earth_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o composition_n which_o do_v afford_v matter_n for_o the_o unctuosity_n to_o astringe_v therefore_o stone_n be_v get_v of_o gross_a earth_n by_o the_o coalition_n of_o this_o humour_n which_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v not_o that_o the_o two_o other_o element_n to_o wit_n the_o fire_n and_o the_o air_n must_v be_v separate_v from_o their_o mixtion_n if_o so_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n be_v true_a that_o every_o mix_a thing_n do_v consist_v of_o four_o element_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o metal_n or_o mineral_n be_v two_o heat_n and_o cold_a heat_n persist_v in_o the_o matter_n do_v diduce_fw-la moisture_n and_o unctuosity_n of_o â—…errene_a substance_n by_o certain_a tender_a part_n and_o so_o do_v coct_v and_o digest_v and_o perfect_o mingle_v the_o portion_n of_o the_o several_a element_n but_o especicial_o of_o water_n and_o earth_n and_o so_o purge_v they_o from_o all_o the_o excrementitious_a part_n and_o at_o last_o do_v prepare_v that_o matter_n right_o to_o produce_v the_o form_n of_o a_o stone_n and_o so_o cold_a at_o length_n do_v condensate_a it_o with_o its_o astrictiveness_n &_o expel_v all_o its_o superabundant_a humour_n and_o so_o indurate_a it_o into_o a_o stone_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o cold_a rather_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o corruption_n than_o generation_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a in_o animate_v body_n but_o in_o inanimate_v to_o wit_n in_o meteor_n and_o metal_n coldness_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o generation_n yet_o it_o may_v further_o be_v object_v if_o stone_n do_v coalesce_v from_o coldness_n it_o follow_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o they_o must_v melt_v by_o heat_n and_o so_o be_v resolve_v but_o that_o can_v be_v aâ—…â—…erefore_o nor_o the_o former_a i_o anâ—…wer_v stone_n can_v be_v melt_v by_o heat_n alone_o without_o the_o affusion_n of_o some_o other_o humour_n because_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o exquisite_a &_o natural_a commixture_n of_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n that_o they_o refuse_v liquation_n by_o their_o contrary_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o action_n of_o their_o external_a faculty_n without_o the_o sympathy_n of_o some_o familiar_a quality_n b_o according_a to_o the_o divers_a and_o various_a subtlety_n of_o the_o matter_n whether_o pure_a or_o impure_a crass_a viscous_a or_o the_o like_a stones_z both_o pure_a and_o impure_a noble_a and_o ignoble_a be_v engender_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o stone_n and_o gem_n and_o here_o a_o objection_n will_v arise_v whether_o precious_a stone_n may_v change_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n generation_n gem_n because_o of_o their_o noble_a fulgour_fw-la and_o transparency_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o persist_v of_o earth_n which_o be_v dusky_a and_o blackish_a a_o enemy_n to_o such_o pulchritude_n whence_o many_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o gem_n be_v partaker_n equal_o of_o celestial_a fire_n and_o water_n and_o from_o they_o to_o receive_v their_o fulgour_fw-la and_o crystalline_a clearness_n but_o we_o must_v know_v that_o gem_n also_o do_v consist_v of_o certain_a earthly_a matter_n but_o not_o obscure_a but_o subtle_a mix_v with_o a_o waterish_a humidity_n well_o coct_v and_o temper_v for_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o logician_n do_v vary_v the_o dignity_n of_o thing_n but_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sun_n coct_v better_a and_o strong_a the_o matter_n of_o stone_n in_o oriental_a region_n make_v the_o gem_n and_o stone_n both_o more_o excellent_a and_o precious_a another_o question_n will_v here_o arise_v whether_o stone_n do_v differ_v in_o form_n and_o species_n we_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_a with_o this_o one_o undeniable_a reason_n divers_a action_n and_o virtue_n do_v arise_v from_o divers_a form_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a action_n in_o divers_a stone_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n the_o assumption_n be_v prove_v because_o one_o stone_n resist_v poison_n another_o discuss_n swell_n another_o draw_v iron_n which_o be_v indeed_o divers_a effect_n c_z pliny_n relate_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o pumice_n that_o it_o be_v get_v of_o fruit_n some_o of_o bay_n some_o of_o thyme_n beyond_o the_o column_n of_o hereule_n which_o be_v transform_v into_o the_o pumice_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v not_o strangâ—…_n why_o the_o pumice_n cast_v into_o the_o water_n do_v swim_v when_o it_o be_v make_v of_o porous_a and_o rare_a matter_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v its_o levity_n from_o its_o matter_n and_o will_v not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o water_n but_o that_o for_o use_n be_v account_v the_o best_a which_o be_v candid_a light_a and_o very_o spongious_a the_o flower_n of_o it_o according_a to_o theophrastus_n do_v take_v away_o drunkenneâ—…s_v d_o a_o gemm_n proper_o be_v the_o sprout_v or_o bud_n of_o a_o tree_n fair_a and_o round_o bunch_v out_o at_o the_o first_o out_o of_o bunâ—…s_n and_o chief_o of_o vine_n and_o so_o those_o precious_a stone_n which_o reâ—…mble_v this_o form_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v gem_n because_o they_o respond_v thereunto_o in_o figure_n and_o form_n but_o the_o virtue_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o gem_n be_v wonderful_a if_o we_o may_v believe_v cardan_n some_o say_v he_o be_v effectual_a in_o prolong_v life_n other_o available_a in_o love_n in_o obtain_v riches_n some_o for_o divination_n other_o for_o consolation_n some_o for_o wisdom_n other_o for_o good_a fortune_n some_o work_n effect_n to_o make_v man_n dull_a other_o joyful_a some_o sad_a other_o fearful_a some_o do_v resist_v poison_n other_o help_v the_o concoction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n and_o liver_n but_o concern_v the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n read_v scaliger_n exer._n 106._o but_o heaven_n no_o doubt_n have_v infuse_v into_o gem_n many_o admirable_a property_n and_o virtue_n concern_v which_o hermes_n trismegistus_n have_v sufficient_o treat_v e_z but_o why_o do_v the_o adamant_n preserve_v its_o substance_n whole_a against_o the_o weighty_a stroke_n of_o the_o hammer_n and_o furious_a flame_n of_o of_o the_o fire_n yet_o suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v dissolve_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o goat_n there_o be_v some_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n who_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o occult_a property_n at_o all_o but_o go_v about_o to_o manifest_v every_o thing_n by_o plain_a reason_n therefore_o they_o judge_v goat_n blood_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o analogy_n which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n common_a to_o pierce_v the_o adamant_n but_o say_v scaliger_n what_o other_o thing_n be_v that_o anology_n of_o its_o common_a principle_n than_o a_o occult_a property_n no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a miracle_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o it_o shall_v pierce_v so_o hard_a a_o body_n no_o man_n well_o can_v demonstrate_v f_o the_o carbuncle_n come_v from_o the_o eastern_a region_n shine_v like_a to_o white_a cloud_n but_o because_o it_o have_v golden_a spot_n it_o be_v reckon_v by_o some_o among_o gem_n g_z of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n first_o that_o which_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a they_o call_v pyropus_fw-la second_o that_o which_o be_v put_v in_o a_o black_a vessel_n shine_v water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o three_o that_o be_v the_o base_a which_o glister_v only_o when_o the_o light_n shine_v h_n achates_n be_v of_o so_o many_o various_a kind_n that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v credit_v to_o be_v one_o stone_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a red_a yellowish_a cineritious_a green_a dark_a blue_a insomuch_o that_o this_o one_o answer_n to_o all_o the_o colour_n of_o other_o gem_n ay_o albertus_n magnus_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v try_v this_o that_o if_o this_o stone_n be_v hang_v about_o the_o neck_n it_o roborate_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o be_v incredible_a for_o by_o its_o frigidity_n it_o constringe_n the_o spirit_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v relate_v that_o if_o it_o be_v hang_v about_o the_o belly_n it_o hinder_v venery_n whereupon_o the_o indian_n everywhere_o preserve_v themselves_o k_o whether_o crystal_n be_v glass_n be_v a_o subtle_a controversy_n between_o cardan_n and_o scaliger_n he_o deny_v it_o upon_o this_o reason_n because_o glass_n be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o fire_n but_o crystal_n not_o unless_o for_o several_a day_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o vehement_a fire_n and_o be_v continual_o blow_v therefore_o crystal_n can_v never_o be_v glass_n scaliger_n answer_v glass_n that_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o hardness_n of_o a_o stone_n be_v as_o yet_o water_n and_o therefore_o easy_o dissolvable_a by_o fire_n because_o it_o be_v but_o congeal_v with_o a_o little_a cold_a but_o when_o it_o be_v concrete_v and_o congeal_v by_o a_o diuturnal_a cold_a insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v obtain_v the_o perfect_a form_n and_o hardness_n of_o a_o stone_n it_o will_v not_o easy_o melt_v or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o it_o be_v generate_v oftentimes_o under_o the_o earth_n
