command_v the_o mine_n to_o be_v stop_v up_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o very_a active_a principle_n or_o virtue_n that_o operate_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n but_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o know_v what_o that_o principle_n be_v because_o it_o operate_v in_o no_o determinate_a place_n but_o sometime_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cloud_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n avicena_n and_o albertus_n think_v the_o matter_n whereof_o stone_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o if_o the_o great_a part_n be_v water_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o liquor_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v earth_n than_o it_o be_v call_v dirt_n or_o clay_n that_o clay_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stone_n of_o must_v be_v tough_a and_o slimy_a such_o as_o brick_n pot_n and_o other_o earthen_a vessel_n be_v make_v of_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v consume_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o dirt_n it_o will_v not_o hang_v together_o but_o crumble_v into_o earth_n and_o dust_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o stone_n be_v very_o slimy_a the_o experience_n whereof_o we_o find_v in_o our_o own_o body_n the_o physician_n be_v general_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o reins_o and_o bladder_n of_o slimy_a tough_a humour_n bake_v hard_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n this_o opinion_n touch_v petrify_a liquor_n be_v confirm_v past_o all_o question_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a water_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n near_o unto_o guancavelica_n which_o they_o take_v and_o put_v into_o mould_n of_o what_o form_n and_o bigness_n they_o please_v and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o a_o few_o day_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v perfect_a stone_n and_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o it_o all_o the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v it_o die_v and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v the_o reason_n in_o a_o mountain_n call_v pacocava_n a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pajage_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o this_o liquor_n the_o colour_n whereof_o be_v whitish_a incline_v to_o yellow_a that_o as_o it_o run_v along_o condense_n into_o very_o hard_a and_o weighty_a stone_n of_o different_a shape_n moreover_o any_o porous_a substance_n that_o can_v suck_v this_o kind_n of_o liquor_n into_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o of_o those_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n and_o limb_n and_o bone_n of_o beast_n turn_v into_o hard_a stone_n in_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr plata_fw-la i_o have_v see_v stick_v of_o wood_n take_v out_o of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o much_o of_o which_o as_o have_v remain_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o very_o fine_a stone_n i_o see_v also_o the_o tooth_n and_o bone_n of_o giant_n that_o be_v dug_n up_o in_o tarija_n turn_v into_o heavy_a and_o hard_a stone_n stone_n have_v their_o substantial_a form_n which_o make_v they_o differ_v specifical_o yet_o because_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o in_o our_o definition_n we_o be_v fain_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v use_n of_o accident_n and_o property_n every_o several_a form_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v accompany_v with_o particular_a virtue_n as_o remarkable_a as_o those_o of_o animal_n or_o plant_n and_o proportion_v to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n nature_n take_v in_o its_o generation_n but_o because_o plant_n and_o animal_n be_v to_o have_v so_o different_a disposition_n and_o to_o produce_v such_o various_a and_o admirable_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v of_o so_o uniform_a and_o well_o mingle_v a_o temperament_n as_o the_o stone_n be_v nor_o be_v their_o soft_a and_o gentle_a substance_n capable_a to_o endure_v so_o much_o force_v as_o neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n fit_v for_o the_o produce_v variety_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o be_v find_v no_o leaf_n flower_n fruit_n hand_n nor_o foot_n as_o in_o plant_n and_o animal_n though_o they_o have_v a_o great_a virtue_n of_o another_o kind_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o stone_n one_o from_o another_o all_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v reducible_a under_o some_o of_o these_o five_o follow_a species_n 1._o if_o they_o be_v small_a very_o scarce_o and_o very_o hard_a of_o substance_n and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v call_v precious_a stone_n 2._o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n although_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o marble_n 3._o if_o in_o break_v they_o fall_v into_o splinter_n or_o scale_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o flint_n 4._o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o small_a grain_n they_o be_v pebble_n 5._o those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o the_o abovesaid_a qualification_n be_v rock_n or_o ordinary_a stone_n but_o the_o miner_n for_o the_o better_a distinction_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o stone_n wherein_o metal_n be_v engender_v use_v peculiar_a name_n for_o they_o for_o example_n a_o kind_n of_o stone_n like_o pebble_n which_o contain_v gold_n silver_n or_o any_o orhe_a metal_n they_o call_v guijos_n which_o breed_v a_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o other_o stone_n cachi_n another_o sort_n of_o stone_n white_a like_o alabaster_n soft_a and_o easy_a to_o break_v in_o piece_n be_v all_o this_o country_n call_v salt_n much_o lead_n be_v engender_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o metale_n paco_n which_o be_v the_o name_n the_o miner_n here_o give_v unto_o their_o silver_n oar._n chumpi_fw-la which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n be_v a_o stone_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o esmeril_n mix_v with_o iron_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o work_v because_o it_o resist_v the_o fire_n much_o it_o be_v find_v in_o potosi_n and_o chocaya_n and_o other_o place_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n and_o rosiclere_n lamacrudria_n be_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v close_o compact_v and_o solid_a and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o grain_n nor_o porousness_n when_o you_o break_v it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o sometime_o high_o colour_v as_o blood-red_a almaclaneta_fw-mi be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v another_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a of_o a_o dark_a colour_n always_o find_v in_o the_o company_n of_o rich_a metal_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v corrupt_v and_o rot_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v do_v in_o the_o govijos_n it_o grow_v upon_o the_o flint_n of_o the_o gold_n mine_n and_o those_o of_o copper_n and_o silver_n amolaclera_fw-la or_o whetstone_n be_v that_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o know_v to_o every_o body_n divers_a rich_a metal_n grow_v upon_o it_o but_o most_o common_o los_fw-es cobriscos_fw-la the_o vein_n of_o silver_n be_v rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o be_v find_v in_o pit-coal_n although_o it_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a bed_n for_o gold_n other_o stone_n that_o grow_v in_o mine_n or_o cleave_v unto_o the_o metal_n they_o call_v cique_n and_o also_o caxas_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a but_o not_o very_o hard_a nor_o very_o spungy_a and_o common_o have_v nothing_o of_o metal_n in_o they_o although_o in_o some_o rich_a mine_n they_o be_v infect_v with_o some_o little_a by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o oar._n the_o stone_n of_o potosi_n call_v vilacique_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n get_v out_o of_o they_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ingredient_n that_o make_v this_o province_n without_o comparison_n vila_n signify_v blood_n in_o peru_n or_o any_o red_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o streak_n of_o red_a this_o stone_n have_v in_o it_o they_o call_v it_o vilecique_n chap._n 14._o of_o precious_a stone_n precious_a stone_n be_v either_o transparent_a as_o the_o diamant_n be_v or_o obscure_a as_o the_o onyx_n or_o between_o both_o as_o the_o sandonyx_n and_o the_o jasper_n it_o be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o clearness_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o opacity_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o excel_v one_o the_o other_o in_o lustre_n and_o transparency_n be_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o humour_n congeal_v together_o to_o compose_v they_o which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o
above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o run_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n other_o such_o like_a sign_n they_o give_v we_o whereby_o to_o know_v those_o brook_n or_o river_n that_o have_v gold_n in_o they_o but_o with_o less_o reason_n because_o the_o gold_n be_v not_o engender_v there_o but_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o whence_o time_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o water_n have_v wear_v it_o away_o but_o without_o disparage_v the_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o have_v think_v as_o abovesaid_a and_o have_v write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o say_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o mine_n of_o europe_n and_o of_o these_o part_n experience_n have_v show_v the_o contrary_a which_o i_o foresee_v they_o will_v answer_v by_o say_v that_o oftentimes_o a_o effect_n be_v produce_v contrary_a to_o expectation_n and_o that_o these_o have_v their_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o other_o rule_n nevertheless_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o this_o other_o world_n and_o opposite_a climate_n to_o make_v new_a rule_n from_o the_o experience_n in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o potosi_n i_o shall_v assign_v the_o first_o place_n of_o riches_n and_o abundance_n to_o those_o vein_n that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n upon_o the_o northernside_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n with_o a_o very_a little_a declination_n westward_o the_o four_o principal_a mine_n of_o this_o mountain_n observe_v namely_o the_o