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much_o as_o touch_v
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those_o that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v produce_v for_o true_a cause_n thereof_o there_o be_v not_o one_o wherewith_o work_v by_o what_o artifice_n you_o will_v we_o be_v able_a to_o represent_v such_o a_o effect_n in_o regard_n that_o neither_o with_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n nor_o of_o the_o sun_n nor_o with_o temperate_a heat_n nor_o with_o different_a profundity_n shall_v one_o ever_o artificial_o make_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o immovable_a vessel_n to_o run_v one_o way_n or_o another_o and_o to_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o but_o if_o without_o any_o other_o artifice_n but_o with_o the_o only_o move_v of_o the_o vessel_n i_o be_o able_a punctual_o to_o represent_v all_o those_o mutation_n that_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n why_o will_v you_o refuse_v this_o reason_n and_o run_v to_o a_o miracle_n simp_n i_o will_v run_v to_o a_o miracle_n still_o if_o you_o do_v not_o with_o some_o other_o natural_a cause_n beside_o 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upon_o a_o admirable_a experiment_n i_o will_v superabundant_o satisfy_v he_o and_o confirm_v to_o sagredus_fw-la the_o mobility_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o air_n and_o in_o particular_a that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o ascend_v not_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v carry_v round_o by_o the_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n from_o whence_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o it_o must_v of_o consequence_n come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o case_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o uneven_a but_o smooth_a and_o plain_a no_o cause_n will_v remain_v for_o draw_v the_o air_n along_o with_o it_o or_o at_o least_o for_o revolve_v it_o with_o so_o much_o uniformity_n now_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o our_o globe_n be_v not_o all_o craggy_a and_o rugged_a but_o there_o be_v exceed_o great_a tract_n very_o even_o to_o wit_n the_o surface_n of_o very_o vast_a sea_n which_o be_v also_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o continuate_a ledge_n of_o mountain_n which_o environ_v it_o seem_v to_o have_v no_o faculty_n of_o carry_v the_o super-ambient_a air_n along_o therewith_o and_o not_o carry_v it_o about_o we_o may_v perceive_v what_o will_v of_o consequence_n ensue_v in_o those_o place_n simp_n i_o be_v about_o to_o propose_v the_o very_a same_o difficulty_n which_o i_o think_v be_v of_o great_a validity_n salv_n you_o say_v very_o well_o simplicius_n for_o from_o the_o not_o find_v in_o the_o air_n that_o which_o of_o consequence_n will_v follow_v do_v this_o our_o globe_n move_v round_o you_o argue_v its_o immoveablenesse_n but_o in_o case_n that_o this_o which_o you_o think_v aught_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n to_o be_v find_v be_v indeed_o by_o experience_n prove_v to_o be_v so_o will_v you_o accept_v it_o for_o a_o sufficient_a testimony_n and_o a_o argument_n for_o the_o mobility_n of_o
therefore_o neither_o the_o whole_a earth_n nor_o the_o whole_a water_n nor_o the_o whole_a air_n can_v secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la be_v drive_v or_o force_v out_o of_o their_o proper_a place_n site_z or_o systeme_n in_o the_o universe_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o order_n and_o disposition_n of_o other_o mundane_a body_n and_o thus_o there_o be_v no_o star_n though_o erratic_a orb_n or_o sphere_n that_o can_v desert_n its_o natural_a place_n although_o it_o may_v otherwise_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o motion_n therefore_o all_o thing_n how_o movable_a soever_o be_v notwithstanding_o say_v to_o be_v stable_n and_o immovable_a in_o their_o proper_a place_n according_a to_o the_o foresay_a sense_n i.e._n secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la for_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o secundum_fw-la part_v they_o may_v some_o waymove_v which_o motion_n shall_v not_o be_v natural_a but_o violent_a therefore_o the_o earth_n although_o it_o shall_v be_v movable_a yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v immovable_a according_a to_o the_o precedent_a maxim_n for_o that_o its_o neither_o move_v in_o a_o right_a motion_n nor_o out_o of_o the_o course_n assign_v it_o in_o its_o creation_n for_o the_o stand_a rule_n of_o its_o motion_n but_o keep_v within_o its_o own_o site_n be_v place_v in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o grand_a orb_n earth_n above_o venus_n and_o beneath_o mars_n and_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o these_o which_o according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v the_o sun_n place_n it_o equal_o and_o continual_o move_v about_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o two_o other_o intermediate_v planet_n namely_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o have_v the_o moon_n which_o be_v another_o earth_n body_n but_o aetherial_a as_o macrobius_n after_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o about_o itself_o from_o whence_o inasmuch_o as_o she_o persist_v uniform_o in_o her_o course_n and_o never_o at_o any_o time_n depart_v from_o it_o she_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v stable_n and_o immovable_a and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n heaven_n likewise_o with_o all_o the_o element_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v immovable_a the_o five_o maxim_n follow_v be_v little_a different_a from_o the_o former_a among_o the_o thing_n create_v by_o god_n some_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o their_o part_n may_v be_v ab_fw-la inuicem_fw-la or_o by_o turn_n separate_v from_o themselves_o and_o disjoined_n from_o their_o whole_a other_o may_v not_o at_o least_o take_v collective_o now_o those_o be_v perishable_a but_o these_o perpetual_a the_o earth_n therefore_o since_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v permanent_a place_n as_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v its_o part_n not_o dissipable_a nor_o ab_fw-la inuicem_fw-la separable_a from_o its_o centre_n whereby_o its_o true_a and_o proper_a place_n be_v assign_v it_o and_o from_o its_o whole_a take_v collective_o because_o according_a to_o its_o whole_a it_o be_v always_o preserve_v compact_a unite_a and_o coherent_a in_o itself_o nor_o can_v its_o part_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o centre_n or_o from_o one_o another_o unless_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la and_o violent_o in_o some_o of_o its_o part_n which_o afterward_o the_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v return_v to_o their_o natural_a station_n spontaneous_o and_o without_o any_o impulse_n in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v say_v to_o be_v immovable_a and_o immutable_a yea_o even_o the_o sea_n aire_n heaven_n and_o any_o other_o thing_n although_o otherwise_o movable_a so_o long_o as_o its_o part_n be_v not_o dissipable_a and_o separable_a may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v immovable_a at_o last_o take_v collective_o this_o principle_n or_o maxim_n differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n only_o in_o that_o this_o refer_v to_o the_o part_n in_o order_n to_o place_n and_o this_o in_o order_n to_o the_o whole_a from_o this_o speculation_n another_o secret_n be_v discover_v be_v for_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v wherein_o the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a formality_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o levity_n of_o body_n consist_v a_o point_n which_o be_v not_o so_o clear_o hold_v forth_o nor_o so_o undeniable_o explain_v by_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n gravity_n therefore_o be_v nothing_o else_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o new_a opinion_n than_o a_o certain_a power_n and_o appetite_n of_o the_o part_n to_o rejoin_v with_o their_o whole_a and_o there_o to_o rest_v as_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n which_o faculty_n or_o disposition_n be_v by_o divine_a providence_n bestow_v not_o only_o on_o the_o earth_n and_o terrene_a body_n levity_n but_o as_o be_v believe_v on_o celestial_a body_n also_o namely_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n all_o who_o part_n be_v by_o this_o impulsion_n connect_v and_o conserve_v together_o cleave_v close_o to_o each_o other_o and_o on_o all_o side_n press_v towards_o their_o centre_n until_o they_o come_v to_o rest_v there_o from_o which_o concourse_n and_o compression_n a_o spherical_a and_o orbicular_a figure_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n be_v produce_v wherein_o by_o this_o occult_a quality_n natural_o incident_a to_o each_o of_o they_o they_o of_o themselves_o subsist_v and_o be_v always_o preserve_v but_o levity_n be_v the_o extrusion_n and_o exclusion_n of_o a_o more_o tenuose_fw-la and_o thin_a body_n from_o the_o commerce_n of_o one_o more_o solid_a and_o dense_a levity_n that_o be_v heterogeneal_a to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o heat_n whereupon_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o grave_a body_n be_v compressive_a so_o the_o motion_n of_o light_a body_n be_v extensive_a for_o it_o be_v the_o propperty_n of_o heat_n to_o dilate_v and_o rarify_v those_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o do_v apply_v conjoin_v and_o communicate_v itself_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o find_v levity_n and_o gravity_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o our_o terestrial_a globe_n and_o the_o body_n adjacent_a to_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o body_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n in_o which_o those_o part_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o proclivity_n make_v towards_o their_o centre_n be_v grave_a and_o those_o that_o incline_v to_o the_o circumference_n light_n and_o so_o in_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n there_o be_v part_n as_o well_o grave_a as_o light_n body_n and_o consequent_o heaven_n itself_o that_o so_o noble_a body_n and_o of_o a_o five_o essence_n shall_v not_o be_v constitute_v of_o a_o matter_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o element_n be_v free_a from_o all_o mutation_n in_o its_o substance_n quantity_n and_o quality_n nor_o so_o admirable_a and_o excellent_a as_o aristotle_n will_v make_v we_o to_o believe_v rare_a nor_o yet_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o impermeable_a and_o much_o less_o as_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n very_o believe_v of_o a_o impenetrable_a and_o most_o obdurate_a density_n but_o in_o it_o as_o this_o opinion_n will_v have_v it_o comet_n may_v be_v generate_v and_o the_o sun_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v probable_a exhaling_a or_o attract_v sundry_a vapour_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o its_o body_n may_v perhaps_o produce_v those_o spot_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o various_a and_o irregular_a in_o its_o discus_fw-la of_o which_o galilaeus_fw-la in_o a_o particular_a solarj_n treatise_n have_v most_o excellent_o and_o most_o accurate_o speak_v insomuch_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o beside_o my_o present_a purpose_n yet_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o i_o forbear_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n touch_v those_o matter_n lest_o i_o shall_v seem_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v do_v before_o i_o but_o now_o if_o there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n any_o authority_n contrary_a to_o these_o thing_n it_o may_v be_v salve_v by_o the_o foresay_a argument_n analogical_o apply_v and_o furthermore_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o that_o solidity_n be_v to_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o that_o it_o admit_v of_o no_o vacuum_n cleave_v or_o penetration_n from_o whence_o the_o least_o vacuity_n may_v proceed_v for_o the_o truth_n be_v as_o that_o can_v be_v admit_v in_o bodily_a creature_n so_o it_o be_v likewise_o repugnant_a to_o heaven_n itself_o be_v indeed_o a_o body_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o most_o rare_a of_o all_o other_o 1._o and_o tenuose_fw-la beyond_o all_o humane_a conception_n and_o haply_o have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o air_n as_o the_o air_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v clear_a also_o from_o these_o principle_n how_o false_a these_o word_n of_o aristotle_n be_v that_o of_o one_o simple_a body_n there_o be_v one_o simple_a motion_n and_o this_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n right_o and_o circular_a the_o right_o be_v twofold_a from_o the_o medium_n and_o to_o the_o medium_n the_o first_o of_o light_a body_n as_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n the_o second_o of_o grave_a body_n as_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n the_o circular_a which_o be_v about_o the_o
be_v therein_o altogether_o unconcern_v moreover_o in_o the_o four_o place_n we_o must_v note_v that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o such_o a_o river_n not_o only_o be_v uninteress_v in_o the_o innundation_n though_o augment_v in_o measure_n but_o it_o may_v i_o say_v happen_v that_o it_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o asswage_a the_o innundation_n by_o augment_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o its_o own_o channel_n which_o matter_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a for_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o river_n in_o the_o time_n of_o flood_n have_v not_o have_v of_o itself_o and_o from_o its_o proper_a spring_n more_o water_n than_o ordinary_a it_o be_v a_o thing_n certain_a that_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n rise_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o river_n to_o level_v itself_o with_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n will_v have_v retain_v some_o of_o its_o water_n in_o its_o own_o channel_n without_o discharge_v they_o into_o tiber_n or_o else_o will_v have_v ingorge_v and_o swallow_v if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v some_o of_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n and_o in_o this_o case_n at_o the_o time_n of_o inundation_n less_o abundance_n of_o water_n will_v have_v come_v to_o rome_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o measure_n of_o that_o river_n will_v have_v be_v increase_v five_o fontana_n deceive_v himself_o when_o he_o conclude_v that_o to_o remove_v the_o inundation_n from_o rome_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v two_o other_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o be_v as_o large_a as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o present_a one_o and_o that_o less_o will_v not_o suffice_v which_o i_o say_v be_v a_o fallacy_n and_o to_o convince_v he_o easy_o of_o his_o error_n it_o suffice_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o stream_n be_v pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a as_o he_o himself_o atte_v a_o channel_n will_v suffice_v only_o of_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o say_a bridge_n provide_v that_o the_o water_n there_o may_v run_v with_o the_o same_o velocity_n as_o it_o do_v under_o the_o bridge_n at_o the_o time_n of_o inundation_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a twenty_o current_n of_o capacity_n equal_a to_o the_o present_a one_o will_v not_o suffice_v if_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v with_o twenty_o time_n less_o velocity_n than_o it_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inundation_n six_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v a_o great_a weakness_n to_o say_v that_o there_o shall_v pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a a_o hundred_o fifty_o one_o ell_n of_o water_n compress_v for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o water_n be_v like_o cotton_n or_o wool_n which_o matter_n may_v be_v press_v and_o tread_v as_o it_o happen_v also_o to_o the_o air_n which_o receive_v compression_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o after_o that_o in_o some_o certain_a place_n a_o quantity_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o natural_a constitution_n and_o have_v take_v up_o all_o the_o say_a place_n yet_o nevertheless_o compress_v the_o first_o air_n with_o force_n and_o violence_n it_o be_v reduce_v into_o far_o less_o room_n and_o will_v admit_v four_o or_o six_o time_n as_o much_o air_n as_o before_z as_o be_v experimental_o engine_n see_v in_o the_o windgun_n invent_v in_o our_o day_n by_o m._n vincenzo_n vincenti_fw-la of_o urbin_n which_o property_n of_o the_o air_n of_o admit_v condensation_n be_v also_o see_v in_o the_o portable_a fountain_n of_o the_o same_o m._n vincenzo_n which_o fountain_n spurt_v the_o water_n on_o high_a by_o force_n of_o the_o air_n compress_v which_o whilst_o it_o seek_v to_o reduce_v its_o self_n to_o its_o natural_a constitution_n in_o the_o dilation_n cause_v that_o violence_n but_o the_o water_n can_v never_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v crowd_n or_o press_v so_o as_o that_o if_o before_o the_o compression_n it_o hold_v or_o possess_v a_o place_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n i_o believe_v not_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a by_o press_v and_o crowd_v to_o make_v it_o possess_v less_o room_n for_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o compress_v the_o water_n and_o make_v it_o to_o occupy_v a_o less_o place_n it_o will_v thence_o follow_v that_o two_o vessel_n of_o equal_a measure_n but_o of_o unequal_a height_n shall_v be_v of_o unequal_a capacity_n and_o that_o shall_v hold_v more_o water_n which_o be_v high_a also_o a_o cylinder_n or_o other_o vessel_n more_o high_a than_o broad_a will_v contain_v more_o water_n erect_v than_o be_v lay_v along_o for_o that_o be_v erect_v the_o water_n put_v therein_o will_v be_v more_o press_v and_o crowd_v and_o therefore_o in_o our_o case_n according_a to_o our_o principle_n we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o stream_n pass_v all_o under_o the_o say_a bridge_n quattro-capi_a for_o that_o be_v there_o most_o swift_a it_o ought_v of_o consequence_n to_o be_v less_o in_o measure_n and_o here_o one_o may_v see_v into_o how_o many_o error_n a_o man_n may_v run_v through_o ignorance_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a principle_n which_o once_o know_v and_o well_o understand_v take_v away_o all_o mist_n of_o doubt_v and_o easy_o resolve_v all_o difficulty_n corollary_n xii_o through_o the_o same_o inadvertency_n of_o not_o regard_v the_o variation_n of_o velocity_n in_o the_o same_o current_n there_o be_v commit_v by_o ingineer_n and_o learned_a man_n error_n of_o very_a great_a moment_n and_o i_o can_v thereof_o produce_v example_n but_o for_o good_a reason_n i_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n when_o they_o think_v and_o propose_v by_o derive_v new_a channel_n from_o great_a river_n to_o diminish_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n and_o to_o diminish_v it_o proportional_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n which_o they_o make_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o channel_n as_o make_v v._n g._n a_o channel_n fifty_o foot_n broad_a in_o which_o the_o derive_v water_n be_v to_o run_v waste_n ten_o foot_n deep_a they_o think_v they_o have_v diminish_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n five_o hundred_o foot_n which_o thing_n do_v not_o indeed_o so_o fall_v out_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o that_o the_o channel_n be_v derive_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o main_a river_n diminish_v in_o velocity_n and_o therefore_o retain_v a_o great_a measure_n than_o it_o have_v at_o first_o before_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o moreover_o if_o the_o channel_n be_v derive_v it_o shall_v not_o conserve_v the_o same_o velocity_n which_o it_o have_v at_o first_o in_o the_o main_a river_n but_o shall_v diminish_v it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a measure_n than_o it_o have_v before_o in_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o to_o account_v aright_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o much_o water_n derive_v into_o the_o channel_n as_o shall_v diminish_v the_o river_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o channel_n as_o be_v pretend_v corollary_n xiii_o this_o same_o consideration_n give_v i_o occasion_n to_o discover_v a_o most_o ordinary_a error_n observe_v by_o i_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o water_n of_o ferara_n when_o i_o be_v in_o those_o part_n in_o service_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a and_o illustrious_a monsignor_n corsini_n the_o sublime_a wit_n of_o who_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a help_n to_o i_o in_o these_o contemplation_n it_o be_v very_o true_a i_o have_v be_v much_o perplex_v whether_o i_o shall_v commit_v this_o particular_a to_o paper_n or_o pass_v it_o over_o in_o silence_n for_o that_o i_o have_v ever_o doubt_v that_o the_o opinion_n so_o common_a and_o moreover_o confirm_v with_o a_o most_o manifest_a experiment_n may_v not_o only_o make_v this_o my_o conjecture_n to_o be_v esteem_v far_o from_o true_a but_o also_o to_o discredit_v with_o the_o world_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o my_o treatise_n nevertheless_o i_o have_v at_o last_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v want_v to_o myself_o and_o to_o truth_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o itself_o and_o for_o other_o consequence_n most_o important_a nor_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o requisite_a in_o difficult_a matter_n such_o as_o these_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n to_o resign_v ourselves_o to_o the_o common_a opinion_n since_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a if_o the_o multitude_n in_o such_o matter_n shall_v hit_v on_o the_o truth_n nor_o aught_o that_o to_o be_v hold_v difficult_a in_o which_o even_o the_o vulgar_a do_v know_v the_o truth_n and_o right_n beside_o that_o i_o hope_v morever_o to_o prove_v all_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o person_n of_o solid_a judgement_n shall_v rest_v full_o persuade_v so_o that_o they_o but_o keep_v in_o mind_n the_o principal_a ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o this_o treatise_n and_o though_o that_o which_o i_o will_v propose_v be_v a_o particular_a as_o i_o have_v say_v pertain_v only_o to_o the_o interest_n of_o
prejudice_n of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o village_n circumjacent_a in_o regard_n that_o the_o water_n which_o use_v to_o run_v from_o the_o say_a lake_n turn_v 22_o mill_n which_o not_o go_v necessitate_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n to_o go_v a_o day_n journey_n and_o more_o to_o grind_v upon_o the_o tiber._n be_v return_v to_o perugia_n there_o follow_v a_o rain_n not_o very_o great_a but_o constant_a and_o even_o which_o last_v for_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o it_o come_v into_o my_o thought_n to_o examine_v be_v in_o perugia_n how_o much_o the_o lake_n be_v increase_v and_o raise_v by_o this_o rain_n suppose_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o rain_n have_v be_v universal_a over_o all_o the_o lake_n and_o like_a to_o that_o which_o fall_v in_o perugia_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n form_v like_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o palm_n high_a and_o half_a a_o palm_n broad_a and_o have_v put_v in_o water_n sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o note_v diligent_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n and_o afterward_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o open_a weather_n to_o receive_v the_o rainwater_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o and_o i_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o have_v observe_v that_o in_o that_o time_n the_o water_n be_v rise_v in_o the_o vessel_n the_o height_n of_o the_o follow_a line_n i_o consider_v that_o if_o i_o have_v expose_v to_o the_o same_o rain_n such_o other_o vessel_n equal_a to_o that_o the_o water_n will_v have_v rise_v in_o they_o all_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o also_o in_o all_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lake_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o same_o measure_n yet_o here_o i_o consider_v two_o difficulty_n that_o may_v disturb_v and_o alter_v such_o a_o effect_n or_o at_o least_o render_v it_o inobserveable_a which_o afterward_o well_o weigh_v and_o resolve_v leave_v i_o as_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o anon_o in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o more_o confirm_v that_o the_o lake_n ought_v to_o be_v increase_v in_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n that_o the_o rain_n last_v eight_o time_n that_o measure_n and_o whilst_o i_o again_o expose_v the_o glass_n to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n there_o come_v unto_o i_o a_o engineer_n to_o talk_v with_o i_o touch_v certain_a affair_n of_o our_o monastary_n of_o perugia_n and_o discourse_v with_o he_o i_o show_v he_o the_o glass_n out_o at_o my_o chamber-window_n expose_v in_o a_o court-yard_n and_o communicate_v to_o he_o my_o fancy_n relate_v unto_o he_o all_o that_o i_o have_v do_v but_o i_o soon_o perceive_v that_o this_o brave_a fellow_n conceit_v i_o to_o be_v but_o of_o a_o dull_a brain_n for_o he_o smile_v say_v unto_o i_o sir_n you_o deceive_v yourself_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o lake_n will_v not_o be_v increase_v by_o this_o rain_n so_o much_o as_o the_o thickness_n of_o penny_n julio_n hear_v he_o pronounce_v this_o his_o opinion_n with_o freeness_n and_o confidence_n i_o urge_v he_o to_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n for_o what_o he_o say_v assure_v he_o that_o i_o will_v change_v my_o judgement_n when_o i_o see_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o argument_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v be_v very_o conversant_a about_o the_o lake_n and_o be_v every_o day_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o increase_v and_o importune_v he_o further_o that_o he_o will_v give_v i_o some_o reason_n for_o his_o so_o think_v he_o propose_v to_o my_o consideration_n the_o great_a drought_n pass_v and_o that_o that_o same_o rain_n be_v nothing_o for_o the_o great_a parch_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v i_o believe_v sir_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n on_o which_o the_o rain_n have_v fall_v be_v moisten_v and_o therefore_o see_v not_o how_o its_o drought_n which_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o can_v have_v drink_v up_o any_o part_n of_o the_o rain_n for_o all_o this_o he_o persist_v in_o his_o conceit_n without_o yield_v in_o the_o least_o to_o my_o allegation_n he_o grant_v in_o the_o end_n i_o believe_v in_o civility_n to_o i_o that_o my_o reason_n be_v plausible_a and_o good_a but_o that_o in_o practice_v it_o can_v not_o hold_v at_o last_o to_o clear_v up_o all_o i_o make_v one_o be_v call_v and_o send_v he_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n with_o order_n to_o bring_v i_o a_o exact_a account_n how_o he_o find_v the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o transome_n of_o the_o sluice_n now_o here_o signore_v galileo_n i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o think_v that_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o concern_v i_o in_o my_o honour_n but_o believe_v i_o and_o there_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o same_o still_o live_a that_o my_o messenger_n return_v in_o the_o evening_n to_o perugia_n he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n begin_v to_o run_v through_o the_o cave_n and_o that_o it_o be_v rise_v almost_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o transome_n insomuch_o that_o add_v this_o measure_n to_o that_o of_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n beneath_o the_o transome_n before_o the_o rain_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o lake_n cause_v by_o the_o rain_n be_v to_o a_o hair_n those_o four_o finger_n breadth_n that_o i_o have_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v two_o day_n after_o i_o have_v another_o bout_n with_o the_o engineer_n and_o relate_v to_o he_o the_o whole_a business_n to_o which_o he_o know_v not_o what_o to_o answer_v now_o the_o two_o difficulty_n which_o i_o think_v of_o able_a to_o impede_fw-la my_o conclusion_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n where_o the_o sluice_n stand_v to_o the_o lake-ward_n the_o mole_n and_o mass_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n may_v be_v drive_v to_o the_o contrary_a shore_n on_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v it_o may_v be_v fall_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o emissary_n and_o so_o the_o observation_n may_v be_v much_o obscure_v but_o this_o difficulty_n whole_o vanish_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n great_a tranquillity_n which_o it_o keep_v at_o that_o time_n for_o no_o wind_n be_v stir_v on_o any_o side_n neither_o whilst_o it_o rain_v nor_o afterward_o the_o second_o difficulty_n which_o put_v the_o rise_n in_o doubt_n be_v that_o have_v observe_v in_o florence_n and_o elsewhere_o those_o pond_n into_o which_o the_o rain-water_n fall_v from_o the_o house_n be_v convey_v through_o the_o common-shore_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o thereby_o ever_o fill_v but_o that_o they_o swallow_v all_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o run_v into_o they_o by_o those_o conveyance_n which_o serve_v they_o with_o water_n insomuch_o that_o those_o conveyance_n which_o in_o time_n of_o drought_n maintain_v the_o pond_n when_o there_o come_v new_a abundance_n of_o water_n into_o the_o pond_n they_o drink_v it_o up_o and_o swallow_v it_o a_o like_a effect_n may_v also_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o lake_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o vein_n as_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o maintain_v and_o feed_v the_o lake_n these_o vein_n may_v imbibe_n the_o new_a addition_n of_o the_o rain-water_n and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_n annul_v the_o rise_n or_o else_o diminish_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o render_v it_o inobservable_a but_o this_o difficulty_n be_v easy_o resolve_v by_o consider_v my_o treatise_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o running-water_n forasmuch_o as_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o a_o lake_n bear_v the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o emissary_n which_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o section_n of_o the_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n have_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n make_v the_o calculation_n and_o account_n though_o in_o gross_a by_o suppose_v that_o its_o vein_n be_v sufficient_o large_a and_o that_o the_o velocity_n in_o they_o be_v notable_a in_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n yet_o i_o find_v nevertheless_o that_o many_o week_n and_o month_n will_v be_v spend_v in_o drink_v up_o the_o newcome_a abundance_n of_o water_n by_o the_o rain_n so_o that_o i_o rest_v sure_a that_o the_o rise_a will_v ensue_v as_o in_o effect_v it_o do_v and_o because_o many_o of_o accurate_a judgement_n have_v again_o cause_v i_o to_o question_v this_o rise_n set_v before_o i_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v parch_v by_o the_o great_a drought_n that_o have_v so_o long_o continue_v it_o