with_o the_o earth_n where_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v the_o seed_n will_v soon_o erupt_v not_o only_o excite_v thereunto_o by_o the_o innate_a heat_n of_o the_o seed_n as_o the_o extreme_a calidity_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o seed_n of_o palm_n if_o infuse_v and_o macerate_v in_o water_n before_o its_o sation_n it_o soon_o sprout_n e_z theophrastus_n say_v that_o experience_n teach_v that_o certain_a plant_n do_v grow_v without_o seed_n and_o that_o some_o have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o earth_n where_o none_o be_v sow_v or_o plant_v before_o he_o instance_n in_o laserpitium_n which_o sometime_o have_v be_v see_v in_o africa_n and_o never_o find_v before_o in_o the_o same_o place_n some_o of_o the_o philosopher_n do_v inquire_v out_o the_o seminal_a cause_n of_o these_o plant_n anaxagoras_n judge_v the_o air_n to_o convey_v the_o seed_n from_o some_o other_o place_n and_o there_o to_o fix_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n other_o judge_v it_o to_o happen_v by_o the_o inundation_n and_o conflux_n of_o water_n whereby_o seed_n be_v convey_v from_o some_o place_n to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o remote_a and_o although_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o speak_v altogether_o foolish_o as_o without_o reason_n yet_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v question_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o many_o plant_n however_o have_v be_v find_v to_o grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o any_o seed_n as_o polypody_n of_o the_o oak_n as_o we_o see_v certain_a little_a animal_n to_o have_v their_o original_n by_o accident_n as_o lice_n worm_n and_o other_o infect_v that_o be_v generate_v by_o accident_n f_o it_o be_v a_o question_n deserve_v solution_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o insected_a part_n of_o plant_n do_v live_v long_o then_o if_o they_o have_v remain_v whole_a nay_o and_o be_v thereby_o propogate_v whereas_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o animal_n for_o if_o their_o part_n be_v cut_v they_o perish_v for_o we_o see_v that_o bough_n pluck_v from_o their_o stock_n and_o plant_n pluck_v up_o by_o the_o root_n to_o grow_v and_o be_v thereby_o propagate_v but_o with_o animal_n after_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n ear_n arm_z leg_n or_o their_o part_n forthwith_o they_o die_v i_o answer_v that_o plant_n do_v long_o survive_v after_o their_o section_n if_o again_o plant_v or_o engraft_v because_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o soul_n insit_v and_o that_o diffuse_a through_o all_o and_o every_o part_n and_o beside_o they_o have_v scatter_v abroad_o their_o native_a heat_n the_o individual_a companion_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o their_o humidity_n which_o be_v lend_v and_o crass_a and_o therefore_o less_o dissipable_a through_o all_o the_o part_n by_o which_o two_o principle_n they_o live_v and_o undergo_v all_o the_o function_n of_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o part_n of_o a_o plant_n sejoyn_v from_o its_o stock_n be_v say_v to_o live_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o matrix_fw-la as_o it_o be_v of_o plant_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v correllative_a in_o the_o whole_a and_o every_o part_n and_o to_o beget_v a_o root_n or_o take_v root_a which_o be_v a_o new_a principle_n from_o the_o humidity_n resident_a and_o attract_a out_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sprout_v and_o grow_v out_o of_o another_o trunk_n plant_v therein_o by_o insition_n and_o so_o coalesce_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n even_o now_o declare_v for_o as_o long_o as_o plant_n preserve_v that_o humidity_n of_o they_o steadfast_a and_o dense_a so_o long_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o life_n and_o soul_n but_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_a animal_n and_o be_v consequent_o of_o a_o strong_a and_o better_a nature_n do_v not_o only_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o insit_v but_o a_o influent_a faculty_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o heart_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o their_o humidity_n be_v not_o so_o steadfast_a viz._n substantial_a but_o more_o thin_a and_o tender_a and_o therefore_o do_v the_o soon_o expire_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o hand_n be_v separare_v from_o the_o body_n all_o the_o life_n therein_o be_v extinguish_v because_o it_o be_v destitute_a of_o a_o influent_a faculty_n from_o the_o heart_n for_o that_o thing_n can_v have_v a_o soul_n unless_o it_o have_v a_o continue_a derivation_n from_o the_o heart_n which_o if_o it_o once_o be_v destitute_a of_o it_o lose_v to_o be_v a_o animate_v be_v chap._n 5._o of_o certain_a affection_n of_o plant_n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o plant_n both_o natural_a and_o artificial_a now_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o their_o affection_n or_o corruption_n wherewith_o they_o be_v infest_a their_o affection_n may_v proceed_v either_o from_o their_o native_a soil_n or_o rather_o the_o ground_n where_o plant_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o germination_n fecundity_n and_o propriety_n of_o substance_n or_o from_o their_o quality_n 2._o the_o soil_n or_o rather_o matter_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o plant_n be_v either_o terrestrial_a or_o aquatical_a 3._o terrestrial_a viz._n their_o native_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o either_o in_o garden_n or_o field_n sative_a or_o wild_a 4._o the_o sative_a be_v domestic_a plant_n such_o as_o grow_v in_o garden_n 5._o the_o wild_a be_v such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o wood_n mountain_n valley_n and_o the_o like_a 6._o aquatical_a such_o as_o grow_v in_o water_n and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o ocean_n or_o lesser_a water_n as_o in_o fountain_n river_n pond_n etc._n etc._n arist._n 7._o again_o some_o plant_n be_v delight_v in_o a_o hot_a place_n some_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n some_o in_o the_o open_a field_n some_o in_o the_o shade_n some_o upon_o rock_n and_o some_o upon_o sandy-ground_n 8._o but_o why_o a_o plant_n shall_v delight_v to_o grow_v in_o such_o variety_n of_o soyl_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o place_n where_o the_o thing_n be_v site_v be_v the_o conservation_n of_o that_o thing_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o thing_n sublunar_a therefore_o divers_a plant_n be_v of_o divers_a nature_n and_o according_o do_v attract_v convenient_a aliment_n out_o of_o that_o soil_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o do_v therefore_o rejoice_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fit_a and_o convenient_a soil_n 9_o furthermore_o notice_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o germination_n of_o plant_n the_o time_n when_o they_o germinate_v their_o celerity_n and_o tardity_n 10._o the_o time_n of_o germination_n be_v the_o spring_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o humour_n abound_v which_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o winter-season_n and_o then_o their_o innate_a heat_n be_v excite_v by_o the_o extremity_n of_o external_a heat_n insomuch_o that_o the_o cutis_fw-la of_o plant_n and_o the_o meatus_fw-la of_o the_o universal_a body_n begin_v to_o be_v open_v which_o cause_v the_o juice_n to_o be_v educe_v abroad_o and_o a_o bud_a or_o germination_n to_o be_v make_v 11._o other_o put_v forth_o their_o summer-fruit_n soon_o or_o late_a according_a to_o their_o naure_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a force_n of_o the_o innate_a heat_n and_o humour_n and_o also_o the_o rarity_n or_o density_n of_o the_o plant_n body_n 12._o sometime_o notwithstanding_o till_v or_o prune_v plant_n do_v bud_v late_a than_o the_o untilled_a first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o less_o revocation_n of_o the_o inward_a heat_n to_o the_o outward_a part_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wound_n make_v by_o prune_v second_o either_o from_o the_o debilitation_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o same_o heat_n or_o the_o denudation_n of_o the_o root_n or_o from_o the_o incrassitude_n of_o the_o humour_n three_o from_o the_o density_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o plant_n induce_v or_o bring_v into_o the_o root_n by_o the_o force_n of_o nocturnal_a frigidity_n and_o by_o the_o root_n into_o the_o whole_a plant._n 17._o and_o they_o do_v not_o generate_v forthwith_o in_o their_o first_o age_n neither_o do_v animal_n whilst_o young_a and_o tender_a bear_v young_a because_o all_o their_o aliment_n at_o that_o time_n be_v divert_v into_o their_o increment_n second_o their_o force_n be_v more_o weak_a whereby_o it_o can_v concoct_v it_o nor_o condensate_a it_o into_o fruit_n 14_o neither_o do_v all_o plant_n generate_v for_o so_o some_o be_v fruitful_a other_o not_o fruitful_a 15._o the_o cause_n of_o fruitfulness_n be_v refer_v by_o some_o only_a to_o heat_n but_o when_o there_o be_v heat_n without_o matter_n that_o be_v copious_a aliment_n it_o can_v effect_v or_o frame_v nothing_o hot_a and_o succulent_a plant_n be_v only_o fruitful_a 16._o of_o fruitful_a or_o fecundine_a plant_n some_o do_v bear_v fruit_n once_o in_o all_o their_o life_n other_o often_o 17._o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n often_o be_v such_o as_o fructicate_v annal_o once_o a_o year_n some_o twice_o
in_o air_n by_o inspiration_n and_o they_o continue_v out_o of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n or_o at_o least_o receive_v their_o nutriment_n most_o part_n from_o thence_o 11._o and_o they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o go_v or_o creep_v or_o fly_v arist._n 1_o de_fw-fr hist._n an._n c._n 1._o 12._o they_o that_o go_v or_o creep_v be_v such_o as_o move_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n 13._o and_o they_o be_v either_o fourfooted_a beast_n or_o creep_a vermin_n 14._o fourfooted_a beast_n be_v those_o that_o go_v upon_o four_o foot_n or_o at_o least_o consist_v of_o four_o such_o part_n as_o man_n have_v two_o arm_n for_o two_o former_a foot_n 15._o there_o be_v a_o diverse_a constitution_n of_o these_o as_o also_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o man_n for_o in_o dog_n choler_n do_v abound_v in_o hog_n phlegm_n and_o in_o other_o other_o humour_n whence_o their_o temperament_n do_v chief_o depend_v 16._o fourfooted_a beast_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o generation_n in_o oviparas_fw-mi and_o viviparas_fw-mi 17._o those_z are_z oviparae_fw-la which_o bring_v forth_o egg_n or_o breed_v after_o that_o manner_n out_o of_o which_o afterward_o the_o animal_n be_v produce_v as_o frog_n crocodile_n lizard_n salamander_n chameleon_n and_o serpent_n all_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o four_o foot_n 18._o although_o these_o in_o many_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n have_v no_o little_a similitude_n to_o man_n yet_o they_o differ_v much_o nay_o more_o than_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v alive_a call_v viviparae_fw-la for_o neither_o do_v we_o see_v the_o same_o ingenuity_n in_o they_o which_o be_v in_o these_o nor_o altogether_o the_o same_o part_n and_o strength_n of_o body_n 19_o viviparae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o bring_v forth_o perfect_a animal_n 20._o and_o those_o have_v a_o large_a lung_n dense_a and_o carnous_a fill_v with_o blood_n and_o therefore_o they_o breathe_v 21._o the_o young_a also_o d_o be_v nourish_v and_o bring_v almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o