mine_n of_o centeno_n which_o be_v the_o descubridora_n the_o rich_a mine_n the_o tin_n i_o and_o the_o mine_n of_o mendieta_n the_o second_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v to_o they_o that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o hill_n a_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n parallel_n whereunto_o run_v the_o best_a vein_n of_o the_o second_o famous_a mine_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n call_v oruro_n which_o in_o the_o richness_n of_o its_o vein_n abundance_n of_o metal_n depth_n of_o its_o mine_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o inhabitant_n deserve_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o grandeur_n of_o potosi_n in_o divers_a place_n very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n run_v east_n and_o west_n and_o also_o to_o several_a other_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o that_o the_o best_a rule_n to_o go_v by_o in_o this_o matter_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o metal_n as_o it_o discover_v itself_o and_o as_o long_o as_o one_o gain_n thereby_o or_o at_o least_o save_v himself_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v on_o because_o be_v sure_a to_o lose_v nothing_o one_o have_v the_o vein_n will_v lead_v he_o to_o great_a riches_n and_o if_o the_o vein_n be_v large_a and_o have_v any_o sign_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n in_o it_o although_o for_o the_o present_a it_o do_v not_o quit_v the_o cost_n man_n go_v on_o courageous_o in_o the_o work_n of_o it_o have_v such_o certain_a hope_n of_o gain_v great_a profit_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o experience_n in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n a_o fresh_a instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaia_n where_o for_o the_o instruction_n and_o encouragement_n of_o miner_n after_o have_v follow_v its_o vein_n forty_o year_n with_o very_o little_a profit_n at_o length_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o extravagant_a riches_n which_o all_o of_o we_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v hear_v and_o see_v if_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n be_v very_o small_a they_o must_v be_v extreme_a rich_a to_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v if_o the_o metal_n be_v find_v cling_v about_o stone_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o hollow_n of_o those_o stone_n it_o be_v find_v in_o grain_n like_o corn_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v that_o which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v plomo_n and_o be_v silver_n unrefined_a although_o these_o grain_n be_v but_o few_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metal_n have_v no_o silver_n in_o it_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o vein_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o more_o moisture_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o that_o great_a mine_n of_o st._n christopher_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o they_o call_v the_o poor_a man_n treasure_n if_o as_o they_o dig_v forward_o they_o meet_v with_o more_o abundance_n of_o those_o grain_n de_fw-fr plomo_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o rich_a oar_n be_v very_o near_o to_o find_v chrisocola_n herrumbre_fw-mi oropiment_n or_o sandaraca_n in_o the_o mine_n or_o iron-coloured_a earth_n next_o to_o the_o stone_n that_o enclose_v the_o oar_n or_o fullers-earth_n between_o those_o stone_n be_v very_o good_a token_n of_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o mine_n it_o be_v no_o ill_a sign_n also_o to_o meet_v with_o dry_a earth_n if_o it_o be_v yellow_a red_a black_a or_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a colour_n and_o it_o be_v the_o better_a when_o there_o be_v some_o show_n of_o lead_v mix_v with_o it_o chalky-ground_n be_v very_o promise_v and_o agricola_n do_v judge_v it_o a_o good_a sign_n to_o meet_v with_o sand_n in_o the_o mine_n if_o it_o be_v exceed_a fine_n and_o very_o ill_a to_o meet_v with_o earth_n full_a of_o little_a flint_n if_o it_o hold_v long_o without_o change_v into_o another_o soil_n chap._n 26._o of_o metal_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o gold_n the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o inanimate_a body_n and_o the_o most_o esteem_v of_o all_o metal_n be_v gold_n universal_o know_v and_o covet_v by_o all_o people_n it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o metal_n be_v as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v but_o of_o part_n so_o pure_a and_o perfect_a and_o so_o well_o compact_v togther_o by_o decoction_n that_o its_o substance_n be_v as_o it_o be_v incorruptible_a be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o of_o the_o element_n to_o be_v corrupt_v or_o destroy_v the_o fire_n that_o consume_v all_o other_o metal_n only_o make_v gold_n more_o pure_a the_o air_n and_o water_n diminish_v not_o its_o lustre_n nor_o can_v earth_n make_v it_o rust_n or_o waste_v by_o the_o nobleness_n of_o its_o substance_n it_o have_v most_o deserve_o obtain_v that_o estimation_n which_o the_o world_n give_v it_o and_o the_o natural_a virtue_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o admirable_a equality_n of_o its_o composition_n be_v the_o best_a medicine_n against_o melancholy_n and_o the_o great_a cordial_n to_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o perpetual_o run_v after_o this_o avaritious_a metal_n as_o the_o needle_n do_v after_o the_o loadstone_n the_o quality_n that_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o metal_n have_v be_v brief_o touch_v in_o chapter_n 21._o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o aurum_fw-la potabile_fw-la to_o preserve_v a_o body_n perpetual_o in_o youthfulness_n without_o infirmity_n together_o with_o the_o receipt_n of_o make_v thereof_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o those_o author_n who_o have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o many_o writer_n upon_o this_o subject_n relate_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a country_n mountain_n and_o river_n famous_a for_o the_o production_n of_o gold_n but_o my_o design_n be_v not_o to_o be_v over-large_a and_o therefore_o i_o not_o only_o forbear_v to_o translate_v what_o other_o man_n have_v write_v but_o also_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o this_o new_a world_n even_o those_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o province_n of_o peru_n and_o only_o apply_v myself_o to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o short_a account_n of_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o royal_a audiencia_fw-la de_fw-fr los_fw-es charcas_fw-es the_o government_n whereof_o be_v worthy_o commit_v unto_o the_o care_n of_o your_o lordship_n every_o body_n know_v the_o name_n of_o carabaya_n for_o be_v a_o country_n store_v with_o plenty_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n as_o fine_a as_o the_o fine_a gold_n of_o arabia_n it_o be_v of_o the_o ley_z of_o 23_o corrat_n and_o three_o grain_n and_o although_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n thereof_o have_v be_v and_o daily_o be_v get_v thence_o yet_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o work_v again_o afresh_o and_o follow_v the_o vein_n of_o it_o under_o ground_n whereas_o hitherunto_o they_o have_v only_o gather_v up_o the_o fragment_n of_o it_o which_o be_v wash_v off_o by_o the_o rain_v the_o province_n of_o larecaja_n border_n upon_o carabaya_n and_o abound_v with_o gold_n which_o in_o divers_a brook_n of_o that_o country_n be_v find_v in_o form_n and_o colour_n like_o unto_o small_a shot_n which_o be_v melt_v and_o its_o outward_a coat_n and_o mixture_n consume_v away_o become_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n he_o that_o find_v this_o first_o do_v not_o know_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n until_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o i_o discover_v it_o tell_v he_o so_o next_o
silver_n those_o very_a ancient_a mine_n of_o andacava_n be_v admire_v by_o all_o miner_n for_o their_o vast_a depth_n and_o admirable_a contrivance_n and_o plenty_n of_o oar_n which_o be_v such_o as_o promise_v continual_a employment_n for_o half_a the_o indian_n of_o this_o kingdom_n those_o of_o tobacco_n nunio_n be_v near_o unto_o a_o lake_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n have_v such_o wonderful_a and_o costly_a engine_n appertain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o build_n of_o they_o have_v consume_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o treasure_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o lake_n contain_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v make_v a_o run_a river_n all_o the_o year_n long_o with_o which_o there_o go_v day_n and_o night_n a_o hundred_o silver_n mill_n which_o grind_v the_o oar_n which_o be_v get_v from_o its_o own_o bank_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o potosi_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o guariguare_n caricari_fw-la piquiza_n la_fw-fr vera_fw-la cruz_n sipoto_n and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v farm_n of_o mine_n of_o great_a fame_n nam_o that_o of_o st._n isabel_n of_o new_a potosi_n the_o name_n whereof_o do_v not_o more_o predicate_v its_o beauty_n than_o do_v the_o amenity_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o oar_n that_o be_v find_v there_o la_fw-fr trinidad_n be_v a_o wonderful_a rich_a mine_n there_o be_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o esmoruco_n el_fw-es bonete_n which_o they_o call_v so_o because_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v like_o a_o bonnet_n xanquegua_n the_o new_a world_n which_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o my_o time_n yield_v very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n namely_o abilcha_fw-mi todo_fw-es santos_n osloque_n st._n christoval_n de_fw-fr achocalia_n sabalcha_n montes_n claros_fw-la and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o chicas_n be_v st._n vincent_n tatasi_n monserrat_n esmoraca_n tasna_n sbina_n chorolque_fw-fr old_a and_o new_a chocaya_n which_o to_o the_o shame_n and_o astonishment_n of_o the_o miner_n have_v be_v now_o last_o of_o all_o find_v out_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o all_o peru._n chap._n 28._o continue_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n touch_v the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n beside_o the_o rich_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n which_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o eternize_v its_o name_n and_o the_o other_o mine_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v round_o about_o it_o