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water_n air_n heat_n zone_n 31 3 12.1423 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28982 A free enquiry into the vulgarly receiv'd notion of nature made in an essay address'd to a friend / by R.B., Fellow of the Royal Society. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1686 (1686) Wing B3979; ESTC R11778 140,528 442

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coldness_n be_v natural_a to_o water_n since_o this_o liquor_n perpetual_o vary_v its_o temperature_n as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n according_a to_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o contiguous_a or_o the_o neighbour_a body_n especial_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o a_o unshaded_a pond_n for_o instance_n though_o it_o rest_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o natural_a place_n as_o they_o speak_v yet_o in_o autumn_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v fair_a the_o temperature_n of_o it_o will_v much_o vary_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o day_n and_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v much_o hot_a at_o noon_n than_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n or_o at_o midnight_n though_o this_o great_a diversity_n be_v the_o effect_n only_o of_o a_o natural_a agent_n the_o sun_n act_v according_a to_o its_o regular_a course_n and_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o winter_n it_o be_v general_o confess_v that_o water_n be_v much_o cold_a than_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o what_o be_v observe_v by_o waterman_n as_o a_o wonderful_a thing_n namely_o that_o in_o river_n boat_n equal_o lade_v will_v not_o sink_v so_o deep_a in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n the_o cold_a condense_v the_o water_n and_o consequent_o make_v it_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o it_o be_v in_o summer_n when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n make_v it_o more_o thin_a in_o divers_a part_n of_o africa_n that_o temperature_n be_v think_v natural_a to_o the_o water_n because_o it_o be_v that_o which_o it_o usual_o have_v which_o be_v far_o hot_a than_o that_o which_o be_v think_v natural_a to_o the_o same_o liquor_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o i_o remember_v on_o this_o occasion_n what_o perhaps_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o mention_v upon_o another_o that_o the_o russian_a czar_n chief_a physician_n inform_v i_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o siberia_n one_o of_o the_o more_o northern_a province_n of_o that_o monarch_n empire_n water_n be_v so_o much_o 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water_n do_v the_o sea_n to_o which_o he_o make_v such_o haste_n preserve_v he_o or_o destroy_v he_o and_o when_o in_o a_o foul_a chimney_n a_o lump_n of_o soot_n fall_v into_o the_o hearth_n and_o present_o burn_v up_o there_o can_v we_o think_v that_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n give_v the_o soot_n a_o appetite_n to_o hasten_v to_o the_o fire_n as_o a_o great_a bulk_n of_o its_o connatural_a body_n or_o a_o place_n provide_v by_o nature_n for_o its_o conservation_n and_o now_o i_o speak_v of_o such_o a_o innate_a appetite_n of_o conjunction_n between_o body_n i_o remember_v what_o i_o late_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o a_o fit_a place_n that_o bubble_n themselves_o may_v overthrow_v the_o argument_n i_o be_v answer_v for_o if_o a_o bubble_n happen_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o haste_v wherewith_o the_o air_n move_v through_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o appetite_n it_o have_v to_o quit_v that_o preternatural_a place_n and_o rejoin_a the_o element_n or_o great_a mass_n of_o air_n detain_v at_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n by_o a_o very_a thin_a skin_n of_o that_o liquor_n together_o with_o which_o it_o constitute_v a_o bubble_n now_o i_o demand_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o this_o appetite_n of_o the_o air_n which_o when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o also_o in_o its_o passage_n upward_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v enable_v it_o to_o ascend_v with_o so_o much_o eagerness_n and_o force_n as_o to_o make_v its_o way_n through_o all_o the_o incumbent_a water_n which_o possible_o be_v very_o deep_a shall_v not_o be_v able_a when_o the_o air_n be_v arrive_v at_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o water_n to_o break_v through_o so_o thin_a a_o membrane_n of_o water_n as_o usual_o serve_v to_o make_v a_o bubble_n and_o which_o suffice_v to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o belove_a conjunction_n with_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o the_o 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quite_o surmount_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o in_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n who_o tenacity_n and_o glutinousness_n be_v far_o less_o than_o that_o of_o water_n bubble_n rare_o continue_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o be_v present_o