Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	earth_n	hot_a	3,655	5	8.1377	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09766	The secrets and wonders of the world A booke right rare and straunge, containing many excellent properties, giuen to man, beastes, foules, fishes and serpents, trees, plants &c. Abstracted out of that excellent naturall historiographer Plinie. Translated out of French into English.; Naturalis historia. English. Abridgments	Pliny, the Elder.; Alday, John, attributed name.; I. A.	1585 (1585)	STC 20032; ESTC S110483	38,595	64

THE Secrets and wonders of the world A BOOKE RIGHT rare and straunge containing many excellent properties giuen to Man Beastes Foules Fishes and Serpents Trees Plants c. Abstracted out of that excellent naturall Historiographer Plinie Translated out of French into English At London ❧ Printed for Thomas Hacket and are to be solde at his shop in Lumberd streete vnder the Popes head 1585. To the vvorshipful and his very good friend Maister Richard Candler as one that wisheth the fauour of God long happy life encrease of worship with continuall health and felicitie SO it is worshipfull Syr I haue deuised with my selfe many times howe to gratifie you with some token of my good will towardes you but welth and abilitie lacking to accomplish my desired pretence yet nowe at the last I haue presumed knowing your wonted curtesies towardes all men to dedicate this Abstract of Plinies desiring you to take it with as good a will as I haue ment it till hereafter that some seriusser matter come to my hande and thus I bid you most hartely farewell in the Lord who keepe you and all yours prosper and preserue you in all your good and godly enterprises Amen Yours to vse T. H. To the Reader HEre hast thou gentle Reader set forth vnto thee this Booke named The Secrets and wonders of the Worlde abstracted out of the sixteene first Bookes of that excellent naturall Historiographer Plinie for the straungenesse and worthinesse thereof I referre thee to thine owne iudgement requesting thee to take this in good part shortly shal be by Gods grace set forth vnto thee three worthy and learned bookes the first is of the Cituation of the world writte by Pomponius Mela The second is a perfite Peregrination and true discouerie of Graecie Turkey Arabia and Siria with the maner of their Cities and their Antiquities The third is Iulius Sollinus Pollihistorie the which bookes thou shalt finde both to be pleasant and profitable And thus I bid thee farewel in Christ who keep vs. Amē ❧ The Secretes and wonders of the World abstracted out of the principall of the naturall Historiographers PLINIE the naturall Historiographer was borne vnder the Emperour Tyberian and died vnder Titus the Emperour that destroyed Hierusalem after the death and passion of our Lord Iesus Christ in which time he did attribute his woorkes In the first booke which is briefe he maketh his preambles In the second he treateth of the worlde and of other matters He describeth that the worlde is alone and round naturally vnmoueable although that there are certaine places moueable and that may moue by the concauites of the earth being full of winde There are foure Elementes the Earth the Water and the Fyre aboue the Ayre néere to the first firmament Which is fire natural and therefore there néedeth no wood to continue the same Vnder the Earth are the Planetes which are called Strayers and yet they moue lesse then the others but it is of the mutation of their influences of the Firmament among the which is the Sunne rector and the guider of the other Planets principall gouernour of nature The other Starres are not attributed as some doe thinke as the greatest and clearest to the rich and the least to the poore and the obscure and darke starres to those that of nature are infected For we haue no such societie with the Starres that they shoulde die with vs and therefore they are equally deuided seruing to eche one The Moone hath her Planet comming before her as the Sunne hath the day Starre she doeth encrease and diminish and sometimes is at the full a●d sometimes shée hath hornes euen as the Sunne doeth giue and take away her clearenesse The earth is betwéene them both the Moone is in the first heauen the Sunne in the fourth and when the one is highe the other is lowe and the other Starres are more higher in the Skie and therefore they séeme lesse then the Moone The obscuritie and darckenesse of the Moone cōmeth by the humours of the earth that is drawen or sucked vp from the earth By the Geometrie of this worlde the Stade which is fourtie roddes doeth containe 125. paces the whiche are 525. foote Sometimes there hath bene séene in the appearance thrée Sunnes and thrée Moones In the Aire it raineth sometimes naturally Stones suckt vp by the vapours of the earth sometimes Frogges and some time blood in diuers figures The Heliotropium in his floure doeth turne euery day and followe the Sunne The Ant doeth neuer beginne to hourde vp but in the full Moone The nature of the windes are diuers according to the diuersitie of Countreies and they procéed of the earth and of the vapours of the same which causeth sometimes in many places Earthquakes The Thunders and Lightnings doe neuer fall in the winter for the coldnesse of the ayre doth kéepe them in and choakes them and therefore they fall in the Sommer and many times they marre the Wine without touching the vessell There was a woman at Rome