have_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o yaco_n or_o the_o mountain_n of_o miracle_n those_o of_o st._n pedro_n de_fw-fr bvena_fw-es vista_fw-la and_o those_o of_o malcocota_n there_o be_v silver_n oar_n also_o find_v near_o unto_o cayanta_n and_o also_o in_o paccha_n and_o tarabuco_n not_o far_o from_o chuquisaca_n and_o in_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o panna_n stand_v the_o three_o great_a mountain_n st._n christoval_n pie_n de_fw-fr gallo_n and_o la_fw-fr flamenca_n which_o together_o make_v up_o those_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v of_o oruro_n that_o famous_a town_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o oruro_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o avicaya_n berenguela_n cicacica_n la_fw-fr hoya_n y_fw-fr colloquiri_n which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o tin_n yet_o now_o and_o then_o in_o follow_v the_o vein_n thereof_o they_o meet_v with_o rich_a oar_n of_o silver_n which_o they_o call_v lipta_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n be_v the_o rich_a mine_n of_o berenguela_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o santa_n juana_n tampaya_n and_o other_o and_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n there_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o choquepina_n pacocava_n tiaguanaco_n and_o divers_a other_o brief_o all_o these_o province_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o continue_a mine_n and_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o mine_n be_v open_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o more_o know_v unto_o the_o indian_n which_o they_o crafty_o have_v conceal_v from_o we_o till_o this_o present_a there_o be_v a_o certain_a tradition_n in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o incomparable_a rich_a mine_n belong_v to_o the_o village_n of_o chaqui_n four_o league_n from_o this_o imperial_a city_n although_o at_o present_a the_o sight_n of_o it_o be_v not_o know_v divers_a indian_n have_v kill_v themselves_o out_o of_o obstinacy_n that_o they_o may_v not_o discover_v it_o there_o go_v no_o less_o fame_n of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr los_fw-es encomenderos_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o name_n be_v give_v it_o divers_a year_n ago_o by_o the_o indian_n who_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o that_o mine_n give_v that_o treasure_n unto_o two_o spaniard_n who_o they_o dispatch_v away_o into_o spain_n as_o their_o agent_n they_o be_v two_o brother_n of_o the_o surname_n of_o tapias_n whereupon_o this_o rich_a province_n be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o crown_n while_o i_o be_v curate_n of_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v with_o many_o of_o the_o country_n people_n that_o tell_v i_o they_o have_v help_v to_o load_v and_o conduct_v that_o riches_n unto_o the_o port_n of_o arica_n where_o it_o be_v put_v on_o shipboard_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o abovesaid_a report_n be_v true_a although_o at_o present_a that_o i_o remain_v undiscovered_a which_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o wonder_n at_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o mine_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o that_o province_n have_v be_v find_v out_o and_o first_o take_v say_v of_o by_o the_o spaniard_n themselves_o without_o light_v upon_o any_o one_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whereof_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v former_o very_o rich_a one_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o choice_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o oar_n which_o indian_n have_v give_v i_o without_o discover_v whence_o they_o have_v they_o and_o the_o very_a street_n of_o the_o town_n when_o i_o be_v curate_n there_o be_v full_a of_o small_a grain_n of_o rich_a oar_n which_o i_o sweep_v up_o and_o make_v profit_n of_o it_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o julloma_n in_o the_o pacage_n the_o indian_n ancient_o have_v wrought_v mine_n which_o at_o this_o day_n remain_v undiscovered_a it_o have_v be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o plate_n which_o they_o call_v corriente_a that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v buy_v up_o among_o this_o people_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v get_v there_o some_o of_o the_o remainder_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o silver_n these_o ground_n together_o with_o the_o colour_n and_o beauty_n of_o the_o mountain_n make_v one_o rational_o to_o suspect_v that_o country_n to_o be_v fertile_a of_o rich_a metal_n but_o it_o be_v more_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o caquingora_n in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n because_o i_o have_v see_v stone_n of_o rich_a oar_n pick_v out_o of_o the_o pave_v of_o their_o street_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n the_o same_o report_n go_v also_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n town_n and_o a_o constant_a fame_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n each_o of_o the_o party_n have_v their_o particular_a mine_n chap._n 29._o of_o copper_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o the_o sulphureous_a part_n do_v predominate_a in_o the_o composition_n of_o copper_n and_o from_o their_o distemper_a heat_n rise_v the_o fiery_a colour_n of_o that_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v melt_v it_o smell_v more_o of_o brimston_n than_o any_o other_o metal_n and_o because_o it_o be_v over-burnt_a in_o its_o composition_n therefore_o it_o be_v less_o subject_n to_o injury_n or_o corruption_n by_o the_o air_n earth_n or_o water_n as_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n coal_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o such_o like_a accident_n they_o use_v copper_n about_o engine_n of_o long_a duration_n because_o it_o never_o rust_v as_o steel_n and_o iron_n do_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v high_o esteem_v by_o the_o ancient_n who_o make_v the_o bolt_n and_o nail_n of_o their_o ship_n their_o weapon_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o this_o metal_n which_o also_o we_o find_v in_o use_n among_o the_o native_n of_o this_o kingdom_n copper_n be_v engender_v in_o mineral_n stone_n of_o divers_a colour_n although_o ever_o the_o most_o predominant_a colour_n be_v blue_a or_o green_a it_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o oftentimes_o in_o follow_v a_o vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o nest_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n but_o it_o be_v more_o familiar_a to_o have_v its_o vein_n change_v into_o silver_n and_o those_o vein_n of_o copper_n that_o make_v any_o show_n above_o ground_n common_o prove_v very_o rich_a as_o they_o be_v dug_n deep_o and_o consequent_o be_v more_o moist_a the_o mine_n of_o osloque_n in_o the_o lip_n be_v at_o the_o top_n in_o
a_o manner_n all_o copper_n and_o every_o spade_n depth_n as_o they_o dig_v downward_o the_o oar_n grow_v more_o rich_a in_o silver_n until_o it_o come_v to_o be_v pure_a silver_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n where_o the_o water_n increase_v to_o a_o man_n height_n hinder_v they_o from_o prosecute_n be_v far_a riches_n what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v a_o token_n of_o the_o affinity_n between_o the_o matter_n of_o composition_n of_o these_o metal_n and_o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a purification_n be_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o they_o there_o be_v many_o mine_n of_o copper_n in_o these_o province_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o mine_n whereout_o silver_n have_v be_v take_v have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o it_o which_o for_o the_o colour_n sake_n they_o call_v negrillo_n so_o that_o how_o many_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v so_o many_o mine_n there_o be_v whence_o copper_n may_v be_v get_v also_o beside_o there_o be_v mine_n of_o copper_n only_o from_o the_o very_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o there_o be_v divers_a ridge_n of_o hill_n about_o potosi_n that_o be_v full_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o mine_n although_o most_o of_o the_o copper_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o town_n have_v be_v get_v from_o the_o farm_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr laganillas_n and_o now_o be_v get_v from_o that_o of_o yura_n in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a old_a work_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o mountain_n scapi_fw-la two_o league_n from_o chuyca_n there_o be_v another_o also_o wherein_o there_o be_v copper-mettal_n like_o wire_n weave_v a_o league_n from_o sabalcha_n in_o the_o high_a way_n to_o colcha_fw-mi and_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v find_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o province_n yet_o no_o where_o be_v the_o success_n so_o prosperous_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o pereira_n and_o its_o confine_n until_o you_o come_v to_o guatacondo_n in_o atachama_n there_o be_v very_o large_a vein_n of_o copper_n some_o of_o they_o run_v unto_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o tumble_v down_o the_o cliff_n in_o great_a massy_a lump_n of_o this_o metal_n in_o the_o chicas_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o take_v up_o with_o silver_n it_o be_v full_a of_o copper_n mine_n and_o not_o far_o from_o esmoraca_n they_o get_v of_o this_o metal_n weave_v like_o wire_n or_o machacado_fw-it as_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o there_o be_v also_o very_o rich_a copper_n in_o oroncota_n and_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o tarabuco_n many_o pit_n and_o copper-work_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v to_o be_v see_v it_o be_v find_v likewise_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o charcas_n particular_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o maoha_n copoata_fw-la and_o chayanta_n and_o in_o paria_fw-la near_o unto_o oruro_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n the_o hill_n adjoin_v to_o the_o silver_n i_o call_v el_fw-es turco_n be_v full_a of_o copper_n near_o unto_o curaguara_n de_fw-fr palages_n there_o be_v many_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whence_o they_o get_v copper_n machacado_fw-it or_o like_o wire_n weave_v together_o in_o the_o high_a way_n between_o potosi_n and_o julloma_n one_o see_v many_o vein_n of_o copper_n also_o a_o league_n from_o callapa_n in_o the_o road_n that_o go_v to_o the_o city_n paz_n one_o cross_n some_o large_a vein_n of_o it_o not_o far_o from_o caquingora_n