the_o sun_n rarefy_v ascend_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o these_o vapour_n be_v condensat_fw-la and_o thicken_v and_o turâ—…d_v into_o a_o cloud_n and_o afterward_o be_v turn_v into_o rain_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o that_o there_o be_v such_o damp_n and_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n can_v rational_o be_v deny_v nay_o many_o thousand_o and_o million_o of_o they_o ascend_v which_o we_o do_v not_o see_v nor_o observe_v i_o have_v see_v in_o frosty_a morning_n the_o mouth_n of_o coal-sinks_a and_o empty_a passage_n from_o waste_n ground_n where_o coal_n have_v be_v dig_v out_o fume_n and_o vapour_n come_v out_o so_o plentiful_o as_o fume_n from_o a_o salt-pan_n some_o do_v fit_o compare_v this_o earth_n to_o a_o bag-pudding_n take_v out_o of_o a_o boiling-pot_n which_o send_v forth_o vapour_n in_o abundance_n likewise_o from_o the_o surface_v of_o stand_v and_o run_v water_n what_o number_n may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o warm_a summer_n evening_n nay_o from_o the_o body_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a perspiration_n but_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a of_o all_o be_v those_o which_o be_v exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n we_o see_v that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v hot_a in_o summer_n the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o ground_n after_o rain_n cover_v over_o with_o undul_v or_o little_a curl_a wave_n a_o small_a gale_n of_o wind_n be_v stir_v like_a unto_o the_o curl_a wave_n of_o the_o sea_n analogical_o and_o so_o slender_a and_o pure_a be_v they_o that_o whilst_o a_o man_n be_v among_o they_o he_o can_v see_v they_o but_o at_o a_o distance_n he_o may_v look_v along_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n likewise_o what_o multitude_n of_o they_o may_v be_v see_v along_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o man_n stand_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o coast._n and_o so_o thick_a be_v they_o that_o they_o have_v wonderful_o lift_v up_o and_o magnify_v much_o of_o the_o land_n and_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v far_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v nay_o eclipse_v whole_a village_n and_o town_n and_o metamorphose_v they_o into_o various_a shape_n and_o form_n all_o which_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o multiplicity_n and_o thickness_n now_o these_o vapour_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o by_o process_n of_o time_n they_o be_v condensat_fw-la and_o thicken_v by_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o and_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v inquire_v by_o what_o cause_n â—…r_v power_n be_v these_o vapour_n carry_v up_o see_v they_o be_v material_a thing_n and_o endue_v with_o weight_n for_o answer_v i_o must_v premit_fw-la some_o few_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o ordinary_o occur_v first_o that_o in_o all_o heavy_a body_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a weight_n one_o specifical_a the_o other_o individual_a the_o specifical_a weight_n be_v find_v in_o body_n which_o differ_v by_o nature_n as_o wood_n and_o stone_n balance_v one_o with_o another_o equal_a quantity_n with_o equal_a quantity_n â—…_n individual_a weight_n be_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o same_o body_n but_o after_o a_o different_a way_n and_o manner_n for_o example_n stone_n be_v natural_o or_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o wood_n put_v equal_a quantity_n against_o equal_a quantity_n for_o a_o cubical-foot_n of_o stone_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o cubical-foot_n of_o water_n body_n of_o the_o same_o individual_a weight_n or_o such_o as_o be_v weigh_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n as_o a_o pound_n of_o lead_n and_o a_o pound_n of_o wool_n be_v individual_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n but_o of_o different_a weight_n specifical_o second_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o balance_n the_o one_o natural_a the_o other_o artificial_a the_o natural_a balance_n be_v the_o mercurial_a weatherglass_n wherein_o the_o mercury_n counterpoise_v the_o air_n and_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n both_o of_o they_o observe_v a_o equal_a altitude_n according_a to_o their_o natural_a weight_n for_o since_o the_o mercury_n be_v reckon_v 14000_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o air_n the_o pillar_n of_o the_o one_o must_v be_v 14000_o time_n low_a than_o the_o other_o and_o so_o both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o height_n according_a to_o their_o specifical_a weight_n the_o artificial_a balance_n be_v that_o mechanical_a power_n call_v the_o libra_n three_o that_o one_o body_n natural_o light_a than_o another_o may_v become_v of_o equal_a weight_n or_o heavy_a than_o that_o other_o for_o example_n the_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v be_v far_o light_a specifical_o than_o the_o air_n yet_o they_o become_v heavy_a