whose childe was slaine within her wombe by thunder and lightning and the woman had no hurt at all Thrée things there are that neuer féele any harme by thunders and lightnings the Laurel trée on the Earth the Eagle in the Skie and the Seacalse in the Sea for they neuer fall vpon their skinnes therefore best assured are they that are so clad Naturally there are signes and tokens in the earth the Sea and the Aire and therefore it hath rained sometimes Blood Stones Wooll yea great stones accumulated in the ayre by the coldnesse thereof The Rainebowe is not séene in a close and rainy day but the Sunne beames entring into the concauites of the Earth doe reflexe the Sunne and make varietie of colours by the mixture of the cloudes in the aire and is séene most commonly in the Sommer Also there are neuer lightly séene aboue two Rainbowes The earth is the mother of all liuing creatures In the aire is séene many times darkenesse clowdes the Hailes are deriued of the waters but the earth is lowly seruing to all creatures she bringeth forth Corne Wine Fruites and all kinde of things pertaining to man Shée bringeth foorth Iron Lead Golde Siluer precious Stones and Herbes seruing vnto mans health yea if that a Serpent chaunce to bite any person the earth will not receiue that Serpent when it is dead The earth is compassed round about with waters the which is more knowen by experience then by arguments and some part thereof is not inhabited towards the North because of the great colde An other part is not inhabited because of the extreame heate towards the South The middle of the earth is the Centry to the which most waightiest things doe take holde In some places there is no shadowe of the Sunne specially in Alexandria the great where as there is a déepe well without shadowe Anaxemenes Milesius was the first founders of Dials There are many signes of

mouings and mutations of times without great appearance as in the Sea when that without winde the waues doe rise and rage And in the Skie when that there is a long stripe or line and when that the well waters are troubled Two mountaines haue bene séene naturally hit and touch one another as if they had foughten the waters méeting together to striue and marueilously to encrease and beastes to dye In Asia twelue Cities were subuerted by the Earthquakes without perceiuing thereof at Rome Neare vnto Rome there are two hundreth acres of ground the which doeth shake when there are horses running thereon In the I le of Paphos there is a place where there did neuer fall rayne And in the same Ile Nea in the Citie of Troados the sacrifices do neuer putrifie nor rot Nere to Harpasa a towne in Asia there is a great Moūtaine that one may shake with their finger but if you put your whole strength to it it remaineth vnmoueable There are two Mountaines neare to the flood of Nyle the nature of them are diuers for the one retaineth yron the other casteth it off in such sort that if any of their shooes be clouted with nailes that goe vpon the said hill they can neither go nor stande but are cast off and on the other hil their shoes will sticke fast In the Citie of Charagena there is a certaine grounde that healeth all kinde of sores and diseases the Sea doeth purge in the full Moone and the fluctuations of the Seas commeth by the Sunne and Moone the which causeth it In the hie Sea there neuer falleth snowe the Sea is most hottest in Winter and saltest in Sommer Of fresh waters there are diuers sortes In Dodone is the Frountaine called Iupiters Spring which doeth kindle firebrandes it diminisheth at Noone and encreaseth at midnight and then afterwards decreaseth and faileth at midday There are many hote waters because of the smoke closenesse of the hilles from whence these hote waters spring There are Springs that will make blacke Shéepe become white and other waters that maketh white shéepe become blacke by continuance of drinking and others that the ewes that drinke in thē their milke will become black At Lincestis there is a Fountaine of water that will make them that drinke thereof drunken Also in Paphlagonia and in the field Calenus in the I le of Andro there is a Fountaine or Spring that rendreth wine euery yéere in the Nonas of Ianuarie In a fielde called Carrimensis in Spaine there is a Riuer that will make the fishes that are therin to séeme of the colour of golde and if they are put into any other water they will séeme as other fishes Among the meruailes of fire the Mountaine called Ethna in Silicia burneth continually the flames whereof are séene aboue the hill toppe An other hill that is called Chimera burneth in like maner the fire of which hill is sooner quenched with earth or with hay then with water In the third fourth fifth and sixth bookes Plinie describeth the earth the waters and the Ilandes and deuideth the worlde into Asia Affrica and Europa Asia conteineth the halfe of the world in the which is Armenia Capadocia Albania Suauia where as there is no mettall but gold Seithies where as is the swéete Sea and there are trees that bring forth silke ready to spinne India where there are people very riche they labour with Elephantes and go to warre with them Their king hath ordinarily sixe hundreth thousand footemen thirtie thousand horsemen nine thousand Camels to his gages and to his daily cost and when they be so olde that they can scarse see nor can liue no longer they cast them selues into a great fire Beyonde the Indians is the I le called