bring_v such_o a_o drift_n of_o sand_n into_o the_o port_n that_o if_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o choke_v they_o up_o it_o shall_v render_v they_o at_o least_o unprofitable_a and_o impossible_a for_o bark_n and_o great_a vessel_n many_o other_o consideration_n may_v be_v propound_v concern_v these_o two_o head_n of_o the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o ouze_n and_o mud_n in_o the_o lake_n but_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v we_o to_o have_v hint_v to_o make_v way_n for_o discourse_v of_o the_o operation_n about_o the_o oportune_a remedy_n yet_o before_o that_o i_o propound_v my_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o my_o proposal_n at_o first_o sight_n will_v seem_v absurd_a and_o inconvenient_a and_o therefore_o as_o such_o will_v perhaps_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o most_o and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o will_v prove_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v and_o as_o i_o hear_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o do_v consider_v what_o other_o may_v judge_v thereof_o but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o oblige_v to_o speak_v my_o thought_n free_o and_o that_o be_v do_v i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o wise_a man_n than_o my_o sâ—lf_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v well_o consider_v my_o reason_n to_o judge_v and_o deliberate_v of_o the_o quid_fw-la agendum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o sentence_n shall_v go_v against_o i_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o most_o equitable_a and_o inexorable_a tribunal_n of_o nature_n who_o not_o care_v in_o the_o least_o to_o please_v either_o one_o party_n or_o another_o will_v be_v always_o a_o punctual_a and_o inviolable_a executrix_fw-la of_o her_o eternal_a decree_n against_o which_o neither_o humane_a deliberation_n nor_o our_o vain_a desire_n shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o rebel_v i_o add_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n that_o which_o follow_v though_o your_o highness_n interest_n yourself_o in_o this_o noble_a college_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o authority_n senate_n by_o universal_a vote_n that_o the_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o fluctuate_v that_o the_o river_n do_v not_o run_v yet_o shall_v the_o wind_n be_v always_o deaf_a the_o sea_n shall_v be_v constant_a in_o its_o inconstancy_n and_o the_o river_n most_o obstinate_a and_o these_o shall_v be_v my_o judge_n and_o to_o their_o determination_n i_o refer_v myself_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o be_v make_v very_o clear_a and_o manifest_a which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o glance_v at_o namely_o that_o the_o whole_a disorder_n although_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o head_n into_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o mud_n and_o of_o the_o stoppage_n port_n yet_o nevertheless_o by_o the_o application_n of_o one_o only_a remedy_n and_o that_o in_o my_o esteem_n very_o easy_a the_o whole_a shall_v be_v remove_v and_o this_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o lake_n as_o much_o water_n as_o can_v be_v possible_a and_o in_o particular_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o venice_n take_v care_n that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o free_a from_o mud_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a and_o real_a remedy_n of_o the_o precedent_a disorder_n be_v manifest_a for_o in_o the_o passage_n that_o this_o water_n shall_v make_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v of_o itself_o by_o degree_n clear_v the_o channel_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o current_n that_o it_o shall_v successive_o acquire_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v maintain_v the_o water_n in_o the_o same_o and_o in_o the_o channel_n much_o high_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o a_o thing_n that_o will_v make_v navigation_n commodious_a and_o that_o which_o moreover_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o our_o business_n those_o shelf_n of_o mud_n which_o now_o discover_v themselves_o at_o the_o time_n of_o low-water_n shall_v be_v always_o cover_v so_o that_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v also_o be_v remedy_v and_o last_o this_o abundance_n of_o water_n be_v always_o to_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o port_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o their_o bottom_n will_v be_v scour_v and_o that_o these_o effect_n must_v follow_v nature_n herself_o seem_v to_o persuade_v there_o remain_v only_o one_o great_a doubt_n whether_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n may_v be_v real_o sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o water_n rise_v so_o much_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o shelf_n cover_v and_o to_o facilitate_v navigation_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o half_a a_o yard_n brace_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o indeed_o it_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o sole_a water_n of_o the_o name_n brent_n let_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o disperse_v over_o the_o same_o can_v occasion_v so_o notable_a a_o height_n of_o water_n and_o the_o more_o to_o confirm_v the_o difficulty_n one_o may_v say_v reduce_v the_o reason_n to_o calculation_n that_o in_o case_n the_o brent_n be_v 40._o brace_n broad_a and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a high_a and_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v 20000._o brace_n it_o will_v seem_v necessary_a that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o brent_n dilate_v and_o distend_v through_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v but_o only_o 1_o 100_o of_o a_o brace_n in_o height_n which_o be_v imperceptible_a and_o will_v be_v of_o no_o avail_n to_o our_o purpose_n nay_o more_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o the_o brent_n run_v very_o muddy_a and_o foul_a this_o will_v occasion_v very_o great_a mischief_n fill_v and_o contract_v the_o lake_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n this_o remedy_n ought_v as_o pernicious_a to_o be_v total_o exclude_v and_o condemn_v i_o here_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o surprise_v at_o the_o form_n of_o the_o argument_n as_o if_o i_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n convince_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o adventure_v to_o say_v more_o or_o open_v my_o mouth_n in_o this_o matter_n but_o the_o strength_n itself_o of_o the_o argument_n as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o mean_n of_o geometrical_a and_o arithmetical_a calculation_n have_v open_v i_o the_o way_n to_o discover_v a_o very_a crafty_a fraud_n that_o be_v couch_v in_o the_o same_o argument_n which_o fraud_n i_o will_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o have_v but_o any_o insight_n in_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n and_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o such_o a_o argument_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o any_o but_o such_o as_o have_v taste_v of_o these_o in_o such_o affair_n most_o profitable_a and_o most_o necessary_a science_n so_o do_v not_o i_o pretend_v to_o make_v myself_o understand_v save_v only_o by_o such_o to_o who_o i_o will_v evince_v so_o clear_o as_o that_o more_o it_o can_v be_v desire_v the_o error_n and_o fraud_n wherein_o those_o ancient_n and_o modern_n have_v be_v and_o always_o be_v entangle_v that_o have_v in_o any_o way_n yet_o handle_v this_o matter_n of_o consider_v the_o measure_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o move_v and_o so_o great_a be_v the_o esteem_n that_o i_o have_v for_o that_o which_o i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o say_v touch_v this_o particular_a that_o i_o be_o content_a that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o discourse_n be_v reject_v provide_v that_o that_o be_v perfect_o understand_v which_o i_o be_o hereafter_o to_o propose_v i_o hold_v and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o main_a principle_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o be_v found_v that_o can_v be_v say_v either_o well_o or_o handsome_o on_o this_o particular_a the_o other_o discourse_n may_v have_v a_o appearance_n of_o be_v probable_a but_o this_o hit_v the_o mark_n as_o full_a as_o can_v be_v desire_v arrive_v at_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n i_o have_v seventeen_o year_n since_o as_o i_o represent_v to_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n and_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o precedent_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o affair_n sewer_n write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o move_v in_o which_o i_o geometrical_o demonstrate_v and_o declare_v this_o business_n and_o they_o who_o shall_v have_v well_o understand_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o discourse_n will_v rest_v full_o satisfy_v with_o that_o which_o i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o propose_v but_o that_o all_o may_v become_v rhe_n more_o easy_a i_o will_v more_o brief_o explicate_v and_o declare_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o discourse_n which_o will_v suffice_v for_o our_o purpose_n and_o if_o that_o shall_v not_o be_v enough_o we_o have_v always_o the_o experiment_n
in_o equal_a time_n but_o that_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v four_o time_n more_o swift_a than_o the_o other_o the_o more_o slow_a shall_v of_o necessity_n be_v four_o time_n more_o large_a and_o because_o the_o same_o river_n in_o any_o part_n thereof_o always_o discharge_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n book_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o run_v throughout_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o vulgar_a measure_n of_o the_o say_a river_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n be_v always_o divers_a insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o river_n pass_v through_o its_o channel_n have_v such_o velocity_n that_o it_o run_v 100_o brace_n in_o the_o 1_o 1_o 60_o of_o a_o hour-and_a afterward_o the_o say_a river_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o much_o tardity_n of_o motion_n as_o that_o in_o the_o same_o time_n it_o shall_v not_o 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its_o channel_n that_o afterward_o the_o same_o water_n of_o the_o brent_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o to_o the_o sea_n it_o shall_v lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o velocity_n that_o it_o shall_v run_v but_o one_o brace_n in_o the_o time_n wherein_o whilst_o it_o be_v in_o its_o channel_n at_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a it_o run_v 100_o brace_n it_o will_v be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o increase_v in_o measure_n it_o shall_v become_v a_o hundred_o time_n deep_o thick_a and_o therefore_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o lake_n be_v 20000._o brace_n the_o brent_n that_o already_o have_v be_v suppose_v in_o its_o channel_n 100_o brace_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n shall_v be_v 100_o time_n 100_o brate_v that_o be_v shall_v be_v 10000_o brace_n in_o thickness_n and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v in_o height_n half_a a_o brace_n that_o be_v 100_o 200_o of_o a_o brace_n and_o not_o 1st_a 200_o of_o a_o brace_n as_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o argument_n now_o one_o may_v see_v into_o what_o a_o gross_a error_n of_o 99_o in_o 100_o one_o may_v fall_v through_o the_o not_o well_o understand_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o run_v water_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v do_v open_v a_o direct_a way_n to_o our_o judge_v aright_o in_o this_o most_o considerable_a affair_n and_o therefore_o admit_v that_o which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v i_o say_v that_o i_o will_v if_o it_o do_v concern_v i_o great_o incline_v to_o consult_v upon_o the_o return_v of_o the_o brent_n again_o into_o the_o lake_n for_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o the_o brent_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o its_o mouth_n be_v much_o swift_a than_o the_o brent_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v thereupon_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n in_o the_o lake_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o great_a than_o that_o of_o brent_n in_o brent_n by_o how_o much_o the_o bront_n in_o brent_n be_v swift_a than_o thh_n brent_n in_o the_o lake_n 1._o from_o which_o operation_n do_v follow_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o lake_n be_v fill_v and_o increase_v by_o these_o water_n shall_v be_v more_o navigable_a and_o passable_a than_o at_o present_a we_o see_v it_o to_o be_v 2._o by_o the_o current_n of_o these_o water_n the_o channel_n will_v be_v scour_v and_o will_v be_v keep_v clean_o from_o time_n to_o time_n 3._o there_o will_v not_o appear_v at_o the_o time_n of_o low-water_n so_o many_o shelf_n and_o such_o heap_n of_o mud_n as_o do_v now_o appear_v 4._o the_o air_n will_v become_v more_o wholesome_a for_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o infect_v by_o putrid_a vapour_n exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n so_o long_o as_o the_o miry_a ouze_n shall_v be_v cover_v by_o the_o water_n 5._o last_o in_o the_o current_n of_o these_o advantageous_a water_n which_o must_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n into_o the_o sea_n beside_o those_o of_o the_o tide_n the_o port_n will_v be_v keep_v scour_v and_o clear_a and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o shall_v offer_v for_o the_o present_a touch_v this_o weighty_a buisiness_n always_o submit_v myself_o to_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a write_n i_o present_v a_o copy_n at_o venice_n at_o a_o full_a college_n in_o which_o i_o read_v it_o all_o and_o it_o be_v hearken_v to_o with_o very_o great_a attention_n and_o at_o last_o i_o present_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o leave_v some_o copy_n thereof_o with_o sundry_a senator_n and_o go_v my_o way_n promise_v with_o all_o intenseness_n to_o apply_v my_o pain_n with_o reiterated_a study_n in_o the_o public_a service_n and_o if_o any_o other_o thing_n shall_v come_v into_o my_o mind_n i_o promise_v to_o declare_v they_o sincere_o and_o so_o take_v leave_v of_o his_o serenity_n and_o that_o noble_a council_n when_o i_o be_v return_v to_o rome_n this_o business_n night_n and_o day_n continual_o run_v in_o my_o mind_n i_o happen_v to_o think_v of_o another_o admirable_a and_o most_o important_a conceit_n which_o with_o effectual_a reason_n confirm_v by_o exact_a operation_n i_o with_o the_o divine_a assistance_n make_v clear_a and_o manifest_a and_o though_o the_o thing_n at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o most_o extravagant_a paradox_n yet_o notwithstanding_o have_v satisfy_v myself_o of_o the_o whole_a business_n i_o send_v it_o in_o write_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o noble_a signore_v gio._n basadonna_n who_o after_o he_o have_v well_o consider_v my_o paper_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o council_n and_o after_o that_o those_o lord_n have_v for_o many_o month_n mature_o consider_v thereon_o they_o in_o the_o end_n resolve_v to_o suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o diversion_n which_o they_o have_v before_o consult_v to_o make_v of_o the_o river_n sile_z and_o of_o four_o other_o river_n which_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n a_o thing_n by_o i_o blame_v in_o this_o second_o paper_n as_o most_o prejudicial_a and_o harmful_a the_o writing_n speak_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n consideration_n ii_o if_o the_o discourse_v well_o about_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n most_o serene_a prince_n be_v as_o the_o carry_n of_o burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o a_o hundred_o horse_n carry_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o horse_n only_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o one_o may_v make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o man_n than_o of_o one_o alone_a but_o because_o that_o discourse_v more_o resemble_v run_v than_o carry_v burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o one_o barb_n alone_o run_v fast_a than_o a_o hundred_o heavy-heeled_a jade_n therefore_o i_o have_v ever_o more_o esteem_v one_o conclusion_n well_o manage_v and_o well_o consider_v by_o one_o understanding_n man_n although_o alone_o than_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a opinion_n especial_o when_o they_o concern_v abstruse_a and_o arduous_a point_n nay_o in_o such_o case_n the_o opinion_n mould_v and_o frame_v by_o the_o most_o ignorant_a and_o stupid_a vulgar_a have_v be_v ever_o suspect_v by_o i_o as_o false_a for_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n if_o in_o difficult_a matter_n a_o common_a capacity_n shall_v hit_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v handsome_a good_a and_o true_a hence_o i_o have_v and_o do_v hold_v in_o very_o great_a veneration_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o eternal_a republic_n of_o venice_n which_o although_o as_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o commonwealth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o great_a part_n yet_o nevertheless_o in_o arduous_a affair_n it_o be_v always_o direct_v by_o the_o grave_a judgement_n of_o few_o and_o not_o judge_v blind_o by_o the_o plebeian_n rout._n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o that_o propound_v
distend_v for_o to_o this_o instance_n we_o answer_v with_o that_o which_o we_o have_v give_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o first_o consideration_n touch_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n treat_v of_o the_o abatement_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o brent_n let_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o moreover_o if_o i_o shall_v add_v thereto_o that_o which_o i_o write_v in_o the_o second_o consideration_n it_o will_v be_v very_o apparent_a how_o great_o harmful_a and_o prejudicial_a these_o excursion_n of_o water_n from_o fiume_n sisto_n may_v be_v which_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o and_o confine_v within_o the_o river_n therefore_o proceed_v to_o the_o provision_n and_o operation_n that_o be_v to_o be_v account_v principal_a i_o reduce_v they_o to_o three_o head_n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v down_o those_o wear_v and_o to_o take_v the_o pisciaries_n quite_o away_o observe_v a_o maxim_n in_o my_o judgement_n infallible_a that_o fish_v and_o sow_v be_v two_o thing_n that_o can_v never_o consist_v together_o fish_v being_n on_o the_o water_n and_o sow_v on_o land_n second_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cut_v under_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n those_o weed_n and_o plant_n that_o grow_v and_o increase_v in_o the_o river_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o stream_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o reed_n shall_v not_o spring_v up_o and_o distend_v along_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o beast_n tread_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v often_o and_o with_o care_n and_o must_v not_o be_v delay_v till_o the_o mischief_n increase_v and_o the_o champain_n ground_n be_v drown_v but_o one_o ought_v to_o order_v matter_n so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o drown_v and_o i_o will_v affirm_v that_o otherwise_o this_o principal_a point_n will_v become_v a_o most_o considerable_a inconvenience_n three_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v good_a the_o bank_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o procure_v that_o those_o water_n may_v run_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o not_o break_v forth_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o do_v one_o or_o two_o of_o those_o thing_n but_o we_o be_v to_o put_v they_o all_o in_o execution_n for_o omit_v any_o thing_n the_o whole_a machine_n will_v be_v out_o of_o tune_n and_o spoil_v but_o proceed_v with_o due_a care_n you_o shall_v not_o only_a drain_n the_o pontine_n fen_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o this_o last_o particular_a the_o current_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n shall_v scour_v its_o own_o channel_n of_o its_o self_n even_o to_o the_o carry_v part_n of_o it_o away_o and_o haply_o with_o this_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o it_o shall_v bear_v the_o mouth_n della_fw-it torre_n may_v be_v open_v and_o keep_v open_a into_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v last_o of_o all_o be_v of_o admirable_a benefit_n to_o cleanse_v fiume_n sisto_n from_o many_o tree_n and_o bush_n wherewith_o it_o be_v overgrow_v and_o with_o this_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o improvement_n or_o drain_n possible_a to_o be_v make_v consist_v in_o these_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o take_v away_o the_o fish_n wear_v leave_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n free_a second_o in_o keep_v the_o principal_a river_n clear_a from_o weed_n and_o plant_n three_o in_o keep_v the_o water_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n in_o its_o own_o channel_n all_o which_o be_v thing_n that_o may_v be_v do_v with_o very_o little_a charge_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o to_o the_o render_v the_o air_n wholesome_o in_o all_o those_o place_n adjoin_v to_o the_o pontine_n fen_n a_o consideration_n upon_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n ferrara_n and_o romagna_fw-la by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloisio_n mathematician_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o rome_n the_o weghty_a 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they_o simpl._n i_o fancy_n that_o they_o pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n salv_n and_o have_v you_o no_o other_o conceit_n thereof_o than_o this_o simpl._n this_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a definition_n of_o equal_a motion_n sagr._fw-la we_o will_v add_v moreover_o this_o other_o time_n and_o call_v that_o equal_a velocity_n when_o the_o space_n pass_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n as_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o be_v pass_v and_o it_o be_v a_o more_o universal_a definition_n salv_n it_o be_v so_o for_o it_o comprehend_v the_o equal_a space_n pass_v in_o equal_a time_n and_o also_o the_o unequal_a past_a in_o time_n unequal_a but_o proportionate_a to_o those_o space_n take_v now_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o apply_v the_o conceit_n that_o you_o have_v of_o the_o more_o hasty_a motion_n tell_v i_o why_o you_o think_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o cadent_a by_o cb_n be_v great_a than_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o descendent_a by_o ca_n simpl._n i_o think_v so_o 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whereupon_o the_o reflex_n ray_n issue_n united_o towards_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pavement_n which_o be_v dry_a have_v its_o protuberance_n that_o be_v a_o innumerable_a variety_n of_o inclination_n in_o its_o small_a particle_n whereupon_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o light_n scatter_v towards_o all_o part_n but_o more_o weak_o than_o if_o they_o have_v go_v all_o unite_a together_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o show_v almost_o all_o alike_o behold_v several_a way_n but_o far_o less_o clear_a than_o the_o moisten_a brick_n i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n behold_v from_o the_o moon_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v most_o equal_a the_o island_n and_o rock_n deduct_v so_o it_o will_v show_v less_o clear_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v montanous_a and_o uneven_a and_o but_o that_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v as_o the_o say_n be_v to_o harp_n too_o much_o on_o one_o string_n i_o can_v 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be_v cease_v but_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o gravity_n and_o natural_a inclination_n to_o level_v and_o grow_v even_o it_o shall_v speedy_o return_v backward_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n and_o as_o be_v grave_a and_o fluid_a shall_v not_o only_o move_v towards_o aequilibrium_fw-la but_o be_v impel_v by_o its_o own_o impetus_fw-la shall_v go_v beyond_o it_o rise_v in_o the_o part_n where_o before_o it_o be_v low_a nor_o shall_v it_o stay_v here_o but_o return_v backward_o anew_o with_o more_o reiterated_a reciprocation_n of_o its_o undulation_n it_o shall_v give_v we_o to_o know_v that_o it_o will_v not_o from_o a_o velocity_n of_o motion_n once_o conceive_v reduce_v itself_o in_o a_o instant_n to_o the_o privation_n thereof_o and_o to_o the_o state_n of_o rest_n but_o will_v successive_o by_o decrease_v a_o little_a and_o a_o little_a reduce_v itself_o unto_o the_o same_o just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v a_o weight_n hang_v at_o a_o cord_n after_o it_o have_v be_v 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we_o do_v but_o suppose_v a_o tract_n of_o sea_n to_o be_v long_o v_o g._n a_o four_o part_n as_o be_v the_o arch_n b_o c_o in_fw-la fig._n 2._o because_o the_o part_n b_o be_v as_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v very_o swift_a in_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o motion_n diurnal_a and_o annual_a towards_o one_o and_o the_o same_o way_n but_o the_o part_n c_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v retard_v in_o its_o motion_n as_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o progression_n dependent_a on_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n if_o we_o suppose_v i_o say_v a_o tract_n of_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o arch_n b_o c_o we_o have_v already_o see_v that_o its_o extreme_n shall_v move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n with_o great_a inequality_n and_o extreme_o different_a will_v the_o velocity_n of_o a_o tract_n of_o sea_n be_v that_o be_v in_o length_n a_o semicircle_n and_o place_v in_o the_o position_n b_o c_o d_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o extreme_a b_o will_v be_v in_o a_o most_o 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wonderful_a cause_n of_o the_o commotion_n in_o the_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v for_o and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v impossible_a to_o some_o that_o in_o artificial_a machine_n and_o vessel_n we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o accident_n yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v and_o i_o have_v by_o i_o the_o model_n of_o a_o engine_n in_o which_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o admirable_a commixtion_n of_o motion_n may_v be_v particular_o observe_v but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n that_o which_o you_o may_v have_v hitherto_o comprehend_v with_o your_o imagination_n may_v suffice_v sagr._fw-la i_o for_o my_o own_o particular_a very_o well_o conceive_v that_o this_o admirable_a accident_n ought_v necessary_o to_o evene_v in_o the_o straits_n of_o sea_n and_o especial_o
