a_o explication_n as_o real_o and_o in_o truth_n consist_v not_o with_o it_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o this_o be_v therefore_o the_o state_n of_o the_o notion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n in_o its_o true_a explication_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o body_n or_o motion_n in_o body_n be_v such_o as_o be_v applicable_a to_o the_o argument_n in_o hand_n the_o special_a instance_n that_o i_o shall_v use_v be_v these_o 1._o the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o body_n by_o transmutation_n thus_o water_n by_o rarefaction_n be_v sometime_o change_v into_o air_n which_o have_v thereby_o a_o great_a extension_n than_o it_o have_v before_o by_o about_o 900_o time_n and_o air_n by_o condensation_n be_v change_v into_o water_n and_o thereby_o lose_v by_o contraction_n a_o like_a proportion_n of_o space_n than_o it_o have_v before_o thus_o aristotle_n in_o 4._o phys_n cap._n 9_o and_o the_o great_a verulam_n in_o historia_n densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la pag._n 88_o 2._o the_o rarefaction_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o external_a violence_n as_o in_o the_o air-pump_n in_o the_o cacabus_fw-la evacuatorius_fw-la and_o the_o magdeburg_n engine_n this_o be_v a_o rarefaction_n by_o tension_n whereby_o the_o air_n be_v dilate_v not_o only_o in_o its_o external_a bulk_n but_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o and_o in_o its_o internal_a as_o well_o as_o external_a part_n and_o dimension_n and_o thus_o mersennus_n and_o other_o tell_v we_o air_n may_v be_v dilate_v to_o near_o 70_o time_n its_o former_a and_o natural_a extent_n 3._o the_o condensation_n that_o be_v make_v by_o compression_n some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v water_n be_v thus_o contractible_a and_o condensible_a by_o compression_n the_o same_o verulam_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la pag._n 99_o tell_v we_o that_o take_v a_o leaden_a hollow_a globe_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n and_o then_o strong_o stop_v the_o orifice_n which_o take_v in_o the_o water_n and_o compress_v the_o globe_n in_o a_o strong_a presser_z whereby_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n the_o water_n will_v sustain_v that_o contraction_n but_o if_o it_o be_v press_v far_o the_o water_n will_v discharge_v itself_o through_o the_o globe_n ad_fw-la modum_fw-la parvi_fw-la imbris_fw-la it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o it_o may_v do_v so_o from_o its_o first_o compression_n though_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o exility_n be_v imperceptible_a to_o the_o eye_n as_o the_o emanation_n of_o effluvia_fw-la through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n electrical_a efflux_n or_o the_o odour_n of_o herb_n for_o water_n though_o fluid_a seem_v very_o impatient_a of_o condensation_n by_o compression_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a if_o under_o a_o very_a strong_a pressure_n but_o to_o the_o very_a eye_n it_o appear_v capable_a of_o dilatation_n by_o tension_n in_o its_o discharge_n of_o itself_o by_o bubble_n upon_o a_o strong_a tension_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v with_o water_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o condensation_n and_o contraction_n by_o compression_n this_o appear_v visible_o in_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n by_o wind-gun_n and_o the_o careful_a injection_n of_o water_n by_o a_o well_o order_v syringe_n in_o a_o empty_a aeolipile_n so_o that_o air_n by_o these_o mean_n may_v be_v contract_v into_o a_o seven_o nay_o possible_o a_o seventi_v part_n of_o its_o natural_a space_n or_o dimension_n 4._o the_o rarefaction_n and_o consequential_a dilatation_n of_o body_n by_o heat_n or_o fire_n thus_o water_n itself_o be_v rarefy_v and_o extend_v into_o vapour_n by_o heat_n the_o lord_n verulam_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la pag._n 28._o give_v we_o a_o notable_a instance_n by_o take_v a_o vial-glass_n hold_v a_o ounce_n fill_v it_o half_o full_a of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n then_o take_v a_o empty_a bladder_n that_o hold_v about_o 8_o pint_n and_o tie_v it_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n strict_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n heat_v upon_o the_o coal_n the_o aura_n spiritus_fw-la vini_n fill_v the_o bladder_n and_o yet_o only_o six_o penny_n weight_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n spend_v which_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o 40th_o part_n of_o a_o pint_n yet_o fill_v the_o bladder_n of_o 8_o pint_n with_o its_o rarefy_v air._n and_o although_o this_o instance_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v full_a of_o subtle_a matter_n than_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o water_n yet_o it_o will_v hold_v its_o proportion_n with_o the_o fume_n or_o vapour_n of_o water_n and_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n be_v the_o rarefaction_n by_o ignition_n in_o the_o gunpowder_n where_o a_o grain_n of_o gunpowder_n fire_v will_v expand_v above_o a_o thousand_o time_n its_o former_a dimension_n and_o more_o but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o sense_n and_o most_o apposite_a to_o my_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o most_o of_o my_o ensue_a application_n be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n by_o heat_n whereby_o it_o may_v gain_v a_o expansion_n of_o above_o 70_o time_n its_o natural_a size_n and_o dimension_n as_o be_v easy_o find_v by_o the_o strong_a heat_n of_o a_o strong_a brass_n concave_a globe_n which_o if_o the_o include_v air_n have_v no_o vent_n will_v break_v it_o and_o if_o it_o have_v a_o vent_n and_o after_o it_o be_v strong_o heat_v cast_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n it_o will_v soon_o discover_v the_o proportion_n of_o its_o dilatation_n by_o the_o contraction_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o cold_a water_n and_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o upon_o that_o contraction_n 5._o the_o condensation_n and_o consequential_a contraction_n that_o the_o air_n receive_v by_o the_o constipation_n of_o it_o by_o cold_a especial_o after_o a_o strong_a dilatation_n but_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o precede_a dilatation_n or_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o heat_n yet_o it_o be_v visible_a in_o weather-glass_n and_o other_o engine_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v in_o its_o dimension_n by_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a from_o what_o it_o usual_o have_v at_o other_o time_n chap._n v._o concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n apparent_a to_o sense_n to_o pursue_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n be_v too_o long_o a_o business_n and_o not_o so_o much_o conducible_a to_o my_o purpose_n i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v up_o those_o phaenomena_n that_o be_v apparent_o evident_a to_o sense_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o air_n for_o the_o due_a discussion_n of_o that_o single_a subject_n will_v give_v a_o estimate_n and_o explication_n of_o other_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n 1._o it_o be_v evident_a to_o our_o very_a sense_n that_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o air_n suppose_v a_o cubique_a foot_n in_o a_o vessel_n be_v ratify_v by_o heat_n will_v take_v up_o a_o far_o great_a space_n than_o it_o do_v before_o such_o application_n and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o tension_n as_o in_o the_o air-pump_n and_o the_o magdeburg-engin_n for_o when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o heat_n in_o the_o one_o instance_n and_o draw_v out_o by_o traction_n in_o the_o other_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o receiver_n or_o other_o vessel_n remain_v full_a of_o a_o very_a rare_a and_o extend_a air_n for_o sensible_o no_o other_o substance_n supply_v it_o 2._o it_o be_v evident_a to_o sense_n that_o this_o distension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o extima_fw-la superficies_n but_o in_o all_o the_o very_a internal_a part_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o our_o sense_n that_o it_o have_v a_o visible_a effect_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o bird_n water_n or_o other_o body_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v conterminous_a to_o the_o side_n of_o it_o as_o appear_v in_o those_o many_o instance_n give_v by_o mr._n b._n especial_o in_o 21_o 22_o etc._n etc._n experiment_n and_o unless_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v extend_v every_o where_o and_o every_o way_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o little_a portion_n of_o air_n include_v in_o a_o bladder_n shall_v increase_v its_o bulk_n by_o heat_n to_o ten_o time_n its_o extension_n as_o it_o will_v do_v and_o be_v apparent_a to_o our_o sight_n by_o the_o ample_a distension_n of_o the_o bladder_n 3._o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o our_o sense_n that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v by_o heat_n in_o any_o close_a vessel_n as_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o rarefaction_n decay_n so_o the_o air_n endeavour_v its_o contraction_n to_o gain_v its_o primitive_a size_n which_o it_o then_o attain_v when_o the_o heat_n be_v
perfect_o go_v out_o if_o it_o be_v not_o impede_v by_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o vessel_n this_o be_v visible_a in_o weather-glass_n of_o 22_o inch_n long_o whereby_o when_o for_o the_o purpose_n the_o water_n rise_v to_o ten_o inch_n and_o leave_v twelve_o inch_n of_o air_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o warm_a hand_n lay_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o glass_n will_v depress_v the_o water_n by_o expand_v the_o include_v air_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o hand_n be_v remove_v the_o air_n will_v contract_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a staple_n and_o so_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v to_o ten_o as_o before_o 4._o it_o be_v evident_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o air_n contract_v itself_o do_v by_o that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o motus_fw-la nexus_fw-la lay_v hold_v of_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o a_o close_a vessel_n contain_v and_o strict_o imprison_v it_o and_o if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o severable_a yet_o the_o strong_a contraction_n of_o the_o filament_n of_o the_o air_n hold_v they_o together_o as_o appear_v abundant_o by_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n hemisphere_n mention_v at_o large_a in_o the_o 18_o chapter_n of_o the_o observation_n upon_o the_o toricellian_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n give_v in_o that_o book_n 5._o it_o be_v evident_a to_o sense_n that_o in_o that_o strong_a cohesion_n of_o the_o filament_n of_o the_o air_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n when_o by_o the_o decay_n of_o heat_n it_o contract_v itself_o with_o a_o motus_fw-la or_o conatus_fw-la of_o restitution_n and_o with_o it_o the_o ambient_fw-la vessel_n by_o a_o motus_fw-la nexus_fw-la yet_o if_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n be_v move_v to_o the_o vessel_n that_o contraction_n be_v relax_v and_o the_o vessel_n fall_v asunder_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o small_a admission_n of_o the_o free_a or_o solute_a air_n though_o through_o a_o pin-hole_n for_o by_o the_o heat_n the_o include_v air_n be_v again_o dilate_a left_a lax_n as_o before_o it_o grow_v cold_a and_o by_o the_o admission_n of_o foreign_a air_n the_o include_v air_n be_v relieve_v gradual_o to_o that_o expansion_n as_o be_v natural_a to_o it_o and_o as_o it_o have_v before_o its_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n 6._o it_o be_v evident_a to_o sense_n that_o upon_o the_o small_a pin-hole_n make_v in_o the_o vessel_n where_o the_o air_n be_v that_o thus_o contract_n and_o endeavour_n its_o restitution_n either_o upon_o tension_n or_o upon_o grow_v cold_a after_o rarefaction_n the_o air_n thus_o tensed_a or_o contract_v itself_o will_v greedy_o suck_v in_o the_o foreign_a air_n yea_o or_o water_n for_o its_o relief_n against_o that_o tension_n that_o it_o be_v under_o 7._o in_o condensation_n of_o air_n especial_o by_o compression_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o air_n take_v up_o or_o may_v take_v up_o a_o far_o less_o room_n than_o be_v natural_a to_o it_o as_o appear_v in_o wind-gun_n or_o aeolipile_n 8._o it_o be_v also_o apparent_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o compress_a air_n in_o those_o instance_n endeavour_n with_o great_a strength_n and_o force_v its_o relaxation_n from_o this_o compression_n in_o so_o much_o as_o if_o it_o can_v get_v liberty_n it_o will_v cast_v out_o a_o bullet_n with_o great_a force_n in_o wind-gun_n and_o in_o aeolipile_n well_o make_v and_o well_o charge_v with_o water_n by_o a_o syringe_n it_o will_v throw_v up_o the_o water_n above_o twenty_o foot_n high_a these_o phaenomena_n be_v as_o evident_a to_o our_o sense_n of_o sight_n and_o touch_n as_o any_o thing_n we_o see_v or_o feel_v and_o though_o there_o be_v difference_n among_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o solution_n or_o manner_n of_o explication_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n yet_o the_o effect_n