Taprobane where as is the gréene Sea and there is planted precious stones with mettalls of gold and siluer The men of that Countrey are more greater then others they sell their marchandise by making of signes the Moone neuer shineth with thē aboue sixe houres they haue small edifices or buildings their vitailes neuer waxeth deare for their God they haue Hercules They doe elect and choose an olde man to their King which hath no children and if he chaunce to haue any whilest he is king they doe kill them to that ende that the kingdome be not inherited by their elected king they doe constitute xxx gouernours without whose assent none can bee condemned to death If their king doeth misdoe they doe punish him or depose him from the crowne This nation taketh great delite in the chase of Tigres and Clephantes and doeth abounde in corne and fruites they doe delight to fishe for shell fishes which are there very great in so much that one may hide themselues in their shelles Alexandria the great was founded by the great king Alexander and neare vnto that is the redde Sea by the repercussion of the Sunne that doeth so colour it or els for that the mood and the grauell is such or for that it is the nature of the water Also Siria and Arabia whose people are tāned and heary all saue the head and they are apparelled with the skinnes of fish There is also Mesopotanie Babylon Assiria Arabia the flood of Tyger hath his originall in a fountaine of Armenia In the I le of Sagaros there can no Dogge liue for as soone as he entereth into the I le he turneth round till hée fall downe dead The Sabiens are riche with the fertilitie of their Forrests with mettals Hony and Waxe The Candeans liue with Serpentes and in the I le of Gagaudes was first founde Popeniayes Idumea Iuda Hierusalem Galile Sirie Palestin which was the first founder of letters and at the first in stéede of letters vsed certaine figures of beastes Also there is a Nation called Hesseneans liuing without wyues and without lecherie When they are dead they are cast into the Sea they liue without money and growe of the dead Of the Ethiopians there are diuers formes and kindes of men Some there are towards the East that haue neither nose nor nostrelles but the face all full Others that haue no vpper lippe they are without tongues and they speake by signes and they haue but a little hole to take their breath at by the which they drinke with an Oten strawe There are some called Syrbote that are eight foote high they liue with the chase of Elephantes In a part of Affricke by people called Ptoemphane for their king they haue a Dogge at whose fansie they are gouerned to whome they doe pronosticate their doings and their conduct in warre Towards the West there is a people called Arimaspi that hath but one eye in their forehead they are in the desert and wilde Countrey The people called Agriphagi liue with the flesh of Pāthers and Lyons and the people called Antropomphagi which we call Canibals liue with humaine flesh The Cinamolgi their heades are almoste like to the heads of Dogges Affrica

aunciently called Libia doeth containe the Moores and the pillers of Hercules among the sloods there is Onylus that doeth ingender Cocodrils There are goodly Forrests with vnknowen trées some of the which trees beare small threades of the which is made clothing of Cotton Cyrenes and Syrtes make their houses of salt stones cut out of the mountaines there is the mountaine of Giry the which doeth ingender and bring foorth many precious stones In Libie which is at the ende of the Ethiopes there are people differing from the common order of others they haue among them no names and they curse the Sunne for his great heate by the which they are all blacke sauing their téeth and a little the palme of their handes and they neuer dreame The others called Troglodites haue Caues and holes in the grounde and haue no other houses Others called Gramantes they make no marriages but all women are common Gamphasantes they goe all naked Blemmy is a people so called they haue no heads but haue their mouth and their eyes in their breasts And others there are that go more by training of their handes then with their féete There are gathered the spices and there is nothing that they are afrayde of but of great dogs that will barke at them and bite them Africke beginneth beyonde the Realme of Spayne and Grenado and is deuided in the Sea of Europa as betwéene Douer and Calis there beginneth the Kingdoms of Feoz of Tunis of Barbaria of Carthage of others of the Ethiopians Europia beginneth from the Sea Meditarene so called because it is a flood in the middest of the world Vpon this Sea that deuideth Asia and Europa the King Xerses caused to be made a bridge of shippes such a number hee had for the warre Europa conteineth Rome the auncient Citie the plentifull Italy Venice descended of the Troyans Grece Thessalia Acaia Macedonia and Thessalie where as is a flood called Peneus nauigable in the middest for into the saide flood entreth the Riuer of Orcon but his water swimmeth aboue the other without mingling together as doeth Oyle Italy hath the noble Riuer of Poste beating vaines of golde In the Iles of Pont there are people that liue with the egges of wilde foule others that haue féete like horses whose eares are so great and so long that therewith they couer their whole bodies Europe doeth containe Germanie which is hie and base Almaine Burgony Sauoy Brittaine Gaule that is