break_v and_o vanish_v and_o to_o make_v this_o presume_a appetite_n of_o the_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o air_n to_o unite_v with_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o it_o appear_v the_o less_o probable_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v that_o water_n in_o that_o state_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v its_o natural_a state_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v store_n of_o aerial_a particle_n mingle_v with_o it_o notwithstanding_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o external_n air_n that_o be_v incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o put_v a_o glass_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o new_a pneumatical_a engine_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v by_o the_o pump_n take_v off_o there_o will_v from_o time_n to_o time_n disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n a_o multitude_n of_o bubble_n make_v by_o the_o aerial_a particle_n that_o lie_v conceal_v in_o that_o liquor_n and_o i_o have_v further_o try_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o some_o other_o also_o have_v do_v that_o by_o exact_o enclose_v in_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n some_o water_n thus_o free_v from_o the_o air_n and_o leave_v a_o little_a air_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v afterward_o set_v by_o in_o a_o quiet_a place_n the_o corpuscle_n of_o that_o incumbent_a air_n do_v one_o after_o another_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n and_o remain_v lodge_v in_o it_o so_o little_a appetite_n have_v air_n in_o general_a to_o flee_v all_o association_n with_o water_n and_o make_v its_o escape_n out_o of_o that_o liquor_n though_o when_o sensible_a portion_n of_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v under_o water_n the_o great_a inequality_n in_o gravity_n between_o those_o two_o fluid_n make_v the_o water_n press_v up_o the_o air._n but_o though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o mingle_a air_n and_o water_n yet_o because_o it_o can_v be_v do_v in_o few_o word_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o undertake_v it_o the_o phaenomena_n themselves_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o supposition_n of_o my_o adversary_n improbable_a another_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o strong_a appetite_n that_o body_n have_v to_o recover_v their_o natural_a state_n when_o by_o any_o mean_n they_o be_v put_v out_o of_o it_o and_o thereby_o force_v into_o a_o state_n that_o be_v call_v preternatural_a as_o we_o see_v that_o air_n be_v violent_o compress_v in_o a_o blow_a bladder_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v remove_v will_v return_v to_o its_o first_o dimension_n and_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o sword_n be_v bend_v by_o be_v thrust_v against_o the_o floor_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n cease_v restore_v itself_o by_o its_o innate_a power_n to_o its_o former_a straightness_n and_o water_n be_v make_v hot_a by_o the_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v remove_v thence_o hasten_v to_o recover_v its_o former_a coldness_n but_o though_o i_o take_v this_o argument_n to_o have_v much_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o forego_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o real_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n as_o those_o new_o recite_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o cogent_n in_o answer_n to_o it_o therefore_o i_o shall_v represent_v that_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n late_o mention_v that_o the_o proposer_n of_o the_o argument_n ground_n it_o on_o the_o affection_n of_o inanimate_a body_n now_o a_o inanimate_a portion_n of_o matter_n be_v confess_o devoid_a of_o knowledge_n and_o sense_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o uncapable_a of_o be_v concern_v to_o be_v in_o one_o state_n or_o constitution_n rather_o than_o another_o since_o it_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o it_o be_v in_o at_o present_a nor_o remembrance_n of_o that_o from_o which_o it_o be_v force_v and_o consequent_o no_o appetite_n to_o forsake_v the_o former_a that_o it_o may_v return_v to_o the_o latter_a but_o every_o inanimate_a body_n to_o say_v nothing_o now_o of_o plant_n and_o bruit_n animal_n because_o i_o want_v time_n to_o launch_v into_o a_o ample_a discourse_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a to_o all_o place_n and_o state_n continues_z in_o in_o that_o place_n or_o state_n to_o which_o the_o action_n and_o resistance_n of_o other_o body_n and_o especial_o contiguous_a one_o effectual_o determine_v it_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n afford_v by_o water_n i_o consider_v that_o before_o it_o be_v assert_v that_o water_n be_v heat_v return_v of_o itself_o to_o its_o natural_a coldness_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o assertor_n shall_v determine_v what_o degree_n or_o measure_n of_o coldness_n be_v natural_a to_o that_o liquor_n and_o this_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o will_v be_v no_o easy_a task_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o reference_n to_o we_o man_n water_n be_v usual_o cold_a because_o its_o minute_n part_n be_v not_o so_o brisk_o agitate_a as_o those_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o juice_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o hand_n or_o other_o organ_n of_o feel_v but_o that_o water_n be_v actual_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o frog_n and_o those_o fish_n that_o live_v in_o it_o who_o blood_n be_v cold_a as_o to_o our_o sense_n have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v prove_v nor_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v so_o and_o i_o think_v it_o yet_o more_o difficult_a to_o determine_v what_o degree_n of_o