themselves_o be_v plain_a and_o sensible_a and_o do_v give_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n that_o sure_o there_o be_v some_o alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o this_o body_n of_o the_o air_n or_o of_o its_o texture_n or_o fabric_n under_o these_o various_a appearance_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n but_o whether_o they_o be_v real_o such_o or_o how_o make_v or_o order_v will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o far_a enquiry_n chap._n vi_o concern_v the_o various_a solution_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n and_o first_o of_o that_o which_o be_v by_o suppose_a interspersed_a vacuity_n rarity_n and_o density_n of_o body_n although_o it_o terminate_v in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a dimension_n or_o extent_n which_o proper_o respect_v quantity_n yet_o they_o seem_v in_o themselves_o to_o be_v but_o various_a passion_n affection_n or_o quality_n of_o body_n arise_v from_o their_o different_a texture_n either_o more_o crass_a or_o more_o subtle_a and_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o body_n seem_v to_o be_v those_o several_a motion_n towards_o these_o quality_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n cause_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o some_o external_a or_o adventitious_a agent_n which_o change_v and_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o any_o body_n whereby_o it_o assume_v those_o quality_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n different_a from_o its_o own_o natural_a constitution_n and_o suitable_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o texture_n they_o do_v for_o the_o time_n undergo_v there_o have_v be_v various_a solution_n or_o explication_n of_o these_o apparent_a phaenomena_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n which_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n consider_v hold_v myself_o to_o that_o of_o the_o air_n either_o by_o compression_n in_o case_n of_o condensation_n or_o by_o expansion_n by_o heat_n or_o by_o tension_n by_o force_n in_o case_n of_o rarefaction_n because_o this_o instance_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n be_v most_o obvious_a to_o sense_n and_o do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n explain_v the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n or_o other_o body_n capable_a of_o those_o affection_n these_o method_n of_o solution_n of_o explication_n of_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n that_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o several_a party_n be_v principal_o three_o 1._o of_o those_o that_o suppose_v the_o same_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o reason_n of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n porosity_n or_o space_n empty_a of_o all_o body_n interpose_v between_o airy_a particle_n which_o in_o case_n of_o rarefaction_n be_v make_v wide_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n or_o great_a aperture_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n or_o other_o body_n rarify_v whereby_o the_o interstitia_fw-la of_o the_o airy_a particle_n be_v great_a and_o those_o empty_a interspersed_a vacuity_n make_v large_a and_o in_o case_n of_o condensation_n the_o airy_a particle_n be_v crowd_v close_o together_o and_o those_o empty_a space_n or_o interstitia_fw-la make_v less_o by_o reception_n of_o those_o particle_n of_o air_n into_o those_o vacuity_n in_o a_o close_a posture_n or_o conjunction_n than_o they_o be_v before_o such_o compression_n constipation_n or_o condensation_n and_o this_o i_o call_v the_o epicurean_a solution_n 2._o of_o those_o that_o admit_v no_o vacuity_n at_o all_o in_o the_o universe_n but_o that_o all_o place_n or_o space_n be_v full_a of_o some_o body_n or_o other_o but_o that_o in_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n whether_o by_o heat_n which_o i_o call_v simple_a rarefection_n or_o expansion_n or_o by_o a_o forcible_a distraction_n or_o divulsion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o such_o rarefy_a or_o expanded_a body_n by_o force_n which_o i_o call_v tension_n those_o particle_n of_o the_o extend_a or_o rarefy_a body_n be_v remove_v to_o a_o great_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o as_o they_o be_v so_o remove_v other_o more_o subtle_a corporeal_a particle_n do_v interpose_v gradual_o and_o fill_v up_o those_o interstitia_fw-la and_o in_o case_n of_o condensation_n the_o more_o subtle_a part_n with_o which_o all_o body_n be_v furnish_v but_o especial_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o compression_n and_o take_v up_o a_o temporary_a residence_n at_o least_o in_o the_o conterminous_a air._n and_o this_o i_o call_v the_o cartesian_a solution_n though_o this_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v have_v some_o variation_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o explication_n but_o though_o these_o method_n differ_v in_o the_o application_n to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n yet_o they_o both_v much_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o material_a principle_n of_o body_n be_v certain_a minute_n corpuscle_n or_o atom_n which_o though_o they_o be_v real_o body_n and_o therefore_o mathematical_o divisible_a yet_o they_o be_v so_o minute_n that_o physical_o and_o actual_o they_o be_v indivisible_a and_o therefore_o in_o themselves_o hard_a and_o unfrangible_a into_o lesser_a portion_n this_o i_o shall_v examine_v hereafter_o in_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o chapter_n 3._o the_o three_o solution_n be_v that_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o modern_a which_o suppose_v
their_o particle_n without_o any_o interstitia_fw-la of_o vacuous_a space_n or_o of_o other_o matter_n to_o fill_v they_o up_o and_o all_o this_o arise_v from_o the_o various_a texture_n of_o those_o body_n so_o the_o same_o body_n by_o a_o various_a texture_n acquire_v by_o accidental_a emergency_n either_o of_o heat_n tension_n or_o compression_n may_v acquire_v a_o great_a or_o less_o expansion_n according_a to_o those_o variety_n of_o acquire_v texture_n yet_o without_o any_o new_a accession_n of_o substance_n or_o deperdition_n of_o any_o its_o include_v particle_n but_o still_o remain_v individual_o the_o very_a same_o matter_n for_o if_o several_a body_n of_o various_a texture_n may_v be_v some_o more_o rare_a and_o some_o more_o dense_a from_o their_o very_a make_n and_o texture_n and_o yet_o as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v more_o rare_a as_o suppose_v air_n or_o water_n may_v as_o exact_o fill_v all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o extension_n without_o the_o subsidiary_a help_n of_o vacuity_n or_o other_o interspersed_a body_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o a_o more_o condense_a consistency_n suppose_v gold_n lead_v or_o mercury_n the_o very_a same_o reason_n do_v enforce_v that_o the_o same_o body_n if_o its_o texture_n be_v either_o by_o force_n or_o accident_n alter_v to_o a_o great_a rarity_n or_o density_n than_o it_o have_v before_o may_v alter_v its_o space_n and_o yet_o be_v entire_o and_o exact_o commensurate_a to_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a space_n according_a to_o such_o alteration_n of_o its_o texture_n as_o well_o as_o those_o several_a body_n that_o have_v primitive_o the_o like_a variety_n of_o texture_n constant_a to_o their_o nature_n for_o matter_n or_o material_a substance_n be_v of_o itself_o equal_o susceptive_a of_o a_o laxer_n or_o crasser_n a_o rare_a or_o denser_n consistence_n or_o texture_n of_o part_n only_o when_o it_o be_v lax_n or_o rare_a the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n take_v up_o more_o space_n when_o it_o be_v crass_a or_o dense_a it_o take_v up_o less_o space_n for_o instance_n in_o distillation_n we_o will_v suppose_v that_o first_o by_o some_o moderate_a heat_n the_o distillatory_n vessel_n the_o vessel_n wherein_o the_o rose_n for_o the_o purpose_n be_v place_v to_o be_v distil_v the_o head_n of_o the_o still_o and_o the_o recipient_a to_o be_v as_o much_o evacuate_v of_o air_n or_o the_o include_v air_n attenuate_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o then_o the_o vessel_n close_o lute_v one_o to_o another_o the_o moist_a matter_n of_o the_o rose_n by_o gentle_a heat_n be_v resolve_v first_o into_o a_o subtle_a fume_v or_o vapour_n and_o so_o rarefy_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o rose-leaves_a then_o again_o these_o fume_n or_o vapour_n partly_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o still_o partly_o by_o the_o collection_n and_o aggregation_n of_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o resolve_v into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o so_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o receiver_n here_o the_o very_a same_o body_n by_o the_o change_n of_o its_o texture_n namely_o the_o watery_a or_o moist_a substance_n of_o the_o rose_n be_v first_o dilate_v into_o fume_n or_o vapour_n and_o then_o contract_v into_o water_n and_o the_o first_o receive_v a_o dilatation_n or_o expansion_n into_o vapour_n where_o it_o take_v up_o a_o large_a dimension_n in_o all_o its_o part_n as_o well_o as_o in_o its_o ambient_fw-la superficies_n and_o then_o a_o contraction_n into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n when_o resolve_v into_o water_n and_o yet_o continue_v still_o the_o same_o body_n but_o by_o variation_n of_o its_o texture_n assume_v a_o large_a or_o narrow_a dimension_n in_o all_o its_o part_n without_o reception_n of_o new_a foreign_a particle_n to_o dilate_v it_o or_o emission_n of_o some_o of_o its_o substance_n in_o contraction_n or_o condensation_n which_o instance_n explain_v what_o i_o intend_v namely_o that_o the_o same_o individual_a body_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o its_o texture_n may_v acquire_v a_o large_a or_o less_o space_n and_o yet_o continue_v the_o same_o body_n though_o alter_v in_o the_o texture_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n as_o air_n have_v a_o large_a expansion_n than_o water_n so_o if_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o thereby_o its_o texture_n alter_v into_o a_o more_o subtle_a expansive_a body_n it_o take_v up_o the_o same_o dimension_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v never_o water_n but_o always_o air._n and_o if_o air_n again_o be_v convert_v into_o water_n it_o take_v up_o the_o same_o contract_a dimension_n as_o if_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v water_n and_o this_o method_n of_o solution_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n answer_v all_o the_o evident_a apparent_a and_o sensible_a phaenomena_n in_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n above_o deliver_v and_o that_o without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o strain_a supposition_n for_o instance_n in_o rarefaction_n by_o heat_n or_o by_o tension_n of_o a_o cubical_a foot_n of_o air_n in_o a_o vessel_n it_o be_v visible_a that_o the_o air_n and_o every_o particle_n of_o it_o gain_v a_o large_a extent_n every_o way_n for_o it_o will_v break_v the_o vessel_n unless_o it_o have_v vent_v which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o the_o entire_a body_n be_v extend_v and_o not_o bare_o the_o superficies_n because_o unless_o the_o whole_a mole_n be_v every_o way_n expanded_a it_o will_v have_v room_n enough_o within_o itself_o for_o its_o reception_n without_o break_v the_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o again_o when_o the_o heat_n decay_v and_o consequent_o the_o air_n relax_v from_o that_o extent_n it_o endeavour_v its_o own_o contraction_n to_o its_o just_a and_o natural_a size_n and_o texture_n which_o it_o lose_v for_o the_o time_n by_o the_o foreign_a violence_n of_o expansion_n by_o heat_n or_o tension_n and_o this_o by_o a_o natural_a motion_n of_o restitution_n to_o its_o natural_a texture_n and_o because_o it_o can_v gain_v its_o relaxation_n to_o its_o former_a texture_n by_o contraction_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vacuity_n that_o will_v thereupon_o follow_v it_o do_v as_o much_o as_o it_o may_v and_o lay_v hold_v on_o the_o internal_a side_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v imprison_v and_o pull_v they_o together_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o gain_v a_o relaxation_n by_o the_o admission_n of_o foreign_a air_n into_o it_o the_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o expanded_a air_n that_o under_o its_o expansion_n fill_v a_o cube_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a will_v subside_o into_o a_o space_n of_o less_o than_o six_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v its_o true_a natural_a space_n result_v from_o the_o texture_n it_o then_o have_v by_o that_o admission_n of_o foreign_a air._n again_o in_o condensation_n a_o portion_n of_o air_n suppose_v a_o cubique_a foot_n in_o its_o just_a and_o natural_a texture_n entire_o fill_v all_o the_o space_n within_o that_o cubical_a foot_n for_o its_o texture_n be_v suit_v to_o such_o a_o space_n but_o be_v compress_v forcible_o into_o a_o windgun_n or_o aeolipile_n the_o texture_n be_v change_v by_o this_o violence_n and_o it_o take_v up_o perchance_o not_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o space_n the_o difference_n of_o its_o extension_n arise_v from_o the_o alteration_n of_o its_o texture_n by_o this_o external_a compressive_a force_n use_v upon_o it_o and_o hereupon_o it_o gain_v a_o elasticity_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o natural_a motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la to_o be_v restore_v to_o its_o former_a just_a and_o natural_a texture_n and_o consequent_o to_o that_o just_a extent_n and_o liberty_n and_o position_n of_o space_n that_o belong_v natural_o to_o it_o as_o a_o stick_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o spring_n of_o steel_n be_v bend_v beyond_o or_o against_o its_o just_a position_n have_v its_o motion_n of_o restitution_n to_o its_o former_a position_n with_o a_o force_n or_o resilition_n for_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n have_v a_o certain_a determinate_a texture_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o consequent_o a_o just_a and_o natural_a extension_n proportionate_a to_o that_o texture_n and_o this_o it_o greedy_o endeavour_n to_o keep_v and_o when_o disturb_v from_o it_o to_o re-acquire_a which_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o restitution_n which_o i_o often_o express_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o spontaneous_a contraction_n of_o a_o lutestring_n after_o a_o extension_n beyond_o its_o proper_a texture_n and_o this_o be_v the_o genuine_a and_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o strong_a and_o violent_a explosion_n that_o happen_v in_o those_o pneumatical_a engine_n of_o various_a sort_n so_o that_o in_o these_o and_o all_o other_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n this_o plain_a and_o common_a and_o ancient_a solution_n square_n exact_o with_o they_o as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o infinite_a more_o particular_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o best_a philosopher_n both_o ancient_n and_o
