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will_v not_o the_o aër_fw-la refractivus_fw-la and_o to_o have_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o mention_n we_o make_v in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o scruple_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o it_o as_o if_o it_o may_v be_v many_o mile_n high_a we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o recite_v a_o phaenomenon_n 37._o experiment_n 37._o which_o though_o make_v among_o the_o first_o we_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o mention_v till_o after_o many_o other_o that_o we_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o observe_v as_o many_o circumstance_n of_o it_o as_o we_o can_v and_o so_o present_a your_o lordship_n at_o once_o most_o of_o what_o we_o at_o several_a time_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v so_o odd_a a_o phaenomenon_n our_o engine_n have_v not_o be_v long_o finish_v when_o at_o the_o first_o leisure_n we_o can_v steal_v from_o our_o occasion_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o while_o i_o be_v busy_v in_o entertain_v a_o learned_a
enquiry_n touch_v bubble_n make_v with_o common_a and_o distil_a water_n 182_o the_o 24_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o inquiry_n be_v prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n as_o with_o salad_n oil_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n red-wine_n milk_n hen_n egg_n spirit_n of_o urine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n spirit_n of_o wine_n 187_o etc._n etc._n the_o wonderful_a expansion_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 194_o the_o 25_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansion_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n under_o water_n 195_o etc._n etc._n the_o 26_o experiment_n touch_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n 202_o etc._n etc._n the_o 27_o experiment_n touch_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o author_n intention_n of_o try_v some_o other_o experiment_n for_o the_o further_a elucidation_n thereof_o 210_o etc._n etc._n the_o 28_o experiment_n touch_v the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o the_o water_n when_o the_o air_n pressure_n be_v speedy_o remove_v 214_o the_o 29_o experiment_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n wherein_o it_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o several_a motion_n which_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o strange_a smoke_a liquor_n of_o the_o author_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v in_o the_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o ascent_n proceed_v from_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n and_o not_o from_o any_o positive_a levity_n of_o their_o own_o 217_o etc._n etc._n the_o 30_o experiment_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o smoke_n which_o in_o several_a circumstance_n seem_v very_o much_o to_o resemble_v the_o property_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n 224_o etc._n etc._n a_o conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o sun_n undulation_n 228_o the_o 31_o experiment_n concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o two_o flat_a marble_n exact_o plain_v and_o wrought_v together_o and_o the_o true_a reason_n thereof_o 229._o the_o author_n intention_n for_o the_o further_a prosecution_n thereof_o &_o what_o hinder_v he_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o under_o marble_n do_v not_o fall_v from_o the_o upper_a be_v only_o conjoynd_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v and_o a_o notable_a relation_n concern_v the_o cohesion_n of_o flat_a body_n 231_o etc._n etc._n the_o 32_o experiment_n touch_v the_o forcible_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o a_o valve_n fasten_v upon_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o diameter_n of_o it_o and_o the_o weight_n it_o sustain_v 233_o etc._n etc._n the_o 33_o experiment_n touch_v the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o under_o superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n 236_o etc._n etc._n what_o weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o depress_v it_o &_o what_o weight_n it_o will_v lift_v and_o carry_v up_o with_o it_o 239_o etc._n etc._n what_o improvement_n &_o use_n there_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o experiment_n 242._o a_o discourse_n touch_v the_o nature_n of_o suction_n prove_v that_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la be_v not_o the_o adequate_a cause_n thereof_o 243_o etc._n etc._n the_o 34_o experiment_n contain_v several_a attempt_n for_o the_o weigh_v of_o light_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n 258_o etc._n etc._n the_o 35_o experiment_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o siphons_n 262_o etc._n etc._n a_o relation_n of_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o siphon_n of_o the_o author_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o try_v the_o experiment_n late_o observe_v by_o some_o frenchman_n and_o further_o improve_v by_o himself_o and_o some_o conjecture_n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o exhibit_v phaenomena_n 267_o etc._n etc._n the_o 36_o experiment_n touch_v the_o weigh_v of_o a_o parcel_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n and_o some_o other_o observation_n for_o the_o explication_n thereof_o 272_o etc._n etc._n a_o accidental_a experiment_n tend_v to_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o author_n reflection_n upon_o the_o first_o experiment_n with_o a_o digressive_a observation_n note_v the_o subtle_a penetrancy_n of_o some_o spirit_n to_o exceed_v by_o far_o that_o of_o the_o air_n 275_o etc._n etc._n and_o some_o other_o experiment_n to_o show_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o pore_n or_o hole_n of_o some_o body_n into_o which_o water_n will_v ready_o insinuate_v itself_o 279_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 282._o the_o author_n return_v to_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o inquiry_n after_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n but_o first_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o tenacity_n of_o a_o thin_a bubble_n of_o glass_n set_v down_o his_o thought_n concern_v the_o strange_a exuperancy_n of_o strength_n in_o air_n agitate_a by_o heat_n above_o what_o the_o same_o have_v unagitated_a 283_o etc._n etc._n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o compare_v the_o result_n thereof_o with_o that_o of_o mersennus_n 286._o the_o opinion_n and_o experiment_n of_o divers_a author_n and_o some_o of_o his_o own_o touch_v the_o proportion_n of_o weight_n betwixt_o water_n and_o air_n be_v compare_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o author_n 288._o the_o result_n thereof_o 290._o mersennus_n his_o observation_n reconcile_v with_o that_o of_o the_o author_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gravity_n of_o water_n and_o air_n about_o london_n 291_o etc._n etc._n after_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o several_a writer_n touch_v the_o proportion_n of_o gravity_n between_o water_n and_o quick_a silver_n the_o author_n set_v down_o his_o own_o trial_n make_v several_a way_n together_o with_o his_o conclusion_n therefrom_o 293_o etc._n etc._n the_o use_n he_o make_v of_o this_o inquiry_n for_o the_o guess_v at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n 297._o what_o other_o experiment_n be_v requisite_a to_o the_o determination_n thereof_o 299_o etc._n etc._n the_o 37_o experiment_n touch_v the_o strange_a and_o odd_a phaenomenon_n of_o the_o sudden_a flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o several_a circumstance_n and_o difficulty_n of_o it_o with_o some_o attempt_n towards_o the_o render_n at_o reason_n thereof_o 301_o etc._n etc._n the_o difficulty_n of_o so_o do_v further_o show_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o various_a change_n of_o air_n which_o do_v not_o immediate_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n 315._o this_o last_o proposition_n prove_v by_o several_a observation_n 316._o the_o 38._o experiment_n touch_v the_o freeze_a of_o water_n 319._o etc._n etc._n a_o problem_n concern_v the_o great_a force_n wherewith_o a_o freeze_a liquor_n extend_v its_o self_n propose_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a admirable_a effect_n wrought_v thereby_o 320_o etc._n etc._n the_o 39_o experiment_n contain_v a_o inquisition_n after_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o substance_n that_o remain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n after_o the_o air_n be_v well_o exhaust_v the_o relation_n of_o a_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o swâ—lling_n of_o the_o glass_n with_o a_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o pliableness_n of_o glass_n in_o small_a price_n 322._o etc._n etc._n the_o 40._o experiment_n touch_v the_o difficulty_n that_o occur_v in_o make_v trial_n whether_o rarefy_v air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v fly_v infect_v 326._o &c_n &c_n the_o 41._o experiment_n exhibit_v several_a trial_n touch_v the_o respiration_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o animal_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n 328_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o digression_n contain_v some_o doubt_n touch_v respiration_n wherein_o be_v delivereâ—_n several_a experiment_n relate_v thereunto_o 335_o etc._n etc._n the_o 42._o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a operation_n of_o corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o empty_v receiver_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n 384_o the_o 43._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spontaneous_a ebullition_n of_o warm_a liquor_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n 388_o the_o conclusion_n 394_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o dungarvan_n my_o honour_a and_o dear_a nephew_n my_o dear_a lord_n receive_v in_o your_o last_o from_o paris_n a_o desire_n that_o i_o will_v add_v some_o more_o experiment_n to_o those_o i_o former_o send_v you_o over_o i_o can_v not_o be_v so_o much_o your_o servant_n as_o i_o be_o without_o look_v upon_o that_o desire_n as_o a_o command_n and_o consequent_o without_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o consider_v by_o what_o sort_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v the_o most_o acceptable_o be_v obey_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v by_o letter_n from_o some_o other_o ingenious_a person_n at_o paris_n that_o several_a of_o the_o virtuoso_n there_o be_v very_a intent_n upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o air_n in_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n
in_o the_o famous_a experiment_n touch_v a_o vacuum_n i_o think_v i_o can_v not_o comply_v with_o your_o desire_n in_o a_o more_o fit_a and_o seasonable_a manner_n then_o by_o prosecute_a and_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v that_o noble_a experiment_n of_o torricellius_n and_o by_o present_v your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o my_o attempt_n to_o illustrate_v a_o subject_n about_o which_o it_o be_v be_v so_o much_o discourse_v of_o where_o you_o be_v together_o with_o your_o inbred_a curiosity_n and_o love_n of_o experimental_a learning_n make_v i_o suppose_v you_o sufficient_o inquisitive_a and_o though_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o acquaint_v you_o on_o this_o occasion_n with_o any_o store_n of_o new_a discovery_n yet_o possible_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o assist_v you_o to_o know_v something_n which_o you_o do_v former_o but_o suppose_v and_o shall_v present_v you_o if_o not_o with_o new_a theory_n at_o least_o with_o new_a proof_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o yet_o become_v unquestionable_a and_o if_o what_o i_o shall_v deliver_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o encourage_v and_o assist_v you_o to_o prosecute_v the_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v i_o shall_v account_v myself_o in_o pay_v of_o a_o duty_n to_o you_o to_o have_v do_v a_o piece_n of_o service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n since_o it_o may_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o that_o experimental_a philosophy_n the_o effectual_a pursuit_n of_o which_o require_v as_o well_o a_o purse_n as_o a_o brain_n to_o endear_v it_o to_o hopeful_a person_n of_o your_o quality_n who_o may_v accomplish_v many_o thing_n which_o other_o can_v but_o wish_v or_o at_o most_o but_o design_n by_o be_v able_a to_o employ_v the_o present_n of_o fortune_n in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o nature_n and_o i_o be_o not_o faint_o induce_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o subject_a rather_o than_o any_o of_o the_o expect_v chemical_a one_o to_o entertain_v your_o lordship_n upon_o by_o these_o two_o consideration_n the_o one_o that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o humane_a life_n that_o not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n but_o most_o other_o creature_n that_o breath_n can_v live_v many_o minute_n without_o it_o any_o considerable_a discovery_n of_o its_o nature_n seem_v likely_a to_o prove_v of_o moment_n to_o mankind_n and_o the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v that_o whereto_o both_o our_o own_o body_n and_o most_o of_o the_o other_o we_o deal_v with_o here_o below_o be_v almost_o perpetual_o contiguous_a not_o only_o its_o alteration_n have_v a_o notable_a and_o manifest_a share_n in_o those_o obvious_a effect_n that_o man_n have_v already_o be_v invite_v to_o ascribe_v thereunto_o such_o as_o be_v the_o various_a distemper_n incident_a to_o humane_a body_n especial_o if_o crazy_a in_o the_o spring_n the_o autumn_n and_o also_o on_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o sudden_a change_n of_o wether_n but_o likewise_o that_o the_o further_a discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n will_v probable_o discover_v to_o we_o that_o it_o concur_v more_o or_o less_o to_o the_o exhibit_v of_o many_o phaenomena_n in_o which_o it_o have_v hitherto_o scarce_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v any_o interest_n so_o that_o a_o true_a account_n of_o any_o experiment_n that_o be_v new_a concern_v a_o thing_n wherewith_o we_o have_v such_o constant_a and_o necessary_a intercourse_n may_v not_o only_o prove_v of_o some_o advantage_n to_o humane_a life_n but_o gratify_v philosopher_n by_o promote_a their_o speculation_n on_o a_o subject_a which_o have_v so_o much_o oppurtunity_n to_o solicit_v their_o curiosity_n and_o i_o shall_v immediate_o proceed_v to_o the_o mention_n of_o my_o experiment_n but_o that_o i_o like_v too_o well_o that_o worthy_a say_n of_o the_o naturalist_n pliny_n benignum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o plenum_fw-la ingenui_fw-la pudoris_fw-la 1._o in_o praesat_n lib._n 1._o fateri_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la profeceris_fw-la not_o to_o conform_v to_o it_o by_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n in_o the_o first_o place_n with_o the_o hint_n i_o have_v of_o the_o engine_n i_o be_o to_o entertain_v you_o of_o you_o may_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o a_o while_n before_o our_o separation_n in_o england_n i_o tell_v you_o of_o a_o book_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o but_o not_o peruse_v publish_v by_o the_o industrious_a jesuit_n schottus_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v he_o relate_v how_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n otto_n gericke_n consul_n of_o magdeburg_n have_v late_o practise_v in_o germany_n a_o way_n of_o empty_v glass_n vessel_n by_o suck_v out_o the_o air_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n plunge_v under_o water_n and_o you_o may_v also_o perhaps_o remember_v that_o i_o express_v myself_o much_o delight_v with_o this_o experiment_n since_o thereby_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o external_a air_n either_o rush_v in_o at_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o the_o empty_v vessel_n or_o violent_o force_v up_o the_o water_n into_o it_o be_v render_v more_o obvious_a and_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o any_o experiment_n that_o i_o have_v former_o see_v and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o write_n i_o sometime_o â—hewed_v your_o lordship_n that_o i_o have_v be_v solicitous_a to_o try_v thing_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n yet_o in_o regard_n this_o gentleman_n be_v beforehand_o with_o i_o in_o produce_v such_o considerable_a effect_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o assistance_n and_o encouragement_n the_o report_n of_o his_o performance_n have_v afford_v i_o but_o as_o few_o invention_n happen_v to_o be_v at_o first_o so_o complete_a as_o not_o to_o be_v either_o blemish_v with_o some_o deficiency_n needful_a to_o be_v remedy_v or_o otherwise_o capable_a of_o improvement_n so_o when_o the_o engine_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o come_v to_o be_v more_o attentive_o consider_v there_o will_v appear_v two_o very_a considerable_a thing_n to_o be_v desire_v in_o it_o for_o first_o the_o wind-pump_n as_o some_o body_n not_o improper_o call_v it_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o to_o evacuate_v the_o vessel_n there_o be_v require_v the_o continual_a labour_n of_o two_o strong_a man_n for_o divers_a hour_n and_o next_o which_o be_v a_o imperfection_n of_o much_o great_a moment_n the_o receiver_n or_o glass_n to_o be_v empty_v consist_v of_o one_o entire_a and_o uninterrupted_a globe_n and_o neck_n of_o glass_n the_o whole_a engine_n be_v so_o make_v that_o thing_n can_v be_v convey_v into_o it_o whereon_o to_o try_v experiment_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v but_o little_a if_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v expect_v from_o it_o than_o those_o very_a few_o phaenomena_n that_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v by_o the_o author_n and_o record_v by_o schottus_n wherefore_o to_o remedy_v these_o inconvenience_n i_o put_v both_o mr._n g._n and_o r._n hook_n who_o have_v also_o 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former_a position_n may_v be_v mechanical_o explicate_v yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o to_o determine_v whether_o the_o motion_n of_o restitution_n in_o body_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o peculiar_a structure_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o from_o the_o endeavour_n of_o some_o subtle_a ambient_fw-la body_n who_o passage_n may_v be_v oppose_v or_o obstruct_v or_o else_o it_o be_v pressure_n unequal_o resist_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o new_a shape_n or_o magnitude_n which_o the_o bend_n of_o a_o spring_n may_v give_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o to_o determine_v this_o i_o say_v seem_v to_o i_o a_o matter_n of_o more_o difficulty_n then_o at_o first_o sight_n one_o will_v easy_o imagine_v it_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v decline_v meddle_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v explicate_v then_o necessary_a to_o be_v so_o by_o he_o who_o business_n it_o be_v not_o in_o this_o letter_n to_o 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not_o amiss_o to_o annex_v to_o our_o first_o experiment_n some_o general_a consideration_n touch_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n because_o this_o doctrine_n be_v yet_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o school_n not_o only_o we_o find_v not_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o be_v much_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o of_o those_o few_o that_o have_v hear_v of_o it_o the_o great_a part_n have_v be_v forward_o to_o reject_v it_o upon_o a_o mistake_a persuasion_n that_o those_o phaenomena_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o fit_o ascribeable_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air._n 3._o experiment_n 3._o we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o observe_v that_o though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o handle_n the_o sucker_n be_v easy_o draw_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n yet_o without_o the_o help_n of_o that_o leaver_n there_o will_v be_v require_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n a_o force_n or_o weight_n great_a enough_o to_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n since_o otherwise_o the_o air_n will_v not_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o its_o place_n when_o none_o be_v permit_v to_o succeed_v into_o the_o place_n desert_v by_o the_o sucker_n this_o seem_v evident_a from_o the_o know_a torricellian_a experiment_n in_o which_o if_o the_o invert_v tube_n of_o mercury_n be_v but_o 25_o digit_n high_a or_o somewhat_o more_o the_o quicksilver_n will_v not_o fall_v but_o remain_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n because_o it_o can_v press_v the_o subjacent_a mercury_n with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n as_o do_v the_o incumbent_n cylinder_n of_o the_o air_n reach_v thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n whereas_o if_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v three_o or_o four_o digit_n long_o it_o will_v overpower_v that_o of_o the_o external_a air_n and_o run_v out_o into_o the_o vesseled_a mercury_n till_o the_o two_o cylinder_n come_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o no_o further_o hence_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_n that_o though_o the_o sucker_n move_v easy_o enough_o up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o cylinder_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o manubrium_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o manubrium_fw-la be_v take_v off_o it_o will_v require_v a_o considerable_a strength_n to_o move_v it_o either_o way_n nor_o will_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o if_o when_o the_o valve_n and_o stop-cock_n be_v well_o shut_v you_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n and_o then_o let_v go_v the_o manubrium_fw-la the_o sucker_n will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o re-ascend_a to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n since_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o external_a air_n find_v nothing_o to_o resist_v its_o press_v up_o the_o sucker_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v almost_o evacuate_v though_o have_v draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n you_o open_v the_o way_n from_o the_o receiver_n to_o the_o cylinder_n and_o then_o intercept_v that_o way_n again_o by_o return_v the_o key_n the_o sucker_n will_v upon_o the_o let_a go_v the_o manubrium_fw-la be_v forcible_o carry_v up_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n because_o the_o air_n within_o the_o cylinder_n be_v equal_o dilate_v and_o weaken_v with_o that_o of_o the_o glass_n be_v unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n till_o it_o be_v drive_v into_o so_o little_a space_n that_o there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la betwixt_o its_o force_n and_o that_o of_o the_o air_n without_o and_o congruous_o hereunto_o we_o find_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v down_o with_o little_o less_o difficulty_n then_o if_o the_o cylinder_n be_v devoid_a of_o air_n the_o stop-cock_n be_v exact_o shut_v we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n that_o depend_v upon_o the_o fabric_n of_o our_o engine_n itself_o but_o to_o shun_v