that_o all_o body_n once_o in_o the_o state_n of_o actual_a motion_n whatever_o cause_o first_o bring_v they_o to_o it_o be_v move_v by_o a_o internal_a principle_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o arrow_n that_o actual_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n towards_o a_o mark_n move_v by_o some_o principle_n or_o other_o reside_v within_o itself_o for_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o bow_n it_o be_v shoot_v out_o of_o since_o it_o will_v continue_v though_o that_o be_v break_v or_o even_o annihilate_v nor_o do_v it_o depend_v upon_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o more_o resist_v than_o assist_v its_o progress_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o show_v if_o it_o be_v needful_a and_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o ambient_fw-la air_n either_o to_o be_v annihilate_v or_o which_o in_o our_o case_n will_v be_v aequialent_a render_v uncapable_a of_o either_o further_a or_o hinder_v its_o progress_n i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o arrow_n must_v necessary_o cease_v since_o in_o this_o case_n there_o remain_v no_o medium_fw-la to_o be_v penetrate_v and_o on_o that_o account_n oppose_v its_o progress_n when_o in_o a_o watch_n that_o be_v wind_v up_o the_o spring_n endeavour_v to_o unbend_v or_o display_v itself_o and_o when_o the_o string_n of_o a_o draw_a bow_n be_v break_v or_o let_v go_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o woo●y_a part_n of_o the_o late_a do_v each_o return_n to_o a_o less_o crooked_a line_n and_o though_o these_o motion_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o forcible_a act_n of_o external_n agent_n yet_o the_o watch_n spring_n and_o the_o bow_n have_v in_o themselves_o for_o aught_o appear_v to_o those_o i_o reason_n with_o a_o inward_a principle_n by_o which_o they_o be_v move_v till_o they_o have_v attain_v their_o position_n some_o perhaps_o will_v add_v that_o a_o squib_n or_o a_o rocket_n though_o a_o artificial_a body_n seem_v as_o well_o as_o a_o fall_a star_n to_o move_v from_o a_o internal_a principle_n but_o i_o shall_v rather_o observe_v that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n external_n agent_n be_v requisite_a to_o many_o motion_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v natural_a as_o to_o omit_v the_o germination_n and_o flourish_a of_o divers_a plant_n as_o onion_n leek_n potato_n etc._n etc._n though_o hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o spring_n to_o pass_v by_o this_o i_o say_v if_o in_o the_o pneumatical_a engine_n or_o air-pump_n you_o place_v divers_a infect_v as_o bee_n fly_n caterpillar_n etc._n etc._n and_o withdraw_v the_o common_a air_n from_o the_o receiver_n they_o will_v lie_v moveless_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dead_a though_o it_o be_v for_o several_a hour_n whilst_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o enjoy_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o air_n but_o when_o the_o external_n air_n be_v permit_v again_o to_o return_v upon_o they_o they_o will_v present_o be_v revive_v as_o i_o have_v with_o pleasure_n try_v and_o be_v bring_v to_o move_v again_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a kind_n as_o if_o a_o fly_n for_o instance_n resemble_v a_o little_a windmill_n in_o this_o that_o be_v moveless_a of_o itself_o it_o require_v the_o action_n of_o the_o air_n to_o put_v its_o wing_n and_o other_o part_n into_o motion_n but_o to_o insist_v no_o far_o on_o these_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la we_o may_v consider_v that_o since_o motion_n do_v not_o essential_o belong_v to_o matter_n as_o divisibility_n and_o impenetrableness_n be_v believe_v to_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n at_o least_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o most_o body_n the_o cause_n of_o who_o motion_n we_o can_v discern_v be_v impress_v on_o they_o either_o by_o a_o external_n immaterial_a agent_n god_n or_o by_o other_o portion_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v also_o extrinsical_a impeller_n act_v on_o they_o and_o this_o occasion_n invite_v i_o to_o observe_v that_o though_o motion_n be_v deserve_o make_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o aristotle_n definition_n of_o nature_n 1._o yet_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v such_o motion_n natural_a as_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o