that_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v real_o natural_a affection_n or_o quality_n of_o physical_a body_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n be_v a_o real_a expansion_n of_o the_o very_a entire_a mole_n of_o the_o body_n true_o rarefy_v and_o condensation_n be_v a_o real_a contraction_n of_o the_o whole_a dimension_n of_o the_o body_n condense_v namely_o where_o it_o be_v true_o and_o formal_o a_o true_a rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n as_o the_o question_n be_v above_o state_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n and_o this_o i_o call_v the_o aristotelian_a solution_n and_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o true_a in_o the_o manner_n hereafter_o dedescribe_v first_o therefore_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o solution_n by_o interspersed_a vacuity_n this_o though_o it_o do_v in_o truth_n take_v away_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n as_o it_o be_v before_o state_v for_o still_o the_o same_o body_n hold_v but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o space_n though_o in_o different_a position_n or_o ubication_n of_o its_o part_n yet_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v be_v the_o supposition_n of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n true_a will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n though_o not_o altogether_o salve_v many_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n but_o there_o be_v these_o two_o grand_a objection_n that_o i_o think_v render_v this_o solution_n impossible_a to_o be_v true_a 1._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o untrue_a that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o interspersed_a vacuity_n whole_o destitute_a of_o body_n either_o in_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o body_n and_o herein_o the_o cartesian_o and_o i_o agree_v and_o that_o which_o render_v this_o supposition_n untrue_a be_v that_o excellent_a demonstration_n improve_v by_o sir_n k._n digby_n in_o his_o history_n of_o body_n if_o there_o be_v such_o interspersed_a vacuity_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a superficies_n that_o be_v more_o rare_a must_v have_v more_o or_o great_a interspersion_n of_o such_o vacuity_n than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o dense_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o same_o mole_n of_o body_n that_o be_v more_o dense_a must_v needs_o have_v more_o of_o matter_n or_o body_n in_o it_o than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o rare_a or_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v equal_o consequential_a that_o where_o the_o body_n be_v more_o weighty_a the_o same_o external_a mole_n of_o the_o more_o weighty_a body_n must_v needs_o have_v more_o of_o body_n and_o less_o of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o light_a where_o the_o external_a mole_n of_o either_o be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o gold_n must_v have_v more_o of_o body_n and_o less_o of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o silver_n and_o that_o than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o water_n and_o that_o than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o air._n the_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la pag._n 8_o &_o 9_o by_o a_o exact_a computation_n give_v we_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o disproportion_n of_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o extrinsic_a mole_n of_o several_a body_n whereby_o he_o find_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o pure_a gold_n reduce_v into_o a_o cubical_a figure_n or_o mole_n weigh_v 20_o d_o weight_n and_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o of_o mercury_n 19_o d_o weight_n and_o 9_o grain_n the_o like_a mole_n of_o silver_n weigh_v 10_o d_o weight_n and_o 21_o grain_n and_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n weigh_v 1_o d_o weight_n and_o 3_o grain_n and_o upon_o a_o like_a trial_n pag._n 20._o find_v that_o the_o heavy_a any_o solid_a body_n be_v and_o more_o unite_a its_o part_n be_v the_o light_a be_v the_o same_o body_n reduce_v into_o dust_n though_o close_o compress_v together_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o body_n before_o its_o pulverization_n his_o experiment_n go_v not_o so_o far_o as_o the_o disproportion_n between_o the_o weight_n or_o denseness_n of_o air_n or_o water_n but_o mersennus_n and_o some_o other_o that_o have_v be_v curious_a in_o this_o computation_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o extrinsic_a mole_n of_o water_n be_v about_o 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o mercury_n and_o the_o same_o mole_n of_o air_n be_v at_o least_o 900_o time_n other_o say_v 1300_o time_n light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o cubick_a inch_n or_o foot_n of_o mercury_n to_o be_v entire_o full_a without_o interspersed_a vacuity_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o it_o which_o yet_o upon_o the_o account_n give_v want_v much_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o in_o one_o cubique_fw-la inch_n or_o foot_n or_o other_o mole_n of_o air_n for_o one_o particle_n of_o body_n there_o must_v be_v 11699_o part_n of_o empty_a space_n each_o of_o these_o space_n equal_a to_o the_o space_n that_o the_o real_a body_n of_o the_o air_n take_v up_o such_o be_v the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o weight_n between_o the_o like_a quantity_n or_o mole_n of_o air_n to_o that_o of_o like_a mole_n of_o mercury_n viz._n as_o 1_o to_o 11700._o the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v be_v that_o yet_o the_o cubique_a foot_n or_o inch_n or_o other_o measure_n or_o a_o vessel_n contain_v nothing_o but_o air_n may_v receive_v a_o quantity_n of_o mercury_n that_o bear_v proportion_n as_o 11699_o to_o 1_o and_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o bear_v the_o proportion_n of_o 899_o to_o 1_o without_o extrude_a any_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n or_o overfil_v or_o break_v the_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v include_v and_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n we_o breath_n in_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o 891_o part_n of_o vacuity_n for_o one_o part_n of_o true_a substantial_a air_n as_o there_o must_v be_v upon_o this_o supposition_n all_o respiration_n will_v present_o be_v obstruct_v and_o indeed_o all_o that_o motion_n which_o we_o see_v especial_o in_o meteor_n but_o as_o this_o be_v prodigious_o incredible_a so_o it_o be_v apparent_o untrue_a for_o take_v a_o tube_n full_a of_o air_n and_o stop_v it_o at_o one_o end_n immerse_v the_o open_a end_n into_o water_n and_o press_v it_o down_o as_o low_a as_o may_v be_v yet_o not_o one_o half_a of_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v fill_v with_o water_n nay_o take_v a_o aeolipile_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o syringe_n to_o drive_v in_o the_o water_n it_o will_v with_o great_a difficulty_n receive_v into_o it_o ¾_n part_n of_o water_n and_o thereby_o the_o air_n contract_v into_o a_o quarter_n of_o its_o former_a room_n and_o with_o great_a pain_n and_o force_n it_o may_v be_v into_o a_o much_o less_o room_n but_o never_o any_o pretend_v it_o can_v be_v compress_v into_o the_o 899_o the_o part_n of_o its_o former_a room_n and_o yet_o thus_o it_o may_v be_v and_o with_o great_a ease_n because_o here_o be_v 899_o empty_a space_n which_o may_v receive_v the_o water_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o if_o the_o bottle_n or_o vessel_n be_v not_o empty_a only_o of_o water_n or_o air_n but_o perfect_o empty_a of_o any_o other_o body_n abate_v only_o 1_o 900_o of_o the_o room_n to_o receive_v the_o air._n 2._o the_o second_o difficulty_n in_o this_o supposition_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o it_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n especial_o in_o condensation_n of_o air_n by_o pressure_n as_o in_o wind-gun_n and_o aeolipile_n which_o visible_o with_o a_o great_a force_n endeavour_v its_o restitution_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o explosion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o wind-gun_n and_o ejection_n of_o water_n press_v into_o aeolipile_n for_o the_o air_n upon_o this_o supposition_n have_v a_o free_a room_n far_o more_o than_o sufficient_a for_o its_o reception_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o any_o such_o violence_n in_o its_o motion_n of_o restitution_n it_o have_v 899_o empty_a cavity_n whereas_o it_o have_v need_v but_o of_o 1_o 900_o part_n thereof_o for_o its_o reception_n and_o more_o vacuity_n can_v contribute_v nothing_o either_o to_o resist_v compression_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a force_n of_o restitution_n because_o nothing_o can_v have_v no_o activity_n or_o motion_n 3._o again_o if_o air_n or_o water_n be_v strong_o rarefy_v by_o heat_n we_o see_v it_o take_v up_o a_o large_a extension_n than_o before_o it_o have_v and_o that_o with_o such_o a_o energy_n and_o force_n that_o it_o will_v break_v a_o strong_a vessel_n enclose_v it_o which_o it_o can_v never_o do_v be_v there_o any_o considerable_a interspersion_n of_o vacuity_n because_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n will_v with_o much_o more_o ease_n break_v into_o those_o vacua_fw-la interstitia_fw-la which_o have_v no_o resistance_n against_o it_o than_o it_o will_v or_o can_v force_v its_o room_n upon_o
the_o ambient_fw-la vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o and_o resist_v its_o dilatation_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n it_o have_v and_o this_o very_a reason_n do_v as_o effectual_o conclude_v against_o the_o second_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n by_o the_o admission_n of_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la into_o the_o suppose_a interstitia_fw-la if_o due_o consider_v chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o second_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o its_o insufficiency_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o second_o solution_n above_o offer_v which_o suppose_v these_o thing_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v no_o empty_a space_n or_o interspersed_a vacuity_n in_o the_o air_n or_o any_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n with_o which_o i_o agree_v 2._o that_o the_o principle_n of_o compound_a body_n be_v certain_a minute_n atomical_a corpuscle_n physical_o indivisible_a and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o these_o very_a minute_n body_n be_v some_o grosser_n like_o little_a globuli_fw-la ground_n to_o as_o small_a a_o magnitude_n as_o be_v natural_o possible_a and_o yet_o the_o ramenta_fw-la or_o file_n of_o these_o globuli_fw-la be_v small_a than_o the_o former_a and_o make_v that_o constituent_a or_o principle_n which_o they_o call_v materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la which_o interpose_v between_o other_o grosser_n atom_n or_o corpuscle_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o interstitia_fw-la between_o they_o this_o supposition_n i_o deny_v and_o shall_v show_v my_o reason_n against_o it_o 3._o that_o in_o rarefaction_n or_o tension_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o body_n capable_a of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v only_o a_o separation_n or_o disjunction_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o increase_v its_o extension_n but_o only_o vary_v the_o position_n or_o vicinity_n of_o its_o part_n and_o hereupon_o to_o fill_v the_o interstitia_fw-la between_o the_o part_n thus_o divulse_v there_o be_v immit_v into_o those_o interstitia_fw-la subtle_a matter_n or_o those_o subtle_a file_n of_o