press_v on_o the_o bladder_n the_o internal_a air_n not_o find_v the_o wont_a resistance_n first_o swell_v and_o distend_v the_o bladder_n and_o then_o break_v it_o with_o so_o wide_a and_o crooked_a a_o rent_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v forcible_o tear_v asunder_o with_o hand_n after_o which_o a_o second_o bladder_n be_v convey_v in_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o like_a success_n and_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o bladder_n be_v break_v by_o its_o own_o fibre_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o imprison_v air._n and_o of_o this_o experiment_n these_o two_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o that_o the_o bladder_n at_o its_o break_n give_v a_o great_a report_n almost_o like_o a_o craker_n and_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bladder_n have_v the_o power_n to_o break_v it_o with_o the_o mention_a impetuosity_n long_o before_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v all_o or_o near_o all_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n but_o to_o verify_v what_o we_o say_v in_o another_o discourse_n where_o we_o show_v that_o even_o true_a experiment_n may_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o easy_a mistake_n of_o some_o unheeded_a circumstance_n be_v unsuccessful_o try_v we_o will_v advertise_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o we_o do_v oftentimes_o in_o vain_a try_v the_o break_n of_o bladder_n after_o the_o manner_n abovementioned_a of_o which_o the_o cause_n appear_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o bladder_n we_o can_v not_o break_v have_v be_v bring_v we_o ready_a blow_v from_o those_o that_o sell_v they_o be_v grow_v dry_a before_o they_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o we_o afterward_o tie_v they_o very_o hard_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o fret_v and_o so_o become_v unserviceable_a and_o if_o we_o tie_v they_o but_o moderate_o hard_a their_o stiffness_n keep_v they_o from_o be_v close_v so_o exact_o but_o that_o when_o the_o include_v air_n have_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n distend_v they_o as_o much_o as_o easy_o it_o can_v it_o will_v in_o part_n get_v out_o between_o the_o little_a wrinkle_n of_o the_o sphincter_n of_o tâ—e_v neck_n whence_o also_o it_o usual_o happen_v that_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o the_o air_n from_o without_o the_o bladder_n appear_v more_o flaccid_a and_o empty_a then_o before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o whereas_o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v bring_v we_o moist_a from_o the_o butcher_n we_o can_v without_o injure_v they_o tie_v their_o neck_n so_o close_o that_o none_o of_o the_o air_n once_o blow_v in_o can_v get_v out_o of_o they_o but_o by_o violent_o break_v they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o point_n at_o something_o which_o may_v deserve_v a_o more_o deliberate_a speculation_n than_o we_o can_v now_o afford_v it_o namely_o that_o the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o sâ—me_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v be_v as_o well_o increase_v by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o aërial_a particle_n whether_o only_o move_v they_o more_o swift_o and_o scatter_v they_o or_o also_o extend_v or_o stretch_v they_o out_o i_o determine_v not_o within_o a_o every_o way_n enclose_v and_o yet_o yield_a body_n as_o display_v by_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o air_n that_o press_v it_o without_o for_o we_o find_v that_o a_o bladder_n but_o moderate_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o strong_o tie_v be_v a_o while_n hold_v near_o the_o fire_n not_o only_o grow_v exceed_v turgid_a and_o hard_a but_o afterward_o be_v approach_v near_o to_o the_o fire_n sudden_o break_v with_o so_o loud_a and_o vehement_a a_o noise_n as_o stony_v those_o that_o be_v by_o and_o make_v we_o for_o a_o while_n after_o almost_o deaf_a 6._o experiment_n 6._o have_v thus_o see_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o elastical_a power_n we_o be_v next_o desirous_a to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n how_o far_o a_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v by_o this_o its_o own_o spring_n be_v dilate_v and_o though_o we_o be_v not_o provide_v of_o instrument_n fit_a to_o measure_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n any_o thing_n accurate_o yet_o because_o a_o imperfect_a measure_n of_o it_o be_v more_o desirable_a than_o none_o at_o all_o we_o devise_v the_o follow_a method_n as_o very_o easy_o practicable_a we_o take_v a_o limber_a lamb_n bladder_n which_o be_v thorough_o wet_v in_o fair_a water_n that_o the_o side_n of_o it_o be_v squeeze_v together_o there_o may_v be_v no_o air_n leave_v in_o its_o fold_n as_o indeed_o we_o can_v not_o afterward_o upon_o trial_n discern_v any_o the_o neck_n of_o this_o bladder_n be_v strong_o tie_v about_o that_o of_o a_o small_a glass_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o full_a drachma_n of_o water_n the_o bladder_n be_v first_o so_o compress_v that_o all_o the_o include_v air_n be_v only_o in_o the_o glass_n without_o be_v press_v there_o then_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o air_n in_o the_o little_a viol_n begin_v to_o dilate_v itself_o and_o produce_v a_o small_a tumour_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o as_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v away_o so_o the_o include_v air_n penetrate_v further_o and_o further_o into_o the_o bladder_n and_o by_o degree_n lift_v up_o the_o side_n and_o display_v its_o fold_n till_o at_o length_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v blow_v it_o up_o to_o its_o full_a extent_n whereupon_o the_o external_a air_n be_v permit_v to_o flow_v back_o into_o the_o reciver_n repulse_v the_o air_n that_o have_v fill_v the_o bladder_n into_o its_o former_a narrow_a receptacle_n and_o bring_v the_o bladder_n to_o be_v again_o flaccid_a and_o wrinkle_a as_o before_o then_o take_v out_o the_o bladder_n but_o without_o sever_n it_o from_o the_o glass_n we_o do_v by_o a_o hole_n make_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bladder_n fill_v the_o vessel_n they_o both_o make_v up_o with_o water_n who_o weight_n be_v five_o ounce_n five_o drachma_n and_o a_o half_a five_o drachma_n whereof_o be_v abovementioned_a to_o be_v the_o content_n of_o the_o bottle_n so_o that_o in_o this_o experiment_n when_o the_o air_n have_v most_o extend_v the_o bladder_n it_o possess_v in_o all_o above_o nine_o time_n as_o much_o room_n as_o it_o do_v when_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o will_v probable_o have_v much_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n but_o that_o the_o bladder_n by_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o stick_v together_o of_o its_o side_n do_v somewhat_o resist_v its_o expansion_n and_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a the_o bladder_n appear_v tumid_a enough_o whilst_o yet_o a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o receiver_n who_o exsuction_n will_v according_a to_o our_o former_a observation_n probable_o have_v give_v way_n to_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o suppose_v the_o dilatation_n not_o to_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o bladder_n since_o we_o write_v the_o other_o day_n the_o former_a experiment_n we_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o glass_n not_o very_o unfit_a for_o our_o purpose_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o able_a with_o a_o little_a more_o trouble_n to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o accurate_o than_o we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a bladder_n which_o be_v much_o to_o narrow_a to_o allow_v the_o air_n its_o utmost_a distension_n we_o take_v then_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n who_o bore_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n this_o pipe_n be_v so_o bend_v and_o double_v that_o notwithstanding_o its_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n it_o may_v have_v be_v shut_v up_o into_o a_o small_a receiver_n not_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o by_o misfortune_n it_o crack_v in_o the_o cool_a whereby_o we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o one_o part_v which_o be_v straight_o and_o entire_a but_o exceed_v not_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n this_o little_a tube_n be_v open_a at_o one_o end_n and_o at_o the_o other_o where_o it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v a_o small_a glass_n bubble_n to_o receive_v the_o air_n who_o dilatation_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v along_o the_o side_n of_o this_o tube_n be_v past_v a_o straight_a narrow_a piece_n of_o parchment_n divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n mark_v with_o black_a line_n and_o figure_n that_o by_o they_o may_v be_v measure_v both_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o dilatation_n afterward_o we_o fill_v the_o tube_n with_o water_n almost_o to_o the_o top_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o a_o finger_n and_o invert_v the_o tube_n the_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o ascend_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a glass_n bubble_n and_o by_o reason_n this_o ascent_n be_v very_o slow_a it_o give_v we_o the_o opportunity_n to_o mark_v how_o
it_o will_v possess_v we_o will_v glad_o have_v try_v also_o whether_o the_o air_n at_o its_o great_a expansion_n can_v be_v further_o rarify_v by_o heat_n but_o do_v what_o we_o can_v our_o receiver_n leak_v too_o fast_o to_o let_v we_o give_v ourselves_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o that_o particular_a 7._o experiment_n 7._o to_o discover_v likewise_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o that_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n both_o the_o strength_n of_o glass_n and_o how_o much_o interest_n the_o figure_n of_o a_o body_n may_v have_v in_o its_o great_a or_o lesser_a resistance_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o other_o body_n we_o make_v these_o further_a trial_n we_o cause_v to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n â—_o round_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v by_o guess_n about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n and_o it_o be_v purposely_o blow_v very_o thin_a as_o viol_n make_v with_o lamp_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v that_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v keep_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o figure_n from_o make_v the_o vessel_n too_o strong_a then_o have_v moderate_o empty_v the_o receiver_n and_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o speedy_o apply_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o new_o mention_v glass_n careful_o stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v in_o at_o they_o and_o after_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n we_o make_v a_o free_a passage_n for_o the_o air_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n which_o it_o do_v with_o great_a celerity_n leave_v the_o bubble_n as_o empty_a as_o the_o receiver_n itself_o as_o appear_v to_o we_o by_o some_o circumstance_n not_o now_o to_o be_v insist_v on_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o the_o vessel_n continue_v as_o entire_a as_o before_o give_v we_o cause_n to_o wonder_v that_o the_o bare_a roundness_n of_o the_o figure_n shall_v enable_v a_o glass_n almost_o as_o thin_a as_o paper_n to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o pressure_n as_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n we_o find_v again_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n thrust_v all_o the_o part_n inward_o make_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o arch_a figure_n so_o support_v one_o another_o that_o the_o glass_n remain_v as_o whole_a as_o at_o first_o now_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o this_o other_o experiment_n 8._o experiment_n 8._o we_o take_v a_o glass_n helmet_n or_o alembick_a delineate_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n such_o as_o chemist_n use_v in_o distillation_n and_o contain_v by_o conjecture_n between_o two_o and_o three_o pint_n the_o rostrum_n or_o nose_n of_o it_o mark_v with_o c_o be_v hermetical_o close_v and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o be_v fit_v and_o cement_v one_o of_o the_o shanks_n of_o a_o middlesized_a stop-cock_n so_o that_o the_o glass_n be_v turn_v upside-down_a the_o wide_a orifice_n which_o in_o common_a glass-helmet_n be_v the_o only_a one_o be_v upward_o and_o to_o that_o wide_a orifice_n be_v fit_v a_o cast_n cover_v of_o lead_n which_o be_v careful_o cement_v on_o to_o the_o glass_n then_o the_o other_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v with_o cement_n likewise_o fasten_v into_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v endeavour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o remain_a air_n be_v make_v much_o too_o weak_a to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o glass_n be_v not_o without_o a_o great_a noise_n crack_v almost_o half_a round_n along_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o it_o begin_v to_o bend_v inward_o as_o if_o in_o the_o figure_n the_o crack_n have_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la and_o upon_o a_o endeavour_n to_o pump_v out_o more_o of_o the_o air_n the_o crack_n once_o begin_v appear_v to_o run_v on_o further_a though_o the_o glass_n where_o it_o be_v break_v seem_v to_o be_v by_o conjecture_n above_o ten_o some_o thought_n above_o twenty_o time_n as_o thick_a as_o the_o bubble_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n this_o will_v perhaps_o make_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o have_v take_v another_o glass_n bubble_v blow_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o like_v for_o aught_o we_o discern_v for_o size_n thickness_n and_o figure_n to_o that_o thin_a one_o former_o mention_v and_o have_v seal_v it_o up_o hermetical_o and_o suspend_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o imprison_a air_n to_o break_v or_o in_o the_o least_o to_o crack_v the_o bubble_n though_o the_o experiment_n be_v laborious_o try_v and_o that_o several_a time_n with_o bubble_n of_o other_o size_n but_o that_o perhaps_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o candle_n or_o lamp_n wherewith_o such_o glass_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v not_o to_o mention_v the_o warmth_n of_o his_o hand_n that_o seal_v it_o may_v so_o rarify_v the_o contain_v air_n as_o much_o to_o weaken_v its_o spring_n may_v seem_v probable_a by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n 9_o experiment_n 9_o we_o take_v a_o glass_n viol._n able_a to_o hold_v three_o or_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o of_o the_o thickness_n usual_a in_o glass_n of_o that_o size_n into_o the_o neck_n of_o this_o be_v put_v a_o moderate_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v careful_o fasten_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o pitch_n and_o rosin_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o which_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o as_o the_o six_o figure_n declare_v this_o viol_n be_v upon_o a_o particular_a design_n fill_v with_o water_n till_o that_o come_v up_o in_o it_o a_o pretty_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v put_v into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a 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erroneousness_n of_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n which_o des_fw-mi cartes_n ascribe_v to_o the_o great_a pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o intercurrent_a ethereal_a substance_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o day_n and_o of_o the_o lunary_n month_n then_o at_o other_o but_o in_o regard_n we_o find_v the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o move_v up_o and_o down_o so_o uncertain_o by_o reason_n as_o it_o seem_v of_o accidental_a mutation_n in_o the_o air_n i_o somewhat_o doubt_v whether_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o vary_v as_o regular_o as_o the_o experiment_n be_v ingenious_o propose_v the_o success_n we_o shall_v god_n permit_v we_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n with_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n take_v notice_n that_o when_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v the_o tube_n out_o of_o the_o frame_n after_o it_o have_v stay_v 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the_o whole_a island_n he_o call_v luprica_fw-la protuberant_a above_o the_o sea_n though_o at_o other_o time_n notwithstanding_o a_o clear_a sky_n he_o can_v not_o see_v it_o and_o though_o perhaps_o this_o may_v be_v in_o part_n ascribe_v to_o the_o various_a light_n &_o position_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o to_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o spectator_n eye_n or_o peradventure_o to_o some_o other_o cause_n yet_o the_o most_o probable_a cause_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o differ_a density_n of_o the_o air_n occasion_v by_o exhalation_n capable_a to_o increase_v the_o refraction_n and_o consequent_o bring_v beam_n to_o the_o eye_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o fall_v on_o it_o we_o have_v likewise_o in_o another_o treatise_n mention_v our_o have_v often_o observe_v with_o telescope_n a_o plenty_n of_o steam_n in_o the_o air_n which_o without_o such_o a_o help_n will_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o which_o as_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v see_v even_o 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height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n i_o rather_o say_v that_o such_o alteration_n may_v be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n because_o i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a if_o i_o have_v propose_v conjecture_n not_o altogether_o irrational_a about_o a_o new_a mystery_n of_o nature_n touch_v which_o the_o chief_a thing_n i_o pretend_v to_o be_v to_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o curious_a to_o inquire_v further_o into_o it_o then_o i_o have_v be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v 19_o experiment_n 19_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o move_v we_o to_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o draw_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o mercury_n will_v descend_v in_o a_o tube_n short_a than_o six_o and_o twenty_o digit_n induce_v we_o also_o to_o expect_v that_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n water_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o subside_v in_o glass_n tubes_fw-la of_o a_o moderate_a length_n though_o by_o the_o noble_a experiment_n say_v to_o have_v be_v accurate_o make_v in_o france_n by_o monsieur_n paschal_n we_o be_v inform_v that_o a_o tube_n of_o no_o less_o than_o about_o two_o and_o thirty_o foot_n be_v find_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la succeed_v with_o water_n instead_o of_o quicksilver_n so_o tall_a a_o cylinder_n of_o that_o light_a liquor_n be_v it_o seem_v requisite_a to_o equal_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o and_o twenty_o digit_n and_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o take_v then_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n of_o about_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o not_o very_o slender_a this_o at_o the_o open_a end_n we_o fill_v with_o common_a water_n and_o then_o stop_v that_o end_n till_o we_o have_v invert_v the_o tube_n and_o open_v it_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o the_o like_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o somewhat_o deep_a and_o slender_a vessel_n this_o vessel_n with_o the_o tube_n in_o it_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_v up_o after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o as_o much_o of_o the_o event_n as_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n be_v this_o that_o till_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o tube_n continue_v topful_a of_o water_n as_o when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n former_o contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o to_o bring_v the_o remain_a air_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o so_o short_a and_o light_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n but_o when_o once_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o fall_v in_o the_o tube_n than_o each_o exsuction_n of_o air_n make_v it_o descend_v a_o little_a low_o though_o nothing_o near_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n at_o the_o beginning_n do_v in_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v nor_o do_v there_o appear_v so_o much_o inequality_n in_o the_o space_n transmit_v by_o the_o water_n in_o its_o descent_n as_o there_o do_v in_o those_o observe_v in_o the_o â—all_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n of_o which_o the_o cause_n will_v scarce_o seem_v abstruse_a to_o he_o that_o shall_v due_o reflect_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v and_o whereas_o we_o draw_v down_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o far_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o other_o quicksilver_n into_o which_o it_o be_v to_o fall_v the_o low_a we_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o water_n be_v by_o our_o conjecture_n to_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n of_o which_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o assign_v so_o obvious_a a_o cause_n as_o that_o though_o the_o little_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n can_v not_o hinder_v a_o cylinder_n of_o above_o a_o inch_n high_a of_o quicksilver_n from_o subside_v yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v able_a by_o its_o pressure_n to_o countervail_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o or_o more_o of_o a_o liquor_n so_o much_o less_o ponderous_a than_o quicksilver_n as_o water_n be_v and_o in_o fine_a to_o conclude_v our_o experiment_n when_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v down_o thus_o low_a we_o find_v that_o by_o let_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n it_o may_v be_v immediate_o impel_v up_o again_o to_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n we_o will_v add_v no_o more_o concern_v this_o experiment_n save_o that_o have_v try_v it_o in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n do_v usual_o subside_o diveâ—s_v inches_n and_o at_o the_o second_o exsuction_n fall_v down_o much_o low_a subside_v sometime_o near_o two_o foot_n as_o also_o that_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n from_o without_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v up_o with_o very_a great_a celerity_n that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o notable_a elastical_a power_n whencesoever_o that_o proceed_v we_o have_v 20._o experiment_n 20._o i_o suppose_v abundant_o evince_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n but_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v in_o water_n so_o much_o as_o a_o languid_a one_o seem_v hitherto_o to_o have_v be_v scarce_o consider_v nor_o have_v be_v yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v determine_v either_o way_n by_o any_o writer_n which_o invite_v we_o to_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n there_o be_v take_v a_o great_a glass-bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n such_o as_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n till_o the_o liquor_n reach_v about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v there_o past_v on_o be_v put_v unstopped_a into_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o after_o the_o wont_a manner_n the_o event_n be_v this_o that_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n be_v draw_v out_o before_o we_o discern_v any_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n but_o continue_v the_o labour_n of_o pump_v the_o water_n manifest_o begin_v to_o ascend_v in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o divers_a bubble_n loosen_a themselves_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o there_o break_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o after_o the_o water_n once_o appear_v to_o swell_v then_o at_o each_o time_n the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v out_o the_o air_n from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n do_v sudden_o rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o
a_o barleycorn_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o so_o attain_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o mark_n former_o mention_v and_o at_o length_n to_o make_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o evident_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v sudden_o let_v in_o and_o the_o water_n immediate_o subside_v and_o desert_v all_o the_o space_n it_o have_v new_o gain_v in_o the_o glass_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n here_o though_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o in_o another_o paper_n to_o another_o purpose_n with_o another_o expedient_a that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n ago_o to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n have_v a_o spring_n in_o it_o about_o that_o time_n then_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a promoter_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n dr._n wilkins_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o come_v himself_o and_o bring_v some_o of_o his_o inquisitive_a friend_n to_o my_o lodging_n we_o there_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o round_a and_o hollow_a vessel_n of_o pewter_n great_a enough_o to_o contain_v two_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o exact_o close_v every_o where_o but_o at_o one_o little_a hole_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fill_v then_o partly_o by_o suck_v out_o the_o air_n and_o partly_o by_o inject_v water_n with_o a_o syringe_n it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n fill_v up_o to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o hole_n be_v place_v direct_o upward_o there_o be_v a_o little_a more_o water_n leisurely_o force_v in_o by_o the_o syringe_n upon_o which_o though_o the_o vessel_n be_v permit_v to_o rest_n and_o the_o hole_n keep_v in_o its_o former_a posture_n yet_o the_o compress_v water_n leisurely_o swell_v above_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o divers_a drop_n run_v over_o along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n after_o this_o we_o cause_v a_o skilful_a pewterer_n who_o have_v make_v the_o globe_n to_o close_v it_o up_o in_o our_o 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as_o evident_o as_o this_o experiment_n and_o that_o make_v in_o our_o receiver_n seem_v to_o prove_v a_o power_n in_o the_o water_n to_o expand_v and_o restore_v itself_o after_o compression_n yet_o for_o a_o reason_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o ere_o long_o i_o judge_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o infer_v that_o conclusion_n from_o these_o premise_n till_o i_o have_v make_v some_o of_o the_o follow_a trial_n to_o the_o mention_n of_o which_o i_o will_v therefore_o hasten_v to_o discover_v whether_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n real_o proceed_v from_o a_o elastical_a power_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o 21._o experiment_n 21._o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o try_v two_o thing_n the_o one_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la upon_o body_n under_o water_n and_o the_o other_o whether_o in_o case_n it_o do_v gravitate_fw-la the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o some_o substance_n subtle_a than_o itself_o reside_v in_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o satisfy_n myself_o about_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o intend_v to_o let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n a_o vessel_n of_o water_n wherein_o shall_v be_v immerse_v a_o very_a small_a oil_a bladder_n almost_o devoid_a of_o air_n but_o strong_o tie_v up_o at_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o string_n and_o detain_v a_o little_a under_o water_n by_o such_o a_o weight_n fasten_v to_o that_o string_n as_o shall_v just_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o bladder_n from_o swim_v and_o no_o more_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o if_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v the_o receiver_n be_v empty_v in_o case_n there_o be_v any_o such_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o water_n as_o i_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v the_o air_n within_o the_o bladder_n be_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n free_v from_o that_o pressure_n and_o be_v press_v only_o by_o the_o small_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v considerable_o 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upper_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o viol_n thus_o fit_v with_o the_o pipe_n be_v by_o string_n let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o according_a to_o the_o wont_a manner_n exquisite_o close_v up_o in_o it_o this_o do_v we_o begin_v to_o pump_n out_o the_o air_n and_o when_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o it_o have_v be_v draw_v away_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n begin_v to_o rise_v high_o in_o the_o pipe_n at_o the_o side_n of_o which_o some_o little_a bubble_n discover_v themselves_o after_o a_o little_a while_n long_o the_o water_n still_o swell_v there_o appear_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o small_a pea_n which_o ascend_v through_o the_o pipe_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n stay_v there_o awhile_o and_o then_o break_v but_o the_o pump_n be_v nimble_o ply_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n so_o increase_v that_o quick_o get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n some_o drop_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o run_v down_o along_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o oblige_v we_o to_o forbear_v pump_v awhile_o and_o give_v the_o water_n leave_v to_o subside_o within_o less_o than_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n after_o this_o the_o pump_n be_v again_o set_v at_o work_n the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v not_o all_o of_o a_o size_n but_o yet_o so_o big_a that_o estimate_v one_o with_o another_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o the_o small_a sort_n of_o pea_n and_o of_o these_o we_o reckon_v about_o sixty_o which_o come_v up_o one_o after_o another_o beside_o store_n of_o small_a one_o of_o which_o we_o make_v no_o reckon_n and_o at_o length_n grow_v weary_a of_o reckon_v and_o pump_v too_o because_o we_o find_v that_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o our_o pain_n and_o industry_n some_o undiscerned_a leak_n or_o other_o in_o the_o receiver_n hinder_v we_o from_o be_v able_a to_o empty_v it_o altogether_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o desist_v for_o that_o time_n after_o trial_n make_v of_o what_o operation_n the_o external_a air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o the_o expanded_a water_n will_v have_v and_o according_o turning_z the_o key_n to_o let_v in_o the_o air_n we_o see_v as_o we_o expect_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n in_o a_o moment_n fall_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o now_o of_o this_o experiment_n there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o circumstance_n yet_o to_o be_v mention_v which_o be_v no_o less_o than_o those_o already_o recite_v pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o rise_a bubble_n ascend_v