distinguish_v from_o those_o they_o call_v violent_a thus_o when_o water_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v natural_a to_o that_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n but_o when_o a_o man_n spurt_v up_o water_n out_o of_o his_o mouth_n into_o the_o air_n they_o pronounce_v that_o motion_n because_o of_o its_o tendency_n upward_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o nature_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o draw_v water_n into_o his_o mouth_n by_o suck_v it_o through_o a_o long_a pipe_n hold_v perpendicular_o they_o will_v have_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n though_o direct_o upward_o to_o be_v not_o violent_a but_o natural_a so_o when_o a_o football_n or_o blow_v bladder_n be_v let_v fall_v upon_o a_o hard_a floor_n rebound_v up_o to_o a_o good_a height_n the_o descent_n and_o ascent_n be_v both_o say_v to_o be_v natural_a motion_n though_o the_o former_a tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o late_a recede_v as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v do_v from_o it_o and_o so_o if_o from_o a_o considerable_a height_n you_o let_v fall_v a_o ball_n of_o some_o close_a wood_n that_o yet_o be_v not_o too_o heavy_a as_o oak_n or_o the_o like_a into_o a_o deep_a vessel_n of_o water_n it_o will_v descend_v a_o great_a way_n in_o that_o liquor_n by_o a_o natural_a motion_n and_o yet_o its_o contrary_a motion_n upward_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v violent_a since_o according_a to_o the_o school_n be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n it_o be_v natural_a to_o it_o to_o affect_v its_o proper_a place_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o must_v ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o lie_v afloat_o there_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v from_o these_o tendency_n to_o opposite_a point_n as_o the_o zenith_n and_o the_o nadir_n that_o man_n be_v wont_n to_o judge_n many_o motion_n of_o body_n to_o be_v natural_a or_o violent_a and_o indeed_o since_o it_o must_v be_v indifferent_a to_o a_o lifeless_a and_o insensible_a body_n to_o what_o place_n it_o be_v make_v to_o move_v all_o its_o motion_n may_v in_o some_o respect_n be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o in_o another_o violent_a for_o as_o very_o many_o body_n of_o visible_a bulk_n be_v set_v a_o move_n by_o external_n impellent_n and_o on_o that_o score_n their_o motion_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v violent_a so_o the_o generality_n of_o impel_v body_n do_v move_v either_o upward_o downward_o etc._n etc._n towards_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o what_o line_n or_o way_n soever_o they_o find_v their_o motion_n least_o resist_v which_o impulse_n and_o tendency_n be_v give_v by_o virtue_n of_o what_o they_o call_v the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a i_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o according_a to_o the_o epicurean_a hypothesis_n it_o need_v not_o at_o all_o be_v admit_v that_o motion_n must_v be_v produce_v by_o such_o a_o principle_n as_o the_o schoolmen_n nature_n for_o according_a to_o that_o great_a and_o ancient_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n the_o atomist_n every_o indivisible_a corpuscle_n have_v actual_a motion_n or_o a_o incessant_a endeavour_n to_o change_v place_n essential_o belong_v to_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o atom_n insomuch_o that_o in_o no_o case_n it_o can_v be_v deprive_v of_o this_o property_n or_o power_n and_o all_o sensible_a body_n be_v according_a to_o these_o physiologer_n but_o casual_a concretion_n or_o coalition_n of_o atom_n each_o of_o they_o need_v no_o other_o principle_n of_o motion_n than_o that_o unloseable_a endeavour_n of_o the_o atom_n that_o compose_v it_o and_o happen_v on_o the_o account_n of_o circumstance_n to_o have_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o more_o numerous_a or_o at_o least_o the_o predominant_a corpuscle_n determine_v one_o way_n and_o to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v some_o other_o such_o reflection_n but_o i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n say_v no_o more_o concern_v motion_n not_o only_o because_o even_o after_o have_v consider_v the_o differ_a definition_n that_o aristotle_n cartesius_n and_o some_o other_o philosopher_n have_v give_v of_o it_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v too_o difficult_a a_o subject_n to_o be_v clear_o explicate_v in_o few_o word_n but_o because_o the_o only_a occasion_n i_o have_v to_o mention_v it_o here_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o vulgar_a distinction_n of_o it_o into_o natural_a and_o violent_a be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o well-grounded_n as_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o admit_v what_o it_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o be_v as_o the_o naturist_n assert_v i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o argument_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o receive_v notion_n of_o nature_n