the_o globuli_fw-la that_o fill_v those_o space_n which_o be_v therefore_o borrow_v from_o the_o subtle_a matter_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o circumjacent_a air_n or_o final_o from_o the_o aether_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o subtle_a matter_n in_o nature_n 4._o that_o in_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n by_o compression_n that_o subtilissima_fw-la materia_fw-la that_fw-mi reside_v before_o within_o the_o body_n of_o that_o portion_n of_o air_n be_v by_o compression_n squeeze_v out_o and_o drive_v into_o the_o conterminous_a air_n whereby_o that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o condense_a portion_n of_o air_n and_o its_o part_n come_v close_o together_o and_o take_v up_o less_o room_n or_o space_n than_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v before_o namely_o in_o the_o external_a bulk_n or_o superficies_n though_o in_o truth_n and_o reality_n the_o air_n itself_o thus_o seem_o condense_v and_o its_o particle_n take_v up_o real_o as_o much_o room_n or_o space_n as_o before_o though_o the_o figure_n and_o position_n and_o ubication_n of_o that_o space_n that_o it_o take_v up_o now_o be_v only_o alter_v by_o its_o secession_n into_o the_o space_n wherein_o the_o subtilissima_fw-la materia_fw-la now_o fly_v away_o do_v former_o reside_v this_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n i_o think_v be_v neither_o true_a nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o measure_n answer_v the_o phaenomena_n in_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n first_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o very_a supposition_n itself_o of_o these_o solute_a atom_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v may_v deserve_v the_o title_n of_o idolum_fw-la epicureum_fw-la or_o cartesianum_n never_o intend_v by_o the_o latter_a as_o any_o real_a truth_n but_o only_o as_o a_o supposition_n engine_n or_o medium_fw-la to_o explicate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n though_o now_o unwary_o enough_o take_v up_o by_o many_o virtuoso_n as_o a_o truth_n 1._o it_o rob_v all_o body_n of_o any_o real_a or_o possible_a continuity_n without_o a_o miracle_n or_o the_o substitution_n of_o some_o cement_n matter_n differ_v from_o atom_n or_o solute_a body_n to_o hold_v the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n together_o for_o how_o can_v real_o separate_v body_n such_o as_o the_o very_a lest_o of_o atom_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v have_v any_o continuity_n or_o so_o much_o as_o mutual_a cohesion_n bare_o by_o contiguity_n for_o as_o to_o the_o atomy_n hamatae_fw-la they_o savour_v too_o rank_o of_o fiction_n and_o invention_n and_o the_o polar_a magnetism_n and_o difference_n of_o sex_n of_o atom_n seem_v as_o vain_a 2._o we_o see_v in_o many_o body_n not_o only_o a_o continuity_n but_o a_o strong_a texture_n whereby_o they_o will_v not_o ready_o be_v break_v that_o yet_o at_o first_o arise_v from_o a_o thin_a watery_a substance_n or_o concrement_n as_o the_o nerve_n of_o animal_n the_o wood_n of_o tree_n the_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n as_o withy_n flax_n nettle_n nay_o the_o very_a spider_n web_n have_v beside_o its_o continuity_n a_o certain_a tenaciousness_n so_o have_v water_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o traction_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n this_o tenaciousness_n glutinousness_n and_o strong_a cohesion_n of_o part_n of_o body_n one_o to_o another_o can_v never_o be_v by_o the_o apposition_n of_o solute_a particle_n one_o to_o another_o though_o never_o so_o small_a but_o from_o a_o kind_n of_o intrinsic_a contexture_n of_o the_o body_n themselves_o 2._o upon_o this_o supposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o body_n shall_v be_v equal_o hard_a and_o equal_o weighty_a and_o equal_o dense_a those_o atom_n even_o those_o that_o be_v the_o most_o minute_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la be_v yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v body_n and_o essential_o divisible_a though_o not_o divide_v nor_o indeed_o divisible_a physical_o by_o any_o force_n and_o therefore_o hard_a and_o unfrangible_a and_o therefore_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v a_o vessel_n of_o a_o foot_n square_n fill_v with_o air_n this_o mole_n though_o we_o call_v it_o of_o air_n be_v yet_o real_o make_v up_o of_o those_o hard_a particle_n and_o then_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a it_o shall_v be_v soft_a to_o the_o touch_n any_o more_o than_o brass_n or_o steel_n for_o the_o softness_n of_o dust_n of_o gold_n or_o other_o solid_a body_n be_v not_o from_o the_o dust_n itself_o but_o from_o the_o numerous_a interspersed_a particle_n of_o air._n again_o this_o cubique_a vessel_n full_a of_o air_n be_v entire_o full_a of_o body_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o this_o supposition_n must_v necessary_o admit_v intersperse_v vacuity_n the_o thing_n that_o the_o whole_a supposition_n of_o the_o cartesian_o deny_v but_o if_o it_o be_v full_a of_o body_n in_o every_o imaginable_a space_n thereof_o why_o shall_v not_o this_o cubique_a mole_n of_o air_n thus_o constipate_v with_o a_o plenitude_n of_o body_n be_v as_o weighty_a as_o the_o like_a cube_n of_o water_n yea_o or_o gold_n for_o as_o to_o solidity_n the_o atomical_a body_n themselves_o in_o both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o consistence_n and_o all_o space_n be_v suppose_v full_a both_o in_o the_o cubique_a foot_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o excess_n of_o weight_n be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o excess_n of_o matter_n or_o bodily_a substance_n 4._o again_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o small_a atom_n or_o particle_n of_o matter_n even_o the_o ramenta_fw-la that_o be_v suppose_v the_o constituent_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la be_v yet_o body_n and_o consequent_o have_v their_o trina_n dimensio_fw-la and_o variety_n of_o configuration_n some_o spherical_a some_o cubical_a some_o triangular_a be_v these_o never_o so_o little_a yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o can_v exact_o touch_v one_o another_o in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o superficies_n a_o spherical_a body_n can_v be_v in_o all_o its_o superficies_n contiguous_a to_o another_o spherical_a or_o cubical_a body_n and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v some_o real_a though_o small_a interval_n between_o these_o minute_n particle_n and_o then_o the_o cartesian_o to_o make_v good_a their_o supposition_n must_v have_v yet_o another_o matter_n more_o subtle_a than_o that_o which_o they_o yet_o call_v subtilissima_fw-la to_o fill_v those_o chink_n et_fw-la quis_fw-la custodiet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la custodes_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v these_o fissure_v between_o the_o minute_a particle_n be_v inconsiderable_a for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o all_o it_o spoil_v the_o supposition_n but_o beside_o that_o certain_o he_o that_o hold_v this_o supposition_n must_v yet_o admit_v that_o in_o the_o cubique_a foot_n of_o air_n the_o interstitia_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v great_a than_o in_o water_n or_o mercury_n of_o the_o like_a mole_n for_o certain_o otherwise_o the_o weight_n of_o mercury_n water_n and_o
air_n will_v be_v all_o one_o and_o so_o they_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o vacuist_n therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a both_o to_o nature_n sense_n and_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o first_o production_n of_o body_n homogeneal_a whether_o by_o creation_n by_o almighty_a god_n or_o by_o generation_n according_a to_o his_o institute_v law_n of_o nature_n the_o consistency_n of_o thing_n and_o their_o several_a texture_n to_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o their_o first_o production_n and_o that_o they_o consist_v of_o part_n in_o union_n and_o not_o separate_v till_o actual_a separation_n and_o that_o these_o part_n be_v of_o the_o like_a consistence_n and_o texture_n with_o the_o whole_a in_o body_n homogeneal_a as_o in_o air_n and_o in_o water_n and_o not_o of_o part_n or_o principle_n quite_o of_o another_o consistence_n and_o frame_n from_o the_o whole_a all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n to_o be_v air_n but_o yet_o some_o air_n or_o air_n at_o some_o time_n more_o subtle_a than_o other_o and_o so_o for_o water_n and_o therefore_o all_o this_o apparatus_fw-la of_o atom_n and_o globuli_fw-la and_o minute_n particle_n be_v not_o of_o thing_n that_o ever_o real_o exi_v but_o only_o the_o creature_n and_o fiction_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o any_o one_o common_a material_a principle_n of_o physical_a body_n it_o be_v most_o consonant_a both_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o to_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v water_n 1._o thus_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o that_o admirable_a narrative_n of_o the_o creation_n the_o first_o distinct_a body_n we_o find_v mention_v be_v the_o water_n 2._o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a thales_n milesius_n and_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n exit_fw-la aqua_fw-la omne_fw-la 3._o the_o accommodation_n of_o water_n to_o the_o production_n of_o other_o body_n by_o the_o transmutation_n of_o its_o texture_n speak_v much_o for_o it_o to_o be_v the_o common_a principle_n of_o material_a body_n 1._o it_o be_v productive_a of_o consistence_n rare_a and_o more_o subtle_a than_o itself_o as_o vapour_n fume_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o very_a air_n itself_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o activity_n of_o heat_n 2._o it_o be_v productive_a of_o thing_n more_o crass_a and_o solid_a than_o itself_o as_o leave_n fruit_n wood_n shell_n stone_n which_o we_o see_v arise_v from_o certain_a concretion_n single_o of_o water_n 3._o it_o be_v productive_a of_o consistence_n that_o have_v great_a tenaciousness_n and_o connexion_n than_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o production_n of_o the_o nerve_n tunicle_n tendon_n muscle_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v at_o first_o but_o certain_a waterish_a concrement_n digest_v by_o the_o animal_n heat_n into_o those_o ligament_n and_o in_o the_o tough_a and_o strong_a bark_n and_o filament_n of_o vegetable_n in_o their_o trunk_n rind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v at_o first_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o limpid_a juice_n or_o water_n suck_v up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o vegetable_n and_o that_o even_o where_o it_o have_v no_o other_o visible_a nutriment_n but_o simple_a water_n 4._o in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o body_n either_o artificial_o or_o natural_o they_o seem_v most_o ready_o to_o reassume_v a_o waterish_a consistence_n water_n therefore_o seem_v more_o accommodate_v to_o be_v the_o common_a material_a principle_n much_o rather_o than_o these_o imaginable_a atom_n though_o i_o take_v not_o upon_o i_o positive_o to_o determine_v it_o chap._n viii_o further_o consideration_n concern_v the_o deficiency_n of_o this_o second_o solution_n in_o relation_n to_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o the_o supplement_n that_o have_v be_v devise_v to_o enforce_v or_o supply_v it_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o have_v consider_v the_o improbability_n of_o the_o supposition_n in_o general_n i_o shall_v now_o set_v down_o those_o reason_n and_o evidence_n which_o render_v the_o whole_a supposition_n utter_o inapplicable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n 1._o as_o to_o rarefaction_n the_o intromission_n of_o these_o foreign_a particle_n of_o matter_n to_o supply_v the_o suppose_a separation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o body_n rarefy_v it_o be_v not_o possible_o consistent_a with_o that_o motion_n which_o rarefy_a body_n have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o rarefaction_n which_o be_v most_o apparent_o expulsive_a of_o any_o foreign_a matter_n and_o not_o receptive_a of_o it_o take_v a_o corn_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o give_v it_o fire_n it_o turn_v in_o a_o moment_n to_o a_o body_n of_o flame_n above_o 1000_o time_n large_a than_o itself_o it_o drive_v away_o the_o conterminous_a air_n from_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o powder_n it_o will_v break_v the_o window_n wall_n and_o contignation_n next_o to_o it_o and_o this_o do_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o in_o the_o moment_n of_o its_o expansion_n be_v it_o imaginable_a to_o any_o man_n that_o think_v twice_o that_o in_o that_o moment_n of_o its_o expansion_n when_o it_o drive_v all_o before_o it_o and_o from_o it_o this_o subtilissima_fw-la materia_fw-la which_o be_v so_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a shall_v have_v admission_n and_o admission_n in_o that_o moment_n to_o make_v good_a a_o expansion_n of_o such_o a_o extent_n nature_n and_o quality_n again_o when_o air_n in_o a_o vessel_n be_v bring_v near_o the_o fire_n and_o warm_v by_o this_o heat_n the_o air_n be_v expanded_a and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v close_o it_o will_v break_v from_o the_o dilatation_n within_o so_o that_o in_o all_o this_o rarefaction_n the_o air_n