so_o very_o slow_o in_o the_o pipe_n that_o their_o progress_n be_v scarce_o discernible_a which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o their_o bigness_n be_v such_o that_o they_o can_v not_o sufficient_o extend_v themselves_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o glass_n without_o press_v on_o both_o hand_n against_o the_o side_n of_o it_o whereby_o they_o become_v of_o more_o difficult_a extrusion_n to_o the_o water_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a these_o bubble_n shall_v be_v of_o any_o considerable_a bulk_n since_o it_o be_v like_a they_o consist_v of_o lesser_a parcel_n of_o the_o air_n lurk_v in_o the_o water_n than_o those_o that_o be_v vigorous_a enough_o to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o long_a before_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v common_o much_o large_a than_o before_o some_o of_o they_o be_v equal_a in_o quantity_n to_o four_o or_o five_o pea_n whether_o this_o their_o increase_n of_o bulk_n proceed_v from_o the_o great_a decrement_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n or_o from_o the_o union_n of_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o numerous_a bubble_n which_o be_v then_o generate_v below_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n where_o we_o can_v not_o see_v what_o be_v do_v among_o they_o another_o thing_n we_o note_v in_o our_o bubble_n be_v that_o whereas_o in_o ordinary_a one_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o thin_a film_n of_o water_n that_o invest_v and_o detain_v be_v wont_a to_o swell_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o swim_v on_o and_o common_o to_o constitute_v hemispherical_a body_n with_o it_o the_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o come_v up_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o empty_v do_v not_o make_v protuberant_a bubble_n but_o such_o who_o upper_a surface_n be_v either_o level_n with_o or_o beneath_o that_o of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o the_o upper_a surface_n be_v usual_o somewhat_o convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n remain_v above_o 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be_v to_o be_v circumspect_a and_o considerate_a when_o we_o be_v to_o make_v and_o to_o build_v upon_o nice_a experiment_n for_o though_o i_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v use_v sufficient_a caution_n yet_o afterward_o consider_v with_o myself_o that_o the_o aeolipile_v i_o have_v employ_v be_v a_o very_a large_a one_o and_o that_o it_o require_v much_o more_o care_n than_o one_o that_o have_v not_o try_v it_o will_v imagine_v to_o drive_v out_o all_o the_o air_n from_o a_o large_a aeolipile_n i_o easy_o suspect_v that_o the_o distension_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o our_o pneumatical_a vessel_n may_v proceed_v not_o from_o the_o watery_a steam_n that_o come_v out_o at_o the_o narrow_a mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o have_v very_o much_o wet_v the_o bladder_n but_o from_o the_o rarefy_v air_n which_o in_o that_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v wont_v for_o a_o good_a while_n
together_o to_o come_v out_o with_o the_o rarefy_v water_n and_o according_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o very_o difficult_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o shrink_n of_o the_o bladder_n upon_o their_o be_v heat_v and_o of_o other_o impediment_n to_o make_v it_o so_o accurate_o as_o to_o deduce_v from_o it_o that_o water_n may_v be_v rarify_v into_o true_a air._n against_o the_o four_o other_o abovementioned_a consideration_n we_o can_v spend_v time_n to_o frame_v objection_n but_o must_v forth_o with_o proceed_v to_o the_o mention_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o air_n at_o least_o such_o as_o produce_v our_o bubble_n maybe_o generate_v of_o water_n and_o other_o body_n first_o then_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o vapid_a air_n or_o water_n rarify_v into_o vapour_n may_v at_o least_o for_o a_o while_o emulate_v the_o elastical_a power_n of_o that_o which_o be_v general_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v true_a air._n for_o if_o you_o take_v a_o good_a aeolipile_n with_o a_o moderate_o strong_a and_o slender_a neck_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n lay_v it_o upon_o quick_a coal_n you_o may_v after_o a_o while_o observe_v so_o great_a a_o pressure_n by_o some_o of_o the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o aeolipile_n upon_o other_o that_o the_o water_n will_v sometime_o be_v throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o if_o you_o then_o take_v the_o aeolipile_n almost_o red_a hot_a from_o off_o the_o fire_n you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o water_n will_v for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o one_o will_v easy_o imagine_v continue_v to_o be_v spout_v out_o in_o a_o violent_a stream_n and_o if_o there_o remain_v but_o little_a water_n in_o the_o aeolipile_n when_o it_o be_v take_v very_o hot_a from_o the_o fire_n immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o into_o cold_a water_n you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o it_o begin_v to_o suck_v in_o some_o water_n there_o will_v be_v make_v from_o time_n to_o time_n store_n of_o large_a bubble_n in_o that_o water_n whereinto_o the_o neck_n be_v plunge_v which_o bubble_n seem_v manifest_o to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o for_o a_o while_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o aeolipile_n continue_v strong_a enough_o to_o rarify_v part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v suck_v in_o and_o expel_v it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n through_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o pipe_n if_o also_o when_o the_o aeolipile_n be_v almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o therefore_o can_v contain_v but_o little_a air_n you_o hold_v a_o coal_n or_o brand_n in_o that_o stream_n of_o vapour_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o narrow_a mouth_n of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v this_o vapid_a or_o rorid_a air_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o to_o blow_v the_o fire_n very_o strong_o and_o with_o a_o roar_a noise_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o external_a air_n which_o the_o aqueous_a steam_n drive_v before_o they_o and_o not_o by_o the_o steam_n themselves_o that_o the_o blast_n be_v make_v and_o the_o flame_n excite_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o by_o approach_v the_o coal_n or_o brand_n almost_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o wind_n appear_v more_o vehement_a than_o if_o the_o body_n to_o be_v kindle_v be_v hold_v some_o inch_n off_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o stream_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n seem_v manifest_o due_a to_o the_o heat_n that_o expand_v and_o agitate_v the_o aqueous_a particle_n whereof_o that_o stream_n consist_v and_o that_o such_o rapid_a wind_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o water_n scatter_v into_o little_a part_n and_o set_v a_o move_n since_o we_o find_v that_o hold_v a_o knife_n or_o any_o solid_a smooth_a and_o close_a body_n against_o the_o stream_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o vapour_n condense_v upon_o it_o will_v present_o cover_v it_o with_o water_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pertinent_a to_o subjoin_v a_o notable_a experiment_n that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o description_n give_v we_o by_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o several_a musical_a engine_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o prolix_a we_o will_v recite_v what_o he_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v these_o 309._o 〈…〉_o &_o 〈◊〉_d lib._n 9_o p._n 309._o cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont_n innocentii_fw-la x_o mi_o mandato_fw-la organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cur_n a_o mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la eâ_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la sive_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la ah_o 5_o pedum_n latitudine_fw-la 3_o fear_v ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la 309._o in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la tenebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la cd_o &_o ej_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la for_o aminibus_fw-la pertusa_fw-la paulo_n infra_fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_o h_n eidem_fw-la epistomium_fw-la parabat_fw-la exitum_fw-la aqua_fw-la itáque_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la g_o maximo_fw-la impetu_fw-la ruenâ—_n vehementissimum_fw-la ventum_fw-la mox_fw-la intus_fw-la excitabat_fw-la qui_fw-la ventus_fw-la nimia_fw-la humiditate_fw-la imbutus_fw-la ut_fw-la purior_fw-la exiret_fw-la sicciorque_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la illa_fw-la in_o cribri_fw-la modum_fw-la pertusa_fw-la ordinata_fw-la sunt_fw-la intra_fw-la haec_fw-la enim_fw-la aquae_fw-la vehemens_fw-la agitatio_fw-la rupta_fw-la fractaque_fw-la aerem_fw-la puriorem_fw-la per_fw-la a_fw-la canalem_fw-la subtilioremque_fw-la emittebat_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la postea_fw-la inventum_fw-la sit_fw-la acren_n plus_fw-la aequo_fw-la humidum_fw-la interioribus_fw-la organi_fw-la meatibus_fw-la maximum_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la infer_v hinc_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la aquosus_fw-la siccissimam_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la acquireret_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la canalem_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la qr_n in_fw-la helicem_fw-la contortum_fw-la vasi_fw-la s_o aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la urnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la inserâ—um_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_fw-la in_o organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosus_fw-la qr_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la qui_fw-fr inseritur_fw-la anemothecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la debet_fw-la autem_fw-la camera_fw-la illa_fw-la situari_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la quantum_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la sicciori_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la longo_fw-la canali_fw-la aqua_fw-la intra_fw-la eam_fw-la derivetur_fw-la ne_fw-la locus_fw-la humiditate_fw-la sva_fw-la organis_fw-la officiat_fw-la thus_o far_o the_o ingenious_a kircherus_n who_o i_o the_o rather_o cite_v because_o although_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o divers_a ventiduct_n as_o they_o call_v they_o by_o very_o know_v traveller_n that_o have_v observe_v they_o yet_o this_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n be_v very_o punctual_a and_o deliver_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a experience_n have_v i_o confess_v make_v i_o wish_v i_o have_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o organ_n or_o that_o i_o have_v now_o the_o opportunity_n of_o examine_v of_o such_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o upon_o a_o strict_a inquiry_n i_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o breath_n that_o blow_v the_o organ_n do_v not_o real_o upon_o the_o cease_n of_o its_o unusual_a agitation_n by_o little_a and_o little_a relapse_n into_o water_n i_o shall_v strong_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o water_n to_o be_v easy_o turn_v into_o air._n i_o remember_v indeed_o that_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v that_o there_o lurk_v a_o interspersed_a air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o ordinary_a water_n which_o may_v possible_o be_v strike_v out_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o water_n in_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o aeolian_a chamber_n as_o he_o call_v it_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o scheme_n seem_v to_o represent_v that_o chamber_n as_o close_o shut_v and_o thereby_o forbid_v we_o to_o suppose_v that_o any_o air_n be_v carry_v into_o it_o but_o what_o be_v latitant_fw-la in_o the_o water_n it_o will_v scarce_o seem_v probable_a to_o he_o who_o remember_v how_o small_a a_o proportion_n of_o air_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v when_o its_o rarification_n seize_v which_o be_v conceal_v in_o the_o water_n we_o free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o receiver_n that_o so_o little_a air_n as_o be_v common_o disperse_v through_o water_n shall_v be_v able_a in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o so_o small_a a_o room_n to_o make_v so_o vehement_a a_o wind_n as_o our_o author_n here_o tell_v we_o of_o i_o have_v sometime_o therefore_o suspect_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o wind_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o forcible_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o chamber_n into_o
the_o organ_n and_o to_o the_o objection_n to_o which_o i_o foresee_v this_o guess_n to_o be_v liable_a namely_o that_o no_o heat_n intervening_a there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o shall_v raise_v the_o water_n into_o exhalation_n and_o give_v they_o a_o impulse_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o motion_n alone_o if_o vehement_a enough_o may_v without_o sensible_a heat_n suffice_v to_o break_v water_n into_o very_a minute_n part_n and_o make_v they_o ascend_v upward_o if_o they_o can_v not_o where_o else_o more_o easy_o continue_v their_o agitation_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o travel_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n i_o see_v not_o very_o far_o out_o of_o the_o way_n a_o place_n where_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n come_v sudden_o to_o be_v streighten_v betwixt_o two_o rock_n so_o near_o each_o other_o that_o a_o man_n may_v if_o my_o memory_n fail_v i_o not_o stand_v astride_v upon_o both_o at_o once_o that_o rapid_a stream_n dash_v with_o great_a impetuosity_n against_o its_o 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but_o we_o shall_v rather_o to_o the_o forego_n argument_n add_v this_o draw_v from_o reason_n that_o if_o as_o leucippus_n democritus_n epicurus_n and_o other_o follow_v by_o divers_a modern_a naturalist_n have_v teach_v the_o difference_n of_o body_n proceed_v but_o from_o the_o various_a magnitude_n figure_n motion_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o small_a part_n they_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o quality_n that_o make_v they_o differ_v be_v deducible_a from_o thence_o there_o appear_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o water_n and_o other_o body_n may_v not_o be_v so_o agitate_a or_o connect_v as_o to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o air._n for_o if_o we_o allow_v the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n according_a to_o which_o as_o we_o note_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o letter_n the_o air_n may_v consist_v of_o any_o terrene_a or_o aqueous_a corpuscle_n provide_v they_o be_v keep_v swim_v in_o the_o interfluent_a celestial_a matter_n it_o be_v obvious_a that_o air_n may_v be_v as_o often_o generate_v as_o terrestrial_a particle_n minute_n enough_o to_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o by_o the_o celestial_a matter_n ascend_v into_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o if_o we_o will_v have_v the_o air_n to_o be_v a_o congery_n of_o little_a slender_a spring_n it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a though_o it_o be_v difficult_a that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o divers_a body_n may_v by_o a_o lucky_a concourse_n of_o cause_n be_v so_o connect_v as_o to_o constitute_v such_o little_a spring_n since_o as_o we_o note_v in_o another_o treatise_n water_n in_o the_o plant_n it_o nourish_v be_v usual_o contrive_v into_o springy_a body_n and_o even_o the_o bare_a alter_a position_n and_o connexion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v suffice_v to_o give_v it_o a_o spring_n that_o it_o have_v not_o before_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o thin_a and_o
flexible_a plate_n of_o silver_n unto_o which_o by_o some_o stroke_n of_o a_o hammer_n you_o may_v give_v a_o spring_n and_o by_o only_a heat_n it_o read_v hot_a you_o may_v make_v it_o again_o flexible_a as_o before_o these_o my_o lord_n be_v some_o of_o the_o consideration_n at_o present_a occur_v to_o my_o thought_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v make_v probable_a that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v anew_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o propose_v objection_n against_o these_o as_o well_o as_o against_o what_o have_v be_v represent_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n yet_o have_v already_o almost_o tire_v myself_o and_o i_o fear_v more_o than_o almost_o tire_v your_o lordship_n with_o so_o troublesome_a a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o nature_n of_o bubble_n i_o shall_v willing_o leave_v your_o lordship_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o argument_n allege_v on_o either_o side_n and_o i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o entertain_v you_o so_o long_o concern_v such_o empty_a thing_n as_o the_o bubble_n which_o have_v occasion_v all_o this_o discourse_n but_o that_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o invite_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n with_o i_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o thing_n or_o the_o dimness_n of_o our_o create_a intellect_n which_o yet_o of_o late_a too_o many_o so_o far_o presume_v upon_o as_o either_o to_o deny_v or_o censure_v the_o almighty_a and_o omniscient_a creator_n himself_o and_o to_o learn_v hence_o this_o lesson_n that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o we_o disdainful_o overlook_a as_o obvious_a or_o despicable_a each_o of_o which_o will_v exercise_v our_o understanding_n if_o not_o pose_v they_o too_o if_o we_o will_v but_o attentive_o enough_o consider_v it_o and_o not_o superficial_o contemplate_v but_o attempt_v satisfactory_o to_o explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o 23._o experiment_n 23._o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o twenty_o one_o and_o twenty_o second_o experiment_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v on_o their_o occasion_n deliver_v concern_v bubble_n we_o make_v some_o further_a trial_n in_o prosecution_n of_o the_o same_o inquiry_n whereto_o they_o be_v design_v we_o choose_v then_o among_o those_o glass_n which_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v philosophical_a egg_n one_o that_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v a_o neck_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n at_o the_o top_n and_o as_o we_o guess_v almost_o a_o inch_n at_o the_o bottom_n which_o breadth_n we_o pitch_v upon_o for_o a_o reason_n that_o will_v by_o and_o by_o appear_v then_o fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a so_o that_o the_o upper_a part_n remain_v empty_a we_o shut_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o watch_v what_o will_v follow_v upon_o pump_v which_o prove_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o discover_v themselves_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o increase_a as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v away_o they_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n ascend_v copious_o enough_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o there_o quick_o break_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o glass_n allow_v they_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n they_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n to_o make_v it_o swell_v the_o water_n scarce_o ever_o rise_v at_o all_o above_o the_o mark_n affix_v to_o its_o upper_a surface_n when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o return_n permit_v to_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o consequent_o the_o shrink_n in_o of_o the_o remain_a bubble_n the_o water_n seem_v to_o have_v lose_v of_o its_o first_o extent_n by_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o former_o interspersed_a air._n be_v willing_a likewise_o to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v by_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o minute_n part_n and_o then_o reunite_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o expand_v itself_o then_o water_v not_o distil_v we_o take_v out_o of_o our_o laboratory_n some_o careful_o distil_a rain-water_n and_o put_v about_o two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o very_a small_a neck_n not_o exceed_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n which_o we_o fill_v half_a way_n to_o the_o top_n and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o issue_n be_v that_o though_o we_o draw_v out_o more_o than_o ordinary_a yet_o there_o appear_v not_o the_o least_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o any_o ascend_a bubble_n but_o suspect_v that_o either_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o vessel_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o this_o odd_a phaenomenon_n we_o take_v the_o late_o mention_v philosophical_a egg_n and_o another_o not_o much_o differ_v from_o it_o the_o former_a we_o fill_v up_o with_o distil_a rain-water_n to_o the_o old_a mark_n and_o into_o the_o latter_a we_o put_v a_o long_o cylinder_n or_o rod_n of_o solid_a glass_n to_o straighten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n by_o almost_o fill_v it_o up_o and_o then_o pour_v some_o distil_a water_n into_o that_o also_o till_o it_o reach_v within_o some_o finger_n breadth_n of_o the_o top_n the_o egg_n be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o this_o experiment_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o draw_v forth_o before_o there_o appear_v any_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n that_o the_o disparity_n betwixt_o this_o and_o common_a water_n be_v manifest_a enough_o but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o quite_o pump_v out_o the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o and_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n decrease_v but_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mention_v philosophical_a egg_n the_o bubble_n be_v very_o small_a and_o never_o able_a to_o swell_v the_o water_n that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o at_o all_o above_o the_o mark_n in_o the_o other_o who_o neck_n as_o we_o late_o say_v be_v straighten_v and_o their_o passage_n obstruct_v great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o big_a fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n rammer_n if_o we_o may_v so_o call_v it_o and_o gather_v in_o such_o number_n between_o that_o and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v about_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o mark_n though_o upon_o the_o admit_v of_o the_o external_a air_n it_o relapse_v to_o the_o former_a mark_n or_o rather_o fall_v somewhat_o below_o it_o and_o although_o thereupon_o in_o the_o first_o name_v vessel_n all_o the_o bubble_n present_o disappeared_a yet_o in_o the_o other_o we_o observe_v that_o divers_a remain_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n rammer_n and_o continue_v there_o somewhat_o to_o our_o wonder_n for_o above_o a_o hour_n after_o but_o contract_v in_o their_o dimension_n moreover_o have_v suffer_v the_o glass_n to_o remain_v above_o twenty_o four_o hour_n in_o the_o receiver_n we_o afterward_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n to_o try_v what_o change_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v produce_v in_o the_o water_n after_o the_o internal_a and_o latitant_fw-la air_n have_v as_o be_v above_o recite_v in_o great_a measure_n get_v away_o in_o bubble_n and_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o water_n will_v by_o stand_v re-admit_a any_o new_a particle_n of_o air_n in_o the_o room_n of_o those_o that_o have_v forsake_v it_o but_o though_o we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n very_o diligent_o yet_o we_o scarce_o see_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n notwithstanding_o which_o we_o perceive_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n or_o more_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o glass_n wherein_o the_o solid_a cylinder_n have_v be_v put_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o glass_n not_o sensible_o swell_v and_o last_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o straighten_v neck_n soon_o subside_v to_o the_o mark_n above_o which_o it_o have_v swell_v which_o whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o same_o small_a expansion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o or_o to_o the_o rarifaction_n of_o some_o yet_o latitant_fw-la air_n break_a into_o such_o small_a particle_n as_o to_o escape_v our_o observation_n seem_v not_o easy_o determinable_a without_o such_o further_a trial_n as_o will_v perhaps_o prove_v tedious_a to_o be_v recite_v as_o well_o as_o to_o be_v make_v though_o i_o be_v content_a to_o set_v down_o those_o already_o mention_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o requisite_a it_o be_v in_o nice_a experiment_n to_o consider_v variety_n of_o circumstance_n after_o have_v thus_o discover_v what_o operation_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n have_v upon_o water_n