that_o liquor_n to_o tend_v downward_o and_o actual_o to_o fall_v down_o if_o it_o be_v not_o external_o hinder_v but_o when_o water_n ascend_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n or_o other_o instrument_n that_o motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v wont_v be_v make_v in_o virtue_n of_o a_o more_o catholic_n law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o a_o great_a pressure_n which_o in_o our_o case_n the_o water_n suffer_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n shall_v surmount_v a_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v here_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o ascend_v in_o the_o pump_n or_o pipe_n the_o two_o forego_v observation_n may_v be_v far_o illustrate_v by_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n man_n speak_v of_o thing_n which_o they_o call_v preternatural_a or_o else_o contrary_a to_o nature_n for_o divers_a if_o not_o most_o of_o their_o expression_n of_o this_o kind_n argue_v that_o nature_n be_v in_o they_o take_v for_o the_o particular_a and_o subordinate_a or_o as_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n establish_v among_o body_n thus_o water_n when_o it_o be_v intense_o hot_a be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o preternatural_a state_n because_o it_o be_v in_o one_o that_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o it_o and_o man_n think_v do_v not_o regular_o belong_v to_o it_o though_o the_o fire_n or_o sun_n that_o thus_o agitate_v it_o and_o put_v it_o into_o this_o state_n be_v confess_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a agent_n and_o be_v not_o think_v to_o act_v otherwise_o than_o according_a to_o nature_n thus_o when_o a_o spring_n forcible_o bend_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v in_o a_o state_n contrary_n to_o its_o nature_n as_o be_v argue_v from_o its_o incessant_a endeavour_n to_o remove_v the_o compress_a body_n this_o state_n whether_o preternatural_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n shall_v be_v think_v such_o but_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o springy_a body_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o grand_a law_n that_o obtain_v among_o thing_n corporeal_a that_o such_o a_o spring_n shall_v remain_v bend_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o force_n that_o actual_o keep_v it_o so_o as_o that_o it_o shall_v display_v itself_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o less_o or_o incompetent_a degree_n of_o force_n and_o to_o omit_v the_o six_o non-natural_a thing_n so_o much_o speak_v of_o by_o physician_n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o though_o a_o disease_n be_v general_o reckon_v as_o a_o preternatural_a thing_n or_o as_o other_o carry_v the_o notion_n further_o a_o state_n contrary_n to_o nature_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o with_o reference_n to_o what_o customary_o happen_v to_o a_o human_a body_n since_o excessive_o cold_a wind_n and_o immoderate_a rain_n and_o sultry_a air_n and_o other_o usual_a cause_n of_o disease_n be_v as_o natural_a agent_n and_o act_n as_o agreeable_o to_o the_o catholic_n law_n of_o the_o universe_n when_o they_o produce_v disease_n as_o when_o they_o condense_a the_o cloud_n into_o rain_n or_o snow_n blow_v ship_n into_o their_o harbour_n make_v river_n overflow_v ripen_v corn_n and_o fruit_n and_o do_v such_o other_o thing_n whether_o they_o be_v hurtful_a or_o beneficial_a to_o men._n and_o upon_o a_o like_a account_n when_o monster_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a thing_n the_o expression_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o regard_n to_o that_o particular_a species_n of_o body_n from_o which_o the_o monster_n do_v enormous_o deviate_v though_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v that_o deviation_n act_n but_o according_a to_o the_o general_a law_n whereby_o thing_n corporeal_a be_v guide_v 3._o i_o doubt_v whether_o i_o shall_v add_v as_o a_o three_o remark_n or_o as_o somewhat_o that_o be_v referrable_a to_o one_o or_o both_o of_o the_o two_o forego_v that_o sometime_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nature_n perform_v this_o or_o that_o thing_n we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v that_o this_o thing_n be_v a_o effect_n real_o produce_v by_o other_o than_o by_o proper_a physical_a cause_n or_o agent_n but_o in_o such_o expression_n we_o be_v rather_o to_o look_v upon_o nature_n either_o as_o a_o relative_n thing_n or_o as_o a_o term_n employ_v to_o denote_v a_o notional_a thing_n with_o reference_n whereunto_o physical_a cause_n be_v consider_v as_o act_v after_o some_o peculiar_a manner_n whereby_o we_o may_v distinguish_v their_o operation_n from_o those_o that_o be_v produce_v by_o other_o agent_n or_o perhaps_o by_o the_o same_o consider_v as_o act_v in_o another_o way_n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o some_o other_o receive_v expression_n or_o form_n of_o speech_n as_o when_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n have_v say_v that_o thing_n be_v bring_v fatal_o to_o pass_v they_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o fate_n be_v a_o distinct_a and_o separate_a agent_n but_o only_o