be_v fain_o to_o make_v the_o best_a shift_n he_o can_v which_o be_v a_o very_a bad_a one_o and_o still_o the_o worse_o by_o his_o management_n but_o so_o far_o be_v the_o theorist_n mistake_v in_o this_o point_n that_o suppose_v the_o great_a agitation_n of_o the_o vapour_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o true_a course_n will_v be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o assert_n namely_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o not_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o they_o will_v be_v carry_v that_o way_n by_o a_o wind_n which_o will_v continual_o blow_v from_o east_n to_o west_n this_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v demonstrative_o thus_o since_o therefore_o this_o be_v clear_o agreeable_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o observation_n there_o be_v no_o further_a doubt_n to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o the_o wind_n therefore_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n blow_v continual_o from_o east_n to_o west_n must_v of_o necessity_n carry_v with_o it_o all_o those_o body_n which_o swim_v in_o it_o and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o density_n with_o itself_o all_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n therefore_o that_o can_v be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o abyss_n or_o earth_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o they_o swim_v in_o a_o air_n of_o the_o same_o density_n with_o themselves_o must_v be_v carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v always_o direct_v that_o way_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_a even_o to_o the_o theorist_n himself_o though_o man_n be_v seldom_o convince_v of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o their_o own_o notion_n that_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n can_v never_o have_v reach_v either_o of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o most_o part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v still_o have_v be_v without_o water_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o supply_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la chap._n vi_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o theorist_n as_o he_o think_v have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o water_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n do_v now_o enter_v upon_o the_o solution_n of_o another_o great_a difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o show_v how_o in_o a_o smooth_a and_o regular_a earth_n the_o water_n can_v run_v and_o what_o way_n they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n after_o their_o arrival_n at_o the_o pole_n in_o vapour_n for_o since_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n nor_o mountain_n nor_o high_a land_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n the_o vapour_n fall_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o towards_o the_o pole_n there_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v stand_v in_o lake_n and_o pool_n have_v no_o descent_n one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o the_o theorist_n therefore_o to_o take_v off_o the_o objection_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n not_o to_o be_v of_o a_o exact_a spherical_a but_o a_o oval_a figure_n in_o which_o he_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o polar_a part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o aequinoctial_a that_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o figure_n and_o this_o he_o tell_v we_o will_v do_v the_o business_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o vapour_n which_o fall_v at_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v a_o continual_a descent_n towards_o the_o middle_a part_n thereof_o and_o by_o consequence_n it_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a descent_n for_o the_o run_n of_o rivers_n now_o i_o will_v ready_o grant_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o spherical_a but_o spheroidical_a but_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o oblong_a spheroid_fw-fr and_o not_o a_o broad_a one_o for_o it_o may_v be_v of_o a_o spheroidical_a figure_n though_o the_o axis_n of_o it_o be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o its_o equator_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o vapour_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o the_o theorist_n give_v we_o a_o account_n how_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v form_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o oblong_a spheroid_fw-fr it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o fluid_v a_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creation_n and_o stand_v immovable_a without_o turn_v round_o its_o own_o axis_n it_o will_v certain_o settle_v itself_o into_o a_o spherical_a figure_n but_o because_o it_o turn_v very_o swift_o round_o its_o axis_n the_o fluid_a by_o that_o agitation_n will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o its_o centre_n of_o motion_n and_o form_n itself_o into_o a_o figure_n very_o near_o oval_a as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o lake_n when_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n upon_o the_o land_n the_o wave_n extend_v themselves_o in_o length_n so_o in_o our_o watery_a globe_n which_o be_v turn_v about_o its_o own_o axis_n the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o water_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v much_o more_o agitate_a than_o that_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n where_o the_o fluid_a in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n describe_v lesser_a circle_n it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o because_o it_o can_v get_v quite_o off_o and_o fly_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o every_o way_n press_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o straitness_n of_o its_o orb_n in_o these_o place_n neither_o can_v it_o flow_v back_o without_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o same_o air_n it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o free_v itself_o than_o by_o flow_v towards_o the_o side_n for_o water_n which_o be_v hinder_v in_o their_o motion_n will_v take_v the_o easy_a course_n they_o can_v have_v now_o from_o this_o detrusion_n of_o the_o water_n towards_o the_o side_n the_o part_n towards_o the_o pole_n must_v come_v to_o be_v much_o increase_v and_o those_o towards_o the_o equator_fw-la discharge_v of_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v lie_v upon_o they_o and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v of_o a_o oblong_a or_o a_o oval_a figure_n i_o come_v now_o to_o examine_v the_o theorist_n reason_n by_o which_o he_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v of_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a figure_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o fluid_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v much_o more_o agitate_a than_o that_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n which_o describe_v in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n lesser_a arch_n and_o because_o it_o can_v quite_o get_v off_o and_o fly_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o every_o way_n press_v upon_o it_o it_o can_v no_o other_o way_n free_v itself_o than_o by_o flow_v towards_o the_o side_n and_o consequent_o form_v the_o earth_n into_o a_o oval_a figure_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v observe_v how_o excellent_a the_o theorist_n be_v at_o draw_v conclusion_n i_o will_v put_v this_o reason_n in_o other_o word_n thus_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o orb_n they_o can_v recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v move_v towards_o the_o pole_n where_o they_o will_v come_v near_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n as_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o body_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o its_o motion_n but_o because_o it_o can_v quite_o fly_v off_o and_o get_v away_o therefore_o it_o will_v move_v towards_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v it_o will_v come_v near_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o its_o motion_n than_o if_o it_o have_v stay_v at_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o part_n have_v endeavour_v to_o give_v we_o a_o proof_n of_o his_o great_a skill_n in_o logick_n for_o he_o from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n have_v endeavour_v direct_o to_o prove_v its_o contradictory_n that_o be_v because_o all_o body_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o go_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o i_o will_v now_o examine_v his_o argument_n more_o particular_o and_o first_o i_o will_v grant_v to_o the_o theorist_n that_o all_o body_n turn_v round_o about_o any_o centre_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o fly_v off_o in_o the_o tangent_fw-la for_o this_o be_v both_o evident_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n but_o since_o the_o air_n do_v always_o move_v round_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o