24._o experiment_n 24._o we_o think_v good_a to_o try_v also_o what_o change_n will_v happen_v in_o other_o liquor_n upon_o the_o like_a take_v off_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air._n we_o take_v â—â—en_o a_o glass_n egg_n somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o turkey_n egg_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n or_o stem_n of_o about_o a_o â…“_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o salad_n oil_n until_o it_o reach_v above_o half_a way_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o enclose_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o common_a water_n in_o a_o resemble_v vessel_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o compare_v together_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o those_o two_o liquor_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o there_o begin_v to_o appear_v bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n much_o soon_o than_o in_o the_o water_n and_o afterward_o they_o also_o ascend_v much_o more_o copious_o in_o the_o former_a liquor_n than_o the_o latter_a nay_o and_o when_o by_o have_v quite_o tire_v the_o pumper_n and_o almost_o our_o own_o patience_n we_o give_v over_o the_o bubble_n rise_v almost_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o as_o great_a number_n as_o ever_o insomuch_o as_o none_o of_o the_o various_a liquor_n we_o try_v either_o before_o or_o since_o seem_v to_o abound_v more_o with_o aerial_a particle_n than_o do_v this_o oil_n in_o which_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o between_o the_o time_n it_o be_v set_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o at_o which_o we_o can_v get_v ready_a to_o pump_n it_o subside_v notable_o by_o guess_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v before_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o this_o express_a oil_n we_o make_v tryâ—â—_n of_o a_o distil_a one_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o common_a oil_n or_o spirit_n for_o in_o the_o shop_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v the_o same_o liquor_n be_v promiscuous_o call_v by_o either_o name_n of_o turpentine_n because_o it_o be_v only_o of_o that_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n which_o be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n so_o as_o to_o fill_v it_o to_o about_o two_o inch_n from_o the_o top_n do_v upon_o the_o evacuate_n of_o the_o receiver_n present_v we_o with_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n most_o of_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n expanded_a themselves_o exceed_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o make_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o neck_n to_o swell_v so_o much_o by_o degree_n that_o at_o length_n it_o divers_a time_n run_v over_o at_o the_o top_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o be_v hinder_v from_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n how_o much_o the_o subsidence_n of_o the_o oil_n below_o the_o first_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o bubble_n have_v likewise_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o as_o strong_a a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n in_o fair_a water_n as_o can_v be_v make_v we_o have_v then_o no_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la at_o hand_n though_o it_o be_v account_v quicksilver_n except_v the_o heavy_a of_o liquor_n will_v afford_v we_o any_o bubble_n we_o put_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n full_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o other_o liquor_n and_o find_v that_o they_o do_v long_o yield_v store_n of_o bubble_n before_o any_o discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o liquor_n of_o tartar_n and_o have_v pursue_v the_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o of_o all_o the_o liquor_n we_o make_v trial_n of_o this_o afford_v the_o few_o and_o the_o small_a bubble_n spirit_n of_o vinager_n be_v try_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n exhibit_v a_o moderate_a number_n of_o bubble_n but_o scarce_o any_o thing_n else_o worth_a the_o mention_v nor_o can_v we_o in_o red_a wine_n try_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n very_o observable_a for_o though_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o this_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v in_o shoal_n and_o shift_v place_n among_o themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n yet_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v scarce_o at_o all_o sensible_a the_o bubble_n most_o common_o break_v very_o soon_o after_o their_o arrival_n at_o the_o top_n where_o during_o their_o stay_n they_o compose_v a_o kind_n of_o shallow_a froth_n which_o alone_o appear_v high_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n than_o be_v the_o wine_n when_o it_o be_v first_o let_v down_o neither_o yet_o do_v milk_n convey_v into_o our_o pneumatical_a vessel_n present_v we_o with_o any_o thing_n memorable_a save_v that_o as_o it_o seem_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o unctuousness_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o bubble_n not_o easy_o break_v at_o the_o top_n and_o thrust_v up_o one_o another_o make_v the_o intumescence_n appear_v much_o great_a than_o that_o of_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o convey_v hen_n egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o after_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n take_v they_o out_o whole_a again_o that_o which_o invite_v we_o to_o put_v they_o in_o be_v that_o as_o perhaps_o we_o mention_v in_o other_o paper_n we_o have_v among_o other_o experiment_n of_o cold_a make_v egg_n burst_v by_o freeze_v they_o within_o door_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o ice_n into_o which_o the_o aqueous_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v turn_v by_o the_o cold_a so_o distend_v probable_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerous_a bubble_n wont_a to_o be_v observable_a in_o ice_n the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n that_o it_o usual_o crack_v the_o shell_n though_o the_o inner_a membrane_n that_o involve_v the_o several_a liquor_n of_o the_o egg_n because_o it_o will_v stretch_v and_o yield_v remain_v unbroken_a and_o hereupon_o we_o imagine_v that_o in_o our_o engine_n it_o may_v appear_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v any_o considerable_a spring_n either_o in_o any_o of_o the_o liquor_n or_o in_o any_o other_o more_o spirituous_a substance_n include_v in_o the_o egg_n we_o take_v also_o some_o spirit_n of_o urine_n careless_o enough_o deflegm_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o same_o glass_n first_o careful_o scour_v and_o cleanse_v wherein_o we_o have_v put_v the_o oyl-olive_n above_o mention_v we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n differ_v from_o a_o glass_n egg_n only_o in_o that_o its_o bottom_n be_v flat_a and_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o about_o 2_o 5_o of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v wide_a than_o that_o of_o the_o egg_n with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n egg_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o pour_v to_o it_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o inch_n high_o these_o three_o glass_n have_v mark_n set_v on_o they_o over_o against_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o beginning_n to_o be_v evacuate_v the_o bubble_n in_o all_o the_o three_o liquor_n begin_v to_o appear_v the_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n disclose_v a_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n especial_o towards_o the_o top_n but_o scarce_o afford_v we_o any_o thing_n worth_n remember_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n appear_v to_o swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n and_o beside_o that_o send_v forth_o store_n of_o bubble_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o froth_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o and_o above_o that_o spume_n there_o appear_v eight_o or_o ten_o great_a bubble_n one_o above_o another_o in_o a_o very_a decent_a order_n each_o of_o they_o constitute_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cylinder_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n high_a and_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o internal_a cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n so_o that_o all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n for_o these_o bubble_n reach_v to_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o almost_o equal_a part_n by_o certain_a diaphragme_n consist_v of_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o bubble_n who_o edge_n appear_v like_o so_o many_o ring_n suspend_v one_o above_o another_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o bubble_n even_o till_o weariness_n do_v make_v we_o give_v over_o the_o experiment_n and_o in_o these_o bubble_n two_o or_o three_o thing_n be_v remarkable_a as_o first_o that_o they_o ascend_v with_o a_o very_a notable_a celerity_n next_o that_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o top_n they_o make_v no_o stay_n there_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a thinness_n and_o spirituousness_n of_o the_o liquor_n do_v before_o they_o break_v lift_v up_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o it_o and_o for_o a_o moment_n or_o two_o form_n thereof_o a_o thin_a
film_n or_o skin_n which_o appear_v protuberant_a above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o superficies_n like_o a_o small_a hemisphere_n three_o that_o they_o ascend_v straight_o up_o whereas_o those_o produce_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n contain_v the_o mixture_n of_o the_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ascend_v with_o a_o waver_a or_o wriggle_v motion_n whereby_o they_o describe_v a_o indent_a line_n last_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o like_a in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n late_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o the_o bubble_n seem_v to_o rise_v from_o certain_a determinate_a place_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o that_o in_o their_o ascension_n they_o keep_v a_o almost_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o a_o certain_a order_n whereby_o they_o seem_v part_n of_o small_a bracelet_n consist_v of_o equal_o little_a incontiguous_a bead_n the_o low_a end_n of_o each_o bracelet_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o certain_a poâ—nt_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n be_v spare_o let_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o great_a bubble_n former_o mention_v as_o incumbent_n upon_o one_o another_o in_o that_o glass_n that_o contain_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v by_o orderly_a degree_n lessen_v till_o at_o length_n they_o whole_o subside_v notwithstanding_o the_o recess_n of_o so_o many_o bubble_n as_o break_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o experiment_n yet_o it_o scarce_o appear_v at_o all_o to_o be_v sink_v below_o the_o mark_n nor_o do_v the_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n considerable_o subside_o but_o that_o be_v nothing_o to_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o not_o only_o it_o conspicuous_o expanded_a itself_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o notwithstanding_o the_o largeness_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v about_o to_o break_v at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o almost_o assoon_o as_o they_o arrive_v there_o but_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o external_a air_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n retain_v its_o new_o acquire_v expansion_n and_o though_o we_o let_v it_o alone_o for_o near_o a_o hour_n together_o in_o expectation_n that_o it_o may_v subside_o yet_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v it_o still_o swell_v between_o a_o quarter_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n above_o the_o mark_n and_o although_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o imaginable_a how_o this_o phaenomenon_n can_v proceed_v from_o any_o mistake_n in_o try_v the_o experiment_n yet_o the_o strangeness_n of_o it_o invite_v i_o to_o repeat_v it_o with_o fresh_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o swell_v in_o the_o neck_n as_o former_o i_o leave_v all_o night_n in_o the_o receiver_n allow_v free_a access_n to_o the_o external_a air_n at_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o the_o next_o day_n find_v it_o still_o expanded_a as_o before_o save_v that_o it_o seem_v a_o little_a low_o which_o decrement_n perhaps_o proceed_v from_o the_o avolation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o fugitive_a part_n of_o so_o volatile_a a_o liquor_n and_o for_o better_a satisfaction_n have_v take_v out_o the_o glass_n and_o consider_v it_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o at_o a_o window_n i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v any_o remain_a bubble_n that_o can_v occasion_v the_o persevere_v and_o admire_v expansion_n be_v desirous_a to_o discover_v what_o difference_n there_o may_v be_v as_o to_o gravity_n and_o levity_n 25._o experiment_n 25._o between_o air_n expanded_a under_o water_n and_o itself_o before_o such_o expansion_n we_o take_v two_o very_o small_a viol_n such_o as_o chemical_a essence_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o and_o of_o the_o size_n and_o shape_n express_v by_o the_o 8_o figure_n into_o one_o of_o these_o we_o put_v so_o much_o of_o a_o certain_a ponderous_a mercurial_a mixture_n happen_v to_o be_v then_o at_o hand_n that_o the_o mouth_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o little_a soft_a wax_n the_o glass_n will_v just_o sink_v in_o water_n and_o no_o more_o this_o we_o let_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o wide-mouthed_a crystal_n jar_v fill_v with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n and_o into_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o sink_v the_o other_o essence_n glass_n unstop_v with_o as_o much_o water_n in_o it_o as_o be_v more_o than_o sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o subside_o both_o these_o sink_v with_o their_o mouth_n downward_o the_o former_a be_v about_o three_o quarter_n full_a of_o air_n the_o latter_a contain_n in_o it_o a_o bubble_n of_o air_n that_o be_v guess_v to_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o half_a a_o pea_n this_o do_v the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o way_n of_o employ_v the_o engine_n be_v careful_o make_v use_n of_o the_o success_n be_v that_o have_v draw_v out_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o air_n the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o though_o for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o swarm_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o hasty_o break_v at_o the_o top_n yet_o we_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n so_o long_o without_o see_v any_o effect_n wrought_v upon_o the_o essence_n bottle_n that_o we_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o see_v either_o of_o they_o rise_v but_o continue_v to_o ply_v the_o pump_n that_o little_a glass_n who_o mouth_n be_v open_v come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o thither_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n that_o have_v fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o side_n of_o it_o swim_v thus_o with_o the_o mouth_n downward_o we_o can_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o internal_a air_n above_o mention_v have_v much_o delate_a itself_o and_o thereby_o seem_v to_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o emerge_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o remain_v float_v notwithstanding_o the_o break_n and_o vanish_v of_o most_o of_o the_o contiguous_a bubble_n be_v hereby_o encourage_v to_o persist_v in_o pump_v we_o observe_v with_o some_o pleasure_n that_o at_o each_o time_n we_o turn_v the_o key_n the_o air_n in_o the_o little_a glass_n do_v manifest_o expand_v itself_o and_o thrust_v out_o the_o water_n general_o retain_v a_o very_a protuberant_a surface_n where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o remain_a water_n and_o when_o after_o divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o little_a viol_n so_o dilate_v itself_o as_o to_o expel_v almost_o all_o the_o water_n it_o turn_v up_o its_o mouth_n towards_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o jar_n and_o there_o deliver_v a_o large_a bubble_n and_o then_o relapse_v into_o its_o former_a float_a posture_n and_o this_o experiment_n teach_v we_o among_o other_o thing_n that_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o more_o time_n and_o labour_n than_o we_o imagine_v to_o exhaust_v our_o engine_n as_o much_o as_o it_o may_v be_v exhaust_v for_o although_o before_o the_o emerge_n of_o the_o small_a viol_n we_o do_v as_o have_v be_v touch_v already_o think_v we_o have_v very_o considerable_o empty_v the_o receiver_n because_o there_o seem_v to_o come_v out_o but_o very_o little_a or_o almost_o no_o sensible_a air_n at_o each_o exsuction_n into_o and_o out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n yet_o afterward_o at_o each_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o viol_n do_v manifest_o dilate_v itself_o so_o long_o that_o it_o do_v no_o less_o than_o nine_o time_n turn_v its_o mouth_n upward_o and_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n by_o conjecture_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pea_n after_o the_o manner_n new_o recite_v but_o as_o for_o that_o viol_n which_o have_v the_o weight_n in_o it_o it_o rise_v not_o at_o all_o so_o that_o be_v not_o able_a by_o quick_a pump_v to_o gain_v another_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n in_o the_o swim_a glass_n which_o proceed_v from_o some_o small_a leak_n in_o the_o vessel_n though_o it_o hold_v in_o this_o experiment_n more_o staunch_a than_o be_v usual_a we_o think_v fit_a to_o let_v in_o leisurely_o the_o air_n from_o without_o upon_o who_o admission_n that_o within_o the_o viol_n shrink_v into_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n the_o glass_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v fall_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o jar._n but_o be_v desirous_a before_o we_o proceed_v to_o any_o new_a experiment_n to_o try_v once_o more_o whether_o the_o little_a glass_n that_o have_v the_o weight_n in_o it_o may_v not_o also_o be_v raise_v after_o we_o have_v suffer_v the_o engine_n to_o remain_v close_v as_o it_o be_v for_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n the_o pump_n be_v again_o ply_v with_o so_o
much_o obstinacy_n that_o not_o only_o about_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o jar_n there_o appear_v a_o good_a number_n of_o bubble_n but_o very_o much_o small_a than_o those_o we_o see_v the_o first_o time_n but_o afterward_o there_o come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o jar_n bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o small_a pea_n which_o the_o pump_n be_v still_o keep_v go_v follow_v one_o another_o to_o the_o number_n of_o forty_o come_v from_o the_o stop_v viol_n who_o mouth_n it_o seem_v have_v not_o be_v shut_v so_o strong_o and_o close_o but_o that_o the_o include_v air_n dilate_v itself_o by_o its_o own_o spring_n make_v itself_o some_o little_a passage_n betwixt_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o glass_n and_o get_v away_o in_o these_o bubble_n after_o which_o the_o unstopped_a glass_n begin_v to_o float_v again_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o it_o be_v manifest_o so_o dilate_v as_o to_o expel_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o break_v quite_o thorough_a and_o at_o length_n when_o our_o expectation_n of_o it_o be_v almost_o tire_v out_o the_o heavy_a of_o the_o two_o viol_n begin_v to_o come_v aloft_o and_o immediate_o to_o subside_o again_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o air_n within_o it_o who_o bulk_n and_o spring_n be_v weaken_a by_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o forty_o bubble_n beforementioned_a it_o be_v no_o long_o able_a as_o former_o to_o break_v forcible_o through_o the_o incumbent_a water_n but_o form_v a_o bubble_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n boy_v it_o up_o towards_o the_o top_n and_o there_o get_v away_o leave_v it_o to_o sink_v again_o till_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v further_o take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o viol_n be_v permit_v to_o expand_v itself_o further_a and_o to_o create_v another_o bubble_n by_o which_o it_o be_v again_o for_o a_o while_o carry_v up_o and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o after_o have_v empty_v the_o receiver_n as_o far_o as_o well_o we_o can_v we_o cease_v from_o pump_v yet_o the_o vessel_n continue_v more_o staunch_a than_o it_o be_v wont_a this_o ascent_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v repeat_v to_o the_o nine_o time_n the_o include_v air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o vent_n at_o which_o it_o must_v pass_v out_o be_v not_o able_a to_o get_v away_o otherwise_o then_o little_a by_o little_a and_o consequent_o in_o divers_a such_o parcel_n as_o be_v able_a to_o constitute_v bubble_n each_o of_o they_o big_a enough_o to_o raise_v the_o viol_n and_o keep_v it_o aloft_o until_o the_o avolation_n of_o that_o bubble_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o grand_a rule_n in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n in_o case_n it_o be_v light_a than_o as_o much_o of_o that_o water_n that_o equal_v it_o in_o bulk_n will_v hold_v likewise_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v in_o very_o great_a measure_n if_o not_o when_o it_o be_v total_o take_v off_o from_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o body_n though_o it_o be_v worth_a inquire_v what_o it_o be_v that_o so_o plentiful_o concur_v to_o fill_v the_o bubble_n make_v in_o our_o experiment_n by_o the_o so_o much_o expanded_a air_n for_o to_o say_v with_o the_o old_a peripatetic_a school_n that_o the_o air_n in_o rarefaction_n may_v acquire_v a_o new_a extent_n without_o the_o admission_n of_o any_o new_a substance_n will_v be_v a_o account_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n very_o much_o out_o of_o date_n and_o which_o i_o suppose_v our_o modern_a naturalist_n will_v neither_o give_v nor_o acquiess_n in_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o in_o this_o experiment_n as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o do_v soon_o precipitate_a the_o float_a viol._n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o note_n that_o congruous_o to_o what_o have_v be_v above_o record_v of_o the_o vast_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o heavy_a viol_n succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o those_o forty_o odd_a if_o not_o fifty_o great_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o at_o several_a time_n get_v out_o of_o it_o amount_v but_o to_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a bigness_n 26._o experiment_n 26._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o those_o that_o have_v consider_v what_o belong_v to_o pendulum_n a_o speculation_n that_o may_v in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n be_v high_o useful_a to_o the_o naturalist_n that_o their_o vibration_n be_v more_o slow_o make_v and_o that_o their_o motion_n last_v less_o in_o a_o thick_a then_o in_o a_o thin_a medium_fw-la we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v if_o a_o pendulum_n will_v swing_n fast_o or_o continue_v swing_v long_o in_o our_o receiver_n in_o case_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n than_o otherwise_o wherefore_o we_o take_v a_o couple_n of_o round_a and_o polish_a pendulum_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n of_o equal_a bigness_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v get_v the_o artificer_n to_o make_v they_o and_o weigh_v each_o of_o they_o twenty_o dragmes_fw-la want_v as_o many_o grain_n one_o of_o these_o we_o suspend_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n by_o a_o very_a slender_a silken_a string_n of_o about_o seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n from_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v then_o by_o incline_v the_o engine_n we_o make_v the_o pendulum_n swing_v too_o and_o â—ro_o in_o it_o and_o describe_v as_o long_a arch_n as_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o so_o brittle_a a_o vessel_n we_o think_v safe_a and_o convenient_a and_o one_o of_o the_o assistant_n tell_v the_o recursion_n of_o the_o other_o pendulum_n hang_v in_o the_o free_a air_n by_o a_o string_n of_o about_o the_o same_o length_n we_o shorten_v and_o lengthen_v this_o other_o pendulum_n till_o it_o appear_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o pace_n in_o its_o vibration_n with_o that_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n then_o have_v careful_o draw_v away_o the_o air_n we_o do_v again_o set_v the_o pendulum_n in_o the_o receiver_n a_o vibrate_n and_o give_v the_o other_o pendulum_n such_o a_o motion_n as_o make_v it_o describe_v a_o arch_n according_a to_o one_o guess_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o include_v pendulum_n we_o reckon_v one_o of_o we_o the_o recursion_n of_o that_o pendulum_n which_o be_v swing_v within_o the_o receiver_n and_o another_o of_o we_o that_o which_o be_v move_v in_o that_o which_o one_o will_v think_v a_o much_o more_o resist_a medium_n the_o air._n but_o once_o one_o of_o we_o reckon_v near_o two_o and_o twenty_o recursion_n of_o the_o include_v pendulum_n whilst_o the_o other_o reckon_v but_o twenty_o of_o the_o pendulum_n that_o vibrate_v without_o and_o another_o time_n also_o the_o former_a of_o these_o pendula_fw-la be_v reckon_v to_o have_v make_v one_o and_o twenty_o recursion_n wherein_o the_o other_o make_v but_o twenty_o yet_o this_o experiment_n seem_v to_o teach_v we_o little_a save_v that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o a_o pendulum_n in_o the_o common_a air_n and_o in_o one_o exceed_o rarify_v be_v scarce_o sensible_a in_o vessel_n no_o big_a than_o our_o receiver_n especial_o since_o though_o during_o this_o experiment_n it_o hold_v very_o well_o yet_o we_o can_v not_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v altogether_o devoid_a of_o air._n we_o observe_v also_o that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a of_o air_n the_o include_v pendulum_n continue_v its_o recursion_n about_o fifteen_o minute_n or_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n before_o it_o leave_v off_o swing_v and_o that_o after_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o vibration_n of_o the_o same_o pendulum_n be_v fresh_a put_v into_o motion_n appear_v not_o by_o a_o minute_n watch_n to_o last_v sensible_o long_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v other_o than_o we_o expect_v scarce_o afford_v we_o any_o other_o satisfaction_n then_o that_o of_o our_o not_o have_v omit_v to_o try_v it_o and_o whether_o in_o case_n the_o trial_n be_v make_v with_o a_o pendulum_n much_o less_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o air_n than_o steel_n be_v the_o event_n will_v much_o better_a answer_n expectation_n experience_n may_v be_v consult_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_n whereby_o sound_n be_v convey_v to_o the_o ear_n 27._o experiment_n 27._o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n but_o this_o receive_a opinion_n have_v be_v of_o late_o oppose_v by_o some_o philosopher_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o experiment_n make_v by_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v as_o they_o assure_v we_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n with_o a_o steel_n clapper_n be_v