specifical_o when_o contract_v and_o reduce_v by_o a_o cold_a to_o a_o thick_a habit_n or_o consistency_n and_o most_o of_o all_o when_o they_o be_v convert_v to_o rain_n but_o how_o shall_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o vapour_n be_v natural_o light_a than_o the_o air_n i_o answer_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o take_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n with_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o air_n and_o weigh_v they_o in_o a_o balance_n the_o air_n will_v be_v heavy_a we_o know_v that_o oil_n be_v light_a than_o water_n for_o be_v put_v under_o water_n it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n so_o the_o vapour_n go_v up_o through_o the_o air_n as_o oil_n go_v up_o through_o the_o water_n now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n and_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o vapour_n be_v carry_v upward_o not_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v a_o vulgar_a error_n but_o they_o be_v specifical_o and_o natural_o light_a than_o the_o air_n be_v press_v up_o by_o it_o as_o smoak_n till_o they_o come_v so_o far_o up_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v they_o i_o shall_v make_v this_o evident_a by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v a_o diver_n go_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o bottle_n of_o oil_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o pour_v it_o out_o there_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o such_o be_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n it_o shall_v drive_v it_o all_o up_o to_o the_o surface_n above_o for_o as_o the_o oil_n be_v natural_o light_a than_o the_o water_n so_o these_o vapour_n be_v natural_o light_a than_o the_o air._n now_o these_o vapour_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o number_n ascend_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n many_o mile_n above_o the_o cloud_n cause_v the_o air_n here_o below_o press_n with_o great_a weight_n upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o so_o raise_v the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o wether_n glass_n one_o inch_n or_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o air_n above_o can_v be_v press_v down_o and_o burden_v with_o that_o new_a weight_n and_o addition_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v but_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n below_o must_v find_v the_o say_a pressure_n but_o how_o be_v these_o vapour_n condensat_fw-la and_o thicken_v together_o and_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n i_o shall_v do_v this_o by_o a_o most_o evident_a and_o clear_a example_n we_o can_v more_o fit_o compare_v these_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o descend_v again_o in_o rain_n than_o to_o a_o alembick_a or_o distillater_n for_o these_o fume_n be_v carry_v upward_o within_o the_o pot_n and_o meet_v with_o a_o cold_a receptacle_n for_o the_o pipe_n descend_v go_v ordinary_o through_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o cold_a water_n they_o be_v present_o reduce_v to_o their_o first_o condition_n and_o fall_v down_o in_o liquor_n so_o be_v the_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v from_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o cold_a brain_n receive_v and_o distil_v but_o why_o shall_v the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o rain_n cause_n the_o quicksilver_n fall_v down_o and_o why_o shall_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o vapour_n cause_v the_o quicksilver_n to_o rise_v for_o clear_v of_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v advert_v that_o whilst_o the_o mercury_n be_v up_o at_o one_o and_o thirty_o inch_n there_o be_v a_o equal_a balance_n or_o weight_n between_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v the_o least_o weight_n subtract_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o as_o much_o must_v be_v subtract_v from_o the_o height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n as_o by_o take_v away_o one_o ounce_n from_o this_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n the_o other_o present_o go_v down_o or_o by_o add_v one_o ounce_n to_o this_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n the_o other_o scale_n present_o go_v up_o hence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n become_v less_o by_o the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o the_o height_n of_o the_o
