a they_o may_v admit_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n m._n m._n m._n m._n a_o tube_n which_o rise_v from_o both_o pump_n end_n in_o the_o plate_n o._n o._n have_v first_o make_v a_o curvature_n p._n p._n q._n q._n of_o a_o convenient_a length_n that_o the_o tube_n p._n q._n q._n may_v not_o hinder_v the_o operator_n from_o stand_v in_o the_o stirrup_n e._n e._n o._n o._n a_o plate_n perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a to_o afford_v a_o intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o tube_n p._n q._n q._n and_o the_o receiver_n r._n to_o render_v this_o engine_n fit_a for_o use_v 2._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 2._o it_o must_v be_v support_v in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n see_v fig._n the_o second_o and_o then_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o tube_n p._n q._n q._n sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o pump_n and_o something_o more_o the_o operator_n stand_v in_o the_o stirrup_n must_v weight_n they_o up_o and_o down_o successive_o one_o after_o another_o which_o be_v do_v as_o the_o plug_n in_o each_o pump_n be_v raise_v up_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n r._n and_o the_o tube_n q._n q._n will_n by_o its_o spring_n and_o expansion_n lift_v up_o the_o valve_n l._n l._n and_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o plug_n in_o the_o pump_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o plug_n begin_v to_o be_v press_v down_o again_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n will_v be_v hinder_v from_o pass_v into_o the_o receiver_n by_o the_o valve_n k._n l._n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o plug_n be_v full_a of_o water_n the_o air_n as_o they_o be_v force_v down_o will_v lift_v up_o the_o valve_n c._n and_o so_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n will_v be_v successive_o draw_v out_o as_o the_o plug_n move_v up_o and_o down_o alternate_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o double_a engine_n be_v preferable_a to_o a_o single_a one_o be_v because_o it_o evacuate_v the_o receiver_n more_o speedy_o and_o also_o with_o less_o trouble_n for_o whereas_o in_o a_o single_a one_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o press_v against_o the_o descend_a sucker_n be_v to_o be_v resist_v by_o force_n as_o well_o to_o depress_v the_o sucker_n as_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v up_o again_o in_o this_o double_a one_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n depress_n one_o plug_n proportionable_o as_o it_o resist_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o plug_n up_o and_o down_o be_v render_v much_o more_o easy_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v because_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o descend_a sucker_n help_v the_o operator_n to_o weigh_v it_o down_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o far_o weaken_v as_o not_o to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n that_o lie_v upon_o it_o plate_n iu._n a_o description_n of_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n the_o gage_n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o glass_n tube_v cement_v together_o 1._o see_v plate_n 4_o fig._n 1._o so_o that_o their_o cavity_n make_v a_o continue_a passage_n be_v open_a to_o each_o other_o the_o tube_n b._n c._n d._n be_v design_o crooked_a that_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n e._n d._n as_o well_o as_o the_o orifice_n of_o tube_n a._n b._n may_v be_v cement_v to_o it_o which_o be_v do_v the_o crooked_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v large_a than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o two_o be_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o then_o the_o orifice_n e._n of_o the_o small_a tube_n be_v to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o but_o the_o orifice_n a._n of_o the_o tube_n a._n b._n who_o diameter_n be_v large_a than_o that_o of_o e._n d._n be_v to_o be_v leave_v open_a this_o gage_n be_v put_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v exhaust_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n e._n d._n will_v expand_v so_o powerful_o as_o to_o descend_v into_o the_o crooked_a one_o to_o c._n force_v the_o mercury_n to_o rise_v into_o the_o tube_n b._n a._n almost_o to_o the_o top_n before_o the_o include_v air_n have_v lose_v its_o spring_n to_o discover_v then_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o receiver_n f._n g._n e._n which_o be_v place_v on_o the_o plate_n l._n m._n we_o must_v try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o invert_v the_o tube_n h._n fill_v with_o mercury_n into_o the_o glass_n i._o and_o then_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n f._n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n a._n b._n and_o e._n d._n be_v mark_v with_o paper_n as_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v suspend_v at_o 30_o 29_o or_o 28_o inch_n or_o less_o according_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o same_o mark_n viz._n 30_o 29_o etc._n etc._n be_v place_v upon_o the_o paper_n past_v on_o the_o tube_n of_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n at_o each_o distinct_a surface_n of_o the_o expanded_a air_n and_o the_o rise_a mercury_n for_o the_o future_a when_o the_o air_n and_o mercury_n descend_v and_o ascend_v to_o those_o mark_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o will_v denote_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o remain_a air_n be_v only_o able_a to_o bare_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n so_o many_o inch_n as_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n rest_n at_o be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o number_n but_o if_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o than_o natural_o compress_v it_o will_v likewise_o compress_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n e._n d._n by_o squeeze_v the_o mercury_n somewhat_o into_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n how_o much_o tall_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n air_n so_o compress_v will_v bear_v up_o than_o when_o it_o be_v but_o natural_o condense_v we_o may_v learn_v by_o the_o follow_a computation_n for_o suppose_v a_o determinate_a quantity_n of_o air_n to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o space_n a._n when_o the_o force_n that_o compress_n it_o be_v f._n if_o the_o pressure_n f._n be_v increase_v by_o the_o pressure_n g._n it_o will_v compress_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o a._n into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o take_v up_o before_o 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o so_o that_o the_o remain_a space_n b._n will_v be_v ½_n a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o if_o to_o the_o pressure_n f._n g._n we_o add_v h._n the_o air_n which_o possess_v the_o space_n a._n when_o it_o be_v only_o press_v by_o f._n will_v be_v squeeze_v into_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o space_n a._n viz._n c._n and_o consequent_o the_o air_n compress_v will_v possess_v a_o space_n proportionable_a to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o first_o pressure_n be_v to_o a_o total_a pressure_n the_o remain_v space_n the_o total_a space_n the_o first_o pressure_n the_o total_a pressure_n so_o that_o three_o of_o those_o quantity_n be_v know_v the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n will_v teach_v we_o the_o four_o for_o if_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o usual_o condense_v in_o england_n possess_v the_o tube_n e._n d._n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v then_o

bend_a p._n in_o press_v up_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n the_o finger_n may_v more_o vigorous_o draw_v up_o the_o leaver_n l._n t._n t._n a_o rectangle_n of_o iron_n compass_v the_o leaver_n l._n l._n and_o the_o iron_n o._n p._n o._n to_o keep_v it_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o plug_n may_v not_o fly_v out_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o globe_n a._n a._n i._o i._n a_o elliptic_a hole_n which_o be_v shut_v with_o a_o valve_n that_o open_v inward_a the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v that_o what_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v and_o mend_v s._n s._n a_o plate_n of_o metal_n perforate_v with_o a_o screw_n v._o which_o sustain_v the_o valve_n and_o keep_v the_o hole_n v._o shut_v q._n a_o hole_n for_o the_o air_n which_o be_v to_o be_v press_v into_o the_o globe_n to_o enter_v in_o at_o when_o the_o sucker_n d._n be_v pull_v down_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n the_o method_n to_o press_v air_n into_o this_o globe_n be_v this_o i_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o crooked_a end_n of_o the_o sucker_n d._n and_o then_o pull_v up_o the_o globe_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n be_v full_a of_o air_n i_o depress_v the_o globe_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o air_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v force_v into_o it_o through_o the_o valve_n f._n and_o this_o method_n be_v take_v as_o long_o as_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n will_v permit_v we_o to_o compress_v it_o any_o further_a the_o air_n may_v be_v discharge_v if_o when_o the_o plug_n d._n be_v draw_v out_o and_o a_o bullet_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n instead_o of_o it_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n be_v raise_v so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n wire_n may_v open_v the_o valve_n b._n for_o the_o air_n violent_o rush_v out_o will_v drive_v the_o bullet_n away_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o globe_n will_v be_v soon_o fill_v with_o air_n if_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n before_o the_o sucker_n d._n for_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o air_n will_v be_v force_v clear_o out_o of_o the_o tube_n into_o the_o globe_n and_o this_o wind-gun_n have_v these_o advantage_n above_o any_o other_o yet_o mention_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v spoil_v as_o those_o that_o have_v two_o valve_n second_o it_o be_v easy_o mend_v what_o be_v amiss_o be_v take_v out_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n three_o it_o be_v much_o more_o staunch_a the_o cranny_n be_v stop_v with_o silver_n soder_n which_o damage_n not_o the_o leather_n on_o the_o valve_n because_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o the_o soder_n be_v cool_v at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n four_o several_a body_n may_v be_v convey_v into_o it_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o try_v several_a experiment_n plate_n v._o how_o factitious_a air_n may_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o receiver_n into_o another_o a.a._n a_o metalline_a plate_n perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a b._n b._n to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v the_o low_a orifice_n be_v make_v into_o a_o male_a screw_n d._n c._n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o female_a screw_n d._n of_o the_o copper_n funnel_n d._n c._n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o e._n e._n a_o hollow_a tube_n both_o of_o who_o end_n be_v form_v into_o a_o female_a screw_n to_o receive_v the_o male_a screw_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n b.b._n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o f._n f._n the_o receiver_n lay_v on_o the_o plate_n a._n a._n and_o exact_o fit_v to_o it_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o factitious_a air_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n f._n f._n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tunnel_n c._n be_v place_v on_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n b._n be_v open_v the_o air_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v do_v the_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v shut_v again_o and_o the_o male_a screw_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o female_a screw_n in_o the_o brass_n tunnel_n the_o receiver_n be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n to_o keep_v external_n air_n out_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o compression_n of_o the_o factitious_a air_n they_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n before_o mention_v to_o transmit_v this_o air_n into_o another_o receiver_n f._n f._n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o small_a tube_n e._n e._n fig._n the_o second_o into_o each_o end_n of_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o two_o receiver_n be_v screw_v and_o the_o cranny_n stop_v with_o cement_n by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n the_o air_n may_v be_v let_v out_o of_o one_o into_o the_o other_o to_o discover_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o which_o receiver_n because_o they_o must_v be_v invert_v we_o contrive_v the_o follow_a gage_n 4._o see_v fig._n 4._o a._n a._n a_o viol_n fill_v with_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o superficies_n d._n d._n b._n b._n a_o tube_n cement_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o c._n c._n another_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n leave_v room_n for_o a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o which_o must_v be_v seal_v and_o the_o other_o end_v open_a if_o this_o gage_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v invert_v both_o the_o tube_n will_v have_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o exhaust_v and_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v factitious_a air_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v a_o intercourse_n betwixt_o they_o and_o then_o the_o gage_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n which_o lie_v below_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n fall_v about_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n by_o rise_v up_o into_o it_o will_v show_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o that_o factitious_a air._n plate_n vi_o a_o instrument_n by_o which_o air_n may_v be_v filtrate_v through_o water_n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o a._n a._n a_o glass_n receiver_n who_o orifice_n be_v adapt_v to_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n which_o be_v perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a by_o the_o tubes_fw-la c._n c._n d._n d._n which_o be_v cement_v to_o it_o e._n e._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n into_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n be_v insert_v f._n f._n the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n in_o which_o be_v make_v the_o chink_n g._n g._n without_o any_o perforation_n h._n h._n the_o receiver_n to_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v prevent_v a_o ingress_n of_o outward_a air_n and_o have_v a_o due_a intercourse_n with_o the_o pump_n 1._o 1._o l._n l._n a_o glass_n vessel_n m._n the_o stopple_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n fasten_v with_o a_o screw_n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o a_o stop-cock_n cut_v transverse_a so_o that_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n into_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v perceive_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v as_o follow_v to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o body_n include_v with_o it_o we_o convey_v that_o body_n into_o the_o vessel_n and_o then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n at_o the_o orifice_n m._n until_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v half_o full_a and_o the_o vessel_n l._n l._n swim_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o the_o orifice_n m._n be_v stop_v up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o key_n so_o place_v that_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n may_v communicate_v with_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n and_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n into_o the_o receiver_n h._n h._n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o pump_n upon_o which_o the_o chink_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o communicate_v with_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o then_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o air_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o emerge_n through_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n and_o by_o this_o method_n we_o can_v strain_v it_o through_o water_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v inform_v what_o new_a quality_n it_o acquire_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n about_o it_o figure_fw-fr iii_o how_o the_o same_o numerical_a air_n may_v be_v sometime_o condense_v and_o sometime_o rarify_v the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n c._n be_v fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n the_o

pump_n d._n d._n be_v join_v by_o a_o screw_n to_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n e._n a_o vessel_n which_o fluctuate_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o a_o animal_n be_v put_v and_o the_o pump_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o screw_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n will_v by_o lift_v up_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v condense_a the_o air_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o new_a and_o by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n down_o again_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o air_n will_v be_v again_o expanded_a so_o that_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v how_o much_o the_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n of_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o life_n or_o health_n of_o animal_n plate_n vii_o a_o instrument_n to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la fig_n see_v fig_n a._n a._n a_o brazen_a vessel_n the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o upper_a open_a b._n b._n a_o piece_n of_o tin_n exquisite_o adapt_v to_o the_o tube_n so_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o external_n air_n from_o enter_v in_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o a._n a._n d._n d._n c._n c._n a_o tube_n fix_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tin_n plate_n b._n b._n d._n d._n a_o brazen_a vessel_n who_o orifice_n be_v contiguous_a to_o b._n b._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n in_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n f._n f._n a_o tube-reaching_a from_o the_o stop-cock_n to_o the_o pneumatick_a engin._n g._n g._n a_o metalline_a vessel_n enclose_v the_o juncture_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o diaphragma_n and_o also_o the_o stop-cock_n that_o by_o keep_v they_o immerse_v in_o water_n they_o may_v be_v free_a from_o external_n air_n this_o be_v cement_v to_o the_o vessel_n a._n with_o soder_n the_o manner_n of_o use_v this_o engine_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n the_o tin_n plate_n be_v remove_v and_o the_o ingredient_n to_o be_v boil_v be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n a._n a._n then_o re-applying_a the_o tin_n plate_n a._n a._n and_o the_o vessel_n d._n d._n and_o the_o tube_n f._n f._n be_v apply_v to_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n have_v be_v first_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o shut_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o remove_v the_o tube_n f._n f._n and_o then_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n be_v place_v on_o the_o fire_n vapour_n will_v ascend_v through_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n which_o will_v be_v condense_v in_o the_o upper_a vessel_n and_o what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v there_o generate_v will_v appear_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n h._n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o round_a piece_n of_o perforated_a paper_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n a._n a._n d._n d._n they_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o join_v with_o the_o tin_n plate_n the_o juncture_n of_o the_o tube_n f._n f._n both_o with_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v guard_v with_o cement_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o stand_v so_o far_o without_o the_o vessel_n g._n that_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_o turn_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o vessel_n the_o tin_n plate_n e._n e._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v lay_v aside_o which_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o great_a dissiculty_n for_o the_o key_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o of_o which_o m._n be_v turn_v in_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o chink_n into_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o part_n o._n o._n which_o fill_v the_o pipe_n n._n n._n fix_v to_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n be_v receive_v so_o that_o one_o end_v be_v prominent_a outward_o whilst_o it_o be_v turn_v it_o may_v communicate_v motion_n to_o the_o other_o part_n m._n but_o whilst_o the_o tin_n plate_n b._n b._n be_v be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n it_o must_v be_v draw_v outward_a 2._o fig._n 2._o another_o instrument_n for_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o former_a b._n b._n a_o small_a tube_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v polish_a that_o it_o may_v be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n a._n and_o d._n a._n a._n d._n d._n two_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n so_o join_v by_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n that_o vapour_n may_v pass_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o e._n e._n f._n f._n g._n g._n i._o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o the_o instrument_n be_v to_o be_v evacuate_v by_o the_o same_o method_n only_o the_o glass_n vessel_n must_v be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la or_o on_o sand_n and_o the_o vapour_n so_o raise_v will_v condense_a in_o the_o vessel_n d._n d._n chap._n iii_o article_n i._o several_a way_n to_o help_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n bread_n air_n produce_v from_o bread_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n which_o be_v moist_a and_o a_o little_a knead_a will_v yield_v air_n i_o include_v it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n july_n 12_o 76._o but_o it_o yield_v none_o on_o the_o 12_o some_o break_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o inch_n high_a and_o at_o night_n it_o be_v raise_v a_o inch_n high_o though_o no_o external_a air_n get_v in_o july_n 13_o it_o ascend_v high_a on_o the_o 26_o day_n it_o expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o separate_v the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n the_o smell_n of_o it_o be_v acid_a so_o that_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o bread_n by_o such_o a_o menstruum_fw-la as_o water_n experiment_n ii_o jv_o the_o 11_o bread_n be_v burn_v by_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v air_n which_o come_v from_o it_o with_o a_o explosion_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v that_o can_v air_n be_v separate_v more_o easy_o from_o it_o it_o will_v produce_v very_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n iii_o septemb_n 22._o i_o enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n grape_n from_o grape_n eight_o ounce_n of_o dry_a grape_n bruise_v in_o 7_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o receiver_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n septemb_n 23._o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n all_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n septemb_n 30._o in_o seven_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v thirteen_o inch_n octob._n 5._o in_o five_o day_n more_o it_o be_v 25_o inch_n high_a octob._n 18._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v slow_o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n grape_n without_o water_n do_v not_o yield_v air_n so_o plentiful_o see_v art_n ix_o exp._n i._n experiment_n iu._n july_n 12._o i_o shut_v up_o 10_o ounce_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n bruise_v raisin_n from_o raisin_n in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o ferment_n july_n 14._o in_o 48_o hour_n raise_v the_o mercury_n ten_o inch_n at_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o inch_n high_o the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o high_a as_o when_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n july_n 16._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v separate_v by_o air_n which_o get_v through_o the_o water_n which_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o raisin_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la again_o july_n 18._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o air_n break_v out_o july_n 19_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n july_n 21._o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o full_a of_o air_n that_o some_o of_o it_o force_v its_o way_n out_o and_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n again_o july_n 22._o the_o receiver_n be_v almost_o full_a the_o 23d_o in_o the_o morning_n it_o force_v itself_o out_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n have_v work_v upon_o grape_n 5_o or_o 6_o day_n they_o yield_v air_n very_o fast_o though_o at_o the_o first_o they_o do_v not_o experiment_n v._n august_n 13._o 1677._o plum_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o one_o receiver_n plum_n from_o plum_n and_o pear_n in_o two_o other_o august_n 16._o they_o be_v all_o full_a of_o air_n and_o one_o which_o contain_v pear_n and_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o sunbeam_n raise_v the_o cover_n in_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n vi._n octob._n 16._o 77._o grs._n from_o bsed_a grs._n i_o enclose_v two_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 20_o ounce_n of_o water_n .._o octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch._n octob._n 18._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o 20_o it_o increase_v 2_o inch_n the_o 22d_o 4_o inch_n the_o 27_o near_o 6_o inch_n jan._n 2._o 78._o it_o be_v not_o quite_o 10_o inch_n

experiment_n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o 77._o ten_o ounce_n of_o paste_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n paste_n from_o paste_n i_o impress_v air_n enough_o into_o it_o to_o sustain_v 73_o inch_n of_o mercury_n above_o the_o length_n of_o a_o cylinder_n which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o in_o two_o hour_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n feb._n 23._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o in_o 6_o hour_n more_o it_o ascend_v 8_o inch_n high_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o 83_o inch_n feb._n 24_o it_o be_v 90_o inch_n high_a feb._n 25_o it_o be_v 97_o inch_n high_a feb._n 26_o it_o be_v 101_o inch_n high_a feb._n 27_o it_o be_v 105_o inch_n high_a feb._n 28_o it_o be_v 107_o ½_n inch_n high_a march_n 1_o it_o be_v 112_o inch_n high_a water_n seem_v to_o be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o paste_n march_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 120_o inch_n march_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 121_o inch_n march_n 4_o &_o 5_o it_o remain_v at_o 121_o inch_n march_n 8._o upon_o a_o thaw_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 125_o digit_n march_n 10._o it_o rise_v 6_o digit_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 131_o digit_n march_n 21._o the_o season_n be_v so_o long_o cold_a no_o air_n be_v generate_v except_o that_o in_o the_o three_o last_o day_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 138_o digit_n april_n 4._o one_o of_o the_o iron_n wire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o straiten_v the_o receiver_n be_v break_v and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cold_a and_o compression_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n experiment_n v._n march_n 1._o 77._o two_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bruise_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n with_o six_o ounce_n of_o vinegar_n it_o afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o march_n 2._o it_o still_o yield_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v half_o a_o inch._n march_n 25._o the_o vinegar_n seem_v to_o contain_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v a_o inch._n so_o that_o vinegar_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n vi._n april_n 7._o have_v put_v 10_o ounce_n of_o paste_n into_o a_o receiver_n able_a to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o water_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o sustain_v mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 128_o inch_n in_o six_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v four_o inch_n be_v sustain_v at_o 132_o digit_n april_n 8._o in_o 16_o hour_n it_o ascend_v 9_o inch_n high_o but_o for_o nine_o hour_n after_o it_o rest_v at_o 141._o april_n 9_o some_o air_n break_v out_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 130_o inch_n therefore_o thrust_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v it_o to_o 141_o i_o close_v it_o it_o up_o with_o a_o screw_n apr._n 10_o it_o be_v at_o 151_o digit_n apr._n 11_o it_o be_v at_o 158_o digit_n apr._n 12_o it_o be_v at_o 168_o digit_n apr._n 13_o it_o be_v at_o 176_o digit_n april_n 14_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 15_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 16_o it_o be_v at_o 187_o digit_n april_n 17_o it_o be_v at_o 191_o digit_n april_n 27._o eight_o day_n its_o station_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o two_o last_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n be_v raise_v to_o 198_o digit_n april_n 30._o so_o much_o air_n be_v let_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v but_o 50_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o compress_v state_n of_o that_o air_n hinder_v it_o from_o expanding_n the_o remain_a air_n be_v pin_v up_o present_o raise_v the_o mercury_n sensible_o and_o 3_o hour_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 62_o digit_n from_o 50._o in_o five_o hour_n space_n after_o rose_n 1_o ½_n may_v 1._o in_o 15_o hour_n it_o raise_v only_o a_o inch._n may_v 3_o on_o the_o second_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v no_o high_a i_o let_v the_o air_n go_v and_o the_o screw_v be_v set_v again_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n may_v 7._o in_o 3_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n high_o may_v 8._o in_o the_o two_o last_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v ½_n a_o inch._n and_o the_o mass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 5_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o a_o inch._n may_v 21._o it_o have_v not_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n yet_o may_v 30._o it_o rest_v at_o 4_o inch_n and_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o air_n that_o paste_n will_v afford_v may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o though_o it_o be_v compress_v yet_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o some_o measure_n till_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o repeat_v turn_v and_o reciprocation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v more_o slow_o generate_v in_o compress_v than_o in_o free_a air_n it_o usual_o yield_v all_o that_o it_o will_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n experiment_n viii_o artificial_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o have_v include_v plum_n and_o apricock_n cut_v asunder_o in_o a_o receiver_n apricock_n plum_n and_o apricock_n i_o press_v so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n into_o they_o as_o raise_v 64_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o they_o yield_v no_o air_n but_o become_v yellow_a as_o if_o too_o ripe_a august_n 3_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o a_o whole_a apricock_n appear_v full_a of_o drop_n of_o water_n august_n 7._o the_o whole_a apricock_n grow_v soft_a and_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 59_o inch_n tall_a than_o its_o usual_a length_n august_n 8_o it_o be_v 61_o digit_n high_a august_n 9_o it_o be_v 65_o digit_n high_a august_n 10_o it_o be_v 71_o digit_n high_a august_n 11_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a april13_n it_o be_v 78_o digit_n high_a april14_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april15_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april16_n and_o till_o the_o 22_o the_o it_o rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o 24_o it_o be_v 77_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o 29_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o colour_a and_o smell_v sub-acid_a the_o flesh_n be_v spongeous_a it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n when_o first_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n common_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n some_o be_v cut_v and_o other_o whole_a july_n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a august_n 1_o at_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o inch_n august_n 3_o the_o fruit_n be_v much_o more_o firm_a than_o those_o include_v with_o artificial_a air._n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 35_o inch_n august_n 4._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n august_n 6._o the_o apricock_n appear_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 57_o inch_n aug._n 7_o it_o be_v 81_o digit_n high_a aug._n 8_o it_o be_v 95_o digit_n high_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v 113_o digit_n high_a aug._n 10_o it_o be_v 124_o digit_n high_a the_o apricock_n begin_v to_o turn_v yellow_a but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o appear_v moist_a aug._n 11_o it_o be_v 131_o digit_n high_a aug._n 13_o it_o be_v 157_o digit_n high_a aug._n 14_o it_o be_v 163_o digit_n high_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 17_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 182_o inch_n high_a aug._n 29_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o apricock_n be_v more_o acid_n and_o less_o grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o those_o in_o factitious_a air_n the_o pulp_n be_v well_o colour_a but_o spongy_a they_o yield_v bubble_n as_o the_o other_o do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n hinder_v the_o apricock_n enclose_v with_o they_o from_o yield_a air_n yet_o it_o enrich_v their_o colour_n and_o firmness_n and_o be_v good_a to_o preserve_v their_o taste_n experiment_n viii_o wine_n grape_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n oct._n 11_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 12_o the_o ascent_n

receiver_n be_v 42_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o 26._o the_o bubble_n which_o before_o appear_v in_o the_o full_a receiver_n disappear_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o gage_n possess_v a_o large_a space_n than_o before_o in_o the_o full_a receiver_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v octob._n 16_o 60_o inch_n octob._n 18_o 90_o inch_n octob._n 22_o 90_o inch_n octob._n 23_o 108_o inch_n octob._n 26_o 108_o inch_n octob._n 28_o 138_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o octob._n 16_o 30_o inch_n octob._n 18_o 40_o inch_n octob._n 22_o 42_o inch_n octob._n 23_o 50_o inch_n octob._n 26_o 60_o inch_n octob._n 28_o 63_o inch_n the_o bubble_n appear_v again_o nevemb_v 8._o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o ale_n seem_v ready_a to_o fly_v into_o froth_n except_o the_o orifice_n be_v present_o stop_v again_o it_o be_v taste_n be_v very_o pungent_a as_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v open_v or_o shut_v the_o mercury_n will_v descend_v or_o ascend_v novemb_n 9_o almost_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o when_o the_o other_o receiver_n be_v open_v from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o ale_n soon_o ferment_n when_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v with_o it_o than_o when_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o ale_n in_o such_o receiver_n at_o the_o last_o expand_n more_o violent_o experiment_n fourteen_o june_n 27._o wine_n pease_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n green_a pease_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n by_o some_o air_n that_o get_v in_o accidental_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 18_o inch_n to_o prevent_v which_o a_o second_o time_n the_o receiver_n be_v cement_v and_o make_v firm_a with_o turpentine_n june_n 30._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o vary_v july_n 7._o no_o air_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n pease_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o pease_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n as_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n june_n 28._o at_o night_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o inch_n jun._n 29_o it_o be_v 10_o digit_n high_a jun._n 30_o it_o be_v 16_o digit_n high_a july_n 1_o it_o be_v 19_o digit_n high_a july_n 5_o it_o be_v 26_o digit_n high_a july_n 7_o it_o be_v 30_o digit_n high_a july_n 8._o the_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n it_o be_v too_o much_o fill_v from_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o pease_n article_n iii_o the_o effect_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v different_a from_o the_o effect_n of_o common_a air._n experiment_n i._n june_n 19_o 77._o receiver_n cherry_n in_o close_v in_o a_o receiver_n cherry_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o evacuated_a receiver_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v in_o 6_o hour_n 5_o inch_n ½_n june_n 20._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 3_o ½_n at_o night_n it_o be_v 2._o june_n 21_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n june_n 22_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n june_n 23_o it_o be_v raise_v 2_o june_n 24_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n june_n 25_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n june_n 26_o it_o be_v 3_o june_n 27_o it_o be_v 3_o june_n 28_o it_o be_v 5_o june_n 30_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n july_n 1_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o july_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v 4_o july_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v 2_o july_n 4_o it_o be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n july_n 5_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o it_o be_v 45_o inch_n high_a but_o the_o air_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o receiver_n it_o subside_v to_o 25_o inch_n july_n 6_o it_o rise_v 4_o july_n 7_o it_o rise_v 5_o ½_n july_n 8_o it_o rise_v 5_o july_n 9_o it_o rise_v 5_o july_n 10_o it_o rise_v 6_o july_n 11_o it_o rise_v 12_o july_n 13_o it_o rise_v 7._o july_n 13._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n be_v suspend_v at_o 92_o inch_n and_o the_o air_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o receiver_n be_v 50_o inch_n high_a july_n 14_o it_o be_v raise_v 14_o july_n 15_o it_o be_v raise_v 11_o july_n 16_o it_o be_v raise_v 13_o july_n 17_o it_o be_v raise_v 5_o july_n 18_o it_o be_v raise_v 9_o the_o 19_o it_o be_v subside_v from_o 102_o to_o 92_o inch_n part_v of_o it_o be_v convey_v into_o another_o receiver_n the_o 20_o it_o ascend_v 15._o the_o 22_o air_n get_v out_o it_o subside_v to_o 63_o inch_n ½_n the_o 23_o it_o ascend_v to_o 12_o ½_n the_o 24_o it_o ascend_v 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v 79_o but_o the_o air_n be_v remove_v into_o another_o receiver_n it_o stand_v at_o 62._o july_n 25_o it_o rise_v 8_o july_n 26_o it_o rise_v 9_o july_n 27_o it_o rise_v 4_o july_n 28_o it_o rise_v 5_o july_n 30_o it_o ascend_v ten_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o the_o suspend_v cylinder_n be_v 98_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o receiver_n it_o stand_v at_o 64._o july_n 31_o it_o rise_v 6_o inc._n august_n 1_o it_o rise_v 9_o inc._n august_n 2_o it_o rise_v 4_o inc._n august_n 3_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o another_o receiver_n be_v 68_o inch_n high_a august_n 4_o it_o be_v remove_v subside_v to_o 54_o inch_n august_n 6_o it_o rise_v 7_o in._n august_n 7_o it_o rise_v 4_o in._n august_n 8_o it_o rise_v 0_o in._n august_n 9_o it_o rise_v 3_o in._n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o cherry_n be_v almost_o insipid_a be_v of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n and_o the_o pulp_n spongy_a from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o cherry_n be_v capable_a of_o yield_a air_n yet_o the_o production_n of_o it_o be_v not_o very_o regular_a experiment_n ii_o july_n 13_o 67._o receiver_n cherry_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n cherry_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n together_o with_o as_o much_o air_n obtain_v from_o cherry_n put_v up_o in_o another_o receiver_n as_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 50_o inch_n july_n 15._o it_o be_v raise_v two_o inch_n high_o though_o the_o day_n before_o there_o be_v no_o variation_n in_o its_o height_n july_n 16_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n july_n 17_o it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n july_n 26_o it_o be_v raise_v 18_o some_o air_n get_v out_o july_n 27_o it_o be_v raise_v 2_o some_o air_n get_v out_o july_n 30_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o july_n 31_o it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n august_n one_a it_o stop_v at_o the_o height_n of_o 61_o inch_n some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o aug._n 27._o the_o air_n be_v whole_o vanish_v i_o take_v out_o the_o cherry_n which_o retain_v their_o colour_n without_o putrefaction_n their_o taste_n be_v acid_a and_o the_o pulp_n be_v full_a of_o cavity_n like_o fermented_a paste_n from_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n experiment_n compare_v it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v less_o in_o artificial_a than_o common_a air_n and_o consequent_o their_o natural_a state_n be_v long_o preserve_v experiment_n iii_o septemb_n 10_o 77._o common_a air._n receiver_n grape_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n six_o ounce_n of_o unripe_a grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o common_a air_n i_o shut_v up_o the_o receiver_n firm_o with_o a_o screw_n septemb_n 11_o the_o mercury_n rise_v not_o in_o the_o least_o septemb_n 12_o it_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n high_a septemb_n 13_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 3_o ½_n septemb_n 14_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 7_o septemb_n 15_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 10_o septemb_n 16_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 12_o ½_n septemb_n 17_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 14_o sept._n 18_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 16_o sept._n 19_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 18_o sept._n 20_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 20_o sept._n 21_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 22_o sept._n 22_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 23_o ½_n septemb_n 23_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n no_o alteration_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o grape_n septemb_n 24_o it_o be_v 30_o inch_n high_a septemb_n 25_o it_o be_v 31._o the_o colour_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v turn_v yellow_a septemb_n 26_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 32_o ½_n septemb_n 27_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 34_o sept._n 29_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 35_o sept._n 30_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 35_o octob._n 1_o the_o mercury_n be_v 35_o inch_n high_a octob._n 2_o it_o be_v 36_o octob._n 0_o it_o be_v 36_o octob._n 6_o it_o be_v 36_o octob._n 10_o it_o be_v 35_o octob._n 13_o it_o be_v 32_o ½_n none_n of_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o the_o cold_a increase_v novemb_n 9_o the_o mercury_n have_v neither_o ascend_v nor_o descend_v decem._n 19_o the_o air_n be_v lose_v decem._n 20_o the_o grape_n take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n

be_v firm_a than_o before_o their_o taste_n and_o smell_v discover_v they_o to_o be_v mouldy_a factitious_a air._n septemb_n 10._o 77._o have_v include_v 2_o ounce_n of_o unripe_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 8_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o as_o much_o of_o factitious_a air_n of_o pear_n as_o sustain_v a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o 10_o digit_n sept._n 11._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 8_o digit_n sept._n 12._o it_o ascend_v 3_o inch_n sept._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o sept._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o sept._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept_n 17._o it_o be_v sustain_v at_o 28_o inch_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v turn_v yellow_a sept._n 18_o it_o be_v 29_o sept._n 19_o it_o be_v 30_o sept._n 20_o it_o be_v 31_o sept._n 21_o it_o be_v 33_o sept._n 23_o it_o be_v 35_o sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 20_o some_o air_n get_v out_o the_o grape_n be_v yellow_a sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 21_o sept._n 25_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 26_o little_a variation_n sept._n 27_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 29_o it_o be_v 27_o sept._n 30_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 1_o &_o 2_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 5_o it_o be_v 30_o oct._n 6_o it_o be_v 31_o oct._n 10_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n oct._n 13_o it_o be_v 31_o nou._n 9_o it_o be_v 13._o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o nou._n 19_o it_o be_v 29_o inch_n high_a dec._n 20._o the_o grape_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o firmness_n the_o taste_n and_o smell_v be_v not_o less_o grateful_a than_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o firmness_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o exhalation_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o it_o hence_o likewise_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n may_v preserve_v the_o taste_n though_o it_o cause_v a_o change_n in_o colour_n experiment_n iu._n july_n 18._o have_v enclose_v two_o piece_n of_o orange_n orange_n artificial_a air_n from_o orange_n the_o one_o with_o common_a air_n and_o add_v as_o much_o factitious_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v up_o 12_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o other_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n july_n 20._o the_o latter_a seem_v mouldy_a the_o other_o not_o appear_v to_o have_v undergo_v any_o change_n july_n 23._o the_o orange_n contain_v in_o the_o factitious_a air_n be_v unaltered_a the_o mouldiness_n of_o the_o other_o be_v increase_v july_n 26._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n seem_v putrid_a as_o likewise_o the_o other_o do_v but_o without_o mouldiness_n august_n 1_o no_o far_o alteration_n appear_v in_o the_o orange_n i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n which_o hold_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_a be_v well_o taste_v and_o firm_a only_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rind_n have_v lose_v a_o little_a juice_n that_o in_o the_o other_o reciver_n seem_v rot_a except_o the_o rind_n it_o may_v be_v here_o observe_v that_o factitious_a air_n of_o the_o cherry_n have_v different_a effect_n on_o several_a fruit_n experiment_n v._n factitious_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n artificial_a air_n from_o beef_n have_v compress_v air_n make_v of_o cherry_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o beef_n so_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n 27_o inch_n high_a july_n 21_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 22_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 23_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 25_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 26_o the_o receiver_n and_o cover_n be_v separate_v the_o flesh_n stink_v common_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v july_n 21_o 0_o july_n 22_o 1_o inch._n july_n 23_o 5_o ½_n july_n 25_o 9_o ½_n july_n 26_o 14_o ½_n towards_o night_n 18._o july_n 27_o 21_o ½_n towards_o night_n 25._o july_n 28_o the_o air_n get_v out_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o from_o flesh_n experiment_n vi._n common_a air._n march_n 14._o 76._o onion_n artificial_a air_n from_o onion_n two_o onion_n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 28._o the_o mercury_n on_o the_o sixteenth_o be_v depress_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n but_o after_o be_v buoy_v up_o 2_o ¼_n and_o the_o air_n get_v out_o the_o length_n of_o the_o root_n be_v increase_v april_n 28._o they_o be_v putrify_v and_o corrupt_v may_v 9_o the_o mercury_n neither_o ascend_v nor_o subside_v but_o the_o root_n be_v putrify_v factitious_a air._n march_n 17._o 76._o onion_n be_v include_v with_o air_n obtain_v from_o paste_n march_n 28._o they_o take_v root_n just_a as_o they_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air._n april_n 28._o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o root_n begin_v to_o putrify_v perhaps_o because_o the_o artificial_a air_n may_v be_v moist_a the_o mercury_n ascend_v 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n may._n 18._o one_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o vegetation_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o artificial_a air_n and_o it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v increase_v experiment_n vii_o common_a air._n august_n 25._o grape_n artificial_a air_n from_o grape_n fix_v ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n aug._n 26_o it_o be_v ascent_n scarce_o discernible_a aug._n 27_o 1_o inch._n aug._n 28_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 29_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 30._o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o little_a the_o grape_n be_v not_o equal_o alter_v as_o in_o artificial_a air_n of_o pear_n aug._n 31._o the_o grape_n be_v open_a to_o the_o atmosphere_n septemb_n 7._o their_o pungent_a taste_n be_v something_o abate_v though_o they_o retain_v their_o colour_n factitious_a air._n aug._n 25._o two_o ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 8_o ½_n of_o water_n so_o much_o air_n of_o pear_n be_v thrust_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n aug._n 26._o some_o air_n get_v out_o a_o supply_n be_v add_v which_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 17_o inch_n high_a aug._n 27._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o less_o than_o 16_o inch_n towards_o night_n it_o ascend_v again_o to_o 17_o inch_n aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 21_o aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 22_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o ½_n sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n and_o 4_o they_o acquire_v a_o yellowness_n sept._n 5._o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 7._o the_o grape_n be_v insipid_a and_o of_o a_o ungrateful_a taste_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v argue_v for_o the_o power_n of_o artificial_a air_n in_o change_a colour_n it_o promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n and_o preserve_v taste_n experiment_n viii_o factitious_a air._n aug._n 2.76_o gillyflower_n artificial_a air_n from_o gillyflower_n a_o gillyflower_n be_v enclose_v with_o air_n of_o paste_n in_o a_o receiver_n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v moist_a and_o alter_v its_o colour_n aug._n 9_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v aug._n 12._o their_o moistness_n increase_v gradual_o without_o mouldiness_n aug._n 31._o it_o be_v not_o so_o fresh_a as_o those_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 2._o common_a air._n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air._n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v unaltered_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v wet_a and_o almost_o colourless_a aug._n 12._o it_o be_v very_o mouldy_a aug._n 4._o vacuum_n two_o gillyflower_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuum_n aug._n 4._o they_o seem_v moist_a but_o in_o a_o year_n after_o undergo_v no_o alteration_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n render_v colour_n more_o subject_a to_o change_v experiment_n ix_o common_a air._n july_n 24._o plum_n artificial_a air_n from_o apricock_n and_o plum_n a_o pricock_n and_o plum_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n july_n 28._o there_o be_v no_o change_n in_o the_o fruit_n but_o that_o one_o plum_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v a_o little_a mouldy_a aug._n 11._o the_o colour_n taste_n and_o consistence_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v all_o very_a acceptable_a july_n 24._o artificial_a air._n the_o same_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o keep_v a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n up_o to_o 22_o inch_n july_n 25._o it_o subside_v 3_o inch_n and_o rise_v to_o 22_o again-towards_a night_n july_n 26_o it_o rise_v 28_o july_n 27_o it_o

rise_v 34_o ½_n july_n 28_o it_o rise_v 36_o july_n 29_o it_o rise_v 40_o july_n 30_o it_o rise_v 44_o foot_n high_a those_o apricock_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v moist_a and_o begin_v to_o dissolve_v in_o water_n july_n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 51_o aug._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 2_o it_o be_v 65_o foot_n high_a the_o fruit_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n very_o soft_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o air_n of_o cherry_n hasten_v alteration_n in_o colour_n and_o firmness_n in_o apricock_n experiment_n x._o july_n 30._o plum_n cut_v in_o piece_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o likewise_o with_o common_a air_n and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n of_o gooseberry_n aug._n 2._o in_o the_o latter_a they_o be_v unaltered_a in_o common_a air_n they_o grow_v mouldy_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o become_v soft_a aug._n 5._o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n they_o become_v red_a soft_a and_o moist_a in_o common_a air_n black_a and_o mouldy_a yet_o firm_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o be_v near_o a_o dissolution_n august_n 7._o they_o become_v soft_a in_o common_a air._n august_n 8._o they_o become_v red_a instead_o of_o black_a artificial_a air_n seem_v to_o promote_v alteration_n experiment_n xi_o sept._n 24._o receiver_n peach_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n five_o peach_n be_v close_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o artificial_a air_n of_o grape_n together_o with_o common_a air._n sept._n 25_o the_o mercury_n be_v 21_o inch_n high_a sept._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 27_o it_o rise_v to_o 31_o sept._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 39_o sept._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 42_o sept._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o oct._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n oct._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n the_o peach_n be_v wet_a oct._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o oct._n 11_o a_o little_a high_o oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v to_o 95_o oct._n 25_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o very_o cold._a the_o cold_a abate_n it_o ascend_v oct._n 27_o oct._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o ●_o ●_o nou._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 59_o very_o cold._a nou._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o a_o thaw_v nou._n 7_o a_o little_a high_o nou._n 9_o at_o the_o same_o height_n nou._n 9_o in_o a_o month_n it_o gradual_o ascend_v to_o 8_o inch_n april_n 1_o it_o be_v 96._o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_a as_o the_o air_n break_v out_o it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n their_o taste_n and_o colour_n be_v good_a the_o consistence_n of_o they_o be_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v boil_v and_o in_o three_o hour_n time_n they_o be_v rot_a body_n corrupt_v less_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o factitious_a and_o common_a air_n than_o in_o the_o latter_a itself_o experiment_n xii_o august_n 4._o receiver_n pear_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n four_o piece_n of_o pear_n be_v close_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o this_o fruit_n be_v equal_o alter_v as_o of_o other_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o august_n 7._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a the_o alteration_n in_o the_o pear_n be_v small_a august_n 8._o they_o be_v very_o little_o alter_v the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v 4_o inch_n august_n 9_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 6_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o the_o pear_n grow_v soft_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 21_o aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o aug._n 17_o air_n get_v out_o aug._n 8_o the_o air_n be_v get_v out_o and_o the_o fruit_n take_v out_o it_o be_v rot_v august_n 4._o other_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o as_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o sustain_v 23_o digit_n of_o mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o they_o be_v a_o little_a alter_v august_n 7._o they_o be_v almost_o all_o rot_a the_o mercury_n neither_o subside_v nor_o ascend_v august_n 8._o they_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v august_n 10._o they_o gradual_o become_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 40_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 51_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 67_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 73_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o it_o descend_v though_o no_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o august_n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v 67_o digit_n high_a no_o air_n get_v out_o august_n 18._o the_o mercury_n subside_v not_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v acid_n and_o their_o substance_n very_o soft_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n likewise_o smell_v very_o sharp_a august_n 4._o 77._o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o they_o alter_v their_o colour_n august_n 7._o a_o piece_n of_o a_o pear_n become_v soft_a and_o another_o in_o artificial_a air_n be_v putrid_a the_o day_n before_o august_n 8._o they_o be_v all_o soft_a and_o one_o be_v mouldy_a august_n 9_o their_o rottenness_n gradual_o increase_v august_n 11._o they_o be_v altogether_o rot_a and_o mucid_a from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o former_a it_o appear_v that_o rottenness_n be_v equal_o promote_v in_o include_v and_o open_a air_n though_o much_o fast_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o latter_a august_n 4._o 77._o several_a piece_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la august_n 6_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v 5_o digit_n aug._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 8_o aug._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 12_o aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 14_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 25_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 28_o august_n 20._o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o change_v till_o to_o day_n when_o be_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n august_n 26._o all_o thing_n remain_v as_o before_o from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o apt_a artificial_a air_n be_v to_o soften_v fruit._n experiment_n xiii_o august_n 21._o 77._o receiver_n apricock_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n six_o apricock_n be_v divide_v into_o quarter_n one_o piece_n of_o each_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 22._o they_o seem_v riper_n august_n 23._o one_o piece_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n acquire_v mouldiness_n the_o other_o beginning_n to_o putrify_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a august_n 24._o those_o next_o the_o water_n be_v not_o only_o mouldy_a but_o all_o rot_a august_n 25._o putrefaction_n gradual_o become_v great_a the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 7_o inch_n aug._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 15_o aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 33_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o †_o a_o little_a sept._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 41_o sept._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 43_o sept._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o sept._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 22._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n vary_v little_a the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v octob._n 1_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n which_o remain_v undissolve_v be_v subacid_a and_o grateful_a the_o mercury_n then_o stand_v about_o 46_o inch_n high_a august_n 21._o 77._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v place_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o outward_a air_n august_n 22._o they_o become_v as_o flaccid_a as_o if_o they_o be_v wither_v august_n 23._o many_o be_v rot_a and_o mouldy_a august_n 24._o they_o be_v whole_o putrify_v august_n 21._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o apricock_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o artificial_a air_n from_o pear_n add_v as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 20_o inch_n august_n 22._o the_o mercury_n stand_v still_o but_o become_v riper_n than_o those_o in_o open_a air._n august_n 23._o the_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o in_o common_a air._n august_n 24._o they_o be_v unaltered_a august_n 25._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n but_o the_o quantity_n be_v not_o discernible_a august_n 26._o they_o undergo_v no_o considerable_a change_n august_n 28._o they_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o little_a moist_a yet_o the_o alteration_n they_o undergo_v be_v not_o

be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 20_o ounce_n of_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v ill_a before_o i_o have_v set_v the_o screw_n but_o as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o digit_n she_o seem_v to_o recover_v but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n she_o begin_v to_o be_v ill_o again_o yet_o so_o much_o air_n be_v thrust_v in_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 45_o digit_n she_o recover_v a_o second_o time_n but_o some_o time_n after_o she_o begin_v to_o gasp_v again_o nevertheless_o 28_o minute_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v she_o get_v out_o and_o be_v very_o well_o experiment_n vii_o jan._n 20._o 1678._o wind-gun_n a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o a_o wind-gun_n a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o my_o wind-gun_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o condense_v that_o it_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o upon_o a_o discharge_v of_o that_o air_n the_o elliptic_a hole_n be_v open_v the_o mouse_n be_v take_v out_o dead_a another_o mouse_n be_v put_v in_o and_o the_o air_n compress_v to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o its_o space_n it_o be_v take_v out_o well_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o air_n 7_o or_o 8_o time_n condense_v by_o which_o the_o mouse_n seem_v not_o the_o least_o prejudice_v the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o air_n be_v 7_o time_n compress_v when_o the_o mouse_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o 24_o minute_n upon_o a_o discharge_v of_o the_o air_n after_o repeat_v groan_n die_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o compress_v air_n be_v noxious_a yea_o mortiferous_a experiment_n xviii_o jan._n 28._o 78._o air._n a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o compress_v air._n i_o put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o a_o glass_n to_o who_o neck_n i_o tie_v a_o bladder_n stop_v the_o orifice_n which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o mouse_n begin_v to_o be_v sick_a by_o press_v new_a air_n into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bladder_n be_v straighten_a and_o though_o new_a air_n can_v not_o penetrate_v into_o the_o mouse_n yet_o the_o air_n it_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o be_v compress_v it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o be_v take_v out_o in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v another_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o it_o can_v scarce_o breathe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v its_o respiration_n seem_v abate_v upon_o which_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o mouse_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o can_v not_o breath_n much_o more_o free_o yet_o when_o air_n be_v blow_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o seem_v relieve_v but_o be_v again_o shut_v up_o with_o compress_v air_n it_o breathe_v less_o frequent_o and_o die_v march_n 25._o a_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o instrument_n before_o describe_v when_o i_o perceive_v the_o mouse_n sick_a i_o intrude_v water_n into_o the_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v reduce_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o upon_o which_o the_o mouse_n breathe_v more_o rare_o but_o the_o air_n be_v successive_o compress_v and_o leave_v to_o its_o liberty_n again_o the_o sick_a mouse_n seem_v to_o breathe_v more_o lively_a in_o the_o common_a air_n than_o in_o the_o compress_v whence_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o air_n be_v to_o animal_n as_o food_n which_o ought_v to_o bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o animal_n in_o confirmation_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shut_v up_o a_o mouse_n in_o my_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o rarify_v the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o it_o possess_v three_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o upon_o which_o the_o mouse_n seem_v better_a but_o present_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a yet_o undergo_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n upon_o a_o intromission_n of_o air_n the_o like_a success_n happen_v three_o time_n successive_o though_o at_o the_o last_o the_o mouse_n die_v article_n v._o the_o effect_n of_o artificial_a air_n upon_o animal_n experiment_n i._n may_v 5._o 77._o a_o bee_n air._n a_o bee_n in_o artificial_a air._n together_o with_o distil_a vinegar_n and_o powder_n of_o coral_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n i_o so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaustod_a the_o coral_n fall_v into_o the_o vinegar_n but_o the_o air_n produce_v have_v no_o effect_n on_o the_o bee_n yet_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o begin_v to_o move_v whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o animal_n to_o live_v in_o experiment_n ii_o august_n 12._o 76._o two_o fly_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n air._n fly_n in_o artificial_a air._n with_o as_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o goosberry_n as_o sustain_v 26_o inch_n of_o mercury_n and_o two_o other_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la add_v common_a air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 23_o digit_n of_o mercury_n upon_o which_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o latter_a begin_v to_o fly_v but_o those_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n lie_v without_o motion_n aug._n 13._o those_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n seem_v dead_a the_o other_o be_v well_o nor_o do_v the_o former_a recover_v though_o expose_v to_o common_a air_n a_o whole_a day_n aug._n 18._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n this_o experiment_n be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o artificial_a air_n be_v noxious_a to_o respiration_n experiment_n iii_o june_n 22._o 77._o paste_n be_v contain_v in_o 3_o exhaust_a receiver_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o 3_o receiver_n june_n 23._o into_o one_o i_o put_v a_o perfume_a cone_n kindle_v which_o be_v extinguish_v in_o a_o minute_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v stop_v yet_o in_o common_a air_n it_o burn_v bright_a for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v stop_v another_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o fly_n i_o observe_v that_o though_o when_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o artificial_a air_n for_o some_o time_n it_o seem_v dead_a till_o revive_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n yet_o another_o shut_v up_o in_o common_a air_n receive_v no_o damage_n the_o like_a success_n follow_v when_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n save_v that_o the_o fee_fw-mi be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o artificial_a air_n be_v something_o long_o before_o she_o recover_v from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o fire_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n experiment_n iu._n jun._n 25._o 77._o have_v enclose_v paste_n in_o four_o receiver_n two_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o two_o but_o half_o evacuate_v june_n 26._o those_o which_o be_v half_o full_a of_o common_a air_n be_v fill_v with_o artificial_a i_o put_v two_o fly_n into_o one_o of_o they_o which_o be_v deprive_v of_o motion_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n a_o three_o and_o then_o a_o four_o successive_o be_v put_v in_o they_o continue_v to_o live_v long_o yet_o after_o some_o convulsion_n lay_v unmoved_a and_o supine_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o common_a air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o come_v to_o themselves_o those_o fly_n that_o be_v put_v into_o receiver_n which_o only_o contain_v common_a air_n be_v well_o soon_o june_n 27._o one_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v whole_o exhaust_v of_o common_a air_n be_v casual_o throw_v down_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o external_a air_n a_o frog_n be_v be_v put_v in_o be_v not_o much_o disaffect_v june_n 30._o the_o four_o receiver_n be_v force_v away_o from_o its_o cover_n i_o put_v a_o frog_n into_o it_o which_o after_o five_o minute_n high_a convulsion_n lay_v without_o motion_n four_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n continue_v so_o 46_o minute_n but_o in_o five_o minute_n more_o grow_v very_o well_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o artificial_a air_n be_v mix_v with_o common_a air_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o prejadicial_a to_o animal_n experiment_n v._n june_n 28._o i_o enclose_v paste_n in_o four_o receiver_n air._n a_o frog_n in_o artificiab_n air._n 3_o of_o which_o be_v whole_o exhaust_v of_o common_a air_n but_o the_o four_o be_v leave_v half_a full_a june_n 29._o one_o of_o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o artificial_a air_n and_o a_o frog_n put_v into_o it_o after_o it_o have_v be_v violent_o convulsive_a for_o 4_o or_o 5_o minute_n and_o lay_v void_a of_o motion_n for_o about_o a_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n in_o about_o 5_o minute_n begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v well_o again_o in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o frog_n be_v put_v into_o another_o receiver_n with_o artificial_a air_n be_v convulsive_a for_o about_o 7_o minute_n and_o

then_o lay_v void_a of_o motion_n for_o about_o a_o minute_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n it_o begin_v to_o struggle_v and_o move_v after_o which_o motion_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o relic_n of_o its_o convulsion_n it_o lay_v for_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n void_a of_o motion_n again_o yet_o at_o the_o last_o it_o recover_v a_o second_o time_n a_o frog_n be_v cast_v into_o that_o receiver_n which_o be_v but_o half_o exhaust_v for_o ten_o minute_n seem_v convulsive_a and_o then_o lie_v still_o for_o about_o a_o minute_n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v within_o half_a a_o hour_n recover_v power_n to_o move_v again_o but_o in_o the_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v before_o the_o frog_n be_v cast_v in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o some_o of_o the_o common_a air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o a_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air._n july_n 1_o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v alive_a in_o the_o afternoon_n dead_a it_o live_v near_o 48_o hour_n june_n 30._o a_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o artificial_a air_n whole_o after_o 7_o minute_n convulsion_n die_v nor_o do_v it_o recover_v though_o take_v out_o 2_o minute_n after_o july_n 1_o it_o do_v not_o recover_v hence_o it_o appear_v further_o that_o artificial_a air_n be_v most_o detrimental_a when_o least_o common_a air_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o experiment_n vi._n june_n 30._o receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n paste_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o exhaust_a receiver_n july_n 4._o some_o little_a air_n have_v get_v into_o one_o receiver_n i_o put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o it_o who_o after_o vehement_a convulsion_n die_v in_o a_o minute_n a_o snail_n be_v put_v into_o the_o other_o receiver_n continue_v to_o move_v vehement_o for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n after_o which_o time_n its_o motion_n gradual_o decline_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o seem_v dead_a but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v well_o again_o fly_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o another_o receiver_n be_v not_o at_o all_o prejudice_v too_o much_o external_n air_n have_v get_v in_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v prejudicial_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o venomous_a quality_n and_o not_o only_o by_o defect_n of_o common_a air_n since_o snail_n live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o vacuo_fw-la see_v art_n vi_o exp._n iii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 5._o 77._o air._n a_o frog_n in_o artificial_a and_o common_a air._n have_v transmit_v artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n out_o of_o one_o receiver_n into_o another_o full_a of_o common_a air_n in_o which_o a_o frog_n be_v contain_v so_o much_o water_n flow_v out_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o artificial_a air._n upon_o which_o the_o frog_n be_v convulsive_a for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n lay_v still_o yet_o soon_o recover_v again_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n this_o experiment_n seem_v to_o prove_v that_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n be_v less_o pernicious_a than_o that_o of_o paste_n see_v exp._n v._n experiment_n viii_o july_n 9_o 77._o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o three_o empty_a receiver_n july_n 20._o so_o much_o air_n be_v produce_v as_o separate_v the_o cover_n from_o the_o receiver_n two_o fly_n be_v cast_v successive_o in_o present_o die_v a_o three_o seem_v convulsive_a a_o four_o in_o less_o than_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n lie_v without_o motion_n the_o receiver_n be_v clear_v of_o the_o artificial_a air_n it_o grow_v well_o july_n 24._o a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v shut_v with_o air_n from_o goosberry_n die_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n hence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o air_n produce_v from_o fruit_n be_v less_o prejudicial_a than_o air_n obtain_v from_o mineral_n for_o july_n 20_o a_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o air_n produce_v from_o gunpowder_n die_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n experiment_n ix_o july_n 5._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la paste_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pass_v be_v contain_v in_o four_o exhaust_a receiver_n july_n 6._o one_o be_v force_v from_o its_o cover_n some_o common_a air_n get_v in_o before_o it_o can_v be_v stop_v a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v put_v in_o be_v convulsive_a a_o minute_n and_o ½_n and_o then_o remain_v moveless_a be_v take_v out_o after_o some_o convulsive_a motion_n died._n july_n 7._o a_o bird_n shut_v up_o as_o the_o mouse_n be_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n die_v a_o bird_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v shut_v 4_o minute_n with_o common_a air_n be_v very_o well_o july_n 9_o the_o same_o bird_n which_o continue_v well_o in_o the_o common_a air_n die_v when_o enclose_v with_o artificial_a air_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n a_o adder_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o artificial_a air_n in_o 2_o minute_n begin_v to_o be_v ill_o and_o in_o 24_o minute_n be_v deprive_v of_o motion_n and_o though_o 6_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o recover_v not_o july_n 10._o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o recovery_n experiment_n x._o july_n 12._o 78._o air._n a_o bird_n in_o artificial_a air._n a_o bird_n shut_v up_o with_o air_n from_o raisin_n die_v in_o ¼_n of_o a_o minute_n july_n 18._o a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o air_n after_o 2_o minute_n seem_v ill_a and_o void_a of_o motion_n yet_o in_o 2_o or_o 3_o minute_n be_v well_o again_o experiment_n xi_o octob._n 1._o 78_o receiver_n a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o a_o receiver_n a_o shrew-mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o a_o hour_n in_o common_a air_n can_v scarce_o breath_n another_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o the_o stopple_n be_v clap_v on_o again_o some_o fresh_a air_n break_v in_o by_o which_o the_o first_o mouse_n be_v refresh_v yet_o about_o a_o hour_n after_o both_o die_v about_o 4_o after_o noon_n another_o mouse_n be_v clap_v in_o very_o cautious_o die_v in_o 3_o minute_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o air_n be_v not_o long_o fit_a for_o respiration_n experiment_n xii_o april_n 28._o air._n a_o snail_n in_o artificial_a air._n a_o snail_n be_v enclose_v with_o air_n from_o paste_n froathe_v and_o contract_v and_o expanded_a successive_o till_o in_o 4_o minute_n it_o become_v void_a of_o motion_n at_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n end_n be_v take_v out_o it_o be_v void_a of_o motion_n yet_o be_v prick_v with_o a_o pin_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n after_o move_v a_o little_a a_o snail_n be_v shut_v up_o when_o that_o air_n be_v blow_v out_o be_v not_o ill_a at_o all_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o artificial_a air_n be_v more_o prejudicial_a to_o animal_n than_o a_o vacuum_n experiment_n xiii_o jun._n 22._o 78._o receiver_n green_a pease_n in_o a_o receiver_n in_o a_o day_n time_n green_a pease_n yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 10_o digit_n of_o mercury_n jun._n 23._o the_o mercury_n be_v 30_o digit_n high_a jun._n 24._o it_o rise_v no_o high_o the_o cover_n and_o the_o receiver_n stick_v not_o together_o yet_o no_o air_n get_v out_o jun._n 26._o the_o same_o pease_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o same_o empty_a receiver_n jun._n 29._o a_o snail_n be_v throw_v in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o factitious_a air_n it_o froth_v and_o frequent_o contract_v and_o expanded_a but_o after_o six_o minute_n lay_v still_o 2_o or_o 3._o be_v take_v out_o it_o move_v a_o little_a whence_o we_o gather_v that_o factitious_a air_n of_o pease_n be_v not_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o snail_n as_o that_o of_o paste_n see_v experiment_n xii_o xi_o the_o factitious_a air_n be_v blow_v out_o a_o snail_n do_v very_o well_o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o pease_n soon_o yield_v air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la than_o in_o compress_v air._n article_n vi_o animal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n i._n jun._n 22._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la a_o butterf_o in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o butterfly_n move_v 3_o hour_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o recover_v its_o motion_n when_o lose_v upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air._n be_v hang_v by_o a_o thread_n tie_v to_o one_o of_o her_o horn_n it_o be_v move_v from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n to_o the_o other_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o wing_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o move_v the_o thread_n from_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n experiment_n ii_o july_n 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la two_o fly_n in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o fly_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o sustain_v 10_o inch_n of_o mercury_n the_o big_a seem_v present_o dead_a though_o the_o other_o live_v 24_o hour_n when_o both_o fly_n lay_v as_o dead_a