a_o instrument_n shut_v up_o into_o our_o receiver_n will_v when_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v suck_v out_o at_o all_o tremble_v if_o in_o another_o instrument_n hold_v close_o to_o it_o but_o without_o the_o receiver_n a_o string_n tune_v as_o musician_n speak_v how_o proper_o i_o now_o examine_v not_o to_o a_o unison_n with_o it_o be_v brisk_o touch_v and_o set_v a_o vibrate_n this_o i_o say_v we_o purpose_v to_o try_v to_o see_v how_o the_o motion_n make_v in_o the_o air_n without_o will_v be_v propagate_v through_o the_o cavity_n of_o our_o evacuated_a receiver_n but_o when_o the_o instrument_n wherewith_o the_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v make_v come_v to_o be_v employ_v it_o prove_v too_o big_a to_o go_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a vessel_n and_o we_o have_v not_o now_o the_o conveniency_n to_o have_v a_o fit_a make_v we_o think_v likewise_o to_o convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o long_a and_o slender_a pair_n of_o bellows_o make_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o those_o usual_o 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be_v so_o firm_o fasten_v by_o bind_v and_o cement_n or_o otherwise_o to_o the_o glass_n and_o to_o each_o other_o that_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o the_o condense_v air_n blow_v of_o either_o of_o they_o away_o or_o its_o break_n through_o the_o juncture_n these_o thought_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o be_v say_v we_o entertain_v but_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n as_o of_o as_o good_a receiver_n as_o we_o to_o substitute_n in_o its_o place_n in_o case_n we_o shall_v break_v it_o before_o we_o learn_v the_o skill_n of_o condence_v the_o air_n in_o it_o we_o dare_v not_o put_v they_o in_o practice_n yet_o on_o this_o occasion_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o advertise_v your_o lordship_n once_o for_o all_o that_o though_o for_o the_o reason_n new_o intimate_v we_o have_v only_o in_o the_o seventeen_o experiment_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o engine_n the_o air_n may_v be_v condense_v as_o well_o as_o rarify_v yet_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o experiment_n who_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v to_o vary_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o air._n 28._o experiment_n 28._o we_o teach_v among_o divers_a other_o thing_n when_o we_o discourse_v of_o our_o first_o experiment_n that_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o our_o receiver_n press_v as_o strong_o upon_o the_o body_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n that_o this_o be_v not_o inconsiderate_o propound_v we_o hope_v your_o lordship_n have_v gather_v from_o divers_a of_o the_o thing_n already_o recite_v but_o yet_o perhaps_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v by_o way_n of_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o shall_v have_v accompany_v the_o 20_o but_o the_o paper_n where_o in_o the_o one_o be_v write_v chanc_fw-la do_v not_o to_o be_v at_o hand_n when_o the_o other_o be_v send_v away_o we_o convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o new_a glass_n viol._n capable_a of_o hold_v about_o 6_o or_o 7_o ounce_n of_o water_n into_o which_o we_o have_v before_o put_v 2_o or_o 3_o spoonfuls_a of_o that_o liquor_n and_o stop_v it_o close_o with_o a_o fit_a cork_n the_o pneumatical_a vessel_n be_v empty_v there_o appear_v not_o any_o change_n in_o the_o enclose_v water_n the_o air_n imprison_v with_o it_o not_o have_v the_o force_n to_o blow_v out_o the_o stopple_n which_o event_n though_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o we_o expect_v be_v differ_v from_o what_o we_o desire_v for_o we_o will_v glad_o have_v see_v what_o change_n will_v have_v appear_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o bottle_n be_v sudden_o unstop_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n be_v so_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a air._n wherefore_o we_o do_v again_o put_v in_o the_o viol_n but_o less_o strong_o close_v then_o former_o though_o as_o strong_o stop_v as_o seem_v requisite_a on_o ordinary_a occasion_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o 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trice_n appear_v so_o numerous_a and_o ascend_v so_o swift_o in_o the_o water_n that_o their_o motion_n look_v like_o that_o of_o a_o violent_a shower_n of_o rain_n save_v that_o the_o bubble_n do_v not_o like_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n tend_v downward_o but_o upward_o which_o make_v i_o resemble_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o what_o i_o have_v see_v happen_v in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o seed-pearl_n in_o some_o acid_a menstruum_fw-la in_o which_o if_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o little_a pearl_n be_v cast_v whole_a they_o will_v at_o first_o if_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v sharp_a enough_o be_v carry_v in_o swarm_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n we_o will_v add_v that_o without_o seal_v up_o the_o
glass_n this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n for_o there_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n may_v be_v perform_v so_o nimble_o that_o immediate_o the_o bubble_n lurk_v in_o the_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o display_v themselves_o and_o ascend_v in_o throng_n insomuch_o as_o have_v in_o such_o a_o receiver_n try_v the_o experiment_n with_o wine_n as_o a_o more_o spirituous_a liquor_n instead_o of_o water_n the_o red-wine_n appear_v all_o cover_v with_o a_o copious_a but_o vanish_v white_a froth_n almost_o as_o if_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o bottled_a drink_n have_v be_v unwary_o open_v it_o may_v not_o a_o little_a conduce_v to_o the_o clear_a explication_n of_o divers_a point_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o meteor_n 29._o experiment_n 29._o and_o perhaps_o of_o some_o other_o physiological_a difficulty_n to_o discover_v what_o the_o air_n do_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o steam_n or_o exhalation_n that_o ascend_v into_o it_o namely_o whether_o they_o mount_v upward_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o positive_a levity_n as_o some_o peripatetic_n speak_v acquire_v together_o with_o their_o aërial_a nature_n as_o inable_v they_o to_o pierce_v through_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o overcome_v its_o resistance_n or_o else_o whether_o these_o steam_n be_v once_o raise_v above_o the_o earth_n by_o their_o agitation_n have_v their_o ascent_n and_o sustentation_n aloft_o rather_o promote_v then_o hinder_v by_o the_o air_n as_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o that_o be_v thick_a and_o heavy_a than_o the_o superior_a the_o steam_n can_v more_o easy_o continue_v for_o a_o while_o their_o agitation_n upward_o then_o downward_o and_o afterward_o be_v by_o the_o same_o fluidity_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o it_o and_o keep_v from_o relapse_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o saline_a part_n be_v keep_v from_o subside_v by_o those_o aqueous_a one_o wherewith_o they_o be_v associate_v we_o hope_v to_o illustrate_v this_o matter_n by_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o smoke_n proceed_v from_o kindle_a or_o flame_a body_n in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n but_o as_o we_o former_o note_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o smoke_n of_o those_o body_n present_o cease_v we_o have_v thought_n also_o of_o convey_v into_o our_o pneumatical_a glass_n a_o â—ot_n iron_n with_o some_o body_n easy_a to_o be_v dissipate_v into_o smoke_n set_v upon_o it_o but_o consider_v that_o neither_o be_v that_o way_n free_a from_o inconvenience_n especial_o this_o that_o the_o hot_a body_n will_v make_v the_o imprison_v air_n circulate_a within_o the_o receiver_n and_o consequent_o make_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o steam_n will_v not_o be_v due_a to_o the_o new_a and_o acquire_v motion_n of_o the_o air._n wherefore_o i_o bethink_v myself_o of_o another_o way_n to_o satisfy_v in_o some_o measure_n my_o curiosity_n to_o wit_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o i_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o some_o year_n ago_o i_o have_v for_o a_o design_n that_o belong_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n prepare_v which_o i_o suppose_v i_o show_v your_o lordship_n and_o which_o have_v the_o luck_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o divers_a very_o ingenious_a and_o famous_a men._n for_o this_o liquor_n though_o most_o of_o its_o ingredient_n be_v metal_n and_o all_o of_o they_o ponderous_a enough_o be_v yet_o of_o that_o nature_n that_o whilst_o the_o viol_n wherein_o it_o be_v keep_v be_v stop_v how_o slight_a a_o cover_n soever_o both_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v transparent_a and_o so_o be_v that_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n reach_v not_o but_o assoon_o as_o ever_o the_o stopple_n be_v take_v out_o and_o full_a access_n be_v give_v to_o the_o external_a air_n both_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o liquor_n itself_o do_v present_o send_v upward_o and_o scatter_v abroad_o a_o fume_n as_o thick_a and_o white_a as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o alablaster-dust_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n and_o this_o smoke_n of_o the_o liquor_n last_v till_o my_o unwillingness_n to_o waste_v it_o invite_v i_o stop_v it_o again_o and_o then_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o fume_n sudden_o cease_v till_o the_o viol_n be_v again_o unstopped_a this_o fume_a liquor_n than_o i_o think_v will_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n i_o desire_v to_o make_v since_o it_o save_v i_o the_o need_n of_o convey_v any_o hot_a body_n with_o it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o will_v not_o darken_v it_o with_o fume_n before_o the_o time_n wherefore_o have_v tie_v to_o the_o viol_n a_o great_a weight_n oâ—_n lead_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o cork_n and_o have_v tie_v to_o the_o stopple_n one_o end_n of_o a_o string_n of_o which_o the_o other_o end_n be_v make_v fast_o to_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o pneumatical_a glass_n the_o liquor_n be_v careful_o close_v up_o after_o the_o wont_a manner_n than_o the_o air_n be_v diligent_o pump_v out_o the_o viol_n be_v unstop_v in_o the_o empty_v receiver_n and_o though_o immediate_o upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o cork_n there_o appear_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v throw_v up_o some_o white_a fume_n which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n before_o imprison_v in_o the_o viol_n and_o diffuse_v itself_o sudden_o into_o the_o capicity_n of_o the_o receiver_n yet_o we_o afterward_o observe_v as_o we_o expect_v that_o the_o fume_n do_v not_o mount_v and_o disperse_v themselves_o as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n but_o that_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o continue_v their_o motion_n in_o so_o narrow_a a_o space_n as_o the_o viol_n afford_v they_o and_o be_v therefore_o reduce_v to_o thrust_v one_o another_o out_o of_o it_o when_o i_o say_v by_o these_o assistance_n the_o fume_n be_v ascend_v to_o the_o lip_n of_o the_o viol_n they_o mount_v no_o high_o but_o run_v down_o along_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o viol_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o thence_o along_o a_o long_a and_o incline_a piece_n of_o lead_n on_o which_o the_o viol_n rest_v like_o a_o little_a stream_n not_o very_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n who_o nature_n it_o seem_v to_o emulate_v so_o well_o that_o it_o quit_v not_o the_o viol_n till_o it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o then_o forsake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o a_o stream_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n will_v have_v do_v and_o this_o stream_n last_v a_o pretty_a while_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v last_v long_o but_o that_o be_v loath_a to_o waste_v my_o liquor_n i_o let_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o the_o external_a air_n notwithstanding_o which_o find_v after_o a_o while_n the_o stream_n do_v run_v afresh_o though_o as_o it_o seem_v not_o altogether_o so_o copious_a as_o before_o i_o let_v as_o much_o more_o air_n as_o will_v come_v in_o and_o find_v somewhat_o to_o my_o wonder_n that_o though_o the_o stream_n former_o mention_v disappeared_a yet_o there_o appear_v not_o any_o white_a fume_n to_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o cork_n or_o out_o of_o the_o viol_n itself_o no_o not_o when_o the_o cover_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o receiver_n though_o not_o only_o after_o a_o while_n there_o ascend_v white_a fume_n from_o the_o receiver_n but_o have_v forthwith_o take_v out_o the_o viol_n into_o the_o open_a air_n it_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n as_o before_o and_o have_v present_o after_o unstopped_a it_o in_o a_o open_a window_n we_o find_v both_o it_o and_o the_o cork_n immediate_o to_o send_v forth_o a_o yet_o much_o more_o plentiful_a smoke_n though_o it_o be_v now_o divers_a year_n since_o this_o numerical_a liquor_n be_v prepare_v after_o the_o manner_n mention_v either_o by_o carneiade_n or_o eleutherius_fw-la for_o i_o do_v not_o well_o remember_v which_o in_o those_o dialogue_n concern_v heat_n and_o flame_n that_o have_v above_o be_v mention_v more_o circumstance_n concern_v these_o fume_n we_o may_v have_v observe_v have_v we_o not_o be_v deter_v by_o a_o indisposition_n in_o point_n of_o health_n from_o have_v much_o to_o do_v with_o steam_n of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o nature_n as_o by_o that_o of_o the_o ingredient_n of_o this_o liquor_n these_o seem_v likely_a to_o be_v of_o the_o reflection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v upon_o this_o experiment_n we_o have_v not_o now_o the_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v and_o therefore_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o to_o recommend_v the_o several_a circumstance_n of_o it_o to_o your_o lordship_n serious_a consideration_n and_o to_o take_v notice_n en_fw-fr passant_a
that_o steam_v in_o a_o ambient_fw-la body_n or_o a_o medium_n thin_a than_o themselves_o may_v both_o tend_v downward_o and_o otherwise_o emulate_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o therefore_o point_n at_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v the_o less_o strange_a if_o we_o sometime_o speak_v of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o liquor_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o more_o thin_a and_o subtle_a celestial_a matter_n that_o surround_v it_o and_o though_o it_o may_v perchance_o suffice_v to_o have_v on_o this_o occasion_n intimate_v thus_o much_o yet_o lest_o this_o way_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o atmosphere_n shall_v be_v think_v too_o bold_a and_o extravagant_a i_o be_o content_a to_o borrow_v a_o experiment_n of_o the_o discourse_n former_o mention_v touch_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n and_o subjoin_v it_o here_o with_o alteration_n suitable_a to_o the_o contrivance_n of_o our_o engine_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o because_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o may_v have_v be_v annex_v to_o what_o have_v be_v note_v either_o upon_o the_o first_o or_o eighteen_o experiment_n but_o that_o when_o they_o be_v write_v and_o send_v away_o it_o come_v not_o into_o my_o mind_n the_o experiment_n then_o as_o we_o try_v in_o our_o engine_n be_v as_o follow_v 30._o experiment_n 30._o we_o take_v one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n often_o mention_v already_o and_o into_o it_o we_o convey_v a_o piece_n of_o well_o light_v match_n and_o let_v it_o remain_v there_o till_o it_o have_v fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o smoke_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o hasty_o close_v again_o the_o receiver_n that_o the_o smoke_n may_v not_o get_v away_o then_o stay_v awhile_o to_o let_v these_o fume_n leisurely_o subside_o we_o find_v as_o we_o expect_v that_o after_o some_o time_n they_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o low_a half_o of_o the_o receiver_n in_o a_o darkish_a body_n leave_v the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o receiver_n transparent_a and_o as_o to_o sight_n full_a of_o nought_o but_o clear_a air._n now_o to_o manifest_v that_o this_o smoke_n thus_o settle_v emulate_v a_o liquor_n we_o incline_v the_o engine_n that_o contain_v it_o sometime_o to_o one_o side_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o other_o and_o observe_v the_o smoke_n to_o keep_v its_o surface_n almost_o horizontal_a notwithstanding_o the_o stoop_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o hold_v it_o as_o water_n or_o another_o liquor_n will_v in_o the_o like_a case_n have_v do_v and_o if_o by_o a_o quick_a rock_n of_o the_o engine_n the_o smoke_n be_v more_o swift_o shake_v it_o will_v like_o water_n either_o vibrate_v to_o and_o fro_o from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o glass_n or_o else_o have_v its_o surface_n manifest_o curl_a with_o wave_n but_o preserve_v its_o self_n in_o a_o entire_a and_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o incumbent_a air_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o rest_n awhile_o will_v soon_o recover_v its_o former_a smooth_a and_o level_a superficies_n if_o also_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v and_o the_o valve_n unstop_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o free_a though_o but_o a_o narrow_a passage_n open_v betwixt_o the_o external_a air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n then_o will_v some_o of_o this_o smoke_n fall_v down_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o stream_n into_o the_o subjacent_a cylinder_n and_o a_o proportionate_a quantity_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v through_o it_o into_o the_o incumbent_a air_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o you_o invert_v a_o viol_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o well_o fill_v with_o red-wine_n into_o a_o glass_n full_a of_o fair_a water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n and_o wine_n by_o degree_n mingle_v with_o one_o another_o the_o one_o fall_v down_o as_o it_o be_v in_o little_a colour_a stream_n and_o the_o other_o ascend_v into_o its_o room_n in_o the_o like_a curl_a stream_n sometime_o precede_v by_o round_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o transparency_n look_v almost_o like_a bubble_n the_o other_o circumstance_n of_o this_o experiment_n belong_v not_o all_o of_o they_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o which_o seem_v the_o most_o important_a and_o may_v illustrate_v and_o confirm_v some_o thing_n former_o deliver_v and_o it_o be_v that_o if_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o our_o smoke_n lie_v smooth_a and_o horizontal_a a_o hot_a iron_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o include_v fume_n for_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o very_o much_o alter_v their_o former_a superficies_n be_v rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n will_v ready_o ascend_v in_o a_o large_a pillar_n of_o smoke_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o receiver_n yet_o without_o seem_v to_o loose_v a_o distinct_a superficies_n or_o to_o be_v confound_v with_o air_n below_o which_o upon_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o adventitious_a heat_n that_o by_o agitate_v it_o impel_v it_o upward_o it_o will_v again_o subside_o all_o which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o late_a experiment_n of_o the_o smoke_a liquor_n and_o to_o what_o may_v be_v from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v gather_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n will_n i_o hope_v keep_v it_o at_o least_o from_o appear_v absurd_a if_o since_o we_o see_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o inequality_n in_o the_o density_n and_o weight_n of_o liquor_n that_o water_n be_v near_o 14_o time_n thin_a or_o light_a than_o quicksilver_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o well_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o much_o light_a than_o water_n we_o venture_v to_o speak_v sometime_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o thin_a and_o halituous_a liquor_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o much_o light_a than_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o these_o thing_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o as_o we_o late_o take_v notice_n of_o conspicuous_a wave_n that_o appear_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o our_o agitate_a smoke_n so_o some_o such_o thing_n may_v not_o absurd_o be_v conjecture_v to_o happen_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o those_o strange_a ruggedness_n that_o appear_v especial_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o fall_v when_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n be_v wont_a to_o ascend_v most_o plentiful_o upon_o the_o limb_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v sun_n i_o speak_v thus_o diffident_o upon_o this_o occasion_n because_o i_o know_v that_o by_o the_o fluctuation_n or_o boil_a of_o the_o sun_n be_v own_o superficies_n diverse_a eminent_a mathematician_n have_v plausible_o enough_o but_o how_o true_o i_o leave_v your_o lordship_n to_o judge_n endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o but_o if_o we_o will_v join_v with_o those_o that_o have_v ascribe_v of_o late_a this_o phaenomenon_n to_o the_o refraction_n 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that_o lift_v up_o the_o uppermost_a shall_v if_o the_o undermost_a be_v not_o exceed_v heavy_a lift_v up_o that_o too_o and_o sustain_v it_o aloft_o in_o the_o free_a air_n a_o probable_a cause_n of_o this_o so_o close_a adhesion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o endeavour_v to_o deduce_v from_o the_o unequal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o undermost_a stone_n for_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o that_o stone_n be_v free_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v press_v upon_o by_o it_o whereas_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o superior_a stone_n be_v thereby_o defend_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o consequent_o press_v the_o low_a stone_n against_o the_o upper_a hinder_v it_o from_o fall_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o more_o full_o declare_v upon_o these_o ground_n we_o conjecture_v that_o in_o case_n we_o can_v procure_v two_o marble_n exact_o grind_v to_o one_o another_o and_o in_o case_n we_o can_v also_o sufficient_o evacuate_v our_o receiver_n the_o low_a stone_n will_v for_o want_v of_o the_o wont_a and_o sustain_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v from_o the_o upper_a but_o the_o further_a trial_n of_o this_o experiment_n we_o must_v unless_o your_o lordship_n think_v it_o worth_a your_o make_n at_o paris_n put_v off_o till_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n for_o where_o we_o now_o be_v we_o can_v procure_v marble_n so_o exact_o ground_n that_o they_o will_v sustain_v one_o another_o in_o the_o air_n above_o a_o minute_n or_o two_o which_o be_v a_o â—uch_o short_a time_n than_o the_o empty_n of_o our_o receiver_n require_v we_o do_v indeed_o try_v to_o make_v our_o marble_n stick_v close_o together_o by_o moisten_v their_o polished_a surface_n with_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o regard_n that_o liquor_n by_o its_o sudden_a avolation_n from_o marble_n if_o pour_v thereon_o without_o leave_v it_o moist_a or_o less_o smooth_a seem_v unable_a to_o sustain_v they_o together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o glutinous_a body_n and_o yet_o seem_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v and_o keep_v out_o the_o air._n but_o this_o we_o try_v to_o little_a purpose_n for_o have_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n two_o black_a square_a marble_n the_o one_o of_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o three_o in_o length_n or_o breadth_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o extent_n but_o not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_a fasten_v together_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o have_v suspend_v the_o thick_a by_o a_o string_n from_o the_o cover_n we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n will_v separate_v they_o though_o a_o weight_n amount_v to_o four_o ounce_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o lowermost_a marble_n to_o facilitate_v its_o fall_n off_o i_o will_v glad_o have_v the_o experiment_n try_v with_o marble_n so_o well_o polish_v as_o to_o need_v no_o liquor_n whatsoever_o to_o make_v they_o cohere_v and_o in_o a_o vessel_n out_o of_o which_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o perfect_o draw_v than_o it_o be_v out_o of_o we_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n though_o we_o will_v not_o determine_v whether_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v contribute_v to_o the_o strong_a cohesion_n of_o these_o stone_n otherwise_o than_o by_o keep_v even_o the_o subtl'st_a part_n of_o the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o between_o they_o yet_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o not_o fall_v down_o of_o the_o lowermost_a marble_n may_v without_o improbability_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o as_o we_o former_o note_v have_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n from_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n may_v well_o enough_o be_v suppose_v capable_a of_o keep_v so_o broad_a a_o flat_a marble_n from_o descend_v and_o though_o this_o may_v seem_v a_o strange_a proof_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n even_o when_o rarify_v yet_o it_o will_v scarce_o seem_v incredible_a to_o he_o that_o have_v observe_v how_o exceed_v strong_a a_o cohesion_n may_v be_v make_v betwixt_o broad_a body_n only_o by_o their_o immediate_a touch_v one_o another_o a_o notable_a instance_n of_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o this_o short_a narrative_n of_o the_o learned_a zucchius_n hydraulopneâ—â—m_n p._n nic._n zucchius_n apud_fw-la schot_n part_n 1._o mâ—â—_n hydraulopneâ—â—m_n juveni_fw-la say_v he_o lacertorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la robur_fw-la jactanti_fw-la proposita_fw-la semel_fw-la est_fw-la lamina_fw-la aerea_fw-la per_fw-la ansam_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la extantem_fw-la apprehensam_fw-la elevanda_fw-la è_fw-la tabula_fw-la marmorea_fw-la cvi_fw-la optime_fw-la congruebat_fw-la qui_fw-la primo_fw-la tanquam_fw-la rem_fw-la ludicram_fw-la pvero_fw-la committendam_fw-la contempsit_fw-la tum_fw-la instantibus_fw-la amiciss_fw-la manum_fw-la utrámque_fw-la admovens_fw-la 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wherein_o they_o be_v make_v i_o remember_v i_o have_v 32._o experiment_n 32._o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n make_v mention_n of_o my_o have_v by_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o a_o glass_n vessel_n make_v that_o vessel_n take_v up_o or_o suck_v up_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o common_a language_n a_o body_n weigh_v divers_a ounce_n but_o our_o engine_n afford_v we_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v considerable_a experiment_n of_o that_o kind_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a trial_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n pressure_n upward_o aâ—â—er_v the_o follow_a manner_n the_o receiver_n have_v be_v exquisite_o close_v as_o we_o have_v often_o teach_v already_o and_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n draw_v out_o of_o it_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o off_o the_o pump_n and_o to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n there_o be_v speedy_o apply_v a_o taper_a valve_n of_o brass_n such_o as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o 9_o fig_n make_v fit_a to_o go_v with_o its_o narrow_a end_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o orifice_n of_o that_o cavity_n with_o its_o broad_a part_n and_o that_o the_o air_n may_v not_o get_v in_o at_o the_o little_a interval_n leave_v here_o and_o there_o between_o the_o convex_a surface_n of_o the_o stopple_n and_o the_o internal_a edge_n of_o the_o branch_n those_o interval_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o little_a diachylon_n and_o to_o the_o door_n or_o if_o you_o please_v that_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n which_o be_v to_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o in_o this_o experiment_n hang_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n there_o be_v at_o a_o button_n of_o brass_n belong_v to_o the_o valve_n fasten_v a_o broad_a scale_n wherein_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v put_v this_o do_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v and_o the_o external_a air_n beat_v like_o a_o forcible_a stream_n upon_o the_o valve_n to_o get_v in_o there_o it_o do_v sudden_o 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valve_n whereon_o the_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v press_v