there_o be_v divers_a stately_a work_n and_o much_o copper_n machacado_fw-it upon_o a_o white_a chalk_n within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o league_n from_o julloma_n near_o unto_o the_o high_a way_n that_o go_v to_o calacoto_n in_o hill_n of_o dry_a clay_n i_o find_v branch_n or_o small_a vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n like_v unto_o fine_a gold_n whereof_o i_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o which_o be_v scatter_v about_o above_o ground_n there_o be_v of_o this_o metal_n machacado_fw-it in_fw-it choquepina_n near_o unto_o berenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n and_o several_a work_n and_o virgin_n vein_n in_o the_o high_a way_n from_o calacoto_n to_o potosi_n half_o a_o league_n before_o one_o arrive_v there_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o province_n chap._n 30._o of_o iron_n iron_n although_o it_o be_v not_o the_o most_o precious_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o metal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v it_o have_v do_v in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o great_a nature_n have_v make_v it_o so_o hard_a by_o put_v over_o much_o earthy_a part_n or_o fix_a sulphur_n in_o its_o composition_n although_o it_o have_v also_o a_o sufficient_a portion_n of_o humidity_n or_o quicksilver_n so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o very_a violent_a heat_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n it_o do_v not_o break_v into_o small_a piece_n as_o hard_a stone_n do_v but_o receive_v impression_n thereby_o dilate_v and_o extend_v itself_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n cold_a and_o dry_a but_o more_o porous_a than_o other_o and_o therefore_o weigh_v less_o and_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o rust_v and_o decay_v in_o the_o wet_a especial_o in_o salt-water_n which_o penetrate_v most_o it_o waste_v in_o the_o fire_n also_o every_o time_n it_o be_v heat_n fall_v off_o in_o scale_n because_o it_o want_v humidity_n proportionable_a to_o its_o earthiness_n if_o when_o it_o be_v red_a hot_a it_o be_v quench_v in_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v become_v very_o brittle_a because_o the_o heat_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a do_v there_o prey_n upon_o and_o consume_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a moisture_n which_o make_v it_o tough_a and_o malleable_a these_o fertile_a province_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o this_o also_o though_o none_o employ_v their_o labour_n to_o seek_v it_o out_o or_o work_v it_o because_o here_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n about_o which_o they_o be_v industrious_a to_o great_a profit_n and_o in_o truck_v for_o it_o they_o buy_v abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a iron_n of_o biscay_n this_o proceed_n be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o when_o one_o consider_v the_o abundance_n of_o copperas_n alum_n quicksilver_n and_o other_o mineral_n which_o be_v yearly_o bring_v from_o spain_n to_o these_o indies_n where_o the_o same_o commodity_n may_v be_v get_v in_o such_o abundance_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v not_o only_o the_o occasion_n of_o these_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o spain_n its_o self_n and_o of_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o oroncota_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o iron_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v encourage_v by_o the_o look_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fair_a appearance_n of_o the_o oar_n they_o find_v follow_v a_o large_a vein_n of_o metal_n hope_v that_o it_o be_v silver_n and_o bring_v i_o some_o of_o the_o oar_n to_o ensay_v it_o the_o which_o i_o do_v and_o undeceive_v they_o by_o tell_v they_o it_o be_v iron_n the_o same_o have_v happen_v in_o other_o vein_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n plicomayo_n five_o leagus_n from_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la although_o that_o oar_n have_v some_o copper_n mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v not_o pure_a iron_n as_o that_o of_o oroncota_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o ancorayme_v a_o town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o omasuyo_n there_o be_v noble_a mine_n wrought_v former_o by_o the_o ingas_n of_o so_o great_a fame_n that_o it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a one_o make_v a_o journey_n purposely_o to_o see_v they_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a colour_n although_o there_o be_v find_v together_o with_o it_o much_o oar_n that_o sparkle_v and_o shine_v if_o you_o rub_v piece_n of_o the_o dark_a oar_n together_o it_o produce_v a_o very_a fine_a blood_n colour_n like_o that_o of_o the_o hemmotite_n to_o who_o species_n undoubted_o it_o belong_v and_o be_v full_a of_o iron_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o many_o ensay_v it_o be_v possible_a the_o indian_n follow_v vein_n of_o rich_a metal_n in_o these_o mine_n which_o hitherto_o we_o have_v not_o meet_v withal_o or_o because_o iron_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o they_o dig_v this_o oar_n to_o fit_v it_o to_o their_o gun_n stone-bow_n and_o sling_n it_o be_v not_o inferior_a in_o weight_n or_o hardness_n to_o our_o iron_n bullet_n they_o do_v make_v use_n of_o these_o in_o their_o war_n and_o call_v they_o higuaye_v in_o oruro_n hard_o by_o the_o silver_n mine_n of_o santa_n brigida_n in_o the_o hollow_a between_o the_o hill_n there_o be_v a_o vein_n of_o iron_n of_o which_o out_o of_o curiosity_n and_o for_o example_n only_o when_o i_o be_v
in_o that_o town_n i_o see_v several_a iron_n keys_n make_v the_o metal_n which_o they_o call_v chumbri_n take_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o chocaya_n in_o this_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n and_o other_o have_v much_o iron_n in_o they_o and_o doubtless_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o iron_n in_o many_o other_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n although_o the_o people_n do_v not_o regard_v or_o seek_v after_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o miner_n in_o their_o ordinary_n ensay_v meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n chap._n 31._o of_o lead_n lead_v be_v a_o very_a common_a and_o know_v metal_n there_o be_v no_o silver_n mine_n where_o much_o of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o oar_n but_o have_v some_o mixture_n of_o lead_n in_o it_o nature_n have_v qualify_v it_o with_o abundance_n of_o humidity_n that_o it_o may_v be_v serviceable_a in_o the_o melt_a of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o without_o the_o help_n of_o lead_n burn_v away_o and_o consume_v in_o the_o fire_n before_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o full_a perfection_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o moisture_n it_o do_v easy_o evaporate_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o melt_v carry_v along_o with_o it_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o gold_n or_o silver_n and_o therefore_o its_o self_n be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v like_a unto_o gold_n in_o weight_n and_o unto_o silver_n in_o colour_n be_v melt_v togther_o with_o they_o it_o not_o only_o facilitate_v the_o sound_n and_o refine_v they_o but_o separate_v the_o copper_n from_o they_o as_o shall_v hereafter_o in_o its_o place_n be_v show_v and_o therefore_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o art_n of_o sound_v of_o metal_n the_o whiteness_n of_o it_o show_v the_o abundance_n of_o humidity_n or_o impure_a quicksilver_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v which_o the_o chemist_n in_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n do_v easy_o separate_v from_o it_o it_o neither_o diminish_v nor_o corrupt_v by_o the_o air_n or_o water_n like_o iron_n but_o rather_o increase_v both_o in_o weight_n and_o quantity_n as_o very_o good_a author_n do_v affirm_v notwithstanding_o other_o do_v say_v that_o sheet_n of_o lead_n expose_v to_o the_o weather_n do_v waste_n and_o consume_v and_o have_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o goodly_a building_n cover_v therewith_o it_o be_v rare_o find_v mingle_v with_o gold_n most_o common_o with_o silver_n and_o sometime_o with_o copper_n the_o oar_n in_o which_o lead_n be_v engender_v be_v call_v in_o this_o country_n soroche_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v black_a full_a of_o hole_n and_o sparkle_a other_o piece_n of_o it_o they_o call_v muertos_n because_o it_o do_v not_o sparkle_v nor_o be_v spongy_a other_o they_o call_v oques_fw-la which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v fraylescos_n because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o friar_n coat_n there_o have_v be_v no_o silver_n mine_v discover_v in_o all_o this_o kingdom_n wherein_o some_o lead_n have_v not_o be_v find_v in_o which_o regare_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o enumerate_v the_o several_a place_n that_o afford_v this_o metal_n although_o most_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o the_o chicas_n have_v abound_v therein_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v found_v so_o much_o metal_n in_o this_o province_n the_o mine_n of_o andacava_n be_v lead_n and_o silver_n also_o but_o because_o that_o oar_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v separate_v by_o quicksilver_n and_o there_o be_v not_o wood_n enough_o near_o the_o place_n to_o melt_v it_o down_o this_o mine_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n continue_v hitherunto_o yield_v but_o a_o very_a small_a profit_n below_o the_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n as_o far_o as_o its_o shadow_n reach_v in_o that_o part_n call_v desibicos_n there_o be_v many_o vein_n of_o lead_n with_o a_o very_a little_a silver_n mix_v in_o it_o the_o like_a also_o there_o be_v within_o the_o shadow_n of_o st._n christoval_n de_fw-fr oruro_n chap._n 32._o of_o tin_n the_o metal_n which_o we_o call_v tin_n divers_a call_v white_a lead_n particular_o they_o give_v it_o this_o name_n that_o separate_a silver_n and_o copper_n in_o which_o operation_n some_o tin_n come_v forth_o as_o shall_v be_v say_v in_o its_o place_n which_o be_v know_v by_o its_o whiteness_n and_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v when_o one_o either_o bite_v or_o break_v it_o common_a tin_n be_v beget_v from_o the_o same_o principle_n as_o lead_n be_v but_o more_o fine_a and_o better_o purify_v whence_o it_o become_v more_o hard_a and_o white_a although_o from_o the_o ill_a mixture_n of_o its_o substance_n it_o be_v say_v to_o stutter_v and_o make_v a_o noise_n