grow_a of_o the_o tide_n above_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n raise_v it_o high_o and_o high_a in_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ascend_n of_o the_o vapour_n loadn_v the_o atmosphere_n more_o and_o more_o and_o consequent_o it_o press_v with_o more_o weight_n upon_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cistern_n and_o as_o the_o vapour_n be_v turn_v into_o rain_n and_o the_o mercury_n fall_v down_o so_o by_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o water_n the_o three_o inch_n of_o mercury_n fall_v down_o within_o the_o weatherglass_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v how_o far_o do_v these_o vapour_n ascend_v i_o answer_v that_o philospher_n distinguish_v the_o air_n into_o three_o region_n the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o but_o both_o philospher_n and_o astronomer_n do_v vary_v exceed_o in_o determine_v the_o height_n of_o any_o of_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o curious_o inquire_v but_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o thin_a and_o light_a vapour_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n go_v many_o mile_n above_o the_o cloud_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o wind_n nor_o rain_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v powerful_a many_o mile_n up_o must_v carry_v the_o vapour_n so_o far_o up_o but_o to_o determine_v particular_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a only_o in_o general_n they_o ascend_v very_o far_o now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v compose_v and_o consist_v of_o such_o vapour_n be_v call_v sphaera_fw-la halituum_fw-la which_o no_o doubt_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n and_o hight_v these_o vapour_n when_o they_o be_v once_o past_o the_o inferior_a region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o will_v not_o exceed_v a_o english_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a go_v up_o quick_o and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o atmosphere_n where_o they_o accresce_fw-it to_o a_o considerable_a height_n perhaps_o 40_o or_o 50_o mile_n above_o the_o cloud_n where_o by_o some_o extrinsic_a cause_n as_o extremity_n of_o cold_a they_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o atmosphere_n first_o as_o mist_n or_o dew_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o low_a region_n where_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n they_o cover_v the_o whole_a heaven_n though_o never_o so_o clear_a before_o how_o many_o time_n before_o rain_n will_v this_o be_v see_v beside_o there_o be_v above_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o which_o astronomer_n call_v the_o diluculum_fw-la and_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la that_o be_v both_o the_o dawn_v of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o twilight_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o one_o beginning_n about_o two_o hour_n before_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o the_o other_o end_v about_o two_o hour_n after_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v down_o for_o if_o that_o crepusculum_fw-la be_v not_o there_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o light_n until_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o shall_v have_v no_o light_n after_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v this_o sphere_n be_v unalterable_a and_o without_o accresce_fw-it or_o decrease_n but_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vapour_n come_v to_o it_o and_o decrease_v again_o next_o the_o refraction_n which_o make_v the_o sun_n or_o star_n to_o appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n high_o than_o real_o it_o be_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o shepherd_n that_o if_o the_o sun_n appear_v soon_o above_o the_o horizon_n than_o ordinary_a the_o day_n follow_v shall_v be_v rainy_n they_o see_v indeed_o the_o image_n of_o the_o sun_n a_o little_a before_o he_o rise_v which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o refraction_n or_o thick_a medium_fw-la of_o the_o vapour_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o horizon_n for_o example_n let_v a_o man_n so_o fix_v his_o eye_n upon_o a_o wide_a vessel_n with_o a_o open_a mouth_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o money_n in_o the_o bottom_n he_o shall_v not_o see_v it_o till_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n for_o water_n be_v a_o thick_a medium_fw-la raise_v the_o image_n of_o the_o money_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o eye_n by_o a_o break_a and_o crooked_a line_n which_o be_v radium_fw-la refrangere_fw-la or_o rather_o refringere_fw-la it_o may_v be_v further_o inquire_v why_o the_o cloud_n be_v sustain_v or_o what_o keep_v they_o up_o from_o fall_v down_o this_o be_v a_o considerable_a question_n and_o well_o worthy_a of_o a_o divine_a answer_n the_o lord_n say_v to_o job_n do_v thou_o know_v the_o balance_a of_o the_o cloud_n the_o wondrous_a work_n of_o he_o who_o be_v perfect_a in_o knowledge_n the_o cloud_n than_o be_v suspend_v not_o miraculous_o yet_o wonderful_o by_o natural_a cause_n for_o as_o a_o ship_n be_v sustain_v from_o sink_v by_o a_o even_a balance_n with_o the_o water_n so_o be_v the_o cloud_n keep_v up_o by_o a_o even_a and_o equal_a balance_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o real_o sustain_v they_o if_o they_o be_v light_n and_o thin_a they_o go_v further_o up_o but_o if_o they_o be_v heavy_a and_o black_a they_o come_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v still_o in_o a_o equal_a balance_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n and_o as_o the_o loadned_a