belly_n of_o their_o dam_n as_o the_o child_n in_o the_o womb_n of_o a_o woman_n 22._o therefore_o erroneous_a be_v that_o opinion_n of_o avicenna_n albertus_n and_o cardan_n himself_o who_o think_v that_o all_o animal_n that_o be_v get_v in_o the_o matrix_fw-la may_v arise_v without_o it_o mere_o of_o putrefaction_n if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v true_a that_o animal_n do_v proceed_v from_o a_o mutual_a copulation_n only_o but_o never_o any_o man_n or_o dog_n do_v ever_o proceed_v from_o putretude_n but_o seed_n scal._n exer._n 193._o 23._o viviparae_fw-la be_v wont_a to_o bring_v forth_o either_o those_o which_o have_v solid_a foot_n as_o a_o horse_n or_o ass_n and_o many_o other_o which_o want_v horn_n so_o likewise_o many_o cornute_a beast_n as_o the_o ox_n hart_n goat_n and_o the_o like_a or_o such_o as_o have_v their_o foot_n divide_v into_o divers_a part_n as_o dog_n ape_n etc._n etc._n 24._o and_o their_o young_a be_v multifarious_a for_o the_o many_o cell_n in_o the_o womb_n where_o the_o seed_n be_v contain_v 25._o creep_v beast_n e_z be_v those_o which_o crawl_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o be_v either_o serpent_n which_o by_o convolve_v themselves_o do_v move_v or_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o worm_n upon_o the_o earth_n 26._o furthermore_o f_o there_o be_v volatile_a beast_n which_o do_v use_v to_o fly_v much_o in_o the_o air_n and_o they_o be_v otherwise_o call_v bird_n 27._o aereal_a bird_n g_z have_v by_o nature_n two_o foot_n and_o they_o do_v move_v themselves_o above_o the_o earth_n by_o their_o feather_n by_o fly_v 28._o their_o body_n do_v consist_v like_a to_o other_o body_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o a_o legitimate_a commixtion_n and_o they_o have_v both_o similar_v and_o dissimilar_v part_n 29._o yet_o they_o want_v reins_o and_o bladder_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o never_o urine_n because_o they_o drink_v little_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o dryness_n of_o their_o nature_n which_o convert_v their_o water_n into_o aliment_n 30._o their_o generation_n be_v of_o a_o egg_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o white_a for_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o the_o yolk_n till_o it_o be_v exclude_v these_o egg_n engender_v and_o do_v receive_v life_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o dam_n sit_v upon_o they_o 31._o and_o they_o be_v soon_o hatch_v in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n hen_n in_o summer_n usual_o sit_v but_o eighteen_o day_n but_o in_o winter_n twenty_o five_o 32._o and_o unless_o they_o bring_v forth_o they_o labour_v under_o a_o disease_n and_o perish_v arist._n 33._o bird_n h_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o meat_n for_o some_o be_v very_o carnous_a because_o as_o they_o feed_v upon_o flesh_n as_o those_o which_o have_v crooked_a claw_n as_o the_o crow_n and_o hawk_n and_o some_o be_v feed_v by_o worm_n other_o by_o herb_n and_o some_o by_o fruit_n 34._o so_o much_o concern_v terrestrial_n now_o concern_v such_o as_o live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o they_o be_v call_v fish_n 35._o fish_n ay_o be_v a_o sanguineous_a animal_n of_o cold_a and_o waterish_a substance_n of_o a_o long_a body_n and_o squamous_a skin_n dive_v in_o the_o water_n 36._o their_o propagation_n be_v much_o by_o seed_n only_o this_o difference_n some_o lay_v egg_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o water_n and_o thereby_o cherish_v other_o bring_v forth_o their_o young_a alive_a as_o the_o whale_n dolphin_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n 37._o in_o the_o time_n of_o copulation_n male_a and_o female_a be_v conversant_a and_o the_o female_a by_o a_o gentle_a touch_n conceive_v egg_n in_o the_o matrix_fw-la but_o they_o be_v not_o perfect_v till_o they_o be_v sprinkle_v with_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o male_a for_o these_o egg_n into_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v eject_v do_v become_v 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n remain_v barren_a 38._o of_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o fish_n these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v there_o be_v a_o heart_n in_o most_o of_o they_o but_o inverse_v or_o much_o turn_v in_o contrary_a to_o other_o animal_n whereby_o a_o certain_a passage_n be_v make_v to_o their_o gills_o by_o which_o they_o return_v the_o humour_n which_o they_o receive_v into_o their_o mouth_n 39_o all_o their_o tooth_n be_v serrate_v yet_o some_o have_v tooth_n upon_o their_o tongue_n 40._o their_o tongue_n be_v hard_a and_o almost_o thorny_a and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o roof_n that_o they_o seem_v â—…o_o be_v without_o a_o tongue_n 41._o they_o have_v the_o part_n of_o hear_v and_o smell_v but_o none_o of_o sensuality_n but_o the_o eye_n for_o the_o passage_n be_v broad_a and_o open_a where_o they_o shall_v have_v that_o sense_n there_o be_v eye_n be_v without_o lid_n 42._o they_o want_v lung_n k_o and_o asper_fw-la artery_n therefore_o they_o neither_o have_v a_o voice_n nor_o breath_n 43._o aristotle_n prove_v it_o first_o because_o in_o breathe_v water_n must_v be_v draw_v in_o as_o well_o as_o air_n which_o two_o body_n do_v mutual_o hinder_v themselves_o second_o because_o they_o do_v not_o move_v any_o particle_n of_o the_o belly_n as_o other_o breathe_a creature_n do_v three_o because_o when_o they_o die_v in_o the_o water_n we_o can_v perceive_v any_o bubble_n to_o be_v make_v which_o happen_v when_o there_o be_v any_o animal_n that_o breathe_v suffocate_v in_o the_o water_n four_o because_o if_o it_o be_v so_o other_o animal_n also_o may_v breathe_v in_o the_o water_n which_o experience_n deny_v 44._o but_o some_o ancient_a writer_n and_o neoterick_n philosopher_n defend_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n who_o conclude_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o fish_n do_v breath_n 45._o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o former_a argument_n only_o that_o we_o part_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n but_o also_o julius_n scaliger_n defend_v it_o 46._o but_o some_o fish_n do_v only_o live_v in_o the_o water_n some_o partly_o on_o the_o water_n and_o some_o partly_o on_o the_o earth_n 47._o those_o that_o dive_v in_o the_o water_n be_v either_o those_o that_o have_v blood_n or_o be_v without_o blood_n 48._o those_o which_o have_v blood_n be_v proper_o call_v pisces_fw-la 49._o and_o those_o be_v great_a small_a middle_a or_o little_a according_a to_o their_o adjunct_n quantity_n 50._o those_o be_v call_v great_a the_o whale_n the_o salmon_n dolphin_n and_o sea-calf_n 51._o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o middle_a rank_n the_o eel_n pike_n carp_n perch_n stockfish_n tench_n etc._n etc._n 52._o the_o lest_o be_v these_o a_o horseleech_n turdus_n sprat_n etc._n etc._n 53._o those_o that_o be_v call_v exsangues_fw-la be_v such_o as_o be_v without_o blood_n and_o do_v consiâ—…_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o a_o certain_a vital_a humidity_n and_o these_o be_v either_o soft_a or_o hard_o 54._o those_o that_o be_v soft_a albertus_n call_v they_o malachias_n and_o they_o be_v those_o that_o
call_n cogitativam_fw-la and_o aestimativam_fw-la for_o madness_n frenzy_n and_o melancholy_a be_v disease_n that_o can_v hurt_v corporeal_a affection_n by_o themselves_o to_o wit_n simple_o alone_a but_o corporeal_a faculty_n also_o for_o they_o disturb_v the_o mind_n by_o accident_n because_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o very_a house_n or_o situation_n where_o this_o distemper_n reign_v and_o where_o the_o sense_n be_v use_v but_o bruit_n suffer_v madness_n by_o reason_n of_o imagination_n or_o their_o estimative_a faculty_n not_o for_o their_o reason_n or_o understanding_n c_z it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o perfect_a animal_n to_o have_v blood_n and_o therefore_o without_o it_o they_o neither_o can_v be_v account_v perfect_a or_o produce_v any_o vital_a action_n for_o blood_n be_v after_o a_o manner_n another_o soul._n d_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n common_a almost_o to_o the_o universal_a genus_fw-la of_o fourfooted_a beast_n that_o their_o generation_n proceed_v from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o the_o masculine_a with_o the_o feminine_a and_o they_o copulate_v either_o at_o certain_a time_n or_o season_n or_o promiscuous_o at_o any_o time_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v void_a of_o reason_n especial_o when_o they_o have_v a_o sensual_a appetite_n thereunto_o at_o which_o time_n the_o male_a be_v so_o furious_o inflame_v with_o such_o a_o irresistible_a light_n that_o it_o will_v furious_o assail_v the_o female_a and_o prosecute_v she_o even_o till_o his_o appetite_n be_v satisfy_v as_o we_o see_v often_o verify_v in_o stag_n e_z all_o serpent_n be_v refer_v to_o fourfooted_a beast_n because_o they_o have_v blood_n flesh_n nerve_n and_o other_o internal_a bowel_n of_o that_o nature_n with_o they_o although_o not_o so_o perfect_a and_o also_o dissimilar_v from_o the_o member_n of_o those_o animal_n this_o animal_n be_v crafty_a and_o wise_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o life_n in_o seek_v out_o a_o den_n to_o lurk_v in_o and_o food_n to_o live_v on_o f_o volatiles_fw-la do_v consist_v of_o all_o the_o element_n but_o chief_o of_o water_n which_o we_o may_v read_v and_o prove_v by_o sacred_a writ_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n bring_v forth_o both_o creep_a thing_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o fly_a thing_n in_o the_o air_n where_o a_o question_n will_v arise_v why_o god_n produce_v fly_v thing_n out_o of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o the_o earth_n because_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o do_v reside_v upon_o the_o earth_n for_o upon_o the_o earth_n they_o feed_v sleep_n pull_v off_o their_o feather_n and_o altogether_o haunt_v the_o earth_n and_o not_o the_o water_n because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n we_o be_v nourish_v by_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o consist_v bird_n consist_v of_o earth_n rather_o than_o water_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n this_o argue_v that_o their_o substance_n be_v hard_a and_o dense_a which_o must_v needs_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n but_o little_a from_o earth_n but_o for_o the_o further_a solution_n we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n get_v or_o procreate_v in_o the_o fire_n or_o air_n but_o in_o the_o water_n and_o on_o the_o earth_n all_o body_n be_v procreate_v and_o that_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o siccity_n