and_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o it_o and_o within_o it_o have_v a_o pressure_n outward_a not_o any_o motion_n of_o receptiveness_n of_o any_o thing_n from_o without_o and_o therefore_o must_v necessary_o drive_v away_o those_o gentle_a particle_n of_o materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la and_o can_v never_o admit_v they_o in_o the_o act_n of_o rarefaction_n do_v by_o heat_n 2._o it_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a supposal_n that_o the_o subtle_a matter_n shall_v pass_v through_o the_o most_o impervious_a body_n as_o glass_n brass_n yea_o gold_n itself_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o interstitia_fw-la of_o tense_n or_o rarefy_a body_n as_o it_o must_v according_a to_o this_o supposition_n but_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a to_o believe_v it_o but_o the_o contrary_a thereof_o be_v most_o apparent_o evident_a to_o the_o very_a sense_n especial_o in_o the_o magdeburg_n hemisphere_n describe_v cap._n 18._o nugarum_fw-la if_o you_o take_v the_o two_o brass_n hemisphere_n there_o describe_v and_o by_o heat_n rarefie_v the_o air_n in_o they_o then_o clap_v they_o together_o in_o the_o manner_n there_o describe_v when_o the_o include_v heat_n be_v spend_v they_o will_v cohere_v so_o strong_a together_o that_o 30_o l._n weight_n will_v not_o sever_v they_o but_o let_v they_o receive_v a_o moderate_a heat_n again_o from_o the_o fire_n or_o let_v there_o be_v a_o hole_n no_o big_a than_o the_o point_n of_o a_o needle_n to_o let_v in_o any_o foreign_a air_n they_o will_v be_v quick_o sever_v for_o the_o tension_n which_o the_o include_v particle_n of_o air_n do_v gain_v by_o their_o motion_n of_o restitution_n and_o motus_fw-la nexus_fw-la be_v thereby_o relax_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o these_o hemisphere_n if_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o heat_n or_o perforation_n they_o will_v remain_v in_o this_o posture_n of_o cohesion_n a_o hour_n nay_o possible_o a_o day_n or_o week_n or_o more_o now_o if_o this_o subtle_a matter_n which_o must_v be_v the_o mean_n of_o rarefaction_n or_o extension_n according_a to_o the_o cartesian_a supposition_n pervade_v the_o vessel_n so_o easy_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o this_o straight_a prison_n without_o avolation_n through_o the_o brass_n hemisphere_n or_o rather_o why_o do_v not_o a_o great_a quantity_n thereof_o pervade_v the_o brass_n hemisphere_n all_o this_o while_n and_o release_v the_o air_n from_o its_o hard_a tension_n by_o separate_v thereby_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o so_o restore_v the_o air_n in_o all_o part_n to_o its_o just_a and_o natural_a texture_n and_o position_n and_o certain_o if_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n or_o hylarchical_a principle_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n or_o be_v effective_a in_o it_o here_o be_v a_o proper_a business_n and_o exercise_n for_o it_o but_o we_o see_v that_o without_o perforation_n or_o accession_n of_o heat_n nothing_o of_o such_o relaxation_n be_v effect_v notwitstand_v the_o great_a stress_n that_o the_o air_n be_v under_o in_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o which_o yet_o will_v be_v inevitable_o relax_v if_o a_o considerable_a portion_n of_o subtle_a matter_n do_v penetrate_v through_o the_o hemisphere_n
and_o mix_v itself_o with_o the_o include_v rarefy_v air_n as_o well_o as_o if_o a_o little_a air_n be_v let_v into_o it_o through_o a_o pin-hole_n 4._o in_o the_o instance_n last_o give_v and_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n that_o may_v be_v give_v where_o the_o filament_n of_o the_o air_n in_o their_o relaxation_n from_o heat_n have_v a_o motion_n of_o contraction_n in_o themselves_o per_fw-la viam_fw-la restitutionis_fw-la and_o a_o consequential_a attraction_n on_o the_o vessel_n include_v they_o per_fw-la modum_fw-la nexus_fw-la it_o be_v impossible_a this_o can_v be_v salve_v by_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o cartesian_o and_o lucretians_n which_o suppose_v the_o air_n to_o consist_v of_o minute_n particle_n only_o join_v together_o by_o contiguity_n for_o where_o there_o be_v only_a contiguity_n without_o continuity_n of_o part_n that_o body_n can_v never_o draw_v another_o body_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la tractionis_fw-la it_o will_v be_v real_o less_o tenacious_a than_o a_o rope_n of_o sand_n so_o that_o such_o a_o intromission_n of_o particle_n thus_o solute_a as_o they_o state_n most_o body_n to_o be_v by_o a_o bare_a contiguity_n of_o atom_n can_v never_o explicate_v this_o visible_a phaenomenon_n that_o ensue_v upon_o tension_n of_o the_o air_n or_o after_o the_o avolation_n or_o extinguishment_n of_o heat_n that_o first_o expanded_a it_o 5._o and_o as_o this_o supposition_n by_o no_o mean_n salve_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n and_o what_o ensue_v thereupon_o so_o it_o as_o little_a salve_n that_o of_o condensation_n or_o constipation_n of_o air_n by_o compression_n as_o we_o see_v in_o wind-gun_n and_o other_o engine_n which_o upon_o a_o discharge_v or_o a_o motion_n of_o that_o compression_n do_v with_o a_o force_n explode_v or_o discharge_v themselves_o and_o press_v very_o hard_o upon_o body_n that_o be_v in_o their_o way_n so_o that_o a_o windgun_n will_v drive_v a_o bullet_n through_o a_o pretty_a thick_a piece_n of_o wood_n which_o can_v never_o be_v if_o this_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v true_a 1._o if_o the_o air_n itself_o and_o also_o this_o subsidiary_n materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la be_v but_o a_o collection_n of_o minute_n body_n join_v only_o in_o contiguity_n one_o to_o another_o all_o the_o compression_n in_o the_o world_n will_v give_v it_o no_o more_o elasticity_n or_o that_o explosive_a motion_n than_o if_o a_o portion_n of_o calice-sand_n be_v force_v into_o a_o gun_n or_o other_o vessel_n with_o all_o the_o compression_n imaginable_a 2._o but_o again_o in_o that_o elastical_a explosion_n by_o the_o air_n compress_v into_o a_o narrow_a room_n what_o be_v it_o that_o actual_o exercise_v that_o explosive_a elasticity_n be_v it_o the_o subtle_a matter_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o include_v compress_v air_n sure_o no_o for_o according_a to_o this_o supposition_n that_o be_v squeeze_v out_o and_o permeate_v through_o the_o barrel_n or_o trunk_n of_o the_o windgun_n or_o be_v it_o the_o grosser_n particle_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v yet_o leave_v in_o the_o gun_n and_o can_v get_v out_o till_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v remove_v but_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o that_o to_o have_v any_o elasticity_n for_o by_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o subtle_a matter_n there_o be_v room_n enough_o leave_v for_o it_o and_o under_o that_o narrow_a dimension_n that_o now_o it_o have_v yet_o have_v it_o as_o much_o room_n as_o before_o for_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la have_v make_v a_o perfect_a room_n for_o it_o and_o leave_v it_o a_o space_n exact_o commensurate_a to_o its_o corporeal_a mole_n but_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la that_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o compression_n now_o upon_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la pervade_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o gun_n with_o that_o force_n that_o it_o give_v the_o explosion_n but_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o neither_o this_o can_v help_v it_o for_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o subtle_a matter_n into_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o windgun_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la must_v needs_o run_v counter_a to_o the_o explosion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o obstruct_v it_o again_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o subtle_a matter_n be_v drive_v out_o gradual_o and_o with_o iterate_a force_n and_o it_o can_v pervade_v the_o iron_n side_n of_o the_o gun_n but_o gradual_o and_o with_o great_a strain_n and_o to_o imagine_v that_o in_o a_o moment_n the_o moment_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la the_o whole_a body_n of_o that_o remove_a matter_n shall_v pervade_v the_o strong_a and_o close_a metal_n in_o a_o instant_n to_o give_v that_o strong_a and_o forcible_a explosion_n exceed_v all_o reason_n sense_n and_o credibility_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o necessary_a for_o those_o that_o will_v maintain_v this_o assertion_n to_o substitute_v a_o spirit_n of_o nature_n or_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n which_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n in_o their_o due_a natural_a state_n and_o position_n shall_v act_v little_a less_o than_o miraculous_o to_o supply_v all_o these_o difficulty_n which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o must_v be_v suppose_v according_a to_o this_o supposition_n to_o act_v in_o contradiction_n to_o itself_o and_o nature_n also_o for_o when_o in_o rarefaction_n of_o body_n this_o spiritus_fw-la naturae_fw-la send_v supply_n of_o subtle_a matter_n to_o fill_v the_o interstitia_fw-la it_o must_v necessary_o rob_v other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n of_o some_o of_o that_o subtle_a matter_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o its_o texture_n and_o natural_a constitution_n and_o so_o when_o one_o portion_n of_o matter_n be_v gratify_v another_o be_v impoverish_v of_o what_o belong_v to_o it_o which_o seem_v whole_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o office_n which_o this_o vicarious_a spirit_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o this_o new_a supposition_n be_v substitute_v to_o exercise_v chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o three_o supposition_n of_o the_o method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosophy_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a have_v examine_v the_o two_o former_a supposition_n and_o as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v discover_v their_o insufficiency_n i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v true_a viz._n as_o to_o that_o kind_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n which_o before_o in_o the_o 4_o the_o chapter_n be_v state_v to_o be_v the_o true_a matter_n of_o the_o question_n for_o in_o rarefaction_n of_o a_o body_n suppose_v air_n either_o by_o heat_n or_o tension_n there_o be_v a_o real_a expansion_n or_o dilatation_n of_o the_o same_o mole_n of_o matter_n of_o the_o air_n and_o all_o its_o part_n to_o a_o large_a space_n extent_n or_o dimension_n than_o it_o have_v before_o and_o in_o condensation_n by_o cold_a but_o more_o evident_o by_o compression_n the_o same_o mole_n of_o matter_n and_o all_o its_o part_n have_v a_o narrow_a or_o less_o space_n or_o expansion_n than_o before_o i_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o although_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n from_o its_o natural_a size_n and_o dimension_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o not_o always_o by_o the_o agency_n or_o efficiency_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n yet_o under_o such_o circumstance_n rarity_n and_o density_n be_v but_o natural_a affection_n or_o rather_o passion_n quality_n or_o modes_n of_o such_o body_n arise_v from_o their_o very_a texture_n and_o make_v and_o be_v as_o natural_o belong_v to_o they_o as_o heat_n or_o cold_a humidity_n or_o dryness_n smoothness_n or_o roughness_n or_o other_o tangible_a quality_n to_o other_o body_n that_o be_v more_o gross_a and_o corporeal_a 2._o i_o do_v suppose_v that_o whatever_o man_n have_v talk_v or_o write_v concern_v spatia_fw-la imaginaria_fw-la without_o relation_n to_o any_o body_n to_o fill_v it_o yet_o as_o time_n or_o successive_a duration_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o attendant_n upon_o successive_a motion_n so_o space_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o entity_n relative_a to_o body_n and_o dependent_a upon_o they_o 3._o to_o make_v way_n to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v herein_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o no_o kind_n of_o repugnancy_n in_o nature_n but_o altogether_o consonant_a thereunto_o and_o that_o it_o be_v equal_o possible_a and_o reasonable_a that_o a_o body_n that_o be_v much_o more_o rare_a than_o another_o and_o have_v in_o it_o less_o of_o solid_a corporeity_n and_o consequent_o of_o weight_n than_o another_o yet_o may_v as_o entire_o fill_v the_o whole_a space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o external_a superficies_n as_o a_o body_n of_o a_o denser_n consistence_n so_o that_o although_o gold_n be_v 18000_o time_n bulk_n for_o bulk_n heavy_a than_o air_n and_o near_o 20_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o although_o water_n be_v near_o 14_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n