vacuo_fw-la hartshorn_n in_o vacuo_fw-la hartshorn_n burn_v in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v some_o air._n june_n 17._o air_n produce_v by_o burn_a hartshorn_n be_v soon_o destroy_v but_o if_o it_o last_v a_o hour_n undiminish_a it_o usual_o continue_v a_o considerable_a time_n june_n 19_o hartshorn_n take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n yield_v a_o fetid_v oil_n but_o no_o volatile_a spirit_n experiment_n iii_o june_n 21._o vacuo_fw-la amber_n in_o vacuo_fw-la amber_n be_v burn_v in_o a_o receiver_n ascend_v in_o fume_n up_o to_o the_o top_n and_o thence_o reflect_v downward_o but_o burn_v in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o rise_v not_o above_o a_o digit_fw-la at_o the_o first_o but_o afterward_o it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o its_o height_n june_n 22._o water_n in_o which_o the_o receiver_n be_v immerse_v get_v into_o the_o receiver_n july_n 8._o no_o more_o water_n get_v in_o nor_o do_v the_o amber_n produce_v the_o least_o air._n experiment_n iu._n jan._n 18._o 77_o receiver_n camphire_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n two_o drachm_n of_o camphire_n be_v put_v in_o a_o empty_a receiver_n upon_o a_o digest_v furnace_n jan._n 19_o it_o be_v sublime_v into_o flower_n no_o air_n be_v produce_v experiment_n v._n may_v 24._o 76._o receiver_n sulphur_n viu._n melt_v in_o a_o receiver_n sulphur_n viu._n be_v melt_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n yield_v not_o air._n experiment_n vi._n july_n 19_o paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n and_o burn_v afford_v so_o much_o air_n that_o the_o cover_v which_o before_o can_v not_o be_v move_v without_o difficulty_n easy_o part_v from_o the_o receiver_n article_n ix_o concern_v the_o production_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n i._n sept._n 9_o 76._o vacuo_fw-la dry_a grape_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o exhaust_v receiver_n be_v half_o full_a of_o dry_a grape_n sept._n 10_o it_o ascend_v ½_n sept._n 12_o it_o ascend_v ½_n sept._n 14_o it_o ascend_v ⅜_n sept._n 17_o it_o ascend_v ⅜_n sept._n 22_o the_o ascent_n be_v ⅝_n sept._n 27_o the_o ascent_n be_v ⅝_n the_o height_n be_v 3_o digit_n octob._n 11._o the_o mercury_n be_v 6_o digit_n high_a sept._n 9_o 76._o a_o receiver_n be_v half_o full_a of_o dry_a fig_n the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o till_o it_o stand_v at_o 3_o inch_n sept._n 10._o no_o air_n produce_v sept._n 17._o no_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o regularity_n in_o the_o production_n of_o air_n from_o dry_a fruit_n experiment_n ii_o august_n 5._o 76._o apricock_n pear_n and_o apricock_n pear_n and_o apricock_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 6._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n in_o ten_o hour_n more_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n aug._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 5_o aug._n 8_o the_o height_n be_v 6_o ½_n aug._n 9_o in_o 14_o hour_n it_o be_v 7_o ¼_n inc._n hic_fw-mi aug._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 8_o ¾_n aug._n 11_o the_o height_n be_v 10_o ¾_n aug._n 12_o the_o height_n be_v 12_o ¼_n aug._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 14_o ¼_n aug._n 14_o the_o height_n be_v 16_o aug._n 15_o the_o height_n be_v 18_o aug._n 16_o the_o height_n be_v 20_o aug._n 18_o the_o height_n be_v 25_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 29_o aug._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 31_o ½_n aug._n 21_o the_o height_n be_v 32_o ½_n aug._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 34_o aug._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 35_o aug._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 38_o ½_n aug._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 41_o sept._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 42_o ½_n sept._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o sept._n 7._o the_o three_o last_o day_n be_v hot_a it_o be_v raise_v to_o 46_o ¼_n sept._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 47_o ½_n sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o sept._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 48_o sept._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 50_o ½_n nou._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o ⅓_n nou._n 28._o the_o apricock_n be_v reduce_v to_o water_n the_o skin_n be_v sever_v from_o the_o pulp_n no_o more_o air_n be_v produce_v jan._n 10._o 77._o it_o be_v a_o hard_a frost_n at_o which_o time_n the_o mercury_n come_v to_o 57_o inch_n upon_o a_o thaw_v it_o be_v depress_v to_o 23._o march_v 3_o the_o apricock_n be_v putrify_v and_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o apricock_n afford_v air_n almost_o as_o fast_o in_o their_o wont_a pressure_n as_o in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n iii_o june_n 20._o 76._o cherry_n sour_a cherry_n sour_a cherry_n whole_a be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n and_o other_o cut_v into_o another_o the_o whole_a one_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o two_o hour_n 10_o line_n the_o dissect_a one_o 20._o june_n 21._o the_o whole_a one_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 3_o inehe_n the_o other_o gage_n be_v spoil_v june_n 26._o the_o whole_a one_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 15_o digit_n the_o other_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o air._n july_n 9_o the_o receiver_n be_v remove_v from_o its_o cover_n i_o eat_v a_o cherry_n which_o be_v well_o taste_v the_o rest_n be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o some_o of_o they_o break_v in_o a_o hour_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 2_o digit_fw-la july_n 10._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o because_o the_o gage_n be_v spoil_v july_n 15._o the_o cover_n be_v sever_v from_o its_o receiver_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o dissect_a fruit_n produce_v air_n soon_o than_o whole_a one_o experiment_n iu._n june_n 9_o 77._o vacuo_fw-la cherry_n in_o vacuo_fw-la cherry_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o digit_fw-la of_o mercury_n in_o a_o hour_n jun._n 10._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v in_o 18_o hour_n to_o the_o height_n of_o 11_o digit_n june_n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 15_o june_n 12_o it_o rise_v to_o 15_o †_o june_n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 22_o june_n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o june_n 18_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v fruit_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o france_n fill_v their_o receiver_n in_o 2_o day_n and_o probable_o there_o may_v be_v the_o like_a difference_n in_o other_o fruit_n in_o several_a country_n experiment_n v._n june_n 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la cabbage_n in_o vacuo_fw-la cabbage_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n raise_v the_o mercury_n a_o line_n june_n 13._o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 10_o digit_n june_n 17._o it_o be_v raise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o gage_n the_o cabbage_n be_v very_o little_o alter_v june_n 19_o have_v be_v 2_o day_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v corrupt_v and_o blackish_a be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o raise_v the_o mercury_n ½_n a_o inch._n june_n 22._o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 1_o ½_n june_n 23._o no_o more_o air_n be_v produce_v the_o cabbage_n be_v take_v out_o it_o stink_v much_o so_o that_o i_o suspect_v that_o body_n have_v afford_v as_o much_o air_n as_o they_o can_v before_o they_o putrify_v experiment_n vi._n may_v 29._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la orange_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v shut_v up_o two_o piece_n of_o orange_n which_o weigh_v 4_o ounce_n in_o 2_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n june_n 10._o they_o remove_v the_o receiver_n from_o its_o cover_n upon_o which_o i_o shut_v they_o up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n capable_a of_o contain_v 8_o ounce_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v ½_n of_o a_o digit_fw-la june_n 13._o it_o be_v almost_o 2_o digit_n high_a june_n 16._o it_o ascend_v about_o 3_o line_n june_n 21_o it_o ascend_v not_o one_o line_n july_n 18._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o but_o some_o mouldiness_n appear_v experiment_n vii_o april_n 27._o 76_o vacuo_fw-la a_o tulip_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o tulip_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 2_o digit_n may_v 2._o that_o which_o before_o be_v stripe_v put_v on_o a_o dark_a red_a and_o become_v moist_a it_o afford_v but_o little_a air._n experiment_n viii_o april_n 22._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la a_o limon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o limon_n shut_v up_o with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n 3_o digit_n long_o april_n 24_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n digit_n high_a april_n 25_o it_o be_v 2_o digit_n high_a april_n 26_o it_o be_v 4_o line_n high_o apr._n 27_o it_o rise_v 1_o line_n apr._n 28_o it_o rise_v 1_o line_n apr._n 29_o may_n 3_o in_o four_o day_n it_o ascend_v a_o little_a above_o a_o line_n may_v 3._o 77._o the_o limon_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o gage_n jan._n 1._o 17._o the_o limon_n have_v contract_v a_o yellowness_n and_o moisture_n experiment_n ix_o march_n 16._o 67._o vacuo_fw-la a_o apple_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o apple_n which_o begin_v

high_a nou._n 28._o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a the_o kernel_n have_v neither_o lose_v their_o colour_n nor_o taste_n so_o that_o air_n may_v be_v procure_v from_o fruit_n of_o a_o hard_a consistence_n without_o putrefaction_n article_n x._o concern_v the_o production_n of_o air_n above_o its_o wont_a pressure_n experiment_n i._n jun._n 22._o raisin_n pease_n with_o a_o glass_n full_a of_o raisin_n new_a pease_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o glass_n full_a of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n bruise_v and_o mix_v with_o water_n towards_o evening_n the_o raisin_n yield_v air_n enough_o to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 12_o digit_n jun._n 23_o it_o be_v 49_o digit_n high_a jun._n 24_o it_o be_v 75_o digit_n high_a jun._n 25_o it_o be_v 90_o digit_n high_a jun._n 26_o it_o be_v 90_o digit_n high_a jun._n 28_o it_o be_v 100_o digit_n high_a the_o pease_n turn_v yellow_a and_o seem_v to_o sweat_n jun._n 30_o it_o be_v 110_o july_n 1_o it_o be_v 110_o july_n 4_o it_o be_v 124_o july_n 7_o it_o be_v 140_o july_n 16._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o the_o liquor_n which_o come_v from_o the_o pease_n get_v out_o july_n 12._o new_a liquor_n be_v produce_v the_o mercury_n neither_o rose_n nor_o fall_v july_n 13._o the_o liquor_n get_v out_o and_o some_o air_n but_o the_o cover_v be_v better_o adapt_v new_a liquor_n be_v produce_v july_n 25._o the_o receiver_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n the_o pease_n keep_v their_o taste_n and_o part_v from_o their_o husk_n as_o if_o they_o have_v begin_v to_o boil_v experiment_n ii_o sept._n 15.76_o air._n unripe_a plum_n in_o compress_v air._n unripe_a plum_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o sustain_v a_o inch_n of_o mercury_n sept._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 6_o sept._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 8_o sept._n 18_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o sept._n 19_o it_o rise_v to_o 12_o sept._n 20_o it_o rise_v to_o 14_o sept._n 22_o it_o rise_v to_o 18_o sept._n 23_o it_o rise_v to_o 18_o sept._n 24_o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o sept._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 26_o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v 30_o octob._n 4_o it_o be_v 31_o it_o be_v somewhat_o cold._a octob._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 32_o octob._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 33_o octob._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 33_o ½_n octob._n 11_o octob._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 27_o octob._n 15_o the_o cold_a abate_v octob._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o octob._n 19_o it_o rise_v to_o 39_o ½_n octob._n 22_o it_o rise_v to_o 41_o octob._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 43_o octob._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o nou._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o nou._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 47_o nou._n 20_o it_o rise_v to_o 53_o the_o production_n of_o air_n be_v in_o this_o experiment_n sometime_o regular_a and_o sometime_o irregular_a experiment_n iii_o july_n 6._o 76._o air._n goosberry_n in_o compress_v air._n goosberry_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n ½_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o in_o 7_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v to_o 5_o inch_n july_n 7_o it_o rise_v 5_o july_n 8_o it_o rise_v 3_o ½_n july_n 9_o it_o rise_v 3_o ¾_n july_n 10_o it_o rise_v 4_o ¾_n digit_n high_a july_n 11_o it_o rise_v 4_o digit_n high_a july_n 12_o it_o rise_v 4_o digit_n high_a july_n 13._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o another_o substitute_v in_o its_o place_n july_n 14_o 15_o 16_o 17_o 18._o there_o be_v no_o change_n the_o fruit_n be_v take_v out_o part_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o rest_n with_o common_a air._n in_o four_o hour_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 4_o digit_n july_n 19_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v ½_n in_o 14_o hour_n but_o because_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o air_n get_v out_o i_o set_v the_o screw_n and_o in_o 9_o hour_n the_o mercury_n rise_v 11_o inch_n the_o cover_v break_v and_o the_o air_n be_v lose_v hence_o it_o appear_v that_o unferment_v goosberry_n contain_v much_o air_n which_o they_o more_o ready_o afford_v when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o though_o when_o ferment_v they_o yield_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o in_o compress_v air._n experiment_n iu._n july_n 8._o 76._o air._n paste_n in_o compress_v air._n swell_a paste_n be_v include_v with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o lose_v a_o three_o part_n of_o its_o humidity_n soon_o after_o it_o swell_v again_o and_o in_o half_a a_o hour_n raise_v the_o mercury_n two_o digit_n the_o paste_n continue_v to_o swell_v and_o the_o mercury_n in_o a_o hour_n be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n in_o a_o hour_n more_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o ½_n and_o in_o another_o 4_o ½_n it_o stay_v at_o 16_o digit_n july_n 9_o in_o 14_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 21_o inch_n high_a and_o stand_v at_o 37._o the_o screw_n be_v set_v to_o prevent_v air_n from_o get_v out_o the_o cover_v break_v and_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n the_o paste_n subside_v 2_o digit_n though_o the_o compression_n be_v less_o than_o before_o in_o 5_o hour_n space_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 13_o digit_n but_o the_o screw_n be_v set_v the_o cover_v break_v again_o so_o that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o and_o depress_v the_o paste_n again_o in_o 4_o hour_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 10_o digit_n and_o the_o paste_n rise_v as_o before_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v use_n of_o another_o screw_n i_o permit_v a_o little_a air_n to_o get_v out_o july_n 10._o the_o paste_n rise_v again_o this_o night_n but_o yield_v not_o air._n in_o 7_o hour_n time_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n july_n 13_o a_o little_a air_n be_v produce_v july_n 17._o the_o paste_n be_v take_v out_o be_v subacid_a in_o smell_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o paste_n may_v yield_v air_n in_o compress_v air_n as_o well_o as_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o rise_n of_o the_o paste_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o paste_n which_o be_v depress_v and_o overpower_a by_o the_o external_n air_n when_o it_o be_v let_v in_o experiment_n v._n july_n 13._o 76._o receiver_n bean_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la those_o that_o be_v bruise_v seem_v to_o swell_v those_o which_o be_v whole_a seem_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n july_n 14_o rose_n 7_o july_n 15_o rose_n 5_o july_n 16_o rose_n 3_o july_n 17_o rose_n 6_o july_n 18_o rose_n 9_o july_n 19_o rose_n 1_o july_n 20_o rose_n 3_o ½_n july_n 21_o it_o rise_v 5_o ½_n it_o rise_v 2_o july_n 22_o it_o rise_v 78_o july_n 23_o it_o rise_v 5_o i_o e._n 35_o july_n 24_o it_o rise_v above_o the_o wont_a pressure_n july_n 25_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v a_o great_a pressure_n the_o bean_n be_v very_o fetid_v like_o putrified_a flesh_n bean_n yield_v air_n in_o a_o moderate_a pressure_n as_o well_o as_o in_o vacuo_fw-la sometime_o soon_o and_o sometime_o slow_a experiment_n vi._n july_n 23._o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n in_o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o 2_o hour_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 1_o inch._n july_n 24_o it_o ascend_v to_o 7_o ½_n july_n 25_o it_o ascend_v to_o 12_o july_n 26_o it_o ascend_v to_o 17_o july_n 27_o it_o ascend_v to_o 20_o july_n 28_o it_o ascend_v to_o 24_o ½_n july_n 29_o it_o ascend_v to_o 30_o july_n 30_o it_o ascend_v to_o 31_o almost_o some_o air_n be_v transmit_v out_o of_o this_o into_o another_o receiver_n it_o stand_v at_o 26._o july_n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 35._o august_n 1_o some_o air_n get_v out_o and_o whilst_o i_o endeavour_v to_o stop_v the_o receiver_n close_o the_o mercury_n that_o be_v raise_v to_o 39_o inch_n subside_v to_o 30_o inch_n aug._n 2_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 39_o some_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 31._o aug._n 3_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 39_o aug._n 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 41_o aug._n 5_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 43._o air_n transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 30_o aug._n 6_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 43_o aug._n 7_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 47_o aug._n 8_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 48._o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 36._o aug._n 9_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 41._o aug._n 10_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 47._o air_n be_v transmitmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 35._o aug._n 11_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 38_o ½_n aug._n 12_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 42_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o the_o mercury_n be_v

26_o inch_n high_a aug._n 13_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 33_o aug._n 14_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 36_o aug._n 15_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 39_o aug._n 16_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 41_o ½_n aug._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o aug._n 11_o the_o height_n be_v 47_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 50_o the_o air_n be_v transmit_v and_o the_o goosberry_n take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o acidity_n they_o produce_v air_n very_o regular_o except_o a_o little_a fast_o when_o some_o part_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o experiment_n vii_o sept._n 12._o grape_n crude_a grape_n crude_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o digit_n sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 5_o sept._n 14_o the_o height_n be_v 10_o sept._n 16_o the_o height_n be_v 17_o sept._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 19_o sept._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 23_o sept._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 25_o sept._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 30_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o screw_n sept._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 3_o ½_n sept._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 32_o sept._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 34_o ½_n sept._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n sept._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n oct._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 40_o ½_n oct._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 41_o ½_n oct._n 8_o the_o height_n be_v 42_o ½_n oct._n 15_o the_o height_n be_v 46_o nou._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 54_o nou._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 58_o jan._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o gage_n when_o the_o frost_n be_v most_o severe_a though_o the_o grape_n and_o their_o juice_n be_v freeze_v sept._n 21._o the_o grape_n be_v little_o alter_v and_o the_o mercury_n not_o much_o high_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o grape_n though_o more_o pungent_a have_v not_o lose_v their_o taste_n but_o their_o juice_n preserve_v its_o red_a colour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o grape_n yield_v not_o all_o their_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n experiment_n viii_o august_n 10._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la pear_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pear_n cut_v in_o two_o be_v include_v in_o a_o vacuum_n about_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 10_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 55_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 60_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 68_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o subside_v to_o 53_o ½_n aug._n 18_o the_o height_n be_v 61_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 64_o aug._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o aug._n 21_o the_o height_n be_v 72_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 61._o aug._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 74_o aug._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 79_o aug._n 25_o the_o height_n be_v 81_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 61._o aug._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 56_o soem_n get_v out_o be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 52._o aug._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 75_o aug._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 83_o aug._n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 88_o sept._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 93_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n be_v 89_o some_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o no_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 9_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o sept._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 99_o sept._n 11_o sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 105_o oct._n 8_o air_n get_v out_o pear_n yield_v their_o air_n by_o fit_n article_n xi_o various_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n march_n 16._o receiver_n melt_v lead_v in_o a_o receiver_n lead_v be_v melt_v in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n a_o inch_n and_o ½_n in_o diameter_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o before_o the_o lead_v cool_v when_o it_o be_v cool_v the_o surface_n be_v concave_a especial_o in_o the_o middle_a though_o when_o it_o cool_v in_o open_a air_n the_o surface_n be_v general_o convex_a except_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o same_o success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o tin_n neither_o of_o the_o metal_n afford_v bubble_n experiment_n ii_o sept._n 2._o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n sept._n 15._o the_o salt_n be_v not_o christalize_v experiment_n iii_o august_n 8._o 76._o air._n artificial_a air._n artificial_a air_n from_o goosberry_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 1._o 7_o 6_o 7._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n experiment_n iu._n august_n 8._o weigh_v air_n weigh_v a_o phial_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 7_o ounce_n 5_o drachm_n and_o 3_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v the_o air_n exhaust_v be_v poise_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o another_o weight_n upon_o which_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n which_o cover_v it_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o needle_n and_o the_o air_n get_v into_o it_o weigh_v 4_o grain_n &_o ½_n which_o weight_n be_v to_o the_o former_a as_o 1_o to_o 814_o so_o that_o water_n be_v 800_o time_n heavy_a than_o air_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n experiment_n v._n jan._n 16._o 77._o nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_v nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_a nitre_n be_v mix_v in_o a_o receiver_n together_o yield_v much_o air._n march_n 5._o the_o air_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n alter_v but_o nitre_n be_v produce_v in_o vacuo_fw-la from_o the_o mixture_n experiment_n vi._n may_v 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la several_a body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o phial_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o oil_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 120_o inch_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a since_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v let_v out_o the_o surface_n rise_v not_o again_o august_n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o water_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o surface_n though_o the_o heat_n may_v have_v give_v reason_n to_o expect_v some_o change_n jan._n 14._o 78._o a_o glass_n phial_n be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o my_o hand_n cause_v to_o rife_a to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v then_o invert_v into_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o mercury_n and_o my_o hand_n remove_v the_o cold_a spirit_n admit_v 3_o inch_n of_o mercury_n into_o its_o neck_n yet_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v 90_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o condense_v by_o compression_n though_o cold_a have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n on_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o cold_a shall_v have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n in_o condense_a spirit_n and_o why_o it_o can_v be_v condense_v by_o compression_n experiment_n vii_o may_v 12._o 76._o turpentine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n some_o spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o it_o be_v brisk_o move_v about_o till_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o stick_v to_o several_a bubble_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o be_v by_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v except_o 2_o drop_n which_o the_o bubble_n leave_v behind_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v continue_v their_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o be_v whole_o at_o rest_n yet_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n they_o for_o a_o little_a while_n renew_v their_o motion_n again_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n

whole_o free_v from_o air_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o ebullition_n nor_o a_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n yet_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n move_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o open_a air._n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n depend_v not_o in_o a_o dissolution_n in_o vacuo_fw-la since_o all_o dissolution_n be_v company_v with_o a_o production_n of_o bubble_n experiment_n viii_o may_v 19_o 76._o claret_n radish_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o claret_n have_v cut_v two_o radish_n transvers_o and_o suspend_v they_o all_o night_n in_o vacuo_fw-la over_o a_o vessel_n of_o claret_n the_o small_a end_n of_o one_o be_v downward_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o contrary_a posture_n all_o be_v free_v of_o their_o air_n the_o next_o day_n i_o free_v two_o other_o radish_n from_o their_o thick_a skin_n and_o cut_v they_o transvers_o suspend_v they_o over_o the_o wine_n as_o the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o immerse_v they_o all_o in_o the_o wine_n they_o emit_v bubble_n considerable_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v be_v long_a in_o the_o receiver_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v urge_v that_o bubble_n be_v form_v of_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o radish_n yield_v most_o air_n who_o skin_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o be_v because_o those_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o canal_n and_o pore_n to_o contain_v air_n in_o for_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v equal_o in_o all_o the_o radish_n notwithstanding_o their_o posture_n experiment_n ix_o may._n 4._o water_n a_o small_a tube_n immerse_v in_o water_n a_o small_a glass_n tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a by_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o divide_v and_o intercept_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o several_a place_n beside_o several_a bubble_n of_o water_n pass_v out_o at_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v immerse_v one_o end_v of_o this_o tube_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v open_a but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o water_n ascend_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n that_o the_o water_n suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n yield_v no_o bubble_n but_o only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n nor_o do_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n even_o at_o the_o bottom_n yield_v bubble_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o be_v before_o immerse_v in_o may._n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n a_o drop_n which_o run_v over_o the_o superior_a aperture_n of_o the_o receiver_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o be_v raise_v two_o line_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n no_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n till_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o then_o successive_o they_o rise_v one_o after_o another_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n i_o observe_v that_o thou_o whilst_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v several_a bubble_n appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n none_o be_v to_o be_v see_v may_v 6._o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o nephritick_n wood_n in_o which_o the_o success_n be_v alike_o except_o that_o in_o the_o infusion_n when_o the_o bubble_n be_v small_a they_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o thinness_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o viscocity_n may_v 10._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v different_a from_o the_o former_a but_o that_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v not_o so_o high_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o formation_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tube_n depend_v on_o aerial_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o impediment_n at_o their_o end_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o new_a one_o join_v with_o they_o form_n bubble_n experiment_n x._o july_n 18._o 76._o tube_n bean_n with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n 2_o day_n ago_o to_o day_n seem_v unaltered_a but_o the_o stopple_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v pull_v back_o air_n and_o water_n break_v out_o which_o eruption_n be_v succeed_v by_o a_o bubble_a noise_n which_o continue_v above_o a_o hour_n july_n 25._o the_o iron_n tube_n be_v open_v a_o second_o time_n and_o a_o bubble_a noise_n succeed_v as_o before_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o bean_n contain_v air_n which_o can_v discharge_v itself_o in_o a_o compression_n till_o that_o compression_n be_v remove_v experiment_n xi_o march_n 4._o 77._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o it_o in_o 15_o minute_n it_o be_v tinge_v with_o a_o diluted_a blue_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n in_o 3_o minute_n become_v vivid_v and_o thick_a april_n 4._o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n which_o it_o regain_v when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o may_v 8._o wine_n oil_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n swim_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v great_a bubble_n rise_v from_o the_o spirit_n and_o small_a one_o from_o the_o oil_n but_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o oil_n afford_v bubble_n large_a enough_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o their_o ascent_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o they_o break_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o to_o strike_v against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n may_v 9_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a i_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o oil_n be_v not_o very_o large_a till_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sudden_o expanded_a experiment_n xiii_o may_v 3._o 76._o wine_n aq._n fort._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o include_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n one_o of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o several_a considerable_a ebullition_n succeed_v the_o liquor_n when_o take_v out_o be_v black_a and_o turbid_v though_o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v in_o colour_n but_o only_o a_o black_a powder_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o one_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o ebullition_n less_o violent_a than_o those_o in_o the_o vessel_n first_o include_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v take_v out_o be_v almost_o as_o black_a and_o turbid_v as_o that_o first_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v not_o much_o alter_v may_v 4._o the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n appear_v clear_a and_o green_a but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n bubble_v more_o than_o the_o day_n before_o and_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o all_o three_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o red_a liquor_n afford_v large_a bubble_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v ebullition_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n fourteen_o jan._n 21._o 78._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o file_n of_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spir._n sal_fw-la armon_n with_o file_n of_o copper_n stop_v with_o a_o leather_n stopple_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o unfermented_a paste_n jan._n 22._o the_o air_n yield_v by_o the_o paste_n penetrate_v the_o leather_n which_o be_v impervious_a to_o common_a air_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o tincture_n it_o give_v the_o liquor_n jan._n 25._o the_o liquor_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o penetrate_v pore_n which_o common_a air_n can_v feb._n 2._o the_o glass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o admit_v air_n so_o

gradual_o as_o to_o be_v fill_v in_o 24_o hour_n the_o liquor_n still_o remain_v colourless_a feb._n 15._o the_o glass_n be_v again_o shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o paste_n the_o air_n afford_v by_o it_o do_v not_o as_o before_o penetrate_v the_o leather_n nor_o be_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o least_o tinged_a by_o it_o experiment_n xv._o april_n 2._o 78._o have_v put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o the_o engine_n describe_v vacuo_fw-la a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o the_o filtration_n of_o air_n through_o water_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v stir_v and_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o penetrate_v the_o water_n it_o be_v a_o little_o better_a but_o can_v not_o recover_v apr._n 12._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o weak_o mouse_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v fast_v a_o long_a time_n the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n for_o the_o mouse_n be_v take_v out_o before_o it_o be_v dead_a can_v not_o recover_v in_o the_o free_a air._n experiment_n xvi_o may_v 2._o 78._o six_o week_n ago_o etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n be_v include_v in_o common_a air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 60_o digit_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n the_o mercury_n in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 15_o day_n be_v raise_v 1_o inch._n the_o spawn_n in_o common_a air_n be_v corrupt_a and_o blackish_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n remain_v unaltered_a a_o month_n after_o the_o spawn_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v turn_v into_o water_n except_o the_o black_a spot_n but_o have_v not_o alter_v its_o colour_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v very_o black_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n begin_v to_o be_v red_a which_o colour_n sensible_o increase_v may_v 22._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n june_n 23._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n have_v acquire_v a_o greenness_n octob._n 15._o that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v exhale_v out_o of_o its_o vessel_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v void_a of_o colour_n and_o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v still_o red_a experiment_n xvii_o may_v 9_o 78._o a_fw-la orange_n have_v be_v divide_v vacuo_fw-la orange_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o include_v in_o two_o receiver_n in_o which_o be_v leave_v a_o equal_a vacuity_n the_o capacity_n of_o the_o large_a be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n as_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o other_o i_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n be_v four_o time_n more_o mouldy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o orange_n be_v not_o touch_v by_o it_o june_n 15._o neither_o of_o the_o piece_n of_o the_o orange_n be_v mouldy_a and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v neither_o piece_n be_v mouldy_a in_o a_o month_n time_n the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o disposition_n in_o the_o air._n experiment_n xviii_o june_n 1._o 78._o a_o small_a glass_n tube_n wind-gun_n venice_n turpentine_n in_o a_o wind-gun_n half_a full_a of_o venice_n turpentine_n be_v put_v into_o the_o wind-gun_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o leather_n which_o cover_v the_o elliptic_a hole_n be_v drive_v out_o the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o i_o perceive_v several_a bubble_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o i_o suppose_v have_v be_v press_v into_o it_o when_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o gun_n have_v air_n compress_v in_o it_o therefore_o place_v the_o tube_n again_o in_o the_o gun_n i_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v condense_v to_o 15_o time_n as_o little_a compass_n june_n 3_o the_o turpentine_n be_v take_v out_o be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o by_o degree_n a_o great_a many_o be_v form_v in_o it_o june_n 4._o have_v free_v turpentine_n from_o its_o air_n and_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o i_o shut_v up_o all_o in_o the_o wind-gun_n june_n 8._o at_o the_o first_o sight_n both_o the_o water_n and_o turpentine_n be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o soon_o after_o they_o appear_v and_o ascend_v in_o the_o turpentine_n almost_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o air_n that_o form_v these_o bubble_n penetrate_v the_o water_n and_o most_o of_o the_o turpentine_n experiment_n xix_o aug._n 11._o 78._o when_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v clear_v of_o its_o bubble_n vacuo_fw-la file_n of_o copper_n and_o sp._n sal_fw-la armon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la i_o mix_v file_n of_o copper_n with_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o it_o yield_v several_a bubble_n they_o do_v not_o yield_v air_n but_o destroy_v what_o be_v contain_v there_o before_o the_o liquor_n be_v green_a and_o turbid_v decemb._n 5._o the_o spirit_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n get_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v in_o the_o receiver_n that_o which_o continue_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o water_n the_o mercury_n be_v whole_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o gage_n whence_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o air_n be_v gradual_o consume_v in_o the_o receiver_n experiment_n xx._n septemb_n 2._o 78._o a_o cylinder_n of_o tin_n and_o another_o of_o lead_n etc._n mercury_n raise_v in_o a_o tube_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v immerse_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o mercury_n and_o two_o other_o in_o mercury_n expose_v to_o common_a air._n sept._n 6._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tin_n cylinder_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o pipe_n be_v cut_v transvers_o half_o of_o that_o space_n above_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n the_o amalgama_n have_v penetrate_v into_o the_o metal_n half_a a_o line_n above_o and_o a_o whole_a one_o below_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n have_v not_o sensible_o penetrate_v into_o that_o metal_n except_o where_o it_o be_v immerse_v it_o be_v raise_v in_o it_o 2_o ½_n sept._n 7._o the_o mercury_n have_v ascend_v 5_o digit_n in_o the_o tin_n pipe_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n sept._n 10._o the_o same_o cylinder_n continue_n in_o the_o mercury_n be_v besmear_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n 6_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n which_o have_v penetrate_v the_o tube_n the_o deep_a by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n so_o that_o near_o the_o surface_n it_o have_v penetrate_v 3_o line_n deep_a the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o digit_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n nor_o have_v it_o make_v any_o sensible_a penetration_n so_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v little_a to_o the_o ascent_n of_o mercury_n into_o metal_n experiment_n xxi_o decemb._n 12._o 78._o the_o head_n of_o a_o whiting_n be_v cut_v off_o vacuo_fw-la a_o whiting_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o 5_o part_n one_o of_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la another_o in_o common_a air_n another_o in_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 50_o digit_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o four_o be_v include_v with_o air_n from_o paste_n the_o last_o piece_n be_v expose_v to_o open_v air._n decemb._n 15._o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n in_o the_o morning_n begin_v to_o shine_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n yield_v a_o light_n more_o vivid_v decemb._n 16._o it_o give_v over_o shine_v till_o evening_n dec._n 17._o it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 18._o at_o night_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 20._o it_o continue_v to_o shine_v dec._n 22._o it_o cease_v dec._n 23._o that_o include_v in_o common_a air_n begin_v to_o shine_v the_o 24._o it_o do_v not_o jan._n 26._o 79._o none_o of_o they_o shine_v article_n xii_o artificial_a air_n destroy_v experiment_n i._n august_n 3._o 77._o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n be_v transmit_v into_o a_o receiver_n full_a of_o common_a air_n destroy_v artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n destroy_v till_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n aug._n 4_o it_o sink_v to_o 23_o aug._n 6_o it_o sink_v to_o 20_o aug._n 7_o aug._n 8_o a_o little_a aug._n 10_o to_o 19_o ½_n experiment_n ii_o may_v 26._o 76._o destroy_v artificial_a air_n generate_v and_o destroy_v six_o grain_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n be_v let_v fall_v into_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o vacuo_fw-la there_o follow_v a_o great_a ebullition_n so_o that_o the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o it_o be_v usual_a height_n but_o present_o subside_v again_o may_v 27._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v

be_v only_o enclose_v nou._n 13._o mercury_n descend_v in_o all_o especial_o where_o the_o compress_v water_n be_v nou._n 18._o in_o that_o which_o contain_v compress_v water_n it_o almost_o rise_v to_o it_o be_v former_a height_n a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o beef_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o nou._n 23._o air_n be_v generate_v in_o all_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o second_o be_v 20_o digit_n have_v descend_v 3._o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v about_o 16._o in_o the_o first_o the_o flesh_n be_v not_o corrupt_v nou._n 30._o the_o flesh_n include_v with_o salt_n do_v not_o stink_v but_o when_o boil_v be_v tender_a and_o pleasant_a decemb._n 6._o the_o mercury_n in_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o compress_v air_n be_v 25_o digit_n the_o flesh_n be_v strong_a scent_v but_o do_v not_o stink_v that_o include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la bubble_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 3_o or_o 4_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o receiver_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v immerse_v in_o hot_a water_n the_o liquor_n bubble_v much_o though_o the_o water_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o do_v not_o boil_v the_o receiver_n be_v soon_o full_a of_o air_n and_o then_o though_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o boil_a water_n the_o liquor_n do_v not_o bubble_n the_o flesh_n be_v pleasant_a and_o tender_a so_o that_o water_n as_o well_o as_o beer_n may_v help_v to_o preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xii_o nou._n 29._o 78._o oyster_n be_v shut_v in_o one_o receiver_n without_o their_o shell_n oyster_n oyster_n in_o another_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o their_o shell_n with_o common_a air_n and_o in_o a_o three_o with_o salt-water_n these_o three_o be_v close_v up_o with_o screw_n 3_o oyster_n in_o their_o shell_n and_o 8_o take_v out_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v those_o which_o be_v without_o their_o shell_n emit_v large_a bubble_n one_o of_o the_o other_o open_v the_o shell_n nou._n 30._o the_o mercury_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v a_o little_a but_o in_o those_o 3_o which_o be_v stop_v with_o screw_n it_o descend_v rather_o decemb._n 4._o the_o wether_n grow_v warm_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 7_o digit_n in_o the_o second_o 0._o in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 3._o dec._n 5._o in_o the_o first_o 20._o in_o the_o second_o 1._o in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 5._o dec._n 7._o in_o the_o first_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 30._o in_o the_o second_o 1_o digit_fw-la in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 8._o other_o oyster_n leave_v in_o the_o open_a air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o dec._n 9_o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 30_o in_o the_o four_o 11._o in_o the_o rest_v no_o change_n dec._n 13._o in_o the_o four_o it_o be_v 14_o inch_n high_a dec._n 20._o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 46._o in_o the_o four_o 24._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o other_o dec._n 21._o in_o the_o 1_o st_z 52._o in_o the_o 4_o the_o 25._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o other_o dec._n 22._o in_o the_o 1_o st_z 60._o in_o 4_o the_o 27._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o rest_n dec._n 27._o in_o the_o 4_o the_o 29._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o rest_n jan._n 7._o 79._o the_o oyster_n in_o the_o three_o receiver_n have_v colour_a the_o water_n black_a jan._n 25._o some_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o the_o turpentine_n about_o the_o commissure_v of_o the_o receiver_n and_o cover_n of_o that_o which_o be_v exhaust_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o alter_v but_o the_o oyster_n be_v take_v out_o stink_v those_o in_o the_o other_o receiver_n stink_v and_o be_v turn_v to_o a_o viscous_a jelly_n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o fish_n yield_v not_o so_o much_o air_n as_o flesh_n yet_o they_o will_v corrupt_v though_o not_o affect_v by_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xiii_o nou._n 29._o 78._o butter_n a_o vessel_n of_o fresh_a butter_n a_o glass_n vessel_n fill_v with_o fresh_a butter_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n nou._n 30._o the_o butter_n be_v in_o the_o night_n condense_v by_o cold_a the_o mercury_n sink_v a_o little_a decemb._n 2._o the_o cold_a increase_n the_o mercury_n sink_v sensible_o decemb._n 5._o the_o cold_a grow_n more_o remiss_a the_o mercury_n ascend_v almost_o to_o its_o former_a height_n some_o of_o the_o same_o butter_n have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n smell_v ill_o decemb._n 7._o the_o cold_a come_n on_o again_o the_o mercury_n return_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o gage_n the_o butter_n in_o the_o open_a air_n smell_v worse_a decemb._n 24._o the_o butter_n have_v yield_v no_o air_n but_o be_v all_o of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n except_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o leather_n so_o that_o butter_n may_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n if_o preserve_v from_o the_o contact_n of_o air._n experiment_n fourteen_o nou._n 30._o 78._o oyster_n whiting_n and_o oyster_n one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o whiting_n and_o wine_n another_z with_o whiting_n and_o oyster_n when_o the_o screw_n be_v set_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v compress_v but_o in_o 3_o hour_n return_v to_o its_o former_a mark_n decemb._n 2._o the_o cold_a increase_n the_o mercury_n sink_v in_o both_o decemb._n 4._o the_o cold_a cease_v and_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o that_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o oyster_n decemb._n 5._o in_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o oyster_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o digit_n decemb._n 7._o it_o rise_v to_o 40_o digit_n dec._n 9_o no_o alteration_n in_o either_o that_o in_o which_o the_o wine_n be_v contain_v remain_v still_o below_o its_o first_o height_n decemb._n 20._o the_o content_n of_o both_o stink_v but_o what_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o there_o be_v corruption_n without_o a_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o that_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o wine_n experiment_n xv._o decemb._n 3.78_o cloves_n raw_a beef_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n raw_a beef_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v put_v into_o two_o large_a receiver_n and_o as_o much_o beer_n add_v as_o fill_v the_o remain_v space_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v more_o remiss_a the_o mercury_n come_v almost_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o gage_n decemb._n 8._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o the_o beef_n be_v take_v out_o of_o one_o to_o be_v boil_v have_v acquire_v a_o sweet_a smell_n from_o the_o clove_n and_o the_o liquor_n smell_v like_o hippocras_n jan._n 2._o 79._o the_o other_o receiver_n be_v open_v no_o air_n be_v produce_v the_o flesh_n be_v uncorrupted_a and_o be_v boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o a_o intense_a fire_n i_o observe_v air_n or_o spirit_n break_v out_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v cool_v the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v almost_o void_a of_o air_n the_o flesh_n be_v tender_a and_o well_o taste_v only_o it_o be_v boil_v a_o little_a too_o much_o have_v be_v on_o the_o fire_n six_o hour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o beer_n impregnate_v with_o aromatics_n will_v preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xvi_o decemb._n 4.78_o beef_n lark_n with_o beef_n two_o lark_n with_o some_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o ale_n as_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n not_o possess_v by_o they_o another_o be_v fill_v with_o beef_n alone_o and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beer_n and_o ale_n decemb._n 9_o some_o piece_n of_o the_o lark_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_a but_o those_o in_o the_o receiver_n have_v not_o yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 5_o digit_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v decemb._n 19_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n which_o hold_v the_o lark_n be_v break_v liquor_n run_v out_o the_o beef_n and_o lark_n be_v uncorrupt_a and_o be_v boil_v taste_v grateful_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o beef_n be_v make_v pleasant_a by_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o lark_n and_o beer_n decemb._n 23._o the_o other_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o boil_v flesh_n seem_v pleasant_a hence_o it_o appear_v that_o bird_n may_v be_v preserve_v long_o in_o beer_n and_o ale_n experiment_n xvii_o decemb._n 14._o one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o whole_a apple_n etc._n apple_n and_o sugar_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o powder_a sugar_n a_o second_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o sugar_n a_o three_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o water_n with_o a_o 1_o 10_o

experiment_n may_v be_v for_o to_o help_v mariner_n to_o transport_v fresh_a meat_n and_o fruit_n the_o reader_n may_v judge_v article_n xviii_o experiment_n concern_v elixation_n and_o distillation_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n i._n dec._n 12._o 78._o vacuo_fw-la beef_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o reciver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v 2_o ounce_n and_o 6_o drachm_n of_o beef_n in_o it_o be_v immerse_v 3_o hour_n in_o boil_a water_n and_o then_o lest_o to_o cool_v all_o night_n i_o find_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n that_o the_o air_n form_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v up_o 3_o digit_n of_o mercury_n so_o that_o by_o deduct_v from_o the_o calculation_n one_o may_v learn_v that_o flesh_n whilst_o boil_v can_v generate_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n to_o cause_v a_o entire_a pressure_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o double_a weight_n of_o water_n that_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o contain_v 2_o ounce_n of_o water_n will_v not_o yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sever_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n without_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n experiment_n ii_o dec._n 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 32_o ounce_n of_o water_n when_o it_o have_v boil_v long_o separate_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o vapour_n get_v out_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_o again_o it_o be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o be_v sever_v a_o second_o time_n if_o the_o fire_n be_v strong_a enough_o sweet_a exhalation_n continual_o make_v their_o way_n out_o dec._n 24._o the_o receiver_n be_v cool_a be_v almost_o whole_o evacuate_v by_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v not_o separate_v by_o air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n but_o by_o violent_a exhalation_n which_o when_o resist_v fall_v back_o and_o condense_a in_o the_o receiver_n so_o that_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o too_o violent_a the_o avolition_n of_o those_o steam_n may_v easy_o be_v prevent_v experiment_n iii_o jan._n 21._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la paste_n without_o leaven_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pass_v without_o leaven_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n and_o both_o of_o these_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la i_o leave_v they_o there_o 3_o hour_n and_o then_o after_o they_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o a_o moderate_a fire_n i_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v open_v the_o paste_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v red_a on_o its_o superficies_n the_o other_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o therefore_o both_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o b._n m._n all_o night_n jan._n 22._o the_o paste_n be_v take_v out_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v but_o have_v no_o crust_n that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v full_a of_o cavity_n and_o insipid_a the_o other_o be_v well_o taste_v and_o of_o a_o close_a body_n both_o receiver_n be_v void_a of_o air._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 3._o 79._o when_o leaven_v paste_n have_v fill_v a_o receiver_n full_a of_o air_n it_o be_v remove_v into_o another_o upon_o which_o it_o stink_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o hot_a balneo_fw-la m._n 3_o hour_n bread_n be_v make_v of_o it_o full_a of_o hole_n but_o without_o a_o crust_n feb._n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v without_o remove_v the_o paste_n from_o one_o receiver_n to_o another_o and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n the_o bread_n make_v of_o it_o be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n v._n feb._n 12._o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o instrument_n contrive_v to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la it_o yield_v a_o water_n which_o have_v a_o sweet_a smell_n as_o also_o some_o drop_n of_o essential_a oil_n well_o scent_v and_o clear_a from_o any_o empyreuma_n but_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v to_o let_v in_o air_n the_o noise_n which_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o cause_v be_v soon_o over_o so_o that_o i_o judge_v the_o rosemary_n have_v afford_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o air._n feb._n 13._o the_o same_o rosemary_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o a_o more_o violent_a fire_n it_o only_o yield_v a_o water_n less_o odoriferous_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n vi._n feb._n 10._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la flesh_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n be_v boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o 4_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o in_o 3_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o gage_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o inch_n it_o taste_v ill_a as_o also_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o condense_v vapour_n it_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o feb._n 11._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o flesh_n be_v first_o sprinkle_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 6_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o before_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o it_o taste_v well_o and_o the_o liquor_n form_v of_o the_o vapour_n taste_v strong_a of_o pepper_n these_o vessel_n seem_v proper_a to_o distil_v body_n that_o be_v very_o thin_a and_o volatile_a in_o article_n xix_o concern_v elixation_n in_o vessel_n stop_v with_o screw_n by_o who_o help_n hartshorn_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o fish_n and_o fourfooted_a creature_n may_v be_v soften_v experiment_n i._n jan._n 29._o m._n beef_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n beef_n boil_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la eight_o or_o nine_o hour_n in_o a_o vessel_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n have_v a_o very_a unpleasant_a taste_n after_o i_o boil_a beef_n season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n 3_o hour_n and_o it_o taste_v very_o pleasant_a beef_n that_o be_v not_o so_o season_v be_v boil_v 3_o hour_n taste_v well_o so_o that_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o first_o flesh_n be_v spoil_v with_o over-boiling_a when_o the_o flesh_n be_v not_o season_v vapour_n gather_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v taste_v unpleasant_a experiment_n ii_o jan._n 29._o apple_n boil_v 2_o hour_n be_v soft_a and_o well_o taste_v but_o some_o piece_n impregnate_v with_o the_o condense_v vapour_n which_o be_v of_o a_o ungrateful_a smell_n have_v acquire_v a_o less_o acceptable_a taste_n experiment_n iii_o feb._n 4._o receiver_n season_n flesh_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n flesh_n close_o compress_v and_o season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n that_o be_v keep_v hot_a in_o balneo_fw-la a_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o flesh_n be_v alittle_o over_o boil_a when_o the_o balneum_fw-la be_v open_v all_o the_o water_n break_v out_o feb._n 5._o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n march_n 12._o the_o flesh_n be_v very_o good_a elixation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a contribute_v the_o more_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o fermentation_n see_v art_n xviii_o exp._n xii_o xx._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 10._o vacuo_fw-la cow-heel_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v four_o hour_n over_o a_o moderate_a fire_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o bone_n may_v be_v eat_v like_o cheese_n feb._n 12._o a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v 12_o hour_n taste_v empyreumatical_a and_o the_o juice_n will_v not_o coagulate_v so_o that_o hard_a bone_n and_o tendon_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la may_v become_v good_a nourishment_n experiment_n v._n feb._n 10._o a_o fish_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n 2_o hour_n taste_v well_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n harden_v present_o into_o a_o jelly_n of_o a_o firm_a consistence_n this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o boil_v fish_n that_o be_v full_a of_o bones_o experiment_n vi._n feb._n 5._o vacuo_fw-la hearts-horn_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la hartshorn_n boil_v 4_o hour_n be_v very_o soft_a like_o cheese_n and_o the_o juice_n present_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n feb._n 17._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o hartshorn_n be_v boil_v 6_o hour_n and_o grow_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o it_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o these_o experiment_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o mariner_n since_o by_o they_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o boil_v their_o meat_n with_o out_o consume_v fresh_a water_n which_o may_v be_v keep_v for_o other_o more_o cogent_a occasion_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la several_a substance_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o piece_n of_o roast_a rabbit_n be_v preserve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la above_o

phaenomena_n afford_v by_o frog_n in_o a_o exhaust-receiver_n experiment_n i._n sept._n 9_o 1662._o a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v but_o little_o swell_v and_o move_v her_o throat_n almost_o as_o fast_o as_o before_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v her_o body_n swell_v more_o and_o she_o continue_v alive_a about_o 2_o hour_n in_o a_o little_a more_o than_o 3_o hour_n she_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v leave_v all_o night_n upon_o the_o grass_n she_o recover_v again_o experiment_n ii_o a_o frog_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n almost_o total_o exhaust_v about_o 11_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v unaltered_a but_o in_o six_o hour_n die_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 6._o 62._o a_o slender_n and_o a_o large_a frog_n be_v both_o include_v in_o a_o receiver_n whilst_o it_o be_v exhaust_v the_o lesser_a skip_v up_o and_o down_o and_o some_o time_n after_o but_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n seem_v dead_a the_o large_a frog_n swell_v a_o little_a and_o continue_v alive_a half_a a_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n leak_a we_o pursue_v the_o experiment_n no_o further_o experiment_n iu._n a_o small_a frog_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v lively_a but_o after_o move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o if_o very_a uneasy_a yet_o be_v alive_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n she_o want_v respiration_n and_o her_o belly_n and_o throat_n be_v swell_v in_o 3_o ½_n hour_n time_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o throat_n subside_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o swell_a there_o remain_v a_o cavity_n experiment_n v._n a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o plate_a receiver_n exhaust_v in_o seven_o hour_n be_v dead_a be_v much_o swell_v but_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v lanker_n than_o ever_o title_n iv_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la a_o kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n after_o convulsion_n lay_v with_o the_o tongue_n out_o as_o if_o dead_a but_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o trice_n recover_v another_o kitling_n of_o the_o same_o age_n be_v include_v in_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o it_o have_v be_v by_o turn_n convulsive_a six_o minute_n upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n seem_v dead_a and_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n lay_v with_o its_o tongue_n out_o without_o either_o pulse_n or_o respiration_n but_o be_v pinch_v it_o present_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n and_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n gape_v and_o strain_v to_o fetch_v breath_n it_o recover_v a_o three_o be_v put_v into_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o violent_a convulsion_n and_o want_n of_o breath_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n seem_v dead_a no_o more_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o than_o what_o be_v do_v at_o 3_o exsuction_n the_o pump_n be_v still_o ply_v and_o the_o kitling_n seem_v to_o swell_v some_o time_n after_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n be_v violent_o convulse_v after_o it_o have_v be_v enclose_v 7_o minute_n we_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o put_v aq._n vitæ_fw-la into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o kitling_n yet_o it_o die_v in_o our_o hand_n these_o animal_n continue_v perhaps_o 3_o time_n as_o long_o alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o other_o will_v have_v do_v title_n v._o some_o trial_n about_o the_o air_n usual_o harbour_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n etc._n etc._n water_n air_n conceal_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o bulk_n we_o fill_v a_o chemical_a pipe_n 36_o inch_n long_o with_o water_n and_o invert_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n about_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n these_o be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o and_o upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o it_o the_o bubble_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n want_v 8_o 10_o of_o about_o 100_o part_n of_o a_o inch._n soon_o after_o a_o tube_n to_o be_v describe_v by_o and_o by_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o same_o water_n and_o invert_v and_o when_o the_o receiver_n into_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n sink_v even_o with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n air_n be_v let_v in_o and_z rise_v the_o water_n within_o a_o ten_o part_n and_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o the_o top._n the_o tube_n be_v 43_o ¼_n inch_n above_o the_o stagnant_a water_n this_o experiment_n be_v twice_o try_v the_o first_o time_n the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o air_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o more_o the_o second_o it_o be_v ½_n and_o 1_o 15._o the_o first_o time_n the_o water_n subside_v level_a with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n in_o the_o second_o trial_n within_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n of_o it_o in_o these_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o air_n possess_v so_o little_a room_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o water_n seem_v not_o to_o subside_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v out_o yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n possess_v a_o considerable_a space_n quare_fw-la whether_o water_n free_v once_o of_o its_o air_n will_v yield_v air_n again_o and_o whether_o there_o be_v not_o air_n enough_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o fish_n when_o suck_v through_o their_o gills_o to_o discover_v more_o nice_o what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o pipe_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o globous_a part_n 3_o ½_n inches_n diameter_n and_o a_o stem_n 9_o inch_n long_o a_o inch_n of_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v melt_v and_o draw_v out_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n till_o it_o be_v as_o slender_a as_o a_o crow_n quill_n this_o glass_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n be_v with_o a_o pedestal_n convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o upon_o evacuate_v of_o it_o bubble_n plentiful_o rise_v and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o froth_n or_o foam_n but_o break_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o slender_a pipe_n they_o do_v not_o run_v over_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v we_o leave_v off_o pump_v till_o the_o water_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o free_v from_o bubble_n and_o so_o we_o successive_o pump_v and_o leave_v off_o again_o till_o the_o water_n seem_v quite_o free_a from_o air_n and_o then_o let_v in_o external_n air_n the_o water_n do_v not_o seem_v a_o hair_n breadth_n low_a than_o before_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o claret_n which_o make_v we_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o kind_n of_o substance_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o aerial_a and_o spirituous_a body_n by_o handle_v they_o thus_o title_n vi_o of_o some_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o shell-fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la oyster_n in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o oyster_n in_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a bubble_n get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n the_o oyster_n be_v alive_a at_o the_o end_n of_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v seem_v dead_a but_o revive_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o exhaust_v it_o be_v void_a of_o motion_n the_o experiment_n be_v 3_o or_o 4_o time_n exhaust_v and_o air_n let_v in_o again_o when_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v out_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v suffer_v much_o harm_n experiment_n iii_o another_o oyster_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o immerse_v in_o water_n that_o the_o bubble_n which_o may_v come_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n may_v be_v visible_a if_o any_o we_o find_v that_o this_o fish_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o no_o bubble_n can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n experiment_n iu._n a_o craw-fish_n strong_a than_o the_o former_a except_o one_o small_a intermission_n continue_v in_o motion_n whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o scale_n fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n vacuo_fw-la a_o gudgeon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o fill_v the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v shape_v like_o a_o bolt-head_n and_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n half_a full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v a_o gudgeon_n 3_o inch_n long_o into_o it_o which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o this_o be_v do_v we_o exhaust_v the_o

receiver_n so_o far_o that_o but_o one_o part_n of_o twenty_o of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o then_o we_o observe_v the_o follow_a particular_n first_o the_o water_n except_o about_o the_o fish_n afford_v no_o froth_n and_o but_o few_o bubble_n second_o the_o fish_n discharge_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o mouth_n and_o gills_o and_o several_a after_o it_o rest_v half_a a_o hour_n stick_v to_o its_o fin_n and_o tail_n and_o other_o part_n these_o bubble_n by_o swim_v will_v be_v shake_v off_o but_o upon_o a_o little_a rest_n they_o will_v appear_v about_o he_o again_o three_o except_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n he_o seem_v to_o take_v in_o air_n at_o his_o mouth_n and_o gills_o four_o after_o a_o while_n he_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o will_v swim_v in_o that_o posture_n five_o in_o some_o time_n he_o move_v more_o lively_a than_o at_o first_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a after_o he_o be_v include_v he_o seem_v clear_a of_o bubble_n but_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o be_v a_o little_a tumid_a yet_o as_o lively_a as_o before_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n after_o he_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o stiff_a yet_o be_v excite_v by_o motion_n he_o move_v a_o little_a air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n whilst_o he_o be_v under_o water_n he_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o seem_v a_o little_a revive_v and_o be_v convey_v along_o with_o the_o water_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o fresh_a water_n he_o be_v further_o recover_v yet_o can_v not_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o his_o belly_n seem_v much_o shrink_v he_o be_v alive_a at_o 24_o hour_n end_n and_o then_o be_v able_a to_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n title_n viii_o of_o two_o animal_n include_v with_o large_a wound_n in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o the_o pneumatical_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la abird_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a bird_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v open_v tranvers_o in_o about_o a_o minute_n after_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_n have_v convulsion_n in_o its_o wing_n and_o be_v take_v out_o be_v past_o recover_v though_o there_o be_v very_o little_a alteration_n in_o its_o lung_n and_o the_o auricles_n of_o its_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v so_o much_o open_v that_o two_o curl_a lobe_n of_o its_o lung_n come_v out_o at_o the_o incision_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o leg_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v lie_v void_a of_o motion_n its_o abdomen_fw-la and._n thigh_n be_v swell_v very_o much_o as_o if_o distend_v with_o some_o airy_a vapour_n one_o lobe_n when_o the_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o appear_v full_a the_o other_o shrink_v up_o and_o thus_o they_o continue_v till_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o and_o then_o the_o body_n grow_v less_o tumid_a and_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v tumid_a subside_v it_o present_o recover_v title_n ix_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o separate_a heart_n of_o a_o cold_a animal_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o tin_n plate_n beat_v as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v grow_v tumid_a emit_v several_a bubble_n out_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o continue_v to_o beat_v as_o fast_o or_o fast_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o experiment_n ii_o the_o heart_n of_o another_o though_o tumid_a beat_v a_o hour_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o begin_v to_o fail_v i_o apply_v heat_n to_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o it_o renew_v and_o continue_v its_o motion_n another_o hour_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v motion_n be_v renew_v by_o apply_v of_o heat_n a_o second_o time_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o hour_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v but_o a_o tremble_a one_o can_v neither_o be_v promote_v by_o the_o air_n nor_o heat_n title_n x._o a_o comparison_n of_o time_n wherein_o animal_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o drown_v or_o withdraw_v of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n sept._n 10._o receiver_n animal_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n a_o green-finch_n be_v sink_v in_o water_n by_o a_o weight_n be_v dead_a after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_o 0184_o 0108_o five_o 3_o a_o minute_n without_o motion_n experiment_n ii_o a_o sparrow_n which_o at_o the_o first_o move_v very_o vigorous_o under_o water_n be_v take_v up_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_a a_o minute_n without_o motion_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iii_o a_o mouse_n be_v immerse_v half_o a_o minute_n and_o some_o second_o after_o some_o faint_a sign_n of_o life_n though_o not_o convulsive_a die_v experiment_n iu._n a_o duck_n be_v immerse_v by_o a_o weight_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v quiet_a for_o a_o minute_n be_v a_o little_a uneasy_a but_o be_v quiet_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o recover_v but_o be_v immerse_v again_o in_o fresh_a water_n it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n and_o nostril_n and_o in_o two_o minute_n time_n begin_v to_o struggle_v at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o minute_n cease_v to_o emit_v bubble_n it_o begin_v to_o gape_v which_o continue_v two_o minute_n and_o then_o its_o head_n hang_v careless_o down_o it_o seem_v dead_a be_v take_v out_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n v._n a_o duckling_n be_v immerse_v with_o its_o beak_n about_o 2_o inch_n under_o water_n emit_v bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n which_o likewise_o arise_v from_o some_o place_n in_o its_o neck_n about_o as_o far_o from_o its_o eye_n as_o from_o its_o ear_n after_o which_o several_a time_n it_o endeavour_v to_o dive_v low_a and_o have_v be_v moderate_o convulse_v hang_v its_o head_n down_o as_o if_o dead_a at_o 3_o minute_n end_n soon_o after_o a_o tremble_a motion_n appear_v in_o some_o part_n of_o its_o bill_n but_o that_o cease_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o minute_n it_o be_v take_v out_o past_a recovery_n experiment_n vi._n a_o viper_n be_v so_o long_o keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o it_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n over_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n be_v as_o lively_a as_o ever_o then_o we_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n body_n stop_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o depress_v with_o a_o weight_n where_o it_o lay_v a_o considerable_a time_n with_o very_o little_a motion_n when_o four_o hour_n be_v almost_o past_a it_o swim_v above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o have_v several_a time_n put_v out_o its_o tongue_n when_o a_o little_a more_o than_o seven_o hour_n be_v pass_v it_o seem_v dead_a its_o head_n and_o tail_n hang_v down_o without_o motion_n n._n b._n though_o several_a of_o these_o animal_n seem_v to_o die_v a_o little_a soon_o in_o water_n than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o it_o do_v not_o certain_o prove_v that_o the_o former_a kill_v they_o fast_o for_o in_o water_n they_o be_v deprive_v of_o air_n instant_o in_o a_o receiver_n by_o degree_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o hence_o viz._n that_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n which_o can_v be_v exhaust_v at_o one_o suck_v the_o animal_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v be_v dead_a in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n xi_o of_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o animal_n in_o air_n bring_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n but_o not_o near_o the_o utmost_a one_o of_o rarefaction_n experiment_n i._n aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v 3_o hour_n in_o a_o receiver_n vacuo_fw-la several_a animal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 4_o ½_n pint_n seem_v sick_a but_o be_v take_v out_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n in_o less_o than_o 1_o ¼_n hour_n and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n recover_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 9_o a_o lark_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n when_o ¾_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 9_o a_o green-finch_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n be_v sick_a and_o throw_v matter_n which_o she_o vomit_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o she_o seem_v better_a and_o continue_v so_o for_o 3_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v sick_a and_o vomit_v as_o before_o she_o eat_v part_n of_o it_o up_o