with_o humidity_n but_o of_o the_o two_o other_o element_n they_o receive_v light_a temperament_n and_o virtue_n therefore_o because_o bird_n be_v wander_a animal_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v frame_v of_o a_o airy_a temperament_n that_o it_o may_v be_v consentaneous_a to_o their_o nature_n now_o bird_n be_v procreate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o come_v near_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n for_o it_o be_v make_v air_n extenuate_v by_o heat_n as_o we_o see_v the_o density_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v into_o water_n and_o therefore_o bird_n be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n as_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a element_n for_o their_o nature_n g_z when_o in_o the_o definition_n we_o say_v bird_n to_o be_v two-footed_a and_o wing_a this_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o perfect_a bird_n for_o there_o be_v certain_a bird_n find_v without_o foot_n call_v apodes_n and_o also_o without_o feather_n of_o which_o see_v scaliger_n and_o it_o be_v call_v a_o bird_n from_o avia_fw-la because_o it_o cut_v a_o uncertain_a flight_n in_o the_o air_n for_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n uncertain_a and_o past_o find_v out_o the_o way_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o way_n of_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o way_n of_o a_o youngman_n on_o earth_n h_n other_o division_n there_o be_v of_o bird_n of_o which_o see_v scaliger_n exer._n 227._o and_o of_o the_o species_n of_o bird_n see_v freigeus_fw-la his_o physics_n ay_o by_o fish_n i_o general_o understand_v all_o water-animal_n that_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o all_o these_o be_v produce_v of_o the_o water_n which_o their_o nature_n do_v demonstrate_v for_o if_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n they_o die_v and_o perish_v because_o they_o be_v rob_v of_o their_o proper_a nature_n or_o womb_n but_o in_o water_n they_o grow_v and_o be_v nourish_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o similitude_n and_o cogination_n of_o their_o nature_n with_o the_o place_n which_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a but_o how_o can_v fish_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v constitute_v of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d matter_n and_o a_o mix_a body_n be_v produce_v from_o water_n alone_o one_o simple_a element_n and_o fluid_a i_o answer_v first_o the_o concretion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o produce_v of_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v do_v forthwith_o by_o the_o voice_n and_o command_v of_o god_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v so_o constrict_v and_o firm_o coagulate_v that_o the_o body_n of_o fish_n be_v solid_a and_o well_o compact_v again_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o other_o element_n concur_v to_o this_o aquatical_a constitution_n but_o water_n have_v the_o dominion_n who_o nature_n fish_n emulate_v because_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a where_o notwithstanding_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o same_o watery_a constitution_n do_v participate_v of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n in_o which_o the_o vital_a faculty_n or_o life_n do_v consist_v k_o it_o be_v a_o old_a toss_a question_n whether_o fish_n that_o want_v a_o lung_n breathe_v aristotle_n deny_v it_o but_o plato_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n affirm_v it_o and_o these_o be_v their_o reason_n first_o what_o animal_n soever_o have_v not_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n so_o call_v can_v breathe_v but_o fish_n have_v neither_o lung_n nor_o artery_n which_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n in_o all_o other_o animal_n therefore_o fish_n breathe_v not_o second_o if_o fish_n do_v breath_n it_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o mouth_n or_o fin_n and_o then_o they_o both_o receive_v and_o let_v out_o the_o spirit_n together_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o these_o motion_n be_v contrary_a in_o themselves_o and_o contrary_n can_v act_v together_o in_o the_o same_o therefore_o fish_n do_v not_o breath_n three_o if_o fish_n that_o be_v destitute_a of_o attractive_a artery_n and_o lung_n breath_n than_o they_o must_v breathe_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o belly_n but_o this_o be_v absurd_a therefore_o the_o consequence_n false_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o minor_a be_v that_o if_o the_o belly_n of_o fish_n do_v attract_v air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v so_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n four_o in_o all_o those_o animal_n that_o inspire_v and_o exspire_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n may_v be_v discern_v to_o move_v as_o in_o man_n when_o he_o breathe_v the_o breast_n be_v lift_v up_o if_o he_o exspire_v it_o be_v press_v down_o but_o in_o fish_n there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n to_o be_v see_v therefore_o they_o breathe_v not_o five_o when_o any_o breathe_a creature_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o water_n certain_a bubble_n will_v arise_v if_o they_o be_v there_o detain_v till_o suffocation_n but_o if_o fish_n be_v never_o so_o long_o detain_v they_o cause_v no_o bubble_n therefore_o they_o breathe_v not_o neither_o do_v they_o receive_v any_o extrinsical_a air_n sixthly_a if_o fish_n do_v breath_n under_o the_o water_n it_o will_v follow_v then_o that_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n may_v breathe_v also_o but_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a therefore_o the_o antecedent_n seven_o if_o fish_n do_v breath_n in_o the_o water_n than_o it_o be_v so_o that_o they_o may_v attract_v air_n which_o they_o must_v do_v also_o without_o the_o water_n but_o they_o do_v not_o breathe_v out_o of_o the_o water_n nor_o attract_v air_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o all_o animal_n do_v breath_n then_o infect_v also_o shall_v breathe_v which_o be_v animal_n but_o they_o breathe_v not_o ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o assumption_n be_v confirm_v for_o those_o animal_n that_o breath_n do_v breath_n whilst_o they_o live_v and_o when_o
and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n where_o there_o be_v perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v congeal_v into_o a_o hard_a substance_n for_o much_o of_o it_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o alps_n helvetia_n and_o italy_n l_o coral_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v a_o shrubby_a stone_n for_o it_o be_v call_v frutex_fw-la marinus_fw-la because_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o air_n it_o be_v harden_v into_o a_o stone_n under_o the_o water_n the_o coral_n be_v green_a and_o soft_a but_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o repose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o grow_v hard_a and_o red_a because_o of_o the_o tenuity_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o air_n which_o compel_v and_o harden_v its_o part_n m_n the_o loadstone_n be_v call_v magnes_n as_o be_v suppose_v from_o its_o first_o finder_n out_o by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v the_o herculean_a stone_n it_o have_v a_o wonderful_a virtue_n in_o attraction_n it_o do_v not_o only_o strong_o draw_v iron_n to_o itself_o but_o also_o infuse_v a_o attractive_a virtue_n into_o the_o iron_n draw_v insomuch_o that_o it_o will_v attract_v other_o iron_n to_o it_o which_o thing_n can_v hardly_o be_v demonstrate_v with_o reason_n if_o any_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o similitude_n of_o substance_n he_o err_v not_o for_o similitude_n and_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o vacuum_n be_v the_o two_o cause_n of_o attraction_n heat_n draw_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o vacuum_n every_o part_n do_v draw_v its_o proper_a aliment_n according_a to_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o substance_n whence_o iron_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v draw_v by_o it_o for_o in_o the_o flake_n of_o iron_n the_o loadstone_n be_v preserve_v although_o scaliger_n by_o no_o mean_n will_v assent_v to_o this_o but_o we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v the_o proper_a aliment_n of_o the_o loadstone_n not_o so_o as_o to_o say_v that_o it_o live_v as_o scaliger_n well_o infer_v but_o as_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o but_o as_o the_o element_n move_v spontaneous_o to_o their_o place_n as_o to_o their_o end_n and_o perfection_n so_o the_o loadstone_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o file_n of_o iron_n and_o as_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o they_o move_v to_o the_o iron_n therefore_o we_o may_v well_o rest_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a that_o iron_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o loadstone_n by_o the_o similitude_n of_o substance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o this_o stone_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o iron_n yet_o some_o say_v that_o the_o loadstone_n do_v not_o always_o draw_v iron_n i_o answer_v that_o happen_v by_o accident_n for_o when_o the_o adamant_n be_v near_o it_o hinder_v and_o impede_v its_o attraction_n cardan_n yet_o deny_v that_o the_o adamant_n can_v hinder_v the_o attraction_n of_o iron_n or_o can_v be_v hinder_v by_o leek_n and_o onion_n but_o maintain_v that_o it_o will_v always_o attract_v iron_n as_o he_o have_v prove_v by_o experience_n n_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o pearl_n be_v this_o shell-fish_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n be_v incite_v to_o the_o desire_n of_o copulation_n or_o conception_n whereupon_o they_o come_v out_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o dilate_v themselves_o attract_v the_o heavenly_a dew_n return_v as_o it_o be_v burden_v and_o so_o bring_v forth_o margary_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o difference_n in_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o pearl_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o their_o age_n or_o magnitude_n and_o also_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o dew_n receive_v of_o round_a shell-fish_n the_o best_a pearl_n be_v get_v those_o be_v the_o best_a pearl_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o sometime_o find_v float_v upon_o the_o shore_n chap._n 3._o of_o juice_n or_o precious_a earth_n 1._o we_o have_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o hard_a metallic_a body_n we_o shall_v now_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v soâ—…t_o which_o