yet_o it_o be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a but_o high_o consonant_a to_o nature_n that_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o tube_n of_o air_n may_v be_v as_o close_o unite_v one_o to_o another_o and_o as_o entire_o fill_v that_o cubical_a space_n as_o the_o like_a cubical_a body_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n or_o gold_n and_o that_o although_o it_o be_v inherent_a in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o a_o rare_a body_n not_o to_o have_v so_o firm_a a_o consistency_n as_o that_o which_o be_v more_o crass_a and_o solid_a yet_o such_o a_o rare_a body_n may_v be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o pore_n or_o interstitia_fw-la between_o its_o part_n as_o the_o most_o solid_a body_n imaginable_a for_o porosity_n or_o distance_n of_o part_n be_v not_o a_o effect_n necessary_o result_v from_o rarity_n for_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a position_n that_o no_o body_n that_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la solidum_fw-la or_o crassum_fw-la can_v have_v be_v create_v that_o have_v all_o its_o part_n commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o external_a dimension_n or_o extima_fw-la superficies_n of_o such_o body_n and_o yet_o this_o must_v necessary_o follow_v if_o such_o a_o commensuration_n ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v contradictory_n to_o and_o inconsistent_a with_o any_o body_n that_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la solidum_fw-la or_o crassum_fw-la whereof_o possible_o there_o be_v no_o instance_n that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v make_v for_o gold_n itself_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o solidum_fw-la for_o one_o piece_n of_o gold_n may_v be_v solider_fw-la and_o have_v more_o of_o crass_a matter_n than_o another_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o disparity_n of_o weight_n between_o two_o several_a kind_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n nay_o upon_o a_o strict_a search_n it_o may_v be_v find_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la true_a that_o some_o kind_n of_o wood_n or_o metal_n that_o be_v more_o crass_a and_o consequent_o more_o weighty_a than_o other_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o porous_a than_o some_o wood_n or_o metal_n that_o be_v light_a and_o of_o a_o great_a tenuity_n yea_o glass_n or_o crystal_n that_o be_v light_a and_o less_o crass_a than_o some_o other_o body_n may_v be_v less_o porous_a than_o such_o as_o be_v heavy_a and_o crasser_n or_o if_o comparison_n be_v make_v between_o it_o and_o common_a iron-ore_n the_o like_a between_o calice-sand_n and_o yellow_a wax_n and_o many_o more_o whereof_o the_o table_n of_o the_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la may_v yield_v we_o many_o instance_n again_o we_o have_v no_o better_a measure_n of_o the_o rarity_n or_o density_n in_o body_n than_o their_o difference_n of_o weight_n quod_fw-la rarum_fw-la leave_n quod_fw-la densum_fw-la grave_n let_v we_o resume_v the_o instance_n give_v supra_fw-la cap._n 6._o wherein_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n be_v at_o least_o 12000_o time_n light_a and_o consequent_o rare_a than_o mercury_n now_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o air_n in_o a_o cubique_a vessel_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a shall_v fill_v but_o 1_o 12000_o of_o that_o space_n and_o the_o rest_n viz._n 11999_o part_n of_o that_o space_n must_v be_v either_o total_o empty_a or_o supply_v with_o another_o kind_n of_o heterogeneous_a subtle_a matter_n differ_v from_o air_n this_o must_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o mole_n aeris_fw-la be_v not_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o that_o cube_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o evident_o against_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v admit_v or_o almost_o conceivable_a by_o any_o that_o due_o think_v of_o it_o water_n be_v subtle_a than_o mercury_n by_o 14_o time_n air_n be_v subtle_a than_o water_n by_o 900_o time_n and_o possible_o the_o aether_n above_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o the_o elementa_fw-la stellarum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o subtle_a than_o common_a air_n of_o our_o low_a atmosphere_n it_o be_v a_o wild_a conceit_n to_o think_v that_o every_o give_v portion_n of_o the_o ethereal_a world_n must_v necessary_o have_v forty_o thousand_o equal_a portion_n either_o of_o vacuity_n or_o of_o subtle_a matter_n more_o refine_v than_o aether_n and_o that_o no_o one_o give_v portion_n of_o ethereal_a matter_n suppose_v a_o cubique_a foot_n can_v be_v exact_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o that_o cubique_a foot_n but_o must_v have_v forty_o thousand_o interspersed_a pore_n either_o whole_o vacant_a or_o fill_v with_o another_o more_o subtle_a matter_n than_o itself_o i_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o be_v equal_o consonant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n that_o a_o more_o rare_a or_o subtle_a body_n may_v be_v and_o be_v equal_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o its_o ubication_n as_o the_o crass_a body_n in_o the_o world_n the_o thing_n i_o drive_v at_o be_v this_o real_a truth_n viz._n that_o a_o body_n though_o never_o so_o rare_a may_v be_v entire_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o external_a superficies_n as_o well_o as_o the_o dense_v or_o crass_a body_n that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v in_o nature_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o same_o body_n if_o it_o have_v at_o several_a time_n several_a texture_n may_v in_o these_o several_a season_n entire_o possess_v space_n answer_v such_o texture_n as_o if_o water_n gain_v the_o texture_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v commensurate_a to_o all_o space_n within_o its_o superficies_n 4._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o although_o some_o particle_n of_o air_n include_v in_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o air_n may_v possible_o be_v more_o subtle_a than_o other_o yet_o as_o to_o point_v of_o extension_n or_o contraction_n all_o the_o part_n thereof_o even_o the_o minute_a part_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o rarity_n and_o tenuity_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o perfect_o homogeneal_a and_o the_o like_a for_o water_n and_o although_o some_o imaginable_a part_n thereof_o may_v be_v rare_a other_o crasser_n yet_o they_o be_v perfect_o mingle_v together_o as_o common_a constituent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n we_o call_v air_n and_o therefore_o to_o suppose_v the_o first_o constituent_a minute_n particle_n of_o air_n or_o water_n be_v hard_o or_o of_o any_o other_o nature_n than_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v a_o precarious_a inevident_a and_o unreasonable_a supposition_n 5._o i_o do_v suppose_v it_o as_o a_o certain_a evident_a truth_n that_o the_o actual_a existence_n of_o part_n or_o particle_n of_o continue_a body_n as_o most_o evident_o water_v and_o air_n be_v be_v but_o only_o potential_o or_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n in_o such_o body_n and_o not_o real_o exist_v as_o part_n or_o as_o divide_v till_o a_o real_a and_o actual_a separation_n of_o they_o with_o integral_a part_n though_o they_o may_v be_v big_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o their_o separation_n yet_o 1._o still_o remain_v body_n 2._o can_v be_v indivisible_a no_o not_o physical_o 3._o be_v of_o the_o very_a same_o nature_n texture_n or_o make_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v cancel_v and_o therefore_o when_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a bulk_n in_o rarefaction_n be_v expanded_a or_o in_o condensation_n be_v contract_v the_o like_a expansion_n and_o contraction_n happen_v in_o proportion_n in_o every_o particle_n thereof_o in_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n whereof_o the_o question_n be_v state_v 6._o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o corporeity_n or_o bodily_a consistence_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o quantity_n or_o trina_fw-la dimensio_fw-la but_o that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o affection_n or_o consequence_n of_o it_o for_o otherwise_o all_o body_n that_o have_v a_o equal_a trina_fw-la dimensio_fw-la must_v needs_o have_v the_o same_o density_n or_o a_o equal_a mass_n of_o matter_n or_o corporeal_a mole_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n for_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o water_n have_v less_o of_o matter_n than_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o mercury_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o disparity_n of_o their_o weight_n the_o best_a indication_n of_o the_o disparity_n of_o the_o mole_n of_o matter_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v i_o now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v my_o thought_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n hold_v myself_o single_o to_o it_o as_o it_o be_v state_v to_o be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o chapter_n and_o principal_o apply_v myself_o to_o those_o body_n that_o be_v most_o pneumatical_a or_o spirital_a i_o say_v not_o spiritual_a it_o seem_v therefore_o to_o i_o that_o as_o several_a body_n of_o the_o same_o external_a extent_n or_o superficies_n as_o suppose_v a_o cubical_a foot_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o gold_n may_v have_v and_o have_v yet_o a_o close_a continuity_n of_o all_o
modern_a aristotle_n that_o great_a priest_n of_o nature_n in_o 4_o physicor_n cap._n 9_o wherein_o he_o answer_v the_o objection_n bring_v by_o other_o to_o prove_v vacuity_n from_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n tell_v we_o that_o rarity_n and_o density_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o by_o accession_n of_o new_a matter_n or_o loss_n of_o any_o of_o the_o old_a but_o from_o the_o potentiality_n of_o matter_n itself_o to_o undergo_v several_a texture_n and_o consequent_o several_a extension_n si_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la ex_fw-la aqua_fw-la eadem_fw-la materia_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la insuper_fw-la alia_fw-la assumpta_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la potentia_fw-la id_fw-la tandem_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la si_fw-la orta_fw-la est_fw-la aqua_fw-la ex_fw-la aere_fw-la eadem_fw-la namque_fw-la materia_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o magnam_fw-la ex_fw-la parva_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o parvam_fw-la ex_fw-la magna_fw-la vertitur_fw-la molem_fw-la etc._n etc._n qua_fw-la re_fw-la ipsa_fw-la moles_n sensibilis_fw-la non_fw-la ideo_fw-la extenditur_fw-la aut_fw-la constringitur_fw-la quia_fw-la materiae_fw-la aliquid_fw-la insuper_fw-la adjicit_fw-la aut_fw-la objicit_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la ipsa_fw-la matery_n utrumque_fw-la subire_fw-la potest_fw-la quo_fw-la sit_fw-la ut_fw-la idem_fw-la sit_fw-la rarum_fw-la &_o densum_fw-la &_o utriusque_fw-la materia_fw-la una_fw-la atqui_fw-la densum_fw-la est_fw-la grave_n rarum_fw-la autem_fw-la leave_n again_o the_o lord_n verulam_n a_o great_a inquisitor_n into_o nature_n and_o not_o very_o friendly_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la after_o several_a instance_n of_o pseudo-rarefactions_a when_o he_o speak_v of_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n by_o heat_n pag._n 43._o tell_v we_o aer_fw-la per_fw-la calorem_fw-la dilatatur_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la separatur_fw-la quippiam_fw-la aut_fw-la emittitur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o tangibilibus_fw-la sed_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la fit_a expansio_fw-la this_o rarefaction_n be_v not_o therefore_o by_o the_o distraction_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n one_o from_o another_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o interpose_v porosity_n or_o interstitia_fw-la either_o of_o perfect_a empty_a space_n as_o the_o vacuist_n will_v have_v it_o or_o fill_v with_o adventitious_a subtle_a matter_n as_o the_o cartesian_o will_v have_v it_o neither_o in_o condensation_n be_v any_o part_n of_o air_n or_o include_v in_o air_n draw_v out_o and_o thereby_o the_o remain_a particle_n render_v into_o a_o close_a order_n and_o contiguity_n one_o to_o another_o but_o in_o the_o former_a the_o extension_n of_o the_o whole_a portion_n of_o air_n and_o of_o every_o particle_n be_v thereof_o quaquaversum_fw-la enlarge_v and_o in_o condensation_n the_o entire_a extension_n of_o the_o air_n and_o every_o part_n thereof_o be_v quaquaversum_fw-la contract_v and_o this_o variation_n be_v no_o other_o but_o a_o common_a affection_n or_o rather_o position_n or_o quantity_n of_o matter_n necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o various_a texture_n that_o it_o successive_o acquire_v and_o therefore_o the_o great_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o this_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o account_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n fall_v to_o just_a nothing_o as_o for_o instance_n 1._o that_o in_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o must_v be_v soft_a to_o the_o touch_n and_o in_o condensation_n hard_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v of_o that_o man_n that_o ever_o know_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la air_n condense_a but_o to_o its_o 100_o the_o part_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v condense_v 900_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o dense_a as_o water_n or_o what_o disproportion_n to_o the_o touch_n he_o can_v find_v between_o smoke_n and_o air_n and_o yet_o the_o former_a be_v far_o more_o dense_a for_o it_o be_v conspicuous_a to_o the_o view_n so_o that_o he_o have_v need_n be_v