ship_n go_v further_o down_o in_o the_o water_n than_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v not_o burden_v so_o do_v the_o black_a and_o heavy_a cloud_n swim_v low_a than_o the_o light_n and_o white_a cloud_n but_o when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a convocation_n of_o cloud_n together_o in_o one_o place_n each_o one_o press_v upon_o another_o and_o so_o like_a honey-comb_n they_o distil_v their_o drop_n upon_o the_o earth_n note_v that_o the_o great_a ship_n in_o europe_n with_o all_o her_o furniture_n for_o war_n be_v but_o the_o just_a and_o exact_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n thrust_v out_o of_o its_o place_n by_o the_o ship_n water-draught_n it_o may_v be_v yet_o inquire_v how_o far_o be_v these_o cloud_n from_o the_o earth_n which_o send_v down_o the_o rain_n i_o answer_v the_o sure_a way_n to_o know_v be_v by_o the_o thunder_n observe_v then_o how_o many_o second_o of_o time_n do_v pass_v between_o the_o first_o see_v of_o the_o glance_n and_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o crack_n if_o the_o noise_n be_v straight_o up_o five_o or_o six_o will_v pass_v which_o make_v a_o english_a mile_n in_o mountainous_a ground_n which_o lie_v high_o three_o at_o the_o most_o will_v intervene_v about_o five_o hundred_o pass_n to_o know_v exact_o a_o second_o of_o time_n whereof_o 3600_o make_v a_o hour_n follow_v this_o method_n take_v a_o small_a chord_n of_o thirty_o and_o seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a exact_o to_o which_o append_v a_o lead-bullet_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n hang_v it_o so_o that_o it_o may_v swing_n to_o and_o fro_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n each_o one_o of_o these_o swing_v be_v a_o second_o of_o time._n but_o may_v it_o not_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o raise_v the_o quicksilver_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cloud_n which_o swim_v above_o we_o and_o that_o the_o fall_v down_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o these_o cloud_n into_o rain_n i_o answer_v this_o can_v be_v for_o when_o the_o heaven_n be_v most_o serene_a and_o clear_a the_o mercury_n be_v further_a up_o and_o when_o the_o heaven_n be_v nubilous_a and_o cover_v with_o cloud_n the_o mercury_n many_o a_o time_n be_v further_a down_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v whether_o the_o crack_n of_o thunder_n make_v any_o alteration_n upon_o the_o weatherglass_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v three_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o thunder_n first_o the_o lightning_n second_o the_o crack_n three_o the_o thunderbolt_n which_o three_o be_v lively_o represent_v to_o we_o by_o the_o shoot_n of_o a_o cannon_n for_o the_o fire_n come_v out_o of_o the_o muzzle_n represent_v the_o lightning_n the_o report_n represent_v the_o crack_n and_o the_o bullet_n the_o thunderbolt_n but_o there_o be_v a_o more_o lively_a representation_n of_o thunder_n in_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la which_o like_o the_o thunderbolt_n carry_v its_o stroke_n downward_o three_o grain_n of_o which_o though_o never_o so_o little_o make_v hot_a take_v fire_n and_o give_v a_o great_a report_n than_o two_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n so_o stupendous_a be_v it_o but_o there_o be_v nothing_o here_o which_o can_v make_v any_o alteration_n upon_o the_o wether_n glass_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v if_o the_o wind_n make_v any_o alteration_n upon_o it_o i_o answer_v winds_z be_v nothing_o but_o air_n agitate_a nor_o tempest_n but_o air-flood_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o air._n these_o do_v real_o influence_n the_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o in_o cause_v the_o quicksilver_n subside_o and_o fall_v down_o but_o in_o cause_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mercury_n tremble_v and_o make_v some_o visible_a reciprocation_n
quicksilver_n must_v decresce_fw-it also_o and_o contrariwise_o which_o clear_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o question_n whilst_o the_o vapour_n be_v ascend_v and_o go_v up_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o burden_a and_o by_o consequence_n the_o quicksilver_n rise_v sometime_o less_o and_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o one_o inch_n sometime_o two_o or_o three_o but_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o whole_a air_n or_o that_o great_a and_o vast_a bulk_n of_o it_o can_v be_v in_o equal_a weight_n with_o so_o small_a a_o portion_n of_o quicksilver_n grant_v the_o air_n to_o be_v so_o heavy_a as_o be_v common_o report_v i_o answer_v it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n according_a to_o its_o thickness_n or_o bulk_n which_o make_v any_o counterbalance_n with_o the_o quicksilver_n but_o it_o be_v the_o air_n reckon_v according_a to_o height_n because_o fluid_a body_n do_v not_o counterpoise_v one_o another_o according_a to_o all_o their_o dimension_n but_o only_o according_a to_o 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