the_o reason_n why_o if_o a_o long_a pipe_n exact_o close_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v top-ful_a of_o water_n and_o then_o invert_v no_o liquor_n will_v fall_v out_o of_o the_o open_a orifice_n or_o to_o use_v a_o more_o familiar_a example_n when_o they_o teach_v that_o the_o cause_n why_o in_o a_o gardener_n water_v pot_n shape_v conical_o or_o like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n fill_v with_o water_n no_o liquor_n fall_v down_o through_o the_o numerous_a hole_n at_o the_o bottom_n whilst_o the_o gardener_n keep_v his_o thumb_n upon_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o little_a hole_n at_o the_o top_n and_o no_o long_o must_v be_v that_o if_o in_o the_o case_n propose_v the_o water_n shall_v descend_v the_o air_n be_v unable_a to_o succeed_v it_o there_o will_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o upper_a and_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o vacuum_n that_o will_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n be_v open_v when_o i_o say_v they_o allege_v such_o experiment_n the_o tendency_n of_o they_o 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or_o such_o like_a inanimate_a body_n which_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o know_v when_o a_o vacuum_n will_v ensue_v if_o they_o do_v not_o bestir_v themselves_o to_o prevent_v it_o nor_o to_o be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o act_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v most_o conducive_a to_o their_o own_o particular_a preservation_n for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n as_o much_o then_o of_o intelligible_a and_o probable_a truth_n as_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o metaphorical_a expression_n seem_v to_o amount_v but_o to_o this_o that_o by_o the_o wise_a author_n of_o nature_n who_o be_v just_o say_v to_o have_v make_v all_o thing_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n the_o universe_n and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o make_v a_o vacuum_n in_o it_o as_o if_o they_o studious_o conspire_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o how_o far_o this_v itself_o may_v be_v grant_v deserve_v to_o be_v further_o consider_v for_o in_o the_o next_o place_n our_o experiment_n seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o suppose_a aversation_n of_o nature_n to_o a_o vacuum_n be_v but_o accidental_a or_o in_o consequence_n partly_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fluidity_n or_o at_o least_o fluxility_n of_o the_o body_n here_o below_o and_o partly_o and_o perhaps_o principal_o of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n who_o restless_a endeavour_n to_o expand_v itself_o every_o way_n make_v it_o either_o rush_n in_o itself_o or_o compel_v the_o interpose_a body_n into_o all_o space_n where_o it_o find_v no_o great_a resistance_n than_o it_o can_v furmount_v and_o that_o in_o those_o motion_n which_o be_v make_v ob_fw-la fugam_fw-la vacui_fw-la as_o the_o common_a phrase_n be_v body_n act_n without_o such_o generosity_n &_o consideration_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o they_o be_v apparent_a enough_o in_o our_o 32_o experiment_n where_o the_o torrent_n of_o air_n that_o seem_v to_o strive_v to_o get_v into_o the_o empty_v receiver_n do_v plain_o prevent_v its_o own_o design_n by_o so_o impel_v the_o valve_n as_o to_o make_v it_o shut_v the_o only_a orifice_n the_o air_n be_v to_o get_v in_o at_o and_o if_o afterward_o either_o nature_n or_o the_o internal_a air_n have_v a_o design_n the_o external_a air_n shall_v be_v attract_v they_o seem_v to_o prosecute_v very_o unwise_o by_o continue_v to_o suck_v the_o valve_n so_o strong_o when_o they_o find_v that_o by_o that_o suction_n the_o valve_n itself_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v in_o whereas_o by_o forbear_v to_o suck_v the_o valve_n will_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n have_v fall_v down_o and_o suffer_v the_o exclude_v air_n to_o return_v free_o and_o to_o fill_v again_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n and_o this_o mind_n i_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o another_o deficiency_n point_v at_o by_o our_o experiment_n in_o the_o common_a doctrine_n of_o those_o plenâ—sts_n we_o reason_n with_o for_o many_o of_o those_o unusual_a motion_n in_o body_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v to_o escape_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v rather_o make_v to_o fill_v it_o for_o why_o to_o instance_n in_o our_o new_o mention_a experiment_n assoon_o as_o the_o valve_n be_v depress_v by_o the_o weight_n we_o hang_v at_o it_o shall_v the_o air_n so_o impetuous_o and_o copious_o rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n it_o there_o be_v before_o no_o vacant_a room_n there_o to_o receive_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v than_o all_o the_o while_n the_o valve_n keep_v out_o the_o air_n those_o lâ—tle_a space_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o that_o air_n afterward_o fill_v may_v be_v conclude_v to_o have_v remain_v empty_a so_o that_o the_o seem_a violence_n employ_v by_o nature_n on_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o evacuate_n of_o the_o vessel_n seem_v to_o have_v come_v too_o late_o to_o hinder_v the_o make_n of_o vacuity_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o only_o to_o have_v assoon_o as_o we_o permit_v fill_v up_o with_o air_n those_o that_o be_v already_o make_v and_o as_o for_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n ascribe_v to_o dead_a and_o stupid_a body_n we_o shall_v only_o demand_v why_o in_o our_o 19_o experiment_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o water_n desert_v the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o glass-tube_n and_o do_v not_o ascend_v to_o fill_v it_o up_o till_o the_o external_a air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o it_o whereas_o by_o its_o easy_a and_o sudden_a regain_n that_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n it_o appear_v both_o that_o there_o be_v there_o much_o space_n devoid_a of_o air_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v with_o small_a or_o no_o resistance_n have_v ascend_v into_o it_o if_o it_o can_v have_v do_v so_o without_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o readmit_v air_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v necessary_a to_o mind_v the_o water_n of_o its_o former_o neglect_a duty_n to_o the_o universe_n nay_o for_o aught_o appear_v even_o when_o the_o exclude_v air_n assoon_o as_o it_o be_v permit_v rush_v violent_o into_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n that_o flow_v in_o of_o the_o air_n proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o determinate_a force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o neighbour_a air_n then_o from_o any_o endeavour_n to_o fill_v up_o much_o less_o to_o prevent_v vacuity_n for_o though_o when_o as_o much_o air_n as_o will_n be_v get_v into_o our_o receiver_n our_o present_a opponent_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o air_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o when_o we_o make_v our_o 17_o experiment_n we_o crowd_v in_o more_o air_n to_o our_o receâ—â—er_n than_o it_o usual_o hold_v and_o if_o we_o also_o consider_v which_o be_v much_o more_o the_o air_n of_o the_o same_o consistence_n with_o that_o in_o our_o receiver_n may_v in_o windgun_n as_o be_v know_v and_o as_o we_o have_v try_v be_v compress_v at_o least_o into_o half_n its_o wont_a room_n i_o say_v at_o least_o because_o some_o affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v thrust_v into_o a_o 8_o or_o a_o yet_o small_a part_n of_o its_o ordinary_a extent_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o admit_v either_o a_o notion_n of_o condensation_n &_o rarefaction_n that_o be_v not_o intelligible_a or_o that_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o our_o receiver_n when_o presume_v to_o be_v full_a of_o air_n there_o yet_o remain_v as_o much_o of_o space_n as_o be_v take_v up_o by_o all_o the_o aërial_a corpuscle_n unpossessed_a by_o the_o air._n which_o seem_v plain_o to_o infer_v that_o the_o air_n that_o rush_v into_o our_o empty_v vessel_n do_v not_o do_v it_o precise_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacuity_n of_o it_o since_o it_o leave_v so_o many_o unfilled_a but_o rather_o be_v thrust_v in_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n which_o as_o it_o can_v not_o
but_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o expand_v itself_o where_o it_o find_v least_o resistance_n so_o be_v it_o unable_a to_o fill_v the_o receiver_n any_o more_o then_o until_o the_o air_n within_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o compactness_n with_o that_o without_o we_o may_v also_o from_o our_o two_o already_o often_o mention_v experiment_n further_o deduce_v that_o since_o nature_n hatred_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v but_o metaphorical_a and_o accidental_a be_v but_o a_o consequence_n or_o result_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o gravity_n and_o partly_o also_o of_o the_o fluxility_n of_o some_o other_o body_n the_o power_n she_o make_v use_v of_o to_o hinder_v a_o vacuum_n be_v not_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o also_o note_v any_o such_o boundless_a thing_n as_o man_n have_v be_v please_v to_o imagine_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n mention_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o plenist_n body_n seem_v to_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n to_o shun_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o this_o that_o in_o the_o allege_v case_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n that_o be_v either_o keep_v from_o fall_v or_o impel_v up_o be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o water_n will_v have_v subside_v though_o no_o air_n can_v have_v succeed_v for_o not_o to_o repeat_v that_o experiment_n of_o monsieur_n paschal_n former_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n exceed_v 32_o foot_n wherein_o the_o invert_v pipe_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o contain_v a_o competent_a weight_n of_o water_n that_o liquor_n free_o run_v out_o at_o the_o low_a orifice_n not_o to_o mention_v this_o i_o say_v we_o see_v in_o our_o nineteenth_o experiment_n that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v sufficient_o weaken_a the_o water_n will_v â—all_n out_o apace_o at_o the_o orifice_n even_o of_o a_o short_a pipe_n though_o the_o air_n can_v not_o succeed_v into_o the_o room_n desert_v by_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o if_o trial_n be_v make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o very_a high_a mountain_n to_o discover_v with_o what_o ease_n a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v make_v near_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n where_o the_o air_n be_v probable_o but_o light_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o it_o be_v here_o below_o but_o our_o present_n three_o and_o thirty_o experiment_n seem_v to_o manifest_v not_o only_o that_o the_o power_n exercise_v by_o nature_n to_o shun_v or_o replenish_v a_o vacuum_n be_v limit_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v even_o to_o pound_n and_o ounce_n insomuch_o that_o we_o may_v say_v such_o a_o weight_n nature_n will_v sustain_v or_o will_v lift_v up_o to_o resist_v a_o vacuum_n in_o our_o engine_n but_o if_o a_o ounce_n more_o be_v add_v to_o that_o weight_n it_o will_v surmount_v she_o so_o much_o magnify_v detestation_n of_o vacuity_n and_o thus_o my_o lord_n our_o experiment_n may_v not_o only_o answer_v those_o of_o the_o plenist_n but_o enable_v we_o to_o retort_v their_o argument_n against_o themselves_o since_o if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o they_o allege_v that_o when_o water_n fall_v not_o down_o according_a to_o its_o nature_n in_o a_o body_n wherein_o no_o air_n can_v succeed_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o place_n it_o must_v leave_v the_o suspension_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v make_v ne_fw-la detur_fw-la vacuum_n as_o they_o speak_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o if_o the_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o subside_v in_o such_o a_o case_n that_o desert_a space_n may_v be_v deem_v empty_a according_a to_o their_o own_o doctrine_n especial_o since_o nature_n as_o they_o will_v persuade_v we_o bestir_v herself_o so_o mighty_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o be_v desert_v i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o remind_v your_o lordship_n that_o i_o have_v all_o this_o while_n be_v speak_v of_o a_o vacuum_n not_o in_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n but_o in_o that_o more_o obvious_a and_o familiar_a one_o that_o have_v be_v former_o declare_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o observe_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o our_o 33_o experiment_n afford_v we_o a_o notable_a proof_n of_o the_o unheeded_a strength_n of_o that_o pressure_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o what_o we_o call_v the_o free_a air_n and_o presume_v to_o be_v uncompress_v for_o as_o fluid_a and_o yield_a a_o body_n as_o it_o be_v our_o experiment_n teach_v we_o that_o even_o in_o our_o climate_n and_o without_o any_o other_o compression_n then_o what_o be_v at_o least_o here_o below_o natural_a or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o ordinary_a to_o it_o it_o bear_v so_o strong_o upon_o the_o body_n whereunto_o it_o be_v contiguous_a that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o this_o free_a air_n not_o exceed_v three_o inch_n in_o diameter_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v and_o carry_v up_o a_o weight_n amount_v to_o between_o sixteen_o and_o seventeen_o hundred_o ounce_n i_o say_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n 648._o aere_fw-la frigido_fw-la existente_fw-la taâ—dius_fw-la moventur_fw-la automata_n quam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d caâ—ido_fw-la adeo_fw-la quidem_fw-la ut_fw-la automaton_fw-gr quod_fw-la belâ—â—e_fw-la iâ—_n noâ—a_fw-fr zembla_n agentâ—s_v in_o aedibus_fw-la 〈…〉_o omnino_fw-la 〈…〉_o varenius_n geo_n genevat_fw-la lib._n 111._o propo_fw-it 7._o pag._n 648._o because_o that_o be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o as_o far_o as_o my_o observation_n assist_v i_o to_o conjecture_v the_o air_n in_o many_o other_o more_o northern_a country_n may_v be_v much_o thick_a and_o able_a to_o support_v a_o great_a weight_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mistake_n in_o what_o be_v record_v concern_v the_o hollander_n that_o be_v force_v by_o the_o ice_n to_o winter_n in_o nova_n zembla_n namely_o that_o they_o find_v there_o so_o condense_v a_o air_n that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o clock_n go_v even_o by_o a_o very_a great_a addition_n to_o the_o weight_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o move_v it_o i_o suppose_v your_o lordship_n will_v ready_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o may_v very_o easy_o have_v discourse_v much_o more_o full_o and_o accurat_o than_o i_o have_v do_v against_o the_o common_a opinion_n touch_v suction_n and_o touch_v nature_n hatred_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o keep_v myself_o to_o those_o consideration_n touch_v these_o matter_n that_o may_v be_v verify_v by_o our_o engine_n itself_o especial_o since_o as_o i_o say_v at_o first_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n to_o insist_v particular_o upon_o all_o the_o reflection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v even_o upon_o our_o two_o last_o experiment_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o the_o next_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o your_o lordship_n to_o consider_v how_o far_o these_o trial_n of_o we_o will_v either_o confirm_v or_o disfavor_n the_o new_a doctrine_n of_o several_a eminent_a naturalist_n who_o teach_v that_o in_o all_o motion_n there_o be_v necessary_o a_o circle_n of_o body_n as_o they_o speak_v move_v together_o and_o whether_o the_o circle_n in_o such_o motion_n be_v a_o accidental_a or_o consequential_a thing_n or_o no._n 34._o experiment_n 34._o it_o be_v a_o know_a thing_n to_o those_o that_o be_v convesant_fw-mi in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n that_o two_o body_n which_o in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o equal_a weight_n but_o of_o unequal_a bulk_n as_o gold_n for_o instance_n and_o iron_n be_v afterward_o weigh_v in_o water_n will_v lose_v their_o aequilibrium_fw-la upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n so_o that_o the_o gold_n will_v sink_v low_a than_o the_o iron_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a bulk_n have_v more_o water_n to_o lift_v or_o displace_v that_o it_o may_v sink_v by_o analogy_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o if_o two_o weight_n do_v in_o our_o engine_n balance_v each_o other_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v full_a of_o air_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n so_o notable_a a_o change_n in_o the_o consistence_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n will_v make_v they_o lose_v their_o aequilibrium_fw-la but_o be_v desirous_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n for_o a_o certain_a design_n that_o need_v not_o here_o be_v mention_v we_o take_v for_o one_o of_o our_o weight_n a_o dry_a bladder_n strong_o tie_v at_o the_o neck_n and_o about_o half_o fill_v with_o air_n that_o be_v a_o weight_n both_o flight_n and_o that_o will_v expand_v itself_o in_o the_o evacuated_a glass_n and_o fasten_v that_o to_o one_o part_n of_o our_o former_o mention_v exact_a balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n we_o put_v a_o metalline_a counterpoise_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n and_o so_o the_o two_o weight_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o
aequilibrium_fw-la the_o balance_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o suspend_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o it_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v further_o we_o must_v note_v that_o present_o after_o the_o lay_n on_o of_o the_o cover_n the_o bladder_n appear_v to_o preponderate_v whereupon_o the_o scale_n be_v take_v out_o and_o reduce_v very_o near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o a_o little_a advantage_n remain_v on_o that_o side_n to_o which_o the_o metalline_a weight_n belong_v they_o be_v again_o let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v present_o make_v fast_o with_o plaster_n and_o a_o hot_a iron_n soon_o after_o which_o before_o the_o pump_n be_v employ_v the_o bladder_n seem_v again_o a_o little_a to_o preponderate_v afterward_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o the_o bladder_n begin_v according_a to_o the_o former_o mention_v observation_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o manifest_o to_o outweigh_v the_o opposite_a weight_n draw_v down_o the_o scale_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v very_o much_o beneath_o the_o other_o especial_o when_o the_o air_n have_v swell_v it_o to_o its_o full_a extent_n this_o do_v we_o very_o leisurely_o let_v in_o the_o external_a air_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o flag_a of_o the_o bladder_n the_o scale_n whereto_o it_o be_v fasten_v not_o only_o by_o degree_n return_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o other_o but_o at_o length_n be_v a_o little_a outweigh_v by_o it_o but_o because_o we_o suspect_v there_o may_v have_v intervene_v some_o unheeded_a circumstance_n in_o this_o last_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n we_o will_v not_o present_o take_v out_o the_o scale_n nor_o meddle_v with_o the_o cover_n but_o leave_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o perceive_v that_o after_o a_o little_a while_o the_o bladder_n begin_v again_o to_o preponderate_v and_o by_o degree_n to_o sink_v low_a and_o low_a for_o divers_a hour_n wherefore_o leave_v the_o vessel_n close_v up_o all_o night_n we_o repair_v to_o it_o next_o morning_n and_o find_v the_o bladder_n fall_v yet_o low_a as_o if_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o it_o have_v imbibe_v some_o of_o the_o moisture_n wherewith_o the_o air_n the_o season_n be_v very_o rainy_a do_v then_o abound_v as_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o membranous_a part_n of_o gut_n strong_o wreathe_v be_v know_v to_o swell_v so_o much_o oftentimes_o as_o to_o break_v in_o rainy_a and_o wet_a weather_n which_o conjecture_n be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v regard_v because_o congruous_o unto_o it_o one_o of_o the_o company_n have_v a_o little_a warm_v the_o bladder_n find_v it_o then_o light_a than_o the_o opposite_a weight_n but_o this_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n till_o we_o can_v gain_v time_n to_o make_v further_a trial_n about_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o without_o remove_v the_o scale_n or_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o again_o 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of_o bubble_n join_v itself_o with_o that_o air_n that_o before_o possess_v the_o top_n of_o the_o siphon_n to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n arise_v from_o these_o bubble_n two_o glass_n pipe_n like_o the_o former_a be_v so_o place_v as_o to_o terminate_v together_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o belly_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n into_o who_o neck_n they_o be_v careful_o fasten_v with_o cement_n and_o then_o both_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v which_o be_v not_o do_v without_o difficulty_n total_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o siphon_n describe_v in_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o the_o glass_n of_o water_n as_o former_o and_o the_o experiment_n be_v prosecute_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n much_o more_o air_n then_o former_o be_v draw_v out_o before_o the_o bubble_n disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n be_v able_a to_o disturb_v the_o experiment_n because_o that_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o viol_n there_o be_v room_n enough_o 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be_v object_v that_o peradventure_o this_o will_v not_o happen_v in_o case_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v in_o a_o vacuum_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a the_o water_n may_v subside_o not_o because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o exsuction_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o external_a air_n which_o impel_v the_o water_n it_o find_v in_o its_o way_n to_o the_o cavity_n desert_v by_o the_o other_o air_n and_o will_v as_o well_o impel_v the_o same_o water_n upward_o as_o make_v it_o subside_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o accidental_a posture_n of_o the_o glass_n however_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o examine_v any_o further_a this_o matter_n i_o shall_v only_o mind_v your_o