a_o man_n of_o exquisite_a sense_n to_o make_v any_o conclusion_n from_o his_o touch_n touch_v the_o rarity_n and_o density_n of_o a_o pneumatical_a body_n again_o if_o the_o atomical_a hypothesis_n be_v admit_v it_o be_v not_o conceptible_a but_o that_o all_o body_n whether_o in_o their_o natural_a texture_n or_o under_o the_o motion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n must_v be_v hard_a and_o equal_o hard_a because_o consist_v of_o a_o plenitude_n of_o atom_n which_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v hard_a and_o infrangible_a chap._n x._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o of_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o penetrability_n or_o impenetrability_n of_o body_n material_a substance_n quantity_n extension_n etc._n etc._n the_o principal_a objection_n against_o the_o method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n propound_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o same_o mole_n of_o matter_n can_v assume_v a_o large_a space_n and_o dimension_n as_o in_o rarefaction_n without_o a_o division_n of_o one_o part_n from_o another_o and_o thereby_o leave_v certain_a vacant_a interstitia_fw-la between_o the_o part_n separate_v or_o without_o a_o supposition_n of_o a_o pre-existent_a penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n while_o in_o its_o former_a more_o condense_v consistence_n and_o in_o rarefaction_n thrust_v out_o those_o part_n that_o former_o penetrate_v one_o another_o be_v unfetter_v in_o rarefaction_n or_o by_o admission_n of_o new_a porosity_n make_v in_o the_o rarefy_a matter_n and_o reception_n therein_o of_o other_o foreign_a matter_n again_o condensation_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v without_o supposition_n of_o vacant_a empty_a spatiola_n which_o be_v close_v up_o by_o the_o strict_a coalition_n of_o part_n or_o by_o suppose_v a_o penetrability_n and_o penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n in_o its_o new_a acquire_v state_n of_o condensation_n or_o by_o drive_v out_o from_o that_o portion_n of_o matter_n some_o of_o its_o more_o subtle_a part_n whereby_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v few_o and_o take_v up_o less_o room_n or_o space_n than_o before_o such_o condensation_n the_o first_o be_v the_o first_o way_n propound_v by_o the_o vacuist_n and_o be_v reject_v the_o second_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o way_n propound_v by_o i_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n but_o be_v say_v to_o be_v inconsistent_a in_o nature_n because_o penetrability_n of_o body_n or_o of_o extension_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v reject_v by_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n therefore_o the_o last_o which_o be_v the_o middle_a way_n contend_v against_o in_o the_o 8_o the_o chapter_n must_v be_v the_o true_a method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v lay_v aside_o and_o that_o just_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vacuist_n in_o the_o 7_o the_o chapter_n and_o likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o acquest_n of_o new_a matter_n and_o expulsion_n of_o part_n of_o the_o old_a in_o the_o 8_o the_o chapter_n and_o have_v entertain_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o chapter_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o opinion_n thus_o by_o i_o entertain_v can_v well_o be_v support_v without_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n or_o somewhat_o analogal_a thereunto_o viz._n contraction_n and_o dilatation_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o although_o i_o think_v that_o this_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v a_o great_a truth_n yet_o it_o be_v some_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v it_o which_o nevertheless_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o do_v and_o in_o do_v of_o it_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n will_v evidence_n itself_o and_o i_o shall_v choose_v to_o do_v it_o this_o way_n namely_o by_o explication_n of_o term_n and_o word_n and_o render_v my_o apprehension_n suitable_a to_o those_o explication_n though_o it_o may_v be_v in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o the_o usual_a or_o scholastic_a expression_n 1._o concern_v penetrability_n and_o impenetrability_n 2._o concern_v material_a substance_n 3._o concern_v body_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n 4._o concern_v quantity_n 5._o concern_v rarity_n and_o density_n 6._o concern_v extension_n or_o dimension_n 7._o concern_v penetrability_n how_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o applicable_a to_o the_o former_a subject_n first_o penetrability_n or_o penetration_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o three_o sort_n viz._n 1._o the_o permeation_n or_o penetration_n of_o one_o body_n into_o or_o through_o another_o by_o porosity_n of_o the_o penetrate_v body_n either_o find_v or_o make_v by_o the_o penetrate_a body_n this_o be_v common_a almost_o to_o all_o body_n and_o be_v not_o the_o penetrability_n in_o question_n 2._o the_o separation_n distraction_n or_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o penetrate_v body_n by_o the_o force_n and_o energy_n of_o another_o body_n as_o the_o arrow_n through_o the_o air_n or_o the_o bullet_n through_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n this_o be_v also_o
usual_a and_o be_v not_o the_o penetration_n or_o penetrability_n in_o question_n 3._o when_o one_o part_n or_o particle_n of_o matter_n be_v take_v into_o another_o portion_n of_o matter_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o contraction_n and_o swallow_v up_o and_o drown_v as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o portion_n of_o matter_n by_o a_o strict_a union_n than_o it_o have_v before_o whereby_o the_o same_o numerical_a portion_n of_o matter_n have_v a_o less_o extension_n and_o space_n than_o it_o have_v before_o and_o yet_o continue_v the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n without_o diminution_n or_o increase_n of_o substance_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n and_o this_o penetration_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o when_o two_o distinct_a divide_a body_n or_o portion_n of_o matter_n be_v say_v thus_o to_o penetrate_v each_o other_o 2._o when_o the_o unite_a part_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n do_v penetrate_v and_o swallow_v each_o other_o as_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v do_v in_o condensation_n and_o though_o the_o former_a be_v considerable_a yet_o this_o latter_a be_v that_o kind_n of_o penetration_n touch_v which_o the_o question_n grow_v second_o matter_n or_o material_a substance_n be_v the_o substratum_fw-la of_o body_n and_o although_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o it_o to_o exist_v one_o moment_n without_o a_o determinate_a extent_n and_o determination_n into_o some_o body_n complete_v in_o esse_fw-la corporeo_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a to_o any_o particular_a extension_n or_o bodily_a concrement_n this_o be_v that_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la the_o subject_a of_o all_o generation_n and_o corruption_n yet_o itself_o ingenerable_a and_o incorruptible_a that_o proteus_n which_o in_o various_a succession_n be_v capable_a of_o various_a form_n extension_n and_o variety_n of_o body_n as_o we_o see_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n throw_v into_o the_o fire_n that_o same_o material_a substance_n which_o but_o now_o be_v wood_n assume_v several_a nature_n and_o extension_n some_o more_o fix_v than_o the_o wood_n as_o its_o salt_n some_o more_o lax_n as_o ash_n and_o smoke_n and_o according_o undergo_v variety_n of_o extension_n different_a from_o what_o the_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o matter_n have_v before_o the_o very_a same_o individual_a suppose_a portion_n of_o matter_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v determine_v into_o air_n water_n or_o some_o other_o body_n and_o if_o determine_v into_o water_n it_o may_v be_v the_o suppose_a portion_n of_o matter_n will_v make_v up_o a_o cubical_a body_n of_o a_o inch_n square_a but_o if_o determine_v into_o air_n it_o will_v make_v a_o cubical_a body_n of_o above_o 1000_o time_n that_o extension_n and_o yet_o the_o individual_a portion_n of_o matter_n simple_o the_o same_o and_o neither_o more_o nor_o less_o under_o those_o different_a texture_n and_o extension_n for_o material_a substance_n be_v natural_o susceptive_a successive_o of_o various_a texture_n and_o consistence_n from_o whence_o do_v necessary_o result_v successive_o various_a extent_n or_o diminution_n of_o that_o one_o individual_a particle_n of_o matter_n under_o those_o various_a consistence_n three_o body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o matter_n determine_v into_o a_o body_n of_o this_o or_o that_o nature_n figure_n texture_n plexus_fw-la quality_n and_o dimension_n these_o be_v superaddition_n to_o matter_n and_o be_v add_v to_o it_o determine_v it_o into_o body_n and_o when_o this_o body_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n assume_v another_o distinct_a consistence_n then_o be_v that_o body_n either_o essential_o change_v into_o another_o kind_n of_o body_n or_o else_o accidental_o alter_v in_o figure_n dimension_n texture_n or_o otherwise_o and_o yet_o the_o matter_n continue_v entire_o the_o same_o as_o in_o some_o body_n the_o very_a same_o cubique_a inch_n of_o bees-wax_n may_v be_v mould_v into_o a_o globe_n a_o cone_n a_o trigone_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o continue_v the_o same_o numerical_a and_o individual_a piece_n of_o wax_n four_o quantity_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o use_v this_o word_n according_a to_o my_o own_o sense_n abstract_v from_o other_o acceptation_n i_o call_v therefore_o quantity_n that_o habitude_n whereby_o a_o material_a substance_n under_o any_o determination_n be_v denominate_v more_o or_o less_o and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o proper_a inseparable_a accident_n if_o we_o will_v call_v it_o so_o of_o material_a substance_n and_o intrinsic_a to_o it_o and_o real_o differ_v from_o extension_n or_o dimension_n for_o instance_n a_o cubique_a inch_n of_o water_n be_v rarefy_v into_o 1000_o cubique_a inch_n of_o air_n or_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o air_n be_v by_o heat_n rarify_v into_o five_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o air_n here_o be_v variety_n of_o extension_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o the_o cubique_fw-la inch_n of_o water_n and_o in_o the_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o air_n as_o be_v after_o rarefaction_n in_o the_o 1000_o cubique_fw-la inch_n of_o air_n and_o 5_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o air_n quantity_n be_v close_o knit_v to_o material_a substance_n but_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a extension_n variable_a though_o the_o quantity_n i._n e._n the_o mole_n the_o muchness_n of_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o and_o herein_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o differ_v from_o extension_n that_o extension_n be_v measure_v by_o artificial_a measure_n of_o inch_n palm_n foot_n cubit_n but_o quantity_n in_o my_o acceptation_n be_v measure_v by_o weight_n which_o give_v the_o discrimination_n of_o quantity_n or_o muchness_n of_o matter_n where_o it_o may_v be_v the_o extent_n be_v equal_a as_o a_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o mercury_n but_o there_o be_v 14_o time_n more_o weight_n and_o consequent_o more_o matter_n and_o material_a quantity_n in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a five_o density_n and_o rarity_n be_v various_a quality_n both_o of_o body_n and_o material_a substance_n and_o they_o be_v equal_o susceptive_a of_o those_o quality_n as_o they_o be_v of_o colour_n figure_n variety_n of_o texture_n or_o the_o like_a namely_o in_o successive_a portion_n of_o time_n or_o duration_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v infallible_o true_a that_o the_o same_o material_a substance_n that_o be_v now_o actual_o rare_a be_v potential_o dense_a or_o that_o which_o now_o be_v actual_o dense_a be_v potential_o rare_a without_o any_o admission_n of_o new_a substance_n or_o deperdition_n of_o any_o of_o the_o old_a and_o as_o several_a portion_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v susceptive_a of_o or_o actual_o under_o several_a degree_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n as_o gold_n iron_n wax_n water_n air_n so_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o material_a substance_n may_v in_o successive_a portion_n of_o time_n be_v susceptive_a of_o several_a degree_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n for_o as_o i_o say_v they_o be_v but_o several_a quality_n or_o if_o you_o will_v mode_n of_o matter_n the_o motion_n to_o rarity_n or_o density_n be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o call_v rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n and_o though_o matter_n or_o body_n be_v susceptive_a of_o it_o some_o more_o easy_o some_o more_o difficult_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o extrinsical_a agent_n as_o fire_n tension_n constipation_n compression_n the_o method_n whereby_o the_o alteration_n from_o rarity_n to_o density_n or_o to_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o density_n and_o e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la be_v effect_v be_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n so_o rarefy_v or_o condense_v into_o a_o more_o dilate_v or_o contract_a consistence_n and_o this_o alteration_n be_v sometime_o so_o great_a that_o it_o alter_v the_o very_a nature_n or_o species_n of_o the_o body_n as_o when_o air_n be_v condense_v into_o water_n or_o water_n into_o air_n sometime_o it_o only_o alter_v the_o texture_n without_o alter_v the_o nature_n as_o when_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n in_o wind-gun_n or_o dilate_v by_o heat_n in_o aeolipile_n it_o remain_v air_n still_o though_o under_o differ_v texture_n from_o what_o it_o have_v before_o the_o effect_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v neither_o increase_n nor_o diminution_n of_o the_o substance_n thus_o condense_v or_o rarefy_v nor_o of_o its_o quantity_n or_o muchness_n if_o a_o cubique_fw-la inch_n of_o brass_n be_v condense_v into_o gold_n indeed_o the_o mole_n will_v be_v less_o in_o extent_n but_o there_o will_v be_v the_o very_a same_o individual_a portion_n of_o material_a substance_n in_o both_o and_o the_o very_a same_o weight_n that_o the_o cubique_fw-la inch_n of_o brass_n have_v will_v the_o portion_n of_o gold_n have_v upon_o such_o a_o condensation_n for_o weight_n and_o not_o extent_n be_v the_o best_a measure_n of_o equality_n or_o disparity_n of_o material_a substance_n but_o indeed_o
