Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	cold_a	moist_a	3,600	5	10.5118	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A59999	A short compendium of chirurgery containing its grounds & principles : more particularly treating of imposthumes, wounds, ulcers, fractures & dislocations : also a discourse of the generation and birth of man, very necessary to be understood by all midwives and child-bearing women : with the several methods of curing the French pox, the cure of baldness, inflammation of the eyes, and toothach, and an account of blood-letting, cup-setting, and blooding with leeches / by J.S., M.D.	J. S. (John Shirley), M.D.; Shirley, John, 1648-1679.	1678 (1678)	Wing S3496; ESTC R38236	39,001	140

Pleasantly if amongst Remedies those are first made use of wherewith we may obtain our ends with less molestation of the Patient Those things are called Natural which do enter in the composition of mans Body and although its first ingredient may be the universal matter of Cartesius out of whose particles variously figurated and moved according to the variety of their figures and motions those bodies do arise which though they be not the very first nor can be demonstrated absolutely simple in their dissolution yet because they are of the first order of sensible Bodies whereof others are composed they may commodiously by a Chirurgion who is an Artist of sensibles be conceived in the Body of Man as its 1. Elements whence do arise its 2. Tempers or Complexions 3. Humours 4. Parts or Limbs 5. Faculties 6. Actions And 7. Spirits Whereunto 1 Age. 2 The Sex 3 Colour 4 Commoderation 5 The Season of the Year 6 The Clime 7 And manner of Living are annexed Elements are single Bodies out of which the mixt are composed and into which they may be resolved but they in none of a singler composition They are reckoned four 1 Fire 2 Air. 3 Water 4 And Earth Whose number and station Ovid hath thus expressed Quatuor Aeternus Genitalia corpor a Mundus Continet ex illis duo sunt onerosa suoque Pondere in inferius Tellus atque Unda feruntur Et totidem gravitate carent nulloque premente Altapetunt Aer atque aere purior Ignis That is The Eternal World four Bodies comprehends Engendring all The heavy Earth descends And Water clog'd with weight Two light aspire Depress'd by none pure Air and purer Fire Which the Antient thought to evince by the Argument of mixt Bodies dissolution Thus given by Dubart●s Cela se voit a locil dans le brulant Tison Son feu court versle Ceil sanatale Maison Son air vole en fumé en cendre chet sa terre Son cau boult dans ses nocuds c. That is perfectly seen when burning wood doth send Its Fire to heaven the place from whence it did des●end Its Air then flies in smoak its Earth in ashes falls In its knots water boyls c. But the weakness of this Argument is plainly discovered by the learned Boyle in his Chymista Scepticus so that as we said before These Elements can at most be reckoned but amongst the first Classes of mixt Bodies The Elementary qualities are also four Namely 1 Heat 2 Coldness 3 Moisture 4 Driness Whereof the two first though all act in some measure compared to the latter are called Active the two others Passive 1. Fire is of a hot and dry quality 2. Aire of a hot and moist 3. Water of a moist and cold 4. And Earth of a cold and dry Temper or Complexion is a proportion of the four primary Qualities arising from the mixture of the Elements But if we consider the universal matter it may be defined A moderation of the Particles endued with contrary Qualities There are four single Tempers 1 Hot. 2 Cold. 3 Moist 4 Dry. And four compos'd 1 Hot and Moist 2 Hot and Dry. 3 Cold and Moist 4 Cold and Dry. Whereunto is added another called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Temperate which is distinguished 1. In a Temper according to weight when the Elements are both in mass and quality so proportioned that none can be said to predominate 2. And in another according to justice which consisteth in a temperature convenient for the exercising of all necessary actions This Temper is either of the whole body by reason of which Males are said to be hotter then Females or of the several parts whose Rule is this whatsoever is Red in the Body is Hot whatsoever is White Cold that which is Soft is Moist and that which is Hard Dry. Whence it follows That whatsoever is Red and Hard is Hot and Dry as the Heart whatsoever is Red and Soft is Hot and Moist as the Flesh What is White and Hard is Cold and Dry as the Bones and what is White and Soft is Cold and Moist as the Brains Childhood comprehending the first five and twenty years of our