the_o juncture_n there_o be_v settle_v a_o round_a whitish_a spot_n or_o two_o which_o at_o first_o we_o think_v may_v be_v some_o stain_n upon_o the_o glass_n but_o after_o find_v it_o to_o be_v in_o divers_a quality_n like_o the_o oil_n and_o salt_n of_o the_o concrete_a we_o be_v distil_v we_o begin_v to_o suspect_v that_o the_o most_o subtle_a and_o fugitive_a part_n of_o the_o impetuous_o ascend_v steam_n have_v penetrate_v the_o substance_n as_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o glass_n and_o by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v condense_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o though_o we_o be_v very_o backward_o to_o credit_v this_o suspicion_n and_o therefore_o call_v in_o a_o ingenious_a person_n or_o two_o both_o to_o assist_v we_o in_o the_o observation_n and_o have_v witness_v of_o its_o event_n we_o continue_v a_o while_n long_o to_o watch_v the_o escape_n of_o such_o unctuous_a fume_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n unanimous_o conclude_v that_o all_o thing_n 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destroy_v a_o little_a animal_n or_o at_o least_o make_v the_o air_n too_o intemperate_o hot_a to_o be_v fit_a for_o respiration_n but_o though_o this_o be_v a_o difficulty_n not_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v resolve_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o our_o engine_n yet_o i_o suppose_v we_o have_v already_o answer_v the_o objection_n by_o our_o 38_o and_o 39_o experiment_n which_o though_o we_o make_v partly_o for_o other_o purpose_n yet_o we_o premise_v they_o only_o to_o clear_v up_o the_o difficulty_n propose_v another_o suspicion_n we_o shall_v have_v entertain_v concern_v the_o death_n of_o our_o animal_n namely_o that_o upon_o the_o sudden_a removal_n of_o the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o warm_a blood_n of_o those_o animal_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o effervescence_n or_o ebullition_n or_o at_o least_o so_o vehement_o expanded_a as_o to_o disturb_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o so_o disorder_v the_o whole_a oeconomy_n of_o the_o body_n this_o i_o say_v i_o shall_v have_v have_v some_o suspicion_n of_o but_o that_o animal_n of_o a_o hot_a constitution_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a one_o that_o can_v in_o our_o exhaust_a engine_n exercise_v the_o function_n of_o life_n but_o i_o must_v not_o now_o dwell_v upon_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n because_o i_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o principal_a subject_n of_o our_o engine_n namely_o the_o use_n of_o respiration_n or_o rather_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respiration_n for_o whereas_o of_o the_o divers_a use_n of_o it_o mention_v by_o anatomist_n the_o most_o such_o as_o the_o production_n and_o modulation_n of_o the_o voice_n by_o the_o elision_n of_o the_o air_n the_o larynx_n etc._n etc._n the_o expulsion_n of_o excrement_n by_o cough_n the_o convey_n in_o of_o odour_n by_o inspiration_n and_o some_o other_o rather_o convenient_a for_o the_o well_o be_v of_o a_o animal_n then_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o his_o life_n whereas_o i_o say_v the_o other_o use_n be_v such_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o great_a hypocrates_n himself_o give_v this_o notable_a testimony_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o animal_n endow_v with_o lung_n mortalibus_fw-la say_v he_o hic_fw-la spiritus_fw-la tum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la tum_fw-la morborum_fw-la aegrotis_fw-la causa_fw-la est_fw-la tantáque_fw-la corporibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la spiritûs_fw-la inest_fw-la necessitas_fw-la ut_fw-la siquidem_fw-la aliis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la &_o cibis_fw-la &_o potionibus_fw-la quis_fw-la abstineat_fw-la dvos_fw-la tamen_fw-la aut_fw-la tres_fw-la vel_fw-la plures_fw-la dies_fw-la possit_fw-la vitam_fw-la ducere_fw-la at_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la spiritus_fw-la in_o corpus_fw-la vias_fw-la intercipiat_fw-la vel_fw-la exiguâ_fw-la diei_fw-la parte_fw-la homini_fw-la pereundum_fw-la sit_fw-la adâ—o_n necessarius_fw-la est_fw-la usus_fw-la spiritûs_fw-la in_o corpore_fw-la ad_fw-la haec_fw-la quoque_fw-la quum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la homines_fw-la quâ—escant_fw-la quod_fw-la mutationibus_fw-la innumeris_fw-la vita_fw-la sit_fw-la exposita_fw-la ab_fw-la hâc_fw-la tamen_fw-la solá_fw-la actione_n nunquam_fw-la desistant_fw-la animantia_fw-la quin_fw-la aut_fw-la spiritum_fw-la adducant_fw-la aut_fw-la reddant_fw-la but_o touch_v the_o account_n upon_o which_o the_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n of_o air_n both_o which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d respiration_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o life_n both_o naturalist_n and_o physician_n do_v so_o disagree_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a either_o to_o reconcile_v their_o opinion_n or_o determine_v their_o controversy_n for_o first_o many_o there_o be_v who_o think_v the_o chief_a if_o not_o sole_a use_v of_o respiration_n to_o be_v the_o cooling_n and_o temper_v of_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o heart_n and_o blood_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v immoderate_a and_o this_o opinion_n not_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o receive_v among_o scholastic_a writer_n but_o divers_a of_o the_o new_a philosopher_n cartesian_n and_o other_o admit_v with_o some_o variation_n teach_v that_o the_o air_n be_v necessary_a by_o its_o coldness_n to_o condense_a the_o blood_n that_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o lung_n that_o thereby_o it_o may_v obtain_v such_o a_o consistence_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o fit_a fuel_n for_o the_o vital_a fire_n or_o flame_n in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o this_o opinion_n seem_v favour_v by_o this_o that_o fish_n and_o other_o cold_a creature_n who_o heart_n have_v but_o one_o cavity_n be_v also_o unprovided_a of_o lung_n and_o by_o some_o other_o consideration_n but_o though_o it_o need_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o inspire_v air_n may_v sometime_o be_v of_o use_n by_o refrigerate_v the_o heart_n yet_o against_o the_o opinion_n that_o make_v this_o refrigeration_n the_o most_o genuine_a and_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o air_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o divers_a cold_a creature_n some_o of_o which_o as_o particular_o frog_n live_v in_o the_o water_n have_v yet_o need_v of_o respiration_n which_o seem_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v need_v for_o refrigeration_n by_o they_o that_o be_v destitute_a of_o any_o sensible_a heat_n and_o beside_o live_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n that_o even_o decrepit_a old_a man_n who_o natural_a heat_n be_v make_v very_o languid_a and_o almost_o extinguish_v by_o reason_n of_o age_n have_v yet_o a_o necessity_n of_o frequent_a respiration_n that_o a_o temperate_a air_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o generality_n of_o breathe_a creature_n and_o as_o a_o air_n too_o hot_a so_o also_o a_o air_n too_o cold_a may_v be_v inconvenient_a for_o they_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v trouble_v with_o a_o immoderate_a degree_n of_o the_o same_o quality_n which_o be_v predominant_a in_o the_o air_n that_o in_o some_o disease_n the_o natural_a heat_n be_v so_o weaken_a that_o in_o case_n the_o use_n of_o respiration_n be_v to_o cool_v it_o will_v be_v more_o hurtful_a than_o beneficial_a to_o breath_n and_o the_o suspending_a of_o the_o respiration_n may_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o those_o very_a hot_a medicine_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o such_o distemper_n that_o nature_n may_v much_o better_o have_v give_v the_o heart_n but_o a_o moderate_a heat_n than_o such_o a_o excessive_a one_o as_o needs_o to_o be_v perpetual_o cool_v to_o keep_v it_o from_o grow_v destructive_a which_o the_o gentle_a and_o not_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o a_o animal_n heart_n seem_v not_o intense_a enough_o so_o indispensable_o to_o require_v these_o and_o other_o objection_n may_v be_v oppose_v and_o press_v against_o the_o recite_v opinion_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o insist_v on_o they_o but_o only_o add_v to_o they_o that_o it_o appear_v not_o by_o our_o forego_v experiment_n i_o mean_v the_o 38_o and_o 39_o that_o in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n where_o yet_o animal_n die_v so_o sudden_o for_o want_v of_o respiration_n the_o ambient_fw-la body_n be_v sensible_o hot_a than_o the_o common_a air._n other_o learned_a man_n there_o be_v who_o will_v have_v the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n to_o get_v in_o by_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n not_o only_o to_o temper_v its_o heat_n but_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o generation_n of_o spirit_n and_o these_o allege_v for_o themselves_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_n among_o who_o hypocrates_n seem_v manifest_o to_o favour_v their_o opinion_n and_o both_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n do_v sometime_o for_o methinks_v they_o speak_v doubtful_o enough_o appear_v inclinable_a to_o it_o but_o for_o aught_o ever_o i_o can_v see_v in_o dissection_n it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o make_v out_o how_o the_o air_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n especial_o the_o systole_n and_o diastole_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n be_v very_o far_o from_o be_v synchronical_a beside_o that_o the_o spirit_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o the_o most_o subtle_a and_o unctuous_a particle_n of_o the_o blood_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a differ_a nature_n from_o that_o of_o the_o lean_a and_o incombustible_a corpuscle_n of_o air._n other_o objection_n against_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v propose_v and_o press_v by_o that_o excellent_a anatomist_n and_o my_o industrious_a friend_n dr._n highmore_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v you_o another_o opinion_n there_o be_v touch_v respiration_n which_o make_v the_o genuine_a use_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ventilation_n not_o of_o the_o heart_n but_o of_o the_o blood_n in_o its_o passage_n through_o the_o lung_n in_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v disburden_v of_o those_o excrementitious_a steam_n proceed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o superfluous_a serosity_n of_o the_o blood_n we_o may_v add_v and_o of_o the_o chyle_n too_o which_o by_o those_o new_a conduit_n of_o late_a very_o happy_o detect_v by_o the_o famous_a pecquet_n have_v be_v new_o mix_v with_o it_o in_o the_o
heart_n and_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o of_o the_o industrious_a moebius_n and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v that_o of_o that_o excellent_a philosopher_n gassendus_fw-la and_o have_v be_v in_o part_n a_o opinion_n almost_o vulgar_a but_o this_o hypothesis_n may_v be_v explicate_v two_o way_n for_o first_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respiration_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o as_o a_o flame_n can_v long_o burn_v in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o the_o fuliginous_a steam_n it_o incessant_o throw_v out_o can_v be_v long_o receive_v into_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n which_o after_o a_o while_n grow_v too_o full_a of_o they_o to_o admit_v any_o more_o stifle_v the_o flame_n so_o that_o the_o vital_a fire_n in_o the_o heart_n require_v a_o ambient_fw-la body_n of_o a_o yield_a nature_n to_o receive_v into_o it_o the_o superfluous_a serosity_n and_o other_o recrement_n of_o the_o blood_n who_o seasonable_a expulsion_n be_v requisite_a to_o depurate_a the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o make_v it_o fit_a both_o to_o circulate_v and_o to_o maintain_v the_o vital_a heat_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n the_o other_o way_n of_o explicate_v the_o above_o mention_v hypothesis_n be_v by_o suppose_v that_o the_o air_n do_v not_o only_o as_o a_o receptacle_n admit_v into_o its_o pore_n the_o excrementitious_a vapour_n of_o the_o blood_n when_o they_o be_v expel_v through_o the_o windpipe_n but_o do_v also_o convey_v they_o out_o of_o the_o lung_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o inspire_a air_n reach_v to_o all_o the_o end_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la do_v there_o associate_v itself_o with_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o circulate_v blood_n and_o when_o it_o be_v explode_v carry_v they_o away_o with_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v that_o wind_n speedy_o dry_v up_o the_o surface_v of_o wet_a body_n not_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o what_o we_o former_o observe_v touch_v our_o liquor_n who_o fume_n be_v strange_o elevate_v upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air._n now_o of_o these_o two_o way_n of_o explicate_v the_o use_n of_o respiration_n our_o engine_n afford_v we_o this_o objection_n against_o the_o first_o that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o animal_n die_v a_o great_a deal_n soon_o than_o if_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o vessel_n though_o by_o that_o exsuction_n the_o ambient_fw-la space_n be_v leave_v much_o more_o free_a to_o receive_v the_o steam_n that_o be_v either_o breathe_v out_o of_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o animal_n or_o discharge_v by_o insensible_a transpiration_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o his_o skin_n but_o if_o the_o hypothesis_n propose_v be_v take_v in_o the_o other_o sense_n it_o seem_v congruous_a enough_o to_o that_o grand_a observation_n which_o partly_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o our_o engine_n and_o partly_o the_o relation_n of_o traveller_n have_v suggest_v to_o we_o namely_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a consistence_n of_o air_n requisite_a to_o respiration_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v too_o thick_a and_o already_o overcharge_v with_o vapour_n it_o will_v be_v unfit_a to_o unite_v with_o and_o carry_v off_o those_o of_o the_o blood_n as_o water_n will_v dissolve_v and_o associate_v to_o itself_o but_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o saline_a corpuscle_n and_o if_o it_o be_v too_o thin_a or_o rarefy_a the_o number_n or_o size_n of_o the_o aërial_a particle_n be_v too_o small_a to_o be_v able_a to_o assume_v and_o carry_v off_o the_o halituous_a excrement_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o be_v requisite_a now_o that_o air_n too_o much_o thicken_v and_o as_o it_o be_v clog_v with_o steam_n be_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v wont_a to_o happen_v in_o the_o lead-mine_n of_o devonshire_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v in_o those_o too_o of_o other_o country_n though_o i_o have_v see_v mine_n where_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v complain_v of_o for_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o more_o than_o one_o credible_a person_n and_o particular_o by_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v often_o for_o curiosity_n dig_v in_o those_o mine_n and_o be_v employ_v about_o they_o that_o there_o often_o rise_v damp_n as_o retain_v the_o german_a word_n by_o which_o they_o call_v they_o which_o do_v so_o thicken_v the_o air_n that_o unless_o the_o workman_n speedy_o make_v sign_n to_o they_o that_o be_v above_o they_o will_v which_o also_o sometime_o happen_v be_v present_o stifle_v for_o want_n of_o breath_n and_o though_o their_o companion_n do_v make_v haste_n to_o draw_v they_o up_o yet_o frequent_o by_o that_o time_n they_o come_v to_o the_o free_a air_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o swoon_n and_o be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o they_o come_v to_o themselves_o again_o and_o that_o this_o swoon_v seem_v not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o arsenical_a or_o poisonous_a exhalation_n contain_v in_o the_o damp_n as_o from_o its_o overmuch_o condense_v the_o air_n seem_v probable_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o same_o damp_n oftentimes_o leisurely_o extinguish_v the_o flame_n of_o their_o candle_n or_o lamp_n and_o from_o hence_o also_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o relation_n of_o authentical_a author_n that_o in_o those_o cellar_n where_o great_a store_n of_o new_a wine_n be_v set_v to_o work_v man_n have_v be_v suffocate_v by_o the_o too_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o steam_n exhale_v from_o the_o must_v and_o too_o much_o thicken_a the_o air_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o custom_n that_o be_v now_o use_v in_o some_o hot_a country_n where_o those_o that_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v into_o such_o cellar_n carry_v with_o they_o a_o quantity_n of_o well_o kindle_a coal_n which_o they_o hold_v near_o their_o face_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fire_n discuss_v the_o fume_n and_o rarefy_v the_o air_n reduce_v the_o ambient_fw-la body_n to_o a_o consistence_n fit_a for_o respiration_n we_o will_v add_v by_o way_n of_o confirmation_n the_o 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will_v not_o much_o wonder_n at_o who_o have_v take_v notice_n in_o sanctorius_n his_o statica_fw-la medicina_fw-la how_o much_o that_o part_n of_o our_o aliment_n which_o go_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n exceed_v in_o weight_n all_o the_o visible_a and_o grosser_n excrement_n both_o solid_a and_o liquid_a that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o air_n too_o much_o dilate_v be_v not_o serviceable_a for_o the_o end_n of_o respiration_n the_o hasty_a death_n of_o the_o animal_n we_o kill_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n seem_v sufficient_o to_o manifest_v and_o it_o may_v not_o irrational_o be_v doubt_v whether_o or_o no_o if_o a_o man_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o live_v many_o minute_n and_o will_v not_o quick_o die_v for_o want_n of_o such_o air_n as_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o breath_n here_o below_o and_o that_o this_o conjecture_n may_v not_o appear_v extravagant_a i_o shall_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v a_o memorable_a relation_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o he_o himself_o past_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o peru_n which_o they_o call_v pariaecaca_fw-la to_o which_o he_o say_v that_o the_o alps_o themselves_o seem_v to_o they_o but_o as_o ordinary_a house_n in_o regard_n of_o high_a tower_n he_o and_o his_o companion_n be_v surprise_v with_o such_o extreme_a pang_n of_o strain_v and_o vomit_v not_o without_o cast_v up_o blood_n too_o and_o with_o so_o violent_a a_o distemper_n that_o he_o conclude_v he_o shall_v undoubted_o have_v dye_v but_o that_o this_o last_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n before_o they_o come_v into_o a_o more_o convenient_a and_o natural_a temperature_n of_o air_n to_o which_o our_o learned_a author_n add_v a_o inference_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a thing_n
secundine_n may_v live_v a_o good_a while_n without_o a_o respiration_n but_o in_o case_n after_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breath_n its_o respiration_n be_v stop_v it_o will_v present_o die_v we_o be_v far_o from_o pretend_v to_o solve_v so_o hard_a a_o problem_n but_o this_o we_o try_v in_o relation_n to_o it_o we_o take_v a_o bitch_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v almost_o ready_a to_o whelp_n and_o have_v cause_v she_o to_o be_v hang_v we_o present_o open_v her_o abdomen_fw-la and_o find_v four_o puppy_n in_o her_o womb_n one_o of_o these_o we_o take_v out_o and_o have_v free_v he_o from_o the_o tegument_n thâ—â—_n involve_v he_o and_o from_o the_o liquor_n he_o swim_v in_o we_o observe_v that_o he_o quick_o open_v his_o mouth_n very_o wide_a move_v his_o tongue_n and_o exercise_v respiration_n then_o we_o open_v both_o his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o his_o chest_n and_o cut_v asunder_o the_o diaphragme_n notwithstanding_o which_o he_o seem_v often_o to_o endeavour_v respire_v and_o move_v in_o a_o notable_a manner_n both_o the_o intercostal_n muscle_n part_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n the_o mouth_n and_o the_o tongue_n but_o that_o which_o we_o mention_v this_o puppy_n for_o be_v this_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o the_o other_o young_a one_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o breathe_v at_o all_o will_v long_o survive_v this_o or_o no_o we_o take_v they_o also_o out_o of_o the_o womb_n and_o have_v open_v they_o find_v none_o of_o they_o so_o much_o alive_a as_o to_o have_v any_o perceptible_a motion_n in_o his_o heart_n whereas_o the_o heart_n of_o that_o puppy_n which_o have_v once_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o respiration_n continue_v beat_v so_o long_o that_o we_o ourselves_o observe_v the_o auricle_n to_o beat_v after_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n and_o a_o servant_n that_o stay_v up_o and_o watch_v it_o after_o we_o be_v go_v to_o bed_n affirm_v that_o he_o see_v the_o pulsation_n continue_v about_o two_o hour_n long_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o other_o to_o make_v reflection_n upon_o this_o observation_n compare_v with_o dr._n harvey_n problem_n it_o be_v much_o doubt_v whether_o fish_n breath_n under_o water_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o we_o as_o yet_o to_o determine_v the_o question_n either_o way_n because_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v little_a fish_n alive_a to_o make_v experiment_n upon_o that_o such_o as_o be_v not_o setaceous_a for_o such_o manifest_o breath_n have_v not_o respiration_n proper_o so_o call_v such_o as_o be_v exercise_v by_o four_o footed_a beast_n and_o bird_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o their_o have_v but_o one_o cavity_n in_o their_o heart_n &_o from_o their_o want_n of_o lung_n whence_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v mute_a unless_o we_o say_v what_o be_v not_o altogether_o absurd_a that_o their_o gills_o seem_v somewhat_o analogous_a as_o to_o their_o use_n to_o lung_n but_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o live_v even_o of_o fish_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o have_v some_o obscure_a kind_n of_o respiration_n seem_v manifest_a by_o two_o or_o three_o observation_n and_o experiment_n mention_v by_o divers_a author_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o fish_n soon_o die_v in_o pond_n and_o glass_n quite_o fill_v with_o water_n if_o the_o one_o be_v so_o freeze_v over_o and_o the_o other_o so_o close_o stop_v that_o the_o fish_n can_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o air_n if_o we_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v true_a but_o because_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v deliver_v by_o writer_n upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n as_o i_o shall_v not_o reject_v they_o so_o i_o dare_v not_o build_v upon_o they_o till_o i_o have_v opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o by_o experience_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o will_v add_v that_o our_o engine_n have_v teach_v we_o two_o thing_n that_o may_v illustrate_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n the_o one_o that_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o lurk_v in_o water_n many_o little_a parcel_n of_o interspersed_a air_n whereof_o it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a that_o fish_n may_v make_v some_o use_n either_o by_o separate_v it_o when_o they_o strain_v the_o water_n through_o their_o gills_o or_o by_o some_o other_o way_n the_o other_o what_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o large_a eel_n be_v able_a to_o procure_v no_o other_o fish_n alive_a and_o remove_v it_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v we_o into_o our_o great_a receiver_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o eel_n after_o some_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o glass_n seem_v somewhat_o discomposed_a and_o that_o when_o we_o have_v prosecute_v the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n somewhat_o obstinate_o she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n as_o die_a fish_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o from_o thenceforward_a lay_n altogether_o moveless_a just_a as_o if_o she_o be_v stark_o dead_a and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o think_v she_o so_o yet_o the_o continue_v in_o that_o posture_n even_o after_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v take_v off_o whereby_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o i_o shoulâ—_n have_v be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o by_o stander_n if_o the_o diffidence_n i_o be_o wont_a to_o exercise_v in_o try_v experiment_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v not_o usual_a have_v not_o invite_v i_o to_o take_v the_o fish_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n upon_o which_o she_o show_v herself_o by_o her_o vivid_n motion_n as_o much_o alive_a as_o before_o but_o that_o be_v most_o strange_a which_o we_o observe_v of_o a_o great_a gâ—ay_o house_n snail_n as_o they_o call_v it_o which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n do_v not_o only_o not_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o drawing-out_a of_o the_o air_n for_o that_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherewith_o sâ—â—il_n use_v to_o stick_v themselves_o even_o to_o the_o smooth_a body_n but_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o deprive_v of_o progressive_a motion_n by_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o air_n though_o except_o this_o snail_n we_o never_o put_v any_o live_a creature_n into_o our_o receiver_n who_o it_o do_v not_o either_o kill_v or_o at_o least_o reduce_v to_o seem_v ready_a to_o die_v but_o as_o we_o shall_v not_o here_o examine_v what_o interest_n the_o glutinous_a and_o uneasy_o dissipable_a nature_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o snail_n may_v have_v on_o this_o event_n so_o whether_o this_o escape_n of_o our_o eel_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o particular_a and_o vivacious_a nature_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o fish_n or_o to_o this_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o indeed_o necessary_a to_o the_o life_n of_o fish_n or_o final_o to_o this_o that_o though_o these_o animal_n need_v some_o air_n yet_o they_o need_v so_o little_a that_o that_o which_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n may_v at_o least_o for_o a_o while_n suffice_v they_o we_o will_v not_o now_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v that_o paradox_n of_o hypocrates_n which_o some_o learned_a physician_n have_v of_o late_o revive_v namely_o that_o the_o foetus_fw-la respire_v in_o the_o womb_n for_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v very_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o air_n shall_v traverse_v the_o body_n of_o the_o mother_n and_o the_o tegument_n of_o the_o child_n and_o since_o nature_n have_v in_o newborn_a babe_n contrive_v peculiar_a and_o temporary_a vessel_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v circulate_v through_o other_o passage_n than_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o the_o same_o individual_n when_o they_o come_v to_o have_v the_o free_a use_n of_o their_o lung_n it_o seem_v unlikely_a thâ—t_a infant_n in_o the_o womb_n do_v proper_o respire_v but_o then_o since_o our_o experiment_n have_v manifest_v that_o almost_o all_o kind_n of_o liquor_n do_v as_o well_o as_o water_n abound_v with_o interspersed_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n it_o seem_v not_o altogether_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o when_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v grow_v big_a he_o may_v especial_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o involving_a amnio_n be_v destitute_a of_o liquor_n and_o fill_v only_o with_o a_o halituous_a substance_n exercise_v some_o obscure_a respiration_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o as_o many_o wise_a man_n think_v it_o a_o fable_n that_o child_n have_v be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o mother_n womb._n for_o though_o it_o happen_v exceed_v rare_o yet_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o i_o know_v a_o young_a lady_n who_o friend_n when_o she_o be_v some_o year_n since_o with_o child_n complain_v to_o i_o that_o she_o be_v several_a time_n much_o fright_v with_o the_o cry_v of_o her_o infant_n