as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v the_o poison_n of_o metal_n and_o make_v they_o brittle_a that_o have_v the_o least_o mixture_n of_o it_o because_o its_o incorporation_n with_o any_o metal_n alter_v the_o equal_a temper_n it_o have_v before_o and_o impede_v its_o ductibility_n only_o it_o do_v not_o infect_v lead_n in_o this_o manner_n because_o the_o exceed_a great_a softness_n and_o humidity_n thereof_o penetrate_v into_o and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o ill_a temper_a substance_n of_o the_o tin_n so_o that_o unite_v together_o they_o remain_v ductile_a and_o malleable_a the_o vein_n of_o tin_n be_v not_o find_v in_o every_o place_n that_o one_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o yet_o these_o rich_a province_n be_v not_o whole_o destitute_a of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o farm_n of_o mine_n name_v the_o colquiri_n not_o far_o from_o the_o hill_n of_o st._n philip_n de_fw-fr austria_n de_fw-fr oruro_n which_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o tin_n that_o have_v be_v get_v there_o wherewith_o they_o have_v furnish_v all_o this_o kingdom_n in_o follow_v the_o vein_n whereof_o as_o have_v be_v advertise_v before_o many_o time_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o rich_a parcel_n of_o silver_n near_o unto_o chayanta_n in_o the_o charcas_n there_o be_v another_o mine_n whence_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o they_o get_v abundance_n of_o tin_n not_o far_o from_o carabuco_n a_o village_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o great_a lake_n chucuito_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o province_n of_o larecaja_n there_o be_v tin_n mine_n also_o which_o the_o indian_n wrought_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n and_o the_o spaniard_n continue_v to_o work_v still_o those_o vein_n be_v very_o large_a and_o rich_a in_o tin_n and_o many_o time_n among_o it_o they_o meet_v with_o silver_n but_o all_o of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o copper_n which_o make_v the_o tin_n more_o sightly_o and_o durable_a the_o fame_n of_o these_o rich_a vein_n give_v i_o the_o curiosity_n to_o see_v they_o be_v desirous_a that_o no_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n shall_v escape_v my_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o pie_n de_fw-fr gallo_n de_fw-fr oruro_n there_o be_v much_o tin_n although_o few_o know_v it_o and_o all_o neglect_v the_o work_n of_o it_o because_o they_o find_v not_o the_o silver_n there_o which_o they_o expect_v one_o of_o the_o four_o principal_a vein_n of_o this_o famous_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n be_v call_v the_o tin_n mine_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o tin_n that_o be_v at_o first_o find_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o dig_v deep_o it_o all_o turn_v into_o silver_n and_o in_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n bernard_n where_o i_o officiate_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n off_o or_o a_o little_a more_o there_o be_v rich_a vein_n of_o tin_n which_o upon_o my_o discovery_n your_o lordship_n go_v in_o person_n to_o visit_v whereby_o as_o by_o other_o of_o your_o noble_a proceed_n you_o have_v give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o those_o that_o be_v industrious_a in_o the_o work_n of_o mine_n which_o have_v so_o eminent_o increase_v the_o royal_a revenue_n and_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o people_n chap._n 33._o of_o quicksilver_n quicksilver_n be_v a_o mineral_n very_o well_o know_v of_o a_o liquid_a substance_n and_o fluid_a like_o water_n it_o be_v natural_o viscous_a very_o subtle_a and_o abound_v in_o humidity_n whence_o it_o obtain_v the_o quality_n of_o be_v very_o heavy_a and_o shine_v bright_a and_o of_o be_v very_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v general_o think_v notwithstanding_o some_o do_v affirm_v it_o to_o be_v very_o hot_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtle_a effect_n and_o penetrate_a quality_n that_o it_o have_v whereby_o it_o run_v through_o not_o only_a flesh_n but_o the_o hard_a bone_n and_o also_o because_o sublimate_v mercury_n which_o substantial_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o quicksilver_n though_o alter_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o those_o mineral_n wherewith_o it_o be_v boil_v and_o sublimate_v and_o
i_o learn_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v this_o from_o one_o that_o have_v get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n by_o grind_v the_o lump_n over_o again_o although_o he_o do_v not_o take_v out_o all_o the_o plate_n because_o he_o ground_n they_o in_o a_o ordinary_a mill_n who_o hammer_n can_v not_o beat_v it_o so_o small_a as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v for_o the_o lump_n either_o slip_v away_o from_o under_o the_o hammer_n or_o be_v uneven_a one_o defend_v the_o other_o from_o the_o stroke_n to_o have_v good_a sives_z and_o care_n in_o lift_v they_o up_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n to_o this_o matter_n but_o not_o a_o full_a remedy_n after_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o oar_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v of_o rich_a metal_n be_v the_o best_a gather_v up_o of_o lump_n to_o regrind_v if_o they_o burn_v the_o lump_n they_o will_v yield_v more_o flour_n because_o some_o of_o the_o lump_n will_v calcine_v and_o be_v smooth_a and_o other_o will_v swell_v and_o grow_v more_o spongy_a whereby_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o hammer_n will_v have_v better_a effect_n upon_o they_o i_o do_v use_v another_o way_n of_o preparation_n by_o boil_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o which_o i_o do_v hold_v more_o proper_a to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o refination_n by_o quicksilver_n put_v the_o oar_n ground_n and_o searse_v into_o a_o skillet_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o if_o it_o be_v already_o incorporate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o ready_a for_o wash_v then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n upon_o it_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o ladle_n or_o hand-mill_n whereby_o all_o the_o fine_a will_v swim_v a_o top_n and_o the_o gross_a and_o ill_a ground_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n take_v away_o the_o fine_a with_o a_o ladle_n put_v it_o in_o the_o melt_a pot_n and_o boil_v it_o grind_v the_o grosser_n part_n again_o in_o a_o mill_n or_o a_o mortar_n until_o it_o become_v all_o meal_n if_o i_o desire_v to_o make_v a_o xove_v of_o the_o fine_a sort_n after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o refine_n i_o must_v mingle_v some_o pure_a sand_n therewith_o that_o it_o may_v swell_v and_o want_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o that_o kind_n of_o oar_n use_v to_o be_v accompany_v withal_o chap._n vii_o touch_v the_o burn_a of_o oar._n the_o burn_v of_o oar_n be_v useful_a for_o two_o purpose_n viz._n 1._o that_o it_o may_v grind_v the_o better_a 2._o that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o better_a disposition_n for_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o lay_v hold_n of_o and_o incorporate_v itself_o with_o the_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o be_v plain_a and_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o latter_a since_o they_o order_v all_o the_o negrillo_n or_o black_a oar_n in_o that_o manner_n but_o general_o not_o understand_v the_o reason_n thereof_o and_o certain_o in_o all_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n nothing_o be_v practise_v so_o much_o by_o guess_n or_o chance_n and_o without_o know_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o as_o this_o be_v refiner_n will_v say_v they_o burn_v the_o oar_n to_o clear_v it_o of_o ill_a quality_n not_o apprehend_v that_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o fire_n enough_o they_o shall_v quite_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o that_o according_a as_o they_o burn_v it_o more_o the_o worse_o condition_v be_v the_o oar_n and_o needs_o the_o help_n of_o some_o other_o material_a to_o prevent_v that_o all_o the_o silver_n and_o quicksilver_n too_o that_o be_v in_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v there_o be_v but_o one_o enemy_n natural_o opposite_a unto_o quicksilver_n as_o have_v be_v say_v already_o and_o that_o be_v the_o copperas_n and_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o useless_a for_o the_o vanquish_a that_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o multiply_v and_o increase_v it_o and_o if_o the_o oar_n have_v no_o copperas_n in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o fire_n will_v beget_v and_o produce_v it_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v by_o experiment_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o negrillos_n or_o black_a oar_n in_o which_o the_o fire_n increase_v the_o copperas_n so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o use_v other_o material_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o to_o repair_v that_o damage_n although_o if_o they_o have_v thorough_o understand_v this_o matter_n they_o may_v have_v cheap_a and_o easy_a do_v it_o by_o wash_v the_o oar_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o until_o it_o be_v clear_v of_o all_o the_o copperas_n the_o ignorance_n of_o which_o remedy_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a waste_n and_o loss_n other_o disease_n of_o oar_n do_v not_o direct_o injure_v the_o quicksilver_n only_o by_o the_o varnish_n and_o glassy_a quality_n which_o they_o give_v they_o hinder_v the_o plate_n and_o quicksilver_n from_o incorporate_n and_o make_v a_o mass_n together_o and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o burn_v the_o oar_n so_o long_o until_o it_o change_v colour_n and_o lose_v the_o lustre_n and_o sparkle_a that_o it_o have_v to_o know_v the_o oar_n that_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v burn_v if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refine_v by_o quicksilver_n the_o lustre_n and_o shine_a aforesaid_a be_v a_o certain_a sign_n the_o fire_n will_v not_o prejudice_v that_o oar_n they_o call_v paco_n and_o if_o it_o have_v any_o mixture_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a impediment_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v burn_v chap._n viii_o touch_v the_o damage_n that_o result_v from_o the_o burn_a of_o oar._n man_n have_v hitherto_o proceed_v by_o chance_n as_o it_o be_v and_o without_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n contain_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o oar_n have_v judge_v he_o the_o best_a refiner_n that_o