precious_a earthâ—…_n be_v of_o a_o mild_a nature_n between_o metal_n and_o stone_n 2._o and_o many_o of_o these_o body_n be_v fricable_a that_o be_v to_o say_v rub_v small_a or_o bring_v into_o fine_a powder_n 3_o some_o of_o these_o may_v be_v melt_v other_o not_o those_o that_o be_v soft_a may_v that_o may_v be_v harden_v into_o the_o body_n of_o a_o stone_n 4._o of_o the_o first_o kind_n of_o these_o be_v those_o that_o be_v dry_a and_o concrete_v as_o salt_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n 5._o salt_n be_v a_o a_o metallic_a body_n friable_a beget_v of_o a_o humid_a and_o watery_a juice_n and_o gross_a earth_n mix_v and_o boil_a together_o 6._o it_o have_v force_n to_o absterge_n expurge_n astringe_n dissipate_v and_o attenuate_v 7._o and_o it_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a that_o which_o be_v natural_a be_v call_v fossile_n that_o which_o be_v artificial_a factitious_a 8._o the_o fossile_n be_v find_v either_o in_o the_o earth_n or_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n 9_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dig_v out_o of_o mountain_n or_o effode_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o sandy_a place_n 10._o of_o these_o there_o be_v various_a difference_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v but_o four_o especial_o be_v most_o know_v to_o we_o sal_fw-la ammoniack_a sal_fw-la gemm_n sal_fw-la nitre_n indian_a salt_n 11._o ammoniack_a be_v a_o bitter_a salt_n find_v in_o or_o about_o the_o sand_n of_o cyrene_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v cyrenaicus_n 12._o salt_n gem_n be_v a_o fossile_n salt_n find_v in_o mine_n or_o pit_n shine_v and_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o crystal_n 13._o salt_n nitre_n or_o salt-peter_n consist_v of_o a_o coagulate_v humour_n in_o moistsubterraneous_a place_n shine_v like_a to_o congeal_a snow_n upon_o wall_n to_o this_o day_n by_o art_n it_o be_v make_v 14._o the_o indian_a be_v a_o salt_n blackish_a cut_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n oromontus_fw-la in_o the_o indies_n 15._o those_o salt_n that_o be_v find_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v such_o as_o be_v dig_v or_o effode_v out_o of_o water_n and_o they_o be_v call_v either_o fontal_a when_o fountain_n or_o river_n by_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v dry_v and_o convert_v to_o salt_n or_o fluvial_a when_o the_o arm_n of_o some_o river_n be_v condensated_a into_o salt_n or_o stagnal_n when_o pond_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v dry_v and_o a_o salt_n remain_v or_o marine_a when_o in_o the_o shore_n a_o certain_a tender_a salt_n be_v get_v which_o dioscorides_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pliny_n interpret_v it_o the_o spume_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o call_v it_o the_o dry_a spume_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o more_o right_o a_o salt_n make_v by_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-spume_n 16._o factitious_a 〈◊〉_d coct_v salt_n be_v make_v of_o water_n and_o that_o either_o marine_a fluvial_a fenny_a fountain_n or_o of_o the_o water_n of_o pond_n 17._o alum_n by_o the_o definition_n of_o pliny_n be_v a_o certain_a salsugo_fw-la or_o the_o salt_n sweat_n of_o the_o earth_n concrete_v of_o a_o muddy_a and_o slimy_a water_n 18._o and_o it_o be_v either_o clear_a or_o black_a 19_o that_o which_o be_v clear_a be_v judge_v the_o best_a and_o it_o be_v either_o thick_a or_o liquid_a 20._o the_o liquid_a be_v soft_a fat_a and_o clear_a 21._o the_o thick_a be_v either_o round_a or_o scissile_a and_o it_o have_v the_o form_n of_o of_o sugar_n 22._o the_o black_a be_v find_v in_o cyprus_n which_o purge_v gold_n 23._o bitumen_n be_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o earth_n gentle_a and_o tender_a like_v to_o pitch_n easy_o take_v fire_n 24._o and_o it_o be_v either_o hard_a 〈◊〉_d soft_a 25._o the_o hard_a be_v strong_o concrete_v not_o unlike_a to_o the_o clod_n of_o the_o earth_n 29._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v asphaltus_n pissaphaltus_n and_o amber_n 27._o asphaltus_n be_v a_o blackish_a bitumen_n like_v to_o pitch_n but_o hard_a and_o more_o inspissated_a splended_a and_o less_o olcous_a and_o this_o sort_n be_v get_v all_o over_o babylon_n 28._o pissaphaltus_n be_v a_o certain_a bitumen_n in_o a_o manner_n black_a but_o of_o a_o more_o terrene_a concretion_n 29._o amber_n also_o be_v a_o bitumen_n and_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o colour_n be_v sometime_o white_a yellow_a or_o obscure_a 30._o the_o liquid_a bitumen_n be_v that_o which_o flow_v like_o a_o oleous_a liquor_n of_o who_o species_n be_v naptha_n and_o the_o arabian_a amber_n 31._o naptha_n be_v liquid_a bitumen_n of_o a_o oleous_a crassitude_n the_o fire_n have_v such_o force_n over_o it_o that_o it_o will_v leap_v into_o it_o wherever_o it_o be_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v quench_v by_o
they_o can_v breathe_v long_o they_o cease_v to_o live_v but_o infect_v do_v live_v though_o they_o can_v breathe_v for_o when_o they_o be_v cut_v in_o two_o part_n they_o will_v live_v in_o each_o part_n whereas_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o animal_n shall_v breathe_v observe_v this_o last_o argument_n to_o impugn_v all_o the_o ancient_n opinion_n fish_n do_v therefore_o breath_n because_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n consist_v not_o without_o breath_n these_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o arist._n deny_v fish_n to_o breath_n but_o because_o there_o be_v a_o heart_n in_o they_o therefore_o they_o have_v need_v to_o have_v their_o heat_n temperate_v and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o temperate_v they_o draw_v in_o by_o their_o gills_o water_n for_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o by_o the_o same_o for_o as_o in_o man_n the_o lung_n and_o the_o thorax_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o down_o in_o breathe_v so_o the_o gills_o of_o fish_n be_v dilate_v and_o contract_v in_o draw_v in_o of_o water_n to_o temper_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o when_o the_o gills_o be_v dilate_v they_o draw_v in_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o water_n which_o be_v convey_v by_o certain_a passage_n to_o the_o heart_n which_o cool_v the_o heat_n thereof_o and_o when_o their_o gills_o be_v contract_v the_o water_n again_o be_v expel_v some_o do_v stiff_o oppugn_v these_o opinion_n who_o reason_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v of_o first_o a_o fish_n be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o breathe_v be_v necessary_a because_o it_o have_v need_v of_o air_n i_o answer_v if_o by_o breathe_v or_o respiration_n they_o understand_v refrigeration_n than_o the_o consequence_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v but_o if_o they_o mean_v the_o attraction_n of_o air_n i_o deny_v it_o for_o the_o spiration_n of_o air_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o those_o animal_n endow_v with_o lung_n but_o fish_n may_v be_v refrigerated_a by_o that_o water_n which_o both_o they_o draw_v in_o by_o the_o mouth_n and_o gills_o second_o air_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o earth_n therefore_o under_o the_o water_n and_o by_o consequence_n fish_n do_v attract_v it_o and_o so_o breath_n ans._n i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n though_o air_n may_v easy_o pierce_v into_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v porous_a cavernous_a and_o dry_a yet_o into_o the_o water_n it_o can_v pierce_v because_o of_o the_o fluidness_n of_o its_o body_n be_v so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o unity_n and_o so_o close_o gather_v itself_o together_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacuity_n for_o air_n for_o if_o a_o staff_n be_v thrust_v into_o the_o water_n and_o draw_v out_o again_o there_o will_v be_v no_o holâ—…_n leave_v or_o resemblance_n where_o it_o be_v but_o will_v forthwith_o rise_v up_o and_o swim_v at_o top_n but_o if_o it_o be_v fix_v into_o the_o earth_n the_o hole_n whereinto_o it_o be_v put_v will_v remain_v which_o be_v immediate_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o breathe_a faculty_n of_o mole_n under_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o take_v away_o because_o they_o always_o make_v a_o hole_n whereby_o they_o receive_v breath_n but_o now_o in_o water_n no_o pore_n or_o passage_n can_v be_v apprehend_v whereby_o air_n may_v be_v attract_v therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o fish_n shall_v breathe_v therein_o three_o fish_n do_v breathe_v by_o their_o gills_o therefore_o breath_n be_v draw_v by_o they_o though_o not_o in_o the_o usual_a manner_n i_o answer_v that_o some_o spiration_n iâ—…_n manifest_a or_o perfect_a some_o obscure_a and_o imperfect_a it_o be_v manifest_a in_o those_o animal_n that_o be_v endow_v with_o the_o organ_n of_o spiration_n and_o than_o it_o be_v proper_o call_v respiration_n but_o that_o â—…tion_n of_o the_o fish_n gills_o be_v more_o right_o term_v transpiration_n and_o only_o answer_v by_o analogy_n to_o the_o true_a spiration_n for_o as_o their_o part_n viz._n lung_n and_o gills_o differ_v in_o species_n so_o also_o their_o function_n differ_v for_o as_o the_o wing_n oâ—…_n bird_n and_o fin_n of_o fish_n do_v agree_v analogical_o in_o themselves_o as_o to_o the_o efficient_a cause_n viz._n of_o motion_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la because_o fish_n by_o their_o fin_n do_v not_o fly_v as_o bird_n by_o their_o wing_n but_o swim_v so_o those_o gills_o that_o be_v give_v to_o fish_n in_o stead_n of_o lung_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o the_o lung_n of_o animal_n the_o four_o be_v take_v from_o experience_n if_o fish_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n with_o a_o narrow_a orifice_n fill_v half_o full_a of_o water_n and_o so_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n stop_v there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n in_o they_o of_o the_o enjoy_v of_o the_o air_n that_o they_o strive_v who_o shall_v be_v uppermost_a swim_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o a_o desire_n to_o be_v next_o the_o air_n scaliger_n answer_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o so_o much_o struggle_v be_v not_o for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o air_n but_o the_o avoid_n of_o their_o close_a imprisonment_n endeavour_v to_o find_v a_o way_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o that_o scarcity_n of_o water_n into_o a_o place_n of_o more_o plenty_n and_o liberty_n five_o if_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o with_o a_o row_n orifice_n be_v close_o cover_v the_o fish_n that_o be_v encloister_v within_o be_v