age is of a hot and moist temper From thence Youth proceeding to five and thirty or fourty years of a hot and dry Manhood consisting in the ten or fifteen next years is esteemed cold and dry and thence Old age till our lifes end is more or less said to be cold and moist or according to others cold and dry its moisture being but accidental and excrementitious though God can yet extend our life to a long durance as the German Poet Freinshemius elegantly expresseth I st schirr nichts ubrig mehr al 's seelen voller schnen Al 's leber voller Thod al 's leiber voller plag Al 's zeiten voller qual al 's zungen voller klag Al 's hertzen voller angst al 's augen voller trahnen That is Though nothing but a soul full fraught with longing fears Be left a deathful life a body full of pain A time full of distress a tongue but to complain A much oppressed heart and an eye full of tears The Spring is temperate Summer is hot and dry Autumn cold and dry and Winter cold and moist The Spring begins when the Sun enters the Sign Aries and continues as the other seasons with small difference do some three months whilst the Sun runs through as many Signs of the Zodiack whose number and order Virgil thus describes Primus adest Aries 1 Taurus 2 insignibus auro Cornibus Fratres 3 Cancer 4 aquatile signum Tum Leo 5 terribilis Nemeus atque innuba Virgo 6. Libra 7 subit caudaque animal 8 quod dirigit ictum Armatusque arcu Chyron 9 Corniger Hircus 10 Fusor aqua 11 simul fulgenti lumine Pisces 12. The name of Humor is given to whatsoever is perceived flowing in the Body of a living Creature endued with blood The same is first Natural or secondly against Nature The Natural is again divided into primary and secundary alimentary and excrementitious The alimentary or nourishing humors were constituted by the Antients four in number 1. Blood 2. Phlegm 3. Choler 4. Melancholly But the Modern esteem that Blood only is a fit nourishment of the Body and that the other humors flowing with it whereunto they have added the Lymphatick and Pancreatical Juice do only contribute to its effervescency or temperature as will be said hereafter amongst whcih humours there is no melancholy except the thickest and grossest part of the Blood as is found in the Atrabiliary Capsules or is evacuated by the Haemorroids be taken for it But before we expound how blood is produced let us hear how the Ancients did conceive it It is thus expressed by the Danish Poet Arocusis Du Mauge gode Kock din mad saa vel for kryder At derat Kortar hid en kraftig saft ud flyder Som Du til Leftueren vid middel

till the Wine be consumed a strong expression being made add Galbanum Bdelium Euphorbium Myrrhe Castoreum Bear Duck and Storks Grease of each two ounces Make a Salve in the Form of a Liniment whereunto a little Wax if needs be may be added Exercise and Frictions are also very powerful to awake the part affected and cause the motive Spirits to flow in There is another accident when the Patient either by weakness proceeding from the loss of Blood poysonous Vapours or the sight of dreadful Objects falls into frequent Swounds It is discerned 1. When Paleness invades the Face with a Cold Sweat 2. If a Coldness of the whole Body be perceived 3. And if the Party do suddenly Fall when it is in the Paroxysme It is prevented by casting cold Water in the Diseased's Face but if it proceeds from too great Evacuation the Patient must be softly collected on the Ground or on his Bed and a little Bread dipped in VVine given him to taste whereat the Spirits may return But if it proceeds from Poysonous Vapours Let the Patient drink out of a Spoon a little Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in VVine That which comes of Fear is easily cured the Object being removed with encouraging and comfortable Admonitions The loss of Blood Pain and Feaver whereunto Wounds are subject do often distract the Patient in a temporary Phrensy called Delirium which is defined A tempor ary perturbation of the Phansy and other mental Functions Besides the Causes above mentioned poysonous Vapours and a Lesion of the Diaphragme do not seldom effect its Production this last having a plain communication with the Brain by the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation If it proceeds from an Obstruction of the Spirits the same Remedies must be used as when the Body is subject to Swounding but if it coms from an Inslammation of the Brain Diet and Purgation must be instituted and the Hair being shaved the Head being bathed over with Exorodine applying upon it the Plaister of Diacalcitheos dissolved in Rose-water and Vinegar and Sleep provoked by the