have_v get_v most_o silver_n by_o one_o operation_n leave_v it_o doubtful_a whether_o any_o more_o or_o no_o be_v to_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o oar_n especial_o in_o the_o negrillos_fw-la and_o oar_n that_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o burn_a this_o doubt_n have_v be_v great_a there_o be_v less_o certainty_n here_o where_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v much_o the_o great_a and_o from_o hence_o man_n have_v find_v no_o less_o inconvenience_n by_o mistake_v on_o the_o one_o hand_n than_o on_o the_o other_o wherefore_o this_o manner_n of_o preparation_n have_v be_v esteem_v as_o dangerous_a as_o profitable_a with_o skill_n and_o curiosity_n one_o may_v observe_v many_o wonder_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o oar_n the_o part_n of_o iron_n and_o brimstone_n which_o common_o accompany_v the_o oar_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fire_n be_v convert_v into_o vitriol_n or_o green_a copperas_n this_o afterward_o be_v turn_v into_o fine_a copper_n again_o the_o copper_n calcine_v dissolve_v in_o water_n like_o salt_n the_o which_o strain_v and_o evaporate_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n coagulate_v into_o another_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n or_o blue_a copperas_n like_v unto_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o stone_n lip_n and_o be_v of_o admirable_a virtue_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o almost_o all_o metal_n into_o copper_n the_o purity_n of_o silver_n itself_o do_v not_o excuse_v it_o from_o be_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o metamorphosis_n for_o if_o the_o oar_n have_v in_o it_o any_o alum_n copperas_n saltpetre_n or_o nitre_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v calcine_v the_o silver_n so_o that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o not_o be_v lay_v hold_v on_o by_o quicksilver_n without_o use_v some_o new_a artifice_n and_o even_o salt_n alone_o as_o it_o grow_v incorporate_v in_o the_o oar_n or_o mingle_v with_o it_o in_o the_o fire_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o shall_v appear_v evident_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n chap._n ix_o experiment_n which_o prove_v the_o damage_n by_o the_o burn_a of_o oar_n if_o they_o be_v not_o know_v and_o remedy_v grin_v a_o piece_n of_o oar_n that_o have_v copper_n or_o iron_n in_o it_o and_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n try_v if_o there_o be_v any_o copperas_n in_o it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v clear_v the_o oar_n of_o it_o by_o wash_v of_o it_o and_o after_o it_o be_v dry_a burn_v it_o well_o and_o put_v it_o into_o water_n again_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v much_o copperas_n anew_o produce_v by_o the_o fire_n the_o refiner_n daily_o do_v this_o with_o their_o hand_n although_o they_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o although_o this_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v every_o body_n yet_o for_o great_a confirmation_n of_o this_o secret_a to_o grind_v oar_n of_o copper_n or_o iron_n and_o melt_v it_o into_o thin_a plate_n and_o grind_v some_o sulphur_n and_o in_o a_o crusiple_n or_o earthen_a pot_n unglaze_v put_v a_o lare_fw-la of_o that_o sulphur_n and_o upon_o that_o lie_v
already_o say_v of_o the_o material_n namely_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v trial_n of_o before_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o caxon_n that_o by_o these_o lesser_a ensay_v it_o may_v be_v know_v what_o proportion_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o caxon_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o kintal_n it_o shall_v contain_v for_o if_o the_o proportion_n do_v exceed_v another_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v be_v produce_v thereby_o namely_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n xix_o in_o prosecution_n of_o the_o chapter_n forego_v a_o accident_n contrary_a to_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o occasion_n of_o great_a waste_n of_o quicksilver_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o lead_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o it_o be_v affect_v with_o no_o other_o material_a of_o inconvenience_n but_o only_o that_o discolouration_n and_o the_o damage_n be_v the_o great_a if_o the_o discolour_n have_v proceed_v from_o copperas_n and_o that_o there_o be_v much_o quicksilver_n divide_v and_o run_v loose_a about_o quicksilver_n squeeze_v out_o of_o the_o lump_n be_v very_o round_a and_o lively_a if_o it_o be_v divide_v the_o part_n of_o it_o although_o never_o so_o small_a do_v not_o run_v into_o a_o cylindrical_a figure_n but_o into_o a_o spherical_a this_o mischief_n be_v cure_v by_o the_o contrary_a material_n which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o cleave_v unto_o the_o quicksilver_n nevertheless_o the_o medicine_n which_o by_o its_o particular_a quality_n attraction_n and_o natural_a sympathy_n cure_v this_o evil_n be_v iron_n which_o reunit_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o gather_v it_o together_o into_o a_o body_n after_o it_o be_v dissolve_v corrupt_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n turn_v into_o another_o substance_n by_o the_o copperas_n which_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o wash_v the_o caxones_n no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v what_o quantity_n of_o material_n to_o put_v into_o the_o caxones_n that_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o operation_n because_o the_o mischief_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o this_o general_a rule_n must_v be_v observe_v that_o they_o do_v not_o repass_v the_o caxon_n with_o quicksilver_n till_o they_o have_v first_o ensay_v a_o small_a quantity_n thereof_o and_o thereby_o have_v understand_v what_o be_v necessary_a after_o that_o let_v they_o take_v a_o three_o or_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o caxon_n and_o mingle_v that_o with_o the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o the_o material_n and_o stir_v it_o well_o together_o till_o it_o be_v very_o well_o mix_v and_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o then_o mix_v this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o caxon_n stir_v they_o very_o well_o together_o for_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o medicine_n will_v be_v best_a and_o with_o most_o equality_n distribute_v in_o the_o caxon_n especial_o if_o the_o medicine_n to_o be_v put_v in_o be_v very_o small_a in_o quantity_n have_v a_o care_n to_o use_v the_o mean_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o avoid_v fall_v into_o the_o first_o inconvenience_n of_o overcharge_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o remedy_v the_o second_o mischief_n with_o all_o possible_a speed_n because_o otherwise_o the_o copperas_n will_v transform_v the_o quicksilver_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o be_v quite_o eat_v up_o and_o consume_v when_o ensay_v the_o caxon_n the_o quicksilver_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o purummia_n vessel_n divide_v it_o in_o small_a grain_n not_o run_v together_o in_o a_o lump_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n the_o refination_n be_v imperfect_a and_o that_o some_o little_a hairyness_n or_o crisp_v encompass_v the_o pellet_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o hinder_v they_o unite_n the_o want_n of_o material_n be_v common_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o or_o else_o the_o overmuch_o allay_v of_o other_o metal_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o plate_n attract_v the_o quicksilver_n itself_o repass_n the_o relabillo_n burn_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o sharp_a cut_a quality_n be_v profitable_a to_o cleanse_v the_o quicksilver_n some_o put_v in_o ash_n but_o the_o most_o proper_a and_o natural_a remedy_n for_o it_o be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v millo_n or_o alum_n which_o make_v the_o silver_n white_a and_o be_v very_o ordinary_o to_o be_v have_v in_o great_a abundance_n among_o the_o mine_n here_o at_o potosi_n and_o in_o guaico_n de_fw-fr santiago_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n that_o run_v continual_o with_o this_o alum_n water_n when_o the_o caxon_n have_v not_o be_v repassed_a equal_o or_o not_o serve_v with_o as_o much_o quicksilver_n as_o be_v necessary_a or_o in_o some_o place_n do_v not_o unite_v itself_o with_o other_o part_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n that_o have_v get_v plate_n already_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v that_o they_o call_v dry_a plate_n in_o ensay_v you_o shall_v see_v it_o swim_v upon_o the_o relabes_fw-la crisp_v like_o froth_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o scim_v off_o and_o save_v before_o the_o cleanse_v the_o caxon_n it_o will_v swim_v at_o the_o top_n and_o run_v away_o with_o the_o lamas_n to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o he_o that_o owe_v the_o oar_n if_o the_o quicksilver_n dry_a have_v nevertheless_o material_n sufficient_a with_o it_o it_o be_v no_o inconvenience_n at_o all_o because_o it_o will_v unite_v one_o with_o another_o the_o better_a or_o else_o that_o part_n which_o the_o material_a possess_v be_v waste_v away_o the_o other_o moist_a part_n remain_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o unite_v itself_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pellet_n that_o dry_a plate_n which_o want_v material_n can_v safe_o be_v gather_v together_o by_o loose_a quicksilver_n until_o the_o caxon_n be_v ready_a for_o cleanse_v the_o proper_a remedy_n for_o this_o be_v to_o repass_v the_o caxon_n with_o pellet_n of_o silver_n not_o over_o small_a so_o shall_v the_o dry_a plate_n be_v collect_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lie_v also_o if_o there_o be_v any_o there_o chap._n xx._n how_o to_o know_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o caxon_n be_v ready_a for_o wash_v there_o can_v no_o certain_a time_n be_v prefix_v wherein_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o wash_v the_o caxones_n it_o be_v maturity_n be_v hasten_v by_o frequent_a repassing_n by_o the_o outward_a heat_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o inward_a heat_n of_o the_o copper_n or_o copperas_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o virtue_n and_o such_o as_o clear_v and_o purify_v the_o silver_n a_o principal_a cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o burn_a of_o metal_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o work_n of_o refine_v be_v prolong_v and_o slacken_v by_o few_o repassing_n if_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a