the_o isle_n of_o corsica_n and_o sardinnia_n and_o in_o the_o strand_n of_o rome_n and_o leghorn_n where_o it_o exceed_v not_o half_a a_o foot_n we_o shall_v understand_v also_o why_o on_o the_o contrary_a where_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_n be_v small_a the_o course_n and_o recourse_n be_v great_a i_o say_v it_o be_v a_o easy_a thing_n to_o understand_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o accident_n see_v that_o we_o meet_v with_o many_o manifest_a occurrence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n in_o every_o kind_n of_o vessel_n by_o we_o artificial_o compose_v in_o which_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v observe_v natural_o to_o follow_v upon_o our_o move_n it_o uneven_o that_o be_v one_o while_o fast_o and_o another_o while_n flower_n moreover_o large_a consider_v in_o the_o five_o place_n that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v move_v though_o but_o gentle_o in_o a_o spacious_a channel_n come_v afterward_o to_o go_v through_o a_o narrow_a passage_n will_v of_o necessity_n run_v with_o great_a violence_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v it_o hard_o to_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a current_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o narrow_a channel_n that_o separate_v calabria_n from_o sicilia_n for_o that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o by_o the_o spaciousness_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o by_o the_o jonick_a gulf_n happen_v to_o be_v pen_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o do_v in_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o largeness_n gentle_o descend_v towards_o the_o west_n yet_o nevertheless_o in_o that_o it_o be_v pen_v up_o in_o the_o bosphorus_n it_o flow_v with_o great_a violence_n between_o scylla_n and_o charybdis_n and_o make_v a_o great_a agitation_n like_o to_o which_o and_o much_o great_a be_v say_v to_o be_v betwixt_o africa_n and_o the_o great_a isle_n of_o st._n lorenzo_n where_o the_o water_n of_o the_o two_o vast_a sea_n indian_a and_o ethiopick_n that_o lie_v round_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v straighten_v into_o a_o less_o channel_n between_o the_o say_a isle_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a coast._n and_o the_o current_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o great_a in_o the_o straits_n of_o megallanes_n which_o join_v together_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o deal_v zur_n call_v also_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n it_o follow_v now_o in_o the_o six_o place_n â—â—â—wing_v that_o to_o render_v a_o reason_n of_o some_o more_o abstruse_a and_o incredible_a accident_n which_o be_v observe_v upon_o this_o occasion_n we_o make_v a_o considerable_a reflection_n upon_o the_o two_o principal_a cause_n of_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n afterward_o compound_v and_o mix_v they_o together_o the_o first_o and_o simple_a of_o which_o be_v as_o have_v often_o be_v say_v the_o determinate_a acceleration_n and_o retardation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n have_v a_o determinate_a period_n put_v to_o their_o decursion_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o return_v towards_o the_o west_n in_o the_o time_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o depend_v on_o the_o proper_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v once_o commove_v by_o the_o primary_n cause_n seek_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o reduce_v itself_o to_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o iterate_a reciprocation_n which_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o one_o sole_a and_o prefix_a time_n but_o have_v as_o many_o variety_n of_o time_n as_o be_v the_o different_a length_n and_o profundity_n of_o the_o receptacle_n and_o straits_n of_o sea_n and_o by_o what_o depend_v on_o this_o second_o principle_n they_o will_v ebb_v and_o flow_v some_o in_o one_o hour_n other_o in_o two_o in_o four_o in_o six_o in_o eight_o in_o ten_o etc._n etc._n now_o if_o we_o begin_v to_o put_v together_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o have_v its_o set_a period_n from_o twelve_o hour_n to_o twelve_o hour_n with_o some_o one_o of_o the_o secondary_a that_o have_v its_o period_n verb._n great_a from_o five_o hour_n to_o five_o hour_n it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o sometime_o the_o primary_n cause_n and_o secondary_a will_v accord_v to_o make_v impulse_v both_o one_o the_o same_o way_n and_o in_o this_o concurrency_n and_o as_o one_o may_v call_v it_o unanimous_a conspiration_n the_o flow_n shall_v be_v great_a at_o other_o time_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o primary_n impulse_n do_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n oppose_v that_o which_o the_o secondary_a period_n will_v make_v and_o in_o this_o contest_v one_o of_o the_o principle_n be_v take_v away_o that_o which_o the_o other_o will_v give_v will_v weaken_v the_o commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sea_n will_v return_v to_o a_o very_a tranquil_a state_n and_o almost_o immovable_a and_o at_o other_o time_n according_a as_o the_o two_o aforesaid_a principle_n shall_v neither_o altogether_o contest_v nor_o altogether_o concur_v there_o shall_v be_v other_o kind_n of_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o increase_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v it_o may_v likewise_o fall_v out_o that_o two_o sea_n considerable_o great_a and_o which_o communicate_v by_o some_o narrow_a channel_n may_v chance_v to_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o mixtion_n of_o the_o two_o principle_n of_o motion_n one_o cause_n to_o flow_v at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o other_o have_v cause_n to_o move_v a_o contrary_a way_n in_o which_o case_n in_o the_o channel_n whereby_o they_o disimbogue_v themselves_o into_o each_o other_o there_o do_v extraordinary_a conturbation_n ensue_v with_o opposite_a and_o vortick_fw-ge motion_n and_o most_o dangerous_a boiling_n and_o break_n as_o frequent_a relation_n and_o experience_n do_v assure_v we_o from_o such_o like_a discordant_a motion_n dependent_a not_o only_o on_o the_o different_a position_n and_o longitude_n but_o very_o much_o also_o upon_o the_o different_a profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v the_o say_a intercourse_n there_o do_v happen_v at_o sometime_o different_a commotion_n in_o the_o water_n irregular_a and_o that_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o no_o rule_n of_o observation_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o have_v much_o trouble_v and_o always_o do_v trouble_v mariner_n for_o that_o they_o meet_v with_o they_o without_o see_v either_o impulse_n of_o wind_n or_o other_o eminent_a aereal_a alteration_n that_o may_v occasion_v the_o same_o of_o which_o disturbance_n of_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v great_a account_n in_o other_o accident_n and_o to_o take_v it_o for_o a_o three_o and_o accidental_a cause_n able_a to_o alter_v very_o much_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o effect_n depend_v on_o the_o secondary_a and_o more_o essential_a cause_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o impetuous_a wind_n continue_v to_o blow_v for_o example_n from_o the_o east_n they_o shall_v retain_v the_o water_n and_o prohibit_v the_o reflux_n or_o ebb_a whereupon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o reply_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o tide_n overtake_v the_o former_a at_o the_o hour_n prefix_v they_o will_v swell_v very_o high_a and_o be_v thus_o bear_v up_o for_o some_o day_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o wind_n they_o shall_v rise_v more_o than_o usual_a make_v extraordinary_a inundation_n we_o ought_v also_o and_o this_o shall_v serve_v for_o a_o seven_o problem_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o another_o cause_n of_o motion_n dependent_a on_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o the_o water_n of_o great_a river_n that_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o sea_n of_o no_o great_a capacity_n way_n whereupon_o in_o the_o strait_o or_o bosphori_n that_o communicate_v with_o those_o sea_n the_o water_n be_v see_v to_o run_v always_o one_o way_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n below_o constantinople_n where_o the_o water_n always_o run_v from_o the_o black-sea_n towards_o the_o propontis_n for_o in_o the_o say_a black-sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o shortness_n the_o principal_a cause_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v but_o of_o small_a force_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a very_o great_a river_n fall_v into_o the_o same_o those_o huge_a defluxion_n of_o water_n be_v to_o pass_v and_o disgorge_v themselves_o by_o the_o the_o straight_o the_o current_n course_n be_v there_o very_o notable_a and_o always_o towards_o the_o south_n where_o moreover_o we_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o say_v straight_o or_o channel_n albeit_o very_o narrow_a be_v not_o subject_a to_o perturbation_n as_o the_o straight_a of_o scylla_n and_o carybdis_n for_o that_o that_o have_v the_o black-sea_n above_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o propontis_n the_o aegean_a and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n join_v unto_o it_o though_o by_o a_o long_a tract_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o now_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o sea_n though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a length_n lie_v north_n and_o south_n be_v not_o much_o subject_n to_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n but_o because_o the_o sicilian_a straight_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mediterrane_n distend_v
the_o say_a globe_n simp_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o requisite_a to_o argue_v with_o i_o alone_o for_o if_o it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o and_o that_o i_o can_v not_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n thereof_o yet_o haply_o it_o may_v be_v know_v by_o other_o salv_n so_o that_o by_o play_v with_o you_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o get_v but_o be_v always_o on_o the_o lose_a hand_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o give_v over_o nevertheless_o that_o we_o may_v not_o cheat_v our_o three_o man_n we_o will_v play_v on_o we_o say_v even_o now_o and_o with_o some_o addition_n we_o reiterate_v it_o that_o the_o air_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a body_n and_o not_o solid_o conjoin_v with_o the_o earth_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o obey_v its_o motion_n unless_o so_o far_o as_o the_o cragginess_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a superficies_n transport_v and_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o part_n thereof_o contigious_a thereunto_o which_o do_v not_o by_o any_o great_a space_n exceed_v the_o great_a altitude_n of_o mountain_n the_o which_o portion_n of_o air_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o much_o less_o repugnant_a to_o the_o terrestrial_a conversion_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v replete_a with_o vapour_n motion_n fume_n and_o exhalation_n matter_n all_o participate_v of_o terrene_a quality_n and_o consequent_o apt_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n to_o the_o same_o motion_n but_o where_o there_o be_v want_v the_o cause_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v where_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o globe_n have_v great_a level_v and_o where_o there_o be_v less_o mixture_n of_o the_o terrene_a vapour_n there_o the_o cause_n whereby_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v constrain_v to_o give_v entire_a obedience_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a conversion_n will_v cease_v in_o part_n so_o that_o in_o such_o place_n whilst_o the_o earth_n revolve_v towards_o the_o east_n there_o will_v be_v continual_o a_o wind_n perceive_v which_o will_v beat_v upon_o we_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o such_o gale_n will_v be_v the_o more_o sensible_a where_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v most_o swift_a which_o will_v be_v in_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n and_o approach_v to_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o diurnal_a conversion_n but_o now_o the_o facto_fw-la experience_n much_o confirm_v this_o phylosophical_a argumentation_n for_o in_o the_o spacious_a sea_n and_o in_o their_o part_n most_o remote_a from_o land_n and_o situate_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o tropic_n where_o there_o be_v none_o of_o those_o same_o terrestrial_a evaporation_n west_n we_o find_v a_o perpetual_a gale_n move_v from_o the_o east_n with_o so_o constant_a a_o blast_n that_o ship_n by_o favour_n thereof_o sail_v prosperous_o to_o the_o west-india_n and_o from_o the_o same_o coast_v along_o the_o mexican_n shore_n they_o with_o the_o same_o felicity_n pass_v the_o pacifick_n ocean_n towards_o the_o india_n which_o to_o we_o be_v east_n but_o to_o they_o be_v west_n difficult_a whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o course_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v difficult_a and_o uncertain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o rhumb_n but_o must_v veer_v more_o to_o land-ward_n to_o recover_v other_o wind_n which_o we_o may_v call_v accidentary_a and_o tumultuary_a produce_v from_o other_o principle_n as_o those_o that_o inhabit_v the_o continent_n find_v by_o experience_n of_o which_o production_n of_o wind_n the_o cause_n be_v many_o and_o different_a which_o shall_v not_o at_o this_o time_n be_v mention_v sea_n and_o these_o accidentary_a wind_n be_v those_o which_o blow_v indifferent_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v rough_a the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o environ_v by_o the_o rugged_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v environ_v with_o those_o perturbation_n of_o air_n that_o confound_v that_o primary_n gale_n the_o which_o in_o case_n these_o accidental_a impediment_n be_v remove_v will_v be_v continual_o feel_v and_o especial_o upon_o the_o sea_n now_o see_v how_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n seem_v wonderful_o to_o accord_v with_o the_o celestial_a observation_n to_o confirm_v the_o mobility_n of_o our_o terrestrial_a globe_n sagr._fw-la i_o also_o for_o a_o final_a close_n will_v relate_v to_o you_o one_o particular_a earth_n which_o as_o i_o believe_v be_v unknown_a unto_o you_o and_o which_o likewise_o may_v serve_v to_o confirm_v the_o same_o conclusion_n you_o salviatus_n allege_v that_o accident_n which_o sailor_n meet_v with_o between_o the_o tropic_n i_o mean_v that_o perpetual_a gale_n of_o wind_n that_o beat_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o east_n of_o which_o i_o have_v a_o account_n from_o those_o that_o have_v many_o time_n make_v the_o voyage_n and_o moreover_o which_o be_v very_o observable_a i_o understand_v that_o the_o mariner_n do_v not_o 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may_v absolute_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o world_n 496_o ebb_a and_o ebb_n the_o first_o general_a conclusion_n of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v the_o immobility_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v grant_v 380_o the_o period_n of_o ebb_n and_o flow_n diurnal_a monthly_a and_o annual_a 381_o variety_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o diurnal_a period_n of_o the_o ebb_n and_o flow_n 382_o the_o cause_n of_o ebb_n and_o flow_n allege_v by_o a_o modern_a philosopher_n 382_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n by_o a_o certain_a prelate_n 383_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a etc._n etc._n refer_v by_o hyeronimus_n borrius_fw-la and_o other_o peripatetic_n to_o the_o temperate_a heat_n of_o the_o moon_n 383_o answer_n to_o the_o vanity_n allege_v as_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v 383_o it_o be_v prove_v impossible_a that_o there_o shall_v natural_o be_v any_o ebb_a and_o flow_v the_o earth_n be_v immovable_a 386_o the_o most_o potent_a and_o primary_n cause_v of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v 390_o sundry_a accident_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o ebb_n and_o flow_n 391_o reason_n renew_v of_o the_o particular_a accident_n observe_v in_o the_o ebb_n and_o flow_n 393_o second_o cause_n why_o in_o several_a sea_n and_o lake_n there_o be_v no_o ebb_n and_o flow_n 394_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o ebb_n and_o flow_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v every_o six_o hour_n 395_o the_o cause_n why_o some_o sea_n though_o very_o long_o suffer_v no_o ebb_a and_o flow_v 395_o ebb_n and_o flow_n why_o great_a in_o the_o extremity_n of_o gulf_n and_o least_o in_o the_o middle_a part_n 396_o a_o discussion_n of_o some_o more_o abstruse_a accident_n observe_v in_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v 396_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v may_v depend_v on_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o heaven_n 404_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v can_v depend_v on_o the_o motion_n of_o heaven_n 405_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o period_n of_o 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in_o the_o cause_n 407_o element_n and_o their_o motion_n vide_fw-la motion_n encyclopedia_n subtlety_n sufficient_o insipid_a ironical_o speak_v and_o take_v from_o a_o certain_a encyclopedia_n 153_o experiment_n sensible_n experiment_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o humane_a argumentation_n 21_o 33_o 42._o it_o be_v good_a to_o be_v very_o cautious_a in_o admit_v experiment_n for_o true_a to_o those_o that_o never_o try_v they_o 162_o experiment_n and_o argument_n against_o the_o earth_n motion_n seem_v so_o far_o conclude_v as_o they_o lie_v under_o equivoke_v 162_o the_o authority_n of_o sensible_a experiment_n and_o necessary_a demonstration_n in_o decide_v of_o physical_a controversy_n 436_o eye_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n contract_v and_o enlarge_v 329_o how_o to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o ray_n concourse_n from_o the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n 329_o f_o faith_n i'faith_o more_o infallible_a than_o either_o sense_n or_o reason_n 475_o fire_n fire_n move_v direct_o upward_o by_o nature_n and_o round_o about_o by_o participation_n according_a to_o aristotle_n 122_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n shall_v be_v carry_v round_o by_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o moon_n 405_o figure_n and_o figure_n figure_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o incorruptibility_n but_o of_o long_a duration_n 66_o the_o perfection_n of_o figure_n appear_v in_o corruptible_a body_n but_o not_o in_o the_o eternal_a 69_o if_o the_o spherical_a figure_n confer_v eternity_n all_o thing_n will_v be_v eternal_a 69_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o find_v figure_n that_o touch_v in_o a_o part_n of_o their_o surface_n then_o in_o one_o sole_a point_n 185_o the_o circular_a figure_n place_v among_o the_o postulata_fw-la of_o mathematician_n 186_o irregular_a figure_n and_o form_n difficult_a to_o be_v introduce_v 187_o superficial_a figure_n increase_v in_o proportion_n
answer_v proportionable_o as_o if_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o place_n 19_o immense_a magnitude_n and_o number_n be_v incomprehensible_a by_o our_o understand_n 332_o mars_n mars_n necessary_o include_v within_o its_o orb_n the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o sun_n 298_o mars_n at_o its_o opposition_n to_o the_o sun_n seem_v sixty_o time_n big_a than_o towards_o the_o conjunction_n 298_o mars_n make_v a_o hot_a assault_n upon_o the_o copernican_n systeme_n 302_o marsilius_n signior_n caesar_n marsilius_n observe_v the_o meridian_n to_o be_v movable_a 422_o medicean_n the_o time_n of_o the_o medicean_n planet_n conversion_n 101_o the_o medicean_n planet_n be_v as_o it_o be_v four_o moon_n about_o jupiter_n 307_o mediterran_n mediterranean_a sea_n make_v by_o the_o separation_n of_o abila_n and_o calpen_n 35_o the_o voyage_n in_o the_o mediterran_n from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v make_v in_o short_a time_n than_o from_o west_n to_o east_n 403_o mercury_n the_o revolution_n of_o mercury_n conclude_v to_o be_v about_o the_o sun_n within_o the_o orb_n of_o venus_n 298_o mercury_n admit_v not_o of_o clear_a observation_n 307_o moon_n the_o moon_n have_v no_o generation_n of_o thing_n like_a as_o we_o have_v nor_o be_v it_o inhabit_v by_o men._n 47_o in_o the_o moon_n may_v be_v a_o generation_n of_o thing_n different_a from_o we_o 47_o there_o may_v be_v substance_n in_o the_o moon_n very_o different_a from_o we_o 48_o the_o first_o resemblance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n which_o be_v that_o of_o figure_n be_v prove_v by_o their_o manner_n of_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n 48_o the_o second_o resemblance_n be_v the_o moon_n be_v opacous_a as_o the_o earth_n 48_o the_o three_o resemblance_n be_v the_o moon_n be_v dense_n and_o mountainous_a as_o the_o earth_n 49_o the_o four_o resemblance_n be_v the_o moon_n be_v distinguish_v into_o two_o different_a part_n for_o clarity_n and_o obscurity_n as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n into_o sea_n and_o land_n 49_o the_o five_o resemblance_n be_v mutation_n of_o figure_n in_o the_o earth_n like_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o make_v with_o the_o same_o period_n 49_o all_o the_o earth_n see_v half_a only_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o half_a only_a of_o the_o moon_n see_v all_o the_o earth_n 51_o two_o spot_n in_o the_o moon_n by_o which_o it_o be_v perceive_v that_o she_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o her_o motion_n 52_o light_n reflect_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o moon_n 52_o the_o six_o resemblance_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n interchangeable_o illuminate_v 53_o the_o seven_o resemblance_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n interchangeable_o eclipse_v 53_o the_o secondary_a clarity_n of_o the_o moon_n esteem_v to_o be_v its_o native_a light_n 54_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o moon_n more_o sleek_a than_o any_o lookingglass_n 55_o the_o eminency_n and_o cavity_n in_o the_o moon_n be_v illusion_n of_o its_o opacous_a and_o perspicuous_a part_n 55_o the_o moon_n surface_n be_v sharp_a as_o be_v large_o prove_v 57_o the_o moon_n if_o it_o it_o be_v sleek_a like_o a_o spherical_a lookingglass_n will_v be_v invisible_a 60_o &_o 62_o the_o apparent_a vnevenness_n of_o the_o moon_n surface_n apt_o represent_v by_o mother_n of_o pearl_n 70_o the_o apparent_a vnevenness_n of_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v imitate_v by_o way_n of_o more_o and_o less_o opacity_n and_o perspicuity_n 71_o the_o various_a aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n imitable_a by_o any_o opacous_a matter_n 71_o sundry_a phaenomena_n from_o whence_o the_o moon_n montuosity_n be_v argue_v 71_o the_o moon_n appear_v bright_a by_o night_n than_o by_o day_n 72_o the_o moon_n behold_v in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v like_a to_o a_o little_a cloud_n 72_o cloud_n be_v no_o less_o apt_a than_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n 73_o a_o wall_n illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n compare_v to_o the_o moon_n shine_v no_o less_o than_o it_o 73_o the_o three_o reflection_n of_o a_o wall_n illuminate_v more_o than_o the_o first_o of_o the_o moon_n 74_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n weak_a than_o that_o of_o the_o twilight_n 74_o the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o some_o 76_o the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v in_o form_n of_o a_o ring_n i._n e._n bright_a in_o the_o extreme_a circumference_n and_o not_o in_o the_o midst_n and_o why_o 77_o the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 78_o the_o moon_n discus_fw-la in_o a_o solar_a eclipse_n can_v be_v see_v only_o by_o privation_n 78_o solidity_n of_o the_o moon_n globe_n argue_v from_o its_o be_v mountainous_a 81_o the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n clear_a before_o the_o conjunction_n than_o after_o 82_o the_o obscure_a part_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v plain_n and_o the_o more_o bright_a mountain_n 83_o long_a ledge_n of_o mountain_n about_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o moon_n 83_o there_o be_v not_o 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attribute_n which_o differ_v the_o celestial_a and_o elementary_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o motion_n assign_v they_o by_o aristotle_n 25_o peripatetic_n improper_o assign_v those_o motion_n to_o the_o element_n for_o natural_a with_o which_o they_o never_o be_v move_v and_o those_o for_o preternatural_a with_o which_o they_o always_o move_v 33_o motion_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n that_o move_v thereby_o be_v as_o if_o it_o never_o be_v and_o so_o far_o operate_v as_o it_o relate_v to_o thing_n deprâ—ved_v of_o motion_n 98_o motion_n can_v be_v make_v without_o its_o movable_a subject_n 104_o motion_n and_o rest_v principal_a accident_n in_o nature_n 112_o two_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o perpetuate_n of_o a_o motion_n a_o unlimited_a space_n and_o a_o incorruptible_a movable_n 117_o disparity_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o stone_n fall_v from_o the_o round_a top_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o tower_n 123_o the_o motion_n of_o grave_n pendula_fw-la may_v be_v 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than_o to_o the_o whole_a element_n 33_o right_a motion_n can_v be_v eternal_a and_o consequent_o can_v be_v natural_a to_o the_o earth_n 117_o right_a motion_n seem_v to_o be_v whole_o exclude_v in_o nature_n 147_o with_o two_o right_a motion_n one_o can_v compose_v circular_a motion_n 375_o right_a motion_n belong_v to_o imperfect_a body_n and_o that_o be_v out_o of_o their_o natural_a place_n 495_o right_a motion_n be_v not_o simple_a 495_o right_a motion_n be_v ever_o mix_v with_o the_o circular_a 495_o simple_z motion_n peculiar_a only_o to_o simple_a body_n 494_o terrestrial_a motion_n collect_v from_o the_o star_n 229_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n accelerate_v and_o retard_v in_o their_o motion_n 388_o one_o single_a terrestrial_a motion_n suffice_v not_o to_o produce_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v 421_o uneven_a motion_n may_v make_v the_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n to_o run_v to_o and_o fro_o 387_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o two_o motion_n annual_a and_o diurnal_a 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be_v move_v and_o not_o the_o earth_n as_o namely_o because_o the_o sun_n appear_v small_a and_o the_o earth_n big_a again_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seem_a tardity_n but_o by_o ratiocination_n only_o in_o that_o after_o some_o time_n it_o vary_v not_o its_o proximity_n to_o such_o and_o such_o mountain_n therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o reason_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o instruct_v shall_v frame_v to_o itself_o any_o other_o apprehension_n than_o that_o the_o earth_n with_o heaven_n arch_n place_v over_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a house_n in_o which_o be_v immovable_a the_o sun_n like_o a_o bird_n fly_v in_o the_o air_n pass_v in_o so_o small_a a_o species_n out_o of_o one_o climate_n into_o another_o which_o imagination_n of_o all_o mankind_n be_v thus_o give_v the_o first_o line_n in_o the_o sacred_a leave_n in_o the_o beginning_n say_v moses_n god_n create_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n 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from_o he_o as_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o subject_a do_v sensible_o glide_v forward_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o orbicular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o do_v always_o betake_v itself_o to_o some_o new_a place_n of_o her_o surface_n upon_o which_o ground_n he_o be_v true_o say_v secundum_fw-la vulgarem_fw-la sermonem_fw-la to_o move_v above_o and_o revolve_v about_o the_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v for_o by_o this_o opinion_n we_o affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v that_o it_o may_v receive_v the_o sun_n one_o while_n in_o one_o another_o while_n in_o another_o part_n of_o it_o but_o that_o at_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n herself_o a_o contrary_a way_n the_o quality_n diffuse_v into_o she_o and_o impress_v upon_o she_o by_o the_o sun_n namely_o the_o light_n of_o the_o day_n be_v move_v which_o rise_v in_o one_o part_n of_o she_o and_o set_v in_o another_o contrary_n to_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o her_o 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difficulty_n and_o extraordinary_a weight_n require_v some_o prolixity_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o it_o my_o second_o maxim_n be_v this_o thing_n both_o spiritual_a and_o corporeal_a durable_a and_o corruptible_a movable_a and_o immovable_a have_v receive_v from_o god_n a_o perpetual_a unchangeable_a and_o inviolable_a law_n constitute_v the_o essence_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o according_a to_o which_o law_n all_o of_o they_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n persist_v in_o a_o certain_a order_n and_o constancy_n and_o observe_v the_o same_o perpetual_a course_n may_v deserve_o be_v style_v most_o stable_a and_o determinate_a thus_o fortune_n than_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o inconstant_a or_o fickle_a be_v say_v to_o be_v constant_a and_o unalterable_a in_o her_o continual_a volubility_n vicissitude_n and_o inconstancy_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o verse_n et_fw-la semper_fw-la constans_fw-la in_o levitate_fw-la sua_fw-la 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and_o transfer_v to_o another_o place_n the_o sea_n may_v not_o therefore_o absolute_o &_o simple_o be_v say_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n but_o only_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la and_o secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o a_o part_n of_o it_o but_o rather_o to_o speak_v simple_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v carry_v or_o move_v out_o of_o its_o proper_a place_n though_o as_o to_o its_o part_n it_o be_v move_v and_o transfer_v to_o &_o again_o this_o maxim_n be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o and_o by_o it_o may_v the_o authority_n be_v explain_v which_o seem_v to_o make_v for_o the_o immobility_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o manner_n namely_o the_o earth_n per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o absolutè_fw-la consider_v as_o to_o its_o whole_a be_v not_o mutable_a see_v it_o be_v neither_o generate_v nor_o corrupt_v neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v neither_o be_v it_o alter_v secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la immovable_a but_o only_o secundum_fw-la 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in_o the_o very_a substance_n quantity_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o local_a motion_n than_o it_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o ensue_a maxim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o natural_a place_n assign_v it_o in_o the_o universe_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o the_o four_o axiom_n be_v this_o that_o every_o corporeal_a thing_n movable_a or_o immovable_a from_o its_o very_a first_o creation_n be_v allot_v its_o proper_a and_o natural_a place_n and_o be_v draw_v or_o remove_v from_o thence_o its_o motion_n be_v violent_a and_o it_o have_v a_o natural_a tendency_n to_o move_v back_o thither_o again_o also_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v move_v from_o its_o natural_a place_n secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la for_o most_o great_a and_o dreadful_a mischief_n will_v follow_v from_o that_o perturbation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n place_n
thrasimenus_n where_o hannibal_n give_v a_o fatal_a overthrow_n to_o the_o roman_a legion_n in_o that_o sweet_a and_o fertile_a part_n of_o happy_a italy_n call_v the_o territory_n of_o perugia_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o tuscany_n which_o at_o present_a submit_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o church_n as_o be_v a_o part_n of_o st._n peter_n patrimony_n his_o parent_n who_o be_v more_o zealous_a of_o the_o good_a of_o his_o soul_n than_o observant_a of_o the_o propension_n of_o his_o genius_n dedicate_v he_o according_a to_o the_o devotion_n of_o that_o country_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o church_n and_o enter_v he_o into_o the_o flourish_a order_n of_o blackfriar_n call_v from_o the_o place_n monk_n of_o monte_n casino_n and_o from_o the_o founder_n benedictines_n nature_n that_o she_o may_v consummate_v the_o profusion_n of_o her_o favour_n upon_o he_o send_v he_o into_o the_o world_n in_o a_o age_n that_o be_v so_o ennoble_v and_o illuminate_v with_o 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lofty_a and_o easy_a to-be-mistaken_a speculation_n of_o the_o theory_n into_o certain_a and_o facile_a direction_n for_o practice_n teach_v we_o how_o to_o prevent_v and_o repair_v the_o breach_n of_o sea_n and_o inundation_n of_o river_n to_o drain_v and_o recover_v fen_n and_o march_n to_o divert_v convey_v and_o distribute_v water_n for_o the_o flow_v and_o stercoration_n of_o ground_n strengthen_v of_o fortification_n serve_v of_o aquaduct_n preserve_v of_o health_n by_o cleanse_v street_n and_o scour_a sewer_n and_o maintain_v of_o commerce_n by_o defend_v bridge_n clear_n river_n and_o open_v pore_n and_o channel_n with_o innumerable_a other_o benefit_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o i_o may_v omit_v no_o circumstance_n that_o may_v recommend_v my_o author_n the_o fortune_n of_o this_o his_o treatise_n have_v be_v such_o that_o as_o if_o he_o intend_v a_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la by_o it_o or_o as_o if_o all_o man_n despair_v to_o outdo_v it_o or_o last_o as_o if_o