and_o seem_v again_o to_o recover_v some_o air_n get_v in_o though_o it_o be_v pump_v out_o again_o for_o the_o last_o eight_o minute_n she_o seem_v better_a than_o we_o expect_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o bird_n be_v not_o like_a to_o die_v we_o take_v she_o out_o experiment_n v._n a_o viper_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o hold_v 3_o 1_o ●_o pint_n of_o water_n for_o 36_o hour_n after_o it_o be_v exhaust_v move_v up_o and_o down_o nimble_o and_o put_v out_o her_o tongue_n often_o at_o the_o end_n of_o 60_o hour_n she_o seem_v almost_o dead_a and_o the_o next_o day_n at_o noon_n be_v quite_o dead_a the_o receiver_n take_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o include_v air_n will_v admit_v by_o measure_v it_o we_o find_v that_o 5_o part_n of_o six_o of_o the_o air_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o a_o digressive_a experiment_n concern_v respiration_n on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n mountain_n of_o respiration_n on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n upon_o enquiry_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o mountain_n in_o armenia_n be_v so_o high_a that_o they_o can_v get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o they_o for_o snow_n and_o that_o those_o that_o go_v up_o high_a be_v trouble_v with_o a_o shortness_n of_o breath_n and_o the_o like_a difficulty_n of_o breathe_v have_v be_v observe_v on_o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sevenes_n in_o or_o near_o the_o province_n of_o languedoc_n and_o one_o that_o have_v be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o picinino_n de_fw-fr midi_n one_o of_o the_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n observe_v the_o like_a shortness_n of_o breath_n and_o the_o air_n on_o the_o mount_n teneriff_n have_v so_o violent_o affect_v some_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o title_n xii_o of_o the_o observation_n produce_v in_o a_o animal_n in_o change_n as_o to_o rarity_n and_o density_n make_v in_o the_o same_o air._n to_o try_v whether_o a_o animal_n that_o be_v almost_o dead_a by_o be_v contain_v in_o rarify_v air_n will_v recover_v upon_o a_o condensation_n of_o that_o without_o admit_v any_o fresh_a air_n to_o come_v to_o it_o we_o take_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n who_o outside_n be_v oil_v to_o render_v it_o more_o transparent_a we_o cut_v so_o much_o of_o its_o neck_n off_o that_o way_n may_v be_v make_v for_o a_o mouse_n to_o be_v put_v in_o which_o be_v do_v that_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v tie_v up_o so_o that_o no_o air_n can_v get_v in_o at_o the_o wrinkle_n we_o cover_v a_o wooden_a stopple_n with_o cement_n which_o squeeze_v into_o the_o cranny_n we_o can_v utter_o exclude_v the_o air._n a_o bladder_n thus_o prepare_v be_v convey_v with_o a_o mouse_n in_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n receiver_n we_o ply_v the_o pump_n till_o the_o glass_n vessel_n be_v so_o much_o exhaust_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n so_o far_o expanded_a that_o the_o mouse_n be_v like_a to_o die_v upon_o which_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v again_o condense_v by_o admit_v external_n air_n into_o the_o receiver_n the_o mouse_n be_v revive_v the_o experiment_n be_v a_o second_o time_n try_v with_o the_o like_a success_n title_n xiii_o of_o a_o unsuccessful_a attempt_n to_o prevent_v the_o necessity_n of_o respiration_n by_o the_o production_n or_o growth_n of_o animal_n in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n i._n life_n respiration_n necessary_a absolute_o continue_v life_n a_o good_a company_n of_o tadpole_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o they_o subside_v again_o yet_o upon_o the_o second_o they_o rise_v again_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v discompose_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n be_v not_o able_a to_o dive_v down_o and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n they_o become_v destitute_a of_o motion_n when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o recover_v not_o experiment_n ii_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o less_o number_n in_o a_o less_o receiver_n though_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o air_n soon_o than_o the_o other_o yet_o very_a few_o recovered_n experiment_n iii_o the_o same_o experiment_n with_o the_o first_o be_v try_v some_o year_n after_o in_o another_o receiver_n we_o have_v the_o same_o success_n experiment_n iu._n we_o include_v some_o of_o those_o infect_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o water_n which_o first_o live_v in_o water_n and_o then_o turn_v wing_a infect_v which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o a_o few_o day_n put_v off_o their_o exuviae_fw-la and_o be_v perfect_a gnat_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o live_v a_o considerable_a time_n a_o digressive_a experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o blood_n and_o other_o animal_n juice_n expanded_a the_o blood_n and_o other_o humour_n expanded_a lamb_n blood_n preserve_v from_o coagulation_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n in_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n make_v their_o way_n out_o raise_v the_o more_o clammy_a part_n into_o large_a bubble_n and_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o volatile_a part_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o it_o boil_v over_o a_o glass_n of_o which_o it_o fill_v but_o ¼_n part_n have_v include_v warm_a milk_n in_o a_o cylinder_n 5_o inches_n high_a the_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v only_o 3_o ounce_n it_o boil_a so_o impetuous_o when_o the_o air_n be_v total_o exhaust_v that_o several_a parcel_n of_o it_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n gall_n discover_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o intumescence_n n._n the_o design_n of_o these_o experiment_n be_v to_o know_v whether_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o receiver_n animal_n may_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o humour_n in_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n as_o well_o as_o by_o a_o absense_n of_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o they_o distend_v the_o vessel_n may_v stop_v circulation_n and_o cause_n pain_n and_o convulsion_n i_o once_o observe_v a_o bubble_n to_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o humour_n of_o one_o of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o viper_n in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n another_o digressive_a experiment_n the_o liver_n and_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n together_o with_o the_o head_n and_o body_n of_o another_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liver_n manifest_o swell_v and_o several_a bubble_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la or_o the_o part_n adjoin_v the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o the_o swell_a part_n subside_v and_o the_o skin_n seem_v more_o flaccid_a than_o before_o title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o power_n of_o custom_n to_o enable_v animal_n to_o hold_v out_o in_o air_n too_o much_o rarify_v for_o respiration_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o prevalency_n of_o custom_n to_o enable_v animal_n to_o continue_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a mouse_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o viol_n with_o a_o wide_a neck_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n express_v out_o of_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o gage_n a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v only_o remain_v in_o it_o upon_o which_o the_o bladder_n be_v half_o distend_v with_o rarify_v air_n and_o the_o mouse_n be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o ill_a but_o that_o rarify_v air_n by_o a_o ingress_n of_o external_n air_n be_v condense_v it_o present_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o mouse_n keep_v in_o the_o rarify_v air_n four_o minute_n be_v very_o ill_a and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n recover_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n tremble_v for_o a_o long_a time_n experiment_n iii_o the_o same_o mouse_n be_v again_o shut_v up_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o rarify_v air_n and_o when_o take_v out_o soon_o recover_v than_o before_o and_o with_o less_o tremble_a experiment_n iu._n the_o same_o mouse_n be_v again_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n after_o it_o have_v recover_v its_o strength_n the_o air_n be_v a_o little_a further_o rarify_v than_o before_o at_o the_o first_o the_o mouse_n seem_v discompose_v but_o after_o continue_v quiet_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o air_n be_v expanded_a by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o it_o seem_v ready_a to_o die_v but_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o present_o recover_v title_n xv._o some_o experiment_n show_v that_o air_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n may_v retain_v its_o wont_a pressure_n experiment_n i._n pressure_n air_n unfit_a for_o respiration_n retain_v its_o usual_a pressure_n a_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a glass_n hermetical_o seal_v and_o a_o gage_n

suspend_v by_o a_o wire_n in_o the_o neck_n in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n we_o find_v it_o dead_a and_o with_o much_o ado_n recover_v when_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v off_o the_o station_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o alter_v experiment_n ii_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o small_a bird_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o be_v sick_a and_o droop_a and_o in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v gradual_o increase_v it_o die_v the_o gage_n be_v not_o sensible_o alter_v experiment_n iii_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o defect_n of_o cold_a in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n that_o kill_v animal_n include_v in_o it_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v a_o small_a bird_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 3_o quart_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o minute_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a and_o pant_v and_o continue_v so_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o viol_n be_v immerse_v 6_o minute_n in_o water_n refrigerated_a with_o a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v not_o refresh_v it_o vomit_v and_o purge_v when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v to_o pant_v as_o before_o in_o a_o hour_n from_o her_o first_o imprisonment_n die_v title_n vi_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n to_o elevate_v steam_n of_o body_n it_o the_o usefulness_n of_o air_n to_o raise_v steam_n from_o body_n contiguous_a to_o it_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n carry_v off_o the_o fuliginous_a steam_n from_o the_o lung_n in_o respiration_n we_o prepare_v a_o red_a liquor_n consist_v of_o such_o saline_n and_o spirituous_a part_n as_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n yield_v this_o liquor_n well_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n though_o it_o be_v but_o half_a full_a emit_v no_o steam_n but_o when_o the_o external_n air_n come_v to_o it_o it_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o air_n may_v enable_v body_n to_o emit_v vapour_n in_o this_o liquor_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n worth_a our_o notice_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o viol_n have_v lie_v quiet_a and_o stop_v a_o competent_a time_n the_o upper_a part_n will_v appear_v void_a of_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o air_n will_v retain_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n which_o may_v help_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o air_n which_o will_v be_v clog_v with_o steam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n the_o second_o be_v that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o want_n of_o air_n though_o the_o bottle_n be_v unstop_v these_o exhalation_n will_v not_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n they_o rise_v up_o plentiful_o be_v draw_v out_o along_o with_o the_o air_n a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v this_o experiment_n have_v some_o affinity_n with_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n that_o be_v make_v with_o corrosive_a ingredient_n and_o this_o of_o medicine_n good_a for_o the_o lung_n title_n xvii_o of_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o our_o engin._n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la white_a snail_n without_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v store_n of_o bubble_n stick_v to_o they_o but_o they_o put_v out_o and_o draw_v in_o their_o horn_n at_o pleasure_n in_o some_o hour_n they_o become_v void_a of_o motion_n and_o tumid_a and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n seem_v like_o blow_a bladder_n the_o substance_n of_o their_o body_n be_v consume_v the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v together_o like_o two_o skin_n no_o sign_n of_o life_n appear_v experiment_n ii_o aneft_v be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n 48_o hour_n it_o seem_v swell_v in_o its_o belly_n it_o be_v under_o jaw_n move_v the_o first_o night_n but_o not_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v under_o water_n and_o half_o fill_v the_o animal_n be_v very_o much_o revive_v experiment_n iii_o a_o leech_n be_v include_v with_o a_o little_a water_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 12_o ounce_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o leech_n keep_v under_o water_n several_a bubble_n rise_v from_o distinct_a part_n of_o its_o body_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o much_o indispose_v it_o continue_v well_o five_o day_n by_o open_v the_o receiver_n under_o water_n i_o find_v that_o it_o have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n well_o exhaust_v title_n xviii_o of_o what_o happen_v to_o some_o creep_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n six_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o hour_n after_o vacuo_fw-la creep_v infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la move_v up_o and_o down_o 8_o hour_n after_o they_o seem_v quite_o dead_a but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o morning_n be_v alive_a experiment_n ii_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n to_o one_o we_o add_v the_o air_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o other_o receiver_n those_o which_o have_v air_n with_o they_o be_v alive_a two_o day_n the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v dead_a in_o a_o little_a time_n title_n xix_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n suggest_v by_o wing_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la winge_a infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la flesh-flies_a who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v include_v in_o a_o portable_a receiver_n furnish_v with_o a_o large_a pipe_n and_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o they_o lose_v their_o motion_n two_o hour_n after_o fire_v not_o be_v able_a to_o excite_v motion_n in_o they_o i_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v observe_v to_o move_v the_o next_o morning_n experiment_n ii_o several_a ordinary_a fly_n and_o a_o bee_n or_o wasp_n lay_v as_o if_o dead_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n except_o some_o which_o for_o a_o few_o minute_n be_v convulsive_a after_o 48_o hour_n they_o neither_o recover_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n nor_o the_o meridian_n sun_n experiment_n iii_o a_o great_a flesh_n fly_v be_v put_v into_o a_o portable_a receiver_n be_v very_o brisk_a and_o lively_a till_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v off_o but_o then_o be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o she_o recover_v but_o it_o be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v she_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o glass_n be_v stir_v and_o then_o she_o move_v a_o little_a the_o next_o night_n after_o neither_o heat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v recover_v she_o of_o a_o long_a time_n but_o at_o the_o last_o when_o she_o be_v well_o be_v shut_v up_o again_o 48_o hour_n and_o place_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n she_o grow_v so_o ill_a as_o to_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n iu._n a_o grass-hopper_n who_o body_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v first_o ply_v he_o be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o several_a liquid_a drop_n come_v from_o his_o abdomen_fw-la to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o spoonful_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v he_o fall_v on_o his_o back_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sunshine_n he_o move_v a_o little_a and_o soon_o after_o lay_v as_o dead_a 3_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o place_v after_o he_o seem_v dead_a half_n a_o hour_n some_o time_n in_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o recover_v experiment_n v._n a_o rose-flie_a be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n struggle_v much_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o in_o 6_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v four_o hour_n after_o the_o beetle_n be_v lively_a enough_o the_o receiver_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o animal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v much_o disquiet_v experiment_n vi._n several_a butterfly_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o fly_v in_o so_o thin_a a_o medium_fw-la but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v invert_v will_v fall_v from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o rude_o enough_o title_n xx._n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o small_a creature_n as_o aunt_n and_o even_a mite_n themselves_o animal_n air_n requisite_a to_o the_o life_n of_o very_a minute_n animal_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o seven_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v about_o 14_o

hour_n after_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o recover_v cheese_n which_o have_v a_o great_a many_o mite_n in_o it_o be_v convey_v into_o four_o several_a receiver_n three_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v the_o mite_n in_o the_o unexhausted_a receiver_n be_v alive_a a_o week_n in_o two_o of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n they_o seem_v dead_a and_o continue_v so_o four_o hour_n but_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o rush_v in_o 3_o day_n after_o several_a of_o they_o be_v revive_v and_o continue_v alive_a 2_o or_o 3_o day_n long_o in_o the_o other_o receiver_n mite_n which_o lay_v dead_a 3_o day_n recover_v present_o upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n vi_o the_o most_o considerable_a animadversion_n on_o mr._n hobbs_n problemata_fw-la de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la the_o first_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n problemata_fw-la de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la take_v notice_n of_o be_v this_o viz._n he_o say_v separate_v why_o contiguous_a marble_n be_v not_o easy_o separate_v if_o a_o vacum_fw-la interspersum_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o the_o air_n when_o two_o flat_a marble_n be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o each_o other_o superficies_n they_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v separate_v as_o move_v when_o separate_a in_o the_o open_a air._n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o there_o be_v several_a vacuity_n intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n yet_o notwithstanding_o since_o each_o of_o those_o particle_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o specific_a gravity_n and_o be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o uppermost_a marble_n whatever_o separate_v those_o two_o body_n must_v have_v a_o force_n able_a to_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o lean_v on_o it_o but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o each_o side_n of_o the_o marble_n have_v a_o equal_a pressure_n on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n there_o be_v require_v no_o more_o force_n to_o move_v it_o up_o and_o down_o than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o two_o marble_n can_v be_v separate_v sudden_o be_v because_o the_o air_n can_v instant_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o they_o yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v pull_v asunder_o and_o much_o more_o easy_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n where_o there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o succeed_v the_o space_n leave_v betwixt_o they_o upon_o their_o auulsion_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o force_n able_a to_o overcome_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o draw_v they_o asunder_o but_o only_o so_o much_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o overpower_v the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n another_o argument_n against_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n lay_v down_o in_o favour_n of_o a_o plenitude_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutgmeg_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o its_o stem_n we_o hold_v it_o in_o a_o flame_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o melt_v remove_v it_o into_o the_o open_a air_n where_o the_o bubble_n which_o be_v dilate_v in_o the_o flame_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v spring_v be_v press_v in_o on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n the_o rarefy_v air_n be_v condense_v and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n yet_o when_o the_o bubble_n be_v again_o convey_v into_o the_o flame_n the_o internal_a air_n expand_v plump_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o be_v again_o compress_v and_o bruise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n answer_v as_o when_o first_o repeat_v till_o at_o last_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o bubble_n have_v a_o hole_n make_v in_o it_o by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n may_v by_o be_v rarify_v and_o leave_v vacuity_n betwixt_o its_o rarefy_v part_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o and_o possess_v a_o large_a space_n and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v vacuity_n intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o that_o air_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v too_o sine_fw-la to_o admit_v external_n air_n or_o when_o the_o bubble_n be_v compress_v to_o give_v way_n for_o a_o egress_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o answer_v a_o second_o argument_n answer_v mr._n hobbs_n assert_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o receiver_n exhaust_v be_v full_a of_o air_n the_o first_o experiment_n here_o allege_v against_o he_o and_o which_o show_v that_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o considerable_a be_v this_o a_o pewter_n porringer_n be_v cement_v down_o upon_o a_o iron_n plate_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o pump_n we_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o the_o incumbent_a atsmosphere_n depress_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o the_o porringer_n and_o render_v it_o concave_n and_o in_o another_o trial_n i_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o atmosphere_n do_v not_o exert_v its_o gravity_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n but_o collateral_o receiver_n the_o reason_n of_o bubble_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n mr._n hobbs_n ascribe_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o bubble_n which_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n appear_v for_o some_o time_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n mr._n boyle_n to_o disprove_v he_o takes_z notice_n that_o when_o water_n be_v once_o free_v from_o its_o air_n let_v the_o pump_n be_v ply_v never_o so_o violent_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n air_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v bubble_n so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n rather_o depend_v on_o a_o want_n of_o air_n to_o press_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o overpower_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o which_o for_o want_v of_o such_o a_o pressure_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o water_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o examine_v mr._n hobbs_n explanation_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n examine_v mr._n hobbs_n explanation_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n have_v be_v elsewhere_o answer_v to_o what_o have_v be_v their_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n the_o torrecillian_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o straight_a tube_n we_o raise_v the_o pipe_n a_o little_a in_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o then_o convey_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n under_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o tie_v it_o firm_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n upon_o the_o bladder_n be_v very_o slight_a and_o the_o equilibrum_fw-la betwixt_o the_o mercurial_a and_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v so_o equal_a that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v but_o incline_v so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a the_o atmosphere_n will_v buoy_v up_o the_o bladder_n and_o form_v a_o concave_a in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v erect_v again_o the_o bladder_n will_v be_v depress_v and_o become_v protuberant_a and_o if_o the_o bladder_n be_v nimble_o apply_v when_o the_o mercury_n be_v a_o little_a below_o its_o wont_a station_n the_o mercury_n be_v then_o light_a than_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n the_o bladder_n will_v be_v raise_v up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n in_o which_o experiment_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o upon_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n the_o cavity_n above_o it_o be_v according_o vary_v in_o its_o dimension_n yet_o no_o air_n can_v ascend_v to_o fill_v it_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n will_v suggest_v since_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o a_o bladder_n which_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o appear_v can_v be_v penetrate_v by_o air._n another_o argument_n against_o mr._n hobbs_n explanation_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n be_v deduce_v deduce_v from_o a_o observation_n make_v on_o the_o travel_a baroscope_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v seal_v up_o with_o air_n include_v in_o it_o heatt_z will_v so_o rarisie_n that_o air_n that_o it_o will_v elevate_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n without_o make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o mercury_n below_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n suppose_v it_o do_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n where_o one_o will_v expect_v that_o if_o air_n condense_v can_v penetrate_v

mercury_n so_o easy_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v rather_o penetrate_v than_o buoy_n it_o up_o suction_n the_o reason_n of_o suction_n to_o show_v in_o opposition_n to_o mr._n hobbs_n how_o much_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v concern_v in_o suction_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n who_o long_a stem_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o very_a slender_a and_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n expel_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o when_o by_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n that_o rarefy_v air_n which_o remain_v in_o it_o be_v condense_v the_o water_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o this_o be_v do_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v rarify_v it_o force_v out_o almost_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n only_o a_o few_o drop_n which_o satisfy_v we_o that_o none_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n have_v get_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n so_o low_o assure_v we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o expand_v as_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o air_n be_v thus_o rarify_v we_o present_o remove_v the_o pipe_n out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o stagant_a mercury_n which_o ascend_v into_o it_o in_o a_o short_a time_n in_o which_o experiment_n do_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o do_v its_o ascent_n depend_v on_o any_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n or_o on_o the_o compression_n and_o propagate_v pulsion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v expel_v there_o will_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o mercury_n shall_v not_o rise_v as_o high_a as_o the_o water_n but_o from_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n together_o with_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v equiponderant_a with_o the_o atmosphere_n incumbent_a it_o rise_v no_o high_o so_o that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v less_o condense_v when_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o mercury_n yet_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o mercury_n make_v a_o great_a resistance_n than_o water_n the_o external_a air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o buoy_v it_o up_o any_o high_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n enclose_v and_o this_o experiment_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a for_o have_v expel_v a_o little_a air_n out_o of_o the_o bubble_n by_o heat_n so_o much_o quicksilver_n ascend_v into_o it_o as_o fill_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v careful_o remove_v so_o that_o no_o mercury_n can_v run_v out_o we_o cause_v the_o air_n in_o the_o globous_a part_n to_o be_v rarify_v till_o almost_o all_o the_o mercury_n be_v expel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v all_o the_o while_n immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n include_v begin_v to_o cool_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ball_n buoy_v up_o the_o mercury_n before_o it_o whereit_n be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rarify_v and_o the_o quicksilver_n exepl_v out_o of_o the_o stem_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n will_v proportionable_o vary_v so_o that_o as_o the_o body_n to_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o external_n air_n vary_v in_o weight_n so_o do_v the_o degree_n of_o its_o ascent_n another_o observation_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o circulation_n of_o wind_n such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n be_v that_o smoak_n will_v ascend_v without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o blow_v about_o but_o since_o mr._n hobbs_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o assert_n that_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o close_a and_o solid_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v expel_v the_o air_n by_o rarefaction_n out_o of_o a_o very_a thin_a aeopile_n and_o stop_v the_o orifice_n up_o with_o wax_n the_o external_n air_n make_v such_o a_o violent_a pressure_n on_o it_o as_o to_o thrust_v the_o side_n of_o it_o considerable_o inward_o chap._n vii_o the_o cause_n of_o attraction_n by_o suction_n what_o attraction_n what_o suction_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o attraction_n before_o i_o descend_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v premise_v something_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o attraction_n be_v general_o take_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o pulsion_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o the_o same_o local_a motion_n in_o which_o if_o a_o body_n move_v precede_v the_o movent_fw-la or_o tend_v to_o acquire_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o we_o call_v it_o pulsion_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o motion_n the_o same_o body_n either_o follow_v or_o tend_v towards_o the_o movent_fw-la it_o be_v term_v attraction_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o physical_a one_o but_o only_o accidental_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o line_n of_o motion_n to_o the_o movent_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n draw_v a_o chain_n after_o he_o though_o he_o go_v before_o it_o yet_o he_o have_v some_o part_n of_o his_o body_n behind_o one_o link_n which_o draw_v the_o rest_n after_o it_o and_o so_o if_o that_o chain_n draw_v any_o thing_n after_o it_o though_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o attraction_n go_v before_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a cohesion_n of_o part_n that_o enable_v it_o to_o drag_v that_o body_n after_o it_o so_o that_o attraction_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o species_n of_o pulsion_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v usual_o term_a trusion_n as_o when_o a_o gardener_n drive_v his_o wheelbarrow_n before_o he_o without_o let_v go_v his_o hold._n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v attraction_n where_o it_o can_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o attrahent_fw-la come_v behind_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n attract_v as_o in_o magnetical_a and_o electrical_a attraction_n or_o as_o when_o water_n rise_v by_o pump_v as_o for_o the_o two_o first_o instance_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o modern_a philosopher_n of_o screw_v particle_n and_o other_o magnetical_a emission_n we_o may_v say_v that_o these_o come_n behind_o either_o the_o body_n attract_v or_o it_o be_v porous_a part_n on_o its_o superficies_n may_v cause_v such_o a_o effect_n or_o by_o procure_v some_o discussion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o may_v make_v it_o thrust_v the_o movable_a towards_o the_o attract_v body_n but_o be_v there_o none_o of_o these_o nor_o any_o other_o subtle_a agent_n that_o cause_n this_o motion_n by_o a_o real_a though_o unperceived_a pulsion_n i_o shall_v to_o distinguish_v these_o from_o other_o attraction_n term_v they_o attraction_n by_o invisibles_n but_o as_o for_o the_o last_o instance_n i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o ascend_a rammer_n only_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o rise_v as_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o external_n air_n for_o from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o since_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v continual_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o in_o any_o part_n that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o incumbent_n atmospherical_a pillar_n will_v buoy_v up_o as_o much_o of_o that_o liquor_n as_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o such_o a_o diameter_n be_v able_a to_o counterpoise_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o air_n from_o about_o a_o syringe_n be_v exhaust_v the_o sucker_n may_v be_v pull_v up_o without_o elevate_a the_o water_n or_o draw_v it_o up_o after_o it_o and_o indeed_o suppose_v two_o man_n by_o thrust_v equal_o on_o each_o side_n a_o door_n to_o keep_v it_o shut_v one_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o he_o that_o leave_v off_o thrust_v on_o one_o side_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o door_n open_v as_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v by_o the_o draw_v up_o the_o rammer_n which_o only_o give_v way_n to_o the_o water_n as_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o external_n air._n thus_o much_o be_v say_v of_o attraction_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v exanune_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n as_o lay_v down_o by_o other_o exanune_v that_o species_n of_o it_o call_v suction_n for_o which_o several_a philosopher_n have_v think_v on_o various_a cause_n as_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o be_v it_o true_a water_n by_o suction_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o any_o height_n but_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v raise_v above_o 33_o ½_n foot_n which_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o further_o from_o a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o lay_v down_o where_o though_o water_n may_v present_o be_v suck_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pipe_n 3_o foot_n long_o yet_o

mercury_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v buoy_v up_o so_o high_a it_o will_v not_o be_v elevate_v high_a than_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o but_o those_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o allow_v not_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n to_o a_o impulse_n or_o propagation_n of_o motion_n by_o the_o dilation_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n the_o dilate_a thorax_n propagate_v the_o impulse_n till_o it_o reach_v successive_o the_o body_n suck_v for_o such_o think_v the_o universe_n total_o a_o plenum_fw-la think_v that_o such_o matter_n not_o find_v any_o other_o place_n to_o move_v into_o do_v upon_o that_o score_n buoy_v up_o the_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v and_o comparative_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o impulse_n the_o thorax_n by_o dilate_v can_v make_v it_o will_v scarce_o be_v think_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o one_o will_v compress_v the_o whole_a air_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o impel_v the_o body_n suck_v vigorous_o enough_o to_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n which_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o by_o suction_n but_o the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n evident_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o by_o suction_n the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o consequent_o it_o must_v rise_v and_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o the_o stagnant_a water_n to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n and_o to_o refute_v the_o other_o i_o have_v mention_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n a_o small_a bubble_n with_o a_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o when_o the_o air_n be_v force_v out_o by_o rarefaction_n the_o stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n where_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o go_v into_o the_o bubble_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n those_o that_o say_v so_o allow_v dari_fw-la vacuum_n and_o subvert_v their_o own_o principle_n and_o as_o for_o the_o plenist_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n we_o may_v ask_v they_o what_o become_v of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n and_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v since_o be_v the_o world_n a_o absolute_a plenum_fw-la before_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o it_o without_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o empty_a space_n within_o to_o receive_v the_o water_n beside_o if_o they_o say_v the_o external_a air_n be_v condense_v and_o compress_v by_o that_o which_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n occasion_n the_o re-ingress_n of_o water_n when_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v that_o a_o cubic_n inch_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o place_n the_o bubble_n be_v evacuate_v in_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o press_v the_o water_n thus_o in_o again_o but_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v account_v for_o without_o these_o difficulty_n since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n within_o the_o bubble_n be_v disproportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o less_o rarify_v ambient_fw-la air_n it_o must_v consequent_o yield_v to_o it_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o water_n prove_v our_o own_o opinion_n propose_v and_o prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o appear_v what_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v which_o that_o i_o may_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n by_o suction_n in_o a_o word_n depend_v on_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o tube_n what_o that_o pressure_n depend_v on_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v in_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v what_o we_o teach_v of_o suction_n we_o take_v then_o a_o crooked_a syphon_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o long_o which_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v and_o so_o much_o water_n convey_v into_o the_o crooked_a end_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o both_o leg_n so_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o possess_v a_o inch_n and_o ½_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o by_o all_o the_o force_n and_o reiterated_a suction_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n high_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o that_o for_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v so_o far_o weaken_a that_o it_o can_v not_o depress_v the_o water_n subjacent_a the_o water_n keep_v at_o the_o same_o station_n be_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v not_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o at_o first_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n it_o be_v present_o depress_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n condense_v till_o the_o water_n likewise_o rise_v in_o that_o to_o its_o first_o station_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n about_o suction_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n our_o hypothesis_n reduce_v to_o proposition_n i._o that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o as_o it_o have_v weight_n nor_o elastacity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o elevation_n ii_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v up_o liquor_n by_o suction_n iii_o that_o in_o some_o case_n suction_n will_v not_o be_v make_v as_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n i_o dissent_v from_o it_o shall_v although_o there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o sucker_n thorax_n and_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n though_o the_o liquor_n shall_v ascend_v prove_v the_o first_o proposition_n prove_v to_o make_v out_o the_o first_o proposition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o take_v a_o invert_v tube_n such_o as_o be_v former_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n but_o something_o long_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n stand_v above_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a barometer_n and_o then_o one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o short_a leg_n upon_o which_o the_o mercury_n subside_v in_o the_o long_o and_z rise_v in_o the_o short_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n depress_v the_o subjacent_a and_o raise_v that_o when_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o prove_v the_o second_o proposition_n prove_v as_o for_o the_o second_o proposition_n lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v liquor_n in_o suction_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o travel_a baroscope_n for_o have_v get_v a_o baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v something_o long_a than_o ordinary_a we_o cause_v one_o by_o suction_n to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o we_o mark_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v in_o the_o long_o which_o be_v do_v we_o unseal_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n 5_o inch_n confirm_v the_o three_o confirm_v for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n lay_v down_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoun_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v 2_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n we_o open_v the_o end_n of_o the_o long_o upon_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v add_v to_o the_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n have_v the_o like_a success_n to_o

first_o on_o the_o statical_a baroscope_n one_o may_v foretell_v whether_o in_o the_o mercurial_a baroscope_n the_o water_n be_v high_a or_o low_a but_o of_o all_o the_o season_n we_o make_v our_o observation_n in_o the_o most_o frequent_a change_n be_v in_o the_o spring_n this_o statical_a baroscope_n have_v exact_o answer_v upon_o frequent_a observation_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n concern_v the_o instrument_n and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o i_o proceed_v in_o make_v this_o baroscope_n 1._o that_o the_o glass_n bubble_n and_o its_o glass_n counterpoise_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o bulk_n the_o bubble_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n big_a than_o the_o counterpoise_n 2._o if_o body_n of_o equal_a weight_n and_o unequal_a bulk_n be_v weigh_v in_o another_o medium_fw-la the_o aequilibrium_fw-la will_v be_v lose_v for_o if_o the_o new_a medium_fw-la be_v heavy_a the_o body_n who_o dimension_n be_v large_a will_v be_v light_a than_o before_o and_o vice_n 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2_o 100_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v according_a to_o dr_n wallis_n his_o computation_n to_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v when_o expanded_a as_o 1_o to_o 1350._o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o mere_a cold_a and_o its_o compression_n without_o mechanichal_n engine_n etc._n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n by_o cold_a etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v condense_v by_o mere_a cold_a when_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v not_o pre-affected_n it_o i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n in_o autumn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n about_o noon_n on_o a_o sun-shiny_a day_n we_o place_v a_o bolt_n head_n in_o a_o frame_n so_o that_o the_o stem_n be_v

perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o immerse_v in_o water_n this_o do_v we_o cover_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o bay-salt_n upon_o which_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v condense_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o stem_n and_o stand_v a_o good_a while_n then_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n at_o its_o high_a station_n we_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o yield_v ℥_o 19_o and_o ʒuj_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o fill_v the_o stem_n up_o to_o the_o mark_n being_n ℥_o j_o and_o ʒiij_fw-la by_o which_o number_n the_o former_a be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n be_v 14_o 4_o 11_o drachm_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o two_o quantity_n be_v as_o 11_o to_o 158_o the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v be_v to_o it_o be_v former_a space_n as_o 147_o to_o 158_o so_o that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o condensation_n it_o be_v then_o capable_a 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air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o 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experiment_n i._n copper_n change_v of_o colour_n in_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n file_n of_o crude_a copper_n be_v put_v into_o a_o crystal_n glass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o stand_v a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o file_n we_o cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o a_o stopple_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o copper_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_n but_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o colour_n and_o be_v clear_a again_o like_o common_a water_n but_o when_o by_o take_v out_o the_o stopple_n the_o liquor_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o first_o acquire_v a_o brown_a colour_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o penetrate_a deep_a into_o the_o liquor_n by_o degree_n it_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v whole_o tinge_v with_o a_o brown_a colour_n again_o and_o so_o it_o successive_o lay_v down_o and_o re-acquired_a that_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o or_o expose_v to_o 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experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o

fortissimo_fw-la vitreo_fw-la ponantur_fw-la ad_fw-la ignem_fw-la arenae_fw-la donec_fw-la vitrum_fw-la optime_fw-la incalescat_fw-la &_o praedicta_fw-la solvantur_fw-la &_o liquentur_fw-la instar_fw-la picis_fw-la quod_fw-la observabitur_fw-la quando_fw-la filum_fw-la quoddam_fw-la immittitur_fw-la in_o fundum_fw-la quod_fw-la extractum_fw-la postea_fw-la instar_fw-la terebinthinae_fw-la trahetur_fw-la ubi_fw-la satis_fw-la coctum_fw-la erit_fw-la postea_fw-la remove_n vitrum_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la &_o subtiliter_fw-la pulverisa_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la usum_fw-la serva_fw-la another_o eminent_a physician_n preserve_v himself_o from_o the_o plague_n by_o take_v every_o morning_n a_o little_a sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea_n water_n and_o in_o another_o plague_n i_o know_v two_o recover_v with_o a_o conserve_v make_v of_o goat_n rue_n cease_v why_o the_o plague_n sometime_o unexpected_o cease_v but_o further_a beside_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v on_o it_o be_v not_o less_o disagreeable_a with_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o sometime_o the_o plague_n unexpected_o cease_v since_o those_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o continue_v the_o infection_n cease_v to_o be_v emit_v from_o the_o earth_n those_o in_o the_o air_n be_v soon_o spend_v and_o sweep_v away_o with_o the_o wind_n which_z effluvia_fw-la may_v cease_v to_o be_v emit_v either_o because_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o other_o effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o earth_n which_o correct_v they_o or_o because_o they_o primary_o rise_v from_o a_o conflict_n and_o agitation_n depend_v on_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o two_o body_n which_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n pour_v on_o file_n of_o iron_n or_o aquafortis_n on_o salt_n of_o tartar_n emit_v fume_n less_o plentiful_o as_o the_o ebullition_n decline_v and_o that_o noxious_a exhalation_n may_v be_v correct_v by_o a_o combination_n of_o other_o as_o pernicious_a not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v but_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o note_v that_o though_o spirit_n of_o salt-peter_n will_v corrode_v silver_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v add_v to_o it_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o quality_n proposition_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o most_o of_o the_o disease_n that_o even_o physician_n call_v new_a one_o be_v cause_v either_o chief_o or_o concurrent_o by_o subterraneal_a steam_n steam_n new_a disease_n cause_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n by_o new_a distemper_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v not_o every_o one_o that_o vary_v a_o little_a in_o symptom_n from_o the_o same_o sort_n at_o another_o time_n but_o such_o as_o at_o their_o appearance_n be_v by_o their_o symptom_n altogether_o unknown_a that_o these_o distemper_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o intemperate_a and_o manifest_a quality_n of_o the_o air_n nor_o on_o the_o influence_n of_o those_o heavenly_a body_n that_o move_v about_o we_o seem_v evident_a because_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v too_o indeterminate_a and_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n much_o more_o frequent_a than_o the_o access_n of_o new_a distemper_n but_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v under_o the_o three_o proposition_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o globe_n we_o inhabit_v abound_v with_o various_a noxious_a mineral_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o various_a conflux_n conflict_n and_o dissipation_n and_o which_o by_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la may_v infect_v the_o air_n and_o cause_v new_a disease_n which_o may_v continue_v according_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o durable_a so_o manna_n for_o these_o two_o or_o three_o age_n have_v be_v find_v on_o certain_a tree_n which_o faculty_n of_o produce_v manna_n they_o still_o retain_v yet_o have_v it_o not_o before_o vapour_n experiment_n to_o show_v that_o metal_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n and_o to_o render_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v mineral_n effluvia_fw-la more_o probable_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o malleable_a metal_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n into_o the_o air_n and_o become_v part_n of_o fume_n or_o perhaps_o of_o invisible_a vapour_n or_o even_o of_o flame_n itself_o experiment_n i._n distil_v dantisic_n vitriol_n and_o sea_n salt_n distil_v have_v powder_v three_o pound_n of_o dantsic_n vitriol_n and_o two_o of_o sea-salt_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o strong_a naked_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o blue_a spirit_n of_o salt_n beside_o which_o there_o rise_v a_o powder_n of_o a_o cupreous_a and_o martial_a nature_n which_o settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n ii_o salt_n english_a vitriol_n and_o sea_n salt_n the_o former_a experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o english_a instead_o of_o dantsic_n vitriol_n we_o obtain_v a_o yellow_a spirit_n with_o a_o yellow_a powder_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o crocus_n martis_n experiment_n iii_o copper_n mercury_n sublimate_n and_o copper_n we_o cast_v thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n into_o a_o retort_n upon_o a_o double_a weight_n of_o good_a mercury_n sublimate_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o receiver_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a fire_n we_o obtain_v some_o run_a mercury_n and_o some_o sublimate_n which_o have_v not_o fasten_v upon_o the_o copper_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o retort_n we_o find_v a_o weighty_a brittle_a and_o resinous_a substance_n fusible_a and_o inflammable_a almost_o like_o seal_v wax_n this_o be_v beat_v and_o expose_v for_o some_o time_n to_o the_o air_n turn_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o verdigreese_v which_o give_v a_o green_a tincture_n to_o spirit_n of_o salt_n this_o be_v distil_v ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la several_a time_n till_o full_o impregnate_v with_o the_o spirit_n it_o be_v mix_v with_o triple_o and_o with_o a_o strong_a fire_n afford_v a_o colourless_a liquor_n like_o water_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n turn_v blue_a experiment_n 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may_v affect_v we_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o any_o body_n we_o here_o have_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n and_o though_o the_o

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take_v off_o they_o emit_v steam_n copious_o by_o which_o in_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o suffer_v a_o manifest_a decrement_n of_o weight_n air._n argument_n to_o prove_v latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n but_o to_o reassume_v the_o discourse_n we_o have_v make_v this_o digression_n from_o i_o shall_v urge_v some_o argument_n à_fw-la posteriori_fw-la which_o favour_n what_o i_o propose_v concern_v these_o latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n and_o first_o i_o shall_v urge_v the_o appear_a growth_n of_o some_o salt_n in_o body_n which_o usual_o afford_v they_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o in_o such_o plenty_n vitriolate_v efflorescences_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v after_o sometime_o on_o the_o glister_a part_n of_o marchasite_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o dry_a room_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o heavy_a ponderous_a mineral_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n become_v so_o brittle_a that_o it_o will_v crimble_a away_o and_o 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in_o which_o we_o breath_n which_o encompass_n the_o terraqueous_a globe_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n so_o different_a from_o aether_n or_o vacuum_n that_o it_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o well_o as_o other_o remote_a luminary_n title_n ii_o of_o the_o constant_a and_o permanent_a ingredient_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o naure_n of_o the_o air._n by_o air_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o mean_v such_o artificial_a and_o temporary_a air_n as_o usual_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n when_o one_o that_o be_v furnish_v with_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o a_o sufficient_a heat_n and_o then_o condense_n into_o water_n again_o but_o common_a air_n which_o be_v permanent_a and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o kind_n of_o particle_n the_o first_o be_v effluvia_fw-la from_o several_a substance_n belong_v to_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n the_o second_o be_v the_o magnetical_a 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aegrè_fw-la impellitur_fw-la lamilla_fw-la illa_fw-la cum_fw-la vase_n connectatur_fw-la &_o non_fw-la nisi_fw-la versato_fw-la manubrio_fw-la adduci_fw-la atque_fw-la reduci_fw-la embolus_fw-la poterit_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la satis_fw-la lentè_fw-fr perficietur_fw-la rem_fw-la claritatis_fw-la gratia_n in_fw-la fonte_fw-la pneumatico_n explicemus_fw-la sit_fw-la vas_fw-la a._n b._n ex_fw-la materia_fw-la metallica_fw-la in_fw-la cujus_fw-la superiore_fw-la parte_fw-la labrum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la perforamen_fw-la a._n immittatur_fw-la in_o vas_fw-la aqua_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la impleatur_fw-la aqua_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o vas_fw-la modice_fw-la inclinatum_fw-la descendens_fw-la aerem_fw-la expellet_fw-la per_fw-la tubulum_fw-la c._n d._n ubi_fw-la satis_fw-la aquae_fw-la immissum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la occludatur_fw-la foramen_fw-la a._n diligentissime_fw-la cochleola_n congrùente_fw-la &_o convoluto_fw-la epistomio_n e._n tubus_n d._n c._n sit_fw-la aeri_fw-la impervius_fw-la ad_fw-la vasis_fw-la latus_fw-la statuatur_fw-la modiolus_fw-la cum_fw-la embolo_fw-la congruente_fw-la h._n i._n &_o emboli_fw-la hastula_n sit_fw-la connexa_fw-la cum_fw-la mobili_fw-la vasi_fw-la ansa_fw-la h._n o._n porro_fw-la hastula_n h._n k._n perforata_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o continuo_fw-la ductu_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la emboli_fw-la k._n f._n fundum_fw-la pateat_fw-la aeri_fw-la ingredienti_fw-la via_fw-la h._n s._n sed_fw-la foramini_fw-la s._n adjecta_fw-la sit_fw-la valvula_n quae_fw-la aeri_fw-la regressum_fw-la obstruat_fw-la similiter_fw-la modioli_fw-it fundo_fw-la in_fw-la i._o valvula_n exterius_fw-la apposita_fw-la aperiatur_fw-la ingesto_fw-la aeri_fw-la transitum_fw-la praebens_fw-la sed_fw-la aeri_fw-la intra_fw-la vas_fw-la compresso_fw-la cum_fw-la nusquam_fw-la exitus_fw-la pateat_fw-la valvula_n ipsa_fw-la modioli_fw-it foramen_fw-la i_o occludit_fw-la hastulae_fw-la verò_fw-la h._n k._n exterior_a fancy_n sit_v in_o helicem_fw-la striata_fw-la &_o lamellae_fw-la m._n n._n tanquam_fw-la matrici_fw-la congruat_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o m_n &_o n._n cochleolis_n adnecti_fw-la queat_fw-la exteriùs_fw-la vasi_fw-la quasi_fw-la esset_fw-la ansae_fw-la fulcrum_fw-la vbi_fw-la immissum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quantum_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la aquae_fw-la cochleolis_n m_o &_o n._n revolutis_fw-la disjungatur_fw-la matrix_fw-la à_fw-la vase_n tum_fw-la attractâ_fw-la ansâ_fw-la h._n o._n una_fw-la cum_fw-la lamella_fw-la m._n n._n attrahitur_fw-la embotus_fw-la k._n s._n &_o per_fw-la apertum_fw-la ductum_fw-la h._n s._n ingreditur_fw-la aer_fw-la modiolum_fw-la implens_fw-la impulso_fw-la deinde_fw-la embolo_fw-la valvula_n ad_fw-la s._n clauditur_fw-la &_o aer_fw-la ex_fw-la modiolo_fw-la per_fw-la patentem_fw-la valvulam_fw-la i._o ingreditur_fw-la in_o vas_n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la nequit_fw-la exire_fw-la neque_fw-la aquam_fw-la propellere_fw-la clauso_fw-la scilicet_fw-la epistomio_n &_o foramine_fw-la a._n quapropter_fw-la comprimitur_fw-la &_o densatur_fw-la ideoque_fw-la attracto_fw-la denuo_fw-la embolo_fw-la k._n s._n inclusus_fw-la vasi_fw-la aer_fw-la se_fw-la latius_fw-la explicare_fw-la conniten_n valvulam_fw-la l._n f._n valide_fw-la applicat_fw-la foramini_fw-la modioli_fw-it sibique_fw-la exitum_fw-la obstruit_fw-la toties_fw-la adducitur_fw-la atque_fw-la reducitur_fw-la embolus_fw-la &_o aer_fw-la ingeritur_fw-la quoad_fw-la magna_fw-la premendi_fw-la difficultas_fw-la percipiatur_fw-la ubi_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la tunc_fw-la lamella_fw-la m._n n._n iterum_fw-la vasi_fw-la adnectatur_fw-la suis_fw-la cochleosis_n nec_fw-la jam_fw-la embolus_fw-la recta_fw-la adduci_fw-la queat_fw-la sed_fw-la areptum_fw-la in_o o._n manubrium_fw-la versatur_fw-la &_o embolus_fw-la intra_fw-la modiolum_fw-la circumactus_fw-la sensim_fw-la attollitur_fw-la qui_fw-la deinde_fw-la revoluto_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la manubrio_fw-la deprimitur_fw-la &_o multa_fw-la vi_fw-la aer_fw-la in_o vase_n comprimitur_fw-la laxato_fw-mi demum_fw-la epistomio_n e._n compressus_fw-la in_o vase_n aer_fw-la aquam_fw-la

exprimit_fw-la per_fw-la tubum_fw-la c._n d._n primum_fw-la quidem_fw-la vehementius_fw-la subinde_fw-la remissius_fw-la prout_fw-la aeris_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la sensim_fw-la conquescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la intra_fw-la vas_n comprimendo_fw-la ad_fw-la aquam_fw-la evibrandum_fw-la comminisci_fw-la placuit_fw-la servatâ_fw-la analogiâ_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la tum_fw-la conatu_fw-la manûs_fw-la rectâ_fw-la trusillum_fw-la impellentis_fw-la tum_fw-la open_a cochleae_fw-la similiter_fw-la conformatae_fw-la intra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la comprimendo_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la fistula_n deinde_fw-la multa_fw-la vi_fw-la emittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la ubi_fw-la reseratus_fw-la aeri_fw-la exitus_fw-la illum_fw-la subito_fw-la dilatari_fw-la permiserit_fw-la quin_n &_o pneumatica_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi citra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la aeris_fw-la compressi_fw-la construere_fw-la non_fw-la inutile_fw-la accidat_fw-la si_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la nostrate_v pveri_fw-la surculos_fw-la sambuceos_fw-la fungosa_fw-la medulla_n exhauriunt_fw-la &_o utraque_fw-la tubuli_fw-la extremitate_fw-la papyraceis_n globulis_fw-la obstructa_fw-la alterum_fw-la globulum_n congruo_fw-la cylindro_fw-la propellunt_fw-la atque_fw-la inclusum_fw-la aerem_fw-la densant_fw-fr quoad_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la &_o impellentis_fw-la manûs_fw-la conatum_fw-la non_fw-la ferens_fw-la extremus_fw-la alter_fw-la globulus_n edito_fw-la scloppo_fw-it expellatur_fw-la ita_fw-la ferream_fw-la fistulam_fw-la longiorem_fw-la paraveris_fw-la cujus_fw-la alteri_fw-la extremitati_fw-la immittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la obducta_fw-la papyro_fw-la aut_fw-la simili_fw-la materia_fw-la ut_fw-la exquisitè_fw-fr tubi_n osculum_fw-la implens_fw-la demum_fw-la universam_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o excipiat_fw-la alteram_fw-la extremitatem_fw-la aliquot_fw-la spiris_fw-la ambiat_fw-la cava_fw-la cochlea_n quam_fw-la impleat_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la ferreus_fw-la in_o congruentem_fw-la cochleam_fw-it deformatus_fw-la si_fw-la enim_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la vis_fw-la brevior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quam_fw-la fistula_n &_o apto_fw-la manubrio_fw-la convolutus_fw-la in_fw-la fistulam_fw-la sensim_fw-la immittatur_fw-la totum_fw-la aerem_fw-la quo_fw-la fistula_n replebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la exiguas_fw-la spatii_fw-la angustias_fw-la adiget_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la magna_fw-la vi_fw-la demum_fw-la qua_fw-la data_fw-la porta_fw-la erumpens_fw-la ejacul_fw-la abitur_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la globulum_n casati_n mechanicorum_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 5._o p._n 792._o 793._o etc._n etc._n tittle_n v._o of_o the_o magnetical_a particle_n in_o the_o air._n title_n vi_o of_o the_o destruction_n generation_n absorpsion_n and_o extrication_n of_o the_o air._n air._n concern_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n air_n be_v a_o body_n not_o only_o concern_v in_o agreat_a many_o phenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o likewise_o so_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n be_v think_v it_o of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o thy_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v artificial_o prepare_v and_o obtain_v from_o body_n which_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o abound_v with_o air_n for_o can_v it_o be_v do_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v considerable_a in_o help_v to_o explain_v several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o preserve_v divers_a much_o long_o under_o water_n to_o try_v therefore_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v and_o whether_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v air_n be_v true_o so_o i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n take_v a_o durable_a springiness_n or_o elasticity_n as_o the_o criterion_n by_o which_o i_o shall_v judge_v whether_o the_o air_n generate_v be_v genuine_a or_o not_o experiment_n i._n jan._n 17._o steel_n air_n generate_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n file_n of_o steel_n and_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o be_v seal_v at_o both_o end_n but_o with_o a_o hole_n open_v near_o one_o of_o they_o be_v coveigh_v into_o a_o long_a and_o large_a tube_n so_o much_o water_n be_v put_v in_o with_o they_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o dilute_v the_o oil_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o external_n tube_n and_o the_o water_n exhaust_v till_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v so_o far_o raise_v in_o the_o open_a leg_n that_o little_o remain_v in_o the_o seal_a leg_n we_o close_v up_o the_o external_n tube_n exact_o and_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v cause_v to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o internal_a tube_n by_o act_v upon_o the_o metal_n it_o cause_v several_a bubble_n and_o a_o sensible_a heat_n when_o this_o conflict_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n so_o much_o air_n be_v generate_v as_o depress_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o open_a leg_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o raise_v it_o so_o much_o in_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v more_o compress_v than_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v free_a liberty_n to_o press_v against_o it_o the_o spring_n of_o this_o new_o produce_v air_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o durable_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o mercury_n at_o ●he_n same_o height_n 3_o or_o 4_o day_n and_o some_o day_n after_o a_o boy_n have_v heedless_o remove_v the_o tube_n from_o its_o usual_a station_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n ascend_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a at_o which_o height_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o of_o january_n experiment_n ii_o march_n 8._o water_n flower_n moisten_v with_o water_n a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n be_v fill_v with_o flower_n of_o wheat_n drench_v with_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n be_v close_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o strong_a cement_n after_o the_o glass_n have_v be_v place_v 13_o day_n in_o a_o warm_a place_n it_o be_v burst_v by_o the_o violent_a expansion_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n though_o the_o night_n before_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n below_o seem_v empty_a the_o taste_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n seem_v to_o i_o only_o a_o little_a sowrish_n but_o to_o another_o manifest_o acid_a experiment_n iii_o march_n 9_o water_n raisin_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o water_n bruise_a raisin_n with_o a_o little_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n when_o it_o be_v exhaust_v i_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n in_o four_o day_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o bolt-head_n be_v burst_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o raisin_n throw_v about_o experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o a_o glass_n which_o will_v hold_v about_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o raisin_n put_v into_o the_o water_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n squeeze_v out_o and_z in_o two_o day_n time_n it_o be_v so_o fill_v with_o air_n that_o we_o can_v not_o tie_v it_o up_o without_o lose_v some_o of_o the_o water_n experiment_n v._n april_n 28._o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n we_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o receiver_n fit_v with_o a_o eel-skin_n and_o a_o wire_n to_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o a_o thin_a glass_n vessel_n be_v tie_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v we_o thrust_v the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o file_n against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o break_v it_o off_o whereupon_o the_o file_n fall_v into_o the_o menstruum_fw-la a_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n be_v generate_v the_o viol_n be_v keep_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n long_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o liquor_n acquire_v not_o the_o least_o greenness_n experiment_n vi._n water_n air_n shut_v up_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o spring_n water_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n be_v leave_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a viol_n with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o fine_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o then_o invert_v into_o a_o viol_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n another_o viol_n which_o have_v a_o bubble_n in_o the_o top_n be_v fill_v with_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n and_o invert_v it_o into_o the_o the_o same_o liquor_n on_o the_o six_o day_n the_o bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n disappear_v and_o on_o the_o seven_o that_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n vanish_v experiment_n vii_o may_v 23._o spawn_n frog_n be_v spawn_n a_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v three_o year_n exhaust_v be_v open_v and_o a_o black_a opacous_a liquor_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o viol_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o stink_a smell_n but_o not_o mouldy_a it_o have_v yield_v some_o air._n experiment_n viii_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o miner_n meet_v with_o run_v water_n under_o ground_n they_o be_v by_o those_o supply_v with_o air_n enough_o for_o respiration_n though_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o stand_a water_n do_v not_o afford_v air._n experiment_n about_o the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o the_o examine_v thereof_o propose_v sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n by_o fermentation_n in_o receiver_n exact_o close_v and_o in_o

seal_a glass_n sect._n i._n to_o separate_v air_n from_o liquor_n by_o boil_v or_o by_o the_o engin._n sect._n i._n to_o obtain_v air_n by_o corrosion_n especial_o with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n sect._n i._n to_o separate_v air_n by_o sulphureous_a and_o animal_n menstruum_n sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la by_o burning-glass_n and_o hot_a iron_n sect._n i._n to_o obtain_v air_n from_o gunpowder_n and_o other_o nitrous_a substance_n sect._n ii_o the_o air_n produce_v may_v be_v examine_v by_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v preserve_v or_o revive_v 1._o animal_n 2._o flame_n 3._o fire_n 4._o the_o light_n of_o rot_a wood_n fish_n sect._n ii_o to_o examine_v its_o spring_n and_o the_o duration_n of_o it_o as_o also_o it_o be_v weight_n and_o whether_o it_o will_v help_v to_o raise_v the_o smoke_n of_o liquor_n title_n vii_o of_o the_o accidental_a or_o less_o constant_a ingredient_n of_o the_o air._n title_n viii_o of_o aqueous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o of_o its_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n dryness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n and_o dryness_n though_o dryness_n be_v a_o quality_n which_o only_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o pore_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o stable_a part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o any_o visible_a liquor_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o body_n upon_o different_a score_n first_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o body_n dry_v be_v deprive_v of_o liquid_a part_n upon_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o several_a of_o its_o operation_n depend_v second_o upon_o the_o recess_n of_o those_o part_n evaporate_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n may_v be_v so_o far_o change_v as_o to_o acquire_v a_o disposition_n to_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o be_v act_v on_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n to_o what_o it_o be_v before_o experiment_n i._n to_o evince_v the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n we_o suspend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o weight_n by_o a_o iron_n ring_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o rope_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o 3_o 10_o of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n we_o place_v a_o board_n under_o it_o so_o that_o it_o may_v just_o rest_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o rope_n to_o be_v wet_a in_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o shorten_v so_o much_o that_o the_o weight_n will_v swing_v this_o way_n and_o that_o like_o a_o pendulum_n without_o touch_v the_o board_n yet_o the_o same_o day_n the_o rope_n be_v stretch_v again_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v the_o board_n about_o morocco_n which_o be_v a_o inland_a town_n though_o the_o soil_v be_v dry_a and_o the_o heat_v violent_a in_o the_o day_n yet_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o be_v there_o that_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n be_v so_o damp_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v his_o clothes_n unfit_a to_o be_v wear_v till_o air_v yet_o though_o the_o air_n be_v very_o pierce_v neither_o the_o knife_n in_o his_o pocket_n nor_o the_o sword_n in_o his_o scabbard_n be_v subject_a to_o rust_v though_o the_o same_o metal_n expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n be_v air_n too_o moist_a can_v be_v wholesome_a the_o air_n about_o oakly_n and_o brill_n in_o buckinghamshire_n though_o a_o high_a country_n be_v so_o moist_a in_o october_n that_o the_o staircase_n and_o picture_n will_v stand_v all_o over_o dew_n which_o gather_v in_o drop_n run_v down_o in_o stream_n and_o it_o be_v obser_v that_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n side_n of_o the_o house_n be_v so_o moist_a that_o except_o the_o room_n be_v air_v often_o the_o furniture_n will_v rot_v have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o hydroscope_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o box_n to_o who_o bottom_n a_o piece_n of_o gut-string_n be_v fasten_v and_o the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o to_o a_o index_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o box_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o box_n be_v divide_v into_o degree_n or_o partition_n by_o which_o we_o can_v perceive_v that_o when_o moist_a vapour_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o lutestring_n it_o will_v be_v wreathe_v and_o twist_v up_o and_o the_o index_n will_v be_v move_v that_o way_n which_o the_o twist_a of_o the_o rope_n incline_v it_o and_o when_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a it_o will_v return_v back_o the_o other_o way_n experiment_n ii_o one_o of_o these_o hygroscope_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o index_n do_v not_o sensible_o alter_v its_o place_n in_o a_o long_a time_n till_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o from_o which_o experiment_n and_o some_o other_o try_v with_o a_o thermoscope_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o aether_n or_o that_o subtle_a matter_n which_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v neither_o hot_a cold_a moist_a nor_o dry_a title_n ix_o of_o cloud_n mist_n and_o fog_n fog_n of_o cloud_n mist_n and_o fog_n a_o excellent_a astronomer_n tell_v i_o that_o of_o all_o the_o white_a cloud_n who_o height_n he_o have_v measure_v in_o fair_a wether_n he_o find_v none_o to_o exceed_v ¾_n quart_n of_o a_o mile_n and_o very_o few_o above_o ½_n a_o mile_n a_o mist_n at_o sea_n drive_v towards_o the_o shoar_n without_o any_o sensible_a wind_n cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o than_o a_o brisk_a wind._n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v observe_v that_o mist_n in_o some_o place_n rise_v about_o 30_o foot_n high_a have_v fall_v down_o in_o a_o dew_n again_o title_n x_o of_o terrestrial_a steam_n in_o the_o air._n effluvia_fw-la of_o terrestrial_a effluvia_fw-la pillar_n of_o fume_n have_v be_v divers_a time_n observe_v to_o rise_v from_o ground_n which_o have_v several_a vein_n of_o different_a metal_n in_o it_o some_o ill_n scent_v some_o well_o scent_v and_o other_o inodorous_a and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o charcoal_n make_v in_o cornwall_n afford_v a_o manifest_a arsenical_a and_o sulphureous_a smell_n beyond_o other_o charcoal_n 1685._o jcournal_n des_fw-fr s_o avary_a iii_o 1685._o tell_v est_fw-fr par_fw-fr exemple_n ce_fw-fr nuage_n horrible_a d'une_fw-fr fumée_fw-fr epaisse_fw-fr qui_fw-fr s'eleva_fw-it de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr de_fw-fr cretee_n au_fw-fr commencement_n de_fw-fr l'eestede_n l'an_n 721._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la s'etant_fw-la repandu_fw-fr dans_fw-fr l'air_fw-fr le_fw-fr fit_a parôistre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr en_fw-fr feu_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr n'en_fw-fr fut_fw-fr pas_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr exempte_n car_fw-fr les_fw-fr gross_v mass_n de_fw-la pierres_fw-la enflammées_fw-fr qu'on_n en_fw-fr vit_fw-fr sortier_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la joignirent_fw-la all_o '_o isle_n qu'on_n nomme_n hiera_n échauferent_a si_fw-fr fort_fw-fr les_fw-fr eau_fw-fr qu'elles_fw-fr en_fw-fr bruloient_fw-fr les_fw-fr mane_n title_n xi_o of_o salt_n in_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o air._n though_o the_o peripatetic_n teach_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o element_n and_o consequent_o a_o pure_a simple_a body_n who_o quality_n be_v moist_a and_o dry_a yet_o from_o what_o we_o have_v already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o various_a kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la jumble_v and_o mix_v together_o i_o mean_v the_o air_n distinct_a from_o that_o pure_a substance_n aether_n which_o i_o suppose_v diffuse_v through_o the_o interstellar_n part_n of_o the_o universe_n among_o the_o effluvia_fw-la which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o air_n i_o account_v saline_n once_o the_o chief_a which_o be_v not_o unlikely_a since_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n which_o continual_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la abound_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o marine_n aluminous_a and_o vitriolate_a salt_n which_o impregnate_n the_o air_n beside_o several_a exhalation_n raise_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n not_o to_o mention_v several_a other_o saline_n vapour_n which_o be_v disperse_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o arise_v from_o vulcanos_fw-la as_o well_o as_o common_a fire_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o air_n plentiful_o abound_v with_o saline_n effluvia_fw-la so_o very_o likely_a beside_o nitrous_a there_o be_v other_o kind_n raise_v up_o and_o rove_a about_o in_o it_o as_o common_a salt_n and_o vitriolate_a salt_n and_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n abound_v with_o vitriolate_a salt_n be_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o hinge_n have_v be_v corrode_v and_o rot_v and_o other_o thing_n prejudice_v upon_o a_o vitriolate_a soil_n whereas_o in_o house_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o chalky_a soil_n no_o such_o effect_n be_v observe_v beside_o on_o the_o vitriolate_a ground_n we_o take_v notice_n of_o saline_n and_o white_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o soil_n when_o beat_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n beside_o which_o kind_n