stand_v so_o well_o confirm_v by_o real_a miracle_n that_o we_o be_v neither_o to_o make_v nor_o admit_v of_o any_o false_a one_o yet_o certain_o we_o be_v not_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o true_a one_o by_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v they_o from_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n when_o they_o be_v no_o way_n explicable_a by_o they_o it_o be_v therefore_o both_o the_o easy_a and_o safe_a way_n to_o refer_v the_o wonderful_a destruction_n of_o the_o old_a world_n to_o the_o omnipotent_a hand_n of_o god_n who_o can_v do_v whatsoever_o he_o please_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o chaos_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v from_o a_o chaos_n must_v be_v unquestionable_o own_a by_o all_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a description_n of_o that_o chaos_n from_o which_o the_o world_n arise_v from_o it_o therefore_o the_o theorist_n begin_v to_o frame_v his_o antediluvian_n earth_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n he_o suppose_v the_o chaos_n to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o heaven_n without_o form_n or_o regularity_n reduce_v into_o a_o fluid_a mass_n wherein_o be_v the_o material_n and_o ingredient_n of_o all_o body_n mingle_v in_o confusion_n one_o with_o another_o without_o any_o order_n of_o high_a or_o low_o heavy_a or_o light_a solid_a or_o volatile_a the_o first_o change_n he_o imagine_v that_o do_v happen_v to_o this_o mass_n be_v that_o the_o heavy_a and_o gross_a part_n sink_v down_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o for_o there_o he_o suppose_v the_o centre_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o constitute_v the_o hard_a and_o solid_a interior_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n which_o swim_v above_o be_v also_o divide_v by_o the_o same_o principle_n of_o gravity_n into_o two_o order_n of_o body_n the_o one_o liquid_a like_o water_n the_o other_o volatile_a like_o air_n for_o the_o fine_a and_o active_a part_n disintangle_v themselves_o by_o degree_n from_o the_o rest_n do_v mount_v above_o they_o and_o have_v motion_n enough_o to_o keep_v themselves_o upon_o the_o wing_n do_v play_v in_o these_o open_a place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o constitute_v that_o body_n we_o call_v air_n the_o other_o part_n be_v grosser_n than_o these_o settle_v in_o a_o mass_n together_o under_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v not_o only_a water_n strict_o so_o call_v but_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquor_n or_o liquid_a body_n belong_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n one_o of_o which_o be_v fat_a oily_a and_o light_a and_o the_o other_o lean_a and_o more_o earthy_a like_o common_a water_n now_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o two_o liquor_n mix_v together_o if_o leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o the_o general_a action_n of_o nature_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o as_o in_o cream_n and_o thin_a milk_n oil_n and_o water_n and_o such_o like_a so_o we_o can_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v here_o and_o the_o more_o oily_a and_o light_a part_n of_o this_o mass_n will_v get_v above_o the_o other_o and_o swim_v upon_o it_o thus_o will_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquid_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lesser_a mass_n now_o if_o we_o look_v over_o again_o these_o two_o great_a mass_n of_o air_n and_o water_n we_o can_v but_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v both_o at_o first_o very_o muddy_a and_o impure_a for_o the_o air_n be_v yet_o thick_a gross_a and_o dark_a there_o be_v abundance_n of_o terrestrial_a particle_n swim_v in_o it_o still_o after_o the_o gross_a be_v sink_v down_o and_o the_o lesser_a and_o light_a which_o remain_v in_o the_o air_n do_v sink_v too_o but_o more_o slow_o so_o that_o in_o their_o descent_n they_o do_v meet_v with_o the_o oily_a liquor_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o do_v entangle_v and_o stop_v they_o from_o pass_v any_o further_a so_o as_o mix_v there_o with_o that_o unctuous_a substance_n they_o do_v compose_v a_o certain_a slime_n or_o fat_a soft_a earth_n spread_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o thin_a and_o tender_a orb_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o little_a earthy_a particle_n detain_v in_o the_o air_n can_v make_v their_o way_n to_o it_o and_o mingle_v with_o that_o oily_a liquor_n till_o at_o length_n they_o suck_v it_o all_o up_o and_o be_v whole_o incorporate_v together_o which_o be_v the_o first_o concretion_n and_o firm_a consistent_a substance_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o chaos_n after_o this_o fashion_n have_v the_o theorist_n form_v his_o antediluvian_n habitable_a world_n which_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o cartesian_a method_n of_o make_v the_o earth_n only_o des_n cartes_n be_v somewhat_o wise_a than_o the_o theorist_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o outward_a crust_n within_o who_o bowel_n the_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o be_v a_o habitable_a earth_n know_v well_o that_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n can_v live_v long_o without_o water_n but_o he_o make_v the_o crust_n first_o break_v and_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o before_o he_o place_v any_o inhabitant_n on_o it_o another_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o mons._n des_n cartes_n never_o think_v of_o make_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o oily_a liquid_n which_o the_o theorist_n assert_n to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a towards_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o crust_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o say_v he_o for_o the_o oily_a liquor_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n the_o particle_n of_o earth_n which_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v never_o form_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o earth_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v evident_a though_o neither_o of_o their_o system_n be_v true_a that_o the_o therorist_n hypothesis_n be_v the_o worst_a of_o the_o two_o which_o i_o will_v prove_v from_o his_o own_o concession_n for_o he_o have_v already_o own_a that_o the_o oily_a liquor_n be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o watery_a orb._n he_o have_v mention_v also_o that_o the_o terrestrial_a particle_n when_o fall_v from_o the_o air_n if_o the_o orb_n be_v only_a water_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o those_o particle_n must_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n from_o thence_o i_o think_v it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o these_o terrestrial_a particle_n must_v also_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o oily_a fluid_n which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v more_o easy_o descend_v through_o it_o than_o they_o do_v through_o water_n it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n which_o will_v swim_v in_o water_n but_o sink_v in_o oil_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v deceive_v the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n be_v that_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o small_a dust_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o oil_n yet_o be_v throw_v upon_o it_o it_o do_v not_o sink_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o if_o cast_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n will_v not_o descend_v but_o form_n a_o solid_a concrete_a substance_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n but_o this_o consequence_n will_v