castelli_n have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n that_o none_o have_v presume_v to_o take_v pencil_n in_o hand_n for_o the_o finish_n of_o what_o he_o pourfoild_a this_o small_a tract_n like_o the_o arabian_a phoenix_n of_o which_o it_o be_v say_v unica_fw-la semper_fw-la avis_n do_v for_o several_a year_n together_o continue_v single_a in_o the_o world_n till_o that_o to_o verify_v it_o to_o be_v true_o phoenician_n it_o renew_v its_o age_n by_o undergo_a a_o second_o impression_n and_o as_o if_o this_o do_v not_o make_v out_o the_o immortal_a virtue_n of_o it_o it_o have_v have_v anno_fw-la 1660_o a_o three_o circulation_n and_o rise_v in_o this_o last_o edition_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o urn_n of_o its_o author_n and_o that_o so_o improve_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o second_o part_n that_o it_o promise_v to_o perpetuate_v his_o merit_n to_o all_o posterity_n to_o be_v brief_a the_o mere_a fame_n of_o this_o work_n resound_v the_o honourable_a name_n of_o castelli_n into_o all_o the_o corner_n of_o italy_n i_o may_v say_v of_o europe_n insomuch_o that_o in_o hope_n to_o reap_v great_a benefit_n by_o his_o art_n the_o respective_a grandee_n of_o the_o adjacent_a country_n court_v his_o judgement_n and_o advice_n about_o their_o draining_n of_o fen_n diversion_n of_o river_n evacuation_n of_o port_n prevent_v of_o inundation_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o every_o summer_n he_o make_v one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o journey_n or_o visitation_n particular_o the_o senate_n of_o venice_n consult_v he_o about_o their_o lake_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n in_o may_n 1641._o and_o upon_o far_a thought_n he_o present_v they_o with_o another_o paper_n of_o consideration_n the_o 20_o december_n follow_v prince_n leopoldo_n of_o tuscany_n likewise_o request_v his_o advice_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ensue_a year_n 1642_o which_o occasion_v his_o letter_n to_o father_n francisco_n di_fw-fr san_n giuseppe_n bear_v date_n february_n 1_o to_o which_o 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itself_o from_o so_o profound_a and_o industrious_a a_o personage_n leave_v many_o friend_n and_o disciple_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o quality_n to_o lament_v his_o loss_n and_o honour_v his_o memory_n §_o his_o singular_a virtue_n and_o ability_n have_v gain_v he_o the_o friendship_n of_o very_a many_o as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o he_o have_v contract_v strict_a amity_n with_o monsignore_n maffei_n barberino_n a_o florentine_a praefect_n of_o the_o public_a way_n and_o afterward_o pope_n with_o the_o name_n of_o urban_n viii_o as_o be_v say_v before_o with_o the_o abovenamed_a monsignore_n corsini_n superintendant_n of_o the_o general_n drain_v with_o monsignore_n piccolomini_n archbishop_n of_o sienna_n with_o cardinal_n serra_n with_o cardinal_n caponi_n who_o have_v study_v much_o and_o write_v well_o upon_o this_o subject_a and_o with_o cardinal_n gaetano_n who_o frequent_o consult_v with_o he_o in_o his_o design_n of_o draining_n the_o fen_n of_o romagna_n moreover_o prince_n 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and_o facilitate_v the_o practice_n of_o it_o and_o which_o with_o a_o relation_n of_o monsignore_n corsini_n make_v the_o second_o part_n of_o my_o first_o tome_n §_o i_o may_v here_o sally_v forth_o into_o the_o citation_n of_o sundry_a author_n of_o good_a account_n that_o have_v transmit_v his_o character_n to_o posterity_n but_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o only_o two_o the_o one_o be_v of_o his_o master_n the_o other_o of_o his_o scholar_n than_o who_o there_o can_v be_v two_o more_o competent_a judge_n of_o his_o accomplishment_n to_o begin_v with_o his_o master_n the_o quicksighted_n and_o true_o lyncean_a galileo_n who_o speak_v of_o his_o ability_n in_o astronomy_n say_v siderio_fw-la i_o la_v felicità _fw-la del_fw-it svo_fw-la ingegno_fw-la non_fw-la la_fw-fr fà _fw-fr bisognosa_fw-la dell_fw-it '_o opera_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o again_o submit_v a_o certain_a demonstration_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o divulge_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o our_o abbot_n he_o write_v to_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n 9_o questo_fw-la lo_o comunico_fw-la a_o v._o s._n per_fw-la lettera_fw-la prima_fw-la che_fw-it ad_fw-la alcun_fw-fr altro_fw-it con_fw-mi attenderne_a principalment_fw-it il_fw-it parer_fw-la svo_fw-la e_fw-it doppo_fw-it quello_fw-it do_v nostri_fw-la amici_n discosti_fw-la conpensiero_n d'_fw-fr inviaâ—ne_fw-fr poi_fw-fr altre_n copy_n ad_fw-la altri_fw-la amici_n d'italia_fw-la e_fw-it di_fw-it francia_n quando_fw-la io_fw-it ne_fw-la venga_fw-mi da_fw-mi lei_fw-it consigliato_fw-it e_fw-la qui_fw-la pregandola_n a_fw-fr farci_fw-la parte_fw-la d'_fw-fr alcuna_fw-la dell_fw-it sue_v peregrine_fw-la speculationi_fw-la con_fw-mi sincerissimo_fw-la affetto_fw-it etc._n etc._n and_o the_o most_o acute_a mathematician_n signore_v evangelista_n terricelli_n late_a professor_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n in_o immediate_a succession_n after_o galileo_n make_v this_o honourable_a and_o grateful_a mention_n of_o he_o and_o his_o book_n 191._o omitto_fw-la magnum_fw-la illum_fw-la nutantis_fw-la maris_fw-la motum_fw-la praetereo_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnem_fw-la fluminum_fw-la aquarumque_fw-la currentium_fw-la tum_fw-la mensurum_fw-la tum_fw-la usum_fw-la quarum_fw-la omnis_fw-la doctrina_fw-la reperta_fw-la primum_fw-la fuit_fw-la ab_fw-la abbate_n benedicto_n castellio_n preceptore_fw-la meo_fw-la scripsit_fw-la ille_fw-la scientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o illam_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la demonstratione_fw-la verum_fw-la etiam_fw-la opere_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la maxima_fw-la cum_fw-la principum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la utilitate_fw-la majore_fw-la cum_fw-la admiratione_n phylosophorum_fw-la extat_fw-la illius_fw-la libre_fw-la veer_fw-la aureus_fw-la §_o i_o have_v only_o two_o particular_n more_o to_o offer_v the_o english_a reader_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o book_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o after_o the_o general_a aprobation_n it_o have_v have_v in_o italy_n i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o deserve_v the_o same_o civil_a entertainment_n 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he_o who_o desire_v more_o full_a and_o absolute_a solidity_n of_o reason_n may_v overpass_v this_o prefatory_a discourse_n and_o only_o consider_v what_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o demonstration_n place_v towards_o the_o end_n and_o return_v afterward_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n collect_v in_o the_o corollary_n and_o appendix_n which_o demonstration_n notwithstanding_o may_v be_v pretermit_v by_o he_o that_o have_v not_o see_v at_o least_o the_o first_o six_o book_n of_o the_o element_n of_o euclid_n so_o that_o he_o diligent_o observe_v that_o which_o follow_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o have_v in_o time_n past_a on_o divers_a occasion_n hear_v speak_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o fountain_n say_v such_o a_o river_n be_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o foot_n of_o water_n such_o a_o spring-water_n be_v twenty_o thirty_o or_o forty_o inch_n etc._n etc._n although_o in_o such_o manner_n i_o have_v find_v all_o to_o treat_v thereof_o in_o word_n and_o writing_n without_o variety_n and_o as_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o say_v constanti_fw-la sermone_fw-la yea_o even_a artist_n and_o ingeneer_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o admit_v not_o of_o any_o doubt_n yet_o howsoever_o i_o remain_v still_o enfold_v in_o such_o a_o obscurity_n that_o i_o well_o know_v i_o understand_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o that_o which_o other_o pretend_v full_a and_o clear_o to_o understand_v and_o my_o doubt_n arise_v from_o my_o frequent_a observation_n of_o many_o trench_n and_o channel_n which_o carry_v water_n to_o turn_v mill_n in_o which_o trench_n and_o channel_n the_o water_n be_v measure_v be_v find_v pretty_a deep_a but_o if_o afterward_o the_o same_o water_n be_v measure_v in_o the_o fall_n it_o make_v to_o turn_v the_o wheel_n of_o the_o mill_n it_o be_v much_o less_o not_o amount_v often_o to_o the_o ten_o part_n nor_o sometime_o to_o the_o twenty_o insomuch_o that_o the_o same_o run_a water_n come_v to_o be_v one_o while_n more_o another_o while_n less_o in_o measure_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n this_o vulgar_a manner_n of_o measure_v run_a water_n as_o indeterminate_v and_o uncertain_a be_v by_o i_o just_o suspect_v the_o measure_n be_v to_o be_v determinate_a and_o the_o same_o and_o here_o i_o free_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v singular_a help_n to_o resolve_v this_o difficulty_n from_o the_o excellent_a &_o accurate_a way_n of_o discourse_v as_o in_o allother_n matter_n so_o also_o in_o this_o of_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o true_o noble_a signior_n ciampoli_n secretary_n of_o the_o pope_n secret_a affair_n who_o moreover_o not_o spare_v â—or_a the_o cost_n of_o the_o same_o generous_o give_v i_o occasion_n a_o few_o year_n past_a to_o try_v by_o exact_a experiment_n that_o which_o past_o concern_v this_o particular_a and_o to_o explain_v all_o more_o clear_o with_o a_o example_n we_o suppose_v a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o butt_n which_o be_v keep_v full_a though_o still_o water_n run_v out_o and_o the_o water_n run_v out_o by_o two_o tap_n equal_a of_o bigness_n one_o put_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o time_n wherein_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v issue_v a_o determinate_a measure_n of_o water_n from_o the_o inferior_a part_n there_o shall_v issue_v four_o five_o and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o tap_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o upper_a tap_n from_o the_o superficies_n and_o level_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o all_o this_o will_v always_o follow_v though_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o tap_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o water_n in_o discharge_v keep_v the_o say_a tap_n always_o full_a where_o first_o we_o note_v that_o although_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o tap_n be_v equal_a nevertheless_o there_o issue_v from_o they_o in_o equal_a time_n unequal_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v more_o attentive_o consider_v this_o business_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n by_o the_o low_a tap_n run_v and_o pass_v with_o much_o great_a velocity_n than_o it_o do_v by_o the_o upper_a whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n if_o therefore_o we_o will_v have_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n discharge_v from_o the_o upper_a tap_n as_o will_v discharge_v from_o the_o nether_a in_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o either_o the_o upper_a tap_n must_v be_v multiply_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o so_o many_o more_o tap_n in_o number_n be_v place_v above_o than_o below_o as_o the_o nether_a tap_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o upper_a or_o the_o upper_a tap_n make_v so_o much_o big_a than_o the_o nether_a by_o how_o much_o that_o beneath_o shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o that_o above_o and_o so_o then_o in_o equal_a time_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n shall_v discharge_v from_o the_o upper_a as_o do_v fromthâ—e_o nether_a part_n i_o will_v declare_v myself_o by_o another_o example_n if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v that_o two_o cord_n or_o line_n of_o equal_a thickness_n be_v draw_v through_o two_o hole_n of_o equal_a bore_n but_o so_o that_o the_o first_o pass_v with_o quadruple_a velocity_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o if_o in_o a_o determinate_a time_n we_o shall_v by_o the_o first_o bear_v have_v draw_v four_o ell_n of_o the_o line_n in_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n we_o shall_v have_v draw_v but_o one_o ell_n of_o cord_n only_o and_o if_o by_o the_o first_o there_o pass_v twelve_o ell_n then_o through_o the_o second_o there_o shall_v pass_v only_o three_o ell_n and_o in_o short_a the_o quantity_n of_o cord_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o cord_n that_o the_o volocity_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n and_o therefore_o we_o desire_v to_o compensate_a the_o tardity_n of_o the_o second_o cord_n and_o maintain_v the_o same_o tardity_n to_o draw_v through_o the_o second_o hole_n as_o much_o cord_n as_o through_o the_o first_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o draw_v through_o the_o second_o bear_v four_o end_n of_o cord_n so_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o all_o the_o cord_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cord_n which_o pass_v only_o by_o the_o first_o as_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o cord_n by_o the_o first_o hole_n have_v reciprocal_o to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o codâ—s_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n and_o thus_o its_o clear_a that_o when_o there_o be_v draw_v through_o two_o hole_n equal_a quantity_n of_o cord_n in_o equal_a time_n but_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o thickness_n of_o all_o the_o four_o cord_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o swift_a cord_n that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o swift_a cord_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o slow_a the_o which_o be_v verify_v likewise_o in_o the_o fluid_a element_n of_o water_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o principal_a fundamental_a be_v well_o understand_v i_o will_v also_o note_v a_o certain_a observation_n make_v my_o i_n in_o the_o art_n of_o wyer-drawing_a or_o spin_v gold_n silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o such_o artificer_n desire_v more_o and_o more_o to_o disgrosse_v and_o subtillize_v the_o say_a metal_n have_v wound_n about_o a_o rocket_n or_o barrel_n the_o thread_n of_o the_o metal_n they_o place_v the_o rocket_n in_o a_o frame_n upon_o a_o steadfast_a axis_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o rocket_n may_v turn_v about_o in_o itself_o then_o make_v one_o end_n of_o the_o thread_n to_o pass_v by_o force_n through_o a_o plate_n of_o steel_n pierce_v with_o divers_a hole_n great_a and_o lesser_a as_o need_n require_v fasten_v the_o same_o end_n of_o the_o thread_n to_o another_o rocket_n they_o wind_v up_o the_o thread_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o bear_v less_o than_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o thread_n be_v of_o force_n constrain_v to_o disgrosse_v and_o subtillize_v now_o that_o which_o be_v intense_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o business_n be_v this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n be_v of_o such_o a_o thickness_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o thread_n after_o it_o be_v pass_v the_o hole_n be_v of_o a_o lesser_a thickness_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o mass_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o thread_n which_o be_v draw_v forth_o be_v ever_o equal_a to_o the_o mass_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o thread_n which_o be_v wind_v up_o but_o if_o we_o shall_v well_o consider_v the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o thick_a the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n
be_v than_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n the_o great_a reciprocal_o be_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n than_o the_o volocity_n of_o the_o part_n before_o the_o hole_n insomuch_o that_o if_o verbi_fw-la gratia_fw-la the_o thickness_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n be_v double_a to_o the_o thickness_n after_o the_o hole_n in_o such_o case_n the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n shall_v be_v double_a to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n and_o thus_o the_o thickness_n compensate_v the_o velocity_n and_o the_o velocity_n compensate_v the_o thickness_n so_o that_o the_o same_o occur_v in_o the_o solid_a metal_n of_o gold_n silver_n brass_n iron_n etc._n etc._n that_o even_v also_o in_o the_o fluid_a element_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquid_n namely_o that_o the_o velocity_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o water_n have_v to_o the_o thickness_n and_o therefore_o grant_v this_o discourse_n we_o may_v say_v that_o as_o often_o as_o two_o tap_n with_o different_a velocity_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o tap_n less_o swift_a be_v so_o much_o great_a and_o large_a than_o the_o tap_n more_o swift_a by_o how_o much_o the_o swift_a superate_v in_o velocity_n the_o slow_a and_o to_o pronounce_v the_o proposition_n in_o more_o proper_a term_n we_o say_v that_o if_o two_o tap_n of_o unequal_a velocity_n discharge_v in_o equal_a time_n equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o second_o in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o first_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o first_o tap_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n swift_a than_o the_o second_o tap_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o second_o be_v ten_o time_n big_a and_o large_a than_o the_o first_o and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o tap_n shall_v discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n and_o this_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o most_o important_a point_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v always_o in_o mind_n for_o that_o on_o it_o well_o understand_v depend_v many_o thing_n profitable_a and_o worthy_a of_o our_o knowledge_n now_o apply_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v near_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o same_o river_n or_o current_n of_o run_a water_n there_o do_v always_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v in_o our_o first_o proposition_n and_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a part_n the_o same_o river_n may_v have_v various_a and_o different_a velocity_n it_o follow_v of_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o where_o the_o river_n have_v less_o velocity_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a measure_n and_o in_o those_o part_n in_o which_o it_o have_v great_a velocity_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o less_o measure_n and_o in_o sum_n the_o velocity_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o say_a river_n shall_v have_v eternal_o reciprocal_a and_o like_a proportion_n with_o their_o measure_n this_o principle_n and_o fundamental_a well_o establish_v that_o the_o same_o current_n of_o water_n change_v measure_n according_a to_o its_o vary_v of_o velocity_n that_o be_v lessen_v the_o measure_n when_o the_o velocity_n increase_v and_o increase_a the_o measure_n when_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v i_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o many_o particular_a accident_n in_o this_o admirable_a matter_n and_o all_o depend_v on_o this_o sole_a proposition_n the_o sense_n of_o which_o i_o have_v oft_o repeat_v that_o it_o may_v be_v well_o understand_v corollary_n i._n and_o first_o we_o hence_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o a_o torrent_n namely_o those_o stream_n which_o carry_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n make_v not_o the_o same_o depth_n or_o measure_n in_o the_o river_n in_o which_o they_o enter_v unless_o when_o in_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o river_n they_o acquire_v or_o to_o say_v better_o keep_v the_o same_o velocity_n because_o if_o the_o velocicity_n acquire_v in_o the_o river_n shall_v be_v different_a also_o the_o measure_n shall_v be_v diverse_a and_o consequent_o the_o depth_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n ii_o and_o because_o successive_o as_o the_o river_n be_v more_o and_o more_o full_a it_o be_v constitute_v ordinary_o in_o great_a &_o great_a velocity_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o the_o torrent_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o river_n make_v less_o and_o less_o depth_n as_o the_o river_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o full_a since_o that_o also_o the_o water_n of_o the_o torrent_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o river_n go_v acquire_v great_a and_o great_a velocity_n and_o therefore_o diminish_v in_o measure_n and_o height_n corollary_n iii_o we_o observe_v also_o that_o while_o the_o main_a river_n be_v shallow_a if_o there_o fall_v but_o a_o gentle_a rain_n it_o sudden_o much_o increase_v and_o rise_v but_o when_o the_o river_n be_v already_o swell_v though_o there_o fall_v again_o another_o new_a violent_a shower_n yet_o it_o increase_v not_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o before_o proportionable_o to_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v which_o thing_n we_o may_v affirm_v particular_o to_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o in_o the_o first_o case_n while_o the_o river_n be_v low_a it_o be_v find_v also_o very_o slow_a and_o therefore_o the_o little_a water_n which_o enter_v into_o it_o pass_v and_o run_v with_o little_a velocity_n and_o consequent_o occupy_v a_o great_a measure_n but_o when_o the_o river_n be_v once_o augment_v by_o new_a water_n be_v also_o make_v more_o swift_a it_o cause_v the_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n which_o fall_v to_o bear_v a_o less_o measure_n and_o not_o to_o make_v such_o a_o depth_n corollary_n iu._n from_o the_o thing_n demonstrate_v be_v manifest_a also_o that_o whilst_o a_o torrent_n enter_v into_o a_o river_n at_o the_o time_n of_o ebb_n than_o the_o torrent_n move_v with_o such_o a_o certain_a velocity_n what_o ever_o it_o be_v pass_v by_o its_o extreme_a part_n wherewith_o it_o communicate_v with_o the_o river_n in_o which_o part_n the_o torrent_n be_v measure_v shall_v have_v such_o a_o certain_a measure_n but_o the_o river_n swell_v and_o rise_v also_o those_o part_n of_o the_o torrent_n augment_v in_o greatness_n and_o measure_n though_o the_o torrent_n in_o that_o instant_n disimbogue_a no_o more_o water_n than_o it_o do_v before_o so_o that_o the_o river_n be_v swell_v we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n one_o less_o before_o the_o rise_n the_o other_o great_a after_o the_o rise_n which_o mouth_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n therefore_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o lesser_a mouth_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o great_a mouth_n and_o thus_o the_o torrent_n shall_v be_v retard_v from_o its_o ordinary_a course_n corollary_n v._n from_o which_o operation_n of_o nature_n proceed_v another_o effect_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o it_o be_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n retard_v as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o those_o ultimate_a part_n of_o the_o torrent_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o the_o torrent_n grow_v torbid_v and_o muddy_a and_o its_o stream_n be_v retard_v in_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o carry_v away_o those_o minute_n grain_n of_o earth_n which_o compose_v the_o muddinesse_n in_o this_o case_n the_o torrent_n shall_v clear_v away_o the_o mud_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o sand_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o own_o channel_n in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o its_o mouth_n which_o raise_v and_o void_v sand_n shall_v again_o afterward_o be_v carry_v away_o when_o the_o river_n abate_v the_o torrent_n shall_v return_v to_o move_v with_o its_o primitive_a velocity_n corollary_n vi._n whilst_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o same_o water_n have_v different_a measure_n in_o its_o channel_n or_o course_n according_a as_o it_o vary_v in_o velocity_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v always_o great_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v lesser_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o measure_n lesser_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v great_a from_o hence_o we_o may_v most_o elegant_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o usual_a proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n for_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o self_n same_o water_n of_o a_o river_n in_o those_o part_n wherein_o it_o be_v less_o swift_a and_o thence_o call_v still_o or_o smooth_a water_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o necessity_n of_o
great_a measure_n than_o in_o those_o part_n in_o which_o it_o be_v more_o swift_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o shall_v be_v also_o more_o deep_a and_o dangerous_a for_o passenger_n whence_o it_o be_v well_o say_v take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n and_o this_o say_n have_v be_v since_o apply_v to_o thing_n moral_a corollary_n vii_o likewise_o from_o the_o thing_n demonstrate_v may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o wind_n which_o stop_v a_o river_n and_o blow_v against_o the_o current_n retard_v its_o course_n and_o ordinary_a velocity_n shall_v necessary_o amplify_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o river_n and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v in_o great_a part_n cause_n or_o we_o may_v say_v potent_a concause_n of_o make_v the_o extraordinary_a inundation_n which_o river_n use_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o as_o often_o as_o a_o strong_a and_o continual_a wind_n shall_v blow_v against_o the_o current_n of_o a_o river_n and_o shall_v reduce_v the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n to_o such_o tardity_n of_o motion_n that_o in_o the_o time_n wherein_o before_o it_o run_v five_o mile_n it_o now_o move_v but_o one_o such_o a_o river_n will_v increase_v to_o five_o time_n the_o measure_n though_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v add_v any_o other_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o thing_n indeed_o have_v in_o it_o something_o of_o strange_a but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a for_o that_o look_v what_o proportion_n the_o water_n velocity_n before_o the_o wind_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n after_o the_o wind_n and_o sueh_a reciprocal_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o water_n after_o the_o wind_n to_o the_o measure_n before_o the_o wind_n and_o because_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v in_o our_o case_n that_o the_o velocity_n be_v diminish_v to_o a_o five_o part_n therefore_o the_o measure_n shall_v be_v increase_v five_o time_n more_o than_o that_o which_o it_o be_v before_o corollary_n viii_o we_o have_v also_o probable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o tiber_n which_o befall_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o six_o &_o of_o clement_n the_o seven_o which_o inundation_n come_v in_o a_o serene_a time_n and_o without_o great_a thaw_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o therefore_o much_o puzzle_v the_o wit_n of_o those_o time_n but_o we_o may_v with_o much_o probability_n affirm_v that_o the_o river_n rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o excrescence_n by_o the_o retardation_n of_o the_o water_n dependent_a on_o the_o boisterous_a and_o constant_a wind_n that_o blow_v in_o those_o time_n as_o be_v note_v in_o the_o memorial_n corollary_n ix_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o by_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n the_o torrent_n may_v increase_v and_o of_o themselves_o alone_o exorbitant_o swell_v the_o river_n and_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o also_o without_o new_a water_n but_o only_o by_o the_o notable_a retardment_n the_o river_n rise_v and_o increase_v in_o measure_n in_o proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o each_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v able_a of_o itself_o and_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o to_o swell_v the_o river_n when_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o both_o these_o two_o cause_n conspire_v the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o river_n in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o must_v follow_v very_o great_a and_o irrepable_a inundation_n corollary_n x._o from_o what_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v we_o may_v with_o facility_n resolve_v the_o doubt_n which_o have_v trouble_v and_o still_o pose_v the_o most_o diligent_a but_o incautelous_a observer_n of_o river_n who_o measure_v the_o stream_n and_o torrent_n which_o fall_v into_o another_o river_n as_o those_o for_o instance_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o po_n or_o those_o which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n and_o have_v sum_v the_o total_a of_o these_o measure_n and_o confer_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o river_n and_o brook_n which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o tiber_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o which_o disimbogue_v into_o po_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o po_n they_o find_v they_o not_o equal_a as_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o this_o be_v because_o they_o have_v not_o well_o note_v the_o most_o important_a point_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o velocity_n and_o how_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o potent_a cause_n of_o wonderful_o alter_v the_o measure_n of_o run_a water_n but_o we_o most_o facil_o resolve_v the_o doubt_n may_v say_v that_o these_o water_n diminish_v the_o measure_n be_v once_o enter_v the_o principal_a channel_n because_o they_o increase_v in_o velocity_n corollary_n xi_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o alter_v its_o measure_n &_o augment_v it_o when_o the_o velocity_n diminish_v and_o diminish_v it_o when_o the_o velocity_n augment_v the_o architect_n giovanni_n fontana_n endeavour_v to_o measure_n and_o and_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v measure_v by_o his_o nephew_n all_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n which_o discharge_v their_o water_n into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o innundation_n which_o happen_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1598._o and_o publish_v a_o small_a treatise_n thereof_o wherein_o he_o sum_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a water_n which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n and_o make_v account_n that_o it_o be_v about_o five_o hundred_o ell_n more_o than_o ordinary_a and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o treatise_n conclude_v that_o to_o remove_v the_o innundation_n whole_o from_o rome_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v two_o other_o channel_n equal_a to_o that_o at_o present_a and_o that_o less_o will_v not_o suffice_v and_o find_v afterward_o that_o the_o whole_a stream_n pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a the_o arch_n whereof_o be_v of_o a_o far_o less_o measure_n than_o five_o hundred_o ell_n conclude_v that_o under_o the_o say_a bridge_n past_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o one_o ell_n of_o water_n compress_v i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o precise_a term_n of_o compress_a water_n write_v by_o fontana_n wherein_o i_o find_v many_o error_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v to_o think_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o these_o water_n compress_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n shall_v maintain_v themselves_o the_o same_o in_o tiber_n which_o by_o his_o leave_n be_v most_o false_a when_o ever_o those_o water_n reduce_v into_o tiber_n retain_v not_o the_o same_o velocity_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o place_n in_o which_o fontana_n and_o his_o nephew_n measure_v they_o and_o all_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v above_o explain_v for_o if_o the_o water_n reduce_v into_o tiber_n increase_n in_o velocity_n they_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o if_o they_o decrease_v in_o velocity_n they_o increase_v in_o measure_n second_o i_o consider_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n which_o enter_v into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o innundation_n be_v not_o between_o themselves_o real_o the_o same_o when_o their_o velocity_n be_v not_o equal_a though_o they_o have_v the_o same_o name_n of_o ell_n and_o foot_n for_o that_o its_o possible_a that_o a_o disinboguement_fw-fr of_o ten_o ell_n requadrate_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o phrase_n of_o fontana_n of_o one_o of_o those_o brook_n may_v discharge_v into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o innundation_n four_o ten_o and_o twenty_o time_n less_o water_n than_o another_o mouth_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o in_o greatness_n as_o will_v occur_v when_o the_o first_o mouth_n be_v four_o ten_o or_o twenty_o time_n less_o swift_a than_o the_o second_o whereupon_o whilst_o fontana_n sum_v up_o the_o ell_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n into_o a_o total_a aggregate_v he_o commit_v the_o same_o error_n with_o he_o which_o will_v add_v into_o one_o sum_n diverse_a money_n of_o diverse_a value_n and_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o have_v the_o same_o name_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v ten_o crown_n of_o roman_a money_n four_o crown_n of_o gold_n thirteen_o crown_n of_o florence_n five_o crown_n of_o venice_n and_o eight_o crown_n of_o mantua_n shall_v make_v the_o same_o sum_n with_o forty_o crown_n of_o gold_n or_o forty_o crown_n of_o mantua_n three_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o some_o river_n or_o current_n in_o the_o part_n near_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o flow_n do_v not_o send_v forth_o more_o water_n than_o ordinary_a and_o however_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o clear_a that_o whilst_o the_o stream_n come_v from_o the_o superior_a part_n that_o same_o brook_n or_o river_n will_v be_v augment_v in_o measure_n as_o have_v be_v note_v in_o the_o four_o corollary_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o fontana_n may_v have_v inculcate_v and_o note_v that_o same_o river_n or_o current_n as_o concur_v to_o the_o innundation_n although_o it_o