or_o frost_n if_o the_o caxon_n be_v over_o foul_a that_o the_o quicksilver_n lose_v its_o clearness_n in_o pass_v through_o but_o let_v pass_v these_o and_o other_o accident_n let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o gather_v out_o the_o clear_a silver_n mix_v with_o quicksilver_n leave_v the_o earth_n behind_o which_o be_v call_v wash_v the_o caxon_n whereunto_o no_o small_a experience_n be_v necessary_a for_o if_o the_o caxon_n be_v not_o ripe_a for_o wash_v that_o plate_n which_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v not_o lay_v hold_v on_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v utter_o lose_v or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o it_o must_v be_v ground_n over_o again_o so_o that_o at_o least_o one_o lose_v much_o time_n and_o labour_n and_o silver_n too_o in_o the_o repassing_n beside_o other_o hazard_n the_o rule_v hitherto_o deliver_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o caxon_n be_v subject_a to_o very_o great_a error_n such_o as_o it_o be_v appear_v so_o well_o to_o sight_n as_o if_o there_o be_v need_n of_o no_o more_o quicksilver_n to_o find_v the_o lie_v of_o the_o plate_n all_o gather_v together_o and_o finish_v and_o that_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n beginning_n to_o come_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o quicksilver_n be_v clear_a and_o gild_a as_o it_o be_v with_o other_o sign_n all_o of_o which_o do_v not_o secure_v the_o judgement_n from_o be_v erroneous_a because_o these_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o other_o accident_n beside_o the_o maturity_n of_o the_o caxon_n the_o only_a sure_a and_o infallible_a sign_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v get_v all_o the_o plate_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n show_v by_o the_o lesser_a ensay_n of_o fire_n which_o be_v make_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o if_o it_o have_v not_o arrive_v to_o that_o although_o it_o have_v many_o more_o good_a sign_n than_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v wash_v not_o the_o caxon_n but_o take_v more_o small_a ensay_v thereof_o whereby_o you_o shall_v easy_o prove_v what_o plate_n it_o contain_v and_o what_o remedy_n be_v necessary_a to_o bring_v it_o to_o full_a perfection_n which_o when_o it_o be_v attain_v and_o the_o refine_a substance_n alone_o
contain_v the_o aforesaid_a proportion_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o pellet_n strew_v some_o quicksilver_n loose_a upon_o it_o and_o therewith_o gentle_o repass_v it_o two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o may_v go_v into_o the_o copper_n better_o bathe_v in_o the_o proportion_n of_o three_o part_n pellet_n and_o two_o of_o quicksilver_n or_o at_o least_o two_o of_o pellet_n and_o one_o of_o quicksilver_n then_o gather_v up_o some_o of_o the_o lie_v that_o remain_v and_o put_v it_o to_o the_o dry_a plate_n and_o to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o pellet_n whereby_o they_o will_v be_v more_o weighty_a and_o sink_v better_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cauldron_n and_o will_v rise_v and_o waste_v less_o in_o the_o boil_a throw_v quicksilver_n also_o loose_a into_o the_o cauldron_n which_o they_o call_v a_o bath_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v liquid_a incorporate_v therewith_o that_o which_o the_o caxon_n contain_v and_o it_o will_v help_v to_o unite_v it_o the_o better_a and_o the_o more_o quicksilver_n there_o be_v the_o few_o inequality_n like_o oyster_n shell_n will_v be_v produce_v chap._n xxi_o that_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o caxones_n cause_v the_o loss_n and_o waste_n of_o quicksilver_n all_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v and_o have_v be_v find_v in_o the_o waste_n of_o quicksilver_n which_o they_o term_v either_o loss_n or_o consumption_n of_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o wash_n the_o caxons_n until_o than_o nothing_o have_v be_v lose_v however_o one_o may_v be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v by_o the_o view_n even_o in_o occasion_n that_o have_v sometime_o happen_v and_o may_v happen_v again_o that_o they_o find_v neither_o quicksilver_n nor_o pellet_n of_o incorporate_a metal_n in_o the_o caxon_n for_o accident_n alone_o as_o have_v be_v say_v can_v alter_v the_o quicksilver_n so_o as_o to_o corrupt_v and_o destroy_v its_o substance_n in_o the_o caxon_n it_o be_v howsoever_o more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o get_v out_o inperceptible_o with_o the_o water_n or_o with_o the_o lamas_n the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o this_o mischief_n be_v when_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v make_v over_o thin_a without_o body_n or_o weight_n as_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o have_v nothing_o to_o sink_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cauldron_n and_o with_o the_o stir_v the_o caxon_n when_o they_o wash_v it_o it_o mix_v itself_o with_o the_o dregs_n and_o dirt_n and_o go_v along_o with_o they_o and_o there_o want_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o put_v in_o at_o first_o according_a to_o their_o better_a or_o worse_o stir_v the_o caxon_n and_o quantity_n of_o lis._n it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a error_n in_o those_o that_o because_o for_o so_o many_o year_n the_o best_a refiner_n in_o these_o kingdom_n have_v waste_v at_o the_o least_o so_o much_o quicksilver_n as_o they_o have_v get_v plate_n therefore_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v real_o and_o true_o consume_v in_o the_o operation_n not_o animadvert_v the_o evidence_n to_o the_o contrary_a which_o continual_o pass_v through_o their_o hand_n nam_o in_o the_o lamas_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o caxon_n where_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v oftentimes_o stay_v behind_o accompany_v with_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o plate_n which_o the_o owner_n of_o oar_n have_v experiment_a to_o their_o great_a damage_n and_o the_o buyer_n and_o refiner_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o caxon_n to_o their_o great_a profit_n and_o advantage_n other_o speak_v philosophical_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n proceed_v from_o the_o contention_n and_o combat_n which_o it_o have_v with_o contrary_a quality_n before_o it_o can_v lay_v hold_n on_o the_o plate_n and_o that_o thereby_o it_o be_v debilitate_a and_o consume_v these_o man_n say_v something_o to_o the_o purpose_n if_o they_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a quality_n that_o be_v between_o quicksilver_n and_o other_o metal_n between_o who_o there_o be_v rather_o a_o great_a sympathy_n &_o agreement_n quicksilver_n be_v the_o principal_a whereof_o all_o other_o metal_n be_v make_v and_o also_o of_o the_o mineral_n that_o ordinary_o do_v accompany_v they_o but_o if_o these_o man_n can_v prove_v the_o cause_n neither_o will_v the_o effect_n which_o they_o suppose_v namely_o the_o destruction_n of_o quicksilver_n follow_v and_o there_o be_v certain_a experience_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v a_o way_n how_o to_o recover_v all_o the_o quicksilver_n even_o out_o of_o the_o caxon_n that_o be_v most_o spoil_v in_o operation_n and_o so_o most_o difficult_a to_o do_v it_o in_o chap._n xxii_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o their_o remedy_n the_o repassing_n be_v the_o remote_a cause_n of_o waste_v of_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v thereby_o strain_v and_o divide_v into_o very_o small_a part_n which_o they_o call_v lis_n and_o although_o into_o whatsoever_o oar_n earth_n or_o sand_n you_o throw_v quicksilver_n and_o repass_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o effect_n aforesaid_a yet_o it_o be_v most_o of_o all_o experiment_a in_o those_o oar_n which_o be_v call_v soroche_n which_o by_o their_o weight_n and_o glassy_a quality_n do_v more_o easy_o cut_v asunder_o and_o divide_v the_o quicksilver_n into_o minute_n part_n copperas_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n a_o violent_a cause_n of_o extenuate_v the_o quicksilver_n as_o have_v be_v often_o say_v and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o waist_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n that_o have_v be_v destroy_v there_o be_v other_o cause_n which_o accompany_v and_o assist_v the_o two_o former_a in_o work_v this_o ill_a effect_n one_o be_v the_o salt_n which_o they_o use_v in_o refine_v and_o wherewith_o they_o wash_v the_o caxones_n which_o every_o body_n know_v thicken_v water_n whereby_o not_o only_o the_o small_a lis_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o also_o heavy_a thing_n swim_v and_o can_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o lamas_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o water_n and_o trouble_v it_o in_o the_o cauldron_n thickness_n it_o and_o do_v yet_o more_o resist_v the_o sink_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o stay_v and_o be_v throw_v away_o together_o with_o it_o last_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o instrument_n wherewith_o they_o stir_v the_o caxon_n when_o they_o wash_v it_o by_o condense_v the_o force_n of_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a hinder_v the_o lis_n from_o sink_v and_o crowd_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n the_o ordinary_a repassing_n in_o this_o way_n of_o refine_v can_v be_v whole_o excuse_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o if_o the_o rule_v already_o teach_v be_v careful_o observe_v the_o damage_n will_v be_v the_o less_o likewise_o already_o have_v be_v show_v the_o way_n to_o clear_a oar_n from_o the_o copperas_n and_o to_o clear_v the_o margagita_n from_o their_o heavy_a and_o glassy_a quality_n salt_n may_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o caxones_n two_o several_a way_n and_o preserve_v for_o use_v to_o the_o save_n of_o many_o ducat_n a_o year_n now_o common_o spend_v in_o that_o commodity_n put_v the_o oar_n into_o caxones_n make_v smooth_a and_o round_a on_o the_o inside_n without_o corner_n or_o angle_n as_o be_v often_o use_v let_v they_o stand_v a_o little_a sloop_n only_o so_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o the_o water_n may_v run_v to_o one_o part_n of_o it_o where_o there_o must_v be_v a_o hole_n for_o it_o to_o run_v out_o at_o in_o convenient_a season_n but_o ordinary_o keep_v stop_v when_o the_o caxon_n be_v ready_a for_o wash_v fill_v it_o with_o abundance_n of_o water_n open_v and_o stir_v about_o the_o oar_n with_o the_o have_v that_o the_o water_n may_v penetrate_v through_o it_o the_o better_a and_o have_v do_v so_o a_o pretty_a while_n open_v the_o hole_n and_o let_v the_o water_n out_o into_o a_o vessel_n provide_v on_o purpose_n to_o receive_v it_o where_o it_o will_v either_o congeal_v into_o salt_n or_o remain_v in_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v will_v be_v serviceable_a for_o the_o operation_n of_o other_o caxones_n repeat_v this_o two_o or_o three_o time_n until_o the_o water_n that_o come_v out_o do_v not_o taste_v brackish_a if_o the_o caxon_n be_v to_o have_v be_v wash_v in_o three_o caldron_n wash_v it_o in_o six_o whereby_o the_o water_n will_v come_v out_o twice_o as_o clear_v and_o with_o very_o little_a mud_n or_o sediment_n the_o pestle_n wherewith_o they_o stir_v the_o caxon_n must_v not_o be_v use_v always_o in_o the_o same_o hand_n because_o the_o cricle_n go_v constant_o parallel_v the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o dry_a plate_n go_v along_o together_o with_o they_o and_o never_o encounter_v one_o another_o to_o unite_v themselves_o into_o a_o big_a body_n that_o they_o may_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o after_o five_o or_o six_o turn_n with_o the_o right_a hand_n take_v as_o