soon_o appear_v to_o be_v false_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o some_o body_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o be_v put_v do_v not_o sink_v but_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o liquid_a in_o nature_n which_o be_v absolute_o fluid_a and_o who_o part_n do_v not_o resist_v separation_n one_o from_o another_o and_o therefore_o will_v somewhat_o hinder_v or_o retard_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n through_o they_o now_o this_o resistance_n all_o other_o thing_n be_v alike_o be_v always_o proportional_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o body_n descend_v so_o that_o small_a body_n who_o weight_n or_o force_n to_o move_v or_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a be_v but_o very_o little_a may_v have_v a_o surface_n so_o large_a that_o they_o can_v overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o fluid_a that_o be_v they_o can_v make_v way_n for_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o fluid_a and_o therefore_o must_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o but_o the_o surface_v of_o body_n not_o increase_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n with_o their_o solidity_n or_o weight_n small_a body_n will_n have_v a_o great_a resistance_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o weight_n than_o great_a one_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v which_o mr._n whiston_n calculate_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o descend_v eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o eight_o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n by_o such_o a_o resistance_n and_o fall_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o vapour_n fall_v they_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o air_n by_o which_o their_o part_n will_v be_v press_v close_o together_o and_o as_o their_o velocity_n increase_v so_o will_v the_o resistance_n and_o their_o density_n till_o at_o last_o their_o part_n come_v to_o be_v as_o close_o unite_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o then_o they_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n when_o it_o rain_v for_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o rain_n drop_v have_v the_o same_o form_n and_o density_n in_o the_o cloud_n with_o which_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o ground_n for_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o air_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a into_o vapour_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o observation_n on_o the_o barescope_n that_o whenever_o the_o vapour_n begin_v to_o descend_v the_o air_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v before_o it_o therefore_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v they_o they_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o their_o way_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a resistance_n and_o check_v from_o the_o air_n and_o so_o must_v necessary_o be_v condense_v and_o fall_v in_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v always_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o body_n move_v through_o it_o and_o because_o the_o velocity_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n some_o thousand_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o common_a vapour_n or_o rain_n descend_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n meet_v with_o be_v some_o million_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o condense_a it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o all_o such_o vapour_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v be_v of_o necessity_n condense_v into_o water_n long_o before_o they_o ever_o touch_v the_o earth_n see_v then_o they_o descend_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n that_o can_v immediate_o raise_v and_o mount_v they_o up_o again_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o be_v great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v never_o rise_v up_o again_o to_o produce_v the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o scripture_n mr._n whiston_n have_v as_o he_o imagine_v explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o show_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o become_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o comet_n which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a weight_n will_v press_v the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v it_o deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n by_o this_o pressure_n the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v force_v upward_o through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v new_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v this_o method_n of_o operation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o marble_n cylinder_n exact_o fit_v to_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v just_o ascend_v or_o descend_v free_o within_o it_o he_o suppose_v the_o stone_n cylinder_n to_o have_v hole_n bore_v in_o it_o quite_o through_o parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o let_v down_o in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n which_o be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o water_n then_o if_o each_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o some_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o water_n he_o say_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n press_v on_o the_o water_n will_v squeeze_v the_o oil_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n and_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o some_o violence_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o just_a representation_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a case_n wherein_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n can_v sink_v the_o crust_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o be_v if_o the_o water_n which_o lay_v on_o the_o surface_n can_v not_o descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v yet_o if_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o they_o do_v not_o i_o can_v evident_o prove_v by_o calculation_n that_o such_o a_o pressure_n can_v never_o raise_v the_o abyss_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o i_o assume_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o have_v be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n though_o doubtless_o this_o be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v and_o because_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o column_n of_o which_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v be_v about_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o common_a water_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o water_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o its_o height_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o or_o press_v the_o crust_n as_o much_o downward_o as_o the_o whole_a column_n of_o water_n can_v do_v but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n the_o height_n of_o the_o additional_a column_n that_o weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o water_n must_v be_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o crust_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n before_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o be_v to_o its_o thickness_n after_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o as_o 40_o be_v to_o 41._o the_o whole_a problem_n than_o be_v plain_o reduce_v to_o this_o have_v two_o cylinder_n or_o column_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n but_o of_o different_a height_n that_o swim_v in_o any_o fluid_fw-la to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o part_n or_o height_n immerge_v bear_v to_o one_o another_o by_o a_o know_a proposition_n in_o hydrostaticks_n the_o part_n immerge_v of_o each_o cylinder_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n that_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n bear_n to_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o part_n immerge_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o their_o respective_a whole_a cylinder_n have_v to_o one_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a case_n be_v as_o forty_o to_o forty_o one_o by_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v not_o sink_v the_o crust_n above_o one_o forty_o part_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o rise_v by_o such_o a_o pressure_n so_o high_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n on_o the_o crust_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o press_v the_o abyss_n upward_o and_o the_o water_n in_o it_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n have_v ascend_v to_o the_o surface_n there_o must_v be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o by_o this_o communication_n the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n must_v necessary_o descend_v and_o lie_v immediate_o on_o