ferara_n yet_o nevertheless_o from_o this_o particular_a doctrine_n well_o understand_v good_a judgement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n in_o general_n i_o say_v then_o for_o great_a perspecuity_n and_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o about_o thirteen_o mile_n above_o ferara_n near_o to_o stellata_fw-la the_o main_a of_o po_n branch_a itself_o into_o two_o part_n with_o one_o of_o its_o arm_n it_o come_v close_o to_o ferara_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o here_o again_o it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o other_o branch_n and_o that_o which_o continue_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o of_o primaro_n and_o that_o on_o the_o leave_v the_o po_n of_o volana_n but_o for_o that_o the_o bed_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v heretofore_o augment_v and_o raise_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o rest_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a po_n except_o in_o the_o time_n of_o 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more_o to_o the_o purpose_n whole_o to_o stop_v it_o up_o than_o to_o maintain_v it_o open_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o change_v my_o judgement_n upon_o strength_n of_o better_a reason_n especial_o of_o one_o that_o shall_v have_v first_o well_o understand_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o my_o discourse_n which_o i_o frequent_o inculcate_v because_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a without_o this_o advertisement_n to_o treat_v of_o these_o matter_n and_o not_o commit_v very_o great_a error_n i_o propose_v therefore_o to_o consideration_n that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o whilst_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n the_o bank_n and_o dam_n then_o cut_v of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o the_o superior_a water_n have_v a_o very_a great_a fall_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n they_o precipitate_v into_o the_o same_o with_o great_a violence_n and_o velocity_n and_o with_o the_o same_o in_o the_o beginning_n or_o little_o less_o they_o run_v towards_o the_o po_n of_o volana_n and_o of_o argenta_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n yet_o after_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hour_n the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v full_a and_o the_o superior_a water_n not_o find_v so_o great_a a_o diclivity_n there_o as_o they_o have_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o cut_n they_o fall_v not_o into_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a velocity_n but_o with_o far_o less_o and_o thereby_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o water_n begin_v to_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n and_o if_o we_o diligent_o compare_v the_o velocity_n at_o the_o first_o cut_v with_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n after_o the_o cut_v make_v and_o when_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v perhaps_o that_o to_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o time_n great_a than_o this_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n which_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n that_o first_o impetuosity_n be_v past_a shall_v be_v only_o the_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o which_o issue_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n will_v return_v in_o a_o small_a time_n almost_o to_o the_o first_o height_n and_o here_o i_o will_v pray_v those_o who_o rest_v not_o whole_o satisfy_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o for_o the_o love_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o common_a good_a they_o will_v please_v to_o make_v diligent_a observation_n whether_o in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a flood_n the_o say_a bank_n or_o dam_n at_o bondeno_n be_v cut_v and_o that_o in_o few_o hour_n the_o main_a po_n diminish_v as_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o foot_n in_o its_o height_n that_o they_o will_v observe_v i_o say_v whether_o a_o day_n or_o two_o be_v past_a the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n return_v almost_o to_o their_o first_o height_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v follow_v it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_a that_o the_o benefit_n which_o result_v from_o this_o diversion_n or_o vent_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v universal_o presume_v i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v presume_v because_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o true_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n abate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o vent_n yet_o this_o benefit_n happen_v to_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o for_o a_o few_o hour_n if_o the_o rise_n of_o po_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o break_v forth_o be_v of_o short_a duration_n as_o it_o ordinary_o befall_v in_o the_o overflowing_n of_o torrent_n in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o vent_n will_v be_v of_o some_o esteem_n but_o because_o the_o swell_n of_o po_n continue_v for_o thirty_o or_o sometime_o for_o forty_o day_n therefore_o the_o gain_n which_o result_v from_o the_o vent_n prove_v to_o be_v inconsiderable_a it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o notable_a harm_n which_o follow_v the_o say_a sluice_n or_o vent_n that_o so_o reflection_n be_v make_v and_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o detriment_n compare_v one_o may_v right_o judge_v and_o choose_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v most_o convenient_a the_o first_o prejudice_n therefore_o which_o arise_v from_o this_o vent_n or_o sluice_n be_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n primaro_n and_o volana_n fill_v with_o water_n all_o those_o part_n from_o bondeno_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n be_v alarm_v and_o endanger_v thereby_o second_o the_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n have_v free_a ingress_n into_o the_o upper_a valley_n they_o fill_v they_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o field_n adjacent_a and_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ordinary_a trench_n in_o the_o same_o valley_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o care_n cost_n and_o labour_n about_o the_o drain_n and_o free_v the_o upper_a valley_n from_o water_n will_v also_o become_v vain_a and_o ineffectual_a three_o i_o consider_v that_o these_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v pass_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o main_a po_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n and_o height_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o when_o the_o great_a po_n diminish_v than_o these_o water_n pass_v by_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n begin_v to_o retard_v in_o their_o course_n and_o final_o come_v to_o turn_v the_o current_n upward_o towards_o stellata_fw-la rest_v first_o in_o the_o intermediate_v time_n almost_o fix_v and_o stand_v and_o therefore_o depose_v the_o muddinesse_n they_o fill_v up_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n or_o current_n of_o ferara_n four_o and_o last_o there_o follow_v from_o this_o same_o diversion_n another_o notable_a damage_n and_o it_o be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o breach_n make_v by_o river_n near_o to_o which_o breach_n
in_o the_o low_a part_n namely_o below_o the_o breach_n there_o be_v beget_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n a_o certain_a ridge_n or_o shelf_n that_o be_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o thus_o just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n cut_v the_o bank_n at_o bondeno_n there_o be_v at_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n make_v from_o which_o follow_v the_o rise_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v past_o the_o mouth_n of_o pamaro_n which_o thing_n how_o pernicious_a it_o be_v let_v any_o one_o judge_n that_o understand_v these_o matter_n and_o therefore_o both_o for_o the_o small_a benefit_n and_o so_o many_o harm_n that_o ensue_v from_o maintain_v this_o diversion_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o be_v more_o sound_a advice_n to_o keep_v that_o bank_n always_o whole_a at_o bondeno_n or_o in_o any_o other_o convenient_a place_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a po_n shall_v ever_o come_v near_o to_o ferara_n corollary_n fourteen_o in_o the_o grand_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o here_o in_o italy_n po_n adige_n artesia_n and_o arno_n which_o be_v arm_v with_o bank_n against_o their_o excrescency_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n they_o need_v bank_n of_o a_o notable_a height_n which_o height_n go_v afterward_o by_o degree_n diminish_v the_o more_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o seacoast_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o po_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o mile_n at_o ferara_n shall_v have_v bank_n that_o be_v above_o twenty_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a water-mark_n but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o bank_n be_v not_o twelve_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o say_v ordinary_a water-mark_n though_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o same_o innundation_n happen_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o measure_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n then_o near_o and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n pass_v by_o every_o place_n the_o river_n shall_v need_v to_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o bank_n in_o all_o place_n but_o we_o by_o our_o principle_n and_o fundamental_o may_v be_v able_a to_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o effect_n and_o say_v that_o that_o excess_n of_o quantity_n of_o water_n above_o the_o ordinary_a water_n go_v always_o acquire_v great_a velocity_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o consequent_o in_o height_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n in_o great_a part_n why_o the_o tiber_n in_o the_o innundation_n anno_fw-la 1578._o issue_v not_o forth_o of_o its_o channel_n below_o rome_n towards_o the_o sea_n corollary_n xv._n from_o the_o same_o doctrine_n may_v be_v render_v a_o most_o manifest_a reason_n why_o the_o fall_a water_n go_v lessen_v in_o their_o descent_n so_o that_o the_o same_o fall_a water_n measure_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o fall_n be_v great_a and_o big_a and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n lessen_v in_o measure_n the_o more_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fall_n which_o depend_v on_o no_o other_o than_o on_o the_o acquisition_n which_o it_o successive_o make_v of_o great_a velocity_n it_o be_v a_o most_o familiar_a conclusion_n among_o philosopher_n that_o grave_a body_n fall_v the_o more_o they_o remove_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o motion_n the_o more_o they_o acquire_v of_o swiftness_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n as_o a_o grave_a body_n falling_z gradual_o velocitates_fw-la and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o lessen_v corollary_n xvi_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o spirting_n of_o a_o fountain_n of_o water_n which_o spring_n on_o high_a work_v a_o contrary_a effect_n namely_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o become_v great_a and_o big_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o manifest_a because_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a and_o afterward_o gradual_o relent_v their_o impetuosity_n and_o motion_n so_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o excursion_n that_o they_o make_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v big_a as_o in_o the_o effect_n be_v see_v appendix_n i._o into_o the_o error_n of_o not_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o different_a velocity_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n in_o several_a place_n of_o its_o current_n be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o great_a or_o less_o i_o think_v if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v that_o ginlio_n frontino_n a_o noble_a ancient_a writer_n may_v have_v fall_v in_o the_o second_o book_n which_o he_o write_v of_o the_o aqueduct_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n whilst_o find_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n water_n commentariis_fw-la less_o than_o it_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la 1263._o quinary_n he_o think_v that_o so_o much_o difference_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o when_o afterward_o with_o his_o own_o industry_n he_o measure_v the_o same_o water_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_n find_v it_o near_o 10000_o quinary_n big_a than_o it_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la he_o judge_v that_o the_o overplus_n be_v imbezile_v by_o minister_n and_o partaker_n which_o in_o part_n may_v be_v so_o for_o it_o be_v but_o too_o true_a that_o the_o public_a be_v almost_o always_o defraud_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o very_o believe_v withal_o that_o beside_o the_o fraud_n of_o these_o officer_n the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o place_n wherein_o frontino_n measure_v it_o may_v be_v different_a from_o those_o velocity_n which_o be_v find_v in_o other_o place_n before_o measure_v by_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n may_v yea_o ought_v necessary_o to_o be_v different_a it_o have_v be_v by_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n have_v reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n which_o frontino_n not_o well_o consider_v and_o find_v the_o water_n in_o commentariis_fw-la 12755._o quinary_n in_o erogatione_fw-la 14018_o and_o in_o his_o own_o measure_n ad_fw-la capita_fw-la ductuum_fw-la at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o fountain_n 22755._o quinary_n or_o thereabouts_o he_o think_v that_o in_o all_o these_o place_n there_o past_a different_a quantity_n of_o water_n namely_o great_a at_o the_o fountain_n head_n than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la and_o this_o he_o judge_v great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la appendix_n ii_o a_o like_a mistake_n chance_v late_o in_o the_o aqueduct_v of_o acqua-paola_n which_o water_n shall_v be_v 2000_o inch_n and_o so_o many_o effective_o aught_o to_o be_v allow_v and_o it_o have_v be_v give_v in_o so_o to_o be_v by_o the_o signor_n of_o bracciano_n to_o the_o apostolic-chamber_n and_o there_o be_v a_o measure_n thereof_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_v which_o measure_n prove_v afterward_o much_o less_o and_o short_a consider_v and_o take_v in_o rome_n and_o thence_o follow_v discontent_n and_o great_a disorder_n and_o all_o because_o this_o property_n of_o running-water_n of_o increase_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v and_o of_o diminish_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n augment_v be_v not_o look_v into_o appendix_n iii_o a_o like_a error_n in_o my_o judgement_n have_v be_v commit_v by_o all_o those_o learned_a man_n which_o to_o prevent_v the_o diversion_n of_o the_o reno_n of_o bologna_n into_o po_n by_o the_o channel_n through_o which_o it_o at_o present_a run_v judge_v that_o the_o reno_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n about_o 2000_o foot_n and_o the_o po_n be_v near_o 1000_o foot_n broad_a they_o judge_v i_o say_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n it_o will_v have_v raise_v the_o water_n of_o po_n two_o foot_n from_o which_o rise_n they_o conclude_v afterward_o most_o exorbitant_a disorder_n either_o of_o extraordinary_a inundation_n or_o else_o of_o immense_a and_o intolerable_a expense_n to_o the_o people_n in_o raise_v the_o bank_n of_o po_n and_o reno_n and_o with_o such_o like_a weakness_n often_o vain_o disturb_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o person_n concern_v but_o now_o from_o the_o thing_n demonstrare_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o reno_n will_v be_v different_a from_o the_o measure_n of_o reno_n in_o po_n in_o case_n that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o po_n shall_v differ_v from_o the_o velocity_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n as_o be_v more_o exact_o determine_v in_o the_o four_o proposition_n appendix_n iu._n no_o less_o likewise_o be_v those_o ingeneer_n and_o artist_n deceive_v that_o have_v affirm_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n there_o will_v be_v
no_o rise_n at_o all_o in_o the_o water_n of_o po_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o let_v reno_n into_o po_n there_o will_v always_o be_v a_o rise_n but_o sometime_o great_a sometime_o less_o as_o the_o po_n shall_v have_v a_o swift_a or_o slow_a current_n so_o that_o if_o the_o po_n shall_v be_v constitute_v in_o a_o great_a velocity_n the_o rise_n will_v be_v very_o small_a and_o if_o the_o say_v po_n shall_v be_v slow_a in_o its_o course_n than_o the_o rise_n will_v be_v notable_a appendix_n v._n and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v beside_o the_o purpose_n to_o advertise_v that_o the_o measure_n partment_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n can_v be_v make_v exact_o unless_o there_o be_v consider_v beside_o the_o measure_n the_o velocity_n also_o of_o the_o water_n which_o particular_a not_o be_v thorough_o observe_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o continual_a miscarriage_n in_o such_o like_a affair_n appendix_n vi._n like_a consideration_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v with_o the_o great_a diligence_n for_o that_o a_o error_n therein_o be_v more_o prejudicial_a i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v have_v by_o those_o which_o part_n and_o divide_v water_n for_o the_o water_v of_o field_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o brescia_n bergama_n crema_fw-la pavia_n lodigiano_n cremona_n and_o other_o place_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o regard_v to_o the_o most_o important_a point_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n but_o only_o to_o the_o bare_a vulgar_a measure_n there_o will_v always_o very_o great_a disorder_n and_o prejudices_fw-la ensue_v to_o the_o person_n concern_v appendix_n vii_o it_o seem_v that_o one_o may_v observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o water_n run_v along_o a_o channel_n current_n or_o conduit_n its_o velocity_n be_v retard_v withhold_v and_o impede_v by_o its_o touch_v the_o bank_n or_o side_n of_o the_o say_a channel_n or_o current_n which_o as_o immovable_a not_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n interrupt_v its_o velocity_n from_o which_o particular_a be_v true_a as_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a and_o from_o our_o consideration_n we_o have_v a_o occasion_n of_o discover_v a_o very_a nice_a mistake_n into_o which_o those_o common_o fall_v who_o divide_v the_o water_n of_o fountain_n which_o division_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v by_o what_o i_o have_v see_v here_o in_o rome_n perform_v two_o way_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v with_o the_o measure_n of_o like_a figure_n as_o circle_n or_o square_n have_v cut_v through_o a_o plate_n of_o metal_n several_a circle_n or_o square_n one_o of_o half_a a_o inch_n another_o of_o one_o inch_n another_o of_o two_o of_o three_o of_o four_o etc._n etc._n with_o which_o they_o afterward_o adjust_a the_o cock_n to_o dispense_v the_o water_n the_o other_o manner_n of_o divide_v the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v with_o rectangle_n paralellogram_n of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o of_o different_a base_n in_o such_o sort_n likewise_o that_o one_o paralellogram_n be_v of_o half_a a_o inch_n another_o of_o one_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n in_o which_o manner_n of_o measure_v and_o divide_v the_o water_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o cock_n be_v place_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plain_a equidistant_a from_o the_o level_n or_o superior_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o well_o and_o the_o say_a measure_n be_v most_o exact_o make_v the_o water_n ought_v consequent_o also_o to_o be_v equal_o divide_v and_o part_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o measure_n but_o if_o we_o well_o consider_v every_o particular_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o cock_n as_o they_o successive_o be_v great_a discharge_v always_o more_o water_n than_o the_o just_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a that_o be_v to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o great_a cock_n have_v always_o a_o great_a proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o lesser_a than_o the_o great_a cock_n have_v to_o the_o lesser_a all_o which_o i_o will_v declare_v by_o a_o example_n the_o like_a error_n occur_v also_o in_o the_o other_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o a_o fountain_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o observe_v above_o appendix_n viii_o the_o same_o contemplation_n discover_v the_o error_n of_o those_o architect_n who_o be_v to_o erect_v a_o bridge_n of_o sundry_a arch_n over_o a_o river_n consider_v the_o ordinary_a breadth_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v v_o g._n forty_o fathom_n and_o the_o bridge_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o four_o arch_n it_o suffice_v they_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o all_o the_o four_o arch_n take_v together_o be_v forty_o fathom_n not_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o ordinary_a channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n have_v only_o two_o impediment_n which_o retard_v its_o velocity_n namely_o the_o touch_v and_o glide_v along_o the_o two_o side_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n but_o the_o same_o water_n in_o pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n in_o our_o case_n meet_v with_o eight_o of_o the_o same_o impediment_n bear_v and_o thrust_v upon_o two_o side_n of_o each_o arch_n to_o omit_v the_o impediment_n of_o the_o bottom_n for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o river_n and_o under_o the_o bridge_n from_o which_o inadvertency_n sometime_o follow_v very_o great_a disorder_n as_o quotidian_a practice_n show_v we_o appendix_n ix_o it_o be_v also_o worthy_a to_o consider_v the_o great_a and_o admirable_a benefit_n that_o those_o field_n receive_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o drink_v up_o the_o rain-water_n with_o difficulty_n through_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o principal_a ditch_n in_o which_o case_n the_o careful_a husbandman_n cut_v away_o the_o reed_n and_o rush_n in_o the_o ditch_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v whereupon_o may_v be_v present_o see_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o reed_n and_o rush_n be_v cut_v a_o notable_a ebb_n in_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v abate_v after_o the_o say_v cut_v a_o three_o and_o more_o of_o what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o cut_n the_o which_o effect_v seem_o might_n depend_v on_o this_o that_o before_o those_o weed_n take_v up_o room_n in_o the_o ditch_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n the_o water_n keep_v a_o high_a level_n and_o the_o say_a plant_n be_v afterward_o cut_v and_o remove_v the_o water_n come_v to_o abate_v possess_v the_o place_n that_o before_o be_v occupy_v by_o the_o weed_n which_o opinion_n though_o probable_a and_o at_o first_o sight_n satisfactory_a be_v nevertheless_o insufficient_a to_o give_v the_o total_a reason_n of_o that_o notable_a abatement_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v recourse_n to_o our_o consideration_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n the_o chief_a and_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o running-waterâ—_a for_o that_o multitude_n of_o reed_n weed_n and_o plant_v disperse_v through_o the_o current_n of_o the_o ditch_n do_v chance_n notable_o to_o retard_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o those_o impediment_n remove_v the_o same_o water_n gain_v velocity_n and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o consequent_o in_o height_n and_o perhaps_o this_o point_n well_o understand_v may_v be_v of_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o field_n adjacent_a to_o the_o pontine_n fen_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o the_o river_n ninfa_n and_o the_o other_o principal_a brook_n of_o those_o territory_n be_v keep_v well_o cleanse_v from_o weed_n their_o water_n will_v be_v at_o a_o low_a level_n and_o consequent_o the_o drain_v of_o the_o field_n will_v run_v into_o they_o more_o ready_o it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v hold_v for_o undoubted_a that_o the_o measure_n 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haply_o drain_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o proprietor_n border_v on_o the_o lake_n oppose_v this_o grievous_o complain_v that_o whilst_o the_o floodgate_n be_v shut_v and_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sluice_n hinder_v the_o lake_n overflow_v the_o land_n adjacent_a by_o mean_n of_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o to_o their_o very_a great_a damage_n and_o so_o continue_v their_o suit_n they_o get_v more_o of_o vexation_n than_o satisfaction_n now_o be_v ask_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o judge_v it_o requisite_a since_o the_o point_n in_o controversy_n be_v about_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o lake_n that_o the_o say_a abatement_n when_o the_o floodgate_n be_v open_a and_o increase_v when_o they_o be_v shut_v shall_v be_v exact_o measure_v and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v at_o a_o time_n when_o no_o extraordinary_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n neither_o of_o rain_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o lake_n be_v 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may_v be_v that_o that_o bank_n of_o earth_n which_o environ_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v dry_a and_o imbibe_v great_a abundance_n of_o water_n from_o the_o increase_a lake_n will_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o increase_v in_o height_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o if_o we_o will_v right_o consider_v this_o doubt_n here_o propose_v we_o shall_v in_o the_o very_a consideration_n of_o it_o see_v it_o resolve_v for_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o that_o list_v or_o border_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v to_o be_v occupy_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v a_o brace_n in_o breadth_n quite_o round_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o dryness_n it_o suck_v in_o water_n and_o that_o by_o that_o mean_v this_o proportion_n of_o water_n co-operate_v not_o in_o raise_v of_o the_o lake_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v thirty_o mile_n as_o it_o be_v common_o 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and_o forty_o night_n namely_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 960_o hour_n its_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o say_a rain_n have_v be_v ten_o time_n big_a than_o we_o at_o perugia_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n will_v reach_v and_o pass_v a_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o also_o will_v concur_v to_o increase_v the_o rise_n and_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v a_o rational_a congruity_n with_o natural_a discourse_n of_o which_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o eternal_a truth_n of_o the_o divine_a leaf_n have_v no_o need_n but_o however_o i_o think_v so_o clear_a a_o agreement_n be_v worthy_a of_o our_o consideration_n which_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o adore_v and_o admire_v the_o greatness_n of_o god_n in_o his_o mighty_a work_n in_o that_o we_o be_v sometime_o able_a in_o some_o 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a_o fountain_n discharge_v in_o a_o hour_n a_o water_n of_o a_o thousand_o or_o two_o thousand_o pace_n long_o so_o that_o albeit_o the_o total_a length_n of_o run_v water_n be_v incomprehensible_a as_o be_v infinite_a yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v render_v intelligible_a by_o part_n in_o its_o velocity_n and_o so_o much_o suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v about_o this_o matter_n hope_v to_o impart_v on_o some_o other_o occasion_n other_o more_o accurate_a observation_n in_o this_o affair_n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la geometrical_a demonstration_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o cassina_n and_o mathematician_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o dedicate_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a prince_n don_n thaddeo_n barberini_n prince_z of_o palestrina_n and_o