use of Broths wherein you must boyl refreshing Herbs and a knot of VVhite-poppy Seed and pleasant Company diverting the Patient from other sad thoughts and representations of mournful things may also be very conducible to his health and recovery Of Wounds made by Fire Armes THE Industry of men ever clear sighted to their own destruction having for about 200 yeares since found out a very speedy way to it namely Gun-powder and fire-armes Whose hurts being often waited on by other accidents it obligeth us to treat especially of their Curation They are either simple or composed with dilaceration distemper and tumor Their signs are commonly a round Figure little effusion of Blood a swelling of the part and a greenish livid colour In the first apparel the wound ought to be dilated if the wounded parts conformation can permit it that unnatural Bodies if there be any may be sought out and expelled with the matter In doing which if it be possible the patient must be scituated as he was when he received the wound After the extraction of strange Bodies we must prevent pain and fluxion The first by the repelling and lenitive Remedies above described and the Cataplasme appointed for its sedation The last by Diet and Purgation whereunto Clysters are commonly used lest Catharicks might cause too great an agitation of Humours Thence we must proceed to Suppuration as in all other contused Wounds whereunto that which is called digestive and the following Oyl are most conveniently used Recipe Oyl of Violets four pound wherein boyl two young Cats new brought forth till the bones be loosed off adding Earth-worms duly prepared one pound Let them boyl together on a slow fire adding Turpentine of Venice and strong-water three Ounces To be kept in a Glass till there be occasion to make use of it But if there be any danger of Gangrene we use profitably of Egyptiacum dissolved in Wine c. When the wound is brought to Suppuration detersive Medicaments must be applyed such as is the following Recipe Water of boyled Barley the juice of Plantain Parsley Agrimony and of the lesser Centory of each an Ounce let them all boyl together and in the end of the Decoction add Turpentine of Venice three Ounces Hony of Roses two Ounces flower of Barley three Ounces Saffron one Scruple Mix all together and make a cleansing Oyntment Lastly having care to prevent other accidents according to Art the Wound must be brought to a perfect Cure and Sanation Of Gangrenes BUT since Gangrene is often a concomitant of Wounds made by Fire-Armes and other Contusions it will not be amiss here to expound its Nature Signs and Curation It is defined The mortification of a part affected with inflammation And is only distinguished from a Sphacelus by the more or less this last being only when the part is quite mortified and dead The onely Remedy being then its Amputation The general Cause of Gangrene is a corruption of the parts natural Heat by Cold external Heat want of Nourishment stopping of Transpiration or by the dreadful effects of some poysonous substance Its proceeding is two-sold either with some humours in flowing or without it We have deduced the signes of it in the Chapter of Impostumes And for its Curation since that which hath its origin from the second cause is the most general and may in some measure be a Rule for Curing the rest Take these following Precepts If the Body be in the least Plethorical Phlebotomy and Purgation being celebrated the Air by Nature or Art ought to be cold and dry and the Patients diet of the same temper Amongst Topical Remedies Egyptiacum boyled with some Aloes in salted Water adding a little Strong Water in the end is deservedly much esteemed as also the Phadagenick water or the Gray Salve which is made by adding a Drachm of corroding Sublimate to an Ounce of Basilicon in the mean time to defend the Body from the Influxion of Morbisical Humors and putrid Vapours the following defensive may be applyed on the diseased part and often renewed Recipe Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each four Ounces the juice of Plantain Solanum and Housleek of each two Ounces the whites of Eggs five Bole Armeny and Sealed Earth reduced in a subtil powder of each an Ounce with as much Oxycraton as is needful If it be too Intense and yeilds not to Catharticks and Topical Remedies we are obliged to use actual Causticks And lastly if that will not serve we must proceed to the part 's Amputation which is the only approved Remedy in a Sphacelus wherein observe that to stop the effusion of Blood actual Causticks are almost out of Use the binding of the Vessels being found more commodious Of that Operation see Fab. ab Aqua ●endente in his Chirurgical Operations but now the Stiptick Elixir of Doctor Williams overcomes all other Remedies Where Bones are discovered they use the