elegant_a description_n the_o author_n give_v the_o subject_n he_o treat_v of_o show_n that_o he_o have_v a_o great_a command_n of_o language_n his_o rhetorical_a expression_n may_v easy_o captivate_v any_o incautious_a reader_n and_o make_v he_o swallow_v down_o for_o truth_n what_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o author_n himself_o from_o the_o sacred_a character_n he_o bear_v design_v only_o for_o a_o philosophical_a romance_n see_v that_o a_o ordinary_a examination_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n can_v but_o show_v that_o he_o have_v act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o orator_n much_o better_a than_o he_o have_v do_v that_o of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o in_o reality_n none_o of_o these_o wonderful_a effect_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v can_v have_v proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v and_o to_o demonstrate_v this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n in_o which_o i_o will_v not_o inquire_v how_o far_o the_o theory_n be_v agreeable_a to_o holy_a scripture_n that_o be_v a_o work_n already_o do_v by_o other_o who_o i_o presume_v understand_v that_o subject_a better_o than_o i_o do_v neither_o will_v i_o confine_v myself_o to_o follow_v the_o author_n from_o chapter_n to_o chapter_n and_o find_v fault_n with_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o theory_n lest_o it_o shall_v look_v more_o like_a spitefulness_n and_o ill_a nature_n than_o a_o diligent_a search_n after_o truth_n my_o design_n therefore_o be_v to_o choose_v out_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o the_o theory_n and_o have_v show_v they_o to_o be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n the_o rest_n must_v all_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n of_o course_n chap._n i._n a_o examination_n of_o the_o theorist_n general_a argument_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n the_o theorist_n make_v way_n for_o a_o argument_n which_o he_o allege_v in_o his_o seven_o to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n viz._n that_o all_o other_o way_n for_o the_o explication_n of_o noah_n flood_n be_v false_a and_o impossible_a and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v the_o only_a possible_a and_o consistent_a idea_n of_o a_o universal_a flood_n and_o therefore_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o way_n he_o have_v assign_v and_o no_o other_o this_o argument_n we_o see_v be_v found_v upon_o two_o proposition_n 1_o sy_n that_o no_o other_o way_n be_v possible_a and_o 2_o dly_a that_o his_o own_o theory_n be_v a_o intelligible_a and_o consistent_a explication_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o last_o proposition_n i_o intend_v to_o examine_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o the_o first_o in_o this_o the_o theorist_n to_o prove_v all_o the_o common_a way_n of_o explicate_v the_o universal_a deluge_n false_a and_o impossible_a calculate_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o find_v that_o no_o less_o than_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o work_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o such_o a_o stock_n of_o water_n can_v neither_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n the_o rain_n or_o subterraneous_a cavern_n &_o channel_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o such_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o nature_n as_o will_v be_v requisite_a for_o such_o a_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n from_o these_o cause_n be_v impossible_a neither_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o supercelestial_a water_n to_o make_v up_o the_o eight_o ocean_n necessary_a for_o the_o deluge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o water_n the_o heaven_n above_o where_o they_o lay_v must_v be_v either_o solid_a or_o fluid_a if_o solid_a as_o glass_n or_o crystal_n how_o can_v the_o water_n get_v through_o they_o to_o descend_v upon_o the_o earth_n if_o fluid_a as_o the_o air_n or_o aether_n how_o can_v the_o water_n rest_n upon_o they_o it_o be_v heavy_a than_o air_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o water_n be_v bring_v down_o from_o this_o imaginary_a region_n to_o drown_v the_o world_n in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n that_o will_v be_v necessary_a what_o become_v of_o they_o when_o the_o deluge_n cease_v it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o lift_v seven_o or_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n up_o among_o the_o sphere_n and_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o they_o here_o below_o thus_o the_o theorist_n think_v that_o the_o vulgar_a make_v the_o deluge_n impossible_a and_o unintelligible_a upon_o a_o double_a account_n both_o in_o require_v more_o water_n than_o can_v be_v find_v and_o more_o if_o find_v than_o can_v be_v dispose_v of_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o theorist_n argument_n why_o all_o other_o method_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v false_a and_o impossible_a which_o i_o have_v here_o relate_v because_o i_o think_v it_o a_o evident_a demonstration_n of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n whatsoever_o even_o his_o own_v not_o except_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o nature_n not_o assist_v with_o extraordinary_a divine_a power_n to_o bring_v so_o much_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o it_o be_v once_o bring_v it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o move_v it_o but_o all_o this_o do_v no_o way_n prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n may_v not_o have_v be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o almighty_a power_n of_o god_n can_v he_o bring_v out_o the_o water_n from_o the_o deep_a or_o the_o abyss_n as_o from_o a_o storehouse_n and_o sustain_v they_o from_o run_v down_o again_o with_o the_o same_o ease_n he_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n stand_v on_o a_o heap_n while_o the_o israelite_n pass_v through_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n too_o hard_o for_o the_o almighty_a to_o perform_v may_v not_o he_o if_o there_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n bring_v water_n on_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o heaven_n above_o which_o may_v have_v be_v there_o from_o the_o creation_n notwithstanding_o the_o theorist_n question_n how_o can_v they_o rest_v there_o since_o the_o same_o power_n may_v keep_v they_o in_o their_o place_n that_o detain_v the_o moon_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o planet_n in_o their_o orbit_n and_o perhaps_o from_o some_o of_o these_o or_o from_o other_o place_n best_o know_v to_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n some_o of_o this_o water_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o remove_v by_o the_o omnipotent_a hand_n of_o god_n who_o only_o work_v great_a wonder_n be_v not_o this_o a_o much_o easy_a and_o short_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n than_o the_o theorist_n which_o be_v build_v upon_o false_a and_o precarious_a principle_n inconsequential_a conclusion_n which_o after_o all_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v the_o desire_a effect_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o theorist_n be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o god_n almighty_n have_v any_o hand_n in_o that_o great_a catastrophe_n of_o the_o world_n though_o it_o be_v plain_o tell_v we_o in_o scripture_n that_o he_o be_v the_o immediate_a author_n thereof_o gen._n 6.17_o behold_v say_v god_n i_o even_o i_o do_v bring_v a_o flood_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o universal_a deluge_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v miraculous_a as_o well_o as_o the_o destruction_n of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n be_v by_o rain_v of_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n