which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v annotation_n the_o same_o may_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o second_o proposition_n above_o demonstrate_v as_o be_v manifest_a proposition_n vi._n if_o two_o equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n the_o height_n make_v in_o the_o river_n by_o the_o torrent_n shall_v have_v between_o themselves_o the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n of_o the_o velocity_n acquire_v in_o the_o river_n let_v a_o and_o b_o be_v be_v equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n which_o fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o fg_v that_o be_v the_o stream_n a_o make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o the_o stream_n b_o make_v the_o height_n fg_v that_o be_v let_v their_o section_n in_o the_o river_n into_o which_o they_o be_v fall_v be_v ce_fw-fr and_o fh_n i_o say_v that_o the_o height_n cd_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o height_n fg_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n 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the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n supposition_n ii_o let_v we_o suppose_v also_o that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o river_n that_o be_v in_o their_o bed_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o of_o the_o same_o inclination_n but_o of_o quick_a height_n unequal_a they_o ought_v to_o move_v with_o like_a velocity_n according_a to_o the_o sense_n explain_v in_o the_o second_o definition_n supposition_n iii_o because_o it_o will_v often_o be_v requisite_a to_o measure_v the_o time_n exact_o in_o the_o follow_a problem_n we_o take_v that_o to_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n to_o measure_v the_o time_n which_o be_v show_v i_o many_o year_n since_o by_o signore_v galileo_n galilaei_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v a_o string_n be_v to_o be_v take_v three_o roman_a foot_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n and_o hold_v it_o by_o the_o other_o end_n the_o plummet_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o its_o perpendicularity_n a_o 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thing_n be_v pre-supposed_n we_o will_v lay_v down_o some_o familiar_a problem_n from_o which_o we_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o notion_n and_o question_n more_o subtle_a and_o curious_a which_o will_v also_o prove_v profitable_a and_o not_o to_o be_v slight_v in_o this_o business_n of_o water_n proposition_n i._o problem_n 1._o a_o channel_n of_o running-water_n be_v give_v the_o breadth_n of_o which_o pass_v through_o a_o regulator_n be_v three_o palm_n and_o the_o height_n one_o palm_n little_o more_o or_o less_o to_o measure_v what_o water_n pass_v through_o the_o regulator_n in_o a_o time_n give_v first_o we_o be_v to_o dam_v up_o the_o channel_n so_o that_o there_o pass_v not_o any_o water_n below_o the_o dam_n then_o we_o must_v place_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o channel_n in_o the_o part_n above_o the_o regulator_n three_o or_o four_o or_o five_o bent-pipe_n or_o syphon_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v along_o the_o channel_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o they_o may_v drink_v up_o or_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o channel_n all_o the_o water_n that_o the_o channel_n bear_v and_o then_o shall_v we_o know_v that_o the_o syphon_n drink_v up_o all_o the_o water_n when_o we_o see_v that_o the_o water_n at_o the_o dam_n do_v neither_o rise_n high_o nor_o abate_v but_o always_o keep_v in_o the_o same_o level_n these_o thing_n be_v prepare_v take_v the_o instrument_n to_o measure_v the_o time_n we_o will_v examine_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v by_o one_o of_o those_o syphon_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o vibration_n and_o the_o like_a will_v we_o do_v one_o by_o one_o with_o the_o other_o syphon_n and_o then_o collect_v the_o whole_a sum_n we_o will_v say_v that_o so_o much_o be_v the_o water_n that_o pass_v and_o run_v through_o the_o regulator_n or_o channel_n the_o dam_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o calculate_v we_o may_v easy_o reduce_v it_o to_o hour_n day_n month_n and_o year_n and_o it_o have_v fall_v to_o my_o turn_n to_o measure_v this_o way_n the_o water_n of_o mill_n and_o fountain_n and_o i_o have_v be_v well_o assure_v of_o its_o exactness_n by_o often_o repeat_v the_o same_o work_n consideration_n and_o this_o method_n must_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o measure_v the_o water_n that_o we_o be_v to_o bring_v into_o conduct_n and_o carry_v into_o city_n and_o castle_n for_o fountain_n and_o that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o to_o divide_v and_o share_v they_o to_o particular_a person_n just_o which_o will_v prevent_v infinite_a suit_n and_o controversy_n that_o every_o day_n happen_v in_o these_o matter_n proposition_n ii_o theorem_fw-la i._o if_o a_o river_n move_v with_o such_o a_o certain_a velocity_n through_o its_o regulator_n shall_v have_v a_o give_v quick_a height_n and_o afterward_o by_o new_a water_n shall_v increase_v to_o be_v double_a it_o shall_v also_o increase_v double_a in_o velocity_n let_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o a_o river_n in_o the_o regulator_n abcd_n be_v the_o perpendicular_a fb_n and_o afterward_o by_o new_a water_n that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o river_n let_v the_o water_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o g_o so_o that_o gb_n may_v be_v double_a to_o ebb_v i_o say_v that_o all_o the_o water_n gc_n shall_v be_v double_a in_o velocity_n to_o that_o of_o aec_fw-la for_o the_o water_n gf_n have_v for_o its_o bed_n the_o bottom_n of_o equal_o incline_v as_o the_o bed_n bc_n and_o its_o quick_a height_n ge_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o quick_a height_n aec_fw-la and_o have_v the_o same_o breadth_n bc_n it_o shall_v have_v of_o itself_o a_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o first_o water_n fc_n but_o because_o beside_o its_o own_o motion_n which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n aec_fw-la it_o have_v also_o over_o and_o above_o its_o own_o motion_n the_o motion_n of_o aec_fw-la and_o because_o the_o two_o water_n gc_a and_o aec_fw-la be_v alike_o in_o velocity_n by_o the_o three_o supposition_n therefore_o the_o whole_a water_n gc_n shall_v be_v double_a in_o velocity_n to_o the_o water_n aec_fw-la which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v this_o demonstration_n be_v not_o here_o insert_v as_o perfect_a the_o author_n have_v by_o several_a letter_n to_o his_o friend_n confess_v himself_o unsatisfied_a therewith_o and_o that_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o publish_v the_o theorem_fw-la without_o a_o more_o solid_a demonstration_n which_o he_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o light_v upon_o but_o be_v overtake_v by_o death_n he_o can_v not_o give_v the_o finish_v touch_n either_o to_o this_o or_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o second_o book_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o publisher_n of_o the_o same_o rather_o to_o omit_v it_o than_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o author_n and_o this_o he_o hint_n by_o way_n of_o advertisement_n to_o those_o that_o have_v manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o book_n with_o the_o say_a demonstration_n for_o this_o time_n let_v the_o reader_n content_v himself_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o so_o ingenious_a and_o profitable_a a_o conclusion_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o he_o may_v with_o small_a expense_n and_o much_o pleasure_n be_v assure_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o that_o which_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o second_o corollary_n of_o the_o four_o theorem_fw-la of_o this_o with_o its_o table_n and_o the_o use_n thereof_o annex_v corollary_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n it_o also_o increase_v in_o velocity_n so_o that_o the_o velocity_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n that_o the_o quick_a height_n have_v to_o the_o quick_a height_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n propos_fw-fr iii_o problem_n ii_o a_o channel_n of_o water_n be_v give_v who_o breadth_n exceed_v not_o twenty_o palm_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o who_o quick_a height_n be_v less_o than_o five_o palm_n to_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o channel_n in_o a_o time_n give_v place_v in_o the_o channel_n a_o regulator_n and_o observe_v the_o quick_a height_n in_o the_o say_a regulator_n then_o let_v the_o water_n be_v turn_v away_o from_o the_o channel_n by_o a_o chanellet_n of_o three_o or_o four_o palm_n in_o breadth_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o that_o be_v do_v measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o say_a chanellet_n as_o have_v be_v teach_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v exact_o how_o much_o the_o quick_a height_n shall_v be_v abate_v in_o the_o great_a channel_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o chanellet_n and_o all_o these_o particular_n be_v perform_v multiply_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n into_o itself_o and_o likewise_o multiply_v into_o itself_o the_o lesser_a height_n of_o the_o say_v big_a channel_n and_o the_o lesser_a square_a be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a the_o remainder_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a great_a square_n as_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n divert_v have_v to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o big_a channel_n and_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n be_v know_v by_o the_o method_n say_v down_o in_o the_o first_o theorem_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la be_v also_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o big_a channel_n shall_v be_v also_o know_v by_o the_o golden_a rule_n which_o be_v that_o that_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v know_v we_o will_v explain_v the_o whole_a business_n by_o a_o example_n let_v a_o channel_n be_v for_o example_n 15_o palm_n broad_a its_o quick_a height_n before_o its_o diversion_n by_o the_o chanellet_n shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v 24_o inch_n but_o after_o the_o diversion_n let_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v only_o 22_o inch_n therefore_o the_o great_a height_n to_o the_o lesser_a be_v as_o the_o number_n 11._o to_o 12._o but_o the_o square_n of_o 11._o be_v 121_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 12._o be_v 144_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o say_v lesser_a square_a and_o the_o great_a be_v 23._o therefore_o the_o divert_a water_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a water_n as_o 23._o to_o 144_o which_o be_v well_o near_o as_o 1_o to_o 6â—_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o chanellet_n shall_v have_v to_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n now_o if_o we_o shall_v find_v by_o
the_o rule_n mention_v above_o in_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o chanellet_n be_v v_o g._n a_o hundred_o barrel_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 15_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n in_o the_o say_a time_n of_o 35_o min._n sec._n shall_v be_v about_o 600_o barrel_n the_o same_o operation_n perform_v another_o way_n and_o because_o very_o often_o in_o apply_v the_o theory_n to_o practise_v it_o happen_v that_o all_o the_o necessary_a particular_n in_o the_o theory_n can_v so_o easy_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n therefore_o we_o will_v here_o add_v another_o way_n of_o perform_v the_o same_o problem_n if_o it_o shall_v chance_v to_o happen_v that_o the_o chanellet_n can_v not_o commodious_o be_v divert_v from_o the_o great_a channel_n but_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o water_n of_o another_o small_a channel_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o great_a channel_n which_o water_n of_o the_o small_a channel_n may_v be_v easy_o measure_v as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o first_o problem_n or_o in_o case_n that_o there_o do_v fall_v into_o a_o great_a channel_n a_o lesser_a channel_n that_o may_v be_v divert_v and_o measure_v therefore_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o we_o will_v measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n through_o the_o great_a channel_n into_o which_o another_o lesser_a channel_n that_o be_v measurable_a may_v be_v bring_v we_o must_v first_o exact_o measure_v the_o chanellet_n and_o then_o observe_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n before_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o lesser_a and_o have_v bring_v in_o the_o say_a chanellet_n we_o must_v agnin_n find_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n have_v to_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n for_o these_o term_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v know_v as_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n we_o shall_v also_o come_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n it_o be_v likewise_o manifest_a that_o we_o shall_v obtain_v our_o intent_n if_o the_o case_n be_v that_o there_o enter_v into_o the_o great_a channel_n another_o lesser_a channel_n that_o be_v measurable_a and_o that_o may_v be_v divert_v consideration_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o overflow_v the_o field_n as_o be_v use_v in_o the_o brescian_a cremonese_n bergamase_v lodigian_a milanese_n territory_n and_o many_o other_o place_n where_o very_o great_a suit_n and_o difference_n arise_v which_o not_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v with_o intelligible_a reason_n come_v oftentimes_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o instead_o of_o flow_v their_o ground_n with_o water_n they_o cruel_o flow_v they_o with_o the_o shed_n of_o humane_a blood_n impious_o invert_v the_o course_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n sow_v such_o disorder_n and_o feud_n as_o that_o they_o be_v sometime_o accompany_v with_o the_o ruin_n of_o whole_a city_n or_o else_o unprofitable_o charge_v they_o with_o vain_a and_o sometime_o prejudicial_a expense_n propos_fw-fr iv._o theor._n ii_o if_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o the_o river_n discharge_v after_o the_o increase_n have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quick_a height_n to_o the_o quick_a height_n and_o of_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n let_v there_o be_v a_o river_n which_o whilst_o it_o be_v low_a run_v through_o the_o regulator_n df_n with_o the_o quick_a height_n ab_fw-la and_o afterward_o let_v a_o flood_n come_v and_o then_o let_v it_o run_v with_o the_o height_n db_n i_o say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v discharge_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o discharge_v through_o of_o have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o of_o and_o of_o the_o height_n db_n to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la as_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o of_o so_o let_v the_o line_n r_o be_v to_o the_o line_n s_o and_o as_o the_o height_n db_n be_v to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la so_o let_v the_o line_n s_o be_v to_o the_o line_n t._n and_o let_v a_o section_n be_v suppose_v lmn_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n df_n in_o height_n and_o length_n but_o let_v it_o be_v in_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n af._n therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o run_v through_o ln_o shall_v be_v as_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n of_o ln_o that_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ln_o that_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o af._n therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o run_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o ln_o shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n that_o r_o have_v to_o saint_n but_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o ln_o to_o that_o which_o run_v through_o of_o the_o section_n be_v equal_o swift_a shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o section_n ln_o have_v to_o the_o section_n of_o that_o be_v that_o the_o height_n bd_o have_v to_o the_o height_n basilius_n that_o be_v that_o saint_n have_v to_o t._n therefore_o by_o equal_a proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v by_o df_n to_o that_o which_o run_v by_o of_o shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n of_o r_o to_o t_n that_o be_v shall_v be_v compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n db_n to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o af._n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v after_o the_o increase_n to_o that_o which_o run_v before_o the_o increase_n have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n i._n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v whilst_o the_o river_n be_v high_a to_o that_o which_o run_v whilst_o it_o be_v low_a have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n and_o of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n and_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n be_v as_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v whilst_o the_o river_n be_v high_a to_o that_o which_o run_v whilst_o it_o be_v low_a have_v duplicate_v proportion_n of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n that_o be_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o square_n of_o the_o height_n have_v corollary_n ii_o upon_o which_o thing_n depend_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o which_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o second_o consideration_n that_o if_o by_o the_o diversion_n of59._o of_o the_o water_n that_o enter_v by_o the_o river_n into_o the_o moor_n or_o fen_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v such_o a_o measure_n that_o same_o shall_v be_v only_o one_o three_o of_o its_o whole_a height_n but_o moreover_o divert_v the_o 49_o it_o shall_v abate_v two_o other_o three_o a_o most_o principal_a point_n and_o such_o that_o it_o be_v not_o have_v be_v well_o understand_v have_v cause_v very_o great_a disorder_n and_o there_o will_v now_o more_o than_o ever_o follow_v extreme_a damage_n if_o one_o shall_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o diversion_n of_o the_o sile_z and_o other_o river_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n wherewith_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v quadruple_a the_o height_n will_v increase_v only_o double_a and_o the_o quantity_n increase_v nonuple_n the_o height_n increase_v triple_a so_o that_o by_o add_v to_o unit_v all_o the_o odd_a number_n according_a to_o their_o series_n the_o height_n increase_v according_a to_o the_o natural_a progression_n of_o all_o the_o number_n from_o unit_n as_o for_o example_n there_o pass_v through_o a_o regulator_n such_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o one_o time_n add_v three_o of_o those_o measure_n the_o quick_a height_n be_v two_o of_o those_o part_n which_o at_o first_o be_v one_o and_o continue_v to_o add_v five_o of_o those_o say_a measure_n the_o height_n be_v three_o of_o those_o part_n which_o at_o first_o be_v one_o and_o thus_o add_v seven_o and_o then_o nine_o and_o then_o 11._o and_o then_o 13_o etc._n etc._n the_o height_n shall_v be_v 4._o then_o 5_o than_o 6._o then_o 7_o
etc._n etc._n and_o for_o the_o great_a facility_n of_o the_o work_n we_o have_v describe_v the_o follow_a table_n of_o which_o we_o will_v declare_v the_o use_n the_o table_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o series_n or_o progression_n of_o number_n the_o first_o series_n contain_v all_o the_o number_n in_o the_o natural_a progression_n begin_v at_o a_o unit_fw-la and_o be_v call_v the_o series_n of_o the_o height_n the_o second_o contain_v all_o the_o odd_a number_n begin_v at_o a_o unit_fw-la and_o be_v call_v the_o series_n of_o the_o addition_n the_o three_o contain_v all_o the_o square_a number_n begin_v at_o a_o unit_fw-la and_o be_v call_v the_o series_n of_o quantity_n height_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o addition_n 1_o 3_o 5_o 7_o 9_o 11_o 13_o 15_o 17_o 19_o 21_o quantity_n 1_o 4_o 9_o 16_o 25_o 36_o 49_o 64_o 81_o 100_o 121_o the_o use_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a table_n first_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o whole_a quick_a height_n of_o a_o river_n of_o run_v water_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o any_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n at_o pleasure_n and_o will_v abate_v the_o same_o one_o five_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o division_n let_v there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n in_o the_o series_n of_o height_n the_o number_n 5._o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o the_o part_n which_o the_o river_n be_v to_o abate_v and_o take_v the_o number_n that_o be_v immediate_o under_o it_o in_o the_o row_n of_o addition_n which_o be_v 9_o which_o let_v be_v substract_v from_o the_o number_n 25._o place_v underneath_o the_o same_o in_o the_o row_n of_o quantity_n the_o remainder_n 16._o signify_v that_o of_o the_o 25._o part_n of_o water_n that_o run_v in_o the_o river_n whilst_o it_o be_v 5_o measure_n high_a there_o do_v only_o run_v 16._o part_n so_o that_o to_o make_v it_o abate_v â…•_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v 925_o from_o the_o water_n that_o the_o whole_a river_n do_v carry_v so_o that_o with_o substract_v somewhat_o more_o than_o one_o three_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n it_o be_v abate_v but_o only_o one_o five_o 2._o and_o thus_o in_o the_o second_o place_n if_o on_o the_o contrary_a one_o will_v know_v how_o much_o water_n be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o say_a river_n to_o make_v it_o increase_v one_o five_o more_o in_a height_n so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v run_v in_o the_o regulator_n 6._o of_o those_o part_n high_a of_o which_o it_o run_v before_o but_o 5._o let_v 6_o be_v find_v in_o the_o row_n of_o height_n and_o let_v the_o number_n 11._o stand_v under_o the_o same_o be_v take_v and_o add_v to_o the_o number_n 25._o that_o be_v place_v under_o the_o number_n 9_o in_o the_o addition_n and_o 5._o in_o the_o height_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v 36_o which_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v with_o the_o height_n of_o the_o river_n when_o it_o be_v high_a 6_o of_o those_o part_n whereof_o it_o be_v before_o but_o 5._o 3._o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v desire_v to_o know_v how_o much_o water_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v to_o make_v the_o river_n rise_v so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v run_v in_o height_n 8._o of_o those_o part_n of_o which_o before_o it_o run_v but_o 5_o one_o oughts_z to_o take_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o series_n of_o addition_n stand_v under_o 8._o 7._o and_o 6_o which_o be_v 15._o 13._o and_o 11._o that_o be_v 39_o and_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o sum_n that_o must_v be_v add_v to_o 25_o so_o that_o to_o make_v the_o river_n to_o run_v 8._o of_o those_o part_n in_o height_n of_o which_o it_o before_o do_v run_v 5_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o add_v 39_o of_o those_o part_n of_o which_o the_o river_n before_o be_v 25._o 4._o likewise_o the_o same_o table_n give_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o run_v from_o time_n to_o time_n through_o a_o river_n that_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n to_o the_o same_o in_o one_o of_o its_o height_n the_o quantity_n of_o its_o water_n be_v know_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o know_v that_o the_o river_n in_o one_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n discharge_v 2500._o of_o those_o measure_n of_o water_n and_o run_v in_o height_n 5._o part_n in_o the_o regulator_n and_o afterward_o shall_v see_v that_o it_o run_v 8_o palm_n high_a find_v in_o the_o row_n of_o quantity_n the_o number_n place_v under_o 8._o which_o be_v 64._o we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o river_n heighten_v carry_v of_o water_n 64._o of_o those_o part_n whereof_o it_o carry_v before_o but_o 25_o and_o because_o before_o it_o carry_v 2500._o measure_n by_o the_o golden_a rule_n we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o river_n carry_v 6400._o of_o those_o measure_n of_o which_o before_o it_o carry_v 2500._o in_o this_o progress_n of_o nature_n be_v one_o thing_n real_o curious_a and_o that_o at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o paradoxal_a that_o we_o proceed_v ordinate_o in_o the_o diversion_n and_o addition_n with_o addition_n and_o diversion_n so_o unequal_a the_o abating_n do_v notwithstanding_o 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set_v down_o the_o whole_a business_n in_o writing_n who_o have_v afterward_o read_v it_o private_o the_o say_v signore_v impart_v the_o same_o with_o like_a privacy_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n and_o i_o receive_v order_n to_o represent_v the_o same_o to_o the_o full_a college_n as_o according_o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n the_o same_o year_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloysio_n mathematician_n to_o pope_n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o rome_n consideration_n i._n though_o the_o principal_a cause_n be_v but_o one_o only_a that_o in_o my_o judgement_n threaten_v irreparable_a ruin_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o present_a state_n in_o which_o it_o now_o stand_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o think_v that_o two_o head_n may_v be_v consider_v and_o this_o consideration_n may_v peradventure_o serve_v we_o for_o to_o facilitate_v and_o 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especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hot_a summer_n do_v raise_v thence_o the_o putrify_a and_o pernicious_a vapour_n fog_n and_o exhalation_n that_o infect_v the_o air_n and_o may_v render_v the_o city_n unhabitable_a the_o second_o head_n be_v the_o great_a stoppage_n that_o daily_o be_v grow_v in_o the_o port_n especial_o of_o venice_n at_o malamoco_n concern_v which_o matter_n i_o will_v hint_n certain_a general_a point_n and_o then_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o more_o particular_a and_o important_a affair_n and_o first_o i_o say_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o profitable_a which_o do_v not_o bring_v with_o it_o some_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_a and_o the_o hurt_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o weigh_v and_o then_o the_o less_o harmful_a part_n to_o be_v embrace_v second_o i_o propose_v to_o consideration_n that_o the_o so_o notable_a discovery_n of_o earth_n &_o mud_n have_v not_o be_v long_o 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a_o halfmoon_n or_o a_o great_a shelf_n of_o settle_a sand_n under_o water_n much_o high_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o it_o be_v call_v in_o tuscany_n il_fw-fr cavallo_n and_o here_o in_o venice_n lo_o scanto_n the_o which_o come_v to_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o river_n one_o while_o on_o the_o right_a side_n another_o while_n on_o the_o left_a and_o sometime_o in_o the_o midst_n according_a as_o the_o wind_n sit_v and_o a_o like_a effect_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o certain_a little_a rillet_n of_o water_n along_o the_o lake_n of_o bolsena_n with_o no_o other_o difference_n save_v that_o of_o small_a and_o great_a now_o who_o so_o well_o consider_v this_o effect_n plain_o see_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o than_o from_o the_o contrariety_n of_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o sea-wave_n see_v that_o great_a abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o the_o sea_n continual_o throw_v upon_o the_o shore_n come_v to_o 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up_o and_o hereupon_o there_o be_v see_v along_o the_o seaside_n very_o many_o lake_n and_o meers_n which_o at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n abound_v with_o water_n and_o the_o lake_n bear_v down_o that_o enclosure_n and_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n now_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o like_a reflection_n on_o our_o port_n of_o venice_n malamocco_n bondolo_n and_o chiozza_n which_o in_o a_o certain_a sense_n be_v no_o other_o than_o creek_n mouth_n and_o open_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o part_v the_o lake_n from_o the_o main_a sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o hold_v that_o if_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n be_v plentiful_a they_o will_v have_v strength_n to_o scour_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n thorough_o &_o with_o great_a force_n but_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n fail_v the_o sea_n will_v without_o any_o opposal_n
of_o a_o very_a easy_a and_o cheap_a way_n to_o clear_v up_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o moreover_o i_o will_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o affirm_v that_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v not_o for_o the_o present_a any_o deliberation_n be_v make_v concern_v this_o affair_n according_a to_o my_o opinion_n yet_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v be_v at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thing_n will_v grow_v worse_o and_o worse_o for_o more_o clear_a understanding_n therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v know_v that_o it_o be_v require_v as_o it_o be_v general_o use_v to_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o a_o river_n its_o breadth_n and_o its_o depth_n be_v take_v and_o these_o two_o dimension_n be_v multiply_v together_o the_o product_n be_v affirm_v to_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o that_o river_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o river_n shall_v be_v 100_o foot_n broad_a and_o 20._o foot_n high_a it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o that_o river_n be_v 2000_o foot_n of_o water_n and_o so_o 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last_o from_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o three_o the_o water_n ought_v to_o fall_v so_o much_o more_o which_o be_v whole_o impossible_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o beside_o the_o demonstration_n that_o persuade_v i_o to_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v explain_v in_o due_a time_n i_o can_v set_v before_o your_o eye_n such_o a_o experiment_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o one_o although_o obstinate_a and_o i_o will_v make_v it_o plain_o see_v and_o feel_v that_o by_o take_v away_o only_o four_o part_n of_o the_o five_o which_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o the_o abatement_n prove_v double_a to_o the_o abatement_n ensue_v upon_o the_o divert_v first_o of_o the_o five_o only_o which_o thing_n be_v true_a as_o most_o certain_o it_o be_v it_o will_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v how_o pernicious_a this_o diversion_n of_o five_o river_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o this_o little_a that_o i_o have_v hint_v and_o the_o much_o that_o i_o can_v say_v let_v your_o highness_n gather_v with_o what_o circumspection_n this_o business_n ought_v to_o be_v manage_v and_o with_o how_o great_a skill_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v furnish_v who_o will_v behave_v himself_o well_o in_o these_o difficult_a affair_n i_o have_v not_o at_o this_o time_n explain_v the_o demonstration_n nor_o have_v i_o so_o much_o as_o propound_v the_o way_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n that_o i_o be_o able_a to_o make_v in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o so_o by_o some_o one_o or_o other_o mis-apprehending_a the_o demonstration_n and_o maim_v the_o experiment_n the_o truth_n may_v not_o happen_v to_o shine_v with_o less_o clarity_n than_o it_o do_v when_o all_o mist_n of_o difficulty_n be_v remove_v and_o if_o so_o be_v no_o account_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o the_o reason_n by_o i_o allege_v and_o that_o man_n shall_v shut_v their_o eye_n against_o the_o experiment_n that_o without_o cost_n or_o charge_n may_v be_v make_v i_o do_v declare_v and_o protest_v that_o there_o shall_v follow_v very_o great_a damage_n to_o the_o field_n of_o the_o main_a land_n and_o extraordinary_a sum_n shall_v be_v expend_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o lake_n undoubted_o will_v become_v almost_o dry_a and_o will_v prove_v impassable_a for_o navigation_n with_o a_o manifest_a danger_n of_o corrupt_v the_o air_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n there_o will_v unavoidable_o ensue_v the_o choke_n and_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n of_o venice_n upon_o the_o 20_o of_o december_n 1641._o i_o impart_v this_o my_o second_o consideration_n to_o the_o most_o excellent_a signore_v basadonna_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n thereof_o among_o other_o write_n which_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v although_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o belong_v direct_o to_o our_o business_n of_o the_o lake_n the_o way_n to_o examine_v the_o mud_n and_o sand_n that_o enter_v and_o remain_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n to_o the_o most_o excellent_a signore_n gio._n basadonna_n two_o very_o considerable_a objection_n have_v be_v make_v against_o my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n one_o be_v that_o of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o my_o first_o consideration_n namely_o that_o the_o brent_n have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n can_v have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o notable_a fall_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n as_o i_o pretend_v and_o consequent_o that_o the_o turn_a brent_n into_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v no_o considerable_a remedy_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n and_o the_o great_a expansion_n of_o the_o lake_n over_o which_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n be_v to_o diffuse_v and_o spread_v be_v consider_v it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o rise_n prove_v insensible_a the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o