influence_n or_o effluvium_n in_o the_o air._n sir_n air_n celestical_a effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o air_n in_o order_n to_o discover_v the_o several_a affection_n of_o winy_a liquor_n and_o the_o several_a distemper_n incident_a to_o they_o and_o how_o to_o preserve_v they_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v temperature_n and_o motion_n and_o this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o beg_v our_o friend_n assistance_n who_o will_v do_v well_o to_o make_v some_o progress_n in_o perfect_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n for_o if_o that_o be_v not_o clear_a we_o can_v be_v free_a from_o error_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o calculation_n and_o if_o we_o be_v mistake_v in_o these_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v either_o their_o place_n in_o the_o heaven_n or_o their_o aspect_n and_o consequent_o the_o phisical_a way_n of_o their_o motion_n must_v be_v uncertain_a and_o of_o no_o use_n or_o advantage_n but_o though_o by_o some_o they_o 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thunder_a or_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v use_v by_o nature_n to_o produce_v these_o two_o general_a effect_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n if_o not_o whole_o depend_v upon_o and_o be_v altogether_o regulate_v by_o the_o course_n and_o aspect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o will_v not_o be_v irrational_a to_o teach_v that_o every_o one_o of_o those_o emit_v ray_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o have_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o those_o different_a effect_n on_o our_o atmosphere_n the_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o they_o but_o likewise_o our_o spirit_n and_o other_o humour_n who_o part_n by_o the_o impression_n of_o these_o subtle_a ray_n may_v acquire_v a_o new_a determinate_a motion_n and_o consequent_o be_v alter_v whence_o may_v arise_v convulsion_n cramp_n lameness_n etc._n etc._n according_o as_o the_o humour_n influenence_v by_o they_o be_v different_o act_v on_o and_o dispose_v to_o show_v their_o ill_a effect_n in_o this_o or_o that_o part._n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o considerable_a import_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o husbandry_n garden_v as_o well_o as_o physic_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n as_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n by_o keep_v exact_a diàry_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o change_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o the_o mutual_a aspect_n place_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n beside_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a conduce_v to_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o country_n and_o particular_a place_n but_o in_o institute_v and_o perfect_a observation_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o be_v not_o yet_o furnish_v with_o thermometer_n sufficient_o improve_v for_o first_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o acquaint_v what_o proportion_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n ought_v to_o bear_v to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o head_n to_o make_v our_o observation_n of_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o air_n regular_a second_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v what_o length_n the_o cylinder_n ought_v to_o be_v nor_o have_v it_o as_o yet_o be_v well_o graduate_v 16_o be_v the_o great_a number_n whereas_o to_o make_v observation_n on_o the_o more_o minute_n alteration_n every_o inch_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o 10_o and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a into_o a_o 1000_o degree_n three_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o tell_v what_o liquor_n be_v most_o proper_a to_o make_v such_o experiment_n with_o whether_o such_o as_o attract_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v their_o first_o quantity_n such_o as_o ol._n sulph_n per_fw-la campanam_fw-la ol._n vitriol_n or_o liquor_n such_o as_o sal_fw-la tartar_n etc._n etc._n or_o whether_o liquor_n who_o part_n be_v more_o subtle_a and_o fine_a such_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o turpentine_n or_o last_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n or_o well_o refine_a quicksilver_n in_o make_v such_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o fix_v several_a glass_n in_o one_o frame_n with_o several_a sort_n of_o liquor_n in_o they_o and_o that_o observation_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o several_a room_n together_o the_o glass_n be_v neither_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n beam_n nor_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o storm_n rain_n or_o wind_n in_o the_o history_n itself_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o very_a place_n such_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o take_v notice_n whether_o the_o experiment_n be_v not_o influence_v by_o the_o air_n in_o the_o chimney_n the_o cranny_n of_o a_o wall_n or_o door_n or_o the_o breath_n of_o people_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a likewise_o to_o note_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o warmth_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o constant_a wether_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o body_n above_o it_o in_o uncertain_a wether_n how_o far_o these_o may_v foretell_v wind_n or_o rain_n the_o disposition_n of_o air_n when_o it_o thunder_v under_o time_n of_o mildew_n or_o blast_v eminent_a eclipse_n conjunction_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o java_n that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o moon_n if_o one_o stay_v long_o under_o they_o will_v cause_v contracture_n so_o that_o a_o physician_n who_o sleep_v under_o they_o have_v his_o mouth_n strange_o contort_a and_o his_o neck_n stiff_a which_o symptom_n he_o remove_v soon_o than_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o go_v off_o by_o the_o use_n of_o aromatic_a medicine_n title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n title_n xv._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o air_n and_o of_o wind_n wind._n storm_n of_o wind._n at_o porta_n nova_n nou._n 22._o 1667._o there_o be_v so_o violent_a a_o rain_n and_o wind_n that_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v ruin_v man_n and_o beast_n carry_v into_o the_o water_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o flood_n the_o town_n wall_n be_v most_o of_o it_o throw_v down_o and_o few_o tree_n leave_v stand_v i_o be_o tell_v that_o hurricane_n be_v very_o frequent_a about_o the_o island_n mauricius_n where_o one_o last_v four_o day_n in_o one_o of_o which_o it_o have_v seven_o exacerbation_n each_o of_o which_o differ_v two_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o precede_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o collision_n of_o the_o wave_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o white_a froth_n the_o day_n be_v darken_v by_o it_o and_o the_o noise_n like_v that_o of_o thunder_n so_o that_o those_o on_o the_o shroud_n can_v not_o hear_v those_o on_o the_o deck_n a_o learned_a physician_n that_o travel_v into_o america_n tell_v i_o that_o those_o country_n be_v supply_v with_o a_o constant_a wind_n from_o the_o hill_n but_o barbadoes_n which_o want_v hill_n have_v no_o such_o wind_n in_o the_o island_n of_o teneriff_n breeze_n constant_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o night_n a_o sharp_a wind_n blow_v on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o land_n seaward_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o traveller_n that_o though_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v general_o calm_a yet_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o wind_n considerable_o strong_a in_o lettere_fw-la di_fw-it venetia_n martedi_fw-la svi_fw-la li_n 29._o agosto_n 1679._o alle_fw-mi hore_n 19_o incirca_fw-la si_fw-la levoleuò_fw-la nelle_fw-it paludi_fw-la della_fw-it villa_n di_fw-it favis_fw-la del_fw-it dominio_fw-la cesareo_fw-la three_fw-mi miglia_fw-it lontana_fw-la da_fw-it palma_n nova_fw-la dominio_fw-la veneto_fw-it un_fw-it ucnto_fw-it chiamato_fw-it bissa_n bova_fw-la che_fw-it allargandosi_fw-it per_fw-la circa_fw-la cinquanta_fw-la passi_fw-la scorse_v con_fw-mi ●anto_fw-it empito_fw-la e_fw-la furore_fw-la che_fw-it portò_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la diversi_fw-la huomini_fw-la che_fw-it tagliavano_fw-it il_fw-it fieno_fw-la in_o quei_z prati_n e_fw-la anco_fw-la alcuni_fw-la carri_n carichi_fw-la di_fw-it fieno_fw-la con_fw-mi i_fw-it buovi_fw-la precipitandoli_fw-la assai_fw-la lontano_fw-la con_fw-mi la_fw-fr rovina_fw-la delli_fw-it animali_fw-la de_fw-fr carri_n e_fw-la

degli_fw-la huomini_fw-la e_fw-la passando_fw-la per_fw-la i_o campi_n sbarbicando_fw-la ogni_fw-la sort_n di_fw-it piante_fw-la le_fw-fr portò_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la gettandole_v molti_fw-la passi_fw-la lontano_fw-la rendendo_fw-la la_fw-fr terra_fw-la per_fw-la ove_z scorce_v cosi_fw-it arsa_fw-la che_fw-mi pare_v non_fw-fr vi_o sii_fw-la mai_fw-gr stata_fw-la piantata_fw-la cosa_fw-mi alcuna_fw-la arriuò_fw-la nella_fw-it villa_n decta_fw-la bagnaria_fw-la del_fw-it dominio_fw-la veneto_fw-it dove_n gettò_fw-la a_o terra_fw-la molte_fw-it case_n sino_fw-mi a_o fondamenti_fw-la et_fw-la altre_n discoperse_v e_fw-la rovinò_fw-la portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la tavole_fw-it travi_fw-la et_fw-la ogni_fw-la altra_fw-la cosa_fw-mi che_fw-it era_fw-la dentro_fw-la esse_fw-la case_n restando_fw-la mal_fw-fr trattate_n molte_fw-it person_n senza_fw-it però_fw-la la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it alcuno_fw-it fuori_fw-la di_fw-it dettata_fw-la villa_n vi_o e_fw-la una_fw-la chiesa_n chiatata_fw-la s._n tomaso_n la_fw-fr quale_fw-la resto_fw-la scoperta_fw-la e_fw-la rovinata_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la del_fw-it muro_fw-la portando_fw-la via_fw-la il_fw-it campanile_n e_o campane_n che_fw-it nel_fw-it giorno_fw-la seguente_fw-la non_fw-la erano_fw-la per_fw-la anco_fw-la trovate_v dii_fw-la lá_fw-la si_fw-la portò_fw-la verso_fw-la sevigliano_fw-it dominio_fw-la veneto_fw-it e_fw-it rovinon_fw-la tutta_fw-mi la_fw-fr campagna_n senza_fw-it danno_fw-mi però_fw-la della_fw-it villa_n stessa_n mentre_n li_n passò_fw-la poco_fw-it lontano_fw-la e_fw-la girando_fw-la poco_fw-it lungi_fw-la dalla_fw-la villa_n stessa_n spiantò_fw-la da_fw-la fondamenti_fw-la un_fw-it palazzo_n del_fw-it d._n co._n horatio_n strasoldo_n nel_fw-it quale_fw-la gli_fw-it amazzò_fw-la ogni_fw-la sort_n di_fw-it ànimali_fw-la i_o vi_o erano_fw-mi portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la li_n mobili_fw-la e_fw-it sino_fw-it le_fw-fr botti_n esterminando_n parr_n della_fw-it possessione_n non_fw-fr restorono_fw-it però_fw-la offese_fw-it person_n perch_n erano_fw-mi alla_fw-mi campagna_n a_o lavorare_fw-la e_fw-it nel_fw-it camino_fw-la getto_fw-it pure_a a_o terra_fw-la due_a altre_n case_n che_fw-it sono_fw-la nel_fw-it taglio_fw-it per_fw-la andare_n a_o strasoldo_n spiantandole_v affacto_fw-la con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it una_fw-la donna_n d'un_fw-fr fanciullo_n e_fw-la diversi_fw-la animali_fw-la diego_n la_fw-fr voltò_fw-la verso_fw-la palma_n et_fw-la arrivando_fw-la sino_fw-la alle_fw-mi mura_fw-la della_fw-it fortezz_n agirò_fw-la verso_fw-la la_fw-fr villa_n di_fw-it privano_n mezo_fw-es miglio_fw-it distante_fw-la quale_fw-la rovinò_fw-la la_fw-fr meta_fw-la spiantando_fw-la da_fw-la fondamenti_fw-la belissimi_fw-la palazzi_n portando_fw-la per_fw-la aeria_fw-la travi_fw-la tavole_fw-it et_fw-la ogni_fw-la altra_fw-la cosa_fw-mi con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it molti_fw-la quantità_fw-la di_fw-it feriti_fw-la e_fw-la diversi_fw-la strapazzati_fw-la con_fw-mi far_z alla_fw-fr campagna_n di_fw-it molto_fw-mi male_a di_fw-it poi_fw-mi scorse_v nella_fw-it villa_n di_fw-it visco_n dominio_fw-la imperiale_n e_z tra_z li_z altri_fw-la danni_fw-la fatti_fw-la roninò_fw-la tutto_fw-mi il_fw-it palazzo_n novo_fw-la del_o d._n marco_n foscolini_n gentilhuomo_n di_fw-fr cinidal_n nel_fw-it quale_fw-la essendoni_fw-la una_fw-la grand_fw-mi rimessa_fw-it da_fw-it carozze_n la_fw-fr di_fw-it cvi_fw-la porta_n havena_fw-es three_fw-mi cadenazzi_fw-fr &_o entrando_fw-la il_fw-fr turbine_fw-la per_fw-la li_n balconi_fw-la gettò_fw-la la_fw-fr carozza_n con_fw-mi tanto_fw-la empito_fw-la nella_fw-it porta_n siessa_fw-it che_fw-it la_fw-fr ruppe_n e_fw-la portò_fw-la fuori_fw-la la_fw-it caroza_fw-it tutta_fw-mi fracassata_fw-la gettandola_n sopra_fw-la un_fw-fr muro_fw-la della_fw-it corte_n assa_fw-la alto_fw-mi portando_fw-la il_fw-it cielo_fw-it della_fw-it stessa_n mezzo_fw-it miglio_fw-it lontano_fw-la e_fw-la vertò_fw-la nel_fw-it medemo_fw-la palazzo_n ferito_fw-la e_fw-la mal_fw-fr trattato_fw-it un_fw-fr seruitore_fw-la di_fw-it esso_fw-it foscolini_n di_fw-it cvi_fw-la ronino_o pure_a braida_n &_o un_fw-fr brolo_fw-la essendo_fw-la in_o detta_fw-it villa_n restati_fw-la due_a morti_fw-la e_fw-la diversi_fw-la feriti_fw-la she_o inoltrò_fw-la poi_fw-it nella_fw-it villa_n di_fw-it s._n vido_n di_fw-it crauglio_fw-it stato_fw-it imperiale_n la_fw-fr quale_fw-la rovino_fw-it tutta_fw-mi affatto_fw-it senza_fw-it restaurui_fw-it nemeno_fw-la una_fw-la casa_n portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_n coppi_n travi_fw-la legne_n sassi_fw-la e_fw-la mobili_fw-la con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it moltissime_fw-la person_n e_fw-la moltissimi_fw-la feriti_fw-la e_fw-la rovinati_fw-la et_fw-la in_o detta_fw-it villa_n non_fw-la si_fw-la può_fw-la anddare_fw-la ne_o con_v carri_n ne_o con_v cavalli_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr grande_fw-fr moltitudine_fw-la di_fw-mi rovinazzo_fw-it arbori_fw-la et_fw-la altro_fw-it che_fw-it hanno_fw-mi attaver-sato_a le_fw-fr strade_fw-mi essendo_fw-la rimassi_fw-la morti_fw-la grand_fw-mi numero_fw-la di_fw-it animali_fw-la dam_fw-la questo_fw-la luoco_fw-la si_fw-la portò_fw-la verso_fw-la villes_n villa_n imperiale_n bvona_fw-la parte_fw-la della_fw-it quale_fw-la gettò_fw-la a_o terra_fw-la andar_n al._n territorio_fw-la di_fw-it monfalcone_fw-it con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it molte_fw-it person_n et_fw-la quantità_fw-la di_fw-it animali_fw-la con_fw-mi lasciar_fw-mi le_fw-fr campagne_n per_fw-mi dove_n è_fw-la passata_fw-la senza_fw-it piante_fw-la e_fw-la come_v strada_fw-la battuta_fw-la hà_fw-la danneggiato_fw-it anco_fw-la altre_n ville_fw-fr ma_fw-fr leggiermenre_fw-fr ne_fw-la per_fw-la anco_fw-la si_fw-la sá_fw-la quello_fw-it haverà_fw-it fatto_fw-it piu_fw-it avanti_fw-la nel_fw-it detto_n territorio_fw-la questo_fw-la successo_fw-la hà_fw-it lasciato_fw-it un_fw-it spavento_fw-it grande_fw-fr in_fw-it queste_n parti_fw-la essendosi_fw-la vedute_fw-la cose_z incredibili_fw-la mentre_fw-fr piovevano_fw-la sassi_fw-la tavole_fw-it arbori_fw-la travi_fw-la coppi_n huomini_fw-la donne_fw-fr fanciulli_fw-la botti_n sorghi_o wa_z galline_a animali_fw-la et_fw-la in_o conclusione_n ciò_fw-la che_fw-it incontrava_fw-it portava_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la con_fw-mi un_fw-fr rumore_fw-la e_fw-la fracasso_fw-la così_n gradne_fw-mi che_fw-it faceva_fw-it terror_fw-la essendo_fw-la per_fw-la debt_n ville_fw-fr un_fw-fr concorso_fw-it grande_fw-fr di_fw-it popolo_fw-la vicino_fw-la per_fw-la vedere_fw-la cose_z che_fw-it si_fw-mi rendono_fw-it incredibili_fw-la i_o be_o tell_v that_o though_o the_o eastern_a wind_n blow_v near_o tangier_n about_o ¾_n of_o a_o year_n yet_o they_o reach_v not_o into_o the_o inland_a country_n where_o such_o wind_n be_v not_o common_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o mine_n near_o the_o sea_n that_o before_o south_n wind_n the_o water_n will_v be_v trouble_v but_o before_o east_n wind_n it_o will_v be_v clear_a than_o ordinary_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o mine_n be_v about_o 15_o or_o 20_o fathom_n he_o tell_v i_o likewise_o that_o the_o hurricane_n at_o goa_n come_v but_o at_o two_o season_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n and_o the_o four_o of_o october_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o sound_n and_o of_o sound_n and_o noise_n in_o the_o air_n and_o particular_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o air_n operation_n on_o the_o sound_v of_o body_n sound_n of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o sound_n upon_o the_o rise_n of_o several_a tempest_n together_o the_o sky_n seem_v cover_v over_o with_o globe_n of_o smoky_a cloud_n the_o air_n seem_v black_a and_o thick_a and_o by_o and_o by_o incessant_a lightning_n with_o terrible_a loud_a thunder_n break_v out_o ludolph_n history_n of_o aethiop_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o a_o viol._n string_n have_v be_v observe_v upon_o rainy_n weather_n to_o sound_v half_o a_o note_n sharp_a than_o before_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o same_o person_n that_o have_v keep_v false_a string_n in_o his_o pocket_n for_o some_o time_n after_o they_o become_v true_a one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n have_v observe_v that_o some_o string_n be_v apt_a to_o receive_v a_o tension_n than_o other_o title_n xvii_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n water_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cubical_a inch_n of_o water_n have_v place_v a_o hollow_a cube_n of_o brass_n every_o side_n of_o which_o be_v a_o exact_a english_a inch_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n as_o horizontal_o as_o we_o can_v it_o be_v weight_n be_v ʒxi_fw-la gr_n 1._o ss_z we_o fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n and_o then_o beside_o the_o counter-poise_n of_o the_o brass_n cube_n the_o water_n weigh_v 254_o ●_o ●_o grain_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o fill_v the_o vessel_n more_o exact_o than_o we_o do_v i_o judge_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n may_v way_n 256_o grain_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o mercury_n weigh_v in_o the_o same_o brass_n cube_n be_v 3580_o grain_n which_o be_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n as_o 14_o to_o 1_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o a_o inch_n square_a of_o air_n here_o below_o amount_v to_o 18_o l_o ½_n troy-weight_n i._n e._n 15_o l._n 1_o 17_o averdupois-weight_n as_o 11_o to_o 14._o or_o rather_o as_o 355._o to_o 452_o so_o be_v the_o area_n of_o a_o square_n inscribe_v in_o a_o circle_n to_o the_o area_n of_o the_o circumscribe_v circle_n hence_o 355_o 452_o ∷_o 1_o 1_o 2732394._o hence_o if_o the_o side_n of_o a_o circumscribe_v square_n be_v a_o inch_n that_o multiply_v by_o a_o inch_n render_v a_o cubick_a inch_n for_o the_o solid_a content_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n if_o the_o height_n of_o a_o

cylinder_n erect_v on_o the_o circumscribe_v circle_n be_v a_o inch_n the_o solid_a content_n of_o that_o cylinder_n be_v 1_o 2732394._o wherefore_o 1_o and_z 1_o 2732394_o multiply_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cubick_a inch_n of_o any_o kind_n of_o metal_n give_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cubick_a inch_n and_o of_o a_o cylindrick_n inch_n that_o circumscribe_v the_o same_o whence_o a_o inch_n table_n for_o both_o be_v easy_o make_v by_o contiunal_n addition_n or_o for_o any_o height_n propound_v multiply_v both_o by_o the_o same_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o le_z tuyan_n recourbé_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr fermé_fw-fr au_fw-fr bout_n ae_z et_fw-fr owert_n alautre_fw-fr extremité_fw-fr b._n la._n recourbure_v depuis_fw-fr g._n jusq_fw-la '_o a_fw-fr c._n estoit_fw-fr pleine_fw-fr de_fw-fr mercure_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr rest_n estoit_fw-fr plein_fw-fr d'air_fw-fr la_fw-fr longueur_fw-fr ae.c._n estoit_fw-fr 4._o pouces_n ou_fw-fr 32_o 8._o j'echauffay_n cet_fw-fr air_n et_fw-fr il_fw-fr feit_z baisser_fw-fr le_fw-fr mercure_n jusques_fw-fr en_fw-fr f._n qui_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr ⅜_n plus_fw-fr bas_fw-fr &_o en_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr temps_fw-fr il_fw-fr monta_fw-la jusq_fw-la '_o en_fw-fr h._n qui_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr ⅜_n plus_fw-fr haut_fw-fr que_fw-fr g._n ou_fw-fr c._n pour_v sçavoir_fw-fr quélle_fw-fr hatetur_fw-la de_fw-fr mercure_n auroit_fw-fr este_fw-la necessaire_fw-fr pour_fw-fr empescher_fw-fr la_fw-fr dilatation_n de_fw-fr lair_n &_o retenir_fw-fr le_fw-fr mercure_a en_fw-fr c._n je_fw-fr nay_o quá_fw-la trower_fw-fr ce_fw-fr qui_fw-fr seroit_fw-fr necessaire_fw-fr pour_fw-fr repousser_v le_fw-fr mercure_a en_fw-fr c._n etainsy_n contenir_fw-fr lair_n dans_fw-fr léspace_fw-fr ae_n c._n non_fw-la obstant_fw-la la_fw-fr chaleur_n jepose_v pour_fw-fr principe_fw-la ceque_fw-la lexperience_n fait_fw-fr voir_fw-fr cest_fw-fr que_fw-fr quand_fw-fr une_fw-fr quantitè_fw-fr dáir_fw-fr occupe_fw-fr un_fw-fr certain_a espace_fw-fr que_fw-fr jáppelle_fw-fr ae_n et_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr pression_n qui_fw-fr leretient_a dans_fw-fr cet_fw-fr espace_fw-fr soit_fw-fr b._n si_fw-la on_o vient_fw-fr a_o augmenter_n cette_fw-fr pression_n de_fw-fr telle_fw-fr quantité_fw-fr que_fw-fr lón_fw-fr voudra_fw-fr comme_fw-fr x._o on_z diminuera_fw-mi l'espace_n ae_n d'une_fw-fr certain_a quantité_fw-fr d._n laquelle_fw-fr quantité_fw-fr est_fw-fr au_fw-fr restant_n m._n come_v x_o est_fw-la a_o b._n d._n m_o ∷_o x._o b._n donc_fw-fr m._n d_o ∷_o b._n x._o il_fw-fr est_fw-fr aiséd_v áppliquer_fw-fr cette_fw-fr reigle_v à_fw-fr lexperience_n cy_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr car_fw-fr ae_n f._n ou_fw-fr 35_o 8_o de_fw-fr pouce_fw-fr sont_fw-fr lespace_n ae_n lapression_n ordinaire_fw-fr de_fw-fr lâir_fw-fr qui_fw-fr est_fw-fr de_fw-fr 30_o pouce_n jointe_n nae_fw-la un_fw-fr pouce_fw-fr de_fw-fr haut_fw-fr que_fw-fr se_fw-fr trowe_fw-mi entre_fw-fr f_o et_fw-fr h._n est_fw-la b_o x_o 31_o pouce_n de_fw-fr mercure_n et_fw-fr si_fw-fr nous_fw-fr y_fw-fr en_fw-fr adjouston_n assez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr reduire_n lair_n a_o léspace_n ae_n c._n le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr ae_n c._n sera_fw-fr m._n x_o 32_o 8_o et._n f._n c._n sera_fw-fr d._n x_o ⅜_n posant_fw-fr donc_fw-fr m._n d._n b._n 32._o 3._o 31._o la_fw-fr quatriesme_fw-fr propotionelle_fw-it sera_fw-it x._o x_o 2_o 29_o 32_o pouce_n qui_fw-la estant_n joint_n a_o b._n x_o 31_o pouce_n feront_fw-fr 33_o 29_o 32_o pouce_v dont_fw-fr láir_fw-fr sera_fw-fr pressé_fw-fr en_fw-fr c._n ae_n qui_fw-fr sont_fw-fr pres_fw-fr de_fw-fr 4_o pouce_n au_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pression_n ordinaire_fw-fr a_o experiment_n make_v at_o the_o spire_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o sarum_n have_v procure_v all_o the_o survey_a chain_n we_o can_v and_o a_o proper_a frame_n for_o a_o baroscope_n we_o go_v into_o the_o church_n where_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v invert_v as_o in_o the_o torcellian_a experiment_n the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 30_o inch_n and_o 50_o centesm_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o first_o floor_n which_o be_v 1033_o ½_n inch_n it_o subsided_a 9_o cents_fw-fr of_o a_o inch_n be_v draw_v up_o 935_o inch_n high_o it_o sink_v 8_o cents_fw-fr more_fw-mi be_v draw_v up_o 2313_o inch_n high_o yet_o it_o lose_v 23_o cents_fw-fr and_o when_o it_o be_v let_v down_o again_o the_o mercury_n reascend_v to_o it_o be_v former_a station_n at_o every_o one_o of_o the_o mark_n at_o another_o time_n a_o invert_v baroscop_n be_v make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o plate_n 5_o fig._n 6_o delineate_n have_v set_v a_o mark_n where_o the_o mercury_n stand_v below_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v inches_n  _fw-fr inch._n cent._n 1033_o ½_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v 1_o 25_o 1●68_n 2_o 39_o 2467_o 3_o 22_o 4281_o 5_o 64_o 4800_o or_o 400_o foot_n 6_o 40_o on_o the_o great_a continent_n not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n before_o a_o great_a storm_n in_o which_o the_o wind_n blow_v along_o the_o continent_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a station_n but_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n the_o mercury_n subside_v which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o another_o gentleman_n in_o england_n where_o in_o the_o inland_a part_n likewise_o the_o mercury_n subside_v before_o a_o storm_n a_o extract_v of_o a_o letter_n write_v to_o the_o author_n by_o the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o that_o most_o incomparable_a essay_n of_o human_a understanding_n mr._n lock_v dated_n ch._n ch._n may_n 5_o 1666._o gruff_n a_o account_n of_o minedeep_a gruff_n in_o the_o letter_n we_o be_v inform_v that_o design_v at_o the_o request_n of_o mr._n boyle_n to_o try_v some_o barometrical_a experiment_n in_o the_o gruff_n at_o minedeep_a when_o he_o come_v there_o he_o find_v it_o neither_o safe_a nor_o easy_a for_o one_o not_o accustom_v to_o go_v down_o into_o they_o for_o the_o descent_n not_o be_v perpendicular_a but_o crooked_a as_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o rock_n give_v they_o way_n easy_a in_o sink_v their_o pit_n they_o be_v force_v to_o clamber_v up_o and_o down_o the_o narrow_a passage_n by_o set_v their_o hand_n and_o foot_n against_o the_o side_n of_o it_o all_o the_o assistance_n beside_o be_v a_o rope_n which_o they_o take_v under_o their_o arm_n beside_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v down_o the_o damp_n catch_v they_o and_o if_o they_o can_v get_v out_o speedy_o they_o fall_v into_o a_o swond_n and_o die_v the_o only_a remedy_n which_o recover_v they_o be_v this_o they_o first_o dig_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o their_o face_n and_o then_o cover_v they_o close_o with_o turff_n to_o force_v air_n into_o these_o gruff_n they_o place_v turf_n on_o the_o lee_n side_n of_o the_o pit_n mouth_n instead_o of_o which_o if_o they_o be_v plaon_n the_o other_o side_n those_o in_o the_o gruff_n be_v seize_v with_o a_o want_n of_o breath_n and_o faint_v sweet_a flower_n be_v take_v down_o into_o they_o present_o stink_v and_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o these_o gruff_n that_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o descend_v 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de_fw-fr l'eau_fw-fr qui_fw-fr est_fw-fr dans_fw-fr les_fw-fr pompes_z se_fw-fr tiennent_fw-fr mutuellement_fw-fr en_fw-fr

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archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la ●●●…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la prae●●●…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la ●…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la sen●●●tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la asl●…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interd●…●●i●●_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la a●ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v 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change_v they_o from_o a_o perpendicular_a to_o a_o incline_v position_n so_o that_o they_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o pupil_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v in_o scotland_n that_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a observation_n by_o country_n man_n in_o other_o place_n a_o morning_n in_o which_o the_o sky_n be_v red_a be_v succeed_v with_o a_o fair_a day_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o those_o part_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o redness_n be_v pretty_a near_o the_o ground_n and_o appear_v with_o narrow_a streak_n intense_o red_a it_o signify_v bad_a wether_n but_o if_o it_o be_v elevate_v and_o the_o wind_n easterly_n it_o foretell_v a_o fair_a day_n capt._n james_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n observe_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o refraction_n the_o sun_n seem_v to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n too_o soon_o and_o to_o set_v 20_o minute_n too_o late_o and_o this_o he_o learn_v by_o calculate_v of_o its_o rise_n and_o 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the_o cask_n silk_n stuff_v that_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o jamaica_n i_o be_o tell_v have_v rot_v without_o lose_v their_o colour_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n title_n xxii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o consistency_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n body_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n on_o consistent_a body_n a_o piece_n of_o limon_n have_v be_v keep_v a_o year_n and_o some_o month_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n it_o keep_v its_o colour_n pretty_a well_o as_o well_o as_o its_o shape_n except_z that_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v a_o little_a depress_v the_o liquor_n which_o fill_v it_o up_o before_o stagnate_v upon_o a_o glass_n plate_n which_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o receiver_n

be_v open_v the_o external_a air_n rush_v in_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o the_o air_n the_o limon_n have_v yield_v in_o that_o time_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n neither_o the_o limon_n nor_o the_o juice_n be_v mouldy_a or_o ill_o taste_v so_o that_o it_o make_v i_o think_v that_o mouldiness_n can_v be_v well_o produce_v without_o a_o concurrence_n of_o the_o air._n the_o liquor_n be_v acid_a but_o clear_a and_o without_o faeces_fw-la be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o brown_a and_o red_a it_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n into_o a_o purple_a colour_n and_o corrode_v fragment_n of_o red_a coral_n in_o the_o cold._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o lozenge_n which_o a_o scholar_n frequent_o carry_v in_o his_o pocket_n be_v dissolve_v when_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n but_o recover_v their_o old_a consistence_n when_o much_o past_o it_o title_n xxiii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n 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bar_v drench_v in_o sea_n water_n and_o after_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o impair_v that_o when_o hammer_v great_a flake_n will_v fly_v off_o they_o purbeck_n and_o blechington-stone_n will_v moulder_v away_o in_o the_o air_n but_o those_o dug_n up_o at_o painswick_n near_o gloucester_n will_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n change_v their_o primary_n softness_n for_o a_o crust-hard_a and_o glassy_a marble_n which_o penetrate_v but_o a_o little_a way_n into_o its_o substance_n but_o be_v generate_v soon_o the_o often_o it_o be_v wash_v title_n xxiv_o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fire_n and_o flame_n candle_n which_v burn_v in_o grooves_n furnish_v with_o air_n shaft_n will_v sometime_o continue_v burn_v 8_o fathom_n deep_a or_o more_o when_o they_o come_v into_o close_a ground_n though_o candle_n will_v burn_v for_o a_o while_n yet_o when_o the_o dust_n rise_v they_o go_v out_o experiment_n touch_v the_o relation_n betwixt_o flame_n and_o air._n the_o burn_a of_o candle_n etc._n etc._n under_o a_o glass_n bell_n as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n matches_n touchwood_n sponck_n etc._n etc._n the_o keep_n of_o animal_n under_o a_o glass_n bell_n whilst_o the_o flame_n be_v burn_v the_o burn_a of_o body_n to_o ash_n in_o seal_a glass_n as_o also_o in_o exact_o close_v receiver_n cotton_n burn_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n the_o burn_a of_o a_o mixture_n of_o flame_n under_o water_n in_o a_o e._n r._n as_o also_o of_o a_o saline_a substance_n and_o likewise_o of_o salt_n petre._n a_o pistol_n not_o fire_v in_o a_o e._n r._n a_o experiment_n of_o burn_a gunpowder_n the_o burn_a of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o glass_n vessel_n with_o slender_a neck_n title_n xxv_o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fermentation_n fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fermentation_n raisin_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o exhaust_a bolt-head_n half_o full_a of_o water_n and_o set_v on_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n 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discolour_a with_o a_o tartarous_a efflorescence_n the_o grain_n have_v a_o musty_a smell_n but_o the_o liquor_n taste_v acid_n and_o will_v corrode_v coral_n in_o the_o cold._a the_o gage_n scarce_o discover_v any_o air_n produce_v in_o madrid_n i_o be_o tell_v though_o they_o throw_v their_o excrement_n into_o the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n yet_o the_o stink_n be_v not_o very_o much_o the_o next_o day_n nor_o will_v dead_a animal_n stink_v long_o there_o title_n xxviii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o odour_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n large_a piece_n of_o orange_n have_v be_v three_o year_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la their_o rind_n be_v on_o their_o surface_n almost_o black_a they_o yield_v very_o little_a liquor_n be_v neither_o mouldy_a nor_o putrid_a title_n xxix_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o odour_n of_o mineral_n substance_n title_n xxx_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o animal_n substance_n mr._n nickson_n tell_v i_o that_o meat_n may_v be_v preserve_v in_o frosty_a wether_n all_o winter_n without_o salt_n but_o if_o dress_v when_o freeze_v will_v not_o relish_v well_o title_n xxxi_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n title_n xxxii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o mineral_n substance_n title_n xxxiii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o colour_n of_o animal_n substance_n colour_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o air_n on_o colour_n the_o air_n influence_n colour_n so_o much_o on_o black_a taffeta_n that_o in_o brasil_n after_o it_o have_v be_v wear_v a_o few_o day_n it_o become_v of_o a_o ironish_a colour_n but_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n the_o colour_n fade_v not_o in_o a_o particular_a region_n in_o brazil_n 50_o league_n beyond_o parigna_n white_a people_n turn_v tawny_a but_o a_o little_a beyond_o that_o they_o recover_v their_o colour_n again_o upon_o charlton_n island_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o bird_n call_v partridge_n which_o be_v white_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o gray_a in_o the_o summer_n title_n xxxiv_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o colour_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o most_o tree_n in_o jamaica_n acquire_v a_o greenness_n when_o new_o cut_v down_o on_o that_o part_n which_o be_v most_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o that_o lignum_fw-la vitæ_fw-la when_o green_a be_v as_o soft_a as_o oak_n several_a tree_n which_o be_v soft_a when_o cut_v down_o afterward_o grow_v hard_a especial_o the_o cabbage-tree_n which_o present_o harden_v and_o the_o pith_n rot_v out_o it_o serve_v for_o a_o pipe_n about_o 100_o foot_n long_o which_o will_v not_o corrupt_v under_o ground_n but_o grow_v as_o hard_a as_o iron_n the_o juice_n of_o aloe_n plant_n which_o in_o the_o island_n of_o st._n jago_n be_v clammy_a bitter_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a colour_n under_o the_o line_n lose_v its_o bitterness_n and_o acquire_v a_o green_a colour_n stain_n be_v most_o easy_o get_v out_o of_o linen_n at_o those_o time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o fruit_n with_o which_o they_o be_v stain_v flourish_n title_n xxxv_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o mineral_n substance_n one_o part_n of_o lapis_n calaminaris_n be_v mix_v with_o four_o of_o salt-petre_n be_v keep_v some_o hour_n in_o a_o vehement_a heat_n in_o a_o crucible_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o matter_n be_v alkalize_v water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o which_o make_v a_o muddy_a red_a tincture_n which_o be_v set_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o a_o window_n it_o become_v green_a and_o more_o diaphanous_a than_o before_o but_o in_o a_o few_o day_n it_o become_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n a_o powder_n subside_v which_o be_v red_a like_o brick-dust_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n receive_v no_o tincture_n

of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n but_o with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la it_o will_v not_o succeed_v for_o though_o that_o liquor_n will_v heighten_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o tincture_n of_o rose_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o precipitate_v the_o lead_n and_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o a_o green_a we_o obtain_v a_o white_a and_o red_a colour_a substance_n so_o a_o purple_a will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a and_o a_o red_a liquor_n for_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o alkaly_n which_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n purple_n i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n and_o put_v one_o part_n of_o this_o to_o two_o of_o the_o infusion_n spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v precipitate_v a_o red_a substance_n and_o leave_v the_o liquor_n above_o yellow_a but_o a_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n be_v turn_v purple_a by_o a_o mixture_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n spirit_n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a drop_v upon_o they_o precipitate_v a_o bluish_a deep_a purple_a substance_n partly_o in_o the_o form_n 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notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la 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certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o 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ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o

atmosphere_n continue_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n it_o will_v regular_o rise_v and_o fall_v yet_o when_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v alter_v it_o will_v not_o exalt_o correspond_v with_o the_o other_o for_o as_o when_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o air_n be_v heavy_a than_o ordinary_a the_o liquor_n will_v not_o be_v raise_v high_a enough_o by_o heat_n the_o pressure_n of_o that_o air_n resist_v it_o so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v light_a than_o ordinary_a the_o liquor_n in_o the_o unseal_v glass_n will_v rise_v too_o high_a so_o that_o by_o compare_v the_o two_o thermometer_n together_o 4._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4._o i_o can_v tell_v whether_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a tube_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4_o be_v rise_v or_o fall_v and_o vice_n versa_fw-la the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n one_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n usual_o signify_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o 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a_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n rise_v to_o 45_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v to_o 34_o ½_n the_o night_n follow_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n continue_v at_o the_o 40th_o division_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o in_o two_o day_n time_n have_v be_v depress_v to_o the_o 17_o that_o be_v 23_o division_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v rise_v to_o 30_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v at_o 41_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v below_o the_o 9th_o division_n be_v 33_o division_n low_a than_o the_o other_o the_o day_n after_o the_o mercury_n continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o weather_n grow_v much_o cold_a it_o subside_v uniform_o enough_o that_o in_o the_o seal_a glass_n subside_v to_o the_o 33_o and_o the_o other_o below_o the_o low_a mark_n of_o all_o which_o difference_n still_o continue_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o two_o 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way_n out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o join_v with_o the_o common_a air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n a_o effect_n which_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o season_n can_v not_o give_v one_o hope_n to_o expect_v the_o pipe_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n be_v contain_v be_v 20_o inch_n long_o chap._n iii_o contain_v some_o new_a observation_n about_o the_o deficiency_n of_o weather-glass_n together_o with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o new_a or_o hermetical_a thermometer_n weather-glass_n consider_v ation_n of_o the_o deficiency_n of_o weather-glass_n to_o excite_v man_n to_o great_a curiosity_n and_o industry_n in_o make_v thermometical_a experiment_n to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n and_o first_o in_o order_n to_o make_v our_o discourse_n and_o what_o we_o communicate_v to_o those_o that_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n more_o satisfactory_a 1._o consideration_n the_o 1._o we_o be_v not_o provide_v with_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a to_o estimate_n and_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o by_o for_o our_o sense_n be_v by_o no_o mena_n proper_a standard_n since_o the_o same_o body_n that_o feel_v cold_a to_o one_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o coldness_n to_o another_o nor_o can_v thermometer_n be_v give_v as_o standard_n since_o they_o only_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n recede_v from_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o colndess_n wherein_o they_o be_v make_v and_o give_v we_o no_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n at_o other_o time_n nor_o do_v they_o inform_v we_o how_o to_o express_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n if_o not_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a standard_n of_o coldness_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n for_o who_o difference_n there_o be_v very_o few_o distinct_a name_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o intermediate_n degree_n of_o cold_a betwixt_o lukewarm_a and_o freeze_a a●…_n as_o well_o as_o several_a degree_n of_o each_o of_o those_o quality_n for_o which_o we_o have_v no_o name_n assign_v and_o indeed_o the_o observation_n make_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v so_o confine_v that_o if_o a_o glass_n chance_v to_o crack_v or_o some_o bubble_n of_o air_n get_v in_o we_o be_v force_v to_o look_v out_o for_o another_o instrument_n as_o a_o standard_n of_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v or_o coldness_n and_o further_o though_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o include_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n another_o body_n instead_o of_o air_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o be_v liable_a to_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n when_o first_o put_v up_o but_o though_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o get_v a_o standard_n of_o cold_a for_o to_o judge_v of_o its_o degree_n by_o yet_o i_o have_v sometines_n think_v that_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n which_o be_v coagulate_v in_o cold_a and_o thaw_v again_o in_o warm_a wether_n water_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n propose_v to_o 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be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a which_o way_n of_o estimate_v weather-glass_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o unquestionable_o to_o answer_v expectation_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o certainty_n but_o 2d_o consideration_n the_o 2d_o second_o there_o be_v unaccurateness_n in_o measure_v of_o cold_a by_o weather-glass_n which_o may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o be_v not_o since_o sufficient_a care_n be_v not_o take_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v exact_v all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o open_a weather-glass_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o contrive_v for_o thermometrical_a experiment_n than_o those_o that_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o in_o which_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o close_v with_o cement_n or_o wax_n that_o the_o external_n air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o it_o but_o through_o the_o pipe_n upon_o a_o expansion_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n the_o liquor_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o than_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n in_o ordinary_a glass_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v much_o too_o small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cavity_n into_o which_o it_o must_v expand_v itself_o when_o rarify_v to_o make_v the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o to_o be_v so_o sensible_a enough_o but_o beside_o that_o this_o of_o we_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n further_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a for_o our_o 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the_o expansion_n consider_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o hypothesis_n suspicious_a i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v appear_v and_o then_o this_o computation_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o the_o force_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o thereabouts_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o inch_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o ten_o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n a_o equal_a force_n superadd_v to_o the_o former_a will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a air_n into_o half_a the_o space_n which_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o estimate_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n we_o must_v not_o only_o consider_v how_o much_o space_n it_o be_v make_v to_o desert_n but_o also_o what_o proportion_n that_o desert_a space_n bear_v to_o the_o whole_a space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o to_o what_o degree_n of_o density_n it_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o application_n of_o that_o force_n and_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o that_o of_o a_o weight_n which_o may_v remain_v always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o of_o a_o spring_n forcible_o bend_v who_o resistance_n be_v great_a as_o it_o be_v crowd_v into_o less_o room_n consideration_n the_o four_o consideration_n four_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v in_o weather-glass_n till_o we_o have_v a_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a for_o among_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o the_o one_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v affect_v with_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o to_o freeze_v that_o the_o other_o be_v less_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n do_v when_o make_v use_v of_o in_o weather-glass_n though_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o latter_a be_v much_o more_o ready_o turn_v into_o ice_n beside_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v that_o all_o subtle_a and_o most_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v since_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v extreme_o hot_a yet_o will_v it_o be_v congeal_v by_o a_o much_o gentle_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n and_o will_v be_v long_o undissolved_a upon_o a_o thaw_v and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o penetrate_v and_o vehement_o agitate_a yet_o more_o subject_n to_o freeze_v than_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o allow_v that_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n i_o see_v not_o beside_o those_o more_o catholic_n agent_n which_o produce_v cold_a in_o most_o body_n they_o invade_v why_o one_o body_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o frigorifick_a in_o respect_n of_o this_o or_o that_o body_n and_o not_o of_o a_o three_o for_o quicksilver_n will_v be_v coagulate_v by_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n nor_o can_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a 〈…〉_o power_n to_o congeal_v it_o and_o from_o 〈…〉_o the_o jesuit_n relate_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n in_o peculiar_a region_n may_v receive_v such_o a_o disposition_n from_o the_o soil_n as_o to_o receive_v strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o produce_v there_o on_o humane_a body_n and_o though_o opium_n refrigerate_v not_o water_n as_o i_o have_v experience_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a weatherglass_n yet_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o present_o refrigerate_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v not_o only_o a_o argument_n that_o most_o liquor_n have_v peculiar_a texture_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o one_o body_n may_v be_v so_o convenient_o shape_v as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o to_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o their_o part_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o what_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o which_o mingle_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n well_o dephelgm_v will_v present_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o other_o liquor_n and_o i_o can_v make_v a_o liquor_n much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o water_n that_o receive_v a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o certain_a substance_n which_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n on_o water_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o we_o have_v further_a to_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o new_a thermometer_n thermometer_n consideration_n concern_v the_o new_a thermometer_n beside_o that_o the_o water_n and_o air_n may_v be_v both_o alternate_o condense_v without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n they_o have_v another_o advantage_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v in_o several_a place_n and_o remove_v without_o spill_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o or_o without_o danger_n of_o it_o be_v evaporate_v beside_o they_o may_v be_v safe_o let_v down_o into_o any_o liquor_n even_o the_o most_o corrosive_a it_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v

their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v that_o have_v immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n in_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o a_o lukewarm_a mixture_n the_o spirit_n rise_v up_o slow_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o subside_v not_o again_o much_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o good_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n 5_o hour_n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la in_o his_o theatrum_fw-la chymicum_fw-la vol._n 6._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v will_v swell_v considerable_o in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o subside_o at_o the_o new_a which_o observation_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o argument_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n make_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n undergo_v several_a change_n when_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n which_o other_o liquor_n abound_v 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dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n than_o on_o our_o british_a coast_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a and_o thick_a in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v poise_v a_o bubble_n so_o exact_o with_o water_n in_o it_o that_o though_o it_o will_v swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n at_o night_n yet_o in_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n have_v rarify_v the_o water_n it_o swim_v in_o it_o will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o be_v so_o exact_o of_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n with_o and_o so_o equal_o poise_v in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o will_v neither_o subside_v nor_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n but_o move_v up_o and_o down_o till_o the_o water_n be_v either_o more_o rarify_v or_o further_o condense_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n it_o appear_v one_a that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a predisposition_n in_o body_n the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a 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shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o 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break_v open_a again_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v be_v further_o depress_v as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o overpower_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o internal_a air._n have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o fig._n 7._o plate_n 1._o represent_v and_o convey_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o both_o the_o leg_n 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o we_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bend_a stem_n leave_v so_o much_o air_n above_o it_o as_o we_o think_v convenient_a which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o ball_n of_o it_o in_o a_o frame_n in_o which_o the_o tube_n hang_v down_o we_o can_v cover_v the_o round_a ball_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o so_o far_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v raise_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n high_o than_o before_o and_o depress_v as_o much_o in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o

not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità_fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o

spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o ●_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o water_n again_o it_o ascend_v to_o the_o same_o height_n the_o water_n have_v before_o depress_v it_o to_o for_o a_o further_a trial_n how_o much_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a we_o take_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n and_o have_v weigh_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n it_o be_v one_o ounce_n one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a we_o pour_v on_o it_o so_o much_o of_o the_o turpentine_n as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o two_o ounce_n seven_o dram_fw-la and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a which_o reach_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n with_o a_o diamond_n after_o which_o we_o pour_v a_o dram_n more_o in_o and_o successive_o more_o still_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o parcel_n which_o be_v weigh_v exact_o wrought_v in_o the_o stem_n till_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v the_o former_a to_o three_o ounce_n one_o dram_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o take_v a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n with_o water_n in_o it_o we_o immerge_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o water_n as_o before_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v contain_v be_v first_o encompass_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v we_o mark_v the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o oil_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o subside_v and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o it_o have_v subside_v as_o low_a as_o it_o can_v we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n and_o then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o air_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n and_o then_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n out_o into_o another_o glass_n careful_o poise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n remain_v at_o the_o mark_n which_o it_o subside_v to_o in_o the_o water_n and_o we_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n pour_v off_o weigh_v about_o 10_o grain_n and_o so_o much_o more_o be_v pour_v off_o as_o make_v it_o stand_v at_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n depress_v it_o it_o weigh_v about_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v artificial_o condense_v so_o far_o that_o it_o subside_v as_o much_o after_o it_o have_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a strong_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n as_o it_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o and_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o oil_n by_o the_o number_n of_o grain_n who_o bulk_n it_o seem_v to_o lose_v by_o subside_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o a_o 94th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o by_o divide_v it_o by_o the_o additional_a number_n of_o the_o grain_n more_o we_o find_v that_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n have_v condense_v it_o a_o 47th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n have_v circumscribe_v water_n moderate_o cold_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n what_o it_o shrink_v be_v if_o not_o insensible_a inconsiderable_a to_o measure_v the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o when_o extreme_o cold_a we_o weigh_v a_o glass-bubble_n in_o it_o which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n moderate_o cool_a and_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o that_o medium_fw-la we_o find_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n cool_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o new_a decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o that_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o density_n acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o gold_n and_o by_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n in_o the_o same_o water_n in_o hot_a wether_n we_o learned_a further_n how_o much_o more_o dense_a and_o heavy_a water_n moderate_o cold_a and_o extreme_o cold_a be_v than_o warm_a water_n it_o will_v be_v of_o use_n to_o try_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o in_o italy_n where_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o keep_v snow_n and_o of_o freeze_a warm_a water_n speedy_o a_o glass-bubble_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v 150_o grain_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n on_o a_o day_n not_o frosty_a it_o weigh_v 29_o ●_o 8_o and_o be_v weigh_v in_o water_n which_o be_v a_o little_a freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v not_o above_o ⅛_n part_v of_o a_o grain_n light_a than_o before_o so_o that_o the_o water_n by_o condensation_n lose_v not_o above_o a_o 230th_o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v thereby_o learn_v to_o know_v by_o find_v the_o density_n of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a place_n what_o load_v to_o carry_v in_o their_o ship_n and_o what_o the_o water_n will_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v i_o shall_v leave_v other_o to_o judge_n but_o if_o such_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o several_a part_n our_o seal_v weather-glass_n or_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n may_v be_v of_o use_n since_o they_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n and_o since_o they_o may_v be_v convenient_o carry_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o various_a region_n may_v be_v better_o estimate_v a_o register_n be_v keep_v of_o the_o degree_n the_o liquor_n or_o pendulous_a drop_n stand_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v and_o where_o and_o when_o expose_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n with_o the_o thermometer_n in_o which_o the_o pendulous_a water_n be_v contain_v the_o stem_n may_v for_o conveniency_n be_v hold_v either_o horizontal_a upward_o or_o perpendicular_a title_n v._o experiment_n concern_v the_o tendency_n of_o cold_a upward_o or_o downward_o vigorous_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o that_o heat_n general_o act_v most_o powererful_o on_o body_n above_o it_o and_o that_o its_o tendency_n be_v upward_o be_v self-evident_a but_o to_o discover_v in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o and_o further_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o glass-bubble_n with_o water_n in_o it_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n be_v suspend_v within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n over_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o freeze_v not_o a_o bottle_n which_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v hold_v under_o water_n it_o be_v case_v with_o ice_n especial_o about_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a seem_v chief_o to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v

mention_v viz._n egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a act_n on_o every_o side_n the_o shell_n be_v whole_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v in_o order_n to_o facilitate_v some_o experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o in_o common_a experiment_n water_v natural_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o that_o ice_n confine_v the_o subjacent_a water_n so_o that_o when_o freeze_v it_o have_v not_o room_n to_o expand_v i_o say_v whereas_o in_o such_o case_n the_o glass_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v to_o prevent_v such_o ill_a consequence_n i_o lay_v the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n first_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o above_o it_o and_o as_o the_o salt_n and_o ice_n be_v raise_v high_a about_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ice_n gradual_o rise_v without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o bottle_n to_o this_o advertisement_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o only_o at_o the_o first_o lie_v the_o mixture_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n above_o cool_a i_o usual_o put_v ice_n itself_o or_o snow_n either_o of_o which_o will_v succeed_v in_o these_o experiment_n above_o that_o mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n by_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o spoil_v they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n they_o thaw_v slow_o without_o damage_n to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o tradition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o egg_n which_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o thaw_v snow_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o then_o want_v 4_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n it_o acquire_v such_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o 15_o drachm_n and_o 9_o grain_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o egg_n dry_v it_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o 12_o grain_n be_v break_v we_o find_v it_o almost_o thaw_v when_o freeze_v it_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n but_o when_o thaw_v it_o sink_v we_o take_v two_o egg_n well_o freeze_v and_o place_v they_o both_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o fire_n the_o one_o be_v put_v into_o water_n and_o the_o other_o lay_v on_o a_o table_n when_o that_o in_o the_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o break_v it_o find_v that_o the_o yolk_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v thaw_v but_o the_o other_o egg_n be_v cut_v asunder_o the_o white_a be_v whole_o freeze_v and_o the_o yolk_n hard_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v overboil_v there_o likewise_o appear_v in_o it_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o different_a colour_n and_o a_o very_a white_a speck_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n we_o be_v confirm_v in_o our_o persuasion_n that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v thaw_v soon_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n a_o egg_n be_v suspend_v in_o water_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n equal_o thick_a on_o all_o side_n freeze_a pippin_n be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pippin_n which_o be_v immerse_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o much_o thick_a crust_n than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o 2._o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o those_o in_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v but_o one_o that_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a and_o more_o freeze_v 4._o neither_o the_o freeze_a egg_n or_o apple_n condense_v and_o freeze_v the_o air_n though_o they_o incrustate_v the_o water_n egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o they_o crack_v we_o put_v one_o into_o milk_n two_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o into_o a_o large_a glass_n of_o sack_n but_o produce_v no_o ice_n egg_n be_v put_v into_o vinegar_n produce_v no_o ice_n but_o the_o vinegar_n corrode_v the_o eggshell_n a_o cheese_n immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o lump_n of_o iron_n piece_n of_o glass_n and_o stone_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o freeze_v egg_n produce_v no_o ice_n in_o water_n water_n be_v pour_v into_o a_o bottle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o our_o elaborotory_n part_v of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n shake_v together_o in_o a_o vial_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dew_n and_o so_o do_v ice_n beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n with_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg._n pippin_n be_v much_o better_o when_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a climate_n that_o when_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o extreme_a cold_a too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n it_o have_v raise_v blister_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o more_o careful_a sort_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o cold_a water_n or_o snow_n before_o they_o approach_v the_o fire_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o cheese_n be_v freeze_v in_o muscovy_n those_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n and_o guilielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_n cap._n 10._o de_fw-la gangraena_fw-la &_o sphacelo_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o our_o apple_n and_o egg_n be_v though_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n yet_o glaciation_n leave_v they_o more_o subject_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o thaw_n though_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o state_n they_o putrify_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a under_o glaciation_n hinder_v body_n from_o corruption_n i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a instance_n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la say_v p._n 80._o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la sine_fw-la arcte_fw-la compactam_fw-la servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la a_o putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la and_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 74._o have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o p._n 79._o he_o farther_o say_v that_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o ice_n all_o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jot_n the_o worse_o and_o from_o simlerus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o alps_o it_o appear_v that_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o snow_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o p._n 79._o de_fw-la figurativis_fw-la in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la nivium_fw-la è_fw-la monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la mole_n sylvam_fw-la &_o proceras_fw-la abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60_o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la soluto_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o prove_v that_o inanimate_a body_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n i_o shall_v bring_v several_a instance_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o much_o wonder_n since_o whether_o glaciation_n proceed_v from_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n wedge_v in_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n or_o whether_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o a_o avolition_n of_o those_o restless_a particle_n which_o before_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a we_o must_v suppose_v a_o unusual_a rest_n and_o consequent_o the_o concomitant_a cause_n of_o corruption_n

to_o be_v want_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o sweeden_n and_o denmark_n the_o cold_a will_v preserve_v body_n a_o long_a time_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o bartholinus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o several_a dead_a body_n p._n 83._o de_fw-la usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la which_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o battle_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v freeze_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o continue_v so_o without_o be_v corrupt_v as_o long_o as_o the_o winter_n last_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o p._n 76._o of_o a_o man_n who_o they_o find_v freeze_v in_o the_o ice_n six_o week_n after_o he_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o frost_n have_v wrought_v on_o his_o body_n be_v that_o his_o flesh_n will_v move_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o his_o bone_n like_o a_o glove_n upon_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 12._o further_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o greenland_n that_o the_o frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n 30_o year_n but_o though_o freeze_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n for_o the_o time_n yet_o when_o they_o thaw_v they_o present_o discover_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o be_v impair_v and_o vitiate_v all_o that_o while_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a for_o have_v freeze_v a_o ox-eye_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o be_v so_o transparent_a before_o be_v freeze_v lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n and_o become_v white_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o that_o though_o cheese_n which_o be_v thaw_v in_o water_n be_v better_a than_o those_o that_o be_v otherwise_o free_v from_o the_o ice_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o in_o some_o measure_n impair_v by_o the_o frost_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2_o p._n 493._o tell_v we_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n their_o strong_a beer_n be_v freeze_v be_v whole_o vitiate_v and_o without_o strength_n or_o taste_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o strong_a alicant_n wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o spirit_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n that_o beef_n have_v be_v freeze_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o yield_v broth_n little_o better_o than_o water_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o body_n much_o hard_a than_o any_o yet_o mention_v may_v be_v work_v upon_o by_o cold_a not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o bone_n and_o even_o steel_v itself_o be_v much_o more_o subject_a to_o break_v in_o frosty_a wether_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o it_o be_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n further_o observable_a that_o capt._n james_n relate_v that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o wood_n must_v be_v thaw_v before_o the_o carpenter_n be_v able_a to_o work_v it_o and_o i_o be_o further_a inform_v that_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o house_n in_o moscow_n will_v not_o only_o crack_v in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o brick-house_n in_o the_o west-indies_n decay_n much_o soon_o than_o here_o in_o england_n and_o it_o have_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o marble_n themselves_o have_v not_o only_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o that_o brass-instrument_n and_o even_o iron-hoops_n have_v be_v crack_v by_o extreme_a cold_n as_o olaus_n wormius_n and_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n witness_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o iron-hoops_n rather_o depend_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o barrel_n than_o immediate_o on_o the_o iron-bar_n themselves_o and_o that_o they_o be_v break_v by_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o liquor_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o vi_o title_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v before_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o those_o that_o have_v their_o nose_n or_o cheek_n freeze_v do_v rub_v they_o with_o snow_n before_o they_o go_v into_o the_o stove_n they_o sometime_o drop_v off_o and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o moderate_o weak_a wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v will_v lose_v both_o its_o colour_n and_o taste_v he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o body_n there_o will_v keep_v all_o the_o frosty_a wether_n uncorrupt_a and_o that_o venison_n and_o beef_n and_o other_o flesh_n will_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n by_o frost_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thaw_v leisurely_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v roast_v it_o will_v be_v much_o impair_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o young_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o over_o be_v recover_v by_o be_v first_o rub_v with_o snow_n before_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v use_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o vi_o title_n fish_n take_v from_o under_o the_o ice_n in_o lake_n and_o pond_n which_o be_v freeze_v over_o and_o pack_v up_o will_v be_v preserve_v a_o month_n without_o be_v salt_v or_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n they_o will_v be_v freeze_v immediate_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o the_o same_o person_n who_o tell_v i_o these_o thing_n that_o though_o flesh-meat_n freeze_v be_v better_a when_o thaw_v leisurely_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o by_o the_o fire_n yet_o it_o acquire_v not_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o in_o lapland_n when_o any_o part_n be_v freeze_v they_o toast_v cheese_n make_v of_o deer_n milk_n and_o anoint_v the_o affect_a part_n with_o the_o cows-body_n i_o have_v some_o cheshire-cheese_n freeze_v myself_o one_o of_o which_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n gather_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o there_o be_v white_a bear_n in_o green-land_n which_o have_v so_o excellent_a a_o scent_n that_o when_o the_o carcase_n of_o a_o whale_n be_v leave_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n they_o will_v raise_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n and_o with_o their_o two_o paw_n will_v fan_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n and_o snuff_v it_o in_o at_o their_o snout_n and_o then_o throw_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n will_v swim_v towards_o the_o dead_a carcase_n the_o fat_a of_o some_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v a_o hogshead_n of_o oil_n in_o moscow_n a_o hogshead_n of_o malaga-sack_n be_v freeze_v a_o spirituous_a liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o it_o strong_a than_o the_o sack_n itself_o but_o the_o liquor_n leave_v behind_o it_o be_v a_o strengthless_a phlegm_n a_o barrel_n of_o beer_n be_v freeze_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o green-land_n the_o spirituous_a part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o moscow_n betwixt_o russia_n and_o poland_n be_v sometime_o so_o freeze_v by_o the_o time_n they_o come_v there_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o break_v the_o cask_n and_o to_o transport_v it_o in_o jar_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o thaw_v it_o they_o put_v it_o into_o another_o hogshead_n and_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o ice_n or_o snow_n it_o thaw_v leisurely_o there_o without_o be_v so_o much_o impair_v as_o if_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n or_o by_o the_o fire_n title_n vii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a liquor_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o other_o freeze_a liquor_n though_o it_o have_v be_v general_o allow_v that_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a yet_o from_o what_o i_o shall_v offer_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o ice_n be_v not_o water_n condense_v but_o rarify_v for_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o water_n expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o a_o bolt-head_n will_v if_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n incline_v it_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o be_v expanded_a so_o as_o to_o rise_v considerable_o high_o in_o the_o stem_n but_o when_o that_o ice_n be_v thaw_v again_o will_v subside_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v water_n in_o a_o cylinder_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v stop_v up_o with_o wax_n the_o cylinder_n be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n freeze_v it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o it_o force_v the_o wax_n out_o of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o form_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n much_o long_a than_o the_o cylinder_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n by_o cold_a rather_o depend_v on_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v liquor_n than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v that_o effect_n as_o some_o modern_n teach_v or_o that_o the_o internal_a liquor_n be_v

condense_v by_o cold_a the_o air_n break_v in_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n for_o that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_o observe_v than_o that_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o side_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v they_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v general_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n depend_v not_o on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v since_o shall_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fluid_a contain_v in_o a_o bottle_n will_v be_v so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o possess_v less_o space_n than_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n there_o and_o the_o bottle_n not_o burst_v since_o glass-bubble_n much_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a bottle_n will_v endure_v the_o frost_n though_o stop_v close_o with_o air_n in_o they_o but_o not_o only_a water_n expand_v itself_o upon_o freeze_a but_o other_o aqueous_a body_n so_o egg_n be_v freeze_v burst_v their_o shell_n asunder_o and_o milk_n urine_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass-egg_n the_o wine_n be_v freeze_v swell_v a_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o surface_n the_o milk_n two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n six_o or_o seven_o and_o a_o solution_n of_o dantzick-vitriol_n do_v not_o only_o become_v opace_fw-la but_o rise_v considerable_o high_a in_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n upon_o congelation_n whether_o more_o stable_n and_o consistent_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a will_v be_v worth_a inquire_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o very_a clock_n have_v be_v freeze_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o voyage_n at_o charlton-island_n his_o watch_n be_v freeze_v as_o well_o as_o his_o clock_n whether_o these_o effect_n depend_v on_o any_o swell_v of_o the_o rope_n or_o whether_o the_o spring_n of_o his_o watch_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a or_o whether_o some_o iceicle_n stick_v to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v as_o bare_a conjecture_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v into_o by_o experience_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o experiment_n about_o freeze_a referrable_a to_o the_o vii_o title_n read_v before_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v fill_v a_o bolt-head_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o two_o turkey_n egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v a_o pretty_a height_n into_o the_o slender_a stem_n be_v put_v into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v a_o little_a but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o will_v sensible_o swell_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o a_o raven_n quill_n when_o first_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n present_o ascend_v the_o height_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o present_o subside_v again_o which_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n will_v attribute_v to_o a_o constriction_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n second_o and_o though_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n relate_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v subside_v a_o little_a to_o rest_v and_o then_o subside_v again_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o make_v i_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o three_o when_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v a_o little_a it_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v four_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v unequal_o big_a upon_o glaciation_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a one_o will_v be_v indiscernible_a but_o in_o a_o slender_a one_o it_o will_v ascend_v several_a inch_n in_o a_o minute_n till_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n five_o though_o the_o forentine_a academian_o say_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v again_o before_o glaciation_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v such_o a_o phaenomenon_n six_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n when_o first_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o small_a iceicle_n be_v melt_v it_o will_v subside_o again_o yet_o if_o reapply_v to_o the_o mixture_n a_o second_o time_n it_o will_v freeze_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1_o though_o the_o liquor_n we_o have_v mention_v expand_v themselves_o upon_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o be_v not_o thence_o to_o couclude_v that_o all_o will_n since_o we_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o cold._n 2._o among_o the_o several_a experiment_n make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_v 3._o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o mercury_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o place_v in_o a_o bold-head_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subside_v 2_o inch_n common_a oil_n place_v in_o the_o same_o mixture_n subside_v till_o it_o freeze_v but_o if_o it_o be_v immediate_o thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v expand_v itself_o so_o much_o as_o to_o rise_v about_o the_o mark._n the_o experiment_n succeed_v a_o second_o time_n and_o be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o congeal_a oly_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n oil_n of_o aniseed_n artificial_o freeze_v subside_v considerable_o in_o a_o small_a pipe_n empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o gaujacum_fw-la be_v expose_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v not_o freeze_v but_o evident_o subside_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o viii_o title_n 1._o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n the_o one_o make_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochineal_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o blue_a tincture_n of_o spirit_n of_o man_n blood_n and_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o then_o be_v remove_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n set_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o thermometer_n subside_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a stem_n and_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a subsided_a 3_o inch_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a concrete_a which_o when_o it_o be_v leisurely_o dissolve_v the_o fluid_a part_n emit_v several_a bubble_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o this_o concrete_a that_o though_o when_o thaw_v it_o swim_v upon_o water_n yet_o when_o congeal_v it_o will_v not_o title_n ix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v cause_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n 1._o it_o be_v usual_o account_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n that_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o for_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o emergent_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o greenland_n where_o huge_a rock_n of_o ice_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v as_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n which_o can_v we_o suppose_v to_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n that_o part_v immerse_v will_v be_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o that_o above_o the_o water_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v bear_v up_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n so_o much_o in_o greenland_n more_o than_o in_o our_o climate_n beside_o that_o the_o size_n of_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o render_v the_o observation_n more_o remarkable_a the_o water_n expansion_n in_o that_o cold_a climate_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v further_a expanded_a there_o than_o here_o and_o consequent_o light_a 2._o piece_n of_o ice_n free_a from_o bubble_n float_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v from_o brandy_n and_o likewise_o from_o quicklime_n and_o though_o if_o that_o spirit_n be_v warm_v it_o will_v present_o subside_o yet_o as_o it_o cool_v the_o ice_n will_v ascend_v nevertheless_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v thaw_v