since_o they_o be_v both_o send_v as_o punishment_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n neither_o of_o which_o without_o doubt_n have_v ever_o happen_v if_o man_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocence_n the_o scripture_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o several_a miracle_n wrought_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o omnipotence_n upon_o occasion_n which_o do_v not_o so_o necessary_o require_v they_o why_o ought_v we_o then_o to_o deny_v this_o universal_a destruction_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v miraculous_a miracle_n be_v the_o great_a &_o wonderful_a work_n of_o god_n by_o which_o he_o show_v his_o dominion_n and_o power_n and_o that_o his_o kingdom_n reach_v over_o all_o even_o nature_n herself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o confine_v himself_o to_o the_o ordinary_a method_n of_o act_v but_o can_v alter_v they_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n be_v not_o they_o give_v we_o to_o convince_v we_o of_o the_o sacred_a truth_n contain_v in_o holy_a scripture_n be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o demonstrative_a force_n of_o miracle_n that_o moses_n and_o the_o apostle_n prove_v their_o divine_a mission_n beyond_o all_o that_o other_o framer_n of_o religion_n can_v pretend_v to_o and_o though_o our_o holy_a faith_n
still_o there_o remain_v the_o final_a cause_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o which_o will_v do_v as_o well_o for_o our_o purpose_n for_o if_o i_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v as_o useful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o they_o be_v now_o to_o we_o and_o that_o in_o our_o present_a state_n they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a not_o only_o for_o our_o well_o be_v but_o also_o for_o our_o bare_a subsistence_n i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v demonstrative_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o in_o we_o and_o therefore_o the_o groundless_a assertion_n of_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a be_v as_o false_a as_o it_o be_v bold_a and_o dare_a i_o know_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o this_o age_n who_o have_v exclude_v all_o final_a cause_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o philosopher_n as_o be_v unworthy_a of_o his_o enquiry_n suppose_v his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v himself_o with_o the_o design_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n make_v any_o thing_n but_o indeed_o these_o man_n have_v be_v so_o unhappy_a in_o their_o search_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o discover_v the_o true_a real_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v not_o know_v and_o better_o explain_v before_o though_o they_o have_v pretend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o essence_n and_o formal_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o universe_n be_v form_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n but_o whatever_o they_o pretend_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o final_a cause_n be_v worthy_a of_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o man_n and_o much_o more_o of_o a_o philosopher_n by_o they_o we_o be_v lead_v into_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o discover_v his_o care_n and_o providence_n over_o the_o world_n by_o they_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v make_v by_o chance_n but_o it_o must_v be_v a_o be_v of_o infinite_a wisdom_n that_o form_v it_o for_o such_o various_a use_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o by_o all_o wise_a and_o consider_a man_n they_o be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v value_v than_o efficient_a cause_n if_o they_o can_v be_v discover_v which_o only_o tell_v we_o how_o the_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o not_o the_o use_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n but_o from_o the_o admirable_a contrivance_n of_o those_o thing_n the_o use_n of_o which_o we_o do_v know_v and_o from_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o conclude_v that_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n have_v its_o use_n and_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o concern_v the_o usefulness_n of_o final_a cause_n may_v consult_v mr._n boyle_n of_o final_a cause_n mr._n ray_n wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o some_o late_a ingenious_a essay_n upon_o the_o nature_n and_o evidence_n of_o faith_n by_o dr._n cockburn_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o a_o strange_a and_o presume_a boldness_n in_o the_o theorist_n to_o assert_v that_o mountain_n be_v place_v in_o no_o order_n one_o with_o another_o that_o can_v either_o respect_n use_n or_o beauty_n and_o that_o if_o they_o be_v single_o consider_v they_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o proportion_n of_o part_n that_o be_v referable_a to_o any_o design_n or_o have_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o art_n or_o counsel_n notwithstanding_o this_o strange_a assertion_n i_o be_o sure_a if_o we_o be_v without_o these_o shapeless_a and_o ill_o figure_v old_a rock_n and_o mountain_n as_o he_o call_v they_o we_o shall_v soon_o find_v the_o want_n of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v or_o live_v without_o they_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o use_n they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o production_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o metal_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complete_a whole_a and_o the_o food_n which_o they_o yield_v to_o several_a animal_n which_o be_v design_v by_o nature_n to_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o high_a hill_n be_v a_o refuge_n for_o the_o wild_a goat_n and_o the_o rock_n for_o the_o coney_n and_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o end_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o direct_v the_o inland_a wind_n and_o alter_v the_o weather_n in_o fence_v and_o bound_a empire_n and_o country_n in_o all_o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o do_v we_o very_o considerable_a service_n there_o be_v moreover_o one_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n which_o make_v they_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o mankind_n for_o without_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o shall_v have_v no_o river_n nor_o fresh_a current_n of_o water_n and_o consequent_o we_o shall_v want_v one_o of_o the_o great_a support_n of_o life_n this_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n mr._n edmund_n halley_n have_v effectual_o prove_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n where_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o spring_n and_o river_n from_o vapour_n 192._o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o present_o precipitate_v gleet_v down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavern_n of_o those_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o bason_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n form_n single_a spring_n many_o of_o these_o run_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n or_o gut_n between_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o come_v to_o unite_v form_n little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n many_o of_o these_o again_o meet_v in_o one_o common_a valley_n and_o gain_v the_o plain_a ground_n be_v grow_v less_o rapid_a become_v a_o river_n and_o many_o of_o these_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a channel_n make_v such_o stream_n as_o the_o rhine_n the_o rhone_n and_o the_o danube_n which_o last_v one_o will_v hardly_o think_v the_o collection_n of_o water_n condense_v out_o of_o vapour_n unless_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a a_o tract_n of_o ground_n that_o river_n drain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v out_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n &_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o immense_a ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v one_o continue_a chain_n of_o mountain_n from_o switzerland_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o may_v almost_o pass_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o it_o evacuate_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o length_n and_o height_n of_o the_o ridge_n from_o whence_o its_o fountain_n arise_v all_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a for_o that_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o serve_v all_o the_o river_n the_o same_o ingenious_a mr._n halley_n have_v demonstrate_v by_o calculation_n but_o it_o be_v also_o demonstrable_a that_o these_o vapour_n be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v must_v follow_v its_o motion_n that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n over_o land_n until_o they_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstacle_n as_o a_o hill_n in_o their_o way_n which_o resist_v their_o motion_n where_o they_o must_v precipitate_v and_o gleet_v down_o by_o its_o side_n and_o so_o form_n rivers_n and_o spring_n all_o this_o be_v not_o only_o clear_a from_o reason_n but_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o same_o mr._n halley_n while_o he_o be_v at_o st._n helena_n as_o he_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n and_o now_o methinks_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o far_o from_o be_v place_v in_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o art_n or_o
consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o figure_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o surface_v fill_v up_o with_o solid_a and_o not_o diaphanous_a matter_n as_o it_o real_o be_v so_o in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n must_v be_v much_o less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v by_o the_o former_a proportion_n from_o thence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v not_o much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v now_o it_o can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o the_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o thence_o that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v then_o as_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n as_o it_o be_v general_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n it_o must_v have_v be_v almost_o infinite_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n certain_o there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n for_o a_o deluge_n in_o that_o case_n except_o it_o be_v to_o cool_v the_o earth_n again_o after_o such_o a_o excessive_a heat_n which_o must_v have_v destroy_v all_o the_o animal_n plant_n and_o tree_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v turn_v they_o into_o glass_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v generate_v and_o prepare_v metal_n which_o lie_v hide_v in_o its_o bowel_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v already_o bring_v a_o sufficient_a demonstration_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v pass_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n within_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o opinion_n that_o metal_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o sun_n influence_n must_v be_v false_a for_o they_o general_o lie_v far_o hide_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o without_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o sun_n influence_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o shall_v i_o grant_v to_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n and_o have_v raise_v the_o vapour_n so_o that_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n fall_v down_o and_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o from_o thence_o there_o can_v follow_v any_o universal_a deluge_n or_o indeed_o any_o deluge_n at_o all_o though_o the_o theorist_n do_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o thus_o when_o the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v break_v and_o fall_v into_o the_o abyss_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n by_o the_o mere_a depth_n of_o the_o abyss_n it_o fall_v into_o and_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v high_a than_o the_o abyss_n be_v deep_a and_o consequent_o will_v stand_v above_o it_o in_o a_o calm_a water_n be_v notwithstanding_o reach_v and_o overtop_v by_o the_o water_n during_o the_o agitation_n and_o violent_a commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n for_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a say_v he_o what_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v upon_o this_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o to_o what_o height_n its_o wave_n will_v be_v throw_v when_o these_o prodigious_a fragment_n be_v tumble_v down_o into_o it_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o stone_n of_o ten_o thousand_o weight_n take_v up_o into_o the_o air_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o and_o then_o let_v fall_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o water_n upon_o that_o impression_n will_v rise_v as_o high_a as_o a_o mountain_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o mighty_a rock_n or_o a_o heap_n of_o rock_n to_o fall_v from_o that_o height_n or_o a_o great_a island_n or_o continent_n these_o will_v expel_v the_o water_n out_o of_o their_o place_n with_o such_o a_o force_n and_o violence_n as_o will_v fling_v they_o above_o the_o high_a cloud_n this_o be_v in_o short_a the_o method_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v out_o for_o make_v a_o universal_a deluge_n but_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n that_o long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o supply_v the_o river_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o will_v become_v of_o his_o deluge_n or_o how_o he_o can_v make_v in_o that_o case_n the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o universal_a flood_n for_o by_o all_o the_o conception_n that_o i_o can_v have_v of_o it_o the_o water_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o fall_n will_v rush_v into_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o flood_n that_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v dry_a land_n appear_v where_o former_o there_o be_v none_o to_o prove_v this_o i_o must_v first_o inquire_v what_o proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o the_o sea_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o any_o time_n bear_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n and_o by_o consequence_n i_o will_v calculate_v the_o time_n the_o river_n will_v take_v to_o fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a and_o they_o run_v as_o they_o do_v now_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o will_v find_v what_o time_n the_o sea_n will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v not_o recruit_v again_o by_o the_o continual_a course_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o it_o that_o be_v if_o the_o abyss_n do_v former_o supply_v all_o the_o river_n with_o water_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v into_o it_o again_o as_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v they_o do_v not_o i_o be_o to_o find_v what_o time_n it_o will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v that_o it_o will_v quite_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o deluge_n at_o all_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o begin_v therefore_o i_o will_v suppose_v as_o the_o theorist_n have_v do_v in_o his_o second_o chap._n book_n first_o that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v sea_n and_o the_o other_o land_n and_o that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o sea_n one_o place_n with_o another_o it_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n deep_a now_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v 170981012_o italian_a mile_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v 85490506_o square_a mile_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ¼_n the_o the_o sea_n be_v ¼_n the_o of_o a_o mile_n deep_a the_o product_n be_v 21372626½_n cubical_a mile_n which_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n now_o to_o calculate_v the_o water_n the_o ocean_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n we_o must_v consider_v some_o great_a river_n who_o breadth_n depth_n and_o swiftness_n be_v best_a know_v such_o be_v the_o po_n which_o pass_v through_o lombardy_n and_o water_n a_o large_a country_n of_o 380_o mile_n in_o length_n ricciolus_n in_o his_o geographia_fw-la reformata_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o its_o breadth_n before_o its_o division_n into_o a_o great_a many_o channel_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o hundred_o bononian_n perch_v or_o a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o its_o depth_n be_v one_o perch_n or_o ten_o foot_n and_o therefore_o its_o perpendicular_a section_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v a_o hundred_o square_a perche_n or_o 40000_o square_a foot_n its_o swiftness_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v about_o four_o italian_a mile_n in_o a_o hour_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2000_o italian_a perch_n for_o there_o be_v 500_o perch_n in_o a_o mile_n the_o po_n therefore_o carry_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 200000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o bring_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o day_n be_v 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o 380000000_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n but_o one_o cubical_a mile_n contain_v 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o po_n take_v one_o day_n to_o bring_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n it_o will_v require_v twenty_o six_o day_n to_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o one_o cubical_a mile_n or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n twenty_o six_o river_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o