the_o river_n call_v fiume_n morto_fw-la whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o serchio_n i_o say_v that_o i_o chance_v 18._o year_n since_o to_o be_v present_a when_o the_o say_a mouth_n be_v open_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o serchio_n stop_v which_o work_n be_v do_v to_o remedy_v the_o great_a innundation_n that_o be_v make_v in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o plain_a of_o pisa_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o s._n giuliano_n and_o the_o river_n serchio_n which_o plain_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n those_o field_n be_v overflow_v and_o when_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v effectual_o open_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o place_n be_v present_o free_v from_o the_o water_n and_o drain_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o those_o ground_n and_o here_o i_o 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strange_a and_o unlikely_a to_o many_o other_o the_o point_n be_v that_o i_o say_v that_o by_o raise_v the_o level_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la one_o half_a brace_n only_o at_o its_o mouth_n it_o will_v penipenitrate_v into_o serchio_n far_a than_o it_o will_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o shall_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v three_o or_o perhaps_o more_o brace_n upon_o the_o field_n towards_o pisa_n and_o still_o more_o by_o degree_n as_o they_o shall_v recede_v far_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o thus_o there_o will_v follow_v very_o great_a inundation_n and_o considerable_a mischief_n and_o to_o know_v that_o this_o be_v true_a you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o accident_n which_o i_o give_v warning_n of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n where_o also_o i_o give_v the_o reason_n thereof_o 1._o coral_n 14._o the_o accident_n be_v this_o that_o there_o come_v a_o land-flood_n for_o example_n into_o arno_n which_o make_v it_o to_o rise_v above_o its_o 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the_o seaside_n by_o fall_v into_o serchio_n for_o although_o the_o rise_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la by_o be_v to_o disgorge_v its_o water_n into_o serchio_n towards_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o brace_n we_o may_v very_o well_o be_v sure_a that_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n about_o pisa_n and_o upon_o those_o field_n the_o rise_n shall_v be_v much_o great_a and_o shall_v become_v two_o or_o three_o brace_n and_o because_o the_o country_n lie_v low_a that_o same_o â—ise_v will_v cause_v a_o continual_a innundation_n of_o the_o plain_n like_a as_o it_o do_v before_o i_o cause_v the_o mouth_n to_o be_v open_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la aught_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v open_v into_o serchio_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v continue_v into_o the_o sea_n use_v all_o diligence_n to_o keep_v it_o open_v after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a so_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o wind_n shall_v be_v lay_v and_o if_o they_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o i_o confident_o affirm_v that_o there_o will_v daily_o follow_v great_a damage_n not_o only_o in_o the_o plain_n but_o also_o in_o the_o wholesomeness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o have_v be_v see_v in_o time_n past_a and_o again_o it_o ought_v with_o all_o care_n to_o be_v procure_v that_o no_o water_n do_v by_o any_o mean_v run_v or_o fall_v from_o the_o trench_n of_o libra_n into_o the_o plain_a of_o pisa_n for_o these_o water_n be_v to_o discharge_v into_o fiume_n morto_fw-la they_o maintain_v it_o much_o high_a than_o be_v imagine_v according_a to_o that_o which_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o my_o consideration_n upon_o the_o state_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n i_o have_v say_v but_o little_a but_o i_o speak_v to_o you_o who_o understand_v much_o and_o i_o submit_v all_o to_o the_o most_o refine_a judgement_n of_o our_o most_o serene_a prince_n leopold_n who_o hand_n i_o beseech_v you_o in_o all_o humility_n to_o kiss_v in_o my_o name_n and_o implore_v the_o continuance_n of_o his_o princely_a favour_n to_o i_o and_o so_o desire_v your_o prayer_n to_o god_n for_o i_o i_o take_v my_o leave_n rome_n 1_o feb._n 1642._o your_o most_o affectionate_a servant_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n the_o answer_n to_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o bartolotti_n touch_v the_o difficultye_n observe_v the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o letter_n be_v omit_v and_o the_o discourse_n begin_v at_o the_o first_o head_n and_o first_o i_o say_v whereas_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o level_n of_o the_o serchio_n be_v high_a than_o that_o of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la this_o be_v most_o true_a at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o water_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o i_o do_v never_o say_v that_o thing_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_n as_o that_o the_o level_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-it shall_v be_v high_o than_o serchio_n and_o so_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-it shall_v go_v 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namely_o that_o at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o the_o open_n of_o the_o mouth_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o deep_a trench_n but_o i_o say_v that_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o open_v it_o unless_o upon_o great_a occasion_n for_o that_o the_o difficulty_n proceed_v from_o the_o water_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v low_o and_o the_o field_n drain_v 4._o as_o to_o the_o particular_a of_o the_o cause_n that_o you_o tell_v i_o man_n press_v so_o much_o unto_o the_o most_o serene_a grand_a duke_n and_o to_o the_o prince_n i_o have_v not_o much_o to_o say_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o profession_n nor_o have_v i_o consider_v of_o the_o same_o yet_o i_o believe_v that_o when_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o highness_n see_v the_o benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o subject_n in_o one_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n and_o the_o accommodation_n of_o huntsman_n in_o the_o other_o his_o highness_n will_v incline_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o subject_n such_o have_v i_o always_o find_v his_o clemency_n and_o nobleness_n of_o mind_n but_o if_o i_o be_v to_o put_v in_o my_o vote_n upon_o this_o business_n i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o point_n of_o spear_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o gun_n the_o yelp_a of_o dog_n the_o wilynesse_n of_o huntsman_n who_o run_v thorough_a and_o narrow_o search_v all_o those_o wood_n thicket_n and_o heathe_n be_v the_o true_a destroyer_n of_o buck_n and_o boar_n and_o not_o a_o little_a salt-water_n which_o settle_v at_o last_o in_o some_o low_a place_n and_o spread_v not_o very_o far_o yet_o nevertheless_o i_o will_v not_o enter_v upon_o any_o such_o point_n but_o confine_v myself_o sole_o to_o the_o business_n before_o i_o 5._o that_o experiment_n of_o join_v together_o the_o water_n
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proposition_n and_o speak_v that_o which_o indeed_o be_v true_a but_o yet_o beside_o our_o case_n nor_o have_v i_o ever_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o withal_o do_v not_o apply_v it_o to_o his_o purpose_n nay_o i_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v well_o apply_v it_o this_o alone_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v make_v he_o change_v his_o opinion_n and_o because_o he_o say_v that_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v true_a when_o the_o abatement_n proceed_v from_o some_o cause_n above_o as_o namely_o by_o rain_n or_o open_v of_o lake_n but_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v from_o below_o that_o be_v by_o some_o stop_n as_o for_o instance_n some_o fisher_n wear_v or_o lock_n or_o some_o impediment_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n although_o at_o the_o level_n it_o shall_v rise_v some_o brace_n where_o the_o impediment_n be_v yet_o that_o rise_n shall_v go_v upward_o and_o here_o he_o finish_v his_o discourse_n and_o conclude_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o which_o i_o say_v first_o that_o i_o have_v also_o say_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proposition_n namely_o that_o a_o flood_n come_v which_o make_v arno_n to_o rise_v in_o pisa_n six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o superior_a cause_n whether_o it_o be_v rain_n or_o the_o open_n of_o lake_n as_o best_o please_v bartolotti_n in_o such_o a_o case_n i_o say_v and_o in_o no_o other_o for_o towards_o the_o seacoast_n it_o shall_v not_o cause_v a_o rise_n of_o full_a half_a a_o brace_n and_o therefore_o see_v arno_n at_o the_o seaside_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o a_o flood_n whether_o of_o rain_n or_o of_o open_v of_o lake_n half_a a_o brace_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o at_o pisa_n it_o shall_v be_v raise_v those_o six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o variety_n well_o consider_v explain_v all_o this_o affair_n in_o favour_n of_o my_o opinion_n for_o the_o rise_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o impediment_n place_v below_o of_o fish_v wear_v and_o lock_n operate_v at_o the_o beginning_n raise_v the_o water_n that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o impediment_n and_o afterward_o less_o and_o less_o as_o we_o retire_v upward_o from_o the_o impediment_n provide_v yet_o that_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o flood_n that_o come_v by_o accession_n but_o only_o of_o the_o ordinary_a water_n impede_v but_o there_o be_v a_o new_a accession_n as_o in_o our_o case_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n i_o say_v shall_v make_v a_o great_a rise_n in_o the_o part_n superior_a far_o from_o the_o impediment_n and_o these_o impediment_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v overflow_v the_o plain_n as_o happen_v eighteen_o or_o nineteen_o year_n ago_o before_o the_o open_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o will_v certain_o follow_v if_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v let_v into_o serchio_n here_o i_o can_v allege_v a_o very_a pretty_a case_n that_o befall_v i_o in_o la_fw-fr latium_n campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it near_o to_o the_o seaside_n where_o i_o drain_v a_o bog_n or_o fen_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n of_o pisa_n and_o i_o succeed_v in_o the_o enterprise_n the_o water_n in_o their_o site_n towards_o the_o sea_n abate_v only_o three_o palm_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o fen_n they_o fall_v more_o than_o fifteen_o palm_n but_o the_o business_n will_v be_v long_o and_o not_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o sig._n bartolotti_n have_v consider_v this_o will_v alter_v his_o judgement_n and_o withal_o will_v know_v that_o remit_v that_o impediment_n anew_o which_o i_o have_v leave_v for_o less_o than_o three_o â—almes_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n in_o the_o fen_n will_v return_v with_o the_o first_o flood_n and_o rain_n to_o the_o same_o height_n as_o before_o as_o likewise_o fiume_n morto_fw-la will_n do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v let_v again_o into_o serchio_n here_o i_o entreat_v your_o honour_n to_o do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o importune_v p._n francisco_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o deelare_v my_o meaning_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a letter_n to_o sig._n bartolotti_n for_o i_o hope_v that_o if_o he_o will_v understand_v this_o point_n he_o will_v be_v no_o long_o so_o tenacious_a in_o his_o opinion_n next_o that_o these_o lord_n in_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n with_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o marquesse_n of_o s._n angelo_n and_o your_o honour_n do_v approve_v of_o my_o judgement_n do_v very_o much_o rejoice_v i_o but_o because_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o do_v it_o not_o in_o design_n to_o compliment_v i_o but_o only_o to_o serve_v his_o highness_n our_o grand_a duke_n i_o free_o profess_v that_o i_o will_v pretend_v no_o far_o obligation_n from_o they_o therein_o than_o i_o account_v myself_o to_o owe_v to_o those_o who_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o i_o for_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o end_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o this_o whole_a business_n be_v that_o they_o give_v these_o plain_n these_o drain_v and_o these_o water_n far_o fetch_v appellation_n 11._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o great_a dispute_n about_o it_o and_o i_o have_v be_v present_a at_o some_o of_o they_o but_o let_v your_o honour_n believe_v i_o that_o as_o this_o be_v not_o continual_a but_o only_o during_o a_o few_o day_n so_o it_o will_v never_o be_v of_o any_o great_a prejudice_n to_o these_o field_n and_o if_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v ascertain_v thereof_o you_o may_v please_v to_o go_v to_o fiume_n morto_fw-la at_o about_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o strong_a wind_n and_o observe_v the_o current_n from_o thence_o upward_o for_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o extreme_a slow_a and_o consequent_o will_v know_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v repulse_v be_v very_o small_a and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o rise_n proceed_v from_o cause_n below_o which_o occasion_n no_o considerable_a alteration_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o necessitate_v to_o go_v to_o morrow_n out_o of_o rome_n with_o his_o eminence_n cardinal_n gaetano_n about_o certain_a affair_n touch_v water_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o far_o enlarge_v but_o for_o a_o close_a to_o this_o tedious_a discourse_n i_o conclude_v in_o few_o word_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v let_v into_o serchio_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o mean_n intermediate_v course_n to_o be_v take_v for_o they_o will_v always_o be_v prejudicial_a but_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v to_o be_v discharge_v immediate_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o sea-wave_n i_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o open_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n to_o open_v it_o it_o be_v easy_o do_v as_o for_o the_o rest_n your_o lordship_n may_v please_v to_o keep_v account_n of_o all_o the_o particular_n that_o occur_v for_o the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a be_v our_o tutoress_n in_o those_o that_o be_v to_o come_v if_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v i_o entreat_v you_o to_o bow_v humble_o in_o my_o name_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o grand_a duke_n and_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n leopold_n and_o to_o attend_v the_o service_n of_o their_o highness_n for_o you_o serve_v prince_n of_o extraordinary_a merit_n and_o to_o who_o i_o myself_o be_o also_o exceed_o oblige_v in_o the_o controversy_n that_o arise_v respect_v the_o pious_a end_n of_o speak_v the_o truth_n for_o then_o every_o thing_n will_v succeed_v happy_o i_o kiss_v the_o hand_n of_o padre_n francisco_n of_o sig._n bartolotti_n and_o of_o your_o lordship_n rome_n 14._o march_n 1642._o your_o honour_n most_o oblige_v
servant_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o discourse_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o draining_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o pontine_n fen_n for_o that_o i_o think_v that_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v well_o and_o to_o purpose_n in_o this_o matter_n have_v absolute_a dependence_n on_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o that_o so_o important_a proposition_n by_o i_o demonstrate_v and_o explain_v in_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n namely_o that_o the_o same_o water_n of_o a_o river_n do_v continual_o change_v measure_n according_a as_o it_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o velocity_n of_o its_o course_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o river_n in_o one_o site_n to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o river_n in_o another_o site_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n reciprocal_o that_o the_o velocity_n in_o this_o site_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n in_o the_o first_o site_n and_o this_o 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improvement_n may_v possible_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o good_a estate_n now_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o set_v down_o my_o thought_n in_o writing_n and_o to_o honour_v this_o my_o paper_n with_o the_o noble_a name_n of_o your_o lordship_n to_o render_v it_o the_o more_o credible_a and_o conspicuous_a at_o the_o first_o view_n if_o it_o shall_v chance_v that_o the_o subject_a i_o treat_v of_o be_v not_o of_o such_o moment_n as_o that_o it_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v value_v for_o any_o other_o reason_n pardon_v i_o sir_n if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o bold_a and_o continue_v i_o in_o the_o number_n of_o your_o servant_n the_o enterprise_n of_o draining_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o pontine_n fen_n have_v be_v undertake_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o last_o of_o all_o in_o our_o day_n yea_o in_o the_o late_a time_n by_o sixtus_n v._o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v in_o the_o least_o but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v possible_a yet_o to_o reduce_v thing_n to_o a_o very_a good_a pass_n and_o if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v with_o a_o very_a small_a charge_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o profit_n that_o will_v be_v receive_v from_o those_o rich_a ground_n this_o improvement_n be_v of_o great_a expense_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sixtus_n quintus_n but_o by_o reason_n the_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v there_o be_v make_v many_o drain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v unprofitable_a and_o vain_a and_o among_o so_o many_o operation_n there_o happen_v some_o to_o be_v make_v that_o succeed_v as_o be_v desire_v but_o not_o be_v understand_v they_o be_v hold_v in_o no_o account_n and_o thus_o the_o business_n be_v neglect_v the_o water_n be_v return_v into_o the_o same_o state_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o before_o the_o improvement_n here_o i_o have_v by_o familiar_a discourse_n with_o my_o friend_n explain_v this_o enterprise_n undertake_v by_o sixtus_n v._o and_o haply_o also_o by_o some_o more_o ancient_a with_o the_o example_n of_o the_o fable_n of_o orilo_n in_o ariosto_n this_o monster_n be_v make_v up_o with_o such_o enchantment_n that_o man_n fight_v with_o he_o always_o in_o vain_a for_o though_o in_o the_o combat_n he_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n those_o divide_a member_n present_o reunite_v and_o return_v to_o the_o fight_n more_o fierce_a than_o ever_o but_o the_o paladine_n astolfo_n come_v to_o undertake_v he_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n at_o the_o end_n he_o cut_v his_o head_n sheer_a off_o from_o the_o shoulder_n at_o one_o blow_n and_o nimble_o alight_v from_o his_o horse_n take_v the_o monstrous_a head_n and_o mount_v again_o as_o he_o ride_v away_o he_o fall_v to_o shave_v the_o pole_n of_o that_o monster_n and_o so_o he_o lose_v the_o lock_n of_o hair_n in_o which_o alone_o the_o enchantment_n lie_v and_o then_o the_o horrible_a head_n in_o a_o instant_n manifest_v sign_n of_o death_n and_o the_o trunk_n which_o run_v seek_v to_o reunite_v to_o it_o anew_o give_v the_o last_o gasp_n 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have_v a_o great_a part_n in_o this_o disorder_n be_v the_o impediment_n of_o those_o wear_v in_o the_o river_n which_o be_v make_v by_o heighten_v the_o bed_n of_o the_o same_o for_o place_v of_o fishing-net_n of_o which_o piscary_v i_o reckon_v above_o ten_o when_o i_o make_v a_o voyage_n through_o those_o water_n to_o sandolo_n and_o these_o fishing-wears_a be_v such_o impediment_n that_o some_o one_o of_o they_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o rise_v half_o a_o palm_n and_o sometime_o a_o whole_a palm_n and_o more_o so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v all_o gather_v together_o these_o impediment_n amount_v to_o more_o than_o seven_o or_o possible_o than_o eight_o palm_n there_o concur_v for_o a_o three_o most_o potent_a cause_n of_o the_o water_n continue_v high_a in_o the_o evacuate_n or_o draining_n channel_n and_o consequent_o on_o the_o plain_n the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o issue_v from_o fiume_n sisto_n the_o water_n of_o which_o do_v not_o keep_v within_o its_o bank_n when_o they_o be_v abundant_a but_o increase_a above_o its_o channel_n they_o unite_v with_o those_o of_o the_o evacuator_fw-la and_o disperse_v through_o the_o fen_n be_v raise_v with_o great_a prejudice_n and_o much_o great_a than_o be_v conceive_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o consideration_n upon_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o any_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o if_o we_o shall_v measure_v all_o the_o water_n that_o disimbogue_v from_o fiume_n sisto_n and_o gather_v they_o into_o one_o sum_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o fen_n to_o increase_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a expansion_n of_o they_o over_o which_o that_o body_n of_o water_n be_v to_o
and_o continue_v to_o divert_v 17_o 100_o the_o height_n of_o the_o river_n abate_v likewise_o 1_o 10_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o divert_v 15_o 100_o and_o then_o 13_o 100_o and_o then_o 11_o 100_o and_o then_o 9_o 100_o and_o then_o 7_o 100_o and_o then_o 5_o 100_o and_o then_o 3_o 106_o always_o by_o each_o of_o these_o diversion_n the_o height_n of_o the_o run_v water_n diminish_v the_o ten_o part_n although_o that_o the_o diversion_n be_v so_o unequal_a reflect_v i_o say_v upon_o this_o infallible_a truth_n i_o have_v have_v a_o conceit_n that_o though_o the_o reno_n and_o other_o river_n be_v divert_v from_o the_o valley_n and_o there_o be_v only_o leave_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v only_o the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o water_n in_o those_o same_o valley_n will_v retain_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o that_o height_n that_o become_v conjoin_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a continuate_a unto_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a ease_n in_o the_o navigation_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n the_o say_a water_n will_v render_v the_o po_n of_o volano_n navigable_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o ferrara_n and_o consequent_o the_o navigation_n will_v be_v continuate_a from_o bologna_n to_o the_o seaside_n but_o to_o manage_v this_o enterprise_n well_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n discharge_v into_o the_o valley_n and_o that_o which_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n carry_v in_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n for_o this_o once_o know_v we_o shall_v also_o come_v to_o know_v how_o profitable_a this_o diversion_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n from_o the_o valley_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v which_o yet_o will_v still_o be_v unprofitable_a if_o so_o be_v that_o all_o the_o river_n that_o discharge_v their_o water_n into_o the_o valley_n shall_v not_o first_o be_v drain_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v above_o advertise_v abbot_n castelli_n in_o the_o present_a consideration_n refer_v himself_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o monsig_n corsini_n ground_v upon_o the_o observation_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o say_a abbot_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o present_a discourse_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o complete_n of_o the_o work_n of_o our_o author_n upon_o these_o subject_n to_o insert_v it_o in_o this_o place_n a_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o illustrious_a monsignore_n corsini_n a_o native_a of_o tuscany_n superintendent_n of_o the_o general_n drain_v and_o precedent_n of_o romagna_n the_o rheno_n and_o other_o brook_n of_o romagna_n be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o p._n agostino_n spernazzati_n the_o jesuit_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n viii_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o bolognesi_n and_o other_o concern_v therein_o divert_v from_o their_o channel_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a cleanse_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o of_o its_o two_o branch_n of_o primaro_n and_o volano_n in_o order_n to_o the_o introduce_v the_o water_n of_o the_o main-po_n into_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o wont_a torrent_n be_v restore_v they_o may_v carry_v the_o muddy-water_n thence_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o city_n the_o navigation_n which_o be_v last_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o brief_a of_o the_o say_a pope_n clement_n direct_v to_o the_o cardinal_n san_n clemence_n bear_v date_n the_o 22._o of_o august_n 1604._o the_o work_n of_o the_o say_v cleanse_v and_o introduce_v of_o the_o say_v po_n either_o as_o be_v such_o in_o itself_o or_o by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o cardinal_n legate_n then_o in_o these_o part_n and_o the_o jarring_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o they_o prove_v so_o difficult_a that_o after_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a sum_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 21._o year_n there_o have_v be_v nothing_o do_v save_o the_o render_n of_o it_o the_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v effect_v interim_n the_o torrent_n with_o their_o water_n both_o muddy_a and_o clear_a have_v damage_v the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o the_o rheno_n those_o on_o its_o bank_n of_o which_o i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o of_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o from_o which_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o mischief_n that_o result_v from_o the_o rest_n do_v proceed_v this_o rheno_n have_v overflow_v the_o lordship_n tennency_n of_o sanmartina_n in_o circumference_n about_o fourteen_o mile_n give_v it_o before_o and_o part_n of_o that_o of_o cominale_n give_v it_o afterward_o as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o receptacle_n from_o whence_o have_v depose_v the_o matter_n of_o its_o muddiness_n it_o issue_v clear_a by_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la and_o of_o lievaloro_n into_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n and_o of_o volano_n do_v break_v down_o the_o encompass_v bank_n or_o dam_n towards_o s._n martino_n and_o that_o of_o its_o new_a channel_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n near_o to_o torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n by_o the_o breach_n on_o this_o side_n it_o stream_v out_o in_o great_a abundance_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o cominale_n and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o raveda_n pioggio_n caprara_n ghiare_fw-it di_fw-it reno_n saint_n '_o agostino_n san_n prospero_n san_n vincenzo_n and_o other_o and_o make_v they_o to_o become_v incultivable_a it_o make_v also_o those_o place_n above_o but_o little_a fruitful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n that_o their_o drain_v receive_v find_v the_o conveyance_n call_v riolo_n and_o scorsuro_fw-la not_o only_o fill_v by_o la_fw-fr motta_n and_o la_fw-fr belletta_n but_o that_o they_o turn_v backward_o of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o mouth_n in_o the_o enclose_v bank_n or_o dam_n at_o borgo_n di_fw-mi s._n martino_n issue_v with_o violence_n it_o first_o give_v obstruction_n to_o the_o ancient_a navigation_n of_o la_fw-fr torre_n della_fw-it fossa_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o modern_a of_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la so_o that_o at_o present_a the_o commerce_n between_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n be_v lose_v nor_o can_v it_o ever_o be_v in_o any_o durable_a way_n renew_v whilst_o that_o this_o exceed_v its_o due_a bound_n and_o what_o ever_o money_n shall_v be_v employ_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v without_o any_o equivalent_a benefit_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a and_o notable_a prejudice_n of_o the_o exchequer_n apostolic_a chamber_n thence_o pass_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o marzara_n it_o swell_v high_a not_o only_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n but_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n sink_v thither_o after_o land-flood_n and_o dilate_v so_o that_o it_o cover_v all_o the_o meadow_n thereabouts_o nor_o do_v it_o receive_v with_o the_o wont_a facility_n the_o drain_v of_o the_o upper_a ground_n of_o which_o the_o next_o unto_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o water_n that_o return_v upward_o by_o the_o conveyance_n and_o the_o more_o remote_a not_o find_v a_o passage_n for_o rain-water_n that_o settle_v become_v either_o altogether_o unprofitable_a or_o little_a better_a from_o this_o valley_n by_o the_o trench_n or_o ditch_n of_o marzara_n or_o of_o la_fw-fr duca_n by_o la_fw-fr buova_n or_o mouth_n of_o castaldo_n de_fw-fr rossi_n and_o by_o the_o new_a passage_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n which_o be_v to_o receive_v it_o clear_a that_o so_o it_o may_v sink_v far_o therein_o and_o receive_v it_o muddy_a because_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o quick_a course_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a contrary_a effect_n here_o therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n keep_v high_a until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n hinder_v the_o valley_n of_o ravenna_n where_o the_o river_n senio_fw-la those_o of_o san_n bernardino_n where_fw-mi santerno_fw-la be_v turn_v those_o of_o buon_n '_o acquisto_fw-la and_o those_o of_o marmorto_n where_o the_o idice_n quaderna_n sellero_n fall_v in_o from_o swallow_v and_o take_v in_o their_o water_n by_o their_o usual_a in-lets_a yet_o many_o time_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v in_o the_o visitation_n they_o drink_v they_o up_o plentiful_o whereupon_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o muddinesse_n of_o those_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o they_o swell_v and_o dilate_v and_o overflow_v some_o ground_n and_o deprive_v other_o of_o their_o drain_v in_o like_a manner_n