the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o though_o it_o have_v part_v with_o so_o many_o bubble_n x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o it_o be_v force_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o contain_v air_n into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o xi_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o do_v before_o xii_o the_o oil_n be_v throw_v out_o and_o so_o much_o water_n put_v into_o the_o stem_n as_o raise_v the_o surface_n as_o high_a as_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o glaciation_n the_o glass_n weigh_v 4374_o grain_n when_o fill_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n it_o weigh_v 4152_o and_o when_o empty_a 1032_o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o

mark_n be_v about_o the_o 15_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a 10._o a_o large_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_a stem_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v 15_o inch_n the_o whole_a contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v freeze_v the_o freeze_a water_n continue_v to_o swell_v be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n high_o a_o few_o drop_n run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o 11._o another_o egg_n about_o the_o same_o height_n be_v place_v in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n rise_v a_o inch_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n and_o several_a laminae_fw-la of_o ice_n appear_v at_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o the_o neck_n but_o after_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o quarce_a those_o disappear_v and_o the_o ball_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o white_a ice_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v raise_v 4_o ½_n inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark._n several_n small_a bubble_n ascend_v through_o the_o neck_n till_o it_o be_v whole_o thaw_v and_o the_o white_a ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v the_o water_n swell_v till_o some_o of_o it_o run_v out_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n upon_o which_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a room_n till_o the_o water_n be_v quite_o thaw_v so_o much_o air_n only-remaining_a above_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v as_o in_o dimension_n equal_v a_o small_a pea._n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v the_o water_n subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o then_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o external_a air_n as_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v re-inverted_n again_o rise_v 7_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o leave_v about_o a_o inch_n ¼_n above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o cause_v the_o water_n when_o freeze_v to_o swell_v and_o which_o be_v generate_v there_o take_v up_o one_o inch_n and_o ¼_n which_o be_v expanded_a through_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o thaw_v so_o far_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v air_n that_o it_o want_v a_o spring_n to_o resist_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n 12._o another_o time_n the_o tip_n of_o a_o seal_a stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n it_o receive_v 10_o inch_n and_o above_o ½_n 13._o in_o the_o same_o bolt-head_n wherein_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o air_n be_v try_v the_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o foot_n above_o its_o former_a station_n and_o then_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o leisurely_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o to_o its_o former_a mark_n and_o then_o the_o seal_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o basin_n be_v force_v into_o the_o tube_n as_o sill_v 11_o inch_n of_o it_o near_o ⅛_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n 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the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v the_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n we_o take_v a_o bolt-head_n and_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o water_n that_o it_o rise_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o number_n of_o ounce_n it_o contain_v set_v down_o to_o those_o we_o successful_o add_v one_o ounce_n after_o another_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o of_o they_o wrought_v which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v out_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n and_o freeze_v the_o remain_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o and_o the_o ice_n that_o consist_v of_o 82_o part_n of_o water_n fill_v the_o space_n of_o 91_o and_o ½_n so_o that_o the_o congeal_a water_n possess_v a_o 9th_o part_n of_o space_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o in_o another_o experiment_n 55_o part_n of_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v extend_v to_o 60_o ½_n 6_o of_o those_o remain_v unfreeze_v 2._o another_o way_n we_o take_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n be_v by_o mark_v a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o which_o when_o it_o be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o ten_o part_n high_o than_o before_o another_o more_o exact_a cylinder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o we_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v expanded_a to_o about_o a_o nine_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o but_o perhaps_o this_o method_n of_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n may_v suggest_v a_o difficulty_n to_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o hydrostaticks_n since_o archimedes_n have_v make_v it_o appear_v as_o well_o as_o stevinus_n that_o float_a body_n will_v so_o far_o and_o but_o so_o far_o sink_v in_o the_o liquor_n that_o support_v they_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a body_n 4._o for_o capt._n james_n have_v observe_v ice_n to_o float_v a_o great_a deal_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o hill_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 16_o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n though_o but_o 36_o below_o it_o and_o janus_n munkius_n in_o his_o account_n of_o g●…enland_n observe_v that_o one_o that_o be_v but_o 4●_n fathom_n under_o water_n be_v 20_o above_o it_o whereas_o according_a to_o our_o computation_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n the_o part_n under_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v 8_o or_o 9_o time_n as_o deep_a as_o that_o above_o it_o 5._o but_o to_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n i_o have_v these_o thing_n to_o represent_v first_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o float_v in_o fresh_a water_n but_o that_o observe_v by_o navigator_n be_v fresh_a float_n in_o salt_n water_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o near_o the_o pole_n the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n as_o we_o or_o those_o under_o the_o line_n and_o consequent_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o float_a ice_n so_o high_a except_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o region_n recompense_n the_o want_n of_o salt_n 6._o but_o beside_o these_o consideration_n that_o which_o i_o will_v chief_o insist_v upon_o for_o the_o removal_n of_o this_o difficulty_n be_v that_o these_o huge_a pile_n of_o ice_n be_v make_v up_o of_o vast_a lump_n betwixt_o which_o be_v large_a vacuity_n which_o be_v only_o fill_v up_o with_o air_n so_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o their_o weight_n by_o the_o bulk_n they_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o by_o the_o specific_a weight_n incumbent_a on_o that_o part_n immerse_v in_o the_o water_n for_o we_o see_v in_o barge_n that_o sometime_o they_o carry_v load_v which_o consist_v of_o light_a matter_n may_v be_v pile_v a_o great_a height_n above_o the_o water_n without_o depress_v the_o vessel_n so_o much_o as_o heavy_a body_n of_o less_o bulk_n which_o be_v more_o ponderous_a in_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o bartholinus_n take_v notice_n be_v compile_v of_o store_n of_o snow_n freeze_v together_o beside_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o those_o stupendous_a mountain_n which_o lay_v so_o much_o above_o water_n below_o rest_v on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o probable_o they_o may_v have_v sink_v much_o low_o have_v the_o water_n be_v deep_a enough_o for_o they_o for_o mr._n hudson_n in_o his_o voyage_n take_v notice_n in_o a_o bay_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n sevenscore_n fathom_n deep_a 7._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n it_o perhaps_o may_v

be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o 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of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expan●…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v 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england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o tex●●●…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n d●●●…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o

snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stink●_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a

and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v only_o urge_v that_o it_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o can_v have_v more_o easy_o agree_v with_o they_o since_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o weigat_n the_o sea_n be_v freeze_v but_o not_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n for_o the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v but_o only_o near_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v much_o cold_o than_o in_o the_o ocean_n frigidum_fw-la water_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 5._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n that_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o in_o all_o water_n that_o be_v freeze_v by_o cold_a we_o always_o see_v they_o begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a which_o argue_v the_o air_n cold_o than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o congeal_v it_o whereas_o if_o water_n be_v the_o cold_a body_n it_o ought_v always_o natural_o to_o be_v freeze_v or_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v rather_o in_o the_o middle_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o rather_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n than_o in_o gulf_n strait_n and_o small_a river_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o vast_a heap_n of_o ice_n that_o float_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o penetration_n of_o cold_a to_o that_o depth_n they_o sometime_o sink_v to_o but_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o small_a river_n and_o cement_v together_o depress_v each_o other_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n upon_o which_o the_o fall_a snow_n gradual_o increase_v their_o bulk_n 6._o but_o though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o take_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v it_o indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o except_v where_o some_o adventitious_a cause_n concur_v the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a by_o it_o we_o must_v adjudge_v it_o cold._a and_o though_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a yet_o all_o divers_a unanimous_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o at_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o few_o fathom_n beside_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o warm_a region_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a at_o land_n than_o sea_n and_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o cool_a but_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v there_o they_o do_v find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n though_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v often_o freeze_v frigidum_fw-la air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 7._o by_o the_o stoic_n and_o many_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o air_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o hot_a and_o likewise_o that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o

nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o produce_v experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o former_a a_o seal_a weatherglass_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o subside_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n but_o rise_v again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o which_o effect_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n when_o the_o external_n be_v draw_v out_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n hot_a body_n external_o apply_v affect_v not_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o they_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v sensible_o 3._o to_o measure_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o we_o enclose_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n hermetical_o seal_v which_o when_o it_o be_v artificial_o or_o natural_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n break_v open_a we_o can_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o water_n it_o receive_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v above_o a_o 30_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n a_o glass-egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o condense_v in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o jan._n 29_o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057_o space_n be_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n contract_v to_o 1965_o space_n so_o that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n we_o can_v observe_v be_v a_o 22_o part_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o three_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v 4_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965_o space_n to_o 1860_o so_o that_o the_o artificial_a cold_a contract_v be_v more_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o contraction_n which_o the_o natural_a cold_a produce_v than_o that_o condensation_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o natural_a temper_n or_o rather_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n 4._o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o observation_n cold_a may_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o snow_n in_o greenland_n all_o midsummer_n night_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o severe_a frost_n happen_v in_o the_o close_a of_o august_n and_o further_o capt._n weymouth_n say_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o sail_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n their_o very_a sail_n and_o tackle_n be_v freeze_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o english_a when_o they_o be_v sail_v to_o cherry-island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74_o and_o 75_o degree_n latitude_n in_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o close_v up_o that_o other_o vapour_n be_v repress_v and_o keep_v from_o rise_v and_o the_o air_n have_v be_v by_o several_a observe_v to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o clear_a in_o the_o winter_n here_o in_o england_n and_o sweedland_n and_o elsewhere_o than_o at_o other_o time_n 7._o the_o refraction_n of_o luminary_n in_o the_o northern_a air_n in_o nova_n zembla_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o dutchman_n observe_v the_o sun_n to_o appear_v to_o they_o 14_o day_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o charlton-island_n to_o vary_v 52_o minute_n and_o the_o sun_n to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o rise_v beside_o several_a instance_n of_o refraction_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o air._n 8._o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o relation_n and_o observation_n of_o navigator_n which_o we_o shall_v either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v

not_o freeze_v near_o so_o hard_a near_o the_o 79th_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o 73d_o and_o though_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v near_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o greenland_n yet_o the_o latter_a have_v grass_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v upon_o they_o whereas_o in_o nova_n zembla_n there_o be_v no_o grass_n and_o only_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v on_o flesh_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o line_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n and_o just_a enter_v into_o aries_n in_o march_n he_o feel_v himself_o very_o cold_a and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o burn_a zone_n in_o quitto_n and_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a at_o potofi_n very_o cold_a and_o in_o aethiopia_n brasile_a and_o the_o moluccoe_n very_o hot._n and_o he_o observe_v further_a that_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o their_o zenith_n under_o the_o line_n mr._n hudson_n in_o his_o voyage_n have_v observe_v that_o one_o day_n they_o be_v much_o disturb_v with_o ice_n and_o that_o the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o we_o be_v further_o inform_v by_o acosta_n that_o though_o the_o sea_n of_o mozambigus_fw-la and_o ormus_n in_o the_o east_n and_o panama_n in_o the_o west_n be_v very_o hot_a yet_o that_o of_o peru_n of_o the_o same_o height_n be_v very_o cold._a and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o though_o charlton-island_n be_v cold_o than_o nova_n zembla_n yet_o be_v it_o of_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o cambridge_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o a_o english_a navigator_n tell_v we_o that_o though_o pustozera_n in_o russia_n be_v 68_o ½_n degree_n yet_o it_o be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o in_o hudson_n voyage_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o beyond_o 80_o degree_n they_o find_v it_o moderate_o warm_a 2._o the_o next_o observation_n be_v that_o the_o degree_n both_o of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o great_a in_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o the_o same_o place_n at_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o even_o at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o same_o day_n than_o most_o man_n will_v believe_v in_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o shall_v produce_v the_o follow_a testimony_n of_o traveller_n and_o of_o navigator_n and_o 1._o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a variety_n weather_n in_o russia_n dr._n fletcher_n witness_n who_o observe_v that_o though_o all_o winter_n the_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o field_n freeze_v up_o yet_o the_o field_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v cover_v with_o flower_n and_o fill_v with_o the_o delightful_a noise_n of_o bird_n and_o then_o the_o wether_n be_v as_o much_o too_o hot_a as_o it_o be_v before_o cold_a june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o summer_n in_o england_n and_o the_o like_a be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o other_o among_o who_o olearius_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o moscow_n he_o see_v melon_n of_o 40_o pound_v weight_n better_o than_o those_o in_o italy_n and_o at_o pequin_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n though_o it_o be_v but_o 42_o degree_n latitude_n yet_o in_o the_o winter_n martinius_n the_o jesuit_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a frost_n for_o four_o month_n together_o so_o that_o all_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o and_o prosper_v alpinus_n tell_v we_o that_o grand_a cairo_n which_o be_v only_o 6_o degree_n from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n though_o the_o summer_n be_v insupportable_o hot_a yet_o the_o winter_n be_v considerable_o cold_a and_o one_o thing_n he_o there_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v that_o in_o that_o place_n they_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o trouble_v with_o distillation_n or_o rheum_n and_o purchase_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o greenland_n one_o day_n will_v be_v extreme_o cold_a and_o the_o next_o as_o violent_a hot_a so_o that_o at_o midnight_n tobacco_n may_v be_v light_v at_o the_o sunbeam_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o glass_n to_o which_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o charlton-island_n though_o the_o winter_n be_v excessive_a cold_a yet_o in_o june_n it_o be_v so_o hot_a with_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n that_o the_o man_n be_v force_v to_o go_v a_o shore_n to_o cool_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n alpinus_n tell_v we_o likewise_o that_o in_o egypt_n the_o air_n be_v some_o part_n of_o the_o day_n extreme_o hot_a and_o at_o other_o time_n very_o temperate_a and_o cool_a and_o olearius_n tell_v we_o that_o travel_v over_o mount_n taurus_n in_o persia_n though_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a in_o the_o day_n for_o they_o to_o proceed_v in_o their_o journey_n yet_o at_o night_n they_o be_v so_o benumb_v with_o the_o cold_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o light_v off_o their_o horse_n and_o the_o same_o traveller_n observe_v at_o 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degree_n of_o coldness_n but_o though_o it_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v refrigerate_v the_o air_n yet_o i_o believe_v not_o that_o all_o wind_n must_v necessary_o be_v cool_v so_o since_o the_o cold_a air_n near_o the_o pole_n swim_v upon_o that_o which_o fill_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v for_o want_v of_o a_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v so_o cold_a as_o to_o cool_v the_o air_n sudden_o when_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o we_o for_o acosta_n have_v observe_v upon_o mountain_n high_a than_o the_o alps_o that_o the_o air_n be_v extreme_o cold._a and_o the_o hollander_n who_o fail_v within_o 17_o degree_n of_o the_o pole_n observe_v that_o their_o cold_a wind_n be_v chief_o northerly_a and_o north-easter_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o to_o show_v that_o cold_a wind_n receive_v not_o so_o much_o their_o quality_n from_o the_o quarter_n from_o 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a_o well_o in_o oxford_n and_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n immerse_v in_o a_o spring_n that_o usual_o smoke_v in_o the_o winter_n it_o be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v place_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o house_n about_o noon_n i_o find_v that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n then_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o smoke_a spring_n 6._o feb._n 19_o the_o frost_n have_v continue_v 3_o day_n the_o spirit_n be_v raise_v as_o high_a by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o spring_n as_o it_o use_v to_o be_v the_o next_o day_n the_o spring_n beginning_n to_o smoke_n the_o warmth_n of_o the_o water_n raise_v the_o spirit_n near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o rise_v at_o the_o springhead_n some_o month_n ago_o and_o the_o water_n be_v then_o much_o warm_a than_o the_o air_n for_o the_o spirit_n when_o bring_v to_o my_o chamber_n subside_v the_o ground_n without_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o little_a snow_n 7._o a_o gentleman_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n sometime_o high_o when_o it_o be_v frosty_a than_o when_o it_o be_v not_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v leave_v in_o water_n till_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o it_o be_v clear_v of_o the_o ice_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o spirit_n manifesty_n subside_v the_o size_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o this_o weatherglass_n be_v as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o a_o large_a crab_n and_o the_o stem_n be_v about_o 2_o foot_n and_o ½_n long_o and_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o station_n which_o the_o spirit_n rest_v at_o in_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n be_v above_o three_o inch_n a_o relation_n give_v i_o by_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n late_o return_v out_o of_o poland_n 1._o in_o frosty_a clear_a wether_n he_o observe_v the_o sun_n and_o two_o parhelion_n one_o eastward_o and_o the_o other_o westward_o betwixt_o ten_o and_o twelve_o a_o clock_n and_o when_o the_o sunshine_n 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they_o lose_v their_o nose_n and_o have_v their_o face_n freeze_v 2._o the_o warm_a the_o room_n be_v in_o the_o day_n the_o thick_a the_o hoar_a be_v at_o night_n upon_o the_o glass_n be_v sometime_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a frost_n the_o nail_n of_o the_o window_n and_o door_n will_v be_v tip_v with_o frost_n the_o falconer_n say_v that_o the_o bird_n creep_v under_o the_o snow_n at_o night_n bear_n make_v themselves_o cave_n against_o winter_n and_o i_o remember_v i_o keep_v one_o two_o day_n without_o meat_n or_o drink_n he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n make_v a_o lather_n with_o his_o tongue_n and_o suck_v his_o paw_n 3._o a_o wind_n from_o the_o sea_n cause_v a_o thaw_v as_o well_o as_o at_o

archangel_n the_o air_n be_v so_o healthful_a they_o use_v very_o little_a physic_n so_o that_o the_o poor_a sort_n live_v 80_o or_o 100_o year_n old_a title_n xix_o of_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a cold._n of_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold._n the_o dutch_a tell_v we_o that_o they_o find_v it_o so_o cold_a in_o nova_n zembla_n that_o when_o their_o sheet_n be_v wash_v and_o hang_v to_o dry_a by_o a_o fire_n one_o side_n will_v freeze_v as_o the_o other_o thaw_v and_o that_o they_o themselves_o be_v so_o cold_a that_o they_o can_v not_o warm_v themselves_o by_o the_o fire_n for_o they_o usual_o smell_v their_o stocking_n burn_v before_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o one_o side_n of_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n freeze_v whilst_o the_o other_o be_v next_o the_o fire_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o marcus_n polus_n be_v tell_v that_o on_o a_o plain_a which_o be_v betwixt_o two_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o world_n fire_n will_v neither_o burn_v so_o brisk_o nor_o boil_v thing_n so_o effectual_o as_o in_o other_o place_n which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o unwilling_a to_o reject_v as_o impossible_a because_o if_o snow_n and_o ice_n owe_v their_o coldness_n to_o something_o which_o reign_v in_o the_o air_n nature_n may_v make_v the_o air_n as_o cold_a in_o any_o other_o northern_a climate_n saline_n expiration_n be_v every_o where_o disperse_v through_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n and_o this_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a that_o water_n be_v pour_v on_o a_o stool_n and_o a_o tankard_n place_v upon_o it_o by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o tankard_n will_v be_v so_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o the_o one_o be_v lift_v up_o raise_v the_o other_o along_o with_o it_o 2._o gerat_fw-la de_fw-la veer_v say_v that_o if_o they_o put_v a_o nail_n into_o their_o mouth_n it_o will_v be_v freeze_v and_o bring_v blood_n along_o with_o it_o when_o 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strange_a sometime_o that_o it_o have_v cause_v blister_n to_o rise_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o hand_n and_o face_n but_o their_o arm_n and_o leg_n beside_o these_o instance_n capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o their_o clothes_n will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o frost_n and_o iceicle_n will_v so_o hang_v to_o their_o hair_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o shave_v his_o head_n and_o face_n that_o they_o may_v have_v nothing_o to_o hang_v at_o and_o purchas_n say_v that_o their_o very_a shoe_n will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o hoar-frost_n on_o the_o inside_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o wear_v they_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o army_n of_o 40000_o of_o the_o turk_n all_o perish_v at_o once_o by_o excessive_a cold._n i_o be_o also_o inform_v that_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n of_o the_o same_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n with_o normandy_n be_v subject_a to_o some_o sort_n of_o cold_n which_o occasion_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o sickness_n and_o at_o other_o time_n death_n and_o cancerous_a sore_n be_v as_o fatal_a as_o those_o cause_v by_o hot_a corrode_a humour_n and_o those_o that_o die_v of_o the_o cold_a either_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o drowziness_n and_o coldness_n of_o the_o extreme_a part_n and_o die_v in_o a_o sleep_n or_o have_v their_o gut_n and_o reins_o first_o freeze_v and_o then_o gangree_v and_o mortify_v vomit_v every_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o then_o languish_v with_o violent_a pain_n and_o dye_n and_o their_o body_n be_v open_v their_o gut_n be_v black_a and_o as_o if_o it_o be_v glue_v together_o 6._o what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o other_o animal_n have_v not_o be_v much_o observe_v by_o author_n but_o a_o french_a author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o cold_a in_o vkrain_n as_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o be_v sometime_o so_o great_a that_o it_o destroy_v horse_n and_o some_o other_o tame_a beast_n and_o the_o same_o author_n mention_n a_o fourfooted_a creature_n call_v bohack_n peculiar_a to_o that_o province_n one_o of_o which_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v freeze_v for_o they_o usual_o hide_v themselves_o there_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o they_o be_v about_o to_o flay_v he_o the_o sense_n of_o pain_n recover_v he_o and_o this_o be_v present_v to_o a_o polish_v lord_n from_o who_o i_o have_v the_o relation_n 7._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a country_n the_o bird_n and_o wild_a beast_n be_v usual_o turn_v white_a but_o though_o i_o do_v it_o whole_o reject_v it_o as_o false_a yet_o i_o can_v believe_v it_o universal_o true_a but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o good_a author_n mention_n white_a bear_n and_o fox_n in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o white_a partridge_n upon_o the_o snowy_a alps_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o white_a pheasant_n in_o savoy_n what_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o colour_n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v nor_o shall_v i_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o any_o seminal_a impression_n or_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o female_n who_o have_v snow_n always_o as_o a_o object_n before_o they_o but_o that_o all_o beast_n and_o fowl_n in_o the_o northern_a climate_n be_v of_o that_o white_a colour_n i_o find_v be_v a_o mistake_n for_o i_o have_v see_v dere_n skin_n bring_v from_o greenland_n of_o a_o dun_a colour_n yet_o one_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o strange_a be_v that_o in_o greenland_n and_o livonia_n hare_n become_v white_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a colour_n again_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o of_o fox_n in_o greenland_n which_o be_v pied_a black_a and_o white_a particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xix_o title_n 1._o lieutenant_n g._n drummon_v tell_v i_o that_o at_o smolensco_n the_o barrel_n of_o beer_n be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a thickness_n the_o liquor_n contain_v within_o be_v much_o strong_a 2._o two_o swedish_n ambassador_n confirm_v to_o i_o that_o the_o hare_n in_o muscovy_n change_n from_o their_o natural_a colour_n to_o white_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o colour_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o on_o one_o side_n the_o river_n duna_n which_o separate_v livonia_n and_o muscovy_n the_o hare_n be_v white_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ordinary_a colour_n 3._o it_o be_v observe_v in_o russia_n that_o if_o a_o man_n touch_v his_o tongue_n with_o the_o metalline_a head_n of_o a_o cane_n it_o freeze_v his_o tongue_n immediate_o so_o that_o he_o can_v separate_v it_o without_o much_o pain_n for_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o the_o spital_n who_o part_n be_v in_o a_o weak_a motion_n strike_v against_o the_o metalline_a body_n be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o it_o and_o consequent_o freeze_v so_o in_o a_o billiard-table_n

one_o bowl_n in_o motion_n strike_v against_o another_o not_o in_o motion_n communicate_v as_o much_o of_o its_o motion_n as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o other_o and_o lose_v it_o be_v own_o and_o so_o the_o vapour_n and_o steam_n in_o a_o room_n in_o frosty_a wether_n strike_v against_o the_o glass-window_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o motion_n and_o freeze_v which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o thick_a upon_o the_o glass_n in_o russia_n than_o here_o in_o england_n a_o note_n out_o of_o martinius_n in_o his_o account_n of_o china_n this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o peking_n though_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v above_o 42_o degree_n yet_o for_o four_o month_n together_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n the_o river_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o day_n so_o that_o they_o bear_v coach_n and_o horse_n a_o note_v take_v out_o of_o martinius_n cromerus_n his_o polonia_n the_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a in_o these_o country_n sometime_o that_o the_o tree_n wither_v at_o the_o root_n and_o water_n be_v freeze_v as_o it_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v up_o for_o two_o month_n so_o that_o they_o bear_v horse_n load_v and_o coach_n and_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o pass_v over_o the_o weisell_n in_o massovia_n with_o a_o coach_n and_o horse_n and_o other_o horseman_n and_o in_o prussia_n the_o fish_n in_o the_o ice_n begin_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n and_o last_v till_o march_n be_v end_v another_o note_n out_o of_o the_o same_o 1._o they_o catch_v fish_n more_o commodious_o in_o winter_n than_o summer_n for_o break_v hole_n in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o ice_n a_o net_n be_v cast_v into_o one_o of_o they_o and_o rope_n fasten_v to_o it_o man_n with_o pole_n and_o horse_n draw_v the_o net_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o 2._o i_o be_o tell_v that_o at_o warsaw_n in_o twelve_o hour_n the_o water_n be_v freeze_v 4_o inch_n downward_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o make_v discovery_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v eat_v as_o much_o in_o one_o day_n as_o in_o ten_o here_o and_o that_o after_o they_o have_v sail_v over_o a_o deep_a blue_a sea_n they_o come_v to_o one_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n which_o be_v sound_v it_o be_v above_o 70_o fathom_n sack_n be_v freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o present_o lose_v its_o vigour_n 3._o in_o these_o part_v the_o frost_n penetrate_v the_o ground_n five_o foot_n and_o the_o ice_n in_o iberia_n in_o the_o river_n ob_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a there_o be_v there_o but_o twelve_o week_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n without_o frost_n the_o river_n have_v breathe_a place_n a_o mile_n long_o out_o of_o which_o fume_n ascend_v as_o out_o of_o a_o cellar_n when_o the_o door_n be_v open_v death_n by_o cold_a be_v not_o painful_a if_o it_o be_v intense_a cold_n dry_v excessive_o cleave_v the_o earth_n and_o cause_n timber_n to_o crack_v title_n xx._n experiment_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a unfrozen_a the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a 1._o to_o try_v whether_o body_n upon_o freeze_v will_v grow_v heavy_a since_o epicurus_n and_o other_o atomist_n suppose_v congelation_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o crowd_v in_o of_o frigorifick_a atom_n we_o expose_v egg_n to_o be_v freeze_v all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n we_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v four_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n which_o we_o suspect_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o avolition_n of_o some_o exhalation_n through_o the_o shell_n since_o at_o other_o time_n we_o observe_v that_o egg_n counterpoise_v lose_v eight_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n in_o some_o process_n of_o time_n 2._o water_n freeze_v and_o weigh_v counterpoise_v a_o grain_n and_o a_o little_a more_o than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n hermetical_o seal_v when_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v as_o heavy_a or_o heavy_a after_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o the_o same_o equality_n of_o weight_n betwixt_o freeze_a and_o unfrozen_a water_n happen_v in_o other_o experiment_n 3._o stone_n be_v weigh_v after_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o also_o in_o a_o warm_a air_n they_o seem_v to_o discover_v a_o increase_n of_o weight_n but_o i_o suspect_v it_o proceed_v from_o water_n imbibe_v into_o their_o pore_n since_o stone_n be_v observe_v to_o increase_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n and_o further_o because_o one_o that_o be_v well_o polish_v and_o not_o apt_a to_o imbibe_n water_n retain_v bare_o its_o own_o weight_n so_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_a freeze_v must_v be_v invalid_a except_o he_o suppose_v the_o frigorifick_a atom_n like_o those_o of_o a_o loadstone_n to_o be_v without_o weight_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xx_o title_n the_o foregoing_a experiment_n may_v not_o only_o satisfy_v we_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o be_v erroneous_a but_o may_v likewise_o help_v we_o to_o correct_v some_o extravagant_a relation_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n for_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o water_n thaw_v in_o a_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v be_v ⅛_n heavy_a than_o before_o but_o perhaps_o this_o difference_n may_v in_o part_n depend_v on_o the_o access_n of_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o manalphus_n tell_v we_o i_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o metalline_a porringer_n in_o one_o experiment_n lose_v 50_o in_o another_o 60_o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n which_o i_o attribute_v to_o a_o avolition_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n since_o when_o we_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o no_o water_n can_v steam_v out_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v or_o thaw_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xx_o title_n 1._o quicksilver_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o counterpoise_v in_o water_n when_o by_o the_o application_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v the_o bubble_n weigh_v ¾_n of_o a_o grain_n less_o than_o before_o a_o globe_n of_o snow_n ram_v into_o a_o mould_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n weigh_v 112_o grain_n a_o globe_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n weigh_v 2_o dram_fw-la and_o 5_o grain_n 2._o after_o a_o long_a frost_n and_o snow_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o gage_v weatherglass_n stand_v below_o the_o first_o mark_n but_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v at_o near_o 2_o ●_o below_o 29_o inch_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o high_a wind._n 3._o four_o ounce_n of_o snow_n be_v counter_o poise_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o frost_n all_o night_n and_o at_o 10_o or_o 11_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v lose_v near_o 30_o grain_n which_o part_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v evaporate_v the_o melt_a liquor_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o scale_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o 8_o grain_n 4._o two_o ounce_n of_o snow_n depress_v flat_a so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o large_a superficies_n and_o counterpoise_v in_o a_o night_n time_n lose_v 55_o grain_n no_o water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o scale_n and_o two_o hour_n after_o the_o decrement_n be_v 63_o grain_n none_o of_o the_o snow_n appear_v yet_o to_o be_v melt_v title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n power_n whether_o frost_n hinder_v odoriferous_a effluvia_fw-la from_o exert_v their_o power_n 1._o several_a flower_n be_v gather_v in_o december_n and_o january_n and_o hasty_o smel●ed_v 〈◊〉_d have_v no_o sensible_a effect_n on_o the_o sensory_a whic●_n phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o frost_n hinder_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o spirituous_a sap_n from_o rise_v up_o into_o they_o and_o not_o that_o it_o prevent_v those_o spirituous_a part_n from_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la since_o a_o vigorous_a fresh_a primrose_n have_v a_o odour_n genuine_a and_o sweet_a 2._o rose-water_n be_v freeze_v when_o it_o be_v whole_o ice_n afford_v a_o genuine_a scent_n but_o something_o faint_a than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v again_o but_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o body_n smell_v at_o shall_v not_o be_v hold_v too_o long_o near_o the_o nose_n lest_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o face_n shall_v help_v to_o excite_v those_o odoriferous_a part_n and_o consequent_o frustrate_v the_o trial_n 3._o stink_v water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a and_o freeze_v be_v altogether_o inodorous_a 4._o it_o be_v report_v by_o several_a and_o attest_v by_o olearius_n that_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o enable_v themselves_o to_o bear_v cold_a extreme_o by_o go_v out_o of_o their_o store_n naked_a immediate_o into_o cold_a water_n and_o even_o ice_n itself_o 5._o have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o good_a

and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o the_o boil_a water_n cool_v at_o ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n at_o ¼_n a_o hour_n past_o eleven_o and_o the_o like_a success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n in_o metalline_a vessel_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v with_o great_a exactness_n the_o cold_a water_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o 6_o the_o first_o beganto_n freeze_v ¼_n after_o 7_o the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o ¾_n after_o 7_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n be_v not_o freeze_v ½_n a_o hour_n after_o eight_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o water_n contain_v in_o glass-cylinders_a of_o a_o equal_a boar_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o congelation_n when_o immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n salt_n and_o water_n but_o once_o when_o the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v draw_v small_a than_o 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internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n for_o if_o either_o the_o expand_v water_n can_v have_v make_v its_o way_n by_o stretch_v the_o glass_n or_o leave_v the_o superficial_a ice_n congeal_v at_o first_o in_o the_o neck_n or_o any_o other_o way_n easy_o than_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n the_o vessel_n will_v probable_o be_v leave_v entire_a i_o say_v probable_o because_o sometime_o in_o such_o experiment_n something_o may_v intervene_v which_o require_v further_a trial_n and_o observation_n to_o discover_v since_o i_o have_v in_o other_o experiment_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n rise_v a_o considerable_a height_n in_o the_o stem_n without_o break_v the_o bottle_n and_o i_o have_v sometime_o have_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o a_o liquor_n freeze_v in_o a_o stop_a vial_n without_o break_v it_o as_o if_o the_o success_n be_v vary_a by_o some_o uncommon_a property_n in_o the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ice_n of_o wine_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o a_o butt_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n continue_v unthaw_v in_o may._n purchas_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o find_v lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v 20_o fathom_n under_o water_n and_o 12_o above_o and_o the_o other_o 18_o fathom_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o 10_o above_o it_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o purchas_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o russia_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n make_v it_o fruitful_a cold._n of_o the_o separation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n cold_a

have_v upon_o occult_a quality_n as_o well_o as_o manifest_a one_o and_o likewise_o upon_o fermentation_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o retardate_v the_o work_n of_o ale_n extreme_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o must_v may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o deep_a well_o or_o if_o let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n and_o will_v when_o take_v up_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o ferment_n than_o other_o parcel_n of_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o warm_a air._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o most_o spirituous_a part_n of_o liquor_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o collect_v together_o by_o a_o congelation_n of_o the_o phlegm_n wherefore_o to_o try_v what_o cold_a will_v effect_v in_o our_o climate_n i_o hang_v out_o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n in_o a_o sharp_a night_n and_o find_v that_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v be_v very_o strong_a and_o spirituous_a the_o freeze_a part_n 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impair_v by_o be_v freeze_v i_o suppose_v it_o to_o proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o alimental_a juice_n be_v expend_v by_o freeze_a have_v not_o its_o own_o texture_n alter_v only_o but_o even_o the_o solid_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v thereby_o bruise_v and_o crush_v for_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o alimental_a juice_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n of_o stone_n and_o vegetable_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o powerful_a congelation_n of_o their_o respective_a juice_n which_o will_v be_v less_o wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o aqueous_a part_n by_o their_o expansion_n be_v able_a to_o burst_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n have_v i_o have_v leisure_n and_o conveniency_n i_o will_v have_v try_v what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o animal_n freeze_v to_o death_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o rabbit_n to_o the_o cold_a all_o night_n i_o find_v that_o only_o one_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o a_o little_a stiff_a but_o a_o strangle_a rabbit_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v ice_n be_v produce_v in_o several_a part_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a modern_a writer_n that_o if_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n of_o vegetable_n upon_o congelation_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v several_a time_n try_v the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o either_o false_a or_o very_o contingent_a since_o it_o do_v not_o once_o answer_v expectation_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n to_o freeze_v i_o find_v that_o the_o crystal_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v prismatical_a and_o that_o under_o those_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n of_o ice_n but_o not_o range_v in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n and_o though_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o if_o a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n be_v freeze_v it_o will_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v except_o that_o once_o there_o appear_v the_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o a_o single_a leaf_n but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o fair_a water_n freeze_v will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n often_o than_o their_o decoction_n and_o though_o berigardus_n also_o affirm_v the_o same_o yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o he_o only_o wirt_z without_o try_v the_o experiment_n himself_o and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o prepossessed_a spectator_n may_v fancy_v they_o see_v such_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v not_o for_o though_o sea-salt_n and_o alum_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o determinate_a figure_n yet_o when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n they_o exhibit_v figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o chance_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o by_o distil_v and_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o sea-salt_n in_o a_o glass-head_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v vary_a so_o will_v the_o figure_n of_o tree_n be_v represent_v different_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n produce_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n from_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o though_o figure_v curious_a enough_o will_v be_v represent_v by_o spirit_n solution_n decoction_n vinegar_n milk_n and_o even_o common_a water_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o hope_v for_o the_o same_o success_n and_o that_o the_o like_a figure_n shall_v always_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o same_o liquor_n since_o very_o small_a circumstance_n will_v vary_v they_o considerable_o and_o in_o try_v of_o such_o experiment_n as_o these_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o liquor_n shall_v be_v as_o shallow_a as_o it_o possible_o may_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o speedy_o freeze_v a_o freeze_a egg_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o common_a water_n it_o gather_v not_o about_o it_o any_o crusty_a film_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n wood_n that_o though_o new-england_n be_v 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n yet_o the_o winter_n be_v much_o more_o pierce_a and_o cold_a than_o we_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xviii_o title_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a power_n of_o wind_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v so_o much_o more_o cold_a than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v blow_v through_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o will_v cause_v not_o only_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o subside_o but_o be_v blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o another_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o the_o liquor_n but_o even_o mercury_n itself_o will_v be_v force_v to_o ascend_v though_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n can_v not_o cause_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o have_v often_o try_v that_o when_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o that_o though_o when_o first_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o nice_a thermoscope_n it_o will_v not_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v yet_o at_o another_o season_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n ascend_v as_o if_o the_o air_n by_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v in_o the_o room_n have_v some_o sensible_a effect_n in_o compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o thermoscope_n to_o try_v whether_o liquor_n by_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v consistent_a will_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n i_o cause_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n to_o be_v immerse_v in_o salad-oil_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o vinegar_n or_o of_o quicklime_n in_o water_n either_o of_o which_o will_v coagulate_v the_o oil_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o

the_o mixture_n though_o consistent_a be_v cold_o than_o the_o fluid_a ingredient_n to_o try_v whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n we_o take_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n then_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o freeze_a it_o from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixtre_n when_o the_o include_v air_n be_v compress_v as_o much_o as_o we_o think_v the_o glass_n will_v bear_v we_o nip_v off_o the_o apex_n and_o find_v that_o thereupon_o the_o air_n fly_v out_o and_o the_o water_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o its_o former_a surface_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compress_v ⅜_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n but_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o some_o springiness_n in_o the_o ice_n or_o whether_o the_o glass_n be_v before_o distend_v and_o now_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a dimension_n occasion_v this_o phaenomenon_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v without_o further_a trial_n and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o before_o the_o air_n be_v much_o compress_v it_o will_v cause_v no_o considerable_a noise_n and_o further_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o second_o time_n repeat_v with_o one_o of_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o the_o same_o liquor_n it_o will_v rise_v ⅛_n and_o ¼_n in_o the_o stem_n high_a than_o before_o upon_o break_v of_o the_o apex_n chap._n vi_o a_o examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o teach_v and_o prove_v antiperistasis_n argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n though_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v assert_v by_o aristotle_n and_o some_o of_o his_o follower_n urge_v reason_n and_o experience_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o yet_o from_o what_o follow_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o what_o be_v offer_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v his_o doctrine_n for_o first_o it_o be_v reason_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o requisite_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o thing_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o nature_n than_o to_o furnish_v cold_a and_o heat_n with_o a_o self_n invigorate_n power_n which_o each_o of_o they_o may_v exert_v when_o encompass_v with_o the_o other_o and_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o natural_a than_o for_o one_o quality_n when_o surround_v with_o a_o predominant_a one_o to_o retire_v into_o the_o innermost_a recess_n of_o that_o body_n where_o the_o force_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v a_o occasional_a exertion_n of_o that_o power_n be_v call_v antiperistasis_n but_o from_o reason_n to_o proceed_v to_o experience_n it_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o low_a and_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v insupportable_o hot_a the_o cold_a fly_n to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o it_o and_o there_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o other_o two_o about_o it_o and_o as_o the_o cold_a remain_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n so_o lightning_n be_v but_o a_o explosion_n of_o exhalation_n pin_v up_o in_o the_o cold._n and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v further_o offer_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o the_o air_n but_o the_o earth_n itself_o for_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a that_o in_o cellar_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a retreat_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a quality_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n without_o be_v excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n be_v warm_a and_o even_o the_o water_n draw_v from_o wells_n be_v warm_a when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rivers_n themselves_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o to_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v further_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o deep_a pit_n as_o well_o as_o mine_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v troublesome_a hot_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o charlton-island_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o cold_o in_o june_n when_o ice_n swim_v in_o it_o than_o in_o december_n and_o that_o a_o well_o which_o furnish_v they_o with_o water_n in_o december_n afford_v none_o in_o july_n and_o further_o that_o in_o musco_n the_o cellar_n be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o in_o winter_n from_o the_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o even_o in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n water_n draw_v out_o of_o well_n usual_o steam_v or_o smoke_n if_o agitate_a when_v new_o draw_v thus_o much_o be_v offer_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n exmine_v those_o argument_n 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that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n fall_v upon_o a_o table_n keep_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v not_o so_o far_o prevalent_a above_o its_o tenacity_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v beside_o it_o be_v prevent_v partly_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o be_v globous_a figure_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o its_o aversion_n to_o spread_v upon_o a_o dry_a body_n and_o its_o disposition_n to_o shun_v contrary_n be_v evident_a since_o it_o retain_v the_o like_a figure_n when_o mix_v with_o fluid_a oil_n and_o mercury_n on_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v a_o globular_a figure_n upon_o a_o table_n yet_o if_o put_v upon_o gold_n it_o lose_v that_o figure_n antiperistasis_n whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o what_o reason_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o proceed_v to_o examine_v what_o experiment_n and_o observation_n have_v be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n with_o cold_a water_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o since_o it_o will_v cause_v a_o much_o more_o violent_a ebullition_n if_o boil_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a the_o part_n of_o the_o hot_a liquor_n be_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o penetrate_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o to_o set_v the_o igneous_a part_n at_o liberty_n for_o which_o reason_n spirit_n of_o salt_n cause_v still_o a_o strong_a ferment_n than_o hot_a water_n but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o water_n slack_v not_o lime_n because_o its_o coldness_n keep_v in_o and_o thereby_o invigorate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o igneous_a fiery_a part_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v it_o nor_o do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v present_o dissolve_v examine_v another_o argument_n examine_v another_o argument_n allege_v for_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v the_o freeze_a of_o a_o pot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o stool_n at_o the_o fire_n side_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v likewise_o succeed_v where_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n near_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n invigorate_n the_o cold._n another_o experiment_n employ_v by_o the_o asserter_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v that_o if_o a_o pot_n of_o snow_n be_v set_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o

it_o it_o will_v upon_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v be_v often_o try_v succeed_v not_o yet_o though_o it_o shall_v any_o other_o agent_n which_o will_v melt_v the_o ice_n will_v as_o soon_o produce_v the_o effect_n antiperistasis_n what_o the_o severel_n region_n of_o the_o air_n offer_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n it_o be_v urge_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o low_a and_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a and_o the_o middlemost_a cold_a which_o to_o i_o seem_v rather_o assert_v than_o prove_v for_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o according_a to_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v cold_a in_o summer_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o three_o region_n shall_v be_v so_o hot_a since_o it_o lie_v so_o far_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a because_o meteor_n have_v be_v kindle_v there_o yet_o the_o same_o argument_n will_v prove_v the_o middle_a region_n hot_a since_o meteor_n and_o lightning_n have_v be_v observe_v there_o and_o even_o in_o the_o low_a region_n it_o be_v common_a in_o storm_n for_o it_o hose_n fire_v call_v helena_n or_o castor_n and_o pollux_n to_o hover_v about_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n examine_v a_o aphorism_n of_o hypocrates_n examine_v it_o be_v a_o aphorism_n of_o the_o great_a hypocrates_n ventres_fw-la byme_n esse_fw-la calidiores_fw-la but_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o supposition_n that_o digestion_n depend_v on_o heat_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n because_o man_n have_v sharp_a appetite_n all_o that_o i_o need_v to_o offer_v to_o repugn_v this_o be_v that_o digestion_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o heat_n since_o several_a voracious_a fish_n digest_v very_o strong_o who_o stomach_n and_o blood_n be_v cold._a but_o though_o concoction_n depend_v chief_o upon_o heat_n yet_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o stomach_n in_o winter_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o antiperistasis_n but_o a_o retention_n of_o hot_a humour_n generate_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o gradual_o increase_v produce_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a heat_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n prepare_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o stomachical_a menstruum_fw-la bend_v contrary_n themselves_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o quality_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o they_o increase_v appetite_n as_o spice_n wine_n and_o vinegar_n and_o also_o wormwood_n and_o juice_n of_o lemon_n and_o fromundus_n have_v observe_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v take_v with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o walk_v upon_o snow_n which_o since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o frequent_a in_o the_o northern_a and_o cold_o climate_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o some_o other_o particle_n convey_v into_o the_o blood_n along_o with_o those_o frigorifick_a atom_n hail_v be_v think_v by_o the_o aristotelian_o to_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v the_o aristotelian_a production_n of_o hail_n examine_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n that_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v there_o congeal_v by_o a_o antiperistasis_n and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o generate_v in_o summer_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o have_v observe_v myself_o the_o great_a shower_n of_o hail_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v to_o fall_v in_o january_n when_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o frost_n have_v render_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n cold_a at_o which_o time_n a_o servant_n to_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n tell_v her_o master_n that_o she_o be_v lead_v out_o of_o her_o way_n by_o a_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la which_o till_o she_o can_v follow_v it_o no_o further_o she_o take_v to_o be_v a_o candle_n carry_v by_o another_o person_n before_o she_o where_o how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o congeal_v snow_n by_o its_o heat_n i_o profess_v i_o can_v understand_v beside_o be_v aristotle_n account_n true_a i_o see_v not_o why_o they_o shall_v never_o see_v it_o hail_n at_o alexandria_n and_o pelusium_n place_n in_o egypt_n where_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a enough_o and_o where_o it_o rain_v frequent_o beside_o we_o have_v see_v grain_n of_o hail_n large_a by_o much_o than_o drep_v of_o rain_n and_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n the_o virtuoso_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o shower_n of_o hail_n who_o grain_n be_v as_o large_a as_o a_o tennis-ball_n and_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v observe_v some_o so_o large_a that_o they_o weigh_v a_o pound_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o aristotle_n assert_n hail_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o low_a 〈◊〉_d and_o snow_n in_o the_o upper_a i_o have_v observe_v grain_n of_o ice_n which_o contain_v snow_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o the_o next_o argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o to_o be_v examine_v be_v the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o first_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n be_v cool_a in_o summer_n than_o winter_n since_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o feel_v it_o so_o be_v only_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n which_o be_v comparative_o warm_a by_o be_v enclose_v in_o so_o warm_a a_o air_n as_o that_o they_o be_v encompass_v with_o in_o the_o summer_n but_o suppose_v that_o not_o only_o our_o sense_n but_o weather-glass_n shall_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n be_v cold_o in_o the_o summer_n than_o winter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o without_o a_o antiperistasis_n for_o since_o there_o be_v several_a hot_a effluvia_fw-la send_v up_o from_o subterraneal_a part_n these_o restrain_v and_o keep_v from_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o winter_n may_v alter_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o subterraneal_a water_n but_o when_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_v and_o way_n be_v make_v for_o the_o avolition_n of_o they_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v a_o little_o cool_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n we_o may_v think_v cellar_n hot_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n if_o we_o judge_v of_o they_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n since_o we_o be_v not_o there_o affect_v with_o those_o wind_n and_o external_n agent_n of_o cold_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o therefore_o to_o one_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n into_o they_o they_o may_v seem_v warm_a but_o that_o cellar_n be_v cold_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n when_o we_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o they_o by_o body_n that_o be_v not_o alike_o subject_a to_o predisposition_n as_o our_o body_n be_v will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o first_o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n be_v hang_v out_o in_o a_o frosty_a evening_n till_o they_o be_v both_o of_o a_o equal_a temper_n the_o one_o of_o they_o remove_v into_o a_o cellar_n in_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n ascend_v five_o or_o fix_v division_n whilst_o that_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o air_n rather_o descend_v than_o rise_v but_o in_o the_o morning_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n descend_v a_o little_a so_o that_o the_o outward_a air_n instead_o of_o increase_v rather_o diminish_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o cellar_n and_o oil_n which_o in_o thaw_v wether_n be_v usual_o liquid_a be_v place_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n be_v congeal_v so_o that_o it_o will_v subside_o in_o other_o oil_n and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v that_o oil_n that_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o cellar_n upon_o a_o thaw_n rise_v instead_o of_o subside_v according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o in_o poland_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o the_o cellar_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o england_n in_o a_o cellar_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n keep_v beer_n cool_a enough_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n the_o cellar_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v so_o cold_a in_o summer_n as_o in_o winter_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o beer_n in_o the_o summer_n in_o water_n freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o to_o dig_v their_o barrel_n out_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n but_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o some_o cellar_n and_o vault_n be_v warm_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n since_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o

learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o so_o harden_v they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o serene_a weather_n be_v cold_o than_o rainy_a weather_n he_o say_v be_v because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o the_o fall_a drop_n which_o reason_n he_o likewise_o allege_v why_o water_n in_o wells_n be_v not_o freeze_v the_o wind_n not_o be_v able_a to_o beat_v strong_o enough_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n he_o attribute_n it_o to_o airy_a particle_n force_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v urge_v against_o this_o doctrine_n examine_v examine_v that_o all_o congeal_a liquor_n instead_o of_o have_v their_o part_n press_v inward_o and_o so_o condense_v manifest_o expand_v upon_o congelation_n and_o as_o for_o animal_n body_n such_o a_o inward_a endeavour_n of_o the_o humour_n as_o his_o doctrine_n suppose_v be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n when_o suspend_v in_o water_n so_o that_o the_o external_n air_n can_v effect_v it_o and_o though_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n produce_v cold_a prosper_v alpinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la aegyptiorum_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o have_v find_v the_o wind_n in_o those_o torrid_a region_n insufferable_o hot_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wind_n near_o ormus_n have_v be_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o destroy_v a_o army_n of_o man_n at_o once_o and_o though_o some_o wind_n put_v into_o motion_n feel_v cold_a yet_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n and_o the_o deep_a penetration_n of_o that_o fluid_a into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o have_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o comparative_a coldness_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v it_o not_o at_o all_o except_o sometime_o by_o accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o

water_n sever_v from_o it_o by_o ice_n nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a beside_o i_o think_v it_o altogether_o inconceivable_a how_o wind_n by_o take_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n shall_v cause_v the_o water_n within_o to_o freeze_v since_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n be_v a_o action_n much_o different_a from_o the_o put_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o a_o tremble_a motion_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o water_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o a_o strong_a wind_n against_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n though_o it_o will_v when_o enclose_v in_o liquor_n where_o no_o wind_n can_v come_v at_o it_o and_o those_o two_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o freeze_v themselves_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n give_v it_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o some_o well_n freeze_v not_o because_o the_o wind_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o blow_v strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o those_o well_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v when_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a wind_n blow_v will_v freeze_v though_o cover_v over_o and_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o cold_a winter_n whether_o the_o wind_n blow_n or_o not_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o lightness_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o bubble_n receive_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v freeze_a the_o contrary_a be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n will_v be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o bubble_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o free_a air._n postscript_n to_o conclude_v this_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v instead_o of_o some_o other_o experiment_n design_v for_o this_o treatise_n subjoin_v a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n viz._n take_v a_o piece_n of_o cork_n and_o have_v burn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o black_a coal_n and_o then_o have_v slack_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n it_o will_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o gum-water_n form_n a_o black_a ink_n which_o you_o may_v write_v what_o you_o please_v with_o which_o write_v if_o it_o be_v interline_v with_o a_o colourless_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n upon_o wet_v the_o paper_n with_o a_o sponge_n dip_v in_o a_o fluid_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o mix_v three_o part_n of_o quicklime_n and_o one_o of_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o digest_v they_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o sixteen_o part_n of_o water_n the_o invisible_a solution_n of_o minium_n will_v exhibit_v black_a letter_n and_o the_o other_o black_a one_o will_v disappear_v but_o whilst_o this_o fetid_v liquor_n be_v prepare_v it_o must_v be_v well_o shake_v several_a time_n that_o the_o quicklime_n and_o the_o powder_a orpiment_n may_v the_o better_a impregnate_n it_o and_o then_o the_o decant_v and_o filter_v liquor_n must_v be_v keep_v for_o use_v but_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n of_o make_v ink_n which_o i_o can_v be_v glad_a to_o learn_v and_o i_o myself_o have_v try_v that_o word_n may_v be_v write_v with_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n which_o i_o can_v render_v legible_a by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n chap._n viii_o a_o account_n of_o freeze_v make_v in_o december_n and_o january_n 1662._o by_o dr._n merret_n freeze_a several_a experiment_n about_o freeze_a the_o follow_a experiment_n be_v make_v in_o wether_n which_o be_v very_o frosty_a continue_v six_o week_n yet_o not_o without_o some_o alternate_a relaxation_n in_o stone-window_n expose_v to_o the_o north_n and_o north-east-wind_n the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o be_v try_v be_v glass-cane_n of_o several_a boar_n earthen_a and_o pewter_n vessel_n etc._n etc._n cold_a water_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o open_a pan_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n boil_a water_n in_o two_o boil_v and_o cold_a water_n mix_v in_o ½_n the_o cold_a water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o and_o side_n but_o the_o other_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o when_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a at_o the_o top_n the_o same_o succeed_v with_o water_n throw_v upon_o a_o table_n the_o cold_a water_n be_v first_o freeze_v a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n with_o a_o stem_n a_o foot_n long_o and_o half_o fill_v be_v exhaust_v of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it be_v almost_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o water_v expose_v in_o a_o open_a pan_n and_o appear_v white_a seem_v to_o consist_v pure_o of_o bubble_n water_n in_o which_o arsenic_n be_v eight_o month_n infuse_v congeal_a into_o a_o white_a ice_n soon_o than_o water_n and_o so_o do_v solution_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vitriol_n and_o soon_o than_o solution_n of_o other_o salt_n except_o alum_n which_o freeze_v into_o a_o ice_n white_a than_o milk_n and_o stick_v so_o fast_o to_o the_o pan_n that_o i_o can_v scarce_o separate_v it_o sandever_n present_o freeze_v but_o eris_n soon_o and_o kelp_n in_o less_o time_n than_o that_o all_o of_o they_o form_v white_a lump_n of_o ice_n salarmoniack_a frequent_o freeze_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o but_o once_o after_o they_o two_o dram_n of_o common_a salt_n dissolve_v in_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v in_o hard_a frost_n congeal_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n in_o about_o thirty_o hour_n stink_v sea-water_n full_a of_o salt_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o beer-glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o film_n of_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o ½_n a_o crown_n in_o twenty_o six_o hour_n when_o freeze_v it_o taste_v salt_n and_o smell_v stink_v but_o when_o thaw_v it_o have_v lose_v the_o fetor_n in_o four_o day_n more_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v but_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n taste_v sharp_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o same_o water_n in_o broad_a pan_n be_v quite_o freeze_v through_o in_o thirty_o six_o hour_n and_o soon_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n neither_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt-petre_n no●_n bay-salt_n nor_o salarmoniack_a be_v freeze_v in_o six_o day_n but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n freeze_v in_o a_o little_a more_o time_n than_o water_n and_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o tube_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n top_n and_o side_n all_o once_o whereas_o other_o liquor_n freeze_v uniform_o either_o at_o the_o top_n or_o bottom_n first_o salt-petre_n in_o a_o cold_a season_n be_v in_o twenty_o eight_o hour_n freeze_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n which_o be_v mistake_v for_o sal-prunel_a and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o that_o salt_n usual_o do_v a_o lixivium_n of_o it_o make_v with_o copperas_n or_o alum_n single_o or_o mix_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n or_o snow_n alone_o be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n salgem_n though_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o phlegm_n of_o vitriol_n freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o solution_n before_o mention_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v coagulate_v soon_o than_o any_o of_o the_o afore_o mention_v liquor_n except_o water_n a_o large_a tube_n be_v fill_v ¼_n with_o it_o and_o be_v freeze_v taste_v of_o a_o strong_a vitriolate_a taste_n the_o coagulate_v part_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n than_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v pour_v together_o in_o a_o bottle_n it_o become_v too_o hot_a to_o hold_v in_o one_o hand_n this_o coagulate_v part_v remain_v unthaw_v a_o week_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o another_o tube_n of_o the_o same_o oil_n be_v whole_o freeze_v it_o subsided_a ½_n a_o inch_n below_o its_o station_n to_o which_o it_o rise_v again_o upon_o a_o thaw_n but_o the_o other_o liquor_n rise_v upon_o congelation_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n but_o three_o part_n of_o ale_n continue_v unfreeze_v after_o six_o day_n hard_a frost_n but_o at_o four_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n taste_v much_o strong_a and_o brisk_a than_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n be_v less_o firm_a and_o full_a of_o bubble_n than_o common_a ice_n and_o be_v thaw_v be_v very_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a aleish_n taste_v a_o beer-glass_n of_o hull-ale_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o glass_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o half_o a_o crown_n and_o that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o yield_v another_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v these_o laminae_fw-la be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o taste_v but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o most_o tender_a this_o ale_n will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o which_o i_o expose_v before_o hull-ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o thirty_o five_o hour_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o soft_a ice_n which_o have_v the_o genuine_a

frost_n and_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o stone-building_n scale_v upon_o a_o thaw_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o north_n side_n of_o building_n first_o decay_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n that_o have_v chink_n in_o they_o usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n but_o solid_a marble_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v frost_n affect_v those_o stone_n or_o bituman_n which_o will_v bear_v a_o polish_v ice_n lay_v on_o a_o table_n and_o have_v salt_n strew_v upon_o it_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v without_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o salt_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o ice_n down_o to_o the_o board_n but_o if_o salt_n be_v strew_v betwixt_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o board_n it_o will_v not_o be_v freeze_v to_o it_o but_o thaw_v the_o follow_a salt_n cause_v not_o so_o firm_a a_o adhesion_n as_o common_a salt_n viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem_n prunel_n armon_n and_o pot-ash_n a_o nail_n hold_v betwixt_o my_o lip_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n a_o tincture_n of_o cochineel_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o another_o with_o a_o little_a sea-salt_n water_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o retain_v a_o equal_a colour_n in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o do_v a_o tincture_n of_o mades-weed_n and_o indigo_n a_o decoction_n of_o soot_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o concentration_n yet_o mr._n hook_n a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v observe_v the_o contrary_a effect_n egg_n and_o apples-froze_a differ_v not_o in_o weight_n nor_o do_v body_n weigh_v in_o seal_a glass_n frost_n render_v wood_n iron_n steel_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n more_o friable_a in_o frosty_a wether_n especial_o in_o those_o that_o be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o animal_n and_o fatten_v some_o it_o clear_v the_o air_n so_o that_o musty_a stone-bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v after_o a_o thaw_v be_v very_o sweet_a it_o likewise_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n so_o that_o in_o greenland_n nothing_o but_o glass_n grow_v as_o also_o in_o nova_n zembla_n ice_n the_o quality_n of_o ice_n as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v slippery_a smooth_a hard_a firm_a and_o strong_a diaphanous_a interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o whence_o proceed_v ray_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n i_o have_v see_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o thames_n eight_o inch_n thick_a and_o in_o garden-walks_a the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n thick_a but_o in_o rich_a soil_n it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n ice_n general_o swim_v but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n compress_v and_o moisten_v with_o water_n sink_v congeal_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n sink_v ice_n be_v cold_a than_o water_n and_o that_o quality_n be_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n or_o snow_n it_o have_v no_o smell_n but_o check_v that_o quality_n in_o other_o body_n it_o yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n promote_v freeze_v water_n fall_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n freeze_v and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n with_o sea-salt_n kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v promote_v freeze_v and_o if_o water_n be_v set_v upon_o such_o mixture_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n salt_n petre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o agitate_a in_o a_o cold_a season_n turn_v not_o the_o water_n into_o ice_n a_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n in_o a_o pan_n though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o the_o fire_n and_o thaw_v gradual_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v not_o water_n freeze_v in_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n in_o a_o cellar_n and_o likewise_o on_o sand_n and_o on_o the_o earthen_a floor_n they_o thaw_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o do_v egg_n and_o apple_n a_o syphon_n may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n through_o which_o water_n will_v run_v very_o fast_o another_o use_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n be_v for_o refraction_n of_o which_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v a_o learned_a demonstration_n have_v form_v ice_n into_o various_a figure_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o as_o those_o mention_v by_o dioptrick_n writer_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o by_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n behind_o it_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n deliver_v the_o follow_a proposition_n of_o it_o 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o the_o ray_n of_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_v and_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o globuli_fw-la by_o which_o they_o be_v reflect_v 3._o a_o cabbage_n putrify_v in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o snow_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v great_a housleek_n or_o american_n aloe_n destroy_v by_o cold_a in_o a_o upper_a room_n and_o sea-onion_n as_o well_o as_o common_a onion_n will_v be_v putrify_v by_o the_o cold._n 4._o snow_n yield_v vapour_n plentiful_o when_o melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n 5._o it_o melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n 6._o it_o contain_v a_o little_a earth_n in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a than_o old_a snow_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvygrass_n will_v grow_v under_o snow_n in_o garden_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v at_o a_o perfect_a stand_n the_o nutritious_a juice_n be_v congeal_v 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n whites_n of_o egg_n be_v beat_v into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n and_o this_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o trencher_n soon_o appear_v to_o be_v snow_n a_o pail_n be_v fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n hang_v over_o it_o the_o rise_a vapour_n stick_v to_o they_o form_v a_o hoar-frost_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v on_o the_o beard_n of_o man_n and_o the_o hair_n of_o other_o animal_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_n 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v flesh_n white_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o this_o bold_v in_o fish_n or_o flesh_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n this_o i_o can_v not_o discern_v 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v this_o 15._o a_o strong_a salt_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n it_o sometime_o fail_v the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v a_o spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o will_v freeze_v water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n weather-glass_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n and_o in_o part_n fill_v with_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o place_v one_o of_o they_o in_o a_o northwest_n window_n and_o the_o other_o in_o mr._n pullyn_n warehouse_n under_o st._n paul_n church_n in_o the_o warm_a place_n the_o spirit_n of_o both_o when_o they_o be_v settle_v on_o the_o fifteen_o of_o octob._n 62._o have_v the_o altitude_n of_o three_o inch_n and_o when_o that_o in_o my_o study-window_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n receive_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v two_o inch_n it_o subsided_a ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v the_o low_a station_n it_o subside_v to_o all_o winter_n and_o in_o april_n follow_v it_o rise_v not_o above_o the_o three_o inch_n it_o first_o stand_v at_o above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n though_o that_o in_o my_o study_n be_v raise_v four_o inch_n ¼_n in_o this_o cellar_n liquor_n that_o be_v freeze_v above_o ground_n will_v be_v thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o glass_n above_o ground_n subside_v into_o the_o ball_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cellar_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n in_o the_o cellar_n in_o january_n a_o pint-bottle_n of_o claret_n a_o glass-cane_n fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem._n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la in_o a_o night_n time_n be_v all_o freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o

chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o ●_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o ●_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o ●_o ⅙_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o ●_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o ⅛_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o ⅝_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o ⅞_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v

not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v it_o fluid_a fly_v away_o and_o evaporates_n for_o be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o spirit_n leave_v the_o camphire_n and_o be_v imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n it_o become_v a_o consistent_a mass_n again_o which_o that_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v on_o warm_a water_n but_o though_o cold_a shall_v depend_v primary_o on_o the_o influence_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n yet_o since_o those_o by_o act_v on_o the_o body_n cool_v may_v produce_v their_o effect_n by_o expel_v calorifick_a atom_n the_o privation_n of_o those_o calorifick_a atom_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o freeze_a so_o though_o a_o bullet_n kill_v a_o man_n yet_o the_o issue_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o life_n and_o when_o a_o room_n be_v darken_v by_o extinguish_v the_o light_n the_o darkness_n depend_v on_o the_o privation_n of_o light_n six_o a_o six_o the_o last_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la be_v this_o tametsi_fw-la multa_fw-la videantur_fw-la ex_fw-la sola_fw-la caloris_fw-la absentia_fw-la frigescere_fw-la nibil_n ominous_a nisi_fw-la frigus_fw-la extrinsicus_fw-la inducatur_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la profectô_o frigescere_fw-la quam_fw-la decalescere_fw-la sunt_fw-la censenda_fw-la esto_fw-la enim_fw-la lapis_fw-la lignum_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la calidum_fw-la nec_fw-la frigidum_fw-la sit_fw-la id_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la igni_fw-la calefiet_v sane_fw-la at_o cum_fw-la deinceps_fw-la calor_fw-la excedet_fw-la neque_fw-la frigidum_fw-la ullum_fw-la circumstabit_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la cur_n dicas_fw-la ipsum_fw-la frigefieri_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidum_fw-la fieri_fw-la rediere_fw-la in_o suum_fw-la statum_fw-la but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o coldness_n with_o respect_n to_o sense_n i_o see_v not_o why_o any_o body_n that_o grow_v hot_a by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o grow_v cold_a rather_o than_o decalescere_fw-la since_o heat_n be_v only_o too_o brisk_a a_o agitation_n for_o our_o sensory_a when_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o cause_n and_o a_o decline_a of_o that_o motion_n it_o become_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a we_o may_v not_o then_o say_v it_o grow_v cold_o and_o cold_o till_o it_o become_v ice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o have_v offer_v these_o argument_n against_o gassendus_fw-la yet_o i_o shall_v wave_v determine_v the_o controversy_n till_o further_o satisfy_v in_o some_o speculation_n and_o in_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o some_o particular_a experiment_n beside_o i_o will_v first_o know_v from_o those_o that_o will_v have_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o positive_a quality_n whether_o and_o on_o what_o account_n those_o little_a fragment_n of_o matter_n be_v cold_a whether_o their_o frigorifick_a atom_n have_v weight_n as_o also_o what_o be_v their_o texture_n and_o whether_o that_o quality_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v primitive_a body_n or_o not_o and_o why_o coldness_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o two_o warm_a body_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o solve_v of_o some_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o inquire_v how_o water_n come_v by_o its_o expansive_a force_n upon_o congelation_n and_o since_o cold_a be_v a_o privation_n of_o motion_n why_o upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o certain_a body_n cold_a ensue_v though_o their_o part_n be_v thereby_o put_v into_o motion_n chap._n xi_o two_o problem_n about_o cold._a a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o great_a expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n of_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a by_o the_o conflict_n of_o body_n appear_v to_o make_v a_o ebullition_n problem_n the_o first_o problem_n the_o first_o problem_n i_o shall_v propose_v be_v how_o upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o or_o three_o body_n there_o shall_v ensue_v a_o great_a and_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o small_a part_n and_o yet_o even_o during_o this_o conflict_n not_o any_o sensible_a heat_n but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v produce_v concern_v which_o i_o shall_v only_o propose_v the_o question_n whether_o local_a motion_n be_v not_o generical_a and_o whether_o the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o part_n various_o move_v may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o when_o various_o modify_v a_o sense_n of_o cold_a or_o whether_o the_o sense_n of_o cold_a depend_v not_o on_o some_o frigorifick_a atom_n which_o be_v let_v lose_v in_o the_o ebullition_n and_o affect_v the_o sensory_a which_o will_v otherwise_o perceive_v a_o hot_a sensation_n by_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o part_n with_o which_o cold_a aom_n be_v mix_v and_o which_o they_o overpower_v problem_n the_o second_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n be_v whence_o the_o vast_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n proceed_v for_o since_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o imminution_n of_o local_a motion_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a how_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o break_v resist_v body_n which_o require_v local_a motion_n to_o separate_v their_o part_n and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n yet_o till_o glaciation_n succeed_v notwithstanding_o water_n grow_v cold_a gradual_o it_o subside_v and_o do_v not_o expand_v and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o chemical_a oil_n the_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a they_o be_v expose_v to_o contract_v the_o more_o and_o some_o oil_n even_o when_o coagulate_v be_v condense_v instead_o of_o be_v expanded_a and_o as_o for_o what_o the_o cartesian_o offer_v for_o the_o removal_n of_o these_o difficulty_n it_o may_v well_o be_v question_v how_o their_o eel-like_a particle_n be_v relax_v and_o their_o spring_n weaken_v they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o expand_v in_o spite_n of_o opposition_n so_o that_o consider_v that_o water_n when_o expanded_a be_v full_a of_o bubble_n i_o be_v apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n and_o that_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n may_v give_v they_o a_o springiness_n freeze_v the_o great_a expansive_a force_n of_o water_n freeze_v to_o try_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n we_o convey_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o fit_v a_o plugg_n to_o it_o upon_o that_o we_o place_v a_o flat_a board_n to_o hold_v weight_n on_o and_o then_o the_o cylinder_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n in_o one_o experiment_n the_o plugg_n raise_v 115_o pound_n weight_n and_o in_o another_o 100_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o in_o a_o three_o 254_o pound_n weight_n three_o saline_a body_n each_o purify_v by_o the_o fire_n be_v mix_v together_o cold._n of_o the_o production_n of_o cold._n produce_v a_o cold_a effervescense_n with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o a_o considerable_a intumescense_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o glass_n which_o contain_v it_o will_v grow_v cold_a than_o before_o and_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n which_o will_v reach_v as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n but_o on_o the_o concave_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o be_v no_o dew_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o mixture_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o sweat_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n since_o it_o taste_v not_o in_o the_o least_o of_o saline_a ingredient_n but_o lest_o our_o sense_n shall_v misinform_v we_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o this_o mixture_n we_o at_o another_o time_n immerse_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n subside_v above_o four_o inch_n low_a than_o in_o common_a water_n though_o the_o acid_n liquor_n itself_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o room_n with_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v

penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n

of_o sal_fw-la armon_n and_o quicklime_n be_v flux_v together_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o powder_n put_v into_o water_n cause_v a_o violent_a heat_n though_o sal_fw-la armon_n itself_o produce_v cold._n experiment_n xxv_o we_o observe_v that_o beat_a sublimate_n be_v mix_v with_o powder_a antimony_n after_o it_o have_v stand_v some_o time_n in_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n grow_v sensible_o hot_a which_o phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v in_o part_n to_o the_o moisture_n imbibe_v from_o the_o air_n since_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v expose_v in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n experiment_n xxvi_o trial_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o summer_n fine_a sulphur_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o water_n will_v grow_v intense_o hot_a if_o stir_v about_o a_o hour_n after_o they_o be_v mix_v and_o will_v likewise_o emit_v steam_n copious_o experiment_n xxvii_o several_a trial_n have_v convince_v i_o that_o a_o mercury_n may_v be_v so_o prepare_v as_o to_o afford_v a_o incalescence_n with_o gold_n experiment_n xxviii_o have_v distil_v from_o quicksilver_n four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o powder_n which_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v white_a and_o glister_a and_o be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v it_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v manifest_o which_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o helmont_n observe_v that_o the_o salt_n adhere_v to_o the_o mercury_n corrode_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o it_o be_v wash_v off_o and_o coagulate_v become_v a_o kind_n of_o alum_n and_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v still_o the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o vitriolum_fw-la martis_n make_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o impel_v up_o as_o by_o the_o former_a mixture_n but_o after_o a_o while_n rather_o subside_v common_a sublimate_n dissolve_v in_o water_n neither_o sensible_o depress_v or_o raise_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 21._o 1675_o 6._o gold_n of_o mercury_n grow_v ho_o with_o gold_n have_v obtain_v a_o mercury_n fine_a and_o clean_o and_o even_o purge_v by_o sublimation_n and_o distillation_n and_o incorporate_v a_o multitude_n of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n with_o it_o so_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v and_o much_o less_o separate_v except_o by_o a_o skilful_a artist_n i_o mix_v sometime_o half_a and_o sometime_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o calx_fw-la of_o gold_n with_o this_o mercury_n in_o the_o palm_n of_o my_o hand_n stir_v and_o press_v it_o with_o the_o finger_n of_o my_o other_o hand_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o ingredient_n be_v mix_v they_o grow_v sensible_o hot_a in_o a_o minute_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v mix_v in_o equal_a quantity_n they_o will_v produce_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n than_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v not_o exact_a and_o the_o like_a success_n ensue_v when_o the_o mixture_n be_v preserve_v from_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o skin_n by_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n lay_v betwixt_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o and_o the_o same_o succeed_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o person_n but_o with_o silver_n it_o will_v not_o produce_v a_o incalescence_n but_o though_o this_o mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n yet_o i_o much_o question_n whether_o as_o chemist_n call_v they_o mercurii_n corporum_fw-la make_v by_o extraction_n from_o mineral_n and_o metal_n will_v grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n as_o i_o find_v antimonial_a mercury_n do_v and_o i_o be_o far_o from_o affirm_v that_o that_o which_o be_v call_v philosophic_a mercury_n or_o even_o those_o obtain_v from_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v fit_a for_o such_o use_n than_o common_a mercury_n skilful_o purge_v and_o impregnate_v with_o the_o subtle_a and_o active_a particle_n of_o congruous_a metal_n and_o mineral_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o this_o mercury_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o preserve_v its_o quality_n of_o grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o though_o it_o be_v distil_v from_o gold_n again_o and_o again_o and_o whereas_o its_o usual_a to_o take_v eight_o or_o ten_o part_n of_o quicksilver_n to_o make_v a_o amalgama_n with_o gold_n this_o mercury_n will_v do_v it_o be_v use_v in_o a_o equal_a proportion_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o prepare_v this_o mercury_n i_o do_v think_v it_o convenient_a to_o publish_v it_o only_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o way_n than_o one_o and_o without_o employ_v antimony_n or_o such_o solid_a metal_n as_o mars_n but_o that_o of_o we_o i_o observe_v succeed_v best_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o be_v mix_v with_o quercetanus_n calx_fw-la of_o gold_n viz._n by_o melt_a gold_n with_o three_o or_o four_o part_n of_o silver_n for_o by_o put_v this_o into_o aq._n fortis_fw-la the_o silver_n will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o gold_n remain_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o calx_fw-la but_o lest_o a_o incalescence_n produce_v by_o such_o a_o calx_fw-la shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o saline_a particle_n of_o the_o aq._n fortis_fw-la work_v on_o the_o quicksilver_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o will_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n on_o common_a quicksilver_n but_o we_o will_v cause_v a_o incalescence_n even_o with_o pure_a leaf-gold_n chap._n fourteen_o new_a experiment_n to_o make_v fire_n and_o flame_n ponderable_a experiment_n i._n a_o thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v place_v in_o a_o crucible_n which_o have_v a_o hole_n on_o purpose_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o this_o crucible_n be_v invert_v into_o another_o which_o contain_v flame_v sulphur_n so_o that_o the_o copperplate_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o in_o two_o hour_n the_o sulphur_n be_v consume_v the_o copperplate_n be_v manifest_o swell_v and_o though_o its_o weight_n at_o the_o first_o be_v but_o a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a and_o twenty_o five_o grain_n yet_o it_o become_v thirty_o two_o grain_n heavy_a which_o be_v about_o a_o five_o part_n above_o its_o former_a weight_n experiment_n ii_o refine_a silver_n be_v place_v over_o the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a weigh_v one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o three_o quarter_n its_o weight_n before_o be_v a_o dram_n want_v two_o grain_n whether_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pore_n that_o silver_n acquire_v not_o proportionable_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n as_o copper_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v but_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n like_o other_o menstruum_n may_v be_v unite_v with_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o a_o ounce_n of_o copper_n plate_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o shallow_a crucible_n in_o a_o cuppel_a furnace_n two_o hour_n weight_v thirty_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o but_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n in_o three_o hour_n time_n be_v cake_v into_o a_o lump_n and_o weigh_v forty_o nine_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o experiment_n v._n calcine_v hartshorn_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o brick_n be_v two_o hour_n in_o a_o cupel_a furnace_n the_o latter_a neither_o increase_v or_o lose_v of_o its_o weight_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o scale_n by_o imbibeing_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n cause_v it_o to_o preponderate_a but_o the_o hartshorn_n lose_v near_o eight_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o evaporation_n of_o some_o moist_a particle_n of_o the_o air_n because_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o while_n it_o increase_v in_o weight_n again_o experiment_n vi_o and_o vii_o a_o ounce_n of_o tin_n be_v calcine_v in_o a_o cupel_n under_o a_o mouffler_n in_o two_o hour_n have_v gain_v a_o dram_n in_o weight_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o lead_n place_v upon_o a_o cupel_n make_v of_o calcine_v hartshorn_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o litharge_n upon_o it_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cupel_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o fire_n yet_o the_o lead_n and_o it_o weigh_v seven_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o experiment_n viii_o a_o cupel_n make_v of_o ten_o part_n of_o bone-ash_n and_o one_o of_o charcoal-ash_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o ale_n weigh_v about_o two_o ounce_n and_o this_o be_v place_v under_o a_o mouffler_n and_o weigh_v again_o when_o it_o be_v thorough_o hot_a it_o weigh_v two_o grain_n more_o but_o be_v keep_v under_o the_o

may_v in_o part_n make_v amends_o for_o those_o corpuscle_n which_o have_v fly_v away_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o may_v be_v uncertain_a in_o other_o body_n which_o we_o have_v make_v trial_n with_o how_o much_o weight_n they_o have_v true_o receive_v from_o the_o fire_n since_o it_o be_v uncerain_v how_o much_o of_o their_o first_o weight_n may_v be_v lose_v in_o exhalation_n chap._n xvi_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o perviousness_n of_o glass_n to_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n experiment_n i._n to_o show_v that_o glass_n be_v pervious_a to_o the_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n i_o shall_v to_o the_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o subjoin_v that_o have_v fix_v a_o small_a pan_n which_o contain_v sulphur_n upon_o another_o which_o contain_v coal_n to_o continue_v its_o flame_n i_o contrive_v it_o so_o that_o nothing_o but_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n shall_v come_v at_o the_o retort_n and_o that_o the_o fire_n and_o smoke_n of_o the_o coal_n shall_v be_v carry_v off_o another_o way_n which_o be_v do_v two_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o tin_n be_v hermetical_o seall_v up_o in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v gradual_o expose_v three_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n there_o be_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o gray_a calx_fw-la at_o the_o bottom_n and_o upon_o some_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o which_o operation_n it_o gain_v four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v the_o metal_n acquire_v eleven_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v think_v that_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n depend_v upon_o particle_n of_o glass_n dissolve_v and_o fix_v upon_o the_o calces_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o several_a time_n expose_v glass_n to_o the_o fire_n without_o perceive_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n experiment_n ii_o though_o common_a sulphur_n be_v a_o body_n homogeneous_a enough_o consist_v of_o inflammable_a part_n and_o a_o acid_n near_o akin_a to_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o to_o vary_v the_o trial_n i_o make_v use_v of_o inflammable_a spirit_n of_o wine_n over_o the_o flame_n of_o which_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o a_o ounce_n of_o tin_n be_v hold_v for_o two_o hour_n the_o calx_fw-la be_v considerable_a in_o quantity_n be_v weigh_v together_o with_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o tin_n which_o be_v harden_v into_o a_o lump_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o have_v increase_v its_o weight_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a experiment_n iii_o a_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o retort_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n seven_o scruple_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o grayish_a calx_fw-la which_o be_v weigh_v again_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o appear_v the_o increase_n of_o weight_n be_v six_o grain_n nb._n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o flame_n which_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v turn_v into_o metal_n i_o weigh_v the_o calces_fw-la in_o air_n and_o water_n and_o find_v that_o whereas_o lead_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n as_o 11_o ½_n to_o 1_o this_o calx_fw-la be_v but_o as_o 9_o to_o 1._o from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o metal_n receive_v a_o increase_n of_o weight_n from_o flame_n and_o that_o too_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n but_o though_o i_o believe_v that_o glass_n be_v penetrable_a to_o the_o part_n of_o flame_n yet_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v that_o it_o be_v pervious_a either_o to_o chemical_a liquor_n quicksilver_n or_o air._n and_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v whether_o all_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n be_v fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n since_o metal_n acquire_v not_o so_o much_o weight_n when_o shut_v up_o in_o glass_n as_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a fire_n and_o it_o may_v be_v likewise_o consider_v whether_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v natural_o large_a enough_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o fire_n be_v igneous_a particle_n or_o whether_o their_o heat_n and_o rapid_a motion_n do_v not_o enlarge_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o contribute_v to_o their_o penetration_n of_o it_o for_o i_o know_v a_o menstruum_fw-la which_o will_v not_o work_v upon_o a_o metal_n whilst_o cold_a but_o when_o hot_a it_o will_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o powder_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o till_o i_o be_o further_a satisfy_v i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o determine_v whether_o the_o rectitude_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n contribute_v to_o the_o perviousness_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a vessel_n be_v pervious_a to_o the_o ponderable_a part_n of_o flame_n or_o not_o have_v lay_v down_o these_o doubt_n i_o shall_v thence_o deduce_v the_o follow_a corollary_n corollary_n i._o confirm_v the_o parodox_n that_o flame_n may_v act_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la and_o make_v coalition_n with_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o from_o the_o experiment_n lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o flame_n be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la not_o only_o in_o dissolve_v but_o by_o associate_a with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o and_o thereby_o to_o add_v substance_n and_o weight_n to_o they_o and_o though_o it_o render_v not_o lead_n and_o tin_n liquid_a yet_o it_o may_v still_o be_v account_v a_o menstruum_fw-la it_o not_o be_v a_o constant_a property_n of_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o dissolve_v the_o body_n into_o a_o liquid_a since_o tin_n dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o when_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v draw_v from_o quicksilver_n it_o leave_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v dissoluble_a in_o water_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o this_o menstruum_fw-la be_v that_o whereas_o other_o menstruum_n be_v several_a time_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n dissolve_v in_o this_o the_o corrosive_n make_v but_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o body_n corrode_v corollary_n ii_o propose_v a_o paradox_n about_o calcination_n and_o calces_fw-la from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o body_n may_v be_v calcine_v without_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o substance_n drive_v away_o and_o only_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o some_o fix_a salt_n remain_v behind_o as_o the_o generality_n of_o chemist_n and_o philosopher_n teach_v since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o our_o trial_n no_o considerable_a particle_n fly_v away_o but_o that_o the_o metal_n gain_v more_o than_o it_o lose_v and_o hence_o we_o may_v have_v reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o those_o who_o suppose_v saccharum_n saturni_n to_o be_v the_o sweet_a salt_n extract_v by_o the_o spirit_n whereas_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o plentiful_o concur_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o it_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o a_o metal_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n not_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n or_o terra_fw-la damnata_fw-la but_o the_o magistery_n of_o it_o since_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v preserve_v and_o it_o only_o with_o a_o solvent_a acquire_v a_o new_a form_n and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o dry_a calx_fw-la of_o lead_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o malleable_a metal_n again_o without_o flux-powder_n or_o any_o other_o additament_n corollary_n iii_o from_o the_o forego_n trial_n it_o likewise_o appear_v what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o epicurean_a and_o cartesian_a doctrine_n of_o fire_n the_o one_o teach_v that_o though_o fire_n may_v penetrate_v glass_n yet_o it_o pass_v through_o metal_n without_o be_v arrest_v by_o they_o and_o the_o other_o that_o igneous_a particle_n can_v penetrate_v glass_n whether_o fire_n be_v arrest_v in_o meat_n as_o it_o roast_v or_o not_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o if_o it_o do_v it_o may_v be_v considerable_a in_o reference_n to_o man_n health_n to_o employ_v fire_n which_o may_v be_v least_o noxious_a corollary_n iu._n from_o hence_o it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o so_o subtle_a spirituous_a and_o fugitive_n a_o body_n as_o fire_n may_v by_o unite_n with_o congruous_a part_n of_o matter_n form_n a_o ponderous_a and_o stable_a body_n and_o whether_o the_o sunbeam_n may_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o several_a body_n it_o work_v upon_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o i_o shall_v also_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v whether_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n and_o flame_n that_o be_v subtle_a and_o agitate_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n and_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o include_v body_n be_v reduce_v by_o ignition_n to_o the_o same_o form_n or_o else_o

convenient_a for_o the_o more_o commodious_a discern_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o try_v it_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n and_o fourthly_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o sulphur_n frequent_o so_o obscure_v the_o glass_n with_o its_o fume_n which_o partly_o stick_v to_o it_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discern_v what_o happen_v within_o the_o glass_n five_o it_o be_v requisite_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n shall_v be_v considerable_a that_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n may_v be_v more_o last_v the_o flame_a of_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o not_o the_o force_n of_o its_o own_o flame_n experiment_n iii_o a_o very_a volatile_a and_o saline_a pierce_a liquor_n be_v drop_v upon_o file_n of_o steel_n the_o mixture_n grow_v hot_a and_o emit_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o very_o fetid_v steam_n which_o will_v kindle_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o continue_v to_o burn_v a_o good_a while_n where_o we_o convey_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o air_n it_o flame_v brisk_a than_o before_o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o but_o after_o it_o go_v out_o it_o will_v not_o be_v kindle_v again_o though_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o it_o experiment_n iu._n spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o mineral_n which_o tinge_v its_o flame_n i_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o a_o small_a glass-lamp_n with_o a_o slender_a wick_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o half_a a_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o flame_n be_v extinguish_v but_o let_v air_n in_o and_o out_o as_o occasion_v require_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v the_o turn-key_n be_v successive_o draw_v almost_o out_o the_o flame_n last_v a_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o sometime_o long_o the_o turn-key_n be_v take_v out_o in_o the_o beginning_n it_o last_v two_o minute_n or_o better_o a_o pipe_n be_v bed_v in_o the_o cement_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o have_v at_o each_o end_n a_o open_a orifice_n almost_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o that_o which_o the_o turn-key_n usual_o fill_v the_o flame_n burn_v very_o well_o and_o will_v have_v continue_v long_o than_o it_o do_v if_o we_o will_v have_v permit_v it_o the_o orifice_n at_o the_o top_n be_v stop_v the_o low_a be_v leave_v open_a yet_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o be_v present_o refresh_v again_o yet_o in_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v experiment_n v._n water_n flame_n preserve_v under_o water_n though_o it_o be_v teach_v that_o naptha_n and_o camphire_n will_v burn_v under_o water_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o they_o will_v but_o three_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n a_o drachm_n of_o well_o burn_a charcoal_n good_a sulphur_n half_a a_o drachm_n of_o choice_n salt-petre_n near_o a_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v all_o powder_a and_o mix_v together_o a_o quill_n or_o a_o tobacco-pipe_n stop_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v with_o this_o mixture_n and_o kindle_v in_o the_o air_n will_v burn_v till_o it_o be_v whole_o consume_v under_o water_n the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n keep_v the_o water_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o it_o at_o the_o open_a end_n in_o which_o experiment_n flame_n seem_v to_o be_v continue_v without_o air_n there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o preserve_v it_o under_o water_n but_o what_o may_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n except_o some_o moist_a particle_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitre_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o preserve_v flame_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v rarify_v and_o form_n air_n for_o a_o time_n as_o the_o rarefy_v exhalation_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o be_v not_o true_a and_o permanent_a air_n but_o present_o return_v to_o water_n again_o experiment_n vi._n vacuo_fw-la of_o the_o flame_a of_o a_o metal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v place_v the_o piece_n of_o iron_n so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o receiver_n we_o design_v to_o let_v a_o parcel_n of_o sulphur_n fall_v upon_o it_o but_o when_o we_o go_v to_o drop_v the_o sulphur_n down_o by_o accident_n it_o fall_v on_o one_o side_n the_o iron_n and_o whilst_o we_o be_v consider_v what_o to_o do_v we_o discern_v a_o a_o blue_a flame_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o continue_v much_o long_o than_o that_o of_o ordinary_a sulphur_n and_o when_o we_o open_v the_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v afford_v by_o a_o metalline_a substance_n which_o lie_v melt_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v a_o composition_n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n but_o though_o these_o metal_n mix_v so_o open_v the_o body_n of_o each_o other_o as_o to_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a fuel_n for_o flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o will_v not_o the_o iii_o title_n of_o the_o difficult_a propagation_n of_o actual_a flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n have_v kindle_v some_o sulphur_n which_o be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n upon_o the_o iron_n so_o often_o mention_v i_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o spunk_n upon_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o flame_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n as_o black_a and_o brittle_a as_o tinder_n and_o dispose_v to_o kindle_v when_o touch_v with_o fire_n experiment_n ii_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o sulphur_n be_v kindle_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it camphire_n though_o in_o the_o open_a air_n dispose_v to_o draw_v the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o kindle_v by_o hang_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o and_o a_o match_n be_v partly_o dip_v in_o sulphur_n and_o let_v down_o upon_o the_o hot_a iron_n burn_v as_o far_o as_o the_o sulphur_n reach_v but_o no_o further_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o have_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o the_o plate_n of_o our_o pump_n and_o whelm_v over_o it_o a_o very_a clear_a and_o thin_a receiver_n we_o lay_v a_o train_n of_o gunpowder_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o by_o a_o good_a burning-glass_n several_a grain_n will_v be_v explode_v yet_o those_o will_v not_o kindle_v those_o that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o the_o propagation_n of_o flame_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o free_a access_n of_o air._n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o little_a instrument_n make_v to_o try_v gunpowder_n be_v charge_v and_o prime_v and_o suspend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n the_o prime_a will_v be_v explode_v yet_o that_o will_v not_o kindle_v the_o powder_n contain_v in_o the_o box_n but_o when_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o pan_n new_o prime_v though_o the_o receiver_n be_v shut_v it_o will_v in_o that_o close_a air_n go_v off_o ready_o and_o also_o in_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n v._n gunpowder_n be_v put_v into_o two_o bubble_n one_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o not_o they_o be_v place_v upon_o live-coal_n upon_o which_o when_o they_o have_v stand_v a_o while_n they_o where_o both_o burst_n in_o piece_n but_o without_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o flame_n which_o effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o coal_n act_v not_o only_o on_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o powder_n at_o once_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a area_n so_o that_o every_o particle_n be_v equal_o act_v on_o as_o to_o sense_n they_o be_v explode_v at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o the_o focus_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n act_v uniform_o on_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la cause_v it_o to_o explode_v at_o once_o but_o it_o may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o focus_n not_o sufficient_o warm_v one_o part_n a_o partial_a explosion_n will_v only_o ensue_v chap._n xviii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o air_n and_o the_o flamma_n vitalis_n of_o animal_n experiment_n i._n air._n animal_n include_v in_o receiver_n with_o flame_n and_o air._n rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass-lamp_n with_o a_o thin_a wick_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o small_a green-finch_n be_v both_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n eighteen_o inch_n high_a and_o which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o twenty_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o flame_n of_o the_o lamp_n be_v extinguish_v at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o minute_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v brisk_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o and_o when_o the_o bird_n recover_v again_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v

make_v its_o way_n out_o through_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v do_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o wood_n which_o lose_v its_o light_n in_o the_o rarefy_v air_n recover_v it_o again_o when_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o wood_n the_o rarify_v air_n be_v thereby_o condense_v again_o experiment_n x._o a_o shine_a fish_n which_o be_v very_o vivid_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o lustre_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o it_o which_o be_v less_o luminous_a lose_v its_o light_n in_o another_o receiver_n but_o recover_v it_o again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xi_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o fish_n which_o retain_v its_o light_n in_o some_o measure_n do_v it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o its_o nature_n i_o enclose_v a_o large_a piece_n of_o wood_n in_o a_o receiver_n but_o it_o lose_v its_o light_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o regain_v it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o rot_a shine_a fish_n be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la twenty_o four_o hour_n they_o regain_v their_o light_n again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o experiment_n xiii_o consider_v how_o much_o putrefaction_n contribute_v to_o the_o shine_a of_o fish_n and_o the_o air_n to_o putrefaction_n i_o take_v a_o fish_n and_o hang_v a_o piece_n in_o the_o air_n a_o little_a before_o the_o time_n they_o usual_o grow_v luminous_a i_o include_v another_o in_o vacuo_fw-la to_o try_v whether_o the_o fish_n will_v grow_v luminous_a there_o or_o whither_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v disclose_v its_o light_n but_o the_o attempt_n be_v twice_o make_v the_o one_o be_v frustrate_v by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o peculiar_a quality_n of_o a_o fish_n which_o in_o the_o air_n grow_v not_o luminous_a in_o the_o usual_a time_n nor_o much_o beyond_o it_o experiment_n fourteen_o a_o shine_a fish_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n be_v not_o at_o all_o affect_a upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n or_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xv._o a_o shine_a fish_n which_o lose_v not_o its_o lustre_n upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la forty_o eight_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n it_o lose_v its_o light_n whole_o till_o the_o air_n be_v readmit_v and_o then_o it_o shine_v again_o but_o the_o receiver_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v it_o lose_v its_o light_n in_o four_o hour_n but_o renew_v it_o again_o upon_o a_o re-access_n of_o air._n the_o suddenness_n of_o this_o renew_a light_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o those_o light_n which_o be_v sometime_o see_v in_o vault_n and_o cave_n new_o open_v and_o upon_o the_o first_o ingress_n of_o air_n but_o those_o be_v not_o so_o lasting_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o less_o tenacity_n of_o the_o substance_n which_o yield_v those_o luminous_a ray_n another_o fish_n be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la three_o day_n renew_v its_o light_n when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o but_o a_o three_o do_v not_o recover_v its_o luminous_a quality_n till_o it_o have_v remain_v sometime_o in_o the_o air._n and_o two_o other_o shine_a fish_n be_v include_v three_o day_n in_o vacuo_fw-la when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o that_o which_o be_v first_o most_v vivid_v recover_v its_o light_n first_o and_o the_o other_o sometime_o after_o chap._n xxi_o observation_n and_o trial_n about_o the_o resemblance_n and_o difference_n between_o a_o burn_a coal_n and_o shine_a wood._n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 1667_o 8_o resemblance_n wood._n resemblance_n of_o a_o shine_a coal_n and_o wood._n 1._o both_o of_o they_o afford_v light_n 2._o both_o of_o they_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o air_n to_o continue_v their_o light_n 3._o be_v deprive_v of_o light_n by_o withdraw_v the_o air_n they_o recover_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o re-access_n of_o it_o 4._o both_o of_o they_o will_v lose_v their_o light_n in_o water_n 5._o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n extinguish_v not_o their_o light_n for_o shine_a wood_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n tube_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o that_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n till_o water_n contain_v in_o another_o pipe_n be_v freeze_v it_o still_o continue_a light_n though_o a_o shine_a fish_n lose_v its_o light_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n difference_n difference_n their_o difference_n 1._o a_o live_a coal_n will_v be_v extinguish_v by_o compression_n but_o shine_a wood_n will_v not_o 2._o shine_v wood_n will_v recover_v its_o light_n when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o a_o coal_n will_v not_o 3._o shine_v wood_n will_v contive_a to_o give_v light_n in_o a_o close_a glass_n but_o the_o coal_n will_v not_o 4._o a_o coal_n emit_v smoke_n but_o the_o other_o do_v not_o 5._o a_o coal_n consume_v but_o the_o other_o do_v not_o 6._o a_o coal_n be_v hot_a but_o shine_a wood_n be_v not_o warm_a which_o i_o discover_v by_o apply_v to_o the_o shine_a wood_n the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n describe_v in_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a in_o who_o stem_n be_v contain_v a_o pendulous_a drop_n chap._n xxii_o some_o observation_n about_o shine_a flesh_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o december_n 16._o 1672._o dark_a a_o flesh_n which_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a a_o neck_n of_o veal_n which_o be_v observe_v one_o night_n to_o be_v luminous_a in_o the_o larder_n afford_v the_o follow_a phaenomena_n in_o a_o dark_a room_n 1._o it_o shine_v in_o several_a place_n those_o shine_a spot_n vary_v likewise_o in_o bigness_n and_o form_n 2._o the_o part_n which_o shine_v most_o be_v those_o grisly_a or_o bony_a place_n which_o the_o butcher_n cleaver_n have_v past_a and_o we_o perceive_v likewise_o that_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la do_v shine_v one_o place_n of_o a_o tendon_n shine_v and_o several_a spot_n in_o the_o flesh_n distant_a from_o the_o bone_n 3._o by_o the_o light_n afford_v by_o these_o spot_n i_o can_v discern_v several_a letter_n in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n the_o most_o vivid_v ray_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a blue_a like_o the_o tail_n of_o glow-worm_n neither_o a_o weatherglass_n or_o the_o touch_n can_v discover_v any_o more_o heat_n in_o those_o part_n than_o in_o other_o nor_o be_v they_o in_o the_o least_o putrid_a 4._o the_o window_n of_o the_o larder_n be_v northward_o and_o the_o floor_n a_o story_n below_o the_o kitchen_n and_o separate_v from_o it_o only_o by_o a_o board_v floor_n 5._o the_o wind_n be_v high_a and_o south-west_n the_o air_n be_v hot_a for_o the_o season_n the_o moon_n be_v past_o its_o last_o quarter_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n stand_v at_o 29_o 1_o 16_o inch_n 6._o a_o piece_n of_o a_o shine_a bone_n be_v cut_v off_o the_o thickness_n of_o half_a a_o crown_n shine_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o place_n it_o be_v cut_v off_o shine_v likewise_o but_o more_o faint_o 7._o the_o flesh_n lose_v some_o of_o its_o light_n by_o rub_v but_o impart_v no_o light_n to_o my_o hand_n but_o the_o flesh_n be_v press_v betwixt_o two_o piece_n of_o flesh_n it_o lose_v nothing_o of_o its_o light_n 8._o a_o piece_n of_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o inflammable_a spirit_n of_o wine_n lose_v its_o luminousness_n but_o in_o water_n it_o continue_v a_o hour_n without_o be_v impair_v but_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n it_o be_v diminish_v gradual_o and_o considerable_o 9_o i_o observe_v several_a luminous_a place_n in_o a_o leg_n of_o veal_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o same_o larder_n 10._o a_o piece_n of_o veal_n keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o phial_n shine_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o continue_v its_o light_n till_o the_o six_o day_n at_o night_n 11._o a_o pullet_n hang_v up_o in_o the_o same_o larder_n appear_v also_o to_o be_v luminous_a chap._n xxiii_o observation_n of_o a_o diamond_n that_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a diamond_n observation_n on_o diamond_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o diamond_n which_o though_o it_o will_v not_o yield_v light_n in_o the_o day_n will_v afford_v a_o conspicuous_a light_n in_o the_o night_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o explain_v the_o abstruse_a nature_n of_o light_n and_o though_o a_o great_a many_o think_v it_o no_o rarity_n that_o there_o be_v carbuncle_n and_o diamond_n which_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a yet_o there_o be_v some_o who_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o shine_a stone_n at_o all_o as_o boetius_fw-la de_fw-fr boot_n johannes_n the_o laet_n and_o olaus_n wormius_n yet_o vatemannus_n

that_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o call_v it_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n but_o though_o general_o it_o be_v colourless_a and_o transparent_a yet_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v opake_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n compare_v with_o each_o other_o 2._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o though_o consistent_a yet_o not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n but_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o a_o solid_a body_n like_o the_o unmelted_a tallow_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o may_v be_v melt_v in_o hot_a liquor_n without_o waste_n but_o in_o the_o air_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consume_v as_o to_o sense_n it_o be_v cold_a but_o be_v of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o it_o easy_o become_v hot_a upon_o agitation_n 3._o when_o hold_v in_o the_o air_n it_o yield_v a_o vivid_n light_n if_o wet_v over_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o not_o only_o shine_v but_o emit_v store_n of_o effluvia_fw-la as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n it_o cease_v to_o shine_v and_o also_o to_o smoke_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o it_o begin_v afresh_o and_o if_o part_v be_v immerse_v and_o part_n above_o water_n the_o latter_a will_v shine_v vivid_o though_o the_o other_o will_v not_o immerse_v the_o quality_n of_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v 4._o the_o water_n in_o which_o this_o noctiluca_n have_v be_v sometime_o immerse_v have_v a_o strong_a and_o penetrant_fw-la taste_n like_o a_o mixture_n of_o brine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o relish_v a_o little_a of_o vitriol_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o small_a concave_a vessel_n of_o silver_n over_o light_a coal_n and_o ash_n it_o evaporate_v very_o slow_o and_o will_v not_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n nor_o afford_v a_o dry_a salt_n but_o coagulate_v into_o a_o substance_n like_o a_o jelly_n or_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o melt_v by_o heat_n when_o keep_v on_o a_o hot_a fire_n it_o will_v first_o boil_v and_o then_o make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o the_o explosion_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o flash_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o if_o they_o be_v small_a be_v general_o blue_a like_a flame_n of_o sulphur_n but_o more_o vivid_n and_o sometime_o bluer_n but_o the_o great_a flake_n appear_v yellow_a and_o very_a luminous_a and_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v off_o when_o this_o matter_n be_v almost_o melt_v by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v it_o acquire_v a_o rosinous_a consistence_n and_o tinge_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blue_a by_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o it_o it_o acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n all_o night_n it_o turn_v to_o a_o liquor_n almost_o as_o strong_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n again_o it_o will_v afford_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n as_o before_o but_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o before_o break_v out_o in_o flash_n sometime_o rise_v only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n of_o a_o rank_a smell_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v small_a yet_o it_o afford_v flash_n plentiful_o for_o a_o hour_n not_o what_o liquor_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o cold_a water_n though_o the_o water_n will_v be_v thereby_o impregnate_v so_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la impregnates_fw-la wine_n or_o water_n without_o have_v its_o bulk_n diminish_v it_o ferment_v not_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal-armon_a nor_o do_v it_o lose_v its_o luminous_a virtue_n but_o will_v shine_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o cold_a will_v not_o dissolve_v it_o but_o when_o hot_a will_v melt_v it_o and_o it_o will_v lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o liquor_n aqu._n fortis_fw-la have_v not_o visible_a effect_n on_o it_o nor_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n when_o cold_a but_o the_o latter_a be_v hot_a it_o whole_o vanish_v in_o a_o night_n time_n without_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o melt_v by_o a_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o vial_n unstop_v it_o yield_v not_o only_o a_o light_n that_o be_v render_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o stander-by_n by_o its_o grateful_a smell_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v with_o oil_n of_o clove_n in_o which_o liquor_n when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o vial_n be_v open_v in_o a_o dark_a place_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o flash_n of_o flame_n very_o vivid_v which_o will_v last_v a_o minute_n and_o sometime_o if_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o the_o room_n the_o shine_a fluid_n will_v appear_v of_o a_o pleasant_a blueish_a colour_n and_o another_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o light_n will_v vanish_v whilst_o store_n of_o white_a fume_n remain_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o if_o the_o light_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a part._n in_o oil_n of_o mace_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v luminous_a nor_o in_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n this_o noctiluca_n continue_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o considerable_a time_n undiminish_a 6._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v include_v in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o leave_v some_o earthly_a part_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o do_v not_o discolour_v it_o upon_o unstop_v the_o vial_n no_o light_n appear_v but_o be_v drop_v into_o cold_a water_n the_o drop_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o those_o flash_n immediate_o disappear_v the_o water_n not_o be_v luminous_a which_o phaenomenon_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n i_o drop_v the_o impregnated_a spirit_n upon_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v that_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n succeed_v and_o this_o noctiluca_n diffuse_v its_o virtue_n so_o far_o that_o one_o grain_n impregnate_v a_o thousand_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o flash_n so_o sudden_o disappear_v it_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o sudden_a dispersion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n through_o the_o water_n and_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n so_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o drop_v upon_o cold_a water_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v immediate_o disperse_v through_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n discover_v a_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o part_n in_o the_o glacial_n noctiluca_n have_v dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n in_o a_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v gradual_o fifty_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n the_o noctiluca_n render_v the_o whole_a light_n when_o shake_v in_o the_o dark_a so_o that_o one_o grain_n render_v 100000_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o liquor_n luminous_a and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o steam_n appear_v luminous_a but_o the_o light_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a water_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o the_o exhalation_n which_o shine_v through_o that_o diaphanous_a water_n though_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v shake_v the_o whole_a mass_n appear_v luminous_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v a_o grain_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n dissolve_v in_o alkohol_n of_o wine_n and_o shake_v in_o water_n it_o render_v 400000_o time_n its_o weight_n luminous_a throughout_o and_o at_o another_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o impregnate_v 500000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o part_n of_o cochineel_n can_v communicate_v its_o colour_n to_o the_o utmost_a be_v 125000_o part_n of_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n â…›_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v undissolve_v and_o have_v we_o to_o the_o aforementioned_a estimate_n add_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o illuminate_v ambient_fw-la air_n the_o expansion_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n will_v have_v be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o abovementioned_a number_n denote_v but_o to_o demonstrate_v further_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o our_o noctilucal_n matter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o three_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_fw-la be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-bottomed_a glass_n that_o be_v broad_a at_o the_o top_n than_o the_o bottom_n and_o shallow_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v more_o full_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o shelve_v posture_n that_o upon_o its_o resolution_n in_o the_o moist_a air_n it_o may_v present_o run_v down_o and_o not_o hinder_v the_o free_a evaporation_n of_o the_o remain_a matter_n the_o vessel_n be_v thus_o place_v all_o the_o fragment_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n begin_v to_o shine_v brisk_o and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n so_o

that_o so_o small_a a_o parcel_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n continue_v to_o shine_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o follow_a circumstance_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o luciferous_a fume_n be_v visible_a both_o night_n and_o day_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n like_o smoke_n from_o so_o many_o chimney_n second_o this_o smoke_n be_v so_o copious_a and_o tenacious_a that_o it_o lose_v not_o that_o form_n till_o it_o rise_v a_o foot_n above_o the_o matter_n that_o afford_v it_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o sometime_o tend_v direct_o upward_o sometime_o horizontal_o and_o sometime_o downward_o as_o if_o their_o motion_n have_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o noctilucal_n fragment_n by_o which_o they_o be_v emit_v and_o one_o thing_n further_o observable_a be_v that_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o emit_v strong_a and_o odorous_a exhalation_n distinct_a from_o the_o visible_a fume_n as_o for_o the_o liquor_n which_o drop_v from_o this_o noctiluca_fw-la and_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o glass_n vessel_n i_o put_v it_o into_o a_o concave_a silver_n vessel_n and_o hold_v it_o over_o small-coal_n and_o ash_n where_o it_o evaporate_v not_o so_o easy_o as_o i_o expect_v but_o turn_v into_o a_o unctuous_a substance_n of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o be_v thence_o remove_v and_o hold_v over_o quick_a coal_n it_o boil_v and_o crackled_a like_o bay-salt_n cast_v into_o the_o fire_n and_o emit_v several_a successive_a flash_n another_o piece_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n which_o weigh_v three_o grain_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n funnel_n who_o stem_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o small_a pin_n head_n and_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o funnel_n be_v purposely_o place_v in_o a_o vial_n to_o catch_v the_o colliquated_a liquor_n and_o this_o be_v set_v in_o a_o south-window_n all_o day_n and_o place_v in_o my_o chamber_n at_o night_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o continue_v luminous_a no_o less_o than_o 360_o hour_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o extraordinary_a minuteness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a the_o weight_n of_o ●●r_a noctilucous_a matter_n colliquate_v exceed_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n itself_o two_o three_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v spread_v upon_o paper_n and_o hold_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n when_o the_o flame_n come_v to_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o burn_v away_o in_o a_o flash_a and_o splutter_v manner_n and_o crack_v like_o salt_n and_o some_o of_o this_o paper_n be_v put_v upon_o embers_o cover_v with_o ash_n the_o noctiluca_n will_v take_v fire_n and_o communicate_v its_o flame_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o to_o show_v its_o inflamability_n further_o i_o put_v a_o grain_n of_o it_o into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o it_o discolour_a not_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v partly_o red_a and_o partly_o blue_a yet_o when_o the_o spirit_n be_v consume_v and_o the_o flame_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o immersed_a phosphorus_n it_o take_v fire_n and_o emit_v a_o yellow_a flame_n copious_o and_o a_o piece_n of_o this_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n concentrate_v it_o burn_v very_o vivid_o and_o clear_a and_o the_o expire_a flame_n leave_v behind_o it_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n which_o form_v several_a circle_n like_o those_o of_o a_o sardonix_n whereof_o the_o large_a be_v white_a another_o yellow_a and_o the_o three_o red_a all_o the_o three_o colour_n be_v vivid_v and_o pleasant_a some_o part_n of_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o spoon_n be_v present_o resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la into_o a_o liquor_n as_o sharp_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o other_o part_n have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o air_n appear_v combustible_a another_o instance_n of_o the_o inflammability_n of_o it_o be_v by_o rub_v it_o in_o a_o mortar_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v it_o take_v fire_n and_o burn_v vivid_o but_o be_v soon_o extinguish_v by_o the_o fire_n noctiluca_n of_o the_o burn_a of_o body_n with_o the_o noctiluca_n if_o our_o noctiluca_n be_v press_v hard_o betwixt_o one_o finger_n or_o against_o a_o board_n it_o will_v feel_v sensible_o hot_a and_o will_v sometime_o be_v violent_a enough_o to_o scorch_v the_o skin_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o blister_v raise_v by_o its_o heat_n be_v not_o only_o more_o painful_a but_o hard_a to_o be_v cure_v than_o ordinary_a one_o but_o though_o some_o part_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v dispose_v to_o take_v flame_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o all_o equal_o prone_a to_o a_o incalescence_n to_o these_o observation_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o some_o of_o it_o be_v rub_v betwixt_o fold_n of_o paper_n for_o some_o time_n they_o take_v fire_n and_o so_o do_v it_o when_o rub_v with_o gunpowder_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o gunpowder_n be_v explode_v and_o once_o when_o my_o servant_n carry_v some_o of_o it_o in_o his_o pocket_n the_o glass_n be_v break_v the_o attrition_n and_o heat_n of_o his_o body_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n by_o which_o mean_v several_a holes_n be_v burn_v in_o his_o breeches_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o six_o part_n of_o sulphur_n and_o one_o of_o this_o be_v mix_v and_o beat_v with_o the_o haft_n of_o a_o knife_n the_o noctiluca_n shine_v through_o the_o paper_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o these_o ingredient_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o flame_n they_o immediate_o take_v fire_n and_o once_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o brimstone_n do_v not_o burn_v with_o a_o slow_a flame_n but_o flash_v away_o like_a gunpowder_n and_o once_o my_o laborant_fw-la have_v prepare_v some_o of_o it_o and_o try_v to_o write_v upon_o a_o dry_a board_n the_o force_n of_o attrition_n kindle_v the_o wood_n and_o afford_v not_o only_o vivid_o shine_v but_o burn_a letter_n to_o try_v what_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o saline_a noctilucal_n matter_n i_o drop_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o syrup_n of_o violet_n and_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v it_o green_a but_o of_o a_o fine_a carnation_n colour_n as_o acid_n spirit_n usual_o do_v and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o it_o present_o destroy_v the_o blue_a colour_n though_o not_o the_o other_o of_o the_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la i_o likewise_o pour_v some_o of_o this_o noctilucous_a liquor_n upon_o file_n of_o copper_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o air_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n i_o find_v that_o though_o the_o file_n be_v dissolve_v yet_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o tincture_n be_v not_o a_o deep_a azure_a as_o if_o make_v with_o a_o volatile_a urinous_a salt_n but_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o green_a and_o blue_a it_o likewise_o ferment_v with_o powder_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o also_o with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o salt_n be_v not_o urinous_a but_o of_o the_o family_n of_o acid_n but_o to_o proceed_v i_o enclose_v a_o parcel_n of_o this_o icy_a noctiluca_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n and_o another_o together_o with_o the_o water_n it_o come_v over_o with_o in_o distillation_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o former_a lose_v its_o light_n in_o four_o day_n and_o the_o other_o in_o about_o a_o week_n but_o to_o try_v whether_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o heat_n will_v not_o cause_v our_o noctiluca_n to_o take_v fire_n i_o enclose_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o hermes_n his_o seal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o fire_n the_o noctiluca_n present_o take_v flame_n and_o burn_v much_o long_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o when_o the_o flame_n be_v over_o we_o sometime_o observe_v a_o little_a liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fire_n acquire_v a_o red_a colour_n some_o of_o this_o noctiluca_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n egg_n and_o water_n pour_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v heat_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v melt_v we_o pour_v the_o water_n off_o upon_o which_o the_o noctiluca_n remain_v in_o the_o glass_n immediate_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n take_v flame_n and_o part_n of_o it_o run_v out_o with_o the_o water_n burn_v fierce_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o with_o a_o crackle_n noise_n the_o remain_a caput_fw-la mortuum_n appear_v red_a to_o which_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o beam_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n pass_v through_o a_o orange_n colour_v glass_n appear_v of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o though_o once_o i_o can_v not_o obtain_v any_o light_n from_o some_o of_o this_o noctiluca_n include_v in_o a_o vial_n with_o oil_n of_o

mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n which_o be_v so_o deep_a that_o the_o bladder_n be_v total_o immerse_v and_o yet_o not_o far_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n when_o by_o exhaust_v the_o air_n part_n of_o the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expand_v itself_o and_o take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o become_v so_o much_o more_o specifical_o light_a and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n which_o endeavour_v to_o buoy_v it_o up_o become_v respective_o great_a it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o suspend_v weight_n raise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v into_o its_o former_a dimension_n it_o subside_v again_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n

or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o 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fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n will_v sustain_v he_o but_o his_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n depress_n it_o for_o which_o reason_n in_o some_o sea-water_n which_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o their_o body_n divers_a find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o dive_v however_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o one_o hundred_o fathom_n divers_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a pressure_n especial_o upon_o their_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o some_o of_o they_o rather_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v they_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o haste_n which_o they_o rise_v and_o sink_v in_o since_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a pressure_n when_o they_o sink_v leisurely_o and_o i_o be_v likewise_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o when_o he_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n the_o blood_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o his_o nose_n and_o eye_n and_o another_o who_o dive_v in_o a_o leathern-case_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o press_v against_o his_o thorax_n and_o belly_n that_o he_o be_v force_v sudden_o to_o come_v up_o again_o but_o since_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o pressure_n be_v no_o more_o sensible_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o strong_a texture_n of_o a_o human_a body_n and_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n as_o to_o the_o first_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o our_o body_n to_o external_a pressure_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n

when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o incumbent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o able_a to_o break_v it_o though_o when_o a_o man_n hand_n be_v place_v there_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v it_o till_o some_o of_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o pressure_n which_o hold_v his_o hand_n down_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o foot_n high_a but_o to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o liquid_n upon_o solid_n contain_v in_o they_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a trial_n experiment_n i_o two_o and_o iii_o have_v place_v a_o egg_n betwixt_o two_o bladder_n half_o blow_v in_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o cautious_o put_v a_o plug_n upon_o they_o with_o as_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o as_o amount_v to_o thirty_o pound_n i_o place_v they_o all_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o expand_a bladder_n must_v needs_o press_v equal_o against_o the_o egg_n and_o the_o plug_n yet_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n be_v raise_v and_o the_o egg_n when_o take_v out_o as_o whole_a as_o before_o the_o weight_n it_o sustain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n being_n not_o quite_o so_o much_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o though_o the_o egg_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v so_o much_o weight_n when_o press_v upon_o uniform_o yet_o weight_n be_v successive_o lay_v upon_o the_o same_o egg_n expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n four_o pound_n weight_n crush_v it_o in_o piece_n and_o by_o further_a trial_n we_o find_v that_o a_o eggshell_n which_o have_v all_o the_o yelk_n and_o white_n take_v out_o as_o also_o a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n be_v place_v betwixt_o two_o bladder_n as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o least_o crack_v experiment_n iu._n to_o show_v that_o what_o we_o have_v teach_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o fluids_n will_v hold_v in_o water_n as_o well_o as_o air_n if_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a we_o enclose_v a_o egg_n 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thorax_n may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o compress_v than_o other_o part_n yet_o that_o part_n be_v natural_o dilate_v and_o contract_v a_o little_a pressure_n may_v make_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o diver_n that_o at_o a_o consicerable_a depth_n he_o perceive_v a_o painful_a pressure_n upon_o the_o drum_n of_o his_o ear_n till_o he_o contrive_v a_o way_n to_o guard_v they_o from_o that_o inconveniency_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o in_o that_o part_n there_o be_v not_o a_o equal_a internal_a pressure_n to_o resist_v and_o counterbalance_v the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n chap._n v._o a_o invention_n for_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n with_o ordinary_a balance_n or_o weight_n communicate_v in_o the_o pub._n transact_v of_o aug._n 16._o 1669._o a_o bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pullet_n egg_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n turn_v upon_o at_o the_o end_n be_v heat_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v most_o of_o it_o expel_v seal_v up_o and_o then_o be_v by_o a_o convenient_a weight_n of_o lead_n immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o counterpoise_v and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o with_o a_o forceps_n so_o much_o water_n get_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n as_o require_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o eight_o grain_n to_o reduce_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la which_o be_v do_v we_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n into_o another_o glass_n which_o be_v counterpose_v and_o we_o find_v that_o it_o weigh_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o grain_n which_o together_o with_o what_o be_v evaporate_v and_o lose_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o apex_n amount_v to_o the_o weight_n first_o mention_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n weight_v as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n which_o according_a to_o the_o best_a computation_n we_o can_v make_v succeed_v a_o second_o time_n in_o a_o large_a bubble_n as_o for_o the_o objection_n which_o mr._n george_n sinclair_n have_v make_v to_o this_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o author_n that_o he_o only_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o expression_n i_o shall_v wave_v what_o he_o there_o say_v as_o not_o at_o all_o requisite_a in_o this_o place_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v to_o explain_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n viz._n that_o it_o gravitates_fw-la or_o weigh_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o tend_v downward_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o specific_a weight_n though_o it_o do_v not_o preponderate_a that_o be_v the_o parcel_n of_o water_n weigh_v have_v but_o a_o equal_a tendency_n downward_o with_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n but_o upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n it_o preponderate_v as_o much_o as_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v its_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n chap._n vi_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o by_o new_a experiment_n before_o i_o proc_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o though_o i_o can_v ready_o assent_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a conclusion_n lay_v down_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n discourse_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v they_o by_o i_o must_v own_v i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o they_o since_o he_o make_v use_v of_o such_o as_o require_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v sit_v under_o water_n fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tube_n lean_v upon_o his_o thigh_n but_o he_o neither_o acquaint_v we_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o continue_v there_o or_o how_o he_o shall_v discern_v the_o alteration_n in_o the_o mercury_n or_o other_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n beside_o such_o experiment_n as_o he_o propose_v require_v tubes_fw-la twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o vessel_n as_o many_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v get_v in_o england_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o obtain_v from_o a_o tradesman_n brass_n cylinder_v or_o plugg_n make_v with_o so_o much_o mathematical_a exactness_n as_o he_o propose_v have_v therefore_o contrive_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n contain_v in_o the_o forego_n paradox_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o examine_v they_o i_o shall_v premise_v a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o way_n of_o postulatum_fw-la or_o a_o lemma_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o if_o a_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n have_v the_o low_a of_o they_o under_o water_n there_o pass_v a_o imaginary_a plain_n which_o touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o likewise_o as_o to_o sense_n to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v consonant_n second_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v even_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o this_o plain_n will_v equal_o press_v on_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o but_o three_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o this_o plain_a than_o another_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v under_o that_o stone_n will_v be_v displace_v as_o the_o stone_n subside_v successive_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o there_o be_v less_o pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a than_o on_o another_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o part_n so_o high_a till_o the_o liquor_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plain_n gravitates_fw-la equal_o as_o the_o water_n

incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o 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receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v 905_o grain_n so_o that_o allow_v the_o air_n contain_v to_o take_v up_o one_o four_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v ¼_n probable_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v about_o a_o grain_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n weigh_v little_o more_o than_o nine_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o air._n paradox_n i._n paradox_n 1_o that_o in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a if_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 1._o a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n the_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v immerse_v which_o contain_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o that_o oil_n be_v suspend_v there_o by_o keep_v the_o upper_a orifice_n close_o after_o it_o have_v be_v suck_v up_o to_o a_o convenient_a height_n till_o the_o pipe_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o the_o water_n if_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o qui_fw-fr be_v immerse_v till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o oil_n x_o q_o press_v no_o more_o upon_o that_o imaginary_a surface_n than_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n than_o the_o oil_n will_v be_v suspend_v there_o and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n below_o it_o but_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v much_o above_o the_o water_n and_o it_o press_v more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n than_o the_o water_n without_o than_o it_o will_v make_v its_o way_n through_o that_o surface_n till_o the_o oil_n within_o and_o the_o water_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la again_o so_o that_o they_o both_o equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o surface_n d_o s_o and_o gradual_o on_o to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o for_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n grow_v preponderant_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o tube_n t_o v_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o but_o a_o little_a water_n press_v upon_o that_o surface_n the_o oil_n be_v almost_o whole_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o it_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o raise_v the_o pipe_n p_o q_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o the_o position_n n_n o_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o pipe_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o cylinder_n or_o oil_n w_n ae_n which_o be_v only_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n lean_v on_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n the_o oil_n must_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n and_o the_o space_n o_o ae_n fill_v with_o water_n so_o 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if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n within_o be_v general_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_a three_o small_a pipe_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o these_o experiment_n because_o in_o large_a the_o emerge_v oil_n pass_v through_o the_o water_n obscure_v the_o light_n of_o what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v visible_a four_o we_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o liquor_n because_o clear_v and_o colourless_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o stain_v one_o clothes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o offensive_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v correct_v with_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n or_o any_o other_o odoriferous_a oil_n though_o any_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n five_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n may_v be_v tinge_v with_o copper_n to_o render_v the_o phaenomena_n within_o more_o visible_a for_o which_o reason_n we_o often_o employ_v a_o decoction_n of_o brasil_n instead_o of_o clear_a water_n or_o of_o log-wood_n or_o red_a ink_n itself_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la

deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n these_o liquor_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o mingle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o instead_o of_o fair_a water_n 06_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o sea-salt_n when_o the_o other_o be_v not_o easy_o get_v and_o when_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n along_o with_o the_o other_o two_o and_o by_o depress_v a_o tube_n into_o they_o with_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n exhibit_v very_o please_a phaenomena_n paradox_n ii_o that_o a_o light_a fluid_n may_v gravitate_fw-la or_o weigh_v upon_o a_o heavy_a paradox_n 2_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a since_o all_o body_n have_v a_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v to_o press_v downward_o though_o sometime_o they_o have_v a_o respective_a levity_n as_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n emerge_n in_o water_n yet_o nevertheless_o that_o relative_a levity_n argue_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o since_o though_o when_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n notwithstane_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o weight_n he_o will_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a tendency_n of_o it_o downward_o but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a see_v plate_n second_o fig._n 2._o where_o suppose_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n i_o g_o 2._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 2._o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n to_o the_o immaginary_a surface_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n i_o h_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o oil_n it_o will_v equal_o ponderate_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o as_o the_o light_a oil_n k_o e_o l_o i_o and_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v deep_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v not_o equiponderant_a with_o the_o extenal_a oil_n the_o oil_n will_v though_o a_o light_a body_n in_o specie_fw-la rise_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o buoy_n up_o the_o water_n again_o the_o bubble_n x_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o glass_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o air_n which_o be_v light_a 3._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 3._o or_o partly_o of_o water_n itself_o which_o be_v specifical_o as_o heavy_a as_o long_o as_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v be_v light_a than_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n it_o will_v float_v but_o if_o it_o grow_v heavy_a it_o will_v sink_v and_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n by_o which_o the_o include_v air_n may_v be_v compress_v the_o bubble_n will_v subside_o but_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o air_n expand_v itself_o again_o it_o will_v as_o soon_o emerge_n the_o water_n that_o be_v before_o suck_v in_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v expel_v but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o second_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o have_v put_v a_o glass-bubble_n pretty_a well_o poise_v into_o a_o tube_n fill_v within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n with_o water_n it_o swim_v there_o till_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o then_o more_o water_n be_v force_v into_o the_o bubble_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n it_o present_o subside_v but_o when_o part_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v take_v off_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n force_v the_o impress_a water_n out_o again_o the_o bubble_n present_o immerge_v and_o for_o a_o further_a confimation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n swim_v in_o a_o tube_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n though_o depress_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o wire_n yet_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o again_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o before_o but_o if_o it_o be_v hold_v under_o water_n till_o more_o be_v pour_v in_o and_o till_o it_o rise_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v depress_v it_o but_o if_o that_o water_n be_v gradual_o take_v off_o the_o bubble_n will_v present_o emerge_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v why_o in_o these_o trial_n i_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o in_o such_o slender_a pipe_n as_o the_o first_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n flow_v down_o one_o side_n the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n will_v rise_v on_o the_o other_o which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n shall_v teach_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n fill_v with_o mercury_n be_v immerse_v fourteen_o foot_n under_o water_n if_o the_o tube_n be_v fourteen_o foot_n long_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o whole_o run_v out_o but_o continue_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o i_o the_o more_o wonder_n at_o it_o since_o probable_o the_o impetus_fw-la will_v make_v it_o descend_v and_o since_o the_o like_a will_v not_o succeed_v with_o much_o more_o favourable_a circumstance_n betwixt_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n paradox_n iii_o paradox_n 3_o that_o if_o a_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_o than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v press_v upward_o by_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v it_o beneath_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o first_o paradox_n for_o wherever_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v beneath_o the_o real_a one_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v incumbent_n on_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n that_o part_n on_o which_o the_o immersed_a body_n chance_v to_o lean_v must_v have_v a_o proportionable_a endeavour_n upward_o and_o if_o that_o endeavour_n be_v great_a than_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o though_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o overpower_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o yet_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o water_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resist_v the_o subside_v of_o that_o body_n and_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n for_o as_o more_o oil_n be_v externa_o pour_v on_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v and_o buoy_v up_o in_o the_o pipe_n by_o the_o subjacent_a oil_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o oil_n do_v not_o press_v against_o it_o beneath_o and_o even_o when_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o latter_a press_n upward_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o resist_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a whether_o we_o suspend_v oil_n in_o water_n or_o water_n in_o oil_n and_o that_o the_o water_n make_v a_o resistance_n to_o body_n that_o descend_v in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 4._o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a scheme_n for_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n e_o f_o to_o contain_v oil_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o when_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n without_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v drop_n of_o oil_n will_v fall_v out_o but_o much_o more_o slow_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o will_v not_o break_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n but_o further_a it_o not_o only_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o since_o as_o long_o as_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v in_o aequilibrium_fw-la they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v each_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n but_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o a_o liquor_n of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o water_n be_v place_v in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v remain_v in_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o water_n obstruct_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o itself_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o lead_n be_v let_v down_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o scale_n in_o the_o air_n will_v manifest_o preponderate_v which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o resistance_n of_o fluid_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o body_n may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o

water_n be_v raise_v by_o it_o as_o wood_n and_o drop_n of_o oil_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o low_a part_n n_n than_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o the_fw-mi be_v a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n a_o k._n b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h._n b_o ay_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_n for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n it_o be_v consequent_o unable_a to_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wherever_o it_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n gradual_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o above_o and_o the_o other_o below_o and_o the_o low_a be_v long_a by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rise_a body_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o more_o or_o less_o swift_o as_o the_o low_a basis_n press_v more_o or_o less_o on_o the_o subjacent_a superficies_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o two_o piece_n of_o stick_n of_o a_o different_a length_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o long_a rise_v the_o fast_o for_o if_o o_o p_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o q_o r_o but_o one_o and_o both_o rest_v upon_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n the_o one_o have_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o foot_n long_o to_o resist_v its_o rise_n than_o the_o other_o and_o as_o the_o emerge_a body_n rise_v slow_a as_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a pillar_n of_o water_n be_v less_o so_o thence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o some_o liquor_n who_o whiteness_n depend_v on_o the_o intermixture_n of_o drop_n be_v so_o long_a a_o rise_n the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o render_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a pillar_n of_o air_n inconsiderable_a but_o as_o these_o drop_n by_o move_v up_o and_o down_o unite_v into_o large_a the_o difference_n grow_v more_o considerable_a they_o be_v according_o buoy_v up_o in_o less_o time_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 2._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 2._o that_o these_o body_n float_v upon_o water_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o wood_n be_v by_o its_o specify_v gravity_n only_o so_o far_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vial_n a_o b._n c_o d_o till_o the_o water_n about_o it_o make_v a_o equal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n x_o w_n and_o because_o the_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la as_o water_n therefore_o part_n be_v keep_v emerge_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a port_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v place_v several_a mark_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o float_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o water_n put_v just_a so_o much_o water_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o those_o mark_n by_o that_o mean_v i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o float_a vessel_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o end_n may_v be_v obtain_v another_o way_n viz._n by_o first_o fill_v a_o cistern_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n by_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o know_a capacity_n and_o then_o have_v empty_v it_o again_o for_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v in_o that_o cistern_n or_o pond_n and_o water_n put_v into_o the_o cistern_n again_o till_o it_o float_v the_o vessel_n and_o fill_v the_o cistern_n or_o pond_n full_a as_o much_o as_o it_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n first_o contain_v in_o the_o cistern_n so_o much_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a body_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v however_o to_o make_v it_o plain_o if_o possible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v suck_v up_o about_o a_o inch_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o whilst_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o one_o thumb_n it_o be_v depress_v in_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o then_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o that_o and_o when_o one_o thumb_n be_v take_v off_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o external_a fluids_n will_n by_o their_o pressure_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n though_o not_o quite_o so_o high_a as_o the_o oil_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n and_o that_o light_a than_o itself_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o may_v illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o water_n be_v buoy_v up_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n by_o the_o rise_a sucker_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v within_o the_o pipe_n i_o take_v likewise_o a_o small_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v immerse_v it_o a_o inch_n in_o quicksilver_n i_o put_v my_o thumb_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o i_o have_v immerse_v the_o tube_n eighteen_o inch_n in_o oil_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n it_o be_v not_o only_o keep_v from_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o raise_v a_o little_a and_o as_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v some_o of_o the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v out_o so_o when_o it_o be_v depress_v the_o mercury_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o external_a liquor_n upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o to_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o nine_o or_o thirty_o digit_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o three_o or_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a paradox_n five_o paradox_n v._o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o several_a pipe_n though_o those_o pipe_n be_v of_o very_o different_a diameter_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v represent_v in_o fig._n 6._o plate_n the_o second_o 2._o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n 2._o for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o that_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o that_o cork_n have_v four_o hole_n in_o three_o of_o which_o the_o pipe_n be_v fix_v and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o tunnel_n and_o if_o when_o so_o much_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o as_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n down_o low_o and_o the_o oil_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v into_o the_o pipe_n l._n m._n n._n by_o its_o weight_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v to_o o_o p_o q_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o rest_v at_o e_o f_o be_v depress_v down_o to_o i_o k_o upon_o which_o imaginary_a surface_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tubes_fw-la answerable_a to_o their_o bulk_n make_v a_o equivalent_a pressure_n with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a oil_n of_o the_o same_o boar_n the_o water_n must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o all_o except_o the_o last_o pipe_n be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o

so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o which_o press_v upon_o the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_n g_o h_n contribute_v to_o render_v the_o vessel_n more_o close_o and_o to_o obstruct_v its_o own_o passage_n whereupon_o we_o tie_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o string_n i_o k_o to_o a_o beam_n and_o put_v so_o many_o weight_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o from_o the_o rim_n g_o h._n and_o then_o deduct_v from_o that_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o false_a bottom_n and_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o broad_a cylindrical_a box_n b_o e_o c_o h._n g_o d_o f_o we_o find_v that_o the_o pressure_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o c_o d_o be_v much_o great_a than_o what_o read_v stevinus_n will_v make_v one_o expect_v and_o than_o all_o the_o water_n contain_v both_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o cylinder_n will_v have_v be_v have_v it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o uniform_a cylinder_n paradox_n vii_o paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_n increase_v this_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v represent_v by_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o five_o 5._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 5._o where_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n g_o f_o k_n and_o they_o sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o so_fw-mi that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n the_o imaginary_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n g_o will_v suspend_v it_o there_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v the_o oil_n become_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o so_o short_a a_o cylinder_n the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n will_n force_v it_o out_o of_o the_o orifice_n g_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v further_o immerse_v the_o water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o fill_v part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n below_o it_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v 6._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 6._o that_o have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n abcd_v represent_v by_o fig._n six_o plate_n the_o three_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n and_o bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n a_o hole_n to_o receive_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n and_o the_o other_o e_o f_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n g_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n likewise_o and_o then_o pour_v in_o water_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o till_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o be_v so_o nice_o poise_v that_o it_o swim_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o pour_v in_o more_o water_n the_o surface_n be_v raise_v to_o k_o the_o bubble_n x_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n e_o press_v upon_o the_o whole_a water_n within_o the_o glass_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o not_o only_o press_v upon_o that_o subjacent_a but_o likewise_o upon_o those_o part_n that_o be_v latteral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o even_o the_o cork_n that_o be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o be_v press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o and_o oblique_o too_o appear_v since_o if_o the_o orifice_n g_o be_v not_o close_o stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o it_o and_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n it_o be_v only_o stop_v with_o one_o thumb_n one_o may_v perceive_v a_o evident_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o it_o and_o that_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o bubble_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o appear_v since_o if_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v off_o by_o incline_v the_o vial_n it_o will_v praesenti_fw-la emerge_fw-la again_o and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n worthy_a our_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n a_o b._n c_o d_o be_v not_o whole_o fill_v but_o the_o space_n betwixt_o l_o m_o fill_v with_o air_n yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o different_a fluid_n may_v be_v so_o easy_o communicate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o the_o bubble_n will_v descend_v equal_o as_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n paradox_n viii_o paradox_n viii_o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n will_v be_v easy_o make_v out_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o if_o a_o glass_n syphon_n 7._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 7._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o three_o be_v fill_v from_o h_n to_o i_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o till_o the_o orifice_n a_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v under_o water_n if_o then_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v unstop_v and_o the_o whole_a tube_n e_o i_o f_o g_o h_n be_v depress_v gradual_o the_o incumbent_n water_n h_n k_o will_v press_v the_o oil_n out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n h_n g_o into_z the_o longer_z e_z f._n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o second_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v provide_v a_o pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8._o and_o suck_v so_o much_o oil_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v the_o space_n l_o m_o n_o p_o 〈◊〉_d see_v fig._n 〈◊〉_d i_o immerse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o upon_o the_o open_n the_o orifice_n o_o as_o the_o pipe_n be_v gradual_o depress_v the_o oil_n be_v press_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o to_o n_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o what_o height_n i_o please_v in_o the_o pipe_n o_o p_o n._n paradox_n ix_o paradox_n ix_o that_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_o than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o body_n light_a than_o water_n emerge_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o oil_n in_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o water_n below_o oil_n may_v be_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o try_v the_o result_n i_o suck_v a_o inch_n of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n suspend_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n i_o remove_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o oil_n and_o then_o open_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o it_o i_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v it_o so_o far_o in_o that_o till_o the_o water_n below_o the_o oil_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o water_n above_o it_o in_o which_o station_n the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n the_o oil_n q._n r._n be_v suspend_v betwixt_o the_o water_n s._n r._n and_o that_o below_o it_o p._n q._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n t._n s._n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d._n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o oil_n and_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o press_v equal_o on_o the_o surface_n g._n h._n with_o the_o external_a water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o as_o plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o represent_v paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphony_n paradox_n x_o and_o of_o flow_v through_o they_o may_v be_v explain_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o 2._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 2._o we_o provide_v a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b._n c_o d._n of_o a_o convenient_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o

yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n as_o also_o a_o syphon_n with_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o to_o which_o be_v join_v a_o pipe_n e_o k_n and_o to_o each_o of_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o syphon_n we_o tie_v a_o glass_n pipe_n seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v water_n contain_v in_o each_o to_o the_o height_n there_o delineate_v thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n must_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o tube_n a_o b._n c_o d_o but_o that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o x_o in_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o water_n till_o it_o reach_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n f_o k_n g_o and_o then_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o the_o syphon_n and_o run_v into_o the_o low_a vessel_n h._n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v through_o a_o syphon_n by_o pressure_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o free_a communication_n of_o air_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o k_n without_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n in_o which_o experiment_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v ask_v why_o the_o water_n do_v not_o rather_o run_v out_o of_o the_o bipe_n h_n into_z g_z than_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o external_o the_o oil_n be_v deep_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n and_o consequent_o press_v more_o upon_o it_o yet_o the_o tube_n g_o on_o the_o other_o side_n instead_o of_o have_v that_o pressure_n of_o oil_n have_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a length_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o oil_n raise_v the_o water_n out_o of_o that_o tube_n more_o forcible_o than_o it_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o other_o and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o once_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o syphon_n though_o there_o be_v a_o long_o cylinder_n of_o air_n upon_o that_o end_n which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o low_a vessel_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n on_o the_o other_o because_o beside_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o water_n but_o if_o the_o syphon_n be_v above_o 34_o or_o 35_o foot_n high_a the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v through_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v unable_a to_o raise_v water_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o these_o experiment_n be_v that_o if_o when_o the_o water_n be_v run_v through_o these_o syphon_n a_o small_a hole_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o syphon_n the_o air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o well_o as_o without_o it_o it_o will_v cease_v to_o run_v though_o the_o hole_n be_v no_o big_a than_o one_o make_v with_o a_o needle_n which_o hole_n if_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o needle_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o syphon_n be_v render_v fit_a for_o use_v paradox_n xi_o paradox_n xi_o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n than_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o descent_n be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n to_o demonstrate_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o paradox_n 3._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 3._o we_o must_v fill_v the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o 4._o fig._n the_o three_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v near_o three_o foot_n in_o which_o water_n if_o we_o suppose_v the_o weight_n e_o f_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o specific_a gravity_n the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o other_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a be_v not_o equiponderant_a but_o if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v above_o nine_o time_n as_o thick_a as_o it_o they_o will_v counterbalance_v it_o for_o which_o reason_n be_v there_o no_o water_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v subside_v no_o further_o and_o be_v a_o method_n contrive_v to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o press_v upon_o it_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v suppose_v it_o to_o lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n l_o m._n and_o to_o show_v that_o be_v the_o weight_n so_o depress_v free_a from_o incumbent_a water_n it_o will_v not_o subside_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v then_o the_o brass_n body_n e_o f_o 4_o see_v plate_n 4_o fig._n 4_o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 4._o be_v the_o cover_n of_o a_o brass_n valve_fw-la the_o valve_n be_v fasten_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o glass_n pipe_n o_o p_o the_o body_n e_o f_o must_v by_o pull_v a_o hair_n fire_v to_o the_o button_n of_o valve_n q_n close_v the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v convey_v under_o water_n a_o foot_n deep_a the_o cement_n and_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n o_o p_o will_v keep_v the_o water_n off_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o consequent_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n v_o w_n will_v only_o be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o sole_a weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o but_o the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o surface_n by_o the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v bear_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v till_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n and_o near_o x_o in_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n the_o body_n will_v be_v no_o long_o support_v but_o if_o upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n when_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v let_v down_o to_o the_o surface_n r_o s_o a_o weight_n l_o be_v suspend_v at_o it_o that_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sever_v the_o body_n from_o the_o valve_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n in_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n to_o fly_v to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la to_o explain_v the_o reason_n why_o two_o exact_o polish_a marble_n when_o contiguous_a be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v separate_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v under_o this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o when_o the_o weight_n l_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o button_n qui_fw-fr the_o body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v separate_v before_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o k._n appendix_n i._o objection_n to_o evince_v that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o water_n press_v not_o upon_o the_o low_a answer_v objection_n answer_v answer_v the_o first_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n press_v upon_o the_o low_a the_o low_a will_v be_v condense_v but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o water_n consist_v of_o part_n though_o minute_n yet_o very_o solid_a it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v since_o in_o a_o heap_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o diamond_n the_o low_a be_v no_o more_o compress_v than_o the_o superficial_a one_o beside_o it_o have_v not_o be_v find_v that_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v compress_v by_o any_o force_n we_o can_v use_v and_o though_o it_o be_v further_o urge_v that_o plant_n grow_v in_o the_o sea_n without_o be_v depress_v yet_o that_o happen_v because_o the_o pressure_n be_v not_o only_a incumbent_n but_o collateral_a likewise_o and_o so_o contribute_v to_o sustain_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o collateral_a pressure_n be_v great_a than_o the_o incumbent_n another_o objection_n be_v that_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n weigh_v no_o more_o when_o full_a in_o water_n than_o the_o bucket_n itself_o out_o of_o it_o nor_o so_o much_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v very_o plain_a for_o suppose_v a_o b_o c_o d_o to_n be_v a_o well_o see_v plate_n the_o four_o 5._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 5._o figure_n the_o five_o in_o which_o the_o bucket_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o plain_a i_o k_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o string_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n g_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n not_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n h_n equal_o as_o the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o water_n below_o must_v buoy_v it_o up_o and_o though_o the_o bucket_n be_v make_v of_o something_o heavy_a than_o water_n yet_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v

by_o the_o hand_n above_o but_o only_o the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n which_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n and_o though_o the_o schoolman_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o phaenomenon_n depend_v on_o the_o indisposition_n of_o water_n to_o weigh_v in_o its_o own_o place_n yet_o i_o have_v find_v that_o lead_v be_v convey_v into_o melt_a butter_n contain_v in_o a_o wooden_a box_n and_o that_o be_v suspend_v in_o water_n by_o a_o silken-thred_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n we_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v as_o much_o indispose_v to_o weigh_v as_o water_n in_o water_n no_o more_o weight_n than_o what_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n be_v make_v sensible_a by_o the_o balance_n but_o when_o it_o be_v partly_o raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o whole_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o counterbalance_v it_o for_o suppose_v that_o part_n of_o the_o bucket_n n_n to_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n l_o m_o a_o great_a force_n be_v requisite_a to_o sustain_v it_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n incumbent_n on_o the_o surface_n p_o qui_fw-fr be_v not_o able_a to_o balance_v it_o and_o consequent_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bucket_n h_n will_v scarce_o be_v press_v upward_o half_a so_o strong_o as_o before_o but_o if_o the_o bucket_n be_v raise_v to_o o_o the_o water_n be_v not_o at_o all_o contiguous_a to_o it_o can_v contribute_v to_o the_o support_v of_o it_o all_o that_o be_v further_a contain_v in_o this_o appendix_n be_v only_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v on_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v pass_v it_o by_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v repeat_v again_o appendix_n ii_o why_o divers_a and_o other_o who_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n and_o consequent_o press_v upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o i_o propose_v my_o own_o opinion_n brief_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_v and_o first_o monsieur_n des_fw-mi carry_v tell_v we_o 6._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 6._o that_o if_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o so_o as_o to_o stop_v the_o orifice_n a_o he_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n c_o b_o a_o incumbent_a on_o he_o but_o if_o he_o be_v place_v at_o b_o he_o will_v not_o be_v sensible_a of_o that_o weight_n because_o shall_v his_o body_n descend_v the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z c_z will_v not_o descend_v with_o he_o but_o suppose_v the_o orifice_n a_o to_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o solid_a that_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z a_o but_o since_o the_o principle_n already_o lay_v down_o overthrow_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o explication_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n true_a the_o reason_n will_v be_v that_o when_o his_o body_n be_v at_o a_o the_o man_n will_v sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n without_o any_o subjacent_a water_n at_o a_o to_o buoy_v up_o against_o he_o whereas_o at_o b_o the_o subjacent_a water_n buoy_v up_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o press_v down_o or_o more_o but_o stevinus_n hydrostat_n lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o say_v omni_fw-la pressu_fw-la quo_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la afficitur_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxatur_fw-la sed_fw-la isto_fw-la pressu_fw-la nulla_fw-la corporis_fw-la pars_fw-la luxatur_fw-la isto_fw-la igitur_fw-la pressu_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la nullo_n afficitur_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplo_fw-la clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la esto_fw-la a_fw-la b_o c_o d_o 7._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 7._o aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_o quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistomium_fw-la sibi_fw-la insertum_fw-la cvi_fw-la dorso_fw-la incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la sint_fw-la ab_fw-la aquae_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la which_o solution_n may_v hold_v if_o the_o question_n be_v only_a why_o the_o body_n of_o a_o diver_n be_v not_o press_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o for_o what_o he_o say_v viz._n that_o the_o equality_n and_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a i_o be_o of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o in_o the_o air_n the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v not_o perceivable_a for_o a_o like_a reason_n yet_o if_o one_o hand_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n exhaust_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v cause_v a_o sensible_a pain_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n and_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o divers_a may_v enable_v they_o to_o bear_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v a_o tad-pole_n in_o a_o instrument_n 8._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 8._o such_o as_o fig._n 8._o plate_n the_o four_o describe_v the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o so_o that_o the_o pressure_n upon_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n three_o hundred_o foot_n high_a yet_o the_o tad-pole_n move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o nimble_o as_o before_o be_v not_o at_o all_o indispose_v though_o its_o body_n appear_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o chap._n vii_o a_o hydrostatical_a discourse_n etc._n etc._n all_z that_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o discourse_n be_v chief_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o author_n work_n and_o now_o only_o repeat_v to_o obviate_v some_o objection_n of_o dr._n more_o be_v and_o the_o truth_n be_v lay_v down_o by_o our_o author_n in_o his_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n be_v so_o plain_a and_o these_o objection_n so_o trivial_a it_o will_v but_o be_v needless_a to_o increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o book_n with_o what_o may_v with_o more_o reason_n be_v avoid_v chap._n viii_o a_o new_a essay_n instrument_n and_o the_o hydrostatical_a principle_n it_o be_v found_v on_o etc._n etc._n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o june_n 1675._o the_o first_o section_n show_v the_o occasion_n of_o make_v this_o instrument_n and_o the_o hydrostatical_a principle_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o propose_v a_o new_a hydrostatical_a instrument_n and_o its_o use_n propose_v have_v several_a year_n ago_o make_v of_o a_o bubble_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n to_o estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o metal_n by_o its_o easy_a or_o more_o difficult_a immersion_n with_o they_o i_o apply_v it_o likewise_o to_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o other_o solid_n by_o observe_v how_o solid_n suspend_v at_o this_o bubble_n will_v depress_v it_o various_o according_a to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o any_o solid_a body_n in_o water_n lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o weight_n as_o a_o parcel_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o dimension_n will_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o gold_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o copper_n it_o must_v lose_v less_o of_o its_o weight_n in_o the_o water_n than_o copper_n because_o proportionable_o the_o ignoble_a metal_n possess_v the_o space_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n who_o weight_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o that_o fluid_fw-la be_v lose_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n suspend_v at_o the_o bubble_n and_o consequent_o a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n must_v cause_v that_o bubble_n to_o be_v immerse_v deep_a in_o water_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o brass_n or_o copper_n will_v the_o brass_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o large_a dimension_n lose_v more_o of_o its_o weight_n than_o the_o gold_n the_o second_o section_n describe_v the_o construction_n of_o this_o instrument_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o metal_n or_o other_o matter_n which_o will_v float_v in_o the_o water_n without_o soak_v it_o in_o but_o the_o best_a for_o the_o use_n hereafter_o mention_v be_v those_o make_v of_o glass_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o lasting_a as_o those_o that_o consist_v of_o copper_n or_o silver_n this_o instrument_n be_v make_v of_o three_o part_n a_o ball_n the_o stem_n and_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o pipe_n the_o ball_n consist_v of_o two_o metalline_a plate_n each_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o convex_a glass_n and_o the_o cavity_n within_o must_v be_v so_o large_a that_o the_o

air_n contain_v in_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o hold_v as_o much_o air_n as_o will_v keep_v the_o whole_a stem_n from_o sink_v under_o water_n if_o the_o ballast_n which_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o vessel_n immerse_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n be_v to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o vessel_n the_o stem_n ought_v to_o be_v hollow_a but_o otherwise_o to_o consist_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n without_o any_o cavity_n and_o of_o a_o convenient_a length_n the_o instrument_n i_o employ_v for_o guineas_n have_v its_o ball_n as_o big_a as_o a_o hens-egg_n and_o the_o stem_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o be_v sodder_v on_o to_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o uppermost_a convex_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o lowermost_a be_v fix_v a_o piece_n of_o wire_n to_o lay_v the_o guiny_n upon_o or_o a_o screw_v stirrup_n to_o fix_v it_o in_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v piece_n of_o gold_n of_o great_a weight_n the_o stirrup_n ought_v to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o small_a cylinder_n upon_o which_o several_a piece_n of_o metal_n be_v fix_v and_o have_v hole_n in_o the_o middle_n that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v on_o or_o take_v off_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o any_o piece_n of_o gold_n though_o twice_o or_o thrice_o as_o heavy_a as_o a_o guiny_n to_o adjust_a this_o instrument_n for_o the_o use_n of_o guineas_n it_o must_v be_v lighten_v by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o file_n or_o make_v heavy_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o ballast_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n without_o sink_v and_o then_o a_o mark_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o stem_n at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o piece_n of_o brass_n must_v be_v substitute_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o guiny_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n or_o a_o grain_n or_o two_o heavy_a in_o the_o air_n and_o a_o mark_v set_v at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o be_v immerse_v by_o that_o weight_n in_o which_o method_n of_o adjust_v the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v mind_v first_o the_o guinea_n must_v be_v place_v exact_o with_o its_o middle_a in_o the_o screw_n that_o it_o may_v not_o incline_v the_o tube_n but_o let_v it_o stand_v erect_v second_o quicksilver_n ballast_n in_o metalline_a instrument_n be_v apt_a to_o dissolve_v the_o sodder_n three_o the_o mark_n may_v be_v make_v of_o chew_v mastic_n fix_v in_o small_a hole_n or_o by_o fix_v a_o silver_n or_o a_o golden_a wire_n in_o a_o nick_n make_v round_o the_o stem_n four_o one_o of_o the_o heavy_a guineas_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o adjust_v this_o instrument_n and_o care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v leave_v above_o the_o water_n because_o all_o water_n themselves_o be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n yet_o those_o circumstance_n vary_v not_o the_o success_n since_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o immerge_n this_o instrument_n in_o several_a water_n be_v in_o considerable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o piece_n of_o brass_n and_o gold_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n five_o before_o we_o can_v determine_v by_o this_o instrument_n whether_o the_o gold_n be_v good_a it_o must_v be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o a_o just_a weight_n and_o then_o this_o will_v discover_v whether_o it_o be_v genuine_a for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v think_v the_o metal_n not_o good_a when_o it_o only_o want_v weight_n in_o the_o air._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n 00._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 00._o fig._n 1._o a_o b._n the_o stem_n or_o pipe_n c_o e._n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ball_n sodder_v together_o b_o c_o d_o e._n the_o ball_n itself_o f._n the_o screw_n g._n the_o stirrup_n somewhat_o out_o of_o its_o place_n h._n the_o mark_n to_o which_o copper_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n in_o the_o air_n depress_n it_o i._o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o gold_n sink_v it_o fig._n 2._o the_o screw_n by_o itself_o to_o be_v take_v off_o or_o put_v on_o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o the_o instrument_n fig._n 3._o the_o perforated_a plate_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o low_a stem_n as_o ballast_n fig._n 4._o the_o low_a stem_n with_o a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o it_o fig._n 5._o the_o stirrup_n which_o my_o be_n make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o screw_n fig._n 6._o a._n b._n c._n the_o glass_n instrument_n d_o d_o d._n the_o coin_n support_v by_o four_o horsehair_n fig._n 7._o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o a_o glass_n instrument_n to_o which_o a_o screw_n be_v fasten_v with_o horsehair_n or_o otherwise_o fig._n 8._o a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o instrument_n for_o estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n e_o e_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n employ_v as_o ballast_n the_o three_o section_n represent_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n as_o relate_v to_o metal_n the_o first_o use_n be_v to_o distinguish_v true_a guineas_n from_o counterfeit_n the_o second_o use_n in_o examine_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n light_a than_o a_o guinea_n so_o much_o ballast_n may_v be_v add_v as_o will_v make_v that_o amount_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n and_o if_o the_o gold_n be_v heavy_a so_o many_o of_o the_o perforated_a plate_n must_v be_v take_v off_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o instrument_n may_v not_o be_v sink_v by_o it_o and_o when_o a_o coin_n but_o a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n be_v to_o be_v try_v it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o place_v a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o the_o upper_a screw_n so_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v upon_o the_o ball_n and_o be_v take_v off_o or_o lighten_v with_o a_o file_n as_o occasion_n require_v that_o several_a piece_n of_o gold_n may_v upon_o some_o occasion_n be_v fix_v at_o once_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o screw_n ought_v to_o be_v wide_a than_o what_o will_v just_o admit_v of_o a_o guinea_n if_o the_o instrument_n be_v well_o proportion_v so_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n may_v not_o depress_v it_o under_o water_n it_o may_v be_v examine_v without_o alter_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n above_o lay_v down_o a_o half_a guinea_n may_v be_v try_v by_o place_v a_o true_a half_a guinea_n with_o it_o in_o the_o screw_n the_o three_o use_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o try_v silver_n coin_n which_o be_v light_a than_o half_a a_o crown_n by_o weigh_v silver_n in_o it_o and_o mark_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o observe_v what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o that_o and_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o a_o ignoble_a metal_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o several_a instrument_n will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o the_o try_v of_o these_o different_a metal_n yet_o by_o alter_v the_o ballast_n plate_n one_o may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v the_o turn_n the_o four_o use_n and_o by_o the_o like_a method_n a_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o discover_v whether_o tin_n be_v more_o or_o less_o adulterate_v with_o lead_n since_o tin_n be_v the_o light_a of_o metal_n the_o lead_n will_v depress_v the_o instrument_n low_o if_o mix_v with_o tin_n as_o gold_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v the_o heavy_a metal_n and_o be_v light_a upon_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o metal_n the_o five_o use_n it_o may_v enable_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o quality_n of_o metalline_a mixture_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o ingredient_n for_o by_o adjust_v how_o much_o such_o a_o weight_n of_o gold_n will_v depress_v the_o stem_n by_o afterward_o try_v how_o much_o light_a in_o water_n the_o same_o weight_n of_o allay_v gold_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v what_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o alloy_n we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o judge_v how_o much_o other_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v alloy_v by_o compare_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n with_o this_o standard_n provide_v they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n with_o the_o gold_n unalloy_v and_o the_o same_o measure_n may_v be_v take_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o alloy_v of_o silver_n with_o copper_n or_o of_o copper_n with_o tin_n chap._n ix_o observation_n of_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o metal_n tin_n about_o the_o growth_n of_o tin_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o tin_n i_o that_o after_o a_o tin_n i_o have_v be_v quite_o drain_v of_o its_o ore_n by_o wash_v and_o van_v about_o 120_o year_n after_o it_o yield_v rich_a ore_n again_o and_o that_o a_o good_a quantity_n

of_o stuff_n be_v choir_n drain_v of_o its_o ore_n and_o lay_v on_o a_o heap_n in_o the_o air_n in_o thirty_o year_n it_o afford_v metal_n again_o and_o the_o same_o gentleman_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v cause_v the_o water_n which_o wash_v the_o earth_n away_o from_o the_o ore_n to_o lay_v down_o that_o earth_n by_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o it_o till_o its_o own_o weight_n make_v it_o subside_o that_o earth_n be_v twelve_o year_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o metal_n and_o relation_n agreeable_a to_o these_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o another_o lead_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o lead_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o lead_v over_o clear_v of_o its_o metal_n and_o lay_v in_o heap_n for_o some_o year_n yield_v metal_n a_o second_o time_n and_o j._n gerhard_n in_o decade_n questionum_fw-la p._n m._n 22._o say_v fessularum_fw-la mons_fw-la in_o hetruria_n florentiae_fw-la civitati_fw-la imminens_fw-la lapides_fw-la plumbarios_fw-la habet_fw-la qui_fw-la 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but_o whether_o marcasite_n may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o graduate_a gold_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o be_v consider_v there_o be_v this_o advertisement_n which_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v and_o it_o be_v that_o though_o some_o be_v use_v to_o employ_v flux_n powder_n indiffent_o without_o understand_v the_o difference_n of_o they_o i_o have_v try_v that_o lead_v over_o be_v flux_v with_o file_n of_o mars_n afford_v a_o large_a quantity_n of_o metal_n than_o with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n fulminate_v together_o but_o one_o part_n of_o good_a native_a cinnabar_fw-la fine_o powder_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o with_o a_o different_a flux_n powder_n we_o obtain_v twice_o as_o much_o mercury_n from_o the_o former_a as_o we_o do_v from_o the_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o a_o mineral_n nature_n some_o observation_n about_o native_a gold_n gold_n observation_n about_o 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less_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o a_o magnitude_n proportionable_a for_o if_o it_o weigh_v but_o 128_o grain_n less_o in_o water_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n but_o if_o it_o weigh_v 256_o want_v thirty_o two_o grain_n that_o be_v a_o eight_o of_o a_o whole_a cubick_a inch_n of_o water_n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v ⅞_n of_o a_o cubick_a inch._n and_o if_o the_o body_n weigh_v one_o ounce_n thirty_o two_o grain_n amount_v to_o 512_o grain_n or_o one_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a forty_o eight_o grain_n amount_v to_o 768_o grain_n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o or_o three_o cubical_a inch_n and_o if_o after_o the_o division_n there_o remain_v a_o fraction_n it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o estimate_v it_o and_o to_o know_v the_o exact_a bulk_n of_o the_o body_n since_o the_o cubical_a inch_n consist_v of_o such_o aliquot_fw-la part_n as_o be_v easy_o and_o regular_o 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100_o to_o 1._o c_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr coral_n red_a 129_o ¼_n 80_o ¼_n 2_o 63_o 100_o to_o 1._o crystal_n 256_o 140_o 2_o 21_o 100_o to_o 1._o  _fw-fr weight_n in_o air_n in_o gr._n in_o water_n in_o grain_n proportion_n cornelian_a 148_o 103_o 3_o 29_o 100_o to_o 1._o calculus_fw-la humanus_fw-la 2570_o 1080_o 1_o 72_o 100_o to_o 1._o coco-shell_n 331_o 85_o 1_o 34_o 100_o to_o 1._o native_a crab_n eye_n 77_o ½_n 36_o ½_n 1_o 89_o 100_o to_o 1._o crab_n eye_n artificial_a 90_o ½_n 54_o 2_o 48_o 100_o to_o 1._o calx_fw-la of_o lead_v 138_o ½_n 123_o 8_o 94_o 100_o to_o 1._o copper_n stone_n 65_o ½_n 49_o ½_n 4_o 09_o ●●0_o to_o 1._o common_a cinnabar_fw-la 802_o 702_o 8_o 1_o 50_o to_o 1._o cinnabar_fw-la of_o antimony_n 197_o 169_o 7_o 3_o 100_o to_o 1._o cinnabar_fw-la native_a 197_o 171_o 7_o 57_o 100_o to_o 1._o coral_n white_a 336_o 204_o 〈◊〉_d 54_o 1002_o to_o 1._o another_o piece_n fine_a 139_o 85_o 2_o 17_o 100_o to_o 1._o calculus_fw-la humanus_fw-la 302_o 97_o 1_o 47_o 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as_o not_o to_o affect_v any_o one_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o consequent_o may_v continue_v a_o atmosphere_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v able_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o forestus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o pestilential_a contagion_n that_o be_v a_o long_a time_n preserve_v in_o a_o cobweb_n and_o alexander_n benedictus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o flock-bed_n which_o when_o several_a year_n after_o the_o plague_n it_o be_v beat_v it_o present_o infect_v the_o bystander_n and_o sennertus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o vratislavia_n in_o six_o month_n six_o thousand_o man_n dye_v of_o the_o plague_n and_o that_o from_o that_o time_n the_o infection_n be_v preserve_v in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n and_o be_v display_v in_o another_o place_n 13_o year_n after_o it_o infect_v that_o place_n likewise_o and_o trincavella_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o infection_n be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rope_n by_o which_o dead_a person_n be_v let_v down_o into_o their_o grave_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o 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stagger_v that_o less_o cautious_o unlute_v the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v sublime_v or_o distil_v to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o infectious_a steam_n in_o the_o plague_n which_o sudden_o infect_v the_o internal_a part_n and_o likewise_o the_o sudden_a effect_n of_o a_o torpedo_n and_o i_o prepare_v a_o sal-armoniac_a so_o powerful_a that_o it_o restore_v a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a to_o one_o that_o have_v lose_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n which_o virtue_n it_o have_v beside_o those_o more_o common_a one_o of_o affect_v the_o eye_n mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o water_n assist_v by_o warmth_n be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o solid_a body_n so_o that_o by_o philosophical_a calcination_n solid_a piece_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v so_o friable_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o powder_n only_o by_o be_v hang_v over_o the_o steam_n of_o distil_a water_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o under_o several_a place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o dew_n be_v so_o penetrate_v that_o it_o cause_v knife_n to_o rust_v in_o their_o sheath_n and_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n and_o even_o watch_v in_o their_o case_n and_o in_o england_n i_o have_v know_v hard_a body_n become_v friable_a by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o vapour_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a and_o mineral_n body_n burst_v by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o effluvium_n and_o that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o minute_n body_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la flame_n whirlwind_n and_o wind_n and_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o those_o odoriferous_a steam_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o affect_v our_o nostril_n be_v in_o too_o languid_a a_o motion_n till_o enable_v to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o powerful_o by_o run_v through_o the_o nostril_n in_o a_o stream_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o setting-dog_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v much_o more_o affect_v with_o a_o scent_n when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o scent_n towards_o their_o nostril_n than_o when_o it_o come_v the_o contrary_a way_n the_o current_n of_o the_o wind_n cause_v the_o odoriferous_a steam_n to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o brisk_o and_o electrical_a body_n exert_v that_o faculty_n more_o strong_o after_o attrition_n the_o emission_n of_o their_o electrical_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v excite_v and_o the_o learned_a faber_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o hare_n be_v suspend_v near_o a_o electrick_n when_o the_o effluvium_n be_v too_o brisk_o agitate_a it_o will_v not_o be_v attract_v but_o drive_v away_o from_o it_o and_o i_o know_v a_o certain_a substance_n make_v by_o distillation_n who_o smell_n in_o the_o cold_a be_v very_o inoffensive_a but_o when_o it_o be_v warm_a it_o emit_v steam_n more_o strong_a and_o penetrate_a than_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a substance_n stink_v egregious_o when_o excite_v to_o emit_v their_o effluvia_fw-la by_o attrition_n and_o as_o celerity_n of_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o subtle_a body_n so_o do_v the_o different_a modification_n of_o that_o motion_n for_o as_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o javelin_n have_v different_a effect_n when_o they_o fly_v with_o one_o end_n first_o from_o what_o they_o have_v when_o they_o twirl_v round_o with_o a_o certain_a rotation_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a determination_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n and_o that_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n they_o

interval_n or_o pore_n and_o that_o wood_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n will_v appear_v since_o quicksilver_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o penetrate_v the_o side_n of_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a piece_n of_o wood_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o my_o pneumatical_a instrument_n the_o external_a press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o board_n which_o cover_v it_o that_o though_o it_o be_v of_o strong_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n yet_o it_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o smoke_v liquor_n tinge_v a_o copper_n halfpenny_n through_o a_o broad_a thin_a shave_n of_o deal_n though_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o sensible_a perforation_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v with_o two_o and_o a_o three_o with_o three_o shave_n they_o tinge_v the_o copper_n halfpenny_n though_o not_o in_o so_o little_a time_n nor_o quite_o so_o conspicuous_o and_o that_o bake_a clay_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n be_v evident_a since_o oil_n will_v soak_v through_o strong_a and_o well_o bake_v earthen_a vessel_n and_o so_o will_v solution_n of_o nitre_n and_o some_o other_o salt_n and_o very_o few_o except_o hassian_n crucibles_fw-fr will_v keep_v salt_n of_o tartar_n long_o in_o fusion_n without_o be_v penetrate_v by_o they_o and_o vitriol_n and_o salt-petre_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o weight_n when_o distil_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n the_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a part_n fly_v away_o through_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o those_o jugg_n that_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n harden_v sufficient_o to_o strike_v fire_n with_o a_o good_a stell_n have_v their_o pore_n pervade_v by_o the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o spirituous_a liquor_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o spirituous_a cider_n have_v sweat_n through_o 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dull_a but_o whether_o the_o tincture_n these_o piece_n of_o crystal_n receive_v proceed_v from_o some_o of_o the_o fine_a of_o the_o mineral_n part_n imbibe_v into_o the_o stone_n when_o flaw_v with_o too_o much_o haste_n and_o whether_o upon_o cool_v those_o flaw_n do_v not_o grow_v too_o close_o to_o be_v discernible_a to_o the_o eye_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o ruby_n when_o polish_v upon_o the_o wheel_n and_o very_o hot_a have_v seem_v full_a of_o crack_n which_o upon_o their_o cool_a whole_o disappear_v and_o that_o metal_n themselves_o be_v porous_a may_v be_v argue_v from_o their_o aptness_n to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o proper_a menstruum_n and_o especial_o by_o lay_v sulphur_n and_o thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n sss_n in_o a_o crucible_n upon_o which_o another_o be_v lute_v to_o keep_v the_o sulphur_n from_o take_v fire_n for_o have_v keep_v they_o thus_o about_o three_o hour_n in_o a_o heat_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o melt_v the_o sulphur_n but_o not_o the_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o cool_v we_o find_v that_o the_o sulphur_n have_v so_o penetrate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o copper_n as_o to_o turn_v most_o of_o it_o into_o a_o brittle_a substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v away_o with_o one_o finger_n be_v alter_v not_o only_o in_o texture_n but_o colour_n some_o be_v of_o a_o dirty_a dark_a colour_n other_o of_o a_o violet_n and_o many_o of_o the_o plate_n when_o they_o be_v break_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o plate_n and_o to_o have_v a_o manifest_a distance_n betwixt_o they_o and_o we_o can_v likewise_o discern_v the_o fiber_n of_o the_o metal_n extend_v themselves_o from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o copper_n plate_n to_o the_o other_o and_o that_o the_o sulphur_n penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o copper-plate_n may_v not_o only_o be_v discern_v by_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o bulk_n but_o a_o blue_a flame_n which_o will_v discover_v itself_o when_o they_o be_v lay_v upon_o quick_a coal_n and_o by_o a_o like_a experiment_n we_o find_v that_o the_o body_n of_o silver_n tin_n and_o lead_v may_v be_v penetrate_v and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o arsenic_n will_v penetrate_v thus_o into_o the_o body_n of_o metal_n and_o i_o know_v a_o pigment_n which_o tinge_v the_o body_n of_o copper_n so_o as_o to_o give_v it_o the_o colour_n of_o gold_n and_o perfume_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v long_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n but_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o have_v a_o watch_n who_o metalline_a case_n be_v rich_o perfume_v and_o i_o remember_v i_o make_v a_o substance_n much_o like_o gold_n which_o retain_v several_a mercurial_a particle_n in_o it_o and_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o ring_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o the_o eye_n of_o several_a person_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o granadine_a moor_n have_v a_o art_n of_o curious_o perfume_a the_o weapon_n they_o forge_v and_o the_o same_o nobleman_n who_o tell_v i_o this_o acquaint_v i_o that_o he_o have_v a_o fowling-piece_n who_o barrel_n be_v perfume_v but_o its_o smell_n be_v much_o faint_a after_o it_o have_v be_v scour_v and_o last_o to_o show_v that_o even_o common_a glass_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n i_o shall_v reduce_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v and_o comprise_v it_o under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n prop._n i._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o glass_n may_v be_v pierce_v into_o at_o some_o distance_n even_o by_o visible_a and_o tangible_a body_n and_o beside_o the_o argument_n already_o offer_v to_o evince_v the_o porosity_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o certain_a spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o glass_n in_o a_o cool_a place_n it_o corrode_v some_o part_n so_o much_o as_o

the_o fibrous_a part_n be_v alone_o heavy_a than_o the_o serum_n since_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o former_a which_o appear_v since_o four_o ounce_n five_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n of_o the_o fibrous_a part_n of_o blood_n be_v distil_v in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n the_o dry_a blood_n remain_v weigh_v but_o one_o ounce_n three_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n whereas_o the_o serous_a liquor_n distil_v from_o it_o amount_v to_o three_o ounce_n fifty_o three_o grain_n and_o the_o like_a trial_n be_v again_o repeat_v with_o another_o parcel_n of_o blood_n the_o dry_a mass_n amount_v to_o one_o ounce_n six_o drachm_n and_o fifty_o grain_n and_o the_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n distil_v from_o it_o to_o seven_o ounce_n red_a sealing-wax_n suspend_v at_o a_o hair_n weigh_v in_o the_o air_n one_o drachm_o fifty_o six_o grain_n in_o water_n thirty_o five_o in_o serum_n thirty_o three_o and_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o instrument_n purposely_o make_v when_o common_a water_n weigh_v 253_o grain_n a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o serum_n weigh_v 302_o and_o the_o serum_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o another_o person_n be_v weigh_v it_o want_v but_o two_o grain_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a serum_n which_o be_v tinge_v with_o blood_n be_v strain_v through_o cap-paper_n the_o liquor_n which_o pass_v through_o it_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o serum_n coagulate_v some_o part_n which_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o cheese-curd_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n but_o more_o powerful_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a rather_o make_v it_o fluid_a oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la produce_v a_o white_a curd_n by_o unite_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o serum_n but_o not_o so_o powerful_o as_o the_o other_o have_v do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n rectify_v produce_v a_o copious_a white_a curd_n but_o so_o soft_a that_o it_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n upon_o a_o infusion_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n it_o yield_v a_o white_a curd_n but_o some_o of_o the_o serum_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v pour_v upon_o file_n of_o iron_n the_o liquor_n dissolve_v some_o of_o the_o steel_n which_o appear_v since_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o some_o of_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n which_o before_o be_v muddy_a and_o thick_a lay_v down_o a_o whitish_a sediment_n and_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o the_o infusion_n be_v add_v the_o two_o liquor_n unite_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n wherein_o the_o eye_n discover_v no_o distinct_a liquor_n at_o all_o but_o have_v put_v some_o of_o our_o liquor_n upon_o file_n of_o copper_n which_o when_o wrought_v upon_o by_o body_n that_o have_v in_o they_o any_o thing_n of_o urinous_a salt_n usual_o give_v a_o conspicuous_a tincture_n we_o according_o find_v that_o the_o metal_n be_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n discolour_v by_o the_o menstruum_fw-la and_o afterward_o it_o begin_v gradual_o to_o grow_v more_o blue_a and_o in_o a_o day_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a ceruleous_a colour_n and_o to_o show_v that_o this_o colour_n proceed_v from_o some_o volatile_a salt_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o serum_n we_o mix_v some_o of_o it_o with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n and_o find_v that_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o fine_a green_a and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o serum_n impregnate_v with_o copper_n be_v that_o i_o keep_v it_o several_a week_n in_o my_o window_n without_o perceive_v that_o it_o in_o the_o least_o sink_v about_o two_o ounce_n of_o serum_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o south_n window_n three_o week_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n but_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o the_o least_o putrify_a but_o have_v let_v down_o a_o considerable_a sediment_n and_o in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n after_o it_o stink_v offensive_o and_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v void_a of_o acidity_n appear_v since_o it_o will_v not_o take_v off_o the_o blue_a colour_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la this_o fetid_v serum_n be_v distil_v in_o a_o low_a cucurbite_n the_o liquor_n that_o first_o come_v over_o be_v so_o little_a spirituous_a or_o saline_n that_o it_o will_v not_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o a_o volatile_a alkaly_n appear_v since_o be_v drop_v into_o a_o good_a solution_n of_o sublimate_n it_o cause_v it_o to_o lay_v down_o a_o white_a precipitate_a serum_n of_o human_a blood_n filter_v through_o cap-paper_n be_v distil_v in_o a_o small_a retort_n place_v in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n we_o obtain_v only_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o a_o darkish_a red_a oil_n some_o of_o which_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o liquor_n but_o the_o great_a part_n swim_v upon_o it_o and_o after_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o insipid_a phlegm_n have_v be_v draw_v off_o there_o come_v over_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o spirituous_a liquor_n which_o smell_v almost_o like_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o contain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o volatile_a alkaly_n so_o that_o it_o will_v ready_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o cause_v a_o white_a precipitate_a and_o ferment_n with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o this_o spirit_n be_v rectify_v in_o a_o small_a head_n and_o body_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o a_o thick_a substance_n like_o honey_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o dark_a red_a and_o seem_v to_o contain_v more_o oil_n than_o appear_v upon_o the_o first_o distillation_n the_o liquor_n that_o come_v over_o the_o helm_n be_v pure_a but_o not_o strong_a than_o the_o first_o but_o have_v put_v it_o into_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n and_o give_v the_o vessel_n a_o convenient_a situation_n in_o hot_a sand_n we_o obtain_v a_o volatile_a alkaly_n that_o sublime_v into_o the_o neck_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a salt_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o the_o serous_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n afford_v the_o same_o elementary_a principle_n or_o similar_v substance_n both_o as_o to_o number_v and_o kind_n as_o the_o fibrous_a and_o consistent_a part_n though_o not_o as_o to_o quantity_n that_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o dry_a salt_n be_v less_o in_o a_o determinate_a proportion_n of_o serum_n than_o of_o blood_n though_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o loosen_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n from_o the_o more_o drossy_a part_n of_o it_o that_o before_o distillation_n it_o shall_v putrefy_v for_o about_o six_o week_n yet_o if_o fresh_a urine_n be_v pour_v upon_o quicklime_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n will_v present_o be_v unite_v and_o ascend_v in_o distillation_n encourage_v by_o which_o observation_n i_o mix_v serum_n with_o quicklime_n upon_o which_o there_o ensue_v a_o transient_a heat_n and_o this_o mix_a body_n be_v commit_v to_o distillation_n first_o it_o afford_v a_o phlegm_n in_o a_o gentle_a fire_n and_o then_o in_o a_o strong_a a_o moderate_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n that_o be_v think_v to_o smell_v manifest_o of_o the_o lime_n but_o have_v not_o a_o brisk_a taste_n and_o this_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fetid_v oil_n than_o be_v expect_v the_o other_o liquor_n be_v slow_o rectify_v the_o spirit_n which_o first_o come_v over_o have_v a_o strong_a and_o pierce_a smell_n but_o less_o rank_a than_o common_a spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n its_o taste_n be_v somewhat_o fiery_a and_o be_v drop_v upon_o spirit_n of_o violet_n it_o present_o turn_v it_o green_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n with_o water_n and_o another_o of_o quicksilver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la it_o present_o make_v two_o white_a precipitate_v and_o be_v mingle_v with_o some_o good_a spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n there_o appear_v a_o thick_a and_o whitish_a smoke_n but_o neither_o any_o visible_a conflict_n nor_o bubble_n yet_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n seem_v much_o heighten_v by_o this_o operation_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o have_v set_v the_o late_o mention_v mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o serum_n and_o of_o salt_n to_o evaporate_v the_o salt_n afford_v by_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o of_o salarmoniack_a but_o the_o colour_n produce_v in_o the_o mixture_n whilst_o fluid_a be_v so_o heighten_v in_o the_o concrete_a that_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o blood-red_n colour_n but_o of_o such_o a_o confuse_a shape_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o kind_n of_o salt_n by_o all_o which_o phaenomena_n this_o spirit_n of_o the_o serous_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o of_o the_o concrete_v mass_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o pot-ash_n will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o serum_n

that_o not_o to_o intimate_v that_o a_o body_n may_v have_v many_o similar_v quality_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o body_n and_o yet_o distinct_a operation_n on_o a_o three_o substance_n i_o say_v not_o to_o intimate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n betwixt_o volatile_a salt_n or_o spirit_n as_o they_o be_v common_o prepare_v and_o when_o prepare_v as_o they_o may_v by_o reiterated_a rectification_n and_o other_o way_n of_o depuration_n by_o a_o dextrous_a chemist_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o purity_n and_o simplicity_n a_o great_a degree_n i_o say_v because_o it_o may_v be_v difficult_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o absolute_a purity_n since_o unheeded_a commixture_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o other_o alkaly_n as_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o hartshorn_n be_v evident_a to_o several_a people_n who_o though_o they_o abhor_v the_o odour_n of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n yet_o they_o will_v with_o pleasure_n hold_v their_o nose_n a_o great_a while_n over_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o salarmoniack_a and_o though_o from_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o have_v get_v a_o salt_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a yet_o i_o have_v seldom_o if_o ever_o obtain_v a_o salt_n of_o the_o like_a shape_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o humane_a blood_n with_o that_o of_o common_a salt_n for_o though_o upon_o a_o evaporation_n of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n the_o salt_n will_v coagulate_v together_o yet_o the_o concretion_n seem_v confuse_v and_o not_o of_o the_o regular_a shape_n of_o those_o salt_n result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n with_o urinous_a spirit_n and_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v cure_v epilepsy_n which_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v not_o do_v title_n v._o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n contain_v in_o human_a blood_n whether_o accompany_v with_o its_o serum_n or_o dry_v this_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v since_o some_o man_n blood_n be_v much_o more_o phlegmatic_a than_o other_o or_o more_o serous_a which_o may_v of_o itself_o be_v more_o spirituous_a according_a to_o the_o complexion_n age_n sex_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o person_n that_o bleed_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o healthy_a human_a blood_n afford_v we_o seven_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o phlegm_n and_o consequent_o about_o four_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o dry_a stuff_n and_o have_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n seven_o ounce_n of_o well_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o spirit_n which_o though_o not_o rectify_v leave_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o viol_n i_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n undissolved_a which_o a_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o if_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v but_o a_o salt_n and_o phlegm_n unite_v we_o may_v well_o suppose_v that_o human_a blood_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n than_o this_o since_o from_o the_o seven_o ounce_n of_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o five_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n which_o have_v it_o be_v unite_a with_o a_o due_a quantity_n of_o phlegm_n it_o will_v probable_o have_v afford_v we_o near_o two_o ounce_n more_o of_o a_o liquor_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o spirit_n title_n vi_o of_o the_o consistence_n and_o specific_a gravity_n of_o human_n blood_n a_o compact_a body_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v fifty_o eight_o grain_n and_o in_o water_n weigh_v six_o grain_n and_o ¾_n in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n weigh_v but_o five_o grain_n and_o ¼_n and_o what_o be_v considerable_a be_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o keep_v float_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o if_o plunge_v into_o it_o will_v emerge_n again_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o its_o immunity_n from_o tenaciousness_n though_o divers_a other_o alkalizated_a liquor_n as_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la fix_v nitre_n resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v sensible_o unctuous_a and_o but_o languid_o fluid_a yet_o i_o observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n do_v not_o appear_v more_o unctuous_a than_o common_a water_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v common_o find_v that_o as_o liquor_n be_v more_o spirituous_a so_o the_o bubble_n raise_v by_o agitation_n soon_a disappear_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v almost_o as_o soon_o clear_a of_o they_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o when_o some_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v let_v fall_v they_o manifest_o appear_v less_o than_o drop_v of_o water_n to_o discover_v the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o human_a blood_n we_o so_o prepare_v common_a water_n by_o infusion_n make_v in_o it_o without_o heat_n that_o by_o put_v one_o single_a drop_n of_o our_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o ten_o ounce_n and_o four_o scruple_n of_o the_o prepare_a water_n and_o light_o shake_v the_o viol_n there_o appear_v throughout_o the_o liquor_n a_o manifest_a colour_n whereof_o no_o degree_n be_v discernible_a before_o so_o that_o it_o disperse_v itself_o through_o a_o thousand_o time_n as_o much_o water_n and_o produce_v a_o manifest_a change_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o and_o though_o this_o computation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o common_a supposition_n that_o a_o drop_v of_o water_n weigh_v a_o grain_n yet_o though_o it_o weigh_v more_o a_o little_a the_o difference_n be_v recompense_v since_o have_v drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o common_a water_n into_o a_o common_a balance_n well_o adjust_v and_o have_v likewise_o drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o this_o spirit_n we_o find_v that_o the_o last_o be_v not_o only_o less_o in_o bulk_n but_o light_a since_o they_o weigh_v not_o above_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n to_o which_o it_o extend_v itself_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o one_o to_o betwixt_o 4000_o and_o 5000_o and_o this_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v yet_o much_o great_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o some_o part_n even_o of_o this_o drop_n must_v needs_o be_v phlegm_n title_n vii_o of_o the_o odour_n taste_n colour_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o liquor_n potential_o cold_a since_o it_o refrigerate_v they_o and_o with_o reference_n to_o other_o potential_o hot_a since_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o it_o render_v they_o hot_a may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n for_o have_v put_v the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o hermetical_o seal_v weatherglass_n into_o a_o slender_a cylindrical_a glass_n we_o pour_v as_o much_o moderate_o strong_a spirit_n of_o blood_n into_o it_o as_o cover_v the_o ball_n and_o then_o drop_v on_o that_o liquor_n some_o good_a spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o which_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n accompany_v with_o a_o noise_n bubble_n and_o heat_v which_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n present_o ascend_v above_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o several_a other_o volatile_a alkaly_n be_v mix_v with_o acid_n produce_v a_o notable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o whereas_o i_o have_v several_a time_n find_v by_o trial_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n will_v with_o volatile_a salt_n of_o salarmoniack_a or_o urine_n produce_v a_o real_a coldness_n this_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n be_v mix_v in_o the_o small_a cylindrical_a glass_n with_o spirit_n of_o blood_n moderate_o strong_a not_o only_o produce_v a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o store_n of_o bubble_n but_o a_o actual_a heat_n upon_o which_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a though_o both_o the_o liquor_n employ_v amount_v not_o to_o above_o two_o spoonful_n title_n viii_o of_o the_o dissolutive_a power_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o a_o good_a medicine_n for_o several_a disease_n but_o be_v also_o a_o good_a menstruum_fw-la will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n and_o first_o have_v pour_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n upon_o crude_a copper_n in_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n be_v tinge_v blueish_a which_o colour_n grow_v high_a and_o high_o till_o in_o some_o hour_n it_o be_v deep_o ceruleous_a and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o

spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la byliano_fw-it when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o it_o afford_v few_o and_o less_o bubble_n than_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o common_a water_n title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o hostility_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o acid_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o liquor_n or_o fume_n it_o exercise_v its_o hostility_n against_o more_o than_o one_o sort_n of_o acid_n spirit_n as_o spirit_z of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o not_o only_o against_o facitious_a but_o natural_a one_o as_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o which_o there_o present_o ensue_v a_o great_a commotion_n with_o noise_n but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o hostility_n evident_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o these_o liquor_n but_o also_o their_o effluvia_fw-la for_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n somewhat_o wide_o mouth_v and_o spirit_n of_o blood_n rectify_v into_o another_o when_o these_o liquor_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o another_o their_o invisible_a emanation_n join_v together_o will_v form_v a_o manifest_a smoke_n some_o pure_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v just_o satiate_v with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n we_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o superfluous_a moisture_n which_o be_v do_v we_o take_v the_o compound_a crystal_n which_o the_o mixture_n afford_v and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o slender_a and_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o then_o add_v to_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o as_o much_o distil_a water_n as_o make_v the_o mixture_n liquid_a enough_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n detain_v the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n ascend_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o nitre_n be_v mix_v together_o there_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n in_o which_o thick_a white_a fume_n rise_v plentiful_o and_o circulate_v in_o the_o vessel_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o a_o white_a stream_n until_o the_o fume_n cease_v to_o rise_v again_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n appear_v red_a be_v settle_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v so_o discolour_v by_o a_o fattish_a substance_n we_o put_v to_o it_o a_o little_a rain_n water_n and_o have_v by_o filtration_n separate_v the_o faeces_fw-la and_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o thus_o clarify_a liquor_n the_o saline_a part_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n but_o after_o a_o while_n seem_v yellow_a as_o if_o tinged_a with_o the_o oil_n n._n though_o on_o several_a occasion_n the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n appear_v oily_a yet_o i_o not_o long_o since_o dissolve_v another_o parcel_n of_o blood_n who_o liquor_n be_v clear_a and_o limpid_a a_o year_n after_o some_o of_o the_o before_o mention_v crystal_n be_v put_v upon_o well_o kindle_v charcoal_n present_o melt_v and_o burn_v away_o like_o salt-petre_n but_o the_o flame_n seem_v not_o so_o halituous_a and_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o blue_a but_o yellow_a and_o after_o the_o deflagration_n cease_v there_o remain_v upon_o the_o coal_n a_o lump_n of_o dirty_a colour_a matter_n which_o have_v scarce_o any_o taste_n nor_o be_v that_o little_a it_o have_v alkalious_a this_o brittle_a substance_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n become_v red_a hot_a without_o any_o sensible_a imminution_n and_o so_o it_o do_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n title_n xv._o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n outward_o apply_v since_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o acid_n substance_n except_o in_o the_o pancreatic_a juice_n of_o a_o sound_a person_n and_o since_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o blood_n do_v much_o resemble_v sea-salt_n whether_o its_o spirit_n be_v acid_n or_o no_o and_o since_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whether_o solid_a or_o liquid_a afford_v a_o liquor_n impregnate_v with_o store_n of_o volatile_a salt_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n in_o several_a disease_n even_o when_o external_o apply_v and_o that_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o assist_v several_a people_n in_o apoplexy_n epilepsy_n etc._n etc._n when_o apply_v to_o or_o put_v up_o the_o nostril_n it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o several_a learned_a and_o able_a physician_n and_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o prepare_v a_o volatile_a salt_n sublime_v from_o a_o compound_n salt_n obtain_v from_o spirit_n of_o blood_n satiate_v with_o nitre_n and_o for_o a_o like_a purpose_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o liquid_a form_n we_o mix_v two_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n with_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o pretty_a strong_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o spirit_n unaccompany_v with_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a taste_n and_o smell_v before_o rectification_n than_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n prepare_v another_o way_n have_v after_o rectification_n and_o have_v we_o make_v use_v of_o more_o lime_n i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v obtain_v a_o more_o pierce_a spirit_n since_o it_o will_v have_v retain_v more_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o find_v headache_n cure_v by_o the_o separate_a application_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n which_o be_v likewise_o good_a in_o hysterick_n and_o hypochondriacal_a case_n and_o in_o faint_a fit_n and_o if_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o make_v it_o too_o nauseous_a that_o may_v be_v correct_v according_a to_o the_o method_n already_o lay_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n be_v dissolve_v in_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n if_o that_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o will_v give_v it_o a_o very_a grateful_a and_o odoriferous_a smell_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o medicine_n make_v of_o amber_n have_v be_v find_v successful_a not_o only_o in_o convulsion_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v prove_v successful_a enough_o in_o disease_n both_o of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o this_o tincture_n may_v not_o inconvenient_o or_o unsuccessful_o be_v add_v to_o correct_v the_o odour_n and_o increase_v the_o virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o though_o oil_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o mix_v ready_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v shake_v together_o and_o left_a to_o settle_v at_o leisure_n though_o they_o settle_v in_o distinct_a mass_n yet_o the_o spirit_n will_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a extract_n a_o high_a and_o a_o yellow_a tincture_n little_a different_a from_o the_o oil_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n till_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o amber_n be_v predominant_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a use_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o oil_n in_o these_o mixture_n shall_v be_v too_o much_o predominant_a it_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v by_o run_v it_o through_o a_o tunnel_n who_o orifice_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v form_v so_o small_a and_o sharp_a as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o run_v off_o first_o which_o may_v when_o thus_o separate_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n and_o since_o if_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n be_v sufficient_o rectify_v there_o will_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o saline_n and_o urinous_a part_n be_v produce_v a_o kind_n of_o salt_n you_o may_v either_o pour_v the_o liquid_a part_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o then_o use_v they_o separate_v or_o else_o separate_v the_o salt_n by_o sublimation_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n thus_o separate_v will_v have_v a_o fragrant_a brisk_a and_o pierce_a odour_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o its_o scent_n but_o it_o may_v be_v good_a likewise_o when_o use_v as_o a_o fomentation_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v effectual_a in_o remove_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n and_o in_o the_o erisipelas_n and_o since_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o alkalizate_a nature_n it_o may_v be_v good_a to_o correct_v acidity_n it_o may_v be_v for_o that_o purpose_n make_v use_v of_o both_o by_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n inward_o use_v i_o have_v be_v

urinous_a spirit_n experiment_n vii_o the_o juice_n of_o scurvy_a grass_n fresh_a draw_v incline_v the_o black_a surface_n of_o clot_a blood_n to_o redishness_n experiment_n viii_o blood_n be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o eight_o or_o four_o part_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n about_o three_o year_n be_v coagulate_v but_o neither_o stanke_z nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o least_o putrify_a experiment_n ix_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o concrete_v blood_n be_v leave_v three_o day_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v render_v moderate_o hard_a and_o friable_a throughout_o experiment_n x._o upon_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n will_v dissolve_v at_o least_o two_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_v it_o be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v twenty_o five_o grain_n more_o nor_o do_v any_o of_o this_o salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n upon_o its_o refrigeration_n experiment_n xi_o the_o aforementioned_a solution_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n to_o be_v draw_v off_o with_o a_o pretty_a quick_a heat_n we_o obtain_v a_o distil_a liquor_n that_o contain_v almost_o all_o the_o volatile_a salt_n except_o a_o little_a which_o escape_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o liquor_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o moderate_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o may_v give_v we_o a_o hint_n what_o proportion_n of_o a_o liquor_n to_o salt_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o spirit_n and_o one_o thing_n here_o may_v be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n viz._n that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v too_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n we_o perceive_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n though_o the_o crystal_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v be_v fine_a and_o clear_a and_o some_o of_o they_o large_a than_o spangle_n yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o stick_v together_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v the_o shape_n of_o particular_a grain_n nor_o whether_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n but_o divers_a of_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v flat_o thin_a plate_n with_o fine_a rectilinear_a angle_n so_o that_o we_o conjecture_v if_o the_o whole_a plate_n can_v have_v be_v see_v their_o broad_a surface_n will_v have_v be_v find_v hexagonal_a or_o of_o some_o polygone_a figure_n very_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o experiment_n xii_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o as_o much_o salt_n as_o can_v be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o expose_v to_o congeal_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n but_o the_o salt_n be_v neither_o congeal_v nor_o the_o water_n though_o afterward_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o will_v perhaps_o have_v freeze_v beer_n or_o ale_n or_o the_o weak_a sort_n of_o french_a wine_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o glaciation_n experiment_n xiii_o though_o sea-salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n render_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v yet_o be_v join_v with_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o external_o apply_v it_o conduce_v to_o the_o freeze_a of_o it_o wherefore_o we_o mix_v about_o a_o scruple_n of_o salt_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o ice_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o accordin_o we_o find_v that_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v freeze_v experiment_n fourteen_o some_o of_o the_o fibrous_a part_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a and_o shallow_a glass_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n it_o be_v light_o freeze_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n pretty_o figure_v with_o resemblance_n of_o comb_n with_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a coagulate_v in_o common_a water_n and_o not_o here_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o some_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v propose_v a_o couple_n of_o medicine_n to_o be_v prepare_v from_o it_o one_o of_o which_o may_v perhaps_o have_v no_o inconsiderable_a effect_n the_o first_o medicine_n i_o attempt_v to_o make_v be_v by_o put_v to_o salt_n of_o tartar_n oil_n of_o human_a blood_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o by_o stir_v they_o long_o together_o in_o the_o open_a air_n to_o make_v such_o a_o saponary_a concretion_n as_o matthew_n corector_n which_o be_v esteem_v and_o employ_v with_o good_a success_n by_o some_o london_n physician_n the_o other_o medicine_n i_o endeavour_v to_o make_v be_v by_o unite_n by_o long_a digestion_n the_o salt_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o a_o mixture_n which_o some_o chemist_n call_v a_o clyssus_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o history_n experiment_n i._n the_o blood_n of_o a_o young_a man_n when_o cool_a have_v its_o serum_n and_o fibrous_a part_n separately_z weigh_v the_o latter_a weigh_v about_o six_o ounce_n and_o the_o serous_a part_n not_o many_o drachm_n from_o that_o weight_n experiment_n ii_o the_o very_a ingenious_a mr._n hook_n and_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o freeze_a urine_n figure_n which_o much_o resemble_v comb_n or_o feather_n consider_v the_o affinity_n usual_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o serum_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o urine_n we_o expose_v some_o of_o it_o strain_v through_o a_o linen_n rag_n to_o separate_v the_o grumou_n part_n to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n several_a night_n consecutive_o and_o observe_v that_o be_v freeze_v there_o appear_v upon_o the_o ice_n contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n certain_a figure_n which_o do_v not_o ill_o resemble_v those_o of_o conglaciate_v urine_n experiment_n iii_o to_o try_v whether_o serum_n as_o well_o as_o urine_n may_v not_o as_o well_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o invisible_a ink_n we_o trace_v some_o character_n with_o it_o upon_o white_a paper_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v we_o hold_v the_o unwritten_a side_n over_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n keep_v it_o always_o stir_v that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v fire_n upon_o which_o the_o letter_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n appear_v of_o a_o dark_a colour_n though_o not_o of_o a_o inky_a blackness_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o history_n since_o according_a to_o the_o several_a way_n of_o distil_v human_a blood_n the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n etc._n produce_v may_v be_v considerable_o diversify_v i_o distil_v three_o portion_n of_o human_a blood_n each_o with_o a_o different_a additament_n the_o first_o which_o be_v distil_v with_o quicklime_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o viz._n four_o ounce_n of_o coagulate_v blood_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o quicklime_n we_o distil_v they_o by_o degree_n of_o fire_n in_o a_o retort_n place_v in_o sand_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o obtain_v a_o proportion_n of_o red_a spirituous_a liquor_n which_o seem_v not_o very_o phlegmatic_a together_o with_o some_o oil_n the_o quantity_n of_o which_o be_v but_o small_a the_o rest_n be_v probable_o detain_v by_o the_o lime_n and_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o that_o little_a oil_n that_o come_v over_o sink_v in_o the_o spirit_n the_o rest_n swim_v upon_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v set_v in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o small_a head_n and_o body_n to_o rectify_v with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n the_o receiver_n be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n remove_v and_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o first_o spirit_n that_o come_v over_o be_v not_o near_o so_o fetid_v as_o that_o which_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v distil_v per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v in_o the_o succeed_a portion_n the_o oil_n be_v detain_v behind_o by_o the_o quicklime_n the_o rectify_a spirit_n be_v clear_a and_o colourless_a and_o have_v a_o taste_n much_o strong_a than_o its_o smell_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o it_o make_v i_o think_v some_o volatile_a alkalious_a part_n of_o the_o quicklime_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o it_o to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o which_o we_o drop_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n with_o fair_a water_n and_o on_o the_o first_o contact_n we_o perceive_v a_o precipitate_a a_o little_a incline_n to_o yellow_a as_o quicklime_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n usual_o turn_v it_o but_o afterward_o the_o precipitate_v appear_v white_a like_o that_o make_v with_o ordinary_a volatile_a liquor_n of_o a_o urinous_a nature_n some_o of_o this_o spirit_n put_v into_o a_o glass-egg_n afford_v not_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v continue_v we_o find_v that_o the_o spirit_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n lose_v its_o limpidness_n and_o become_v muddy_a or_o trouble_v another_o portion_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v

external_o apply_v yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o porosity_n of_o body_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la it_o will_v easy_o appear_v how_o they_o may_v influence_n the_o body_n and_o alter_v the_o humour_n which_o circulate_v in_o it_o and_o to_o what_o be_v there_o offer_v we_o may_v reasonable_o add_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o annulet_n of_o arsenic_n mention_v by_o diemerbreck_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o cantharides_n upon_o some_o person_n who_o only_o wear_v they_o in_o their_o pocket_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o medicine_n external_o specific_v which_o one_o will_v not_o take_v to_o be_v so_o as_o camphire_n which_o internal_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o good_a in_o some_o malignant_a fever_n yet_o outward_o it_o be_v use_v to_o take_v off_o heat_v pimple_n in_o the_o face_n and_o in_o cool_a ointment_n and_o against_o burns_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o very_o hot_a when_o internal_o use_v yet_o it_o if_o present_o apply_v take_v out_o the_o fire_n of_o burns_n and_o so_o mild_a a_o body_n as_o bread_n if_o chew_v and_o outward_o apply_v have_v considerable_a virtue_n in_o external_a affection_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n eat_v a_o thing_n without_o any_o such_o effect_n which_o a_o physician_n tell_v i_o external_o apply_v will_v purge_v child_n be_v neither_o offensive_a in_o colour_n smell_v or_o gripe_v and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o galen_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o epileptic_a boy_n be_v free_a from_o such_o fit_n as_o long_o as_o he_o wear_v only_a peony_n root_n as_o a_o appensum_fw-la and_o i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v paralytic_a that_o be_v sudden_o relieve_v in_o violent_a cramp_n only_o by_o handle_v the_o tooth_n of_o a_o river-horse_n and_o i_o as_o well_o as_o other_o have_v be_v relieve_v in_o the_o cramp_n by_o put_v a_o ring_n make_v of_o a_o elk_n hoof_n upon_o my_o finger_n and_o i_o know_v another_o cure_v of_o a_o incontinentia_fw-la vrinae_fw-la by_o the_o sole_a use_n of_o a_o appensum_fw-la and_o a_o lady_n have_v a_o scrofulous_a tumour_n dispel_v only_o by_o successive_o apply_v the_o body_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n to_o the_o part_n affect_v till_o the_o cold_a sensible_o penetrate_v into_o it_o and_o i_o myself_o have_v not_o only_o a_o violent_a haemorrhage_n speedy_o stop_v by_o hold_v moss_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n skull_n in_o my_o hand_n but_o a_o gentleman_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o when_o he_o be_v let_v blood_n he_o hold_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n no_o blood_n will_v flow_v out_o till_o he_o lay_v it_o aside_o and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v be_v free_v from_o a_o palpitation_n of_o his_o heart_n which_o usual_o fall_v upon_o he_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n sleep_v with_o great_a terror_n only_o by_o wear_v smooth_a and_o flat_a cornelian_o in_o a_o bag_n over_o the_o pit_n of_o his_o stomach_n galen_n tell_v we_o that_o jasper_n wear_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v good_a for_o the_o stomach_n and_o monardes_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bleed_v of_o the_o hemorrhoid_v have_v be_v stop_v by_o wear_v a_o ring_n make_v of_o a_o bloodstone_n upon_o the_o finger_n and_o not_o only_a boetius_fw-la and_o johannes_n de_fw-fr laet_n commend_v lapis_n nephriticus_n but_o the_o experience_a monardes_n and_o other_o and_o untzerus_n tell_v we_o that_o by_o wear_v this_o stone_n some_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v make_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o be_v expel_v out_o at_o the_o eye_n and_o that_o one_o that_o have_v a_o catarrh_n be_v purge_v fourteen_o time_n in_o one_o day_n by_o wear_v of_o it_o and_o it_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n though_o not_o so_o strong_o upon_o another_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v here_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o though_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o several_a way_n by_o which_o specific_a medicine_n may_v operate_v yet_o i_o think_v not_o those_o always_o single_o effectual_a but_o that_o sometime_o they_o joint_o contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n without_o enlarge_a upon_o this_o account_n i_o shall_v only_o subjoin_v that_o i_o hope_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o specific_a medicine_n be_v not_o irreconcilable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n chap._n xii_o a_o short_a account_n of_o ambergrease_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o october_n 6._o 1673._o i_o receive_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o one_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n ambergrease_n be_v not_o the_o scum_n or_o excrement_n of_o the_o whale_n etc._n etc._n but_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o always_o shoot_v out_o its_o root_n towards_o the_o sea_n seek_v the_o warmth_n of_o it_o thereby_o to_o deliver_v the_o fat_a gum_n that_o come_v out_o of_o it_o which_o tree_n otherwise_o by_o its_o copious_a fatness_n may_v be_v burn_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v very_o tough_a and_o can_v scarce_o be_v loosen_v from_o the_o root_n except_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o plant_v the_o tree_n where_o the_o stream_n set_v to_o the_o shore_n it_o will_v cast_v it_o up_o to_o great_a advantage_n march_n 1._o 1672._o in_o batavia_n journal_n advice_n from_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la advertisement_n the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boyl_n esq_n vol._n one_a and_o second_o sell_v by_o j._n phillip_n at_o the_o kings-arm_n and_o j._n taylor_n at_o the_o ship_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n the_o table_n a_o air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la page_n 103_o of_o the_o air_n be_v temper_n p._n 107_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n examine_v p._n 145_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n p._n 268_o 271_o of_o the_o ●tmospheres_n of_o consistent_a solid_n p._n 412_o of_o ambergrease_n p._n 551_o b_o to_o preserve_v bird_n etc._n etc._n p._n 353_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o air_n in_o fish_n ibid._n the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 459_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 460_o 516._o of_o its_o taste_n ibid._n of_o its_o odour_n ibid._n of_o its_o heat_n ibid._n of_o its_o inflamability_n ibid._n of_o the_o acid_n part_v natural_o mix_v with_o human_n blood_n p._n 461_o of_o its_o specific_a gravity_n ibid._n of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o consistent_a part_n p._n 462_o of_o the_o consistence_n of_o human_n blood_n ibid._n of_o its_o disposition_n to_o concretion_n ibid._n what_o liquor_n or_o salt_n coagulate_v it_o ibid._n what_o hinder_v its_o coagulation_n ibid._n what_o liquor_n preserve_v it_o etc._n etc._n ibid._n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_n blood_n ibid._n of_o the_o phlegm_n and_o oil_n of_o human_a blood_n p._n 465_o of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 467_o of_o its_o terra_fw-la damnata_fw-la p._n 468_o what_o substance_n may_v be_v chemical_o obtain_v from_o it_o ibid._n c_o of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o cold_a p._n 1_o 189_o cold_a produce_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a p._n 2_o by_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o urine_n p._n 3_o by_o spirit_n of_o rock_n allom._n ibid._n by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salarmoniack_a p._n 4._o potential_a coldness_n mechanical_o explain_v p._n 5_o degree_n of_o cold_a neither_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o our_o sensory_a nor_o weather-glass_n p._n 11_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o several_a body_n p._n 48_o of_o the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n p._n 53_o 85_o of_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n by_o cold_a p._n 55_o of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n p._n 66_o of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n p._n 83_o what_o medium_n cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o p._n 88_o of_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold._n p._n 120_o promiscuous_a experiment_n concern_v cold._a p._n 129_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold_a examine_v p._n 158_o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n p._n 180_o d_o observation_n about_o diamond_n and_o other_o shine_a body_n p._n 138_o 139_o 141._o e_o what_o the_o success_n of_o experiment_n depend_v on_o p._n 9_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la p._n 100_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la p._n 102_o experiment_n about_o explosion_n p._n 232_o of_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o effluvium_n p._n 415_o of_o their_o efficacy_n p._n 424_o of_o their_o determinate_a nature_n p._n 431_o f_o of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o p._n 38_o of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v p._n 42._o of_o body_n not_o dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v p._n 45_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n on_o solid_a body_n

p._n 123_o several_a experiment_n about_o freeze_a p._n 164_o fire_n and_o flame_n make_v ponderable_a p._n 205_o 206_o 210._o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o flame_n and_o air._n p._n 218_o 220_o 223._o flame_n preserve_v under_o water_n p._n 225_o of_o the_o propagation_n of_o flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 226_o 227_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o air_n and_o the_o flamma_n vitalis_n of_o animal_n p._n 229_o g_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n dissolve_v in_o water_n p._n 4._o of_o the_o perviousness_n of_o glass_n p._n 213_o a_o comminution_n of_o gold_n into_o powder_n p._n 363_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o granate_n ibid._n of_o the_o origin_n of_o gem_n p._n 380_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n p._n 397_o h_n heat_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n p._n 4_o of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o heat_n p._n 191_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o p._n 279_o a_o new_a hydrostatical_a instrument_n and_o its_o use_n propose_v p._n 311_o observation_n about_o hurricane_n p._n 365_o i_o of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n p._n 68_o observation_n and_o experiment_n concern_v ice_n p._n 91_o what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o snow_n p._n 96_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n p._n 172_o l_o the_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v p._n 75_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o light_n and_o air._n of_o the_o levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n p._n 265_o a_o self_n move_v liquor_n p._n 351_o a_o preparation_n of_o liquid_a laudanum_n describe_v p._n 354_o m_n of_o mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n p._n 203_o of_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o metal_n p._n 318_o medicina_fw-la hydrostatica_fw-la p._n 329_o the_o weight_n of_o several_a body_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o water_n p._n 346_o passage_n relate_v to_o the_o art_n of_o medicine_n p._n 355_o of_o specific_a medicine_n p._n 528_o their_o operation_n mechanical_o solve_v p._n 531_o that_o by_o their_o unite_n with_o a_o distemper_a humour_n a_o three_o body_n may_v be_v produce_v not_o so_o offensive_a to_o nature_n p._n 547_o n_n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n p._n 104_o of_o the_o effect_n of_o nitre_n in_o freeze_a p._n 131_o of_o the_o aerial_a noctiluca_n p._n 245_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o noctilucas_n p._n 247_o of_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n p._n 255_o of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o its_o part_n p._n 259_o o_o oly_a of_o vitriol_n and_o salarmoniack_a mix_v together_o p._n 8_o a_o hydrostatical_a way_n of_o estimate_v oar_n p._n 321_o p_o of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la p._n 99_o a_o chemical_a analysis_n of_o pearl_n p._n 370_o of_o the_o porosity_n of_o body_n p._n 440_o of_o the_o porosity_n of_o animal_n body_n p._n 450_o the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n and_o fermentation_n on_o human_n blood_n p._n 485_o r_n what_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o p._n 6_o strange_a report_n p._n 373_o s_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n p._n 272_o of_o the_o serum_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 474_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 483_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n what_o p._n 487_o of_o what_o classis_fw-la of_o saline_n body_n it_o be_v of_o p._n 488_o whether_o different_a from_o spirit_n of_o urine_n etc._n etc._n p._n 490_o of_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o substance_n it_o be_v draw_v from_o p._n 491_o of_o its_o consistence_n and_o specific_a gravity_n p._n 492_o of_o its_o odour_n taste_n and_o colour_n p._n 494_o of_o its_o dissolve_v power_n p._n 495_o of_o the_o coagulate_a power_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 499_o of_o its_o precipitate_v power_n p._n 500_o of_o its_o affinity_n with_o some_o chemical_a oil_n etc._n etc._n p._n 501_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o air._n p._n 504_o of_o its_o hostility_n with_o acid_n etc._n etc._n p._n 506_o of_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n p._n 508_o 511_o t_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n p._n 193_o what_o tincture_n may_v be_v draw_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n p._n 497_o five_o title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_a urine_n p._n 472_o w_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n p._n 30_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o other_o freeze_a liquor_n p._n 62_o 187_o of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n p._n 79_o water_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la p._n 702_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfreeze_v p._n 126_o whether_o ●ot_n water_n freeze_v soon_o than_o cold._n p._n 134_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n p._n 277_o finis_fw-la

sound_n as_o amber_n continue_v warm_v a_o considerable_a time_n after_o the_o sound_n make_v in_o rub_v of_o it_o cease_v texture_n several_a quality_n flow_v from_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n we_o observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o fix_a petre_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o blue_n and_o green_n which_o it_o present_o lose_v upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o acid_n spirit_n the_o disposition_n of_o part_n be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n different_o to_o the_o eye_n a_o change_v not_o unlike_o which_o happen_v upon_o the_o expose_v fix_v nitre_n to_o the_o air_n and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o soot_n which_o be_v black_a and_o a_o congery_n of_o opacous_a exhalation_n shall_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a fire_n fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o fume_n as_o white_a as_o milk_n and_o the_o colour_n to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o sublimation_n of_o black_a antimony_n and_o white_a salarmoniack_a be_v no_o less_o pleasant_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o experiment_n have_v not_o long_o ago_o attempt_v to_o make_v salt-petre_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la the_o mixture_n unite_v prove_v to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a green_a colour_n which_o reside_v more_o peculiarly_a in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o than_o other_o though_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v a_o particular_a preparation_n who_o crystal_n be_v as_o white_a as_o sugar_n candy_n it_o be_v on_o this_o occasion_n likewise_o further_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o fume_n of_o nitre_n raise_v distillation_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n yet_o they_o condense_a into_o a_o liquor_n altogether_o void_a of_o it_o and_o also_o that_o fix_a nitre_n though_o a_o opacous_a body_n yet_o do_v it_o unite_v with_o the_o imbibed_a spirit_n into_o diaphanous_a crystal_n salt-petre_n several_a quality_n destroy_v and_o regain_v by_o the_o redintegration_n of_o salt-petre_n there_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o ingredient_n a_o very_a offensive_a smell_n cause_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n emit_v stink_a exhalation_n stir_v up_o by_o the_o mutual_a conflict_n betwixt_o it_o and_o its_o fix_a salt_n where_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o this_o mixture_n shall_v have_v a_o smell_n which_o be_v neither_o in_o nitre_n nor_o either_o of_o the_o ingredient_n and_o yet_o that_o it_o shall_v lose_v that_o smell_n again_o when_o turn_v into_o nitre_n beside_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n be_v strong_o acid_n and_o the_o taste_n of_o nitre_n like_o that_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n it_o be_v surpize_v that_o these_o two_o shall_v unite_v into_o a_o body_n of_o so_o much_o less_o pungency_n in_o taste_n as_o nitre_n bate_v that_o it_o be_v a_o little_o sharp_a by_o reason_n of_o some_o spirituous_a part_n stick_v to_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitre_n but_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a other_o reflection_n may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o precede_a experiment_n for_o it_o seem_v a_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o real_a necessity_n of_o a_o distinct_a sulphur_n to_o render_v a_o body_n inflammable_fw-fr or_o whether_o rather_o inflammability_n depend_v on_o a_o disposition_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o adventitious_a body_n as_o when_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v mix_v or_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n be_v cast_v into_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n for_o the_o part_n of_o that_o liquor_n which_o before_o be_v quiet_a and_o cold_a meet_v with_o pore_n which_o disorder_n their_o motion_n they_o present_o begin_v to_o move_v among_o one_o another_o with_o a_o strange_a rapidity_n and_o to_o cause_v such_o a_o heat_n that_o the_o vessel_n will_v burn_v the_o hand_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v it_o and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o thing_n further_o that_o occur_v in_o our_o experiment_n viz._n that_o though_o nitre_n put_v upon_o a_o burn_a coal_n or_o a_o burn_a coal_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o will_v consume_v itself_o in_o a_o blue_a flame_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o crucible_n which_o be_v red_a hot_a it_o melt_v without_o the_o least_o flame_n it_o may_v be_v also_o worth_a enquiry_n why_o nitre_n which_o be_v a_o solid_a body_n shall_v not_o rather_o stick_v in_o the_o form_n of_o sublimate_n to_o the_o receiver_n like_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a than_o condense_a only_o into_o a_o liquor_n which_o do_v not_o again_o coagulate_v as_o some_o volatile_a spirit_n do_v but_o leave_v these_o phaenomena_n i_o shall_v observe_v further_o that_o though_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n insensible_o exhale_v yet_o when_o associate_v with_o its_o own_o fix_a salt_n it_o admit_v no_o such_o effluvium_n another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o liquor_n several_a saline_n part_n be_v toss_v out_o of_o the_o glass_n into_o the_o air_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o several_a grain_n of_o salt_n will_v remain_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n which_o will_v be_v visible_a if_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v evident_a by_o drop_v some_o of_o it_o into_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n for_o immediate_o some_o grain_n be_v shatter_v in_o piece_n and_o throw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n with_o a_o seem_a violence_n till_o the_o strength_n of_o those_o liquor_n be_v mutual_o diminish_v by_o their_o frequent_a occursion_n and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o each_o have_v contrary_a tendency_n in_o their_o motion_n be_v plain_a from_o this_o viz._n if_o when_o the_o ferment_n cease_v more_o of_o one_o of_o these_o liquor_n be_v drop_v in_o there_o follow_v no_o ebullition_n till_o some_o of_o the_o other_o be_v add_v to_o ferment_n with_o it_o form_n the_o same_o particle_n of_o matter_n have_v different_a effect_n when_o in_o a_o fluid_fw-la from_o what_o they_o have_v in_o a_o solid_a form_n and_o here_o it_o be_v seasonable_a to_o observe_v what_o different_a effect_n the_o part_n of_o these_o body_n have_v when_o at_o liberty_n and_o disjoin_v in_o liquids_n from_o what_o they_o produce_v when_o lock_v up_o in_o concretes_n though_o their_o effect_n even_o then_o be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o briskness_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o also_o to_o their_o determinate_a size_n by_o which_o mean_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o leave_v gold_n untouched_a will_v dissolve_v silver_n yet_o by_o a_o addition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a it_o have_v acquire_v a_o new_a figure_n and_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n it_o work_v upon_o gold_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n a_o solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n will_v dissolve_v unctuous_a body_n which_o the_o acid_n spirit_n will_v not_o work_v upon_o again_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o several_a substance_n into_o which_o salt-petre_n be_v reduce_v viz._n the_o fix_a salt_n and_o the_o volatile_a liquor_n be_v both_o different_a from_o the_o concrete_a itself_o which_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o chemist_n that_o pretend_v that_o body_n distil_v retain_v the_o virtue_n of_o those_o body_n they_o be_v distil_v from_o body_n chemistry_n rather_o destroy_v than_o discover_v the_o principle_n of_o body_n for_o the_o acid_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n will_v precipitate_v the_o same_o body_n which_o fix_v nitre_n dissolve_v and_o so_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n into_o a_o yellow_a colour_n which_o it_o will_v lose_v and_o in_o some_o measure_n by_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o fix_a nitre_n regain_v the_o former_a whereas_o a_o solution_n of_o salt-petre_n change_v neither_o of_o these_o tincture_n eut_fw-fr to_o proceed_v this_o experiment_n give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v considerable_o concern_v in_o the_o production_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o in_o give_v a_o figure_n to_o its_o salt_n since_o the_o crystal_n which_o shoot_v in_o the_o solution_n expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n be_v of_o a_o more_o exact_a size_n and_o figure_n than_o those_o obtain_v after_o a_o quick_a evaporation_n beside_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n yield_v crystal_n much_o more_o like_a nitre_n when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n than_o what_o it_o afford_v upon_o a_o immediate_a crystallization_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o crystal_n which_o shoot_v in_o the_o air_n be_v more_o natural_o figure_v than_o other_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o more_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a vehicle_n for_o they_o to_o move_v leisurely_o in_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o have_v

relate_v a_o story_n of_o a_o person_n who_o eye_n be_v much_o offend_v by_o red_a object_n which_o influence_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o cause_v a_o effusion_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n vi_o man_n do_v not_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o fluid_n upon_o inanimate_a body_n vi_o prop._n vi_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o particular_a texture_n and_o modification_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n that_o the_o peculiar_a modification_n and_o relation_n which_o body_n have_v to_o each_o other_o upon_o that_o account_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o the_o effect_n which_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n produce_v and_o that_o upon_o that_o score_n a_o weak_a motion_n of_o it_o may_v cause_v more_o considerable_a effect_n than_o louder_n sound_v not_o so_o apt_o modify_v i_o shall_v produce_v several_a instance_n for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o the_o string_n of_o a_o instrument_n may_v be_v make_v to_o vibrate_v itself_o by_o the_o motion_n it_o 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that_o though_o a_o musician_n vary_v his_o note_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v trial_n whether_o they_o will_v resound_v in_o the_o arch_n it_o will_v answer_v to_o but_o one_o note_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o there_o be_v the_o like_a peculiarity_n in_o most_o vault_n vii_o some_o body_n be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o absolute_a rest_n vii_o prop._n vii_o when_o they_o be_v only_o in_o a_o state_n of_o tension_n or_o compression_n though_o the_o external_n superficies_n of_o a_o body_n seem_v to_o argue_v that_o its_o part_n be_v at_o rest_n since_o it_o retain_v its_o proper_a figure_n and_o dimension_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o those_o corpuscle_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v various_o move_v among_o themselves_o or_o in_o a_o tendency_n to_o motion_n a_o instance_n of_o the_o first_o of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o heat_a iron_n whether_o make_v hot_a by_o actual_a fire_n or_o hammer_v for_o though_o the_o eye_n can_v discern_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o among_o its_o part_n yet_o the_o touch_n perceive_v it_o manifest_o hot_a and_o though_o the_o lath_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n or_o the_o string_n of_o a_o bow_n be_v look_v upon_o when_o bend_v as_o body_n at_o rest_n yet_o the_o springiness_n of_o the_o former_a and_o violent_a separation_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o latter_a when_o cut_v manifest_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o be_v only_o in_o a_o state_n of_o tension_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v several_a instance_n take_v as_o well_o from_o nature_n as_o art_n of_o the_o latter_a sort_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o among_o glass_n which_o to_o all_o appearance_n be_v well_o bake_v several_a month_n after_o they_o be_v make_v some_o of_o they_o fly_v in_o piece_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n which_o they_o scarce_o ever_o fail_v to_o do_v if_o they_o be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v to_o cool_v sudden_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o metalline_a glass_n of_o my_o own_o preparation_n 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a_o certain_a artificer_n have_v cast_v a_o number_n of_o metalline_a concave_n find_v that_o though_o he_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n whilst_o cool_v and_o though_o they_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n and_o much_o hard_a than_o iron_n yet_o when_o they_o be_v leisurely_o cool_v to_o a_o certain_a degree_n they_o will_v crack_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n the_o second_o observation_n be_v that_o a_o expert_a artist_n have_v cast_v a_o quantity_n of_o bell-metal_n and_o permit_v it_o to_o cool_v about_o 12_o hour_n upon_o the_o area_n of_o a_o iron_n instrument_n he_o find_v it_o considerable_o shrink_v from_o the_o instrument_n and_o crack_v in_o several_a place_n and_o the_o like_a accident_n have_v happen_v in_o brass_n for_o a_o artist_n assure_v i_o that_o have_v cast_v a_o ring_n of_o brace_n about_o a_o cylinder_n of_o iron_n upon_o cool_v it_o be_v so_o much_o shrink_v as_o to_o leave_v a_o crack_n quite_o through_o on_o one_o side_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o seem_v reasonable_a to_o infer_v that_o a_o body_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o state_n of_o tension_n as_o well_o by_o be_v expanded_a by_o the_o external_n force_v of_o the_o fire_n as_o any_o other_o external_a agent_n and_o also_o that_o the_o preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n which_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o by_o some_o agent_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o depend_v on_o their_o previous_a disposition_n since_o though_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n will_v not_o cause_v a_o string_n of_o a_o instrument_n to_o crack_v which_o be_v moderate_o wind_v up_o yet_o if_o its_o tension_n be_v much_o strong_a it_o present_o fly_v in_o piece_n so_o likewise_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o glass_n be_v hot_a in_o one_o part_n

and_o cool_v in_o another_o though_o cold_a water_n drop_v upon_o the_o hot_a glass_n will_v crack_v it_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o the_o cool_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o which_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o experiment_n contain_v in_o this_o capter_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o a_o state_n of_o rest_n as_o of_o tension_n and_o compression_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o experience_a artist_n show_v i_o a_o lump_n of_o matter_n consist_v of_o a_o great_a many_o agat_n lodge_v in_o a_o cement_n much_o hard_a than_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o agat_n he_o affirm_v will_v sometime_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o cement_n endeavour_n to_o expand_v themselves_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o viii_o the_o reason_n why_o languid_a local_a motion_n viii_o prop._n viii_o and_o its_o effect_n be_v so_o much_o overlook_v be_v because_o we_o be_v too_o apt_a to_o take_v notice_n only_o of_o the_o visible_a impression_n of_o one_o body_n against_o anowithout_n observe_v the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o minute_n part_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o have_v turn_v a_o key_n in_o a_o brass_n stop_v cock_n a_o considerable_a time_n till_o the_o metal_n by_o frequent_a attrition_n become_v hot_a i_o observe_v it_o at_o the_o last_o so_o to_o swell_v as_o to_o stick_v fast_o like_o a_o wedge_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v move_v till_o the_o metal_n be_v again_o cool_a and_o a_o experience_a workman_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o in_o make_v such_o instrument_n before_o the_o key_n can_v right_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v to_o fit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o cool_v it_o several_a time_n in_o water_n to_o take_v down_o the_o expansion_n effect_v by_o the_o heat_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n will_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o draw_v one_o finger_n round_o the_o brim_n and_o that_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o toss_v several_a drop_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air_n and_o a_o drinking-glass_n artificial_o cut_v by_o a_o spiral_n line_n be_v dextrous_o invert_v and_o shake_v will_v have_v its_o part_n so_o manifest_o vibrate_v up_o and_o down_o as_o to_o acquire_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n without_o any_o evident_a injury_n to_o the_o glass_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o make_v use_v of_o harden_v steel_n instrument_n to_o turn_v iron_n and_o shake_v off_o the_o protuberance_n of_o that_o metal_n that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o will_v acquire_v such_o a_o heat_n and_o so_o lose_v its_o temper_n as_o to_o look_v blue_a or_o yellowish_a if_o it_o be_v not_o timely_o dip_v in_o a_o convenient_a liquor_n to_o keep_v it_o cool_v to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v two_o or_o three_o time_n bend_v a_o bar_n of_o tin_n in_o my_o hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o i_o find_v upon_o the_o break_v of_o it_o that_o the_o internal_a part_n have_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o part_n without_o a_o manifest_a percussion_n be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o not_o only_o hard_a but_o soft_a body_n may_v do_v so_o too_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v which_o be_v that_o a_o artist_n have_v only_o rub_v optick-glass_n with_o putree_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n to_o polish_v they_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o sometime_o to_o crack_v though_o i_o be_o not_o unapt_a to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n may_v as_o well_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v too_o violent_a since_o from_o the_o aforementioned_a vibration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o motion_n without_o heat_n and_o that_o by_o a_o very_a easy_a friction_n such_o body_n may_v acquire_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v suffer_v melt_v brimstone_n to_o cool_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o cavity_n be_v concave_a i_o rub_v the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o brimstone_n upon_o a_o cushion_n for_o some_o time_n and_o find_v by_o apply_v my_o ear_n to_o it_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o brimstone_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o vibrate_v motion_n as_o to_o continue_v a_o crackle_n noise_n for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o friction_n be_v discontinue_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v rub_v two_o stone_n take_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n together_o i_o find_v they_o to_o yield_v a_o strong_a urinous_a smell_n and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n will_v emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n by_o rub_v it_o upon_o cloth_n but_o diamond_n themselves_o will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o electricity_n and_o i_o have_v one_o by_o i_o which_o if_o rub_v will_v appear_v luminous_a in_o the_o dark_a and_o that_o it_o may_v further_o appear_v that_o a_o peculiar_a modification_n of_o motion_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o various_a effect_n produce_v by_o it_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o those_o stone_n which_o italian_a glassman_n make_v use_v of_o afford_v spark_n of_o fire_n by_o collision_n but_o if_o moderate_o rub_v together_o they_o emit_v fetid_a exhalation_n from_o whence_o probable_o proceed_v those_o offensive_a steam_n emit_v by_o glass_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a and_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v though_o glass_n when_o red-hot_a emit_v no_o such_o effluvia_fw-la yet_o if_o two_o piece_n be_v dexterous_o rub_v together_o they_o will_v send_v forth_o steam_n copious_a enough_o and_o fetid_a and_o to_o show_v how_o brisk_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o inorganical_a body_n be_v and_o how_o soon_o they_o communicate_v motion_n to_o one_o another_o we_o need_v but_o consider_v how_o the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o a_o bell_n be_v continue_v successive_o round_o it_o and_o how_o all_o that_o time_n it_o communicate_v that_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o for_o that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o successive_o keep_v in_o motion_n appear_v from_o that_o tremble_v motion_n which_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o one_o finger_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o continuity_n much_o deaden_n and_o cause_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v much_o short_a and_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v its_o undulate_a motion_n from_o the_o impress_n of_o the_o bell_n all_o that_o time_n appear_v if_o one_o finger_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o which_o stop_v that_o tremulous_a motion_n and_o that_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v very_o brisk_a be_v evince_v from_o what_o be_v general_o affirm_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o string_n be_v tie_v about_o a_o bell_n so_o as_o to_o check_v the_o tremulous_a motion_n upon_o the_o strike_n of_o the_o clapper_n it_o will_v break_v some_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a than_o other_o so_o that_o the_o disproportionate_a motion_n compare_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o part_n surmount_v their_o cohesion_n they_o must_v consequent_o fly_v asunder_o and_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v so_o agitate_a i_o put_v file_n of_o steel_n and_o drop_v of_o water_n into_o a_o hand-bell_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o impulse_n of_o a_o key_n the_o water_n shiver_v and_o the_o file_n have_v likewise_o such_o a_o motion_n give_v to_o their_o part_n as_o enable_v they_o to_o dance_v up_o and_o down_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o these_o observation_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v what_o considerable_a effect_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o unheeded_a motion_n of_o invisible_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o other_o less_o intelligible_a cause_n chap._n xvii_o a_o supplement_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a effect_n of_o languid_a and_o unheeded_a local_a motion_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a observation_n and_o first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n may_v act_v on_o body_n due_o predispose_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n appear_v from_o what_o the_o learned_a borellus_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la percussionis_fw-la prop._n cxi_o relate_v viz._n that_o be_v at_o tauromenium_n in_o sicily_n about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o mount_n aetna_n when_o it_o first_o break_v out_o it_o be_v observable_a

high_a octob._n 16._o 77._o three_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 30_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v much_o octob._n 18._o it_o be_v not_o a_o inch_n high_a jan._n 2._o 18._o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o full_a and_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v pour_v out_o produce_v bubble_n in_o some_o turpentine_n about_o the_o orifice_n which_o break_v outward_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o hinder_v it_o see_v the_o ii_o viii_o and_o fourteen_o exp._n art_n ii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 19_o 78._o mu_o express_v must_v from_o must_v bruise_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v 10_o month_n old_a the_o 21._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o 23._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n 24._o raise_v 5_o inch_n 25._o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v 104_o in_o the_o evening_n 137_o and_o the_o must_v make_v its_o way_n out_o 26._o more_o must_v get_v out_o the_o air_n be_v further_o expanded_a but_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n 27._o the_o screw_n be_v leave_v open_a half_o the_o must_v get_v out_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o keep_v grape_n for_o some_o time_n their_o fermentative_a virtue_n become_v more_o powerful_a experiment_n viii_o jan._n 30._o boil_a apple_n be_v put_v into_o receiver_n apple_n from_o boil_a apple_n with_o and_o without_o sugar_n they_o both_o present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o air._n jan._n 31._o raw_n apple_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o receiver_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n and_o the_o other_o without_o feb._n 10._o the_o former_a have_v yield_v some_o air._n feb._n 14._o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o inch_n those_o which_o be_v boil_a raise_v it_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n we_o have_v no_o air_n generate_v feb._n 18._o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v enclose_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 56_o inch_n the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 3._o the_o raw_a apple_n have_v yield_v little_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o full_a the_o apple_n be_v very_o little_o ferment_v but_o of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a taste_n feb._n 21._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o the_o apple_n and_o sugar_n have_v lose_v some_o of_o their_o juice_n but_o they_o be_v not_o rot_a march_v 1_o in_o the_o great_a receiver_n in_o which_o raw_a apple_n be_v shut_v up_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n in_o the_o little_a one_o not_o above_o 7._o where_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n march_n 8._o in_o the_o large_a one_o it_o be_v 29._o in_o the_o less_o 22_o ½_n that_o where_o the_o boil_a apple_n be_v stay_v at_o 9_o inch_n march_n 17._o some_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o the_o large_a receiver_n in_o the_o less_o the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 67_o inch_n and_o the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sugar_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crudity_n of_o the_o fruit_n contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o air._n article_n ii_o several_a way_n to_o hinder_v the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n i._n decemb._n 20._o 78._o dough_n make_v without_o leaven_n dough._n from_o dough._n but_o with_o the_o same_o meal_n with_o breadcorn_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o fire_n keep_v it_o warm_a than_o at_o midsummer_n in_o 10_o hour_n it_o yield_v no_o air_n so_o that_o if_o doughty_n be_v once_o too_o cold_a it_o hinder_v its_o fermentation_n for_o the_o future_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o doughty_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n present_o generate_v air._n experiment_n ii_o may_v 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o doughty_n leaven_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 50_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o put_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o it_o may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v three_o inch_n high_a may_v 26._o the_o change_n be_v small_a may_v 27._o none_o at_o all_o may_v 29._o none_o at_o all_o june_n 2._o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a june_n 14._o not_o at_o all_o decemb._n 14._o be_v take_v out_o it_o smell_v subacid_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o empty_a receiver_n it_o swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v up_o twice_o as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o with_o a_o gentle_a ebullition_n may_v 23._o the_o same_o quantity_n be_v of_o doughty_n shut_v up_o without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v 19_o ½_n inch_n high_a may_v 26._o it_o be_v height_n be_v 38._o may_v 27._o no_o alteration_n decemb._n 14._o it_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o dough_n smell_v subacid_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n experiment_n iii_o august_n 29._o pear_n pear_n from_o pear_n and_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n fill_v with_o water_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o be_v all_o make_v like_o a_o pultis_fw-la for_o consistence_n aug._n 30._o in_o 24_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a aug._n 31._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 1._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n sept._n 2._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_o sept._n 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 17_o digit_n high_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o inch_n sept._n 4._o the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o 7_o inch_n further_o rest_v at_o 59_o inch_n sept._n 5._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a tube_n be_v 64_o inch_n and_o a_o pear_n break_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v turn_v black_n sept._n 6._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n and_o ¼_n high_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a sept._n 7._o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n low_a and_o rest_v again_o at_o 64_o inch_n sept._n 8._o this_o day_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 58_o inch_n sept._n 9_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o 3_o digit_n high_o again_o and_o be_v suspend_v at_o 67_o digit_n sept._n 10._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 69_o inch_n sept._n 11._o it_o descend_v to_o 67_o digit_n again_o the_o night_n be_v very_o cold_a sept._n 12._o no_o alteration_n happen_v at_o all_o sept._n 13._o it_o subside_v further_o to_o 64_o digit_n the_o cold_a be_v sharp_a sept._n 14._o it_o be_v 70_o digit_n high_a sept._n 16._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o sept._n 19_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 20._o it_o be_v raise_v again_o to_o 71._o sept._n 23._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o again_o to_o 75_o digit_n octob._n 3_o on_o the_o 2_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n it_o stand_v at_o 70_o the_o wether_n be_v exceed_o cold_a octob._n yesterday_o the_o mercury_n remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o this_o day_n be_v rainy_n it_o rise_v again_o to_o 75._o octob._n 7._o the_o wether_n be_v the_o same_o the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n octob._n 10._o this_o day_n it_o subside_v to_o 69_o inch_n the_o rainy_n weather_n continue_v octob._n 12._o to_o day_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o 65_o inch_n cold_a wether_n come_v on_o again_o octob._n 13._o it_o be_v 64_o inch_n high_a octob._n 14_o it_o be_v 69_o digit_n high_a octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a octob._n 24_o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n the_o season_n be_v cold_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 64._o the_o cold_a more_o violent_a nou._n 5._o the_o mercury_n be_v 80_o ½_n inch_n high_a the_o cold_a more_o moderate_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 65_o inch_n high_a it_o be_v sharp_a frosty_a wether_n nou._n 27._o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n high_a a_o thaw_v come_v on_o dec._n 6._o it_o be_v 61_o inch_n high_a the_o wether_n be_v very_o frosty_a from_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v not_o air_n plentiful_o when_o violent_o compress_v in_o the_o air_n the_o air_n afford_v when_o they_o be_v compress_v not_o be_v ⅛_n of_o what_o they_o yield_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n but_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v concur_v to_o hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n will_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a

compress_v air_n contribute_v to_o the_o prolong_n of_o life_n experiment_n vii_o june_n 13._o 77._o i_o enclose_v 4_o fly_n in_o a_o receiver_n receiver_n fly_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 60_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 3_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air._n july_n 14._o in_o the_o morning_n they_o be_v all_o well_o in_o the_o afternoon_n 2_o of_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a about_o 5_o all_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a but_o one_o and_o the_o 3_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v alive_a july_n 15._o in_o the_o morning_n those_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v dead_a but_o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v take_v out_o fly_v speedy_o away_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o die_v rather_o for_o want_v of_o nourishment_n than_o air_n since_o that_o which_o survive_v in_o the_o compress_v air_n and_o have_v the_o body_n of_o the_o other_o to_o feed_v upon_o be_v not_o distemper_v experiment_n viii_o june_n 15._o eight_o fly_n be_v include_v in_o two_o distinct_a receiver_n receiver_n fly_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n in_o one_o compress_v more_o than_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n june_n 16._o two_o in_o the_o common_a air_n and_o one_o in_o the_o compress_v be_v dead_a in_o the_o morning_n in_o the_o afternoon_n all_o in_o the_o common_a air_n seem_v dead_a june_n 17._o all_o except_o one_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a from_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o compression_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n affect_v fly_n very_o little_a except_o there_o be_v almost_o a_o complete_a vacuum_n experiment_n ix_o june_n 18._o two_o frog_n be_v enclose_v in_o two_o receiver_n receiver_n frog_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n shut_v up_o by_o the_o help_n of_o screw_n the_o one_o with_o common_a air_n and_o the_o other_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o as_o much_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 70_o digit_n june_n 19_o no_o alteration_n be_v perceive_v june_n 20._o the_o frog_n be_v alive_a and_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o be_v increase_v june_n 21._o in_o the_o evening_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v dead_a june_n 23._o in_o the_o morning_n that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v dead_a whether_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o latter_a contribute_v to_o prolong_v its_o life_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o further_a observation_n experiment_n x._o june_n 18._o 77._o receiver_n orange_n convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n two_o half_n of_o a_o orange_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n with_o screw_n so_o much_o air_n be_v add_v to_o the_o one_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n june_n 22._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v mouldy_a and_o at_o 3_o a_o clock_n afternoon_n the_o other_o have_v contract_v a_o mucor_fw-mi june_n 23._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v more_o mucid_a than_o the_o other_o june_n 24._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v all_o over_o mouldy_a june_n 28._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n have_v lose_v its_o mouldiness_n the_o other_o be_v unaltered_a june_n 30._o be_v take_v out_o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v half_o rot_v the_o other_o whole_o putrify_v and_o mucid_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a so_o be_v the_o body_n contain_v more_o mucid_a the_o mouldiness_n in_o the_o compress_v increase_v more_o intense_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o so_o soon_o experiment_n xi_o june_n 29._o 77._o receiver_n rose_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n two_o receiver_n stop_v with_o screw_n contain_v rose_n so_o much_o air_n be_v squeeze_v into_o one_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n july_n 14._o the_o rose_n in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v alter_v but_o the_o other_o begin_v to_o wither_v and_o look_v yellow_a about_o 4_o day_n ago_o july_n 17._o be_v take_v out_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v much_o corrupt_v and_o of_o a_o ungrateful_a smell_n the_o other_o have_v undergo_v very_o little_a alteration_n from_o hence_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o corruption_n depend_v on_o the_o quantity_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o july_n 4._o a_o limon_n be_v divide_v and_o shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n with_o screw_n so_o much_o air_n be_v add_v to_o one_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 90_o digit_n july_n 7._o both_o piece_n seem_v to_o acquire_v a_o mouldiness_n at_o the_o same_o time_n july_n 17._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v much_o more_o hoary_a and_o putrid_a than_o the_o other_o this_o experiment_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v what_o be_v infer_v in_o the_o forego_n but_o also_o that_o a_o triple_a compression_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o limon_n be_v too_o weak_a sensible_o to_o retard_v the_o production_n of_o mouldiness_n or_o finew_n experiment_n xiii_o july_n 18._o 77._o receiver_n gillyflower_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n one_o parcel_n of_o gillyflower_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n and_o a_o equal_a parcel_n in_o another_o with_o as_o much_o compress_v air_n as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 100_o digit_n above_o its_o wont_a pressure_n july_n 23._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o mouldiness_n but_o the_o other_o be_v only_a moist_a the_o air_n be_v subside_v 30_o inch_n july_n 25._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v more_o compress_v than_o the_o other_o and_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n july_n 26._o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v whole_o putrify_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o hoary_a finew_n the_o other_o be_v only_a moist_a in_o some_o place_n august_n 1_o those_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v take_v out_o be_v rot_v and_o stink_v the_o other_o be_v moist_a retain_v their_o colour_n and_o smell_v not_o at_o all_o offensive_a this_o experiment_n confirm_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n do_v increase_v corruption_n and_o also_o that_o mouldiness_n be_v not_o produce_v but_o in_o compress_v air._n experiment_n fourteen_o july_n 21._o 77._o air._n a_o shrew_n mouse_n in_o common_a air._n to_o try_v whether_o a_o shrew-mouse_n will_v consume_v or_o produce_v air_n i_o shut_v it_o up_o in_o a_o recipient_a with_o common_a air._n after_o 2_o hour_n some_o be_v consume_v but_o the_o mouse_n die_v july_n 24._o towards_o evening_n the_o mercury_n seem_v a_o little_a high_o july_n 25._o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v produce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la july_n 26._o it_o increase_v considerable_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o live_a animal_n consume_v and_o dead_a one_o produce_v air._n experiment_n xv._o august_n 31._o receiver_n pear_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v into_o a_o receiver_n which_o contain_v pear_n as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n 30_o digit_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n sept._n 1._o the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v sept._n 2._o it_o sink_v to_o 25_o inch_n sept._n 3._o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 26._o sept_n 4._o it_o be_v 28_o digit_n high_a sept._n 8._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v 5_o of_o the_o pear_n have_v lose_v their_o firmness_n but_o 2_o retain_v august_n 31._o the_o same_o sort_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air._n sept._n 1._o the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o little_a i_o suppose_v by_o the_o cold._n sept._n 2._o it_o be_v not_o change_v sept._n 3._o it_o be_v raise_v a_o digit_fw-la sept._n 4_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 4_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 6_o ¾_n sept._n 6_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n sept._n 7_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 12_o sept._n 8_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o be_v take_v out_o they_o retain_v their_o taste_n and_o firmness_n much_o better_a than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 31._o the_o same_o sort_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la so_o much_o external_n air_n break_v in_o as_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n a_o inch._n sept._n 1_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 4_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 8_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 12_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 16_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 19_o sept._n 6_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 23_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 27_o sept._n 8_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 30_o be_v take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o taste_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n but_o reserve_v their_o firmness_n from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a the_o less_o air_n be_v produce_v experiment_n xvi_o decemb._n 7._o bird._n a_o small_a bird._n a_o small_a bird_n

liquor_n out_o and_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 100_o inch_n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v whilst_o the_o air_n get_v out_o the_o peach_n turn_v as_o soft_a as_o a_o pultis_fw-la the_o taste_n of_o it_o be_v pleasant_a the_o other_o receiver_n be_v unaltered_a another_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n sept._n 26._o the_o mercury_n be_v 30_o digit_n high_o than_o usual_a sept._n 27._o it_o be_v 72._o sept._n 28._o it_o be_v 90._o liquor_n get_v out_o sept._n 30._o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n the_o liquor_n be_v all_o go_v octob._n 1_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o peach_n though_o soft_a taste_v pleasant_a octob._n 3_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o apple_n be_v contain_v be_v open_a all_o thing_n be_v much_o ferment_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o apple_n have_v get_v out_o the_o peach_n though_o soft_a taste_v pleasant_a fruit_n can_v long_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o air._n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 23._o 78._o apple_n pear_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n peach_n and_o crude_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o one_o receiver_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n and_o in_o another_o with_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v octob._n 1_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o apple_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o other_o have_v lose_v its_o wind_n one_o of_o the_o peach_n have_v lose_v its_o firmness_n both_o of_o they_o retain_v a_o grateful_a taste_n feb._n 5._o 79._o that_o which_o contain_v the_o apple_n seem_v unaltered_a the_o pulp_n and_o peach_n taste_v grateful_a but_o a_o little_a too_o pungent_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a ebullition_n experiment_n v._n sept._n 25._o 78._o apple_n pear_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o apple_n two_o butter_n pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o pulp_n of_o apple_n sept._n 26._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v unaltered_a octob._n 5_o it_o be_v 16_o octob._n 6_o it_o be_v 16_o †_o octob._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o †_o octob._n 29._o it_o subsided_a octob._n 26._o the_o receiver_n be_v crack_v one_o of_o the_o pear_n begin_v to_o rot_v the_o rest_n as_o well_o as_o the_o apple_n taste_v well_o experiment_n vi._n octob._n 1._o 78._o peach_n be_v include_v with_o pulp_n of_o apple_n in_o one_o receiver_n and_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v in_o another_o octob._n 5._o wine_n get_v out_o the_o mercury_n be_v 64._o digit_n high_a octob._n 6._o wine_n run_v out_o it_o be_v 70_o inch_n high_a oct._n 8._o all_o the_o wine_n run_v out_o it_o be_v 86_o high_a oct._n 12._o 86._o oct._n 18._o 86._o the_o other_o receiver_n which_o contain_v pulp_n of_o apple_n for_o those_o five_o day_n have_v lose_v some_o juice_n decemb._n 4_o the_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o apple_n be_v open_v several_a bubble_n break_v out_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n the_o peach_n be_v soft_a and_o pungent_a jun._n 28._o 79._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n stay_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o peach_v emit_v several_a bubble_n be_v wrinkle_a and_o a_o little_a alter_v in_o colour_n their_o taste_n be_v very_o pungent_a and_o a_o little_a acid_n experiment_n vii_o octob._n 4._o 78._o beer_n peach_n with_o wine_n and_o beer_n peach_n be_v shut_v in_o one_o receiver_n with_o wine_n in_o another_o with_o beer_n hop_v and_o in_o another_o with_o beer_n without_o hops_n octob._n 5._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o last_o be_v 15_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o second_o 10._o in_o the_o first_o 9_o octob._n 6._o in_o the_o last_o 25_o inch_n in_o the_o second_o 15._o in_o the_o first_o 20._o octob._n 8._o in_o the_o last_o 35._o second_o 15._o first_o 20._o octob._n 12._o in_o the_o last_o 63._o second_o 15._o first_o 28._o oct._n 15._o in_o the_o last_o 81._o second_o 15._o first_o 30._o oct._n 16._o no_o alteration_n at_o all_o 18._o it_o descend_v a_o little_a in_o all_o 22._o the_o ascent_n in_o the_o wine_n answer_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n octob._n 24._o in_o the_o last_o it_o be_v 96_o digit_n high_a second_o 15._o first_o 30._o oct._n 30._o in_o the_o last_o 115._o second_o 29._o first_o 30._o nou._n 3._o in_o the_o last_o 117._o second_o 20_o first_o 30._o oct._n 6._o in_o the_o last_o 120._o second_o 31._o first_o 31._o oct._n 11._o in_o the_o last_o 105._o second_o 31._o first_o 28._o cold_a wether_n nou._n 16._o the_o peach_n which_o be_v low_a in_o the_o middle_a receiver_n rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n the_o other_o remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n nou._n 25._o in_o the_o last_o 140._o the_o second_o 47._o first_o 32._o nou._n 28._o in_o the_o last_o 96._o second_o 36._o first_o 28._o very_a cold_a wether_n decemb._n 13._o in_o the_o last_o 96._o second_o 47._o first_o 33._o in_o the_o first_o the_o peach_n be_v firm_a and_o well_o colour_v it_o have_v borrow_a a_o taste_n from_o the_o wine_n which_o may_v be_v make_v grateful_a with_o sugar_n the_o wine_n be_v very_o palatable_a decemb._n 30._o in_o the_o last_o 96_o digit_n second_o 47._o the_o peach_n in_o the_o last_o when_o it_o be_v open_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n and_o bubble_v the_o taste_n which_o they_o have_v get_v from_o the_o sugar_n be_v make_v pleasant_a with_o it_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o ferment_v liquor_n may_v preserve_v fruit._fw-la experiment_n viii_o sept._n 5._o 78._o one_o peach_n whole_a and_o another_o cut_n be_v include_v with_o old_a wine_n in_o a_o receiver_n nou._n 20._o some_o of_o the_o wine_n run_v out_o nou._n 30._o a_o three_o part_n be_v lose_v decemb._n 8._o the_o wine_n be_v almost_o lose_v but_o what_o remain_v be_v pleasant_a the_o peach_n be_v much_o ferment_v and_o a_o grateful_a taste_n this_o compare_v with_o the_o first_o receiver_n in_o former_a exp._n show_v that_o wine_n hinder_v fermentation_n if_o in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n but_o here_o the_o peach_n take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n experiment_n ix_o octob._n 11._o 78._o a_o whole_a peach_n and_o another_o cut_n be_v include_v in_o hopped_a and_o fermented_a beer_n octob._n 12_o it_o be_v 3_o octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 15_o octob._n 16_o it_o be_v 15_o octob._n 18_o it_o be_v 12_o very_a cold_a octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 12_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 12_o x_o warm_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o nou._n 3_o it_o be_v low_a cold_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 28_o hot_a nou._n 8_o it_o be_v 33_o nou._n 11_o it_o be_v 40_o nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 40_o beer_n get_v out_o nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 46_o nou._n 19_o it_o be_v 43_o beer_n lose_v nou._n 20_o beer_n lose_v nou._n 23_o it_o be_v almost_o all_o lose_v the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o peach_n be_v soft_a yet_o of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n this_o exper._n compare_v with_o the_o second_o receiver_n exp._n vii_o show_v that_o beer_n in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n and_o fermentation_n of_o peach_n but_o here_o the_o peach_n take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n experiment_n x._o octob._n 19_o 78._o raw_a beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o stale_a beer_n beer_n beef_n with_o stale_a beer_n compress_v till_o the_o mercury_n rise_v 60_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n in_o another_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o beer_n uncompress_v and_o in_o a_o three_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a air._n octob._n 20._o in_o the_o first_o it_o sink_v 40_o digit_n in_o the_o second_o a_o little_a in_o the_o three_o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a octob._n 26._o in_o the_o first_o it_o ascend_v and_o descend_v irregular_o it_o ascend_v slow_o in_o the_o second_o in_o the_o three_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n oct._n 27._o a_o piece_n leave_v in_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o the_o first_o it_o descend_v nou._n 3._o in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v 20_o in_o the_o three_o 10_o digit_n high_a nou._n 5._o the_o two_o first_o do_v not_o stink_n but_o the_o flesh_n have_v get_v a_o taste_n from_o it_o and_o be_v boil_v in_o it_o be_v tender_a that_o include_v with_o common_a air_n stink_v but_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o again_o with_o air._n nou._n 6._o mercury_n be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n nou._n 11._o 8._o nou._n 25._o 20_o digit_n the_o flesh_n stink_v hence_o it_o appear_v that_o beer_n may_v preserve_v beef_n when_o compress_v for_o some_o time_n experiment_n xi_o nou._n 12._o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n salt_n beef_n with_o water_n and_o salt_n and_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o salt_n in_o one_o receiver_n in_o another_o with_o salt_n water_n compress_v till_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n in_o a_o three_o flesh_n and_o air_n