upper Parts looseness of the Teeth Exulceration of the Mouth and too great a Flux of Blood The Diarhaea is asswaged by the decoction of Guaiac mixt with a little White-Wine and taken for some days in the Morning whereby the humours Acrimony is mitigated and sweetned But in general those evils are remedied by changing of Chamber and Linnen precipitating the Mercury downwards by astringent Gargarisms and Clysters by letting Blood in the Foot and chiefly by purgations wherein some Salt of Tartar must always be added to sweeten and drive down the Humours Some do often swallow a Golden Pill which becomes white but it carries away the Mercury in so little quantity that the other Remedies are not therefore to be omitted The end of Friction is to stimulate a Chris●s which doth not proceed from Nature without it be provoked and helped by some Medicament whose quantity ought to be adapted to the vehementness of the Disease and forces of the Patient least the Medicaments being too strong they cast him into an incurable Consumption or being too weak they do not eradicate the Disease which afterwards is found much more intense and incurable than before The third Cure is by Plaisters and Cerowins and is something slower than the former but more convenient in Relapses and for the mitigation of pain and the resolution of knobs and hardness but because it doth not act so speedily the best of Artists do joyn to it some Frictions Besides the Plaisters of De Vigo the following may be profitably used and applied on the parts mentioned in the Article of Friction Take of Melilot Plaister and Saffron-Vinegar of each half a Pound Quenched Quick-Silver six Ounces Oyl of Laurel and Land Lavendel as much as needs Reduce all to the form of a Plaister The Scope of this Remedy as of the former is the procuring of a Crisis either by insensible transpiration Flux of the Belly or Urines but oftner and better by a flowing of the Mouth which with the Gums and Cheeks is thereby as aforesaid often exulcerated because of the Humours Tenacity and Acrimony and these Ulcers must by no means be repelled but be mitigated by Gargarisms composed of Decocted Barley Cows Milk and the like which may diminish the mouths inflammation and wash off the Humours sticking to it but if this accident as it happens sometimes be too intense that it threatneth an extinction of the natural heat we must for some time defer the proper Cure to cohibit so pernicious a Symptom according to Art As for the Teeths loosness it is cured by astringent Gargarisms but more powerfully if the Gums be touched with Aqua secunda of the Goldsmiths The fourth manner by Suffumigations is not so much approved because of many evil dispositions which it leaveth in the Body They nevertheless thus proceed to it The Patient being seated under a Curtain well and carefully extended they cast in a Chaffing-dish a good quantity of persume composed of Cinabre mixt with Brimstone and Quicksilver whereunto is added Iris of Florence Frankinsence Mirrhe Iuncus odoratus Assaodorata Terebenthine and Theriak and continue this Suffumigation till the Mouth begins to flow and that is its Crisis This Diseases Symptoms are so manifold that I think fitter to remit the Reader to such Authors as treat of it at large than to say but a part of what is needful to be known though most may be referred to the General Cure of Impostumes CHAP. VIII Of some other Indispositions which are Cured by Chirurgery HAving thus far proceeded we are to treat in the present Chapter of some other Indispositions cured by Chirurgery whereof some requiring an experienced Artist others yielding themselves to the meanest Capacities and this little Treatise being written only for the use of discreet Beginners we shall only speak of the following Of Baldness Baldness is a falling off of the Hair from the Head caused either by defect of Nourishment or the corruption of it That which proceeds from Old Age the Hectick Feaver Burnings or Tinea is incurable But that which may be cured is thus proceeded unto The Universal Remedies being fitly instituted the remaining Hair must be shaved resolving Fomentations used and having caused the vitious humours to be digested by the application of Cups and Leeches the Head must be washed in Lye made of Iris and Aloes lastly drawing Fomentations must be ministred for the attraction of laudable Vapours If it be caused by want of nourishment the Head must be rubbed with a course