many_o more_o of_o the_o left_a and_o so_o proceed_v and_o because_o this_o can_v so_o convenient_o be_v do_v in_o the_o ordinary_a wash_a place_n put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n a_o thing_n like_o a_o broad_a peel_n which_o opposite_a to_o the_o course_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o pestle_n may_v disturb_v the_o march_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o dry_a plate_n and_o cause_v all_o the_o content_a of_o the_o vessel_n to_o meet_v and_o unite_v except_v that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n because_o of_o the_o bath_n which_o it_o be_v to_o suffer_v cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o plate_n of_o copper_n or_o iron_n quicksilvered_a to_o which_o side_n soever_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o lis_n come_v it_o may_v stick_v thereunto_o when_o the_o caxon_n be_v wash_v the_o lis_n be_v easy_o get_v together_o by_o sweep_v the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o shoe_n leather_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o hat_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n chap._n xxiii_o to_o make_v the_o pine_n apple_n and_o to_o clear_v they_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v take_v the_o plate_n and_o quicksilver_n together_o out_o of_o the_o cauldron_n and_o strain_v it_o through_o two_o course_n clothes_v wet_v to_o make_v they_o the_o thick_a have_v beat_v it_o also_o with_o a_o battledoor_n to_o squeeze_v as_o much_o quicksilver_n through_o the_o clothes_n as_o be_v possible_a make_v pine_n apple_n of_o the_o dry_a pellet_n in_o mould_n fit_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o be_v call_v pine_n apple_n from_o their_o similitude_n to_o that_o fruit_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o pyramidal_a figure_n and_o of_o those_o pine_n that_o have_v be_v reasonable_o well_o strain_v the_o five_o part_n will_v be_v silver_n so_o that_o one_o hundred_o pound_n of_o pellet_n will_v produce_v twenty_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n the_o pine_n that_o be_v make_v of_o rich_a oar_n arise_v to_o less_o profit_n than_o those_o that_o be_v make_v of_o poor_a because_o the_o plate_n in_o the_o rich_a oar_n be_v more_o course_n and_o spongy_a than_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o strain_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n though_o never_o so_o careful_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o silver_n will_v go_v along_o with_o it_o and_o the_o more_o in_o quantity_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o moisture_n there_o be_v in_o the_o pellet_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o strain_v they_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v see_v in_o water_n mix_v with_o clay_n which_o although_o it_o be_v strain_v with_o never_o so_o much_o care_n will_v not_o look_v clear_a and_o pure_a but_o muddy_a and_o trouble_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o mixture_n with_o the_o dirt_n and_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v the_o more_o dirt_n strain_n through_o along_o with_o it_o let_v it_o stand_v quiet_o a_o while_n it_o will_v settle_v and_o gather_v itself_o together_o and_o leave_v the_o water_n clear_a in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o preserve_v the_o quicksilver_n after_o they_o have_v do_v refine_n and_o make_v the_o pine_n apple_n after_o a_o few_o day_n the_o pellet_n of_o silver_n will_v settle_v and_o gather_v into_o a_o body_n together_o in_o the_o refine_n work_n of_o saint_n catherines_n in_o the_o lip_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o keep_v their_o quicksilver_n i_o see_v as_o much_o plate_n get_v of_o the_o kind_a aforesaid_a as_o will_v have_v make_v a_o good_a great_a pine_n apple_n if_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v heat_v it_o become_v thin_a and_o will_v carry_v away_o more_o silver_n in_o the_o strain_n also_o when_o the_o pellet_n be_v strain_v that_o be_v get_v by_o boil_v although_o it_o be_v do_v with_o very_a much_o care_n yet_o plate_n will_v pass_v along_o with_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o if_o you_o will_v let_v it_o stand_v a_o day_n time_n to_o cool_v and_o settle_v and_o strain_v it_o again_o you_o will_v get_v more_o pellet_n of_o silver_n the_o loss_n in_o clear_v the_o oar_n again_o from_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v be_v great_a and_o irrecoverable_a as_o may_v be_v guess_v from_o the_o experiment_n thereof_o in_o this_o imperial_a city_n at_o this_o present_a when_o the_o trade_n in_o metal_n run_v but_o low_a and_o yet_o communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la above_o thirty_o thousand_o piece_n of_o eight_o be_v waste_v by_o the_o expense_n of_o quicksilver_n how_o vast_a a_o sum_n than_o have_v be_v spend_v by_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o many_o other_o very_o rich_a mine_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n this_o inconvenience_n have_v proceed_v from_o want_n of_o care_n in_o see_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o caperucas_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o vessel_n they_o use_v in_o the_o recover_v the_o quicksilver_n be_v make_v of_o very_o good_a stuff_n and_o shut_v curious_o close_a in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o join_v together_o the_o clay_n whereof_o usual_o they_o be_v make_v be_v very_o spongy_a and_o full_a of_o pore_n so_o that_o the_o water_n soak_v through_o and_o sweat_v out_o at_o they_o than_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o quicksilver_n attenuate_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o widen_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o vessel_n also_o evaporate_v through_o the_o same_o and_o be_v exhale_v and_o lose_v to_o say_v that_o any_o part_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v destroy_v or_o perish_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v only_o the_o imagination_n of_o those_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o uniformity_n of_o its_o substance_n as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o make_v the_o caperucas_n and_o canon_n of_o such_o stuff_n as_o you_o make_v the_o crusiple_n and_o that_o inconvenience_n will_v cease_v and_o the_o vessel_n will_v last_v for_o ever_o because_o they_o be_v so_o mighty_o condense_v and_o resist_v the_o fire_n unless_o some_o accidental_a blow_n or_o knock_n do_v break_v they_o in_o that_o noble_a town_n of_o saint_n phillipi_n of_o austria_n oruro_n famous_a for_o abundance_n of_o mine_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n which_o stand_v above_o the_o church_n of_o the_o ranqueria_n there_o be_v a_o little_a vein_n of_o white_a earth_n whereof_o they_o make_v vessel_n for_o use_n which_o after_o they_o be_v bake_v become_v so_o close_a and_o firm_a that_o they_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o best_a china_n i_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v trial_n and_o publish_v the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o for_o the_o make_n of_o crusiple_n with_o very_a good_a success_n to_o those_o that_o have_v need_n of_o they_o and_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o there_o be_v such_o kind_n of_o earth_n about_o this_o city_n of_o potosi_n where_o nothing_o have_v be_v find_v want_v that_o any_o wise_a belong_v to_o the_o obtain_n or_o refine_n of_o that_o abundance_n of_o riches_n which_o nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o it_o although_o hitherunto_o much_o business_n and_o a_o short_a time_n of_o abode_n here_o have_v hinder_v i_o from_o find_v of_o it_o out_o but_o where_o such_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v want_v mingle_v the_o clay_n whereof_o you_o make_v these_o vessel_n the_o better_a with_o the_o scum_n or_o dross_n of_o iron_n ground_n very_o fine_a and_o make_v it_o up_o and_o bake_v it_o very_o well_o and_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o much_o quicksilver_n lose_v in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o as_o be_v by_o those_o now_o in_o common_a use_n the_o canon_n must_v be_v glaze_v on_o the_o inside_n the_o caperucas_n not_o because_o the_o violent_a heat_n will_v melt_v the_o glaze_a and_o make_v it_o run_v chap._n xxiv_o other_o safe_a way_n of_o clear_v the_o pine_n apple_n from_o quicksilver_n the_o best_a vessel_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n or_o copper_n beat_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o eight_o or_o somewhat_o thin_a and_o for_o more_o security_n that_o the_o vessel_n may_v the_o better_o endure_v the_o fire_n they_o cover_v the_o copper_n vessel_n with_o a_o coat_n of_o good_a earthen_a ware_n on_o the_o outside_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o some_o people_n begin_v to_o use_v these_o copper_n vessel_n case_v with_o earthen_a ware_n and_o leave_v they_o off_o again_o because_o they_o understand_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o nor_o how_o to_o use_v they_o the_o like_a happen_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chickas_n who_o case_v their_o refine_n vessel_n as_o abovesaid_a because_o they_o hear_v that_o in_o their_o neighbourhood_n in_o the_o lip_n i_o be_v work_v after_o that_o manner_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o mistake_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o discourse_n which_o follow_v the_o short_a best_a and_o most_o secure_a way_n of_o clear_v the_o pine_n apple_n from_o quicksilver_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n make_v a_o deep_a vessel_n of_o iron_n wide_a at_o the_o top_n than_o at_o