sudden_o suffocate_v because_o no_o air_n can_v come_v unto_o they_o therefore_o it_o be_v absolute_a necessary_a for_o fish_n to_o breathe_v under_o the_o water_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n this_o if_o it_o be_v true_a i_o thus_o answer_v if_o so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v judge_v to_o happen_v rather_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o celestial_a light_n than_o air_n for_o thereby_o force_n and_o heat_n be_v add_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o light_n for_o all_o animate_v thing_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o celestial_a spirit_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n again_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o fish_n include_v in_o a_o vessel_n be_v suffocate_v it_o must_v happen_v that_o the_o water_n be_v deprive_v of_o air_n lose_v it_o nature_n scaliger_n exer._n 275_o for_o it_o be_v preserve_v from_o corruption_n by_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o superior_a form_n therefore_o it_o kill_v the_o fish_n but_o to_o conclude_v if_o fish_n shall_v die_v for_o want_v of_o air_n how_o come_v they_o to_o live_v where_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v all_o over_o many_o thousand_o of_o pace_n together_o or_o can_v they_o receive_v air_n through_o the_o ice_n therefore_o the_o objection_n of_o our_o antagonist_n be_v frothy_a and_o vain_a l_o infect_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n entoma_n because_o they_o have_v body_n distinguish_v some_o into_o two_o three_o and_o some_o more_o incisure_n and_o they_o have_v in_o stead_n of_o blood_n a_o certain_a vital_a juiâ—…e_n or_o humour_n which_o be_v analogous_n to_o blood_n which_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v exhaust_v they_o perish_v and_o because_o those_o infect_v want_n blood_n their_o nature_n be_v cold_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o breathe_v not_o for_o breath_n be_v give_v to_o animal_n by_o nature_n to_o â—…ool_v the_o blood_n and_o because_o those_o infect_v say_v aristotle_n want_v bowel_n therefore_o they_o leave_v no_o respiration_n because_o they_o have_v no_o convenient_a organ_n for_o that_o use_n but_o against_o this_o receive_a opinion_n of_o aristotle_n pliny_n object_n that_o infect_v do_v breathe_v which_o he_o maintain_v by_o two_o argument_n first_o that_o many_o kind_n of_o infect_v do_v put_v forth_o a_o certain_a noise_n as_o bee_n and_o those_o that_o want_v wing_n other_o to_o sing_v as_o grasshopper_n so_o also_o gnat_n &_o fly_n make_v a_o certain_a buzz_n &_o noise_n which_o can_v be_v except_o they_o receive_v air_n i_o answer_v when_o bee_n and_o fly_n make_v a_o noise_n it_o happen_v by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o interior_a spirit_n and_o not_o the_o exterior_a for_o those_o infect_v that_o seem_v to_o sing_v as_o grasshopper_n do_v make_v a_o noiâ—…e_n from_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o include_v spirit_n fret_v as_o it_o be_v against_o that_o membrane_n with_o which_o their_o body_n be_v wrap_v for_o they_o do_v not_o make_v a_o noise_n by_o the_o attract_v of_o spirit_n at_o the_o mouth_n for_o they_o alone_o in_o the_o universal_a genus_fw-la of_o animal_n by_o the_o observation_n of_o aristotle_n want_v mouth_n second_o infect_v be_v endow_v with_o smell_v but_o smell_v can_v be_v effect_v but_o with_o the_o attraction_n of_o air_n by_o respiration_n therefore_o they_o breathe_v i_o answer_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v be_v far_o different_a in_o these_o infect_v from_o that_o in_o other_o sanguineous_a animal_n for_o they_o have_v this_o
water_n but_o the_o rather_o more_o inflame_v by_o it_o 32._o that_o be_v call_v petreolum_n which_o flow_v from_o rock_n and_o sometime_o naptha_n petra_n 33._o amber_n be_v fragrant_a bitumen_n and_o keep_v among_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n and_o it_o be_v get_v about_o arabia_n 34._o vitriol_n be_v a_o concrete_v juice_n look_v like_o the_o clearness_n of_o glass_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n atramentum_fw-la sutorium_fw-la and_o sometime_o chalchanthum_fw-la 35._o the_o native_a be_v find_v concrete_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o cleft_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o from_o thence_o do_v distil_v by_o drop_n part_v thereof_o hang_v like_o freeze_a ice_n and_o part_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o channel_n 36._o furthermore_o juice_n which_o can_v be_v melt_v yet_o not_o indurate_v into_o stone_n be_v auripigmentum_n sandarach_n chalk_n gypsum_fw-la lime_n ochre_n argil_n seal_v earth_n armenian_a earth_n 37._o auripigmentum_fw-la or_o arsenic_n be_v b_o a_o concrete_v juice_n of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n flourish_v picture_n with_o a_o golden_a colour_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o a_o present_a poison_n 38._o sandarach_n be_v a_o red_a earth_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o cinabaris_n yet_o something_o incline_v to_o a_o yellow_a much_o of_o it_o be_v get_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n with_o auripigmentum_n smell_v strong_a of_o sulphur_n 39_o lime_n be_v a_o dry_a earth_n coct_v to_o a_o stone_n which_o after_o it_o be_v burn_v be_v inflame_v with_o water_n and_o extinguish_v with_o oil_n it_o be_v call_v viva_n or_o living_n because_o it_o contain_v fire_n hide_v within_o it_o 40._o gypsum_fw-la be_v a_o shine_a earth_n gentle_a and_o light_n akin_a to_o lime_n but_o not_o so_o dry_a nor_o hot_a which_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o factitious_a be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a stone_n and_o so_o place_v in_o wall_n for_o the_o ornament_n of_o house_n 41._o chalk_n be_v a_o tender_a earth_n and_o white_a plentiful_a in_o the_o island_n of_o crete_n 42._o ocher_n be_v a_o light_n and_o yellowish_a earth_n which_o when_o it_o be_v burn_v be_v red_a 43._o argil_n be_v a_o fat_a and_o soft_a earth_n of_o which_o figuline_a vessel_n be_v make_v 44._o seal_v and_o lemnian_a earth_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n that_o be_v very_o red_a dig_v out_o of_o the_o island_n lemnos_n and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o diana_n high_a priest_n it_o be_v also_o dig_v daily_o in_o silesia_n and_o hassia_n it_o resist_v poison_v 45._o the_o armenian_a be_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n dig_v out_o in_o armenia_n dry_v by_o nature_n and_o of_o a_o pale_a colour_n the_o commentary_n a_o salt_v be_v derive_v a_o saliendo_fw-la from_o leap_v because_o it_o leap_v in_o the_o fire_n some_o judge_n it_o to_o be_v call_v salt_n from_o the_o sun_n because_o it_o be_v get_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n of_o sea-water_n the_o spume_n thereof_o leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n by_o the_o sun_n be_v concrete_v into_o salt_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o salt_n be_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n which_o draw_v the_o sweet_a and_o tender_a part_n out_o of_o the_o saltish_a matter_n leave_v the_o terrene_a which_o be_v boil_a make_v a_o saltish_a substance_n two_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o a_o salt_n sapour_fw-la the_o dry_a and_o terrene_a part_n and_o their_o adustion_n of_o the_o first_o be_v make_v a_o sapour_fw-la of_o the_o latter_a a_o salt_n sapour_fw-la erroneous_a therefore_o be_v that_o opinion_n which_o judge_v salt_n to_o concrete_a as_o ice_n of_o cold_a for_o if_o salt_n do_v concrete_a of_o â—…old_n it_o be_v dissolve_v with_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n with_o naturalist_n every_o thing_n to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o contrary_a wherewith_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v with_o nothing_o less_o than_o with_o heat_n for_o that_o harden_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o more_o but_o it_o be_v quick_o dissolve_v with_o water_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o constringe_v of_o cold_a the_o matter_n be_v a_o terrene_a juice_n adust_a and_o dry_v with_o heat_n the_o form_n be_v dry_v vapour_n with_o concoct_v water_n the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o salt_n be_v various_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o life_n whence_o it_o be_v right_o say_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o profitable_a than_o salt_n and_o the_o sun_n and_o old_a homer_n call_v salt_n divine_a because_o â—…t_o be_v accommodate_v to_o various_a â—…ses_n salt_n hinder_v putrefaction_n and_o â—…akes_v away_o superfluous_a humidity_n â—…n_v our_o body_n without_o salt_n a_o perfect_a concoction_n can_v be_v make_v beside_o it_o be_v of_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o wound_n b_o auripigmentum_n be_v double_a native_a and_o factitious_a that_o which_o be_v like_a to_o ackorn_n erupt_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n from_o metal_n this_o again_o be_v double_a the_o one_o be_v make_v of_o arsenic_n and_o natural_a salt_n of_o equal_a part_n mix_v and_o burn_v in_o a_o crucible_n till_o the_o vapour_n appear_v like_o crystal_n hence_o it_o be_v call_v crystalline_a arsenic_n the_o other_o be_v make_v of_o natural_a arsenic_n and_o sulphur_n mix_v together_o and_o combustible_a both_o of_o they_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o a_o present_a poison_n chap._n 4._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n in_o general_n and_o of_o their_o corruption_n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v spokeâ—…_n of_o a_o inanimate_a body_n perfect_o mix_v now_o we_o proceed_v to_o animate_v body_n which_o be_v perfect_o mix_v endow_v with_o soul_n and_o life_n 2._o there_o be_v two_o part_n in_o the_o life_n of_o a_o furnish_a body_n the_o external_a body_n and_o the_o soul_n which_o subminister_v life_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o latter_a we_o shall_v now_o 3._o an_fw-mi animate_v body_n be_v expert_a of_o sense_n or_o sensitive_a 4._o a_o plant_n be_v a_o body_n expert_a in_o sense_n which_o be_v also_o call_v stirps_fw-la a_o which_o be_v a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v endow_v with_o a_o vigent_fw-la soul_n which_o do_v grow_v live_v wax_v green_a be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v from_o the_o earth_n 5._o for_o when_o plant_n be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v and_o bear_v flower_n and_o fruit_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n and_o they_o be_v the_o work_n of_o animate_v body_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v without_o this_o soul_n 6._o therefore_o reject_v be_v that_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n which_o call_v that_o the_o form_n