deuided into thrée partes From the Riuer Lescault to the Riuer of Sayne is called Gaule the faire from Sayne to Gyrrond is Gaule the anciēt and conteineth Lionois and from Girronde to the hilles of Pirennes that deuideth Spaine and Fraunce is Aquittaine Spaine also is of Europia where as is Cathelognia Araragon Castilian Portingall Syuell Andelosia Leon Galicia and the kingdome of Granado euen to the Sea The seuenth Booke treateth of man THe world hath brought foorth many things of the which man is almost the least Hée hath clothed the Beastes Birdes Fishes and Trées with skinnes feathers scales barke and otherwise But man cōmeth foorth all naked ready to wéepe and lightly before fourtie dayes he doeth not laugh he that ought to raigne ouer the beastes on the earth is at the beginning weaker then any he knoweth nothing without hée be taught neither to speake nor to goe and naturally doeth nothing but wéepe Naturally the beastes séeke their liuing flie from their enemy swimme with many other things giuen them of nature The Lyons doe not warre betwéene themselues the Serpents doe not bite one another but men studie howe to destroy one another by warres and dissentions Men neuer lightly in all points resemble one like another in their faces the which commeth by the diuersitie of the cogitations of their parentes the which maketh their similitudes so farre vnlike and therefore the brute beastes that haue no such varieties in their thoughtes engender none but their like Men there are called Arimaspi that haue but one eye in their forehead which incessantly warre against the Grissons about mettals and they finde in the ground golde and other mettalls Those that are toward the end of the West drinke in dead mens sculles In Albania some haue their eyes yellowe that cōmeth to them in their youth they sée better by night then by day In Affrica in some places there are a great multitude of Serpentes whose properties they vse for the triall of their wyues chiefly after this sort If the husbandes will haue probation of the honestie of their wiues they will present their children before the Serpentes which will stye awaye if that the children bée egitimate but if that the Serpents remaine and feare not then are they bastardes When they are bitten with Serpents they put their spittle vpon the place for to heale it specially their fasting spittle for the Serpēt feareth mans spittle as hote water In India there are hye men and also marueilous hye beastes as for a witnesse there are Dogges as great as Asses trées as hye as an Archer can scarce shoote to the top and vnder the shadowe of one Figge trée may a hundreth horses stande because of the fertilitie of the lande the temperance of the ayre and the aboundance of waters there are men fiue cubites in height the which neuer vse to spit nor are troubled with the paine of head eyes or téeth and are seldome sicke Others there are in the Mountaines with heads like Dogs In a part of India the women neuer beare children but once whose children waxe straight way olde And others called Sciopedae that haue their féete so broade that when they are layde they couer them therewith from the heate of the Sunne and they be very swift in running Some toward the East haue no heads but haue eyes in their shoulders and others called Epithamai Pigmei that are of one yarde hye In the farther part of India towards the East neare to the Riuer of Gangis there is a people clad with leaues that liue by smelling they neuer eate nor drinke in their iourneies they beare floures and rootes to smell at and they are easely killed by filthy smelles and sauours There are little men called Pigmei among which the highest passe not the height of two cubites hauing a wholsome aire and pleasant countrey where they dwell the which men are molested with Cranes as writeth Homer therefore it is no maruell though often times they are caried away with those Cranes In the spring time the Pigmei assemble together mounted vpon Shéepe and Goates armed with dartes and arrowes for to descende downe to the sea and for the space of thrée monethes consume and breake the Cranes Egges and kil the yong ones otherwise they would so multiplie that those little men should neuer rest in quiet Some there are in the valleys called Pandore that liue two hundreth yéeres in their youth hauing white haire in age their haires become blacke There is a people that liueth but

or driue away those flyes that haue no sting If their sting be once broken they are tamed or faint hearted as a gelded body and can profite no more such haue places a part for to retire them They hate shéepe for they can scarce get out of their wooll Also they hate Crabbs or Creuices and if there be any sodden néere to their place the smell of them will make them die They haue many diseases and if any of them die they bring him out of their rowmes and cast him out of their Hiue as making of funeralles If their King die they do more for then they make such dolor and sorowe that they doe nothing By this and by to much taking off of their hony they die often times They haue sense and vnderstanding to heare and doe reioyce and at the sound of a Basan they will assemble When their worke is finished they flie abroade then returne to their Hyue or house Their age is seuen yéeres they neuer touch any Carion as Crowes Kites and other flyes doe Their hony commeth as it were a sweate from heauen spittle from the starres or liquor from the ayre