that_o the_o physical_a cause_n perform_v the_o effect_n as_o in_o their_o act_n they_o have_v a_o necessary_a dependence_n upon_o one_o another_o or_o a_o inviolable_a connexion_n that_o link_v they_o together_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o man_n say_v as_o they_o too_o frequent_o do_v that_o fortune_n or_o chance_n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n distinguish_v they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o former_a what_o unexpected_o happen_v to_o deliberate_v or_o design_v and_o to_o the_o late_a what_o happen_v to_o inanimate_a or_o undesigning_a being_n have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o considerate_a philosopher_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o fortune_n or_o chance_n as_o a_o true_a and_o distinct_a physical_a cause_n but_o as_o a_o notional_a thing_n that_o denote_v that_o the_o proper_a agent_n produce_v the_o effect_n without_o a_o intention_n to_o do_v so_o as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o declare_v in_o the_o four_o section_n one_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v without_o impertinence_n refer_v to_o this_o our_o three_o observation_n that_o many_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v attribute_v to_o time_n as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o time_n ripen_v some_o fruit_n that_o be_v too_o early_o gather_v that_o it_o make_v many_o thing_n moulder_v and_o decay_v tempus_fw-la edax_fw-la rerum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o produce_v great_a alteration_n both_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o man_n and_o in_o their_o disposition_n and_o their_o body_n to_o omit_v many_o other_o vulgar_a expression_n which_o represent_v time_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o real_o it_o be_v but_o a_o adjunct_n or_o a_o concomitant_a of_o the_o effect_n however_o coincident_a with_o the_o successive_a part_n of_o time_n and_o so_o some_o way_n relate_v to_o it_o be_v indeed_o produce_v by_o other_o agent_n that_o be_v their_o true_a and_o proper_a efficient_n sometime_o likewise_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nature_n do_v this_o or_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o distinct_a or_o separate_a be_v but_o on_o such_o occasion_n the_o word_n nature_n be_v to_o be_v concei●●d_v to_o signify_v a_o complex_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o essential_a property_n or_o necessary_a quality_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o body_n of_o that_o species_n whereof_o the_o real_a agent_n be_v or_o to_o more_o body_n respective_o if_o more_o must_v concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n to_o this_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o expound_v many_o of_o those_o form_n of_o speech_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v when_o physician_n or_o other_o speak_v of_o what_o nature_n do_v in_o reference_n to_o disease_n or_o the_o cure_n of_o they_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a sense_n to_o such_o expression_n i_o consider_v nature_n not_o as_o a_o principal_a and_o distinct_a agent_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o compound_v accident_n that_o be_v as_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o or_o result_v from_o the_o divers_a property_n and_o quality_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o true_a agent_n and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o compound_v accident_n may_v not_o be_v startle_v at_o i_o shall_v to_o explain_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o it_o observe_z that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o quality_n or_o accident_n that_o at_o least_o in_o comparison_n of_o other_o may_v be_v call_v simple_a as_o roundness_n straightness_n heat_n gravi●●_n etc._n etc._n so_o there_o be_v other_o that_o may_v be_v conceive_v as_o compound_v or_o make_v up_o of_o several_a quality_n unite_v in_o one_o subject_a as_o in_o divers_a pigment_n greenness_n be_v make_v up_o of_o blue_n and_o yellow_a exquisite_o mix_v beauty_n be_v make_v up_o of_o fit_a colour_n take_v feature_n just_a stature_n fine_a shape_n graceful_a motion_n and_o some_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o human_a body_n and_o its_o part_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o compound_v accident_n
touch_v upon_o the_o contrary_a pole_n of_o the_o same_o or_o another_o vigorous_a loadstone_n the_o lily_n will_v present_o forget_v its_o former_a inclination_n and_o regard_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o heaven_n to_o which_o position_n it_o will_v as_o it_o be_v spontaneous_o return_v have_v be_v force_v aside_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o towards_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v again_o leave_v to_o its_o liberty_n so_o that_o though_o it_o former_o seem_v so_o much_o to_o affect_v one_o point_n of_o heaven_n yet_o it_o may_v in_o a_o trice_n be_v bring_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a propensity_n for_o the_o opposite_a the_o lily_n have_v indeed_o no_o inclination_n for_o one_o point_v of_o