which_o vivificate_v plant_n and_o that_o their_o nature_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o soul._n 7._o and_o also_o erroneous_a be_v that_o opinion_n which_o maintan_n plant_n to_o be_v animal_n endow_v with_o sense_n which_o scaliger_n refute_v exer._n 138._o 8._o for_o they_o be_v not_o accommodate_v with_o organ_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o sensitive_a faculty_n neither_o can_v the_o action_n of_o any_o such_o faculty_n be_v apprehend_v in_o plant_n for_o which_o of_o they_o can_v see_v hear_v smell_v taste_n or_o feel_v arist._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr planc_fw-fr c._n 1._o 9_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o some_o sense_n be_v resident_a in_o plant_n in_o attract_v to_o they_o what_o be_v profitable_a and_o shun_v what_o be_v unprofitable_a but_o then_o the_o question_n will_v be_v how_o can_v plant_n which_o be_v always_o fix_v in_o a_o place_n proper_o be_v say_v to_o draw_v what_o be_v profitable_a and_o shun_v what_o be_v incommodious_a 10._o the_o vegetable_a soul_n alonâ—…_n that_o be_v within_o the_o plant_n be_v use_v as_o a_o instrument_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n by_o heat_n both_o native_a and_o adventitious_a lawful_o temperate_v which_o the_o plant_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o root_n 11._o that_o heat_n adhere_v in_o the_o moist_a matter_n it_o attract_v as_o convenient_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o so_o alter_v and_o convert_v it_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o plant._n 12._o hence_o there_o be_v two_o vital_a principle_n in_o every_o plant_n heat_n and_o humour_n the_o want_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v death_n to_o animal_n so_o it_o be_v a_o corruption_n and_o decay_v to_o plant_n 13._o corruption_n do_v either_o infest_a part_n of_o the_o plant_n or_o the_o whole_a 14._o a_o total_a corruption_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o preternatural_a 15._o the_o natural_a be_v make_v when_o plant_n be_v render_v more_o dry_a for_o their_o internal_a heat_n and_o their_o moisture_n decay_v by_o progress_n of_o time_n 16._o some_o be_v corrupt_v soon_o other_o late_a and_o so_o according_o they_o live_v long_o or_o short_a 17._o the_o cause_n of_o which_o variety_n be_v especial_o the_o form_n yet_o sometime_o it_o happen_v from_o the_o gluishâ—…ess_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o
compel_v they_o into_o one_o of_o the_o ligament_n serve_v the_o artery_n to_o a_o voluntary_a motion_n the_o fibre_n of_o the_o tendon_n grow_v of_o the_o juncture_n be_v join_v among_o themselves_o e_z they_o be_v call_v spermatick_a part_n because_o they_o be_v generate_v of_o seed_n and_o not_o of_o blood_n which_o argue_v that_o their_o colour_n must_v be_v white_a and_o cold_a in_o substance_n all_o nerve_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o not_o from_o the_o heart_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v their_o use_n be_v to_o carry_v that_o animal_n spirit_n get_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o motive_n and_o sensitive_a faculty_n and_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o body_n f_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n be_v join_v with_o a_o friendly_a intercourse_n that_o the_o vein_n may_v supply_v they_o with_o matter_n of_o spirit_n for_o the_o spirit_n do_v cherish_v the_o blood_n with_o its_o heat_n in_o the_o artery_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a orifice_n that_o the_o spirit_n may_v take_v nutriment_n out_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o the_o vein_n spirit_n and_o heat_n out_o of_o the_o artery_n but_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n do_v differ_v first_o in_o their_o original_n because_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sinister_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n second_o in_o their_o function_n because_o they_o subminister_v vital_a spirit_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n thirdâ—…y_o in_o their_o substance_n for_o the_o arâ—…eries_n so_o likewise_o the_o vein_n do_v â—…onsist_v of_o a_o membranous_a body_n â—…et_v more_o solid_a hard_a and_o conâ—…rmed_v by_o more_o crasser_n tunicle_n now_o a_o tunicle_n be_v twofold_a exterior_a interior_a that_o fiber_n which_o be_v knit_v with_o many_o strait_a and_o crooked_a wind_n have_v the_o like_a crassitude_n and_o firmness_n with_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o vein_n but_o this_o have_v five_o time_n a_o more_o hard_a and_o grosser_n substance_n lest_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n shall_v exhale_v and_o the_o artery_n itself_o be_v break_v with_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n four_o in_o motion_n for_o the_o artery_n be_v move_v without_o intermission_n by_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n when_o dilate_a they_o draw_v the_o cold_a air_n and_o when_o contract_v cast_v out_o hot_a fume_n g_z this_o question_n be_v move_v by_o physician_n and_o philosopher_n about_o the_o vein_n whether_o they_o have_v a_o force_n or_o faculty_n to_o generate_v blood_n some_o maintain_v it_o that_o the_o blood_n which_o the_o vein_n contain_v within_o themselves_o to_o elaborate_v more_o exquisite_o and_o to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o insited_a force_n and_o faculty_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o blood_n that_o the_o chief_a degree_n of_o perfection_n be_v get_v but_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o those_o who_o diligent_o mark_v the_o thin_a tunicle_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o its_o white_a substance_n now_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o nature_n that_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v convert_v to_o the_o other_o and_o transmute_v into_o its_o colour_n then_o how_o can_v the_o vein_n with_o their_o thinness_n and_o whiteness_n change_v white_a chyle_n and_o gross_a into_o red_a and_o pure_a blood_n therefore_o more_o true_a be_v that_o opinion_n that_o the_o generation_n of_o blood_n be_v only_o the_o work_n of_o the_o liver_n which_o do_v make_v blood_n by_o a_o certain_a force_n and_o faculty_n within_o itself_o seat_v all_o the_o sanguifick_a force_n be_v give_v to_o the_o vein_n yet_o they_o receive_v it_o from_o the_o liver_n as_o avicen_n demonstrate_v h_n aristotle_n and_o hypocrates_n do_v prove_v that_o fibre_n do_v concrete_a the_o blood_n by_o their_o frigidity_n because_o that_o blood_n out_o of_o which_o fibre_n be_v take_v can_v never_o be_v concrete_v by_o any_o cold_a for_o when_o blood_n be_v let_v out_o of_o the_o vein_n if_o it_o do_v not_o concrete_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o death_n ay_o fat_a be_v the_o matter_n of_o blood_n and_o although_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o cream_n of_o blood_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o without_o blood_n degenerate_v into_o fat_a by_o the_o want_n of_o heat_n and_o frigidity_n of_o the_o membrane_n it_o consist_v of_o coldness_n and_o dryness_n because_o by_o heat_n it_o be_v melt_v and_o by_o the_o humidity_n of_o other_o part_n coagulate_v by_o cold_a the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o want_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v thus_o prove_v because_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o fat_a as_o to_o any_o quantity_n about_o the_o liver_n or_o the_o heart_n or_o any_o other_o hot_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o those_o part_n k_o take_v this_o as_o another_o definition_n of_o the_o cutis_fw-la the_o skin_n be_v a_o thin_a part_n membranous_a porous_a endow_v with_o blood_n the_o tegument_n or_o cover_v of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o as_o it_o be_v easy_o take_v away_o by_o accident_n so_o it_o do_v easy_o grow_v again_o which_o denote_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o skin_n be_v not_o altogether_o endow_v with_o a_o sensitive_a faculty_n but_o only_o so_o far_o as_o it_o have_v the_o nerve_n and_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o blood_n in_o it_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v define_v to_o be_v membranous_a that_o be_v smooth_a simple_a thin_a and_o white_a and_o that_o it_o have_v a_o middle_a nature_n between_o flesh_n and_o nerve_n for_o neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o blood_n as_o the_o nerve_n be_v so_o neither_o do_v it_o abound_v with_o blood_n as_o the_o flesh_n do_v whence_o it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o temperament_n and_o indeed_o the_o skin_n about_o the_o hand_n in_o it_o there_o be_v the_o most_o exquisite_a and_o perfect_a faculty_n of_o sense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o skin_n be_v porous_a that_o it_o may_v thereby_o attract_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o expulse_v the_o excrementitious_a vapour_n of_o the_o body_n now_o the_o excrement_n which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pore_n be_v sweat_n sweat_n be_v a_o excrementitious_a humidity_n of_o the_o three_o coction_n break_v out_o by_o the_o skin_n in_o the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o water_n the_o matter_n of_o sweat_n be_v the_o whole_a humidity_n which_o be_v get_v in_o meat_n and_o drink_n which_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o all_o animal_n because_o it_o may_v make_v way_n for_o other_o aliment_n and_o not_o long_o lie_v in_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la with_o urine_n only_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o urine_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o bladder_n this_o with_o blood_n a_o long_a passage_n through_o the_o body_n its_o efficient_a cause_n be_v heat_n but_o not_o so_o vehement_a as_o to_o have_v a_o dry_a faculty_n but_o moist_a so_o calefy_v the_o nature_n of_o sweat_n by_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n that_o it_o become_v thin_a and_o so_o soften_v the_o skin_n by_o relaxation_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o pass_v through_o those_o who_o skin_n be_v hard_a and_o thick_a be_v very_o unapt_a to_o sweat_v l_o flesh_n may_v be_v take_v either_o proper_o or_o improper_o when_o proper_o take_v then_o absolute_o that_o which_o be_v describe_v by_o we_o and_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n for_o the_o substance_n of_o they_o do_v true_o and_o proper_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o flesh_n that_o which_o be_v take_v improper_o be_v the_o flesh_n of_o the_o bowel_n generate_v of_o blood_n pour_v out_o as_o the_o liver_n heart_n and_o lung_n chap._n 10._o of_o external_n dissimilar_v part_n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o similar_v part_n now_o of_o dissimilar_v or_o organical_a which_o be_v diverse_o compound_v of_o the_o similar_v 2._o and_o they_o be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a 3._o the_o external_a part_n be_v first_o the_o head_n second_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n three_o the_o artus_fw-la under_o which_o we_o comprehend_v the_o arm_n and_o foot_n 4._o the_o head_n be_v the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o body_n globular_a set_v upon_o the_o neck_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o animal_n faculty_n 5._o its_o part_n that_o be_v external_a be_v chief_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o face_n 6._o the_o skull_n be_v a_o craf_v bone_n of_o the_o head_n round_o distinguish_v into_o twenty_o bone_n and_o certain_a future_n cover_v the_o brain_n environ_v it_o on_o every_o side_n 7._o its_o bone_n be_v thus_o distinguish_v there_o be_v two_o in_o the_o crown_n one_o in_o the_o front_n two_o in_o the_o temple_n one_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o sieve_n twelve_o in_o the_o superior_a jaw_n and_o one_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n 8._o there_o be_v three_o suture_n the_o first_o be_v transverse_v the_o crown_n go_v from_o towards_o one_o ear_n to_o the_o