Linnen Cloth till it grows red and if it proceeds from the Venerean Pox the body must be anointed with Quick-Silver to a perfect salivation Of the Eyes The Eyes diseases are manifold but their inflammation is the most common their causes are External as Falls Blows Dust Smoke c. or internal namely a defluxion flowing to the Eye It is known by the heavine●s of the Head the Eyes redness pain swelling and pulsation of its Arteries It is cured by the same administration of universal remedies as in Phlegmons and the due application of Topical ones whereof this Collire is of a perspicuous effect Take Rose and Plantain Water of each half an Ounce the mucilage of Gum Tragacant two Ounces and the White of an Egg make a Collire to Distil luke-warm in the Eye applying upon it a double Linnen Cloth dipped in the same Collire The Blood of Doves Pigeons or Hens instilled warm in the Eye mitigates the pain of it and is its proper Balm But if a Relapse is feared Cups applied on the Shoulders and an Issue in the Pole are very fit to divert the Fluxion Tooth-ach There is scarce any pain equal to that of the Tooth-ach It proceeds from the influxion of a hot or cold humour or the Tooth being hollow or rotten from the entrance of ambient Air and the refrigeration of cold Meat or Drink The Internal causes are taken away by a due administration of Universal Remedies and if the pain proceeds from a hot cause which is known by its sharpness and a great pulsation of the Tooth and Temples it is mitigated by remedies contrary to it as to wash the Mouth with Granate juice Plantain Water and a little Vinegar all being boiled with Roses Wild Granate Flowers and Sumach If the Cause be the fluxion of a cold humour which is dis●●rned by a heaviness of the Head and frequent spitting the Teeth are profitably washed with Garland-Libanotis Sage Pierethre decocted in Wine and Vinegar whereunto is added a little Srong-Water and dissolved Treacle But if it proceeds from a rottenness of the Tooth there is no better remedy than the drawing of it and if it be but a Root procure the corruption of it by a Cotten dipt in Aqua-fortis having first tried the Odontalgick Essence of Flubault Of Phlebotomy or Blood letting Phlebotomy being an Operation necessary to be known of a beginner in Chirurgery I have thought fit to say here something of it They define it An Incision of the Vein evacuating the Blood and the other Humours contained with it Before it be administred if there be any Excrements remaining of the former Coction they must be evacuated by a Clyst●r or Suppository and thus when necessity requireth or for precaution in persons neither too old not too young Phlebotomy is celebrated in the following manner The Patient being conveniently scituated the Chirurgeon rubs the part which is to be opened with his hand or a warm Linnen cloth to cause the Bloods attraction then the said part is bound with a Fillet a little above the place of Incision which is designed by a touch of the Nail and the Operation is performed with a fit Lancet limiting its evacuation to the strength of the Patient and the curative intention Lastly the incised place must be carefully bound least an Hemoragy might happen Of Cup-setting When the matter is conjoyned and impacted Cupps are commonly applied I have commonly thus seen some proceed to operation having something rubbed the destinated place they set on it some kindled ends of Wax Candle fastened on a Counter or such other thing and over it apply the Cup which then draws very powerfully the Humours up then taking them off Incisions are made in their circle with a Lancet or Instrument called Scarrificatory and they are again applied in the same manner as before laying afterward Plaisters of Diapalma or Album Rasis over the Incisions till they be agglutinated Of Leeches Where Blood-letting or Cup-setting cannot be performed Leeches are commonly applied either by making a little Incision in the skin or anointing it with a drop of some other Blood or Sugard milk for then they will stick fast and when you will make them easily fall off touch but their head with a little Aloes or Salt and if you will know what quantity of Blood they have drawn lay them in the things aforesaid and they will revomit it besides if you will have them to draw more than their capacity is cut their posteriour part when they are well fast and the Blood will run through their Bodies which also is stanched if it flowes when they are taken away by the half of a Bean or some burnt Linnen applied on the little wound Thus I finish and if the Reader takes this short Treatise in good part I have my Desire and END