heaven_n more_o than_o another_o but_o rest_v in_o that_o position_n to_o which_o it_o be_v last_o determine_v by_o the_o prevalence_n of_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o this_o example_n may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v what_o we_o have_v be_v late_o say_v in_o general_n ii_o another_o receive_a axiom_n concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o never_o fail_v or_o miss_v of_o her_o end_n natura_fw-la sine_fw-la svo_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excidit_fw-la this_o be_v a_o proposition_n who_o ambiguity_n make_v it_o uneasy_a for_o i_o to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n of_o it._n but_o yet_o to_o say_v somewhat_o if_o by_o nature_n we_o here_o understand_v that_o be_v that_o the_o schoolman_n style_n natura_fw-la naturans_fw-la i_o grant_v or_o rather_o assert_v that_o nature_n never_o miss_v its_o end_n for_o the_o omniscient_a and_o almighty_a author_n of_o thing_n have_v once_o frame_v the_o word_n and_o establish_v in_o it_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n which_o he_o constant_o maintain_v there_o can_v no_o irregularity_n or_o anomaly_n happen_v especial_o among_o the_o great_a mundane_a body_n that_o he_o do_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n foresee_v and_o think_v fit_a to_o permit_v since_o they_o be_v but_o genuine_a consequence_n of_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n that_o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o most_o wise_o institute_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v in_o instance_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o which_o i_o can_v add_v other_o as_o the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n so_o necessary_a to_o the_o health_n and_o plenty_n of_o egypt_n and_o though_o on_o some_o special_a occasion_n this_o institute_v order_n either_o seem_o or_o real_o have_v be_v violate_v as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v stand_v still_o in_o the_o day_n of_o joshua_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o have_v divide_v itself_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o israelite_n lead_v by_o moses_n yet_o these_o thing_n have_v be_v rare_o do_v for_o weighty_a end_n and_o purpose_n by_o the_o peculiar_a intervention_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n either_o guide_n or_o overrule_a the_o propensity_n and_o motion_n of_o secundary_a agent_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o god_n be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o end_n by_o these_o design_v though_o seem_v exorbitance_n by_o which_o he_o most_o wise_o and_o effectual_o accomplish_v them_o but_o if_o by_o nature_n be_v mean_v such_o a_o subordinate_a principle_n as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o understand_v by_o that_o name_n i_o doubt_v the_o axiom_n be_v in_o many_o case_n false_a for_o though_o it_o it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v that_o the_o material_a world_n be_v so_o constitute_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thing_n be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o corporeal_a agent_n as_o regular_o as_o if_o they_o design_v the_o effect_n they_o produce_v yet_o there_o be_v several_a case_n wherein_o thing_n happen_v quite_o otherwise_o thus_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o when_o a_o woman_n be_v with_o child_n the_o aim_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o produce_v a_o perfect_a or_o genuine_a human_a foetus_fw-la and_o yet_o we_o often_o see_v that_o nature_n wide_o miss_v her_o mark_n instead_o of_o that_o produce_v a_o monster_n and_o of_o this_o we_o have_v such_o frequent_a instance_n that_o whole_a volume_n have_v be_v publish_v to_o recount_v and_o describe_v these_o gross_a and_o deform_v aberration_n of_o nature_n we_o many_o time_n see_v and_o have_v former_o note_v that_o in_o fever_n and_o other_o acute_a disease_n she_o make_v critical_a attempt_n upon_o improper_a day_n and_o in_o these_o unseasonable_a attempt_n do_v not_o only_o for_o the_o most_o part_n miss_v of_o her_o end_n which_o be_v to_o cure_v the_o patient_n but_o often_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n than_o he_o be_v in_o before_o she_o use_v those_o miscarry_v endeavour_n to_o this_o may_n may_v be_v refer_v the_o cheat_n man_n put_v upon_o nature_n as_o when_o by_o graft_v the_o sap_n that_o nature_n raise_v with_o intention_n to_o feed_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o white_a thorn_n for_o instance_n be_v by_o the_o gardener_n bring_v to_o nourish_v a_o fruit_n of_o quite_o another_o kind_a so_o when_o maulster_n make_v barley_n to_o sprout_v that_o germination_n whereby_o nature_n intend_v to_o produce_v stalk_n and_o ear_n be_v pervert_v to_o a_o far_o differ_v purpose_n and_o she_o delude_v and_o now_o to_o annex_v some_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la we_o be_v tell_v that_o nature_n make_v every_o agent_n aim_n at_o assimulate_v the_o patient_n to_o itself_o and_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n the_o fire_n aim_v at_o convert_v wood_n and_o the_o other_o body_n it_o