surface_n of_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o cylinder_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o height_n two_o mile_n and_o because_o in_o two_o mile_n there_o be_v eight_o quarter_n of_o one_o mile_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o land_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o other_o twelve_o make_v twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v not_o so_o thick_o cover_v with_o hill_n as_o i_o have_v suppose_v it_o be_v indeed_o not_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o because_o there_o be_v but_o few_o hill_n so_o high_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v they_o all_o to_o be_v we_o must_v at_o least_o allow_v two_o ocean_n more_o on_o these_o two_o account_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a amount_n to_o two_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o water_n that_o do_v now_o compose_v the_o present_a ocean_n make_v three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o least_o that_o can_v be_v necessary_a for_o a_o universal_a deluge_n if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v four_o mile_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o most_o probable_o it_o be_v by_o varenius_n calculation_n the_o water_n that_o must_v be_v require_v to_o drown_v the_o whole_a earth_n must_v be_v no_o less_o than_o twenty_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o former_a supposition_n though_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o mr._n whiston_n to_o suppose_v all_o this_o or_o even_o a_o much_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n yet_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v not_o find_v it_o so_o easy_a a_o task_n to_o remove_v it_o again_o from_o the_o earth_n he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o air_n can_v receive_v and_o sustain_v but_o very_o inconsiderable_a quantity_n of_o it_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o entire_a mass_n of_o water_n which_o then_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o this_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v have_v be_v all_o full_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n for_o water_n can_v lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o all_o the_o crack_n holes_n and_o fissure_v in_o it_o be_v first_o fill_v this_o be_v so_o evident_o certain_a both_o to_o sense_n and_o experience_n that_o i_o think_v it_o beyond_o all_o contadiction_n true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o make_v water_n lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o all_o its_o crack_n pit_n and_o holes_n be_v fill_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o vessel_n retain_v water_n who_o bottom_n be_v bore_v through_o with_o hole_n but_o though_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a during_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o impossible_a supposition_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o fissure_n can_v receive_v but_o little_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v at_o first_o derive_v from_o they_o for_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n lie_v immediate_o on_o the_o dense_n and_o heavy_a abyss_n and_o water_n be_v light_a than_o it_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a that_o ever_o water_n shall_v settle_v itself_o between_o the_o crust_n and_o the_o abyss_n it_o be_v therefore_o clear_a that_o no_o more_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n than_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v or_o what_o have_v first_o ascend_v through_o they_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v half_o the_o water_n necessary_a for_o make_v the_o deluge_n and_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o former_a calculation_n at_o least_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n though_o indeed_o i_o can_v easy_o understand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o contain_v and_o receive_v so_o much_o what_o then_o can_v we_o imagine_v will_v become_v of_o the_o rest_n for_o after_o that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v complete_o fill_v there_o will_v remain_v eleven_o ocean_n more_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o imaginable_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n able_a to_o receive_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v clear_a even_o to_o a_o demonstration_n that_o all_o this_o water_n can_v never_o be_v remove_v by_o natural_a mean_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o substantial_a point_n i_o have_v consider_v in_o mr._n whiston_n new_a theory_n i_o may_v have_v make_v several_a objection_n against_o other_o part_n of_o it_o and_o particular_o i_o may_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o mistake_v he_o have_v make_v in_o geometry_n but_o because_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o they_o i_o have_v pass_v they_o over_o if_o mr._n whiston_n will_v be_v please_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v here_o make_v i_o will_v desire_v of_o he_o that_o whatsoever_o difficulty_n he_o design_n to_o remove_v he_o will_v do_v it_o by_o clear_a and_o distinct_a reason_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n if_o he_o find_v himself_o press_v with_o any_o objection_n which_o he_o can_v answer_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v the_o ingenuity_n to_o own_v it_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o philosopher_n that_o never_o miss_v to_o tell_v their_o reader_n they_o reason_v clear_o and_o distinct_o when_o no_o body_n else_o can_v discover_v the_o consequence_n but_o themselves_o and_o when_o they_o be_v sore_o press_v with_o any_o difficulty_n they_o make_v a_o long_a discourse_n about_o some_o thing_n the_o reader_n know_v not_o what_o and_o endeavour_v to_o get_v off_o in_o a_o mist_n of_o word_n but_o i_o expect_v no_o such_o deal_n from_o one_o of_o mr._n whiston_n candour_n and_o sincerity_n finis_fw-la finis_fw-la dr._n burthogge_n burthogge_n see_v the_o preface_n and_o page_n 125._o first_o part_n and_o page_n 147._o part_n second_o oxford_z edition_n edition_n warren_n geology_n page_n 116._o 116._o philosophical_a transaction_n number_v 192._o 192._o see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o 105_o the_o page_n page_n archaeologiae_fw-la philosoph_n p._n 320_o 321._o