pour_v into_o the_o great_a vein_n from_o the_o fleshy_a part_n that_o be_v already_o fill_v and_o satiate_v 13._o therefore_o this_o blood_n be_v laudable_a and_o alimentary_a who_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o woman_n 14._o for_o the_o female_a be_v always_o more_o cold_a than_o the_o male_a therefore_o she_o can_v make_v all_o the_o last_o alâ—…ment_n and_o convert_v it_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o be_v send_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o womb_n that_o it_o may_v he_o excern_v 15._o the_o time_n of_o excretion_n be_v not_o design_v but_o in_o many_o it_o begin_v at_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o their_o age_n and_o cease_v about_o the_o fifty_o year_n because_o then_o heat_n grow_v weak_a and_o do_v not_o long_o generate_v the_o relic_n of_o laudable_a blood_n neither_o can_v it_o expel_v they_o if_o they_o do_v abound_v 16._o the_o use_n of_o this_o menstruous_a blood_n be_v very_o necessary_a both_o that_o it_o may_v cause_v a_o conception_n and_o afterward_o nourish_v after_o conception_n 17._o therefore_o seed_n be_v the_o principle_n from_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o conformation_n be_v make_v from_o which_o as_o from_o the_o matter_n the_o spermatick_a part_n be_v generate_v but_o blood_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o matter_n alone_o and_o passive_a principle_n 18._o for_o of_o it_o be_v both_o the_o carnous_a part_n generate_v and_o both_o the_o spermatick_a and_o carnous_a nourish_v 19_o but_o to_o the_o seed_n be_v allot_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o the_o efficient_a and_o matterial_a principle_n because_o it_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n for_o the_o efficient_a be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o spirit_n on_o which_o on_o every_o side_n be_v pour_v the_o material_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o body_n and_o crassament_n of_o which_o the_o spermatick_a part_n be_v generate_v 20._o and_o the_o seed_n be_v double_a the_o one_o of_o the_o male_a the_o other_o of_o the_o female_a but_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o male_a be_v of_o great_a force_n 21._o neither_o do_v the_o peripatetic_n altogether_o deny_v woman_n to_o emit_v seed_n as_o galen_n and_o not_o a_o few_o more_o have_v exclaim_v against_o they_o but_o as_o they_o say_v they_o do_v not_o emit_v seed_n as_o man_n neither_o have_v they_o such_o seed_n 22._o for_o woman_n do_v put_v forth_o seed_n but_o not_o such_o as_o man_n do_v that_o be_v not_o so_o crass_a white_a and_o full_a of_o spirit_n 23._o for_o when_o man_n seed_n be_v pour_v out_o into_o the_o womb_n it_o be_v exquisite_o mix_v with_o the_o woman_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fruitful_a field_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o permixion_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o womb_n be_v gather_v up_o together_o and_o do_v contract_v itself_o so_o close_o that_o no_o empty_a space_n be_v leave_v within_o 24._o seed_n so_o e_z taken_z and_o strict_o comprehend_v be_v cherish_v in_o the_o womb_n by_o its_o heat_n and_o ingenital_a property_n exciting_a its_o strength_n lurk_v within_o it_o and_o stimulate_v it_o to_o act_v insomuch_o that_o it_o break_v out_o into_o action_n 25._o this_o action_n of_o the_o womb_n they_o call_v conception_n which_o be_v a_o promotion_n of_o the_o retain_v seed_n to_o duty_n 26._o the_o sign_n of_o conception_n f_o be_v these_o a_o tickle_a over_o the_o whole_a body_n upon_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o seed_n a_o retention_n of_o the_o seed_n if_o the_o inward_a mouth_n of_o the_o womb_n do_v exquisite_o shut_v and_o open_v a_o small_a pain_n wander_v about_o the_o belly_n if_o the_o term_n be_v stop_v if_o the_o breast_n swell_v and_o grow_v hard_a a_o nauseous_a stomach_n and_o frequent_a vomit_n 27._o therefore_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v use_v as_o a_o instrument_n for_o this_o divine_a faculty_n of_o generation_n in_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n or_o centre_n whereby_o the_o work_n of_o conception_n be_v carry_v on_o and_o of_o which_o the_o conception_n itself_o be_v constitute_v 28._o this_o work_n can_v be_v make_v without_o ordination_n position_n secretion_n concretion_n densation_n rarefaction_n extension_n contraction_n arist._n 29._o therefore_o when_o the_o spirit_n begin_v to_o act_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o seed_n consist_v of_o heterogeneous_a part_n it_o first_o divide_v its_o dissimilar_v part_n those_o that_o be_v thin_a and_o tender_a and_o full_a of_o spirit_n it_o hide_v within_o those_o that_o be_v cold_a and_o thick_a which_o arise_v from_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o woman_n it_o cover_v without_o 30._o the_o middle_a and_o more_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v puff_v up_o or_o blow_v up_o by_o heat_n and_o spirit_n to_o the_o effiguration_n of_o the_o member_n 31._o the_o number_n of_o these_o membrane_n be_v yet_o undetermined_a we_o reckon_v only_o three_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v amnio_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o young_a wrap_v it_o from_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o foot_n contain_v the_o excrement_n also_o with_o it_o in_o which_o the_o young_a swim_v as_o it_o be_v 32._o the_o second_o be_v call_v alantois_n it_o be_v the_o middle_n between_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o thin_a and_o narrow_a only_o go_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o young_a and_o it_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o urine_n 33._o the_o three_o tunicle_n be_v call_v chorion_n and_o it_o be_v the_o outermost_a cover_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o young_a and_o adhere_v to_o the_o womb_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o umbilical_a vein_n and_o artery_n 34._o these_o 3_o membrane_n mutual_o connated_a to_o themselves_o do_v seem_v to_o constitute_v one_o tunicle_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n secundina_fw-la 35._o the_o interior_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v encloister_v in_o these_o and_o as_o it_o be_v environ_v the_o formative_a virtue_n and_o as_o it_o be_v vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o same_o seed_n which_o contain_v in_o potency_n all_o part_n both_o similar_v and_o instrumental_a do_v coact_v together_o and_o as_o it_o be_v delineate_v so_o that_o the_o rude_a exordium_n of_o these_o part_n or_o at_o least_o a_o resemblance_n of_o they_o may_v be_v see_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o seven_o day_n 36._o for_o when_o the_o vital_a spirit_n which_o be_v the_o framer_n of_o generation_n be_v the_o same_o and_o do_v act_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o moment_n disposit_v into_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o alter_v by_o heat_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o this_o agent_n may_v decline_v all_o part_n natural_a once_o and_o again_o 37._o yet_o there_o be_v a_o order_n observe_v in_o the_o formation_n of_o member_n ay_o one_o member_n be_v perfect_v before_o another_o 38._o and_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o most_o necessary_a the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o ignoble_a and_o least_o necessary_a the_o last_o of_o all_o 39_o therefore_o the_o formatrix_fw-la faculty_n do_v perfect_a in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o spermatick_a part_n of_o the_o male_a in_o thirty_o day_n of_o the_o female_a in_o forty_o or_o forty_o two_o 40._o nor_o do_v it_o hinder_v what_o some_o learned_a man_n do_v object_n that_o so_o little_a seed_n do_v not_o suffice_v for_o the_o constitute_n of_o these_o part_n for_o the_o sperme_n be_v appoint_v not_o only_o to_o suffice_v the_o formation_n but_o the_o auction_n also_o 41._o again_o if_o this_o sperme_n which_o prove_v abortive_a or_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o section_n of_o the_o live_a animal_n be_v cast_v into_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v scarce_o exceed_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a emmeâ—…_n 42._o the_o carnous_a part_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o spermatical_a delineation_n from_o the_o other_o principle_n of_o generation_n to_o wit_n blood_n which_o flow_v by_o the_o navel_n vein_n 43._o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o flesh_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o bowel_n first_o the_o flesh_n 〈◊〉_d second_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v call_v proper_o and_o absolute_o flesh_n three_o the_o peculiar_a flesh_n of_o every_o part_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o flesh_n be_v not_o generate_v together_o but_o in_o order_n 44._o for_o first_o of_o all_o the_o flesh_n parencyma_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n spleen_n and_o biter_n afterward_o the_o peculiar_a flesh_n of_o every_o part_n and_o last_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o muscle_n 45._o and_o among_o the_o flesh_n parencymate_n that_o of_o the_o liver_n be_v the_o first_o make_v because_o the_o umbilical_a vein_n do_v first_o pour_v blood_n into_o it_o which_o concretes_n after_o fusion_n and_o become_v flesh_n then_o that_o of_o the_o heart_n and_o last_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bowel_n 46._o so_o that_o the_o infant_n begin_v