when in the spring time the saide moisture falleth on the leaues and the Dew and the Bées receiueth it and carieth it into their Hyue The hony at the first is as cleare as water it boyleth like newe wine and purgeth the twentie day it fatteneth then it hardneth and casteth a little skinne like a scumme there is wayes how to get the hony for want of foode causeth the Bées to disperse and flye their wayes or die and to great abundance maketh them vnprofitable for they labour no more then is necessary or néedefull therefore the twelfth part is their portion that they ought to leaue them Of hony is made many medicinable things seruing to eche one Some leaue the tenth part and if it be not full but almost emptie ye ought not to touch it That hony that cleaueth together or thréedeth is not good but when incontinently it breaketh in taking of it it is a good signe Also the good smelling hony that hath a colour like gold and swéete in the tast is a signe of goodnesse The wilde hony is not so good as the other Spiders or Spinners haue within them such fertilitie that they spinne beginning in the middest and they make thréedes very subtill They make their yong ones like wormes Scorpions towards the East are very venemous and they make little wormes like Egges of which commeth their yong ones but in Italy they doe little harme They byte or sting with their tayle Locustes or Grashoppers make egges they goe on the ground with their clawes The Parthians do eate them Also Ants make egges of the which growe their yong ones and as the good flyes doe congregate their workes so they hide their soode in that earth for to liue with in the winter They haue knowledge how to deuide that great graine Acorne and they drye them that are wet in the Sommer they worke by night in the full Moone one commeth to an other for their burthens and it séemeth that in them is mutuall loue in the diligence of their worke Among other beasts they burie one another when they are dead The Butterflie commeth of a little worme in thrée dayes she groweth also of wood wherein is humiditie There are beastes full of blood that die so soone as they are full for behinde they haue no issue they are ingendred vnder Oxen and some time on Doggess In Cypres there growe in the furnaces of flies great flying flies called Piralis or Piransta that die when they are out of the fire And some there are called Hemorobios that die that day that they take life Dead flies if they be hidden or buried in ashes will reuine All beastes haue their hornes hollow sauing at the very end except the Deere Asses in India haue one horne Mā alone hath his eares vnmoueable Hares sléepe with their eyes opē so do many men which the Greekes call Corybantia The eyes of yong Swallowes will come againe if they be pulled out The eyes of man principally doth shewe loue furor folly and wisedome Great eyes signifie small witte or discretion The heart liueth first and dieth last A man hath eight ribbes on a side the Hog ten the Serpent thirtie Among foules the Batte hath téeth and no other Man groweth till he be xxi yéeres olde Blood preserueth the life of euery person that being gone no remedy but death They that haue the thickest and fattest blood are the strongest They that haue it most fine and cleare are the wisest They that haue least are fearefull The blood of an Asse is most fattest The blood of a Bull will soone waxe hard The blood of Déere and Goates is not thicke nor hardneth not Man alone will chaunge his colour euen in a moment The man that is hairie is inclined to fleshly lust If a mās haire doth not grow nor his beard it is a signe that he is barrē so is the woman that hath no haire growing on her body The haire of a mans beard commeth not as the grasse in the field that is mowed but it proceedeth from the roote There is no Male that hath any appearance of breastes but man a woman hath two in her stomacke the Cowe hath foure in her belly Goates Shéepe two the Sowes ten and some twelue Euery Pigge knoweth the dugge that they haue bene nourished with Whales and Sea calues nourish their yong ones with milke of their breastes A womans milke is vnprofitable before the seuen moneths A Cowe hath no milke before shée hath had a calfe The Asse hath milke when she beginneth to beare And to let the yōg Asse take the dammes milke before two dayes is daungerous Certaine Dames of Rome did bathe thē-selues in Asses milke for it maketh their skinne smooth and white Milke of Goates is worse to make chéese thē the milke of Kyne The milke of beasts hauing aboue foure breasts is vnprofitable to make chéese and that of two breastes is better The chiefest and best chéeses are made in Italy Zoroastes liued twentie yéeres with chéese without féeling age Man hath two féete of one length and measure and two armes with two handes The thombe and the little finger are of one measure the other two also of a measure that in the middest is longer Euery finger hath thrée ioynts and they shut or bowe inward not outwarde the thombe hath but two that bowe in like maner The Ape is the beast that most approcheth the fashion of féete hands nose and eares to man for with the foreféete he fedeth and hath the bowels like to mans At thrée yéeres man hath taken halfe his growth of height He hath the knées and armes contrary in bowing the one forwarde the other backwarde Beastes that ingender their like bowe their knées backwarde and those that make egges forewarde Nailes growe vnto eche one