it_o will_v also_o endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o will_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o water_n to_o do_v the_o same_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o orb_n will_v hinder_v the_o fluid_a from_o recede_v since_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o assign_v any_o such_o strait_a limit_n to_o our_o globe_n for_o our_o air_n be_v not_o enclose_v with_o wall_n but_o beyond_o our_o atmosphere_n there_o lie_v a_o free_a and_o open_a space_n beside_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o straitness_n without_o doubt_n it_o will_v be_v every_o where_o equal_a and_o the_o same_o and_o by_o consequence_n as_o it_o hinder_v the_o fluid_a from_o rise_v at_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o it_o will_v also_o hinder_v its_o rise_n at_o the_o pole_n and_o then_o there_o will_v not_o in_o that_o case_n be_v any_o oval_a figure_n at_o all_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o theorist_n can_v give_v no_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v make_v the_o air_n resist_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_a upward_o at_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o yet_o yield_v to_o its_o motion_n upward_o at_o the_o pole_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o air_n press_v as_o much_o one_o way_n as_o another_o it_o will_v by_o the_o same_o force_n hinder_v a_o fluid_a from_o rise_v at_o the_o pole_n by_o which_o it_o resist_v its_o rise_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o upon_o any_o such_o account_n be_v of_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a figure_n who_o surface_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v near_o its_o centre_n than_o its_o pole_n be_v so_o far_o be_v the_o theorist_n opinion_n distant_a from_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n that_o from_o the_o same_o very_a principle_n of_o a_o centrifugal_a force_n it_o do_v evident_o follow_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v high_a or_o further_a distant_a from_o the_o centre_n than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o that_o figure_n which_o he_o suppose_v it_o have_v in_o its_o primitive_a state_n now_o to_o prove_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v first_o that_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n the_o earth_n be_v fluid_a and_o spherical_a but_o afterward_o god_n almighty_a have_v give_v it_o a_o motion_n round_o its_o own_o axis_n all_o body_n upon_o the_o earth_n will_v describe_v either_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n all_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v here_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o body_n do_v free_o revolve_v in_o a_o circle_n about_o a_o centre_n as_o the_o planet_n do_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o its_o centrifugal_a force_n or_o that_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o centre_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o its_o centrifugal_a force_n by_o which_o it_o do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n for_o the_o force_n which_o detain_v a_o body_n in_o its_o orbit_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o its_o orbit_n and_o fly_v off_o in_o the_o tangent_fw-la this_o may_v be_v clear_a by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o body_n turn_v round_o a_o centre_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o thread_n which_o detain_v the_o body_n in_o its_o orbit_n the_o thread_n be_v stretch_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n will_v endeavour_v to_o contract_v itself_o equal_o towards_o both_o end_n by_o which_o it_o will_v pull_v the_o centre_n as_o much_o towards_o the_o body_n as_o it_o do_v the_o body_n towards_o the_o centre_n now_o this_o centrifugal_a force_n be_v always_o proportional_a to_o the_o periphery_n which_o each_o body_n describe_v in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n by_o the_o first_o theor._n of_o hugenius_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la centrifuga_fw-la so_o that_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v the_o big_a circle_n the_o centrifugal_a force_n will_v be_v great_a and_o still_o grow_v less_o as_o we_o approach_v the_o pole_n where_o it_o quite_o vanish_v there_o be_v there_o no_o diurnal_a rotation_n and_o without_o doubt_n all_o body_n have_v this_o centrifugal_a force_n by_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n will_v fly_v off_o from_o the_o earth_n if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v in_o their_o orbit_n by_o their_o gravity_n or_o that_o force_n by_o which_o they_o be_v press_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a upon_o our_o earth_n than_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n and_o because_o the_o gravity_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o but_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n alter_v and_o grow_v less_o the_o near_o we_o come_v to_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o gravity_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v a_o great_a force_n to_o oppose_v it_o than_o that_o which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n will_v not_o act_v so_o strong_o in_o the_o one_o place_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o heavy_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o at_o the_o pole_n if_o the_o circle_n page_n aepqp_v represent_v the_o earth_n aeq_n the_o aequator_fw-la and_o p_o p_o the_o pole_n if_o c_z be_v a_o body_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o will_v be_v pull_v by_o two_o contrary_a force_n namely_o that_o of_o its_o gravity_n which_o pull_v it_o towards_o the_o centre_n and_o that_o of_o its_o centrifugal_a force_n which_o pull_v it_o from_o it_o now_o if_o both_o these_o force_n be_v equal_v it_o be_v evident_a it_o will_v go_v neither_o of_o these_o way_n but_o if_o one_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o it_o will_v move_v where_o the_o strong_a force_n pull_v it_o but_o only_o with_o a_o velocity_n which_o be_v proportional_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o two_o force_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v not_o descend_v so_o fast_o as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o centrifugal_a force_n pull_v against_o it_o that_o be_v a_o body_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v press_v less_o towards_o the_o centre_n than_o at_o the_o pole_n where_o there_o be_v no_o centrifugal_a force_n to_o lessen_v its_o gravity_n body_n therefore_o of_o the_o same_o density_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o one_o place_n as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v far_o and_o inquire_v how_o much_o the_o gravity_n be_v diminish_v at_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o any_o other_o parallel_n by_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n which_o all_o body_n acquire_v by_o be_v turn_v round_o the_o earth_n axis_n that_o from_o thence_o we_o may_v endeavour_v to_o determine_v what_o proportion_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n aequator_fw-la have_v to_o its_o axis_n to_o calculate_v which_o i_o will_v first_o suppose_v that_o the_o mean_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 19615800_o paris_n foot_n according_a to_o the_o late_a observation_n of_o the_o french_a mathematician_n and_o since_o the_o earth_n turn_v round_o its_o axis_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 23_o hour_n 56_o for_o in_o that_o time_n the_o same_o meridian_n return_v to_o the_o same_o immovable_a point_n of_o the_o heaven_n again_o but_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v to_o be_v move_v a_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o series_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o there_o be_v four_o minute_n more_o require_v before_o the_o meridian_n can_v overtake_v he_o from_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o a_o body_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la move_v through_o 142688_o foot_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o second_o of_o time_n now_o according_a to_o the_o theorem_fw-la give_v we_o by_o mr._n newton_n in_o his_o philosophiae_fw-la naturalis_fw-la principio_fw-la mathematica_fw-la schol_n prop._n 4._o lib._n 1._o the_o centrifugal_a force_n of_o any_o body_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n that_o the_o square_n of_o the_o arch_n which_o a_o body_n describe_v in_o a_o give_v time_n divide_v by_o its_o diameter_n have_v to_o the_o space_n through_o which_o a_o heavy_a body_n move_v in_o fall_v from_o a_o place_n in_o which_o it_o be_v at_o rest_n in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o suppose_v a_o heavy_a body_n fall_v 15_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o of_o time_n by_o calculation_n it_o will_v from_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o 289_o have_v to_o unity_n and_o therefore_o by_o this_o centrifugal_a force_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o its_o axis_fw-la any_o body_n place_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la lose_v 1_o 289_o part_n of_o its_o gravity_n which_o it_o will_v have_v be_v the_o earth_n
reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v