giorgio_n and_o the_o valley_n of_o comachio_n by_o the_o water_n that_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o goro_n or_o dam_n of_o the_o mill_n of_o belriguardo_n through_o the_o trench_n of_o quadrea_n which_o can_v be_v stop_v because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n who_o have_v right_a of_o divert_v the_o water_n of_o that_o place_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o the_o work_n of_o turn_v mill_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o objection_n other_o pretend_v to_o prove_v frivolous_a by_o say_v that_o its_o run_v there_o till_o at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v turn_v another_o way_n be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o have_v make_v such_o a_o elevation_n of_o the_o line_n of_o its_o bed_n as_o it_o require_v deny_v that_o it_o need_v so_o great_a a_o declivity_n as_o be_v mention_v above_o and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o will_v rise_v no_o more_o that_o the_o say_v drain_v and_o ditch_n do_v empty_a into_o the_o same_o whilst_o po_n be_v there_o so_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v more_o able_a to_o do_v so_o when_o only_o reno_n run_v that_o way_n that_o there_o will_v no_o breach_n follow_v or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v be_v only_o of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n which_o in_o few_o hour_n may_v be_v take_v away_o in_o those_o part_n they_o call_v damn_v up_o of_o breach_n and_o mend_v the_o bank_n take_v away_o the_o breach_n and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o they_o will_v procure_v more_o inconvenience_n than_o benefit_n for_o that_o its_o mud_n and_o sand_n may_v in_o many_o place_n by_o fill_v they_o up_o occasion_n a_o seasonable_a improvement_n now_o omit_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o reason_n on_o the_o oneside_n or_o on_o the_o other_o i_o will_v produce_v those_o that_o move_v i_o to_o suspend_v my_o allowance_n of_o this_o design_n the_o first_o be_v that_o although_o i_o dare_v not_o subscribe_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o require_v 16._o inch_n declivity_n in_o a_o mile_n to_o reno_n to_o prevent_v its_o depose_n of_o mud_n yet_o will_v i_o not_o be_v the_o author_n that_o shall_v make_v a_o trial_n of_o it_o with_o so_o much_o hazard_n for_o have_v to_o satisfy_v myself_o in_o some_o particular_n cause_v a_o level_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o river_n l'amone_v senio_fw-la and_o santerno_fw-la by_o bernardino_n aleotti_n we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v more_o declivity_n by_o much_o than_o artist_n require_v as_o also_o the_o reno_n have_v from_o la_fw-fr botta_n de_fw-fr ghislieri_n to_o the_o chapel_n of_o vigarano_n for_o in_o the_o space_n of_o four_o mile_n its_o bottom-line_n fall_v five_o foot_n and_o five_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o great_a prudence_n to_o depend_v upon_o that_o example_n than_o to_o go_v contrary_a to_o a_o common_a opinion_n especial_o since_o that_o the_o effect_n cause_v by_o reno_n itself_o do_v confirm_v i_o in_o the_o same_o for_o when_o it_o be_v forsake_v by_o the_o po_n after_o a_o few_o year_n either_o because_o it_o have_v choke_v up_o its_o channel_n with_o sand_n or_o because_o it_o be_v too_o long_a journey_n do_v increase_v it_o it_o also_o natural_o turn_v aside_o and_o take_v the_o way_n of_o the_o say_v po_n towards_o stellata_fw-la nay_o in_o those_o very_a year_n that_o it_o do_v run_v that_o way_n it_o only_o begin_v as_o relation_n say_v to_o make_v breach_n a_o evident_a sign_n that_o it_o do_v depose_v sand_n and_o raise_v its_o bed_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o that_o be_v examine_v in_o the_o visitation_n of_o the_o public_a notary_n who_o find_v great_a benefit_n by_o have_v run_v water_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o passage_n for_o boat_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o affirm_v that_o it_o for_o want_v of_o run_v water_n have_v make_v too_o high_a stoppage_n and_o shelf_n of_o sand_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o course_n that_o it_o forsake_v i_o much_o fear_v that_o after_o a_o short_a time_n if_o not_o sudden_o it_o will_v leave_v it_o again_o the_o second_o i_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o panaro_n when_o with_o so_o great_a applause_n of_o the_o feraresi_n it_o be_v bring_v by_o cardinal_n serra_n into_o the_o say_a channel_n of_o volana_n for_o that_o notwithstanding_o that_o it_o have_v run_v water_n in_o much_o great_a abundance_n than_o reno_n yet_o in_o the_o time_n that_o it_o continue_v in_o that_o channel_n it_o raise_v its_o bed_n well_o near_o five_o foot_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v below_o the_o sluice_n make_v by_o cardinal_n capponi_n to_o his_o new_a channel_n yea_o the_o say_a cardinal_n serra_n who_o desire_v that_o this_o his_o undertake_n shall_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o no_o danger_n nor_o damage_n be_v constrain_v at_o its_o overflowing_n to_o give_v it_o vent_v into_o sanmartina_n that_o it_o may_v not_o break_v in_o upon_o and_o prejudice_v the_o city_n which_o danger_n i_o shall_v more_o fear_v from_o reno_n in_o regard_n it_o carry_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n and_o sand._n three_o i_o be_o much_o trouble_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o affair_n at_o the_o great_a expense_n thereto_o require_v for_o in_o regard_n i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o let_v it_o in_o near_o to_o the_o fortress_n for_o many_o respect_n and_o carry_v it_o by_o la_fw-fr torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n to_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la it_o will_v take_v up_o eight_o mile_n of_o double_a bank_n a_o thing_n not_o easy_a to_o be_v procure_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o ground_n lie_v under_o water_n but_o from_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la unto_o codigoro_n it_o will_v also_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v new_a scowring_n of_o the_o channel_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o water_n approach_v by_z wearing_z and_o carry_v away_o the_o earth_n on_o both_o shore_n may_v make_v a_o bed_n sufficient_a for_o its_o body_n the_o depth_n make_v for_o panaro_n not_o serve_v the_o turn_n as_o i_o conceive_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v suffice_v when_o can_v the_o people_n of_o ferrara_n hope_v to_o be_v reimburse_v and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o charge_n thereof_o four_o it_o serve_v as_o a_o argument_n with_o i_o to_o see_v that_o the_o very_a individual_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o remotion_n or_o diversion_n of_o the_o say_a torrent_n namely_o the_o bolognesi_n do_v not_o incline_v unto_o it_o and_o that_o the_o whole_a city_n of_o ferrara_n even_o those_o very_a person_n who_o at_o present_a receive_v damage_n by_o it_o can_v endure_v to_o hear_v thereof_o the_o reason_n that_o induce_v these_o last_o name_v to_o be_v so_o averse_a thereto_o be_v either_o because_o that_o this_o undertake_n will_v render_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o water_n of_o main-po_n more_o difficult_a or_o because_o they_o fear_v the_o danger_n thereof_o the_o other_o decline_v the_o project_n either_o for_o that_o they_o know_v that_o reno_n can_v long_o continue_v in_o that_o course_n or_o because_o they_o fear_v that_o it_o be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o those_o man_n revengeful_a cutting_n of_o it_o who_o do_v not_o desire_v it_o shall_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v any_o other_o way_n he_o ought_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o forbear_v that_o which_o to_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o its_o removal_n be_v less_o satisfactory_a and_o to_o such_o as_o oppose_v it_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o conclude_v i_o exceed_o honour_v the_o judgement_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n who_o have_v to_o his_o natural_a ability_n and_o prudence_n add_v a_o particular_a study_n observation_n and_o experience_n of_o these_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n together_o do_v not_o think_v that_o reno_n can_v go_v by_o volana_n to_o which_o agree_v the_o opinion_n of_o cardinal_n s._n marcello_n legate_n of_o this_o city_n of_o who_o for_o his_o exquisite_a understanding_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v great_a account_n but_o if_o ever_o this_o shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o it_o will_v be_v material_o necessary_a to_o unite_v the_o quick_a and_o run_v water_n of_o the_o little_a channel_n of_o cento_n of_o the_o channel_n navilio_n of_o guazzaloca_n and_o at_o its_o very_a beginning_n those_o of_o dardagna_n which_o at_o present_a be_v one_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o head_n of_o panaro_n that_o so_o they_o may_v assist_v it_o in_o carry_v its_o sand_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o its_o muddiness_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o there_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o be_v a_o great_a evacuation_n and_o scour_a but_o withal_o the_o proprietor_n in_o the_o islet_n of_o san_n giorgio_n and_o of_o ferrara_n must_v prepare_v themselves_o to_o endure_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o purl_n or_o sewing_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o river_n through_o the_o boggy_a ground_n thereabouts_o i_o shall_v more_o easy_o incline_v therefore_o
by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n to_o that_o which_o it_o discharge_v after_o the_o increase_n be_v make_v proposition_n iu._n theor._n ii_o 54_o proportion_n of_o a_o river_n when_o highâ—â—_n to_o itself_o when_o low_o coral_n i._o 55_o q_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n be_v never_o certain_a if_o with_o the_o vulgar_a way_n of_o measure_v they_o their_o velocity_n be_v not_o consider_v 32_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o be_v discharge_v by_o a_o river_n answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v discharge_v axiom_n i_o two_o iii_o 38_o quick-height_n of_o a_o river_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n v._n 48_o r_o reason_n of_o the_o proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n coral_n vi_o 7_o reason_n of_o monsignore_n corsini_n against_o the_o diversion_n of_o reno_n into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n 105_o reason_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n and_o monsig_n corsini_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 106_o two_o objection_n on_o the_o contrary_a and_o answer_n to_o they_o 104_o &_o 105_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n and_o of_o reno_n in_o po._n 110_o regulator_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n iu_o 48_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o monsignore_n corsini_n 100_o reno_n in_o the_o valley_n and_o its_o bad_a effect_n 100_o 101_o two_o way_n to_o divert_v it_o 103_o the_o facility_n and_o utility_n of_o those_o way_n ibid._n the_o difficulty_n object_v 104_o reply_n to_o bartolotti_n touch_v the_o danger_n of_o turn_a eiume_n morto_n into_o serchio_n 83_o retardment_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n cause_v by_o its_o bank_n appendix_n vii_o 19_o rise_n make_v by_o floodgate_n but_o small_a appendix_n xiii_o 26_o river_n that_o be_v shallow_a swell_v much_o upon_o small_a shower_n such_o as_o be_v deep_o rise_v but_o little_a upon_o great_a flood_n corollary_n iii_o 6_o river_n the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o swift_a ibid._n rivers_z the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o less_o they_o increase_v upon_o flood_n 49_o river_n when_o they_o be_v to_o have_v equal_a and_o when_o like_a velocity_n ibid._n river_n in_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n form_n a_o shelf_n of_o sand_n call_v cavallo_n 65_o five_o river_n to_o be_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereupon_o 74_o 75_o a_o river_n of_o quick-height_n and_o velocity_n in_o its_o regulator_n be_v give_v if_o the_o height_n be_v redouble_v by_o new_a water_n it_o redouble_v also_o in_o velocity_n proposition_n ii_o theorem_fw-la i_o 51_o keep_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o velocity_n corollary_n 52_o saint_n sand_n and_o mud_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o way_n to_o examine_v it_o 76_o sea_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n stop_v up_o the_o port_n 64_o 65_o section_n of_o a_o river_n what_o they_o be_v definition_n i._n 37_o section_n equal_o swift_a what_o they_o be_v definition_n ii_o ibid._n section_n of_o a_o river_n be_v give_v to_o conceive_v other_o equal_v to_o they_o of_o different_a breadth_n height_n and_o velocity_n petition_n 38_o section_n of_o the_o same_o river_n and_o their_o proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n coral_n i._o 42_o section_n of_o a_o river_n discharge_v in_o any_o whatsoever_o place_n of_o the_o say_a river_n equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n proposition_n i._n 39_o sile_z river_n what_o mischief_n it_o threaten_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n 74_o spirting_n of_o water_n grow_v big_a the_o high_o they_o go_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o stream_n of_o river_n how_o they_o increase_v and_o vary_v coral_n i._o 6_o stream_n retard_v and_o the_o effect_n thereof_o coral_n ix_o 8_o t_o table_n of_o the_o height_n addition_n and_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o its_o use_n 56_o thrasimenus_n vide_fw-la lake_n time_n how_o it_o be_v measure_v in_o these_o operation_n of_o the_o water_n 49_o torrent_n increase_v at_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o river_n though_o they_o carry_v no_o more_o water_n than_o before_o coral_n iv._o 6_o torrent_n when_o they_o depose_v and_o carry_v away_o the_o sand._n coral_n v._o 7_o torrent_n and_o their_o effect_n in_o a_o river_n 6_o 7_o torrent_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n or_o into_o po_n of_o valano_n and_o their_o mischief_n prevent_v by_o the_o divert_v of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 100_o tiber_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o inundation_n coral_n viii_o 8_o five_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n their_o inundation_n and_o disorder_n whence_o they_o proceed_v 97_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n show_v by_o several_a example_n 3_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o measure_n 5_o velocity_n equal_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o velocity_n like_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o 48_o velocity_n of_o water_n know_v how_o they_o help_v we_o in_o find_v the_o length_n 113_o a_o fable_n to_o explain_v the_o truth_n thereof_o ibid._n venice_n vide_fw-la lake_n use_v of_o the_o regulator_n in_o measure_v great_a river_n consideration_n i._n 60_o w_n water_n fall_v why_o they_o disgross_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o water_n how_o the_o length_n of_o they_o be_v measure_v 70_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o flow_v ground_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distribute_v 19_o 53_o 54_o water_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o pipe_n to_o serve_v aquaduct_n and_o conduit_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v 15_o 116_o way_n to_o know_v the_o rise_n of_o lake_n by_o raines_n 28_o way_n of_o the_o vulgar_a to_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n 68_o wind_n gun_n and_o portable_a fountain_n of_o vincenzo_n vincenti_fw-la of_o urbino_n 11_o wind_n contrary_a retard_v and_o make_v river_n increase_v coral_n vii_o 8_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o tome_n copernicus_n repute_v the_o earth_n a_o globe_n like_a to_o a_o planet_n celestial_a substance_n that_o be_v in_o alterable_a and_o elementary_a that_o be_v alterable_a be_v necessary_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n aristotle_n make_v the_o world_n perfect_a because_o it_o have_v the_o threefold_a dimension_n aristotle_n demonstration_n to_o prove_v the_o dimension_n to_o be_v three_o and_o no_o more_o the_o number_n three_o celebrate_v among_o the_o pythagorian_n omne_fw-la totum_fw-la &_o perfectum_fw-la or_o solid_a plato_n hold_v that_o humane_a understanding_n partake_v of_o divinity_n because_o it_o understand_v number_n the_o mystery_n of_o pythagorick_a number_n fabulous_a de_fw-fr papyrio_fw-la pâ—aetextato_fw-la gellius_n 1._o 2._o 3._o a_o geometrical_a demonstration_n of_o the_o triple_a dimension_n in_o physical_a proof_n geometrical_a exactness_n be_v not_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v two_o according_a to_o aristotle_n celestial_a and_o elementary_a contrary_n to_o one_o another_o local_a motion_n of_o three_o kind_n right_a circular_a &_o mix_v circular_a and_o straight_a motion_n be_v simple_a as_o proceed_v by_o simple_a line_n ad_fw-la medium_n à _fw-fr 〈◊〉_d &_o circa_fw-la medium_n the_o definition_n of_o nature_n either_o imperfect_a or_o unseasonable_a produce_v by_o aristotle_n the_o helix_fw-la about_o the_o cylinder_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o simple_a line_n aristotle_n accommodate_v the_o rule_n of_o architecture_n to_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n and_o not_o the_o frame_n to_o the_o rule_n right_o motion_n sometime_o simple_a and_o sometime_o mix_v according_a to_o arist._n the_o circular_a line_n perfect_a according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o but_o the_o right_n imperfect_a and_o why_o the_o world_n be_v suppose_v by_o the_o author_n to_o be_v perfect_o ordinate_a straight_o motion_n impossible_a in_o the_o world_n exact_o ordinate_a right_o motion_n nature_n infinite_a motion_n by_o a_o right_a line_n natural_o impossible_a nature_n attempt_v not_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v right_o motion_n may_v perhaps_o be_v in_o thâ—_n first_o chaos_n right_o motion_n be_v commodious_a to_o range_v in_o order_n thing_n out_o of_o order_n mundane_a body_n move_v in_o the_o begin_n in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o afterward_o circular_o according_a to_o plato_n plato_n thus_o do_v he_o covert_o and_o modest_o style_v himself_o throughout_o this_o work_n a_o movable_a be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o rest_n shall_v not_o move_v unless_o it_o have_v a_o inclination_n to_o some_o particular_a place_n the_o movable_a accelerate_v its_o motion_n go_v towards_o the_o place_n whither_o it_o have_v a_o inclination_n the_o movable_a pass_v from_o rest_n go_v through_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o tardity_n rest_v the_o infinite_a degree_n of_o tardity_n the_o movable_a do_v not_o accelerate_v save_v only_o as_o it_o approach_v near_a to_o we_o term_n nature_n to_o introduce_v in_o the_o movable_a a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n make_v it_o move_v in_o a_o right_a line_n vniform_a
the_o earth_n need_v no_o more_o but_o motion_n and_o light_n celestial_a body_n want_v a_o interchangeable_a operation_n upon_o each_o other_o alterability_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o in_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n but_o in_o some_o of_o its_o part_n celestial_a body_n alterable_a in_o their_o outward_a part_n the_o generation_n &_o mutation_n happen_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v all_o for_o the_o good_a of_o man._n the_o moon_n have_v no_o generating_n of_o thing_n like_a as_o we_o have_v nor_o be_v it_o inhabit_v by_o man_n in_o the_o moon_n may_v be_v a_o generation_n of_o thing_n different_a from_o we_o he_o that_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o the_o element_n of_o water_n can_v never_o fancy_v to_o himself_o ship_n and_o fish_n there_o may_v be_v substance_n in_o the_o moon_n very_o different_a from_o we_o the_o first_o resemblance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n which_o be_v that_o of_o figure_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n the_o second_o conformity_n be_v the_o moon_n be_v opacous_a as_o the_o earth_n 〈…〉_z moon_n be_v 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈…〉_z as_o the_o earth_n four_o the_o moon_n be_v distinguish_v into_o two_o different_a part_n for_o clarity_n and_o obscurity_n as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n into_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v show_v at_o a_o distance_n more_o obscure_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n five_o mutation_n of_o figure_n in_o the_o earth_n like_v to_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o make_v with_o the_o same_o period_n all_o the_o earth_n see_v half_a only_o of_o the_o moon_n &_o the_o half_a only_o of_o the_o moon_n see_v all_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o earth_n we_o see_v more_o than_o half_a the_o lunar_a globe_n two_o spot_n in_o the_o moon_n by_o which_o it_o be_v perceive_v that_o she_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o her_o motion_n six_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n interchangeable_o do_v illuminate_v light_o reflect_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o moon_n seven_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n do_v mutual_o eclipse_v the_o second_o clarity_n of_o the_o moon_n esteem_v to_o be_v its_o native_a light_n the_o earth_n unable_a to_o reflect_v the_o sun_n ray_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o heaven_n impenetrable_a according_a to_o aristotle_n the_o substance_n of_o heaven_n intangible_a the_o superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n more_o sleek_a than_o any_o looking-glass_n the_o eminency_n and_o cavity_n in_o the_o moon_n be_v illusion_n of_o its_o opacous_a and_o perspicuous_a part_n part_n il_fw-fr saggiatore_n &_o lettere_n solari_n two_o treatise_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la it_o be_v prove_v at_o large_a that_o the_o moon_n surface_n be_v sharp_a flat_a looking-glass_n cast_v forth_o the_o reflection_n towards_o but_o one_o place_n but_o the_o spherical_a every_o way_n the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n great_a in_o the_o celestial_a body_n than_o in_o elementary_a the_o moon_n if_o it_o be_v smooth_a like_o a_o spherical_a glass_n will_v be_v invisible_a the_o small_a body_n of_o the_o star_n fringe_v round_o about_o with_o ray_n appear_v very_o much_o big_a than_o plain_a and_o naked_a and_o in_o its_o native_a clarity_n the_o reflex_n light_n of_o uneven_a body_n be_v more_o universal_a than_o that_o of_o the_o smooth_a &_o why_o the_o moon_n if_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o sleâ—k_v will_v be_v invisible_a some_o write_v what_o they_o understand_v not_o and_o therefore_o understand_v not_o what_o they_o write_v diamond_n ground_n to_o divers_a side_n &_o why_o silver_n 〈◊〉_d wish_a appear_v maâ—e_n obscure_a 〈◊〉_d the_o not_o burnish_a &_o why_o burnish_a steel_n 〈◊〉_d from_o one_o 〈…〉_z very_o 〈…〉_z from_o 〈◊〉_d very_o obscure_a the_o more_o rough_a superficies_n make_v great_a reflection_n of_o light_n than_o the_o less_o rough_a perpendicular_a ray_n illuminate_v more_o than_o the_o oblique_a and_o why_o the_o more_o oblique_a ray_n illuminate_v less_o and_o why_o perfect_a 〈◊〉_d why_o ascribe_v be_v celestial_a body_n by_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o figure_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o incorruptibiliâ—r_n but_o of_o long_a duration_n corruptibility_n admit_v of_o more_o or_o less_o so_o do_v not_o incorruptibility_a the_o perfection_n of_o figure_n operate_v in_o corruptible_a body_n but_o not_o in_o the_o eternal_a if_o the_o spherical_a figure_n confer_v eternity_n all_o body_n will_v be_v eternal_a mother_n of_o pearl_n accommodate_v to_o imitate_v the_o apparent_a unevenness_n of_o the_o moon_n surface_n the_o apparent_a unevenness_n of_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v imitate_v by_o way_n of_o more_o and_o less_o opacity_n &_o perspicuity_n the_o various_a aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n imitable_a with_o any_o opacous_a matter_n various_a appearance_n from_o which_o the_o moon_n montuosity_n be_v argue_v the_o moon_n appear_v bright_a by_o night_n than_o by_o day_n the_o moon_n behold_v in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v like_a to_o a_o little_a cloud_n cloud_n be_v no_o less_o apt_a than_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n a_o wall_n illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n compare_v to_o the_o moon_n shine_v no_o less_o than_o it_o the_o three_o reflection_n of_o a_o wall_n illuminate_v more_o than_o the_o first_o of_o the_o moon_n the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n weak_a than_o that_o of_o the_o twilight_n lum_n nous_fw-fr body_n appear_v the_o bright_a in_o a_o obscurer_n ambient_fw-la ambient_fw-la by_o the_o moon_n two_o quadrature_n you_o be_v to_o understand_v its_o first_o and_o last_o quarter_n as_o astrologer_n call_v they_o the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o some_o some_o tendono_fw-it le_fw-mi parete_fw-la all_o common_a it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o opinion_n be_v new_a to_o man_n or_o man_n new_a to_o opinion_n opinion_n contestare_fw-la false_o render_v in_o the_o latin_a translation_n contentare_fw-la the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moâ—n_n appear_v in_o form_n of_o a_o ring_n that_o be_v to_o say_v bright_a in_o the_o extreme_a circumference_n and_o not_o â—n_v the_o midst_n and_o why_o the_o way_n to_o observe_v the_o secondary_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o moon_n discus_fw-la in_o a_o solar_n eclipse_n can_v be_v see_v only_o by_o privation_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o conclusion_n accommodate_v the_o thing_n to_o his_o purpose_n and_o not_o his_o purpose_n to_o the_o thing_n a_o jest_n put_v upon_o one_o that_o will_v sell_v a_o certain_a secret_a for_o hold_v correspondency_n with_o a_o person_n a_o thousand_o mile_n off_o the_o earth_n may_v reciprocal_o operate_v upon_o celestial_a body_n with_o its_o light_n affinity_n between_o the_o earth_n &_o moon_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o vicinity_n solidity_n of_o the_o lunar_a globe_n argue_v from_o its_o be_v montainous_a the_o sea_n reflection_n of_o light_n much_o weak_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n a_o experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o water_n less_o clear_a than_o that_o 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lib._n 2._o genesi_fw-la ad_fw-la literam_fw-la in_o fine_a fine_a si_fw-mi fortasscerunt_fw-la mataeologi_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la omnum_fw-la mathematicum_fw-la ignari_fw-la sint_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-la â—is_fw-la judicium_fw-la assumunt_fw-la propter_fw-la aliquem_fw-la locum_fw-la scripturae_fw-la malè_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la propositum_fw-la detortum_fw-la ausi_fw-la fuerint_fw-la hoc_fw-la meum_fw-la institutum_fw-la repreâ—endere_fw-la ac_fw-la insectari_fw-la illos_fw-la nihil_fw-la moror_fw-la adeò_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la illorum_fw-la judicium_fw-la tanquam_fw-la temerarium_fw-la contemnam_fw-la non_fw-la enim_fw-la obscurum_fw-la est_fw-la lactantium_fw-la celelebrem_fw-la alioqui_fw-la scriptorem_fw-la sed_fw-la mathematicum_fw-la parvum_fw-la admodum_fw-la pueriliter_fw-la de_fw-la forma_fw-la terrae_fw-la loqui_fw-la cum_fw-la deridet_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la terram_fw-la globâ—_n formam_fw-la habere_fw-la prodiderunt_fw-la itaque_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la mirum_fw-la videri_fw-la studiosis_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la tale_n nos_fw-la etiam_fw-la ridebunt_fw-la mathemata_fw-la mathematicis_fw-la scribuntur_fw-la quibus_fw-la &_o high_a nostri_fw-la labores_fw-la si_fw-la i_o non_fw-la fallit_fw-la opinio_fw-la videbuntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la ecclesiasticae_fw-la conducere_fw-la aliquid_fw-la cujus_fw-la principatum_fw-la tua_fw-la sanctitas_fw-la nunc_fw-la tenâ—â—_n tenâ—â—_n not_o definimus_fw-la deum_fw-la primò_fw-la nâ—tura_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la deinde_fw-la doctrina_fw-la recognescendum_fw-la natura_fw-la ex_fw-la operibus_fw-la doctrina_fw-la ex_fw-la pâ—aedicationibus_fw-la tertul._n adver_o martion_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o 18._o quaeri_fw-la etiam_fw-la solet_fw-la quae_fw-la forma_fw-la &_o figura_fw-la caeli_fw-la credenda_fw-la sit_fw-la secundum_fw-la scripturas_fw-la nostras_fw-la multi_fw-la enim_fw-la multum_fw-la disputant_n de_fw-la iis_fw-la ribus_fw-la quas_fw-la majori_fw-la prudentia_fw-la 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quomodo_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la stat_fw-la quomodo_fw-la sydera_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la fixa_fw-la creduntur_fw-la ab_fw-la oriente_fw-la in_o occidentem_fw-la circumeunt_fw-la septentrionalibus_fw-la breviores_fw-la gyros_fw-la juxta_fw-la cardinem_fw-la peragentibus_fw-la ut_fw-la caelum_fw-la si_fw-la est_fw-la alius_fw-la nobis_fw-la occulius_fw-la cardo_n ex_fw-la alio_fw-la vertice_fw-la sicut_fw-la sphaera_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la nullus_fw-la alius_fw-la cardo_n est_fw-la vel_fw-la uti_fw-la discus_fw-la rotari_fw-la videatur_fw-la quibus_fw-la respondeo_fw-la multum_fw-la subtilibus_fw-la &_o laboriosis_fw-la rationibus_fw-la ista_fw-la perquiri_fw-la ut_fw-la veer_fw-la percipiaetur_fw-la utrum_fw-la ita_fw-la a_o non_fw-la ita_fw-la sit_fw-la quibus_fw-la ineundis_fw-la atque_fw-la tractandis_fw-la nec_fw-la mihi_fw-la jam_fw-la tempus_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la illis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la svam_fw-la è_fw-la sanctae_fw-la
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the_o person_n who_o i_o pray_v in_o elder_a time_n can_v have_v find_v out_o this_o mystery_n and_o thus_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v thrice_o repeat_v in_o psal._n 67._o 7._o god_n even_o our_o god_n shall_v bless_v we_o god_n shall_v bless_v we_o etc._n etc._n which_o at_o first_o may_v seem_v a_o pleonasme_n and_o superfluous_a repetition_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o david_n do_v there_o set_v out_o the_o benediction_n of_o several_a person_n employ_v to_o wit_n the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n innumerable_a example_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o sacred_a leave_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o will_v say_v with_o 6._o david_n psal._n 92._o oh_o lord_n how_o glorious_a be_v thy_o work_n thy_o thought_n be_v very_o deep_a a_o unwiseman_n know_v not_o and_o a_o fool_n do_v not_o understand_v these_o thing_n these_o be_v the_o particular_n that_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o offer_v as_o a_o divine_a concern_v the_o 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his_o geometrical_a demonstration_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n iii_o his_o letter_n and_o consideration_n touch_v the_o draining_n of_o fen_n diversion_n of_o river_n etc._n etc._n iu_o d._n corsinus_fw-la his_o relation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o inundation_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o thomas_n salusbury_n esq._n london_n print_v by_o william_n leybourne_n mdclxi_o of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n a_o excellent_a piece_n write_v in_o italian_a by_o don_n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o st._n benedetto_n aloysio_n and_o professor_n of_o the_o mathematics_n to_o pope_n urban_n viii_o in_o rome_n english_v from_o the_o three_o and_o best_a edition_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o second_o book_n not_o before_o extant_a by_o thomas_n salusbury_n london_n print_v by_o william_n leybourn_n 1661._o the_o author_n epistle_n to_o pope_n vrban_n viii_o i_o lay_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o your_o holiness_n these_o my_o 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the_o lake_n