which_o till_o i_o disabused_a her_n she_o and_o her_o friend_n look_v upon_o as_o portentous_a and_o such_o observation_n be_v the_o more_o credible_a because_o not_o only_a housewife_n but_o more_o judicious_a person_n mention_v it_o as_o no_o very_a unfrequent_a thing_n to_o hear_v the_o chick_n pip_n or_o cry_n in_o the_o egg_n before_o the_o shell_n be_v break_v but_o this_o i_o mention_v but_o as_o a_o probable_a not_o a_o cogent_a argument_n till_o i_o can_v discover_v whether_o a_o elision_n of_o a_o halituous_a substance_n though_o no_o true_a air_n may_v not_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o larynx_n produce_v a_o sound_n since_o i_o find_v that_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n hold_v in_o several_a posture_n in_o the_o stream_n of_o vapour_n or_o rarify_v water_n that_o issu'_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n will_v afford_v various_a and_o very_a audible_a sound_n i_o have_v thought_n of_o convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n young_a one_o rip_v out_o of_o the_o womb_n of_o their_o dam_n with_o their_o involving_a coat_n entire_a but_o can_v not_o procure_v they_o and_o i_o have_v also_o have_v thought_n of_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o practicable_a to_o make_v a_o receiver_n though_o not_o all_o of_o glass_n yet_o with_o little_a glass_n window_n so_o place_v that_o one_o may_v free_o look_v into_o it_o capacious_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o man_n who_o may_v observe_v several_a thing_n both_o touch_v respiration_n and_o divers_a other_o matter_n and_o who_o in_o case_n of_o faint_a may_v by_o give_v a_o sign_n of_o his_o weakness_n be_v immediate_o relieve_v by_o have_v air_n let_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o by_o accustomance_n some_o man_n may_v bring_v themselves_o to_o support_v the_o want_n of_o air_n a_o pretty_a while_n since_o we_o see_v that_o divers_a will_v live_v so_o much_o long_o than_o other_o man_n under_o water_n that_o those_o that_o dive_v for_o pearl_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o stay_v a_o whole_a hour_n under_o water_n and_o cardan_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o colanus_n a_o diver_n in_o sicily_n who_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v if_o cardan_n neither_o mistake_n 11._o cardan_n de_fw-fr subtilitat_fw-la lib._n 11._o nor_o impose_v upon_o we_o three_o or_o four_o time_n as_o long_o not_o to_o mind_v your_o lordship_n that_o you_o have_v yourself_o often_o see_v in_o england_n a_o corpulent_a man_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o thames_n and_o bring_v out_o of_o the_o deep_a hole_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bank_n large_a fish_n alive_a in_o his_o hand_n 15._o lib_n 3._o c._n 15._o and_o acosta_n tell_v we_o he_o see_v in_o peru_n the_o like_a manner_n of_o fish_v but_o more_o difficult_a practise_v by_o the_o indian_n i_o make_v mention_n of_o some_o man_n and_o of_o accustomance_n because_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o who_o though_o they_o use_v themselves_o to_o it_o by_o degree_n be_v fit_a to_o support_v for_o many_o minute_n the_o want_n of_o air._n insomuch_o that_o a_o ingenious_a man_n of_o my_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o useful_a skill_n of_o draw_v good_n and_o even_o ordnance_n out_o of_o sink_v ship_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o how_o long_o he_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v at_o the_o depth_n of_o 50._o or_o 60._o foot_n under_o water_n without_o the_o use_n of_o respiration_n confess_v to_o i_o that_o he_o can_v continue_v above_o two_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n without_o resort_v to_o the_o air_n which_o he_o carry_v down_o with_o he_o in_o a_o certain_a engine_n whereof_o i_o can_v show_v your_o lordship_n a_o description_n another_o thing_n i_o also_o learn_v of_o he_o by_o enquiry_n that_o be_v not_o despicable_a for_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o find_v any_o use_n of_o chaw_v little_a sponge_n dip_v in_o oil_n in_o his_o mouth_n when_o he_o be_v perfect_o under_o water_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o engine_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o sponge_n he_o can_v much_o long_o support_v the_o want_n of_o his_o wont_a respiration_n than_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v without_o they_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o which_o will_v perhaps_o if_o discover_v teach_v we_o some_o thing_n pertinent_a to_o the_o problem_n touch_v the_o respiration_n of_o fish_n but_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o animal_n unaccustomed_a to_o the_o want_n of_o it_o may_v best_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o we_o try_v in_o our_o engine_n to_o discover_v whether_o infect_v themselves_o have_v not_o either_o respiration_n or_o some_o other_o use_n of_o the_o air_n equivalent_a thereunto_o we_o take_v then_o a_o humble-bee_n one_o of_o those_o common_a fly_n that_o be_v call_v flesh_n fly_v and_o one_o of_o those_o hairy_a worm_n that_o resemble_v caterpillar_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v palmerworme_n these_o three_o we_o convey_v into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n and_o observe_v to_o the_o great_a wonder_n of_o the_o beholder_n that_o not_o only_o the_o bee_n and_o the_o fly_n fall_v down_o and_o lay_v with_o their_o belly_n upward_o but_o the_o worm_n itself_o seem_v to_o be_v sudden_o strike_v dead_a all_o of_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o lie_v without_o motion_n or_o any_o other_o discernible_a sign_n of_o life_n within_o somewhat_o less_o if_o we_o mistake_v not_o than_o one_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o this_o notwithstanding_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o animal_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o circumstance_n we_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o we_o find_v that_o the_o vessel_n be_v not_o free_a from_o leak_n and_o to_o satisfy_v the_o spectator_n that_o it_o be_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o air_n that_o cause_v this_o great_a and_o sudden_a change_n we_o have_v no_o soon_o readmit_v the_o air_n at_o the_o stopcock_n than_o all_o the_o three_o infect_v begin_v to_o show_v sign_n of_o life_n and_o little_a by_o little_a to_o recover_v but_o when_o we_o have_v again_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n their_o motion_n present_o cease_v &_o they_o fall_v down_o seem_o dead_a as_o before_o continue_v moveless_a as_o long_o as_o by_o continue_v to_o pump_v the_o vessel_n be_v keep_v exhaust_v this_o invite_v we_o thankful_o to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o wise_a goodness_n of_o the_o creator_n who_o by_o give_v the_o air_n a_o spring_n have_v make_v it_o so_o very_o difficult_a as_o man_n find_v it_o to_o exclude_v a_o thing_n so_o necessary_a to_o animal_n and_o it_o give_v we_o also_o occasion_n to_o suspect_v that_o if_o infect_v have_v no_o lung_n nor_o any_o part_n analogous_a thereunto_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n affect_v they_o and_o relieve_v they_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o their_o skin_n it_o not_o be_v irrational_a to_o extend_v to_o these_o creature_n that_o of_o hypocrates_n who_o say_v that_o a_o live_a body_n be_v throughout_o perspirable_a or_o to_o use_v his_o expression_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dispose_v to_o admit_v and_o part_v with_o what_o be_v spirituous_a which_o may_v be_v somewhat_o illustrate_v by_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o note_v that_o the_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o air_n ready_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o and_o recede_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o beard_n of_o wild_a oat_n and_o those_o of_o divers_a other_o wild_a plant_n which_o almost_o continual_o wreath_n and_o unwreath_v themselves_o according_a to_o even_o the_o light_a variation_n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n this_o circumstance_n of_o our_o experiment_n we_o particular_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o when_o at_o any_o time_n upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o bee_n begin_v to_o recover_v the_o first_o sign_n of_o life_n she_o give_v be_v a_o vehement_a pant_a which_o appear_v near_o the_o taâ—l_n which_o we_o therefore_o mention_v because_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o bee_n drown_v in_o water_n when_o they_o first_o come_v to_o be_v revive_v by_o a_o convenient_a heat_n as_o if_o the_o air_n be_v in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o proper_a to_o set_v the_o spirit_n and_o alimental_a juice_n a_o move_a as_o heat_n be_v in_o the_o other_o and_o this_o may_v perchance_o deserve_v a_o further_a consideration_n we_o may_v add_v that_o we_o scarce_o ever_o see_v any_o thing_n that_o seem_v so_o much_o as_o this_o experiment_n to_o manifest_v that_o even_o live_a creature_n man_n always_o except_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o curious_a engine_n frame_v and_o contrive_v by_o nature_n or_o rather_o the_o author_n of_o it_o much_o more_o skilful_o than_o our_o gross_a tool_n and_o unperfect_a wit_n can_v reach_v to_o for_o in_o our_o present_a instance_n we_o see_v animal_n vivid_v and_o perfect_o sound_a deprive_v immediate_o of_o
themselves_o such_o than_o it_o be_v whilst_o the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n continue_v unremoved_a it_o may_v indeed_o be_v suspect_v that_o those_o vast_a &_o numerous_a bubble_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o coral_n but_o from_o the_o sudden_a emersion_n of_o those_o many_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o as_o we_o former_o observe_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v disperse_v in_o liquor_n without_o exclude_v spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o have_v have_v this_o suspicion_n before_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n we_o convey_v our_o distil_a vinager_n alone_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o keep_v it_o awhile_o there_o to_o free_v it_o from_o its_o bubble_n which_o be_v but_o very_o small_a before_o ever_o we_o put_v the_o coral_n into_o it_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v likewise_o that_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o liquor_n necessary_a follow_v upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o pump_v may_v occasion_v the_o recite_v ebullition_n but_o upon_o trial_n make_v there_o appear_v not_o any_o notable_a change_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o its_o operation_n though_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v shake_v provide_v no_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o it_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v another_o time_n try_v in_o another_o small_a receiver_n with_o coral_n gross_o powder_v and_o the_o success_n be_v very_o much_o alike_o scarce_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o coral_n be_v reduce_v to_o small_a part_n upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n so_o many_o little_a lump_n of_o coral_n will_v be_v carry_v &_o buoy_z up_o by_o the_o emerge_a bubble_n as_o sometime_o to_o darken_v the_o viol_n though_o the_o same_o coralline_a corpuscle_n will_v be_v let_v fall_n again_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air._n something_o also_o we_o try_v in_o our_o great_a receiver_n concern_v the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o other_o corrosive_a liquor_n but_o partly_o the_o 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notice_n of_o in_o common_a water_n then_o almost_o fill_v with_o it_o a_o glass_n viol._n capable_a of_o contain_v near_o four_o ounce_n of_o that_o liquor_n we_o convey_v it_o while_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o hot_a into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n big_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o cover_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o upon_o the_o two_o first_o exsuction_n there_o scarce_o appear_v any_o change_n in_o the_o liquor_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o notable_a alteration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o but_o at_o the_o four_o and_o afterward_o the_o water_n appear_v to_o boil_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o if_o it_o have_v stand_v over_o a_o very_a quick_a fire_n for_o the_o bubble_n be_v much_o great_a than_o be_v usual_o find_v upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o very_a much_o more_o water_n than_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o viol._n and_o this_o effervescence_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o liquor_n boil_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o it_o run_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o sometime_o continue_v though_o more_o languid_o boil_v there_o prosecute_a this_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o first_o ebullition_n we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n before_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v again_o but_o at_o other_o time_n as_o often_o as_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o effervescence_n will_v begin_v afresh_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v for_o a_o pretty_a while_n together_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n either_o the_o fiery_a corpuscle_n or_o rather_o the_o vapour_n agitate_a by_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o water_n which_o last_o what_o we_o have_v former_o note_v touch_v the_o rarefy_a water_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n manifest_a to_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o elastical_a power_n be_v permit_v to_o expand_v themselves_o mighty_o in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n and_o do_v in_o their_o tumultuous_fw-la dilatio_fw-la lift_v up_o as_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o bubble_n make_v the_o water_n appear_v boil_v this_o conjecture_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o these_o additional_a circumstance_n first_o the_o effervescence_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a remain_v quiet_a unless_o the_o liquor_n be_v but_o shallow_a next_o although_o sometime_o as_o be_v already_o note_v the_o ebullition_n begin_v again_o after_o it_o have_v cease_v a_o pretty_a while_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o some_o concurrent_a cause_n whatever_o that_o be_v do_v a_o little_a modify_v the_o operation_n of_o heat_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o viol_n can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v any_o more_o the_o selfsame_a water_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o viol_n warm_v again_o and_o reconvey_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a glass_n be_v quick_o bring_v to_o boil_v afresh_o and_o that_o vehement_o and_o long_o enough_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o a_o new_a parcel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o the_o boil_a water_n with_o the_o former_a and_o put_v in_o cold_a can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o least_o show_n of_o effervescence_n beside_o have_v try_v this_o experiment_n in_o hot_a salad_n oil_n be_v a_o much_o more_o tenacious_a liquor_n and_o require_v a_o strong_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o boil_v can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o effervescence_n in_o our_o reciver_n whereas_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v thin_a and_o more_o volatile_a be_v present_o make_v to_o boil_v up_o till_o it_o reach_v four_o or_o five_o time_n its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o viol_n in_o who_o bottom_n it_o lay_v and_o continue_v boil_v till_o it_o be_v almost_o reduce_v to_o be_v but_o lukewarm_a wine_n also_o be_v a_o more_o thin_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v convey_v in_o hot_a instead_o of_o the_o oil_n do_v as_o i_o remember_v at_o the_o very_a first_o exsuction_n begin_v to_o boil_v so_o vehement_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n that_o the_o pump_n be_v keep_v move_v four_o part_n of_o five_o by_o our_o guess_n boil_v over_o out_o of_o the_o viol_n though_o it_o have_v a_o pretty_a long_a neck_n on_o which_o occasion_n we_o will_v add_v that_o even_o the_o water_n itself_o near_o one_o half_a will_v sometime_o boil_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n before_o it_o become_v lukewarm_a and_o it_o be_v also_o remarkable_a that_o once_o when_o the_o air_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o the_o liquor_n do_v upon_o a_o single_a exsuction_n boil_v so_o long_o with_o prodigious_o vast_a bubble_n that_o the_o effervescence_n last_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o rehearse_n of_o a_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la now_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v more_o than_o once_o and_o find_v to_o succeed_v as_o to_o the_o main_a seem_v much_o to_o countenance_v the_o conjecture_n we_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o letter_n where_o we_o tell_v your_o lordship_n that_o perhaps_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o more_o phaenomena_n then_o man_n have_v hitherto_o think_v for_o as_o we_o have_v not_o then_o make_v this_o experiment_n so_o now_o we_o have_v make_v it_o it_o seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o air_n by_o its_o strong_a or_o weak_a pressure_n may_v very_o much_o modify_v as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v divers_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o that_o vehement_a and_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n
willing_a to_o oblige_v all_o man_n he_o have_v already_o provide_v that_o this_o piece_n shall_v short_o be_v do_v into_o latin_a that_o so_o it_o may_v come_v home_o to_o divers_a worthy_a person_n in_o its_o stream_n who_o can_v travel_v to_o find_v it_o out_o in_o its_o first_o origine_fw-la have_v therefore_o leave_v so_o to_o do_v i_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v the_o world_n the_o advertisement_n of_o this_o latin_a edition_n lest_o some_o skilful_a artist_n shall_v take_v needless_a pain_n about_o a_o work_n which_o will_v ere_o long_o by_o god_n furtherance_n be_v do_v to_o his_o hand_n for_o such_o unprofitable_a expense_n of_o study_n have_v too_o frequent_o happen_v and_o too_o much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o learning_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a correspondence_n and_o intercourse_n between_o such_o as_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o wisdom_n this_o be_v all_o the_o trouble_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a give_v you_o nor_o shall_v i_o need_v mind_n thou_o if_o you_o have_v a_o true_a gust_n for_o the_o book_n you_o read_v to_o have_v a_o honour_n and_o thankful_a regard_n to_o the_o person_n that_o have_v favour_v we_o with_o the_o communication_n of_o these_o his_o trial_n &_o be_v manifest_o so_o great_a a_o patron_n and_o friend_n to_o experimental_a learning_n and_o all_o true_a wisdom_n for_o shall_v you_o fail_v in_o this_o you_o may_v deserve_o be_v deprive_v of_o some_o other_o observation_n on_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o the_o author_n i_o hear_v have_v make_v since_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v that_o i_o do_v not_o make_v excuse_n for_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o publication_n hope_v that_o the_o long_a expectation_n you_o have_v have_v of_o it_o will_v enhance_v and_o not_o diminish_v your_o delight_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o a_o piece_n like_a to_o be_v among_o the_o student_n in_o accurate_a philosophy_n of_o so_o general_a acceptance_n farewell_o r_o sh._n a_o summary_n of_o the_o chief_a matter_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o epistolical_a discourse_n the_o proaemium_fw-la wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n 1._o the_o motive_n that_o induce_v the_o author_n thereunto_o 2_o etc._n etc._n the_o hint_n he_o receive_v 5._o the_o thing_n wherein_o this_o engine_n excel_v any_o that_o have_v yet_o be_v make_v use_n of_o 6_o etc._n etc._n the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o its_o part_n 8_o etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o prepare_v and_o use_v it_o 15_o etc._n etc._n the_o division_n of_o the_o experiment_n tryable_a thereby_o into_o two_o sort_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o exclude_v the_o air._n 18_o etc._n etc._n the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o receiver_n be_v empty_v â—0_n etc._n etc._n a_o digression_n touch_v the_o spring_n or_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o air_n with_o a_o attempt_n for_o a_o mechanical_a explication_n thereof_o necessary_a to_o be_v premise_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o this_o and_o the_o subsequent_a experiment_n 22_o etc._n etc._n the_o second_o experiment_n touch_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n it_o environ_n 37_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o digressive_a explication_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n include_v within_o a_o ambient_fw-la body_n 39_o etc._n etc._n the_o three_o experiment_n touch_v the_o force_n requisite_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n 42_o etc._n etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o a_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n examine_v 44_o etc._n etc._n the_o four_o experiment_n touch_v the_o swell_n of_o a_o bladder_n with_o the_o degree_n by_o which_o it_o increase_v 45_o etc._n etc._n another_o opinion_n of_o a_o learned_a author_n examine_v 48_o etc._n etc._n the_o five_o experiment_n touch_v the_o break_n of_o a_o bladder_n in_o the_o receiver_n 49_o etc._n etc._n and_o of_o another_o by_o heat_n 52_o the_o six_o experiment_n of_o divers_a way_n by_o which_o the_o elastical_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v measure_v 52_o &c_n &c_n the_o seven_o experiment_n touch_v what_o figure_n do_v best_a resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n 62_o etc._n etc._n the_o eight_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o further_a demonstration_n of_o the_o former_a from_o the_o break_n of_o glass_n a_o helmet_n inward_a 64_o etc._n etc._n the_o nine_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a confirmation_n from_o the_o break_n of_o a_o glass_n outward_a 66_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o experiment_n to_o prove_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v not_o from_o a_o invincible_a fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la 69._o a_o description_n of_o other_o small_a receiver_n and_o their_o conveniency_n 70_o etc._n etc._n a_o receipt_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o composition_n to_o cement_v crack_v glass_n 73_o the_o ten_o experiment_n touch_v the_o flame_a of_o candle_n enclose_v in_o the_o receiver_n 74_o etc._n etc._n the_o eleven_o experiment_n touch_v the_o burn_a of_o coal_n 78._o and_o the_o last_a of_o the_o excandescence_n of_o a_o include_v piece_n of_o iron_n 80._o the_o twelve_o experiment_n concern_v the_o burn_a of_o match_n 82_o the_o thirteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o further_a prosecution_n of_o the_o precede_a tend_v to_o prove_v the_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n not_o to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o the_o fume_n 84._o some_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o it_o 86._o the_o experiment_n of_o match_n try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 87_o the_o fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o strike_a fire_n and_o kindle_v of_o powder_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n 88_o etc._n etc._n the_o fifteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o unsuccessfulness_n of_o kindle_v include_v body_n with_o a_o burn_a glass_n and_o the_o author_n intention_n to_o prosecute_v it_o further_o 102_o the_o sixteenth_o experiment_n concern_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n 105_o etc._n etc._n the_o seventeen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o gradual_a descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n 106_o etc._n etc._n some_o observable_a circumstance_n concern_v it_o 112_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o experiment_n try_v in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n 115._o how_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o know_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n for_o every_o degree_n of_o rarefaction_n 1â—6_n etc._n etc._n the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o experiment_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o two_o foot_n long_o 118._o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n by_o the_o force_n of_o more_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n 119._o some_o allegation_n for_o and_o against_o a_o vacuum_n consider_v 1â—0_o etc._n etc._n some_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o measure_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o define_n the_o altitute_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o from_o the_o neglect_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n apt_a to_o remain_v between_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o tube_n 123_o etc._n etc._n some_o expedient_n for_o the_o more_o exact_a fill_v the_o tube_n 127._o the_o height_n the_o author_n once_o find_v of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n according_a to_o english_a measure_n 128._o the_o eighteen_o experiment_n contain_v a_o new_a observation_n touch_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n in_o the_o same_o tube_n with_o a_o offer_n at_o the_o reason_n thereof_o 129_o etc._n etc._n the_o 19_o experiment_n touch_v the_o subside_v of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 140_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 143_o the_o 20_o experiment_n touch_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n with_o a_o digressive_a experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 144_o etc._n etc._n the_o 21_o experiment_n be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a enquiry_n by_o experiment_v the_o generation_n of_o bubble_n under_o water_n a_o recital_n of_o some_o notable_a circumstance_n with_o some_o observable_a corollary_n deduce_v therefrom_o 147_o etc._n etc._n the_o 22_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o determination_n of_o the_o enquiry_n propose_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n by_o prove_v the_o matter_n of_o these_o bubble_n from_o their_o permanency_n to_o be_v air_n the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o great_a and_o small_a receiver_n evince_v the_o same_o thing_n 155_o etc._n etc._n a_o experiment_n wherein_o there_o appear_v bubble_n in_o quicksilver_n 160._o the_o author_n inference_n 162._o a_o digressive_a enquiry_n whether_o or_o no_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v anew_o with_o several_a history_n and_o experiment_n tend_v to_o the_o resolve_v and_o clear_v thereof_o 162_o etc._n etc._n the_o author_n excuse_n for_o so_o long_a a_o digression_n 181_o the_o 23_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a