work_v on_o into_o fire_n but_o if_o this_o be_v so_o nature_n must_v often_o miss_v of_o her_o end_n in_o chemical_a furnace_n where_o the_o flame_n do_v never_o turn_v the_o brick_n that_o it_o make_v red-hot_a into_o fire_n nor_o the_o crucible_n nor_o the_o cuple_n nor_o yet_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o it_o thorough_o pervade_v and_o bring_v to_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n the_o same_o or_o very_o near_o the_o same_o with_o its_o own_o and_o keep_v in_o a_o very_a intense_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o in_o actual_a fusion_n and_o even_o when_o fire_n act_v upon_o wood_n there_o be_v but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o turn_v into_o fire_n since_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o soot_n and_o concrete_v smoke_n the_o ash_n remain_v fix_v and_o incombustible_a and_o so_o to_o add_v another_o instance_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la when_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o nature_n make_v water_n ascend_v in_o sucking-pump_n ob_fw-la fugam_fw-la vacui_fw-la she_o must_v needs_o as_o i_o former_o note_v to_o another_o purpose_n miss_v of_o her_o aim_n when_o the_o pump_n exceed_v five_o and_o thirty_o or_o forty_o foot_n in_o height_n for_o then_o though_o you_o pump_n never_o so_o much_o and_o withdraw_v the_o air_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o engine_n the_o water_n will_v not_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o consequent_o will_v leave_v a_o cavity_n for_o whole_a replenish_n she_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v raise_v that_o liquor_n two_o or_o three_o and_o thirty_o foot_n iii_o another_o of_o the_o celebrate_a axiom_n concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o always_o act_v by_o the_o short_a or_o most_o 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than_o the_o short_a way_n that_o lead_v to_o particular_a end_n if_o those_o other_o way_n be_v more_o congruous_a to_o the_o general_a law_n or_o custom_n establish_v among_o thing_n corporeal_a this_o i_o prove_v by_o instance_n take_v from_o gravity_n itself_o which_o be_v perhaps_o that_o quality_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o probable_o refer_v to_o a_o inbred_a power_n and_o propension_n for_o it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o a_o stone_n or_o another_o heavy_a body_n be_v let_v fall_v into_o the_o free_a air_n it_o will_v take_v its_o course_n direct_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o incline_a plane_n which_o put_v it_o out_o of_o its_o way_n it_o will_v not_o for_o all_o that_o loss_n its_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n but_o run_v along_o that_o plane_n by_o which_o mean_v its_o tendency_n downward_o
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i_o hold_v the_o proper_a pole_n of_o a_o good_a loadstone_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o lily_n this_o will_v be_v draw_v aside_o from_o the_o north_n point_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o west_n as_o i_o please_v and_o then_o the_o loadstone_n be_v remove_v quite_o away_o the_o lily_n of_o the_o needle_n will_v indeed_o return_v northward_o but_o will_v not_o stop_v in_o the_o magnetic_a meridian_n but_o pass_v on_o divers_a degree_n beyond_o it_o and_o will_v thence_o return_v without_o stop_v at_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o so_o will_v by_o its_o vibration_n describe_v many_o arch_n still_o short_a and_o short_a till_o at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o settle_v on_o it_o and_o recover_v that_o position_n which_o if_o nature_n always_o act_v by_o the_o most_o compendious_a way_n it_o shall_v have_v rest_v at_o the_o first_o time_n that_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o loadstone_n it_o have_v regain_v it_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v 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only_o regain_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n where_o by_o the_o law_n of_o gravity_n it_o ought_v to_o rest_v and_o do_v rest_n before_o it_o be_v force_v down_o but_o it_o will_v pass_v far_o beyond_o that_o surface_n and_o in_o part_n as_o it_o be_v shoot_v itself_o up_o into_o the_o incumbent_a air_n and_o then_o fall_v down_o again_o and_o rise_v a_o second_o time_n and_o perhaps_o much_o often_o and_o fall_v again_o before_o it_o come_v to_o settle_v in_o its_o due_a place_n in_o which_o it_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o water_n that_o endeavour_n to_o press_v it_o upward_o another_o of_o the_o sentence_n that_o be_v general_o receive_v concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o always_o do_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v natura_fw-la semper_fw-la quod_fw-la optimum_fw-la est_fw-la facit_fw-la 22._o but_o of_o this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v safe_a for_o i_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n till_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o remove_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o 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