as_o to_o extension_n the_o measure_n will_v differ_v the_o same_o mole_n of_o matter_n condense_v may_v not_o take_v up_o half_a the_o extent_n it_o do_v before_o and_o be_v rarefy_v may_v take_v up_o ten_o time_n its_o extension_n or_o dimension_n six_o dimension_n or_o extension_n though_o as_o quantity_n import_v much_o or_o little_a it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o notion_n of_o material_a substance_n yet_o actual_a extension_n in_o this_o or_o that_o determinate_a measure_n or_o degree_n be_v but_o pure_o accidental_a to_o material_a substance_n for_o it_o may_v have_v one_o extension_n one_o hour_n and_o the_o next_o hour_n have_v another_o as_o its_o texture_n be_v alter_v for_o variety_n of_o extension_n be_v consequential_a and_o necessary_o consequential_a upon_o alteration_n of_o texture_n there_o be_v certain_a distinction_n to_o be_v observe_v touch_v extension_n viz._n 1._o a_o actual_a and_o a_o habitual_a aptitudinary_a and_o potential_a extension_n although_o the_o facto_fw-la every_o portion_n of_o matter_n be_v under_o some_o actual_a extension_n yet_o as_o i_o say_v this_o or_o that_o actual_a extension_n be_v not_o intrinsical_v or_o essential_a to_o matter_n for_o as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o variation_n of_o its_o texture_n so_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o change_n variation_n and_o alteration_n of_o its_o dimension_n but_o that_o habitual_a aptitudinary_a and_o potential_a extension_n whereby_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v at_o some_o time_n or_o moment_n under_o some_o determinate_a extension_n or_o other_o be_v intrinsic_a to_o it_o though_o it_o be_v successive_o alterable_a as_o its_o texture_n be_v alterable_a again_o 2._o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o extension_n in_o the_o superficial_a and_o external_a dimension_n and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a portion_n of_o matter_n the_o former_a may_v be_v without_o the_o true_a and_o real_a increase_n of_o extent_n or_o dimension_n for_o possible_o by_o the_o distraction_n and_o separation_n of_o the_o more_o interior_a part_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o production_n thereby_o of_o porosity_n the_o external_a superficial_a extent_n may_v be_v enlarge_v and_o yet_o the_o whole_a extent_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o only_o with_o a_o diversify_v ubication_n of_o the_o more_o interior_a part_n of_o matter_n but_o that_o extension_n which_o be_v intend_v by_o i_o in_o rarefaction_n be_v a_o entire_a extension_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o all_o its_o part_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o true_a and_o adequate_a extension_n and_o that_o contraction_n or_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n to_o condensation_n be_v the_o contraction_n of_o the_o whole_a triple_a dimension_n length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o every_o part_n yet_o retain_v the_o same_o quantity_n or_o muchness_n of_o substance_n and_o as_o i_o have_v show_v that_o in_o several_a portion_n of_o material_a substance_n it_o be_v not_o only_o consistent_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o evident_o true_a in_o fact_n that_o a_o portion_n of_o rarefy_a matter_n suppose_v it_o air_n may_v be_v and_o be_v co-extended_n to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o matter_n and_o fill_v they_o as_o entire_o as_o a_o most_o dense_a body_n or_o portion_n of_o matter_n fill_v all_o the_o space_n within_o its_o superficial_a dimension_n as_o suppose_v it_o water_n or_o even_o mercury_n or_o gold_n itself_o so_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o compact_a matter_n suppose_v it_o water_n or_o mercury_n be_v rarefy_v into_o a_o more_o dilate_a and_o expanded_a consistence_n as_o into_o air_n or_o fume_n may_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o account_n fill_v all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o dilate_a extension_n without_o any_o hiatus_fw-la or_o interstitia_fw-la of_o empty_a space_n or_o the_o acquest_n of_o any_o additional_a matter_n because_o the_o texture_n of_o that_o portion_n of_o matter_n be_v only_o change_v and_o a_o great_a extension_n or_o dimension_n be_v necessary_o consequential_a upon_o or_o concomitant_a with_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o that_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o matter_n to_o a_o great_a expansion_n in_o rarefaction_n seven_o the_o contraction_n or_o evolution_n and_o expansion_n of_o a_o spirit_n or_o spiritual_a substance_n which_o be_v common_o call_v penetration_n be_v incident_a to_o spirit_n and_o spiritual_a substance_n that_o be_v void_a of_o matter_n but_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o impeach_n that_o natural_a penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v for_o they_o differ_v toto_fw-la coelo_fw-la one_o from_o another_o 1._o in_o the_o principle_n of_o each_o penetration_n in_o material_a substance_n it_o always_o or_o at_o least_o common_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_a efficient_a or_o force_n as_o in_o contraction_n or_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n by_o compression_n or_o by_o constipation_n from_o without_o but_o the_o penetration_n or_o contraction_n or_o dilatation_n of_o a_o spiritual_a substance_n be_v from_o a_o internal_a principle_n possible_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o will_n of_o such_o a_o spirit_n to_o contraction_n or_o evolution_n 2._o in_o the_o consequent_a or_o rather_o concomitant_a of_o such_o penetration_n or_o expansion_n in_o material_a substance_n upon_o contraction_n or_o penetration_n the_o matter_n be_v necessary_o thereupon_o more_o dense_a and_o in_o evolution_n or_o expansion_n more_o rare_a for_o it_o can_v be_v one_o or_o other_o without_o the_o acquest_n of_o a_o new_a texture_n of_o its_o part_n viz._n more_o lax_n in_o rarefaction_n more_o close_a and_o compact_a in_o condensation_n but_o in_o the_o contraction_n or_o evolution_n of_o a_o spirit_n there_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o texture_n or_o rarity_n or_o density_n of_o a_o spiritual_a substance_n for_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v quality_n and_o affection_n compatible_a only_o to_o body_n and_o material_a substance_n not_o to_o spirit_n or_o substance_n pure_o immaterial_a therefore_o i_o do_v dismiss_v the_o penetrability_n of_o spirit_n as_o a_o thing_n whole_o unapplicable_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n and_o no_o way_n applicable_a to_o the_o argument_n in_o hand_n eight_o now_o to_o apply_v the_o business_n of_o penetrability_n or_o impenetrability_n to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o deliver_v first_o in_o case_n of_o several_a body_n that_o be_v under_o several_a actual_a dimension_n and_o not_o unite_v one_o to_o another_o by_o continuation_n this_o concern_v not_o the_o present_a question_n which_o be_v touch_v one_o common_a portion_n of_o matter_n who_o part_n be_v unite_v one_o to_o another_o and_o so_o in_o a_o state_n of_o union_n yet_o whether_o that_o a_o body_n may_v not_o be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o rectify_a purity_n and_o tenuity_n that_o it_o may_v penetrate_v the_o dimension_n of_o a_o grosser_n body_n without_o porosity_n for_o its_o transition_n either_o find_v or_o make_v in_o that_o penetrate_v body_n may_v be_v difficult_a to_o determine_v because_o we_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o subtlety_n of_o body_n and_o consequent_o of_o those_o energy_n that_o be_v consequential_a thereupon_o only_o if_o light_n be_v a_o body_n or_o if_o the_o magnetical_a effusion_n be_v corporeal_a efflux_n as_o some_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n assert_v it_o seem_v to_o favour_v such_o a_o penetrability_n of_o such_o subtle_a body_n for_o light_n will_v pervade_v every_o part_n of_o the_o diaphanum_fw-la and_o magnetical_a efflux_n will_v pervade_v the_o solid_a body_n even_o gold_n itself_o as_o experience_n show_v we_o without_o make_v porosity_n for_o its_o transition_n but_o i_o dismiss_v this_o as_o not_o to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n and_o possible_o the_o supposition_n that_o light_n or_o magnetical_a efflux_n be_v body_n be_v untrue_a second_o as_o to_o portion_n of_o matter_n body_n and_o extension_n thereof_o where_o its_o part_n be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a continuity_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o proper_a rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n it_o seem_v that_o such_o a_o penetration_n of_o actual_a dimension_n or_o of_o body_n determine_v in_o or_o under_o actual_a dimension_n such_o a_o penetration_n either_o of_o body_n or_o actual_a dimension_n or_o extension_n be_v impossible_a and_o contradictory_n in_o itself_o so_o long_o as_o such_o actual_a dimension_n continue_v unaltered_a by_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o such_o body_n and_o consequential_o of_o such_o actual_a dimension_n for_o a_o cubique_fw-la body_n of_o 12_o inch_n can_v be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o extension_n than_o it_o be_v so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cubique_fw-la body_n of_o 12_o inch_n this_o be_v that_o penetration_n of_o body_n and_o dimension_n that_o we_o do_v reject_v under_o that_o name_n three_o but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v successive_o capable_a of_o several_a texture_n and_o consequent_o of_o several_a dimension_n there_o
be_v nothing_o in_o nature_n or_o reason_n that_o prohibit_v a_o successive_a penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n under_o such_o a_o mutation_n of_o texture_n and_o actual_a dimension_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o very_a same_o numerical_a portion_n of_o matter_n that_o this_o moment_n be_v under_o a_o texture_n accommodate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o most_o subtle_a air_n be_v condense_v into_o a_o degree_n of_o air_n less_o subtle_a or_o condense_v into_o water_n its_o part_n will_v be_v constipate_v and_o contract_v into_o a_o close_a posture_n and_o take_v up_o less_o space_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o its_o condensation_n which_o contraction_n or_o constipation_n of_o its_o part_n may_v not_o improper_o be_v call_v penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n but_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o penetration_n of_o body_n or_o extension_n actual_o determine_v and_o remain_v unaltered_a in_o its_o texture_n and_o this_o give_v the_o difference_n between_o 1._o penetration_n of_o actual_a dimension_n and_o 2._o penetration_n of_o body_n 3._o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n the_o two_o former_a be_v impossible_a without_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o dimension_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n the_o three_o be_v not_o only_o possible_a but_o necessary_a and_o necessary_o consequential_a upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n into_o a_o more_o rare_a or_o dense_a consistency_n and_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n hereof_o be_v because_o the_o same_o numerical_a portion_n of_o substance_n material_a in_o a_o state_n of_o rarity_n be_v as_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o external_a superficies_n and_o have_v as_o perfect_a and_o undivided_a continuation_n of_o its_o part_n one_o to_o another_o as_o when_o it_o be_v condense_v into_o a_o consistence_n that_o bear_v not_o the_o 100_o the_o part_n or_o 1000_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficial_a dimension_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o conceive_v but_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o air_n and_o aether_n for_o one_o portion_n of_o material_a substance_n there_o must_v be_v 1000_o portion_n of_o empty_a space_n or_o nothing_o which_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o this_o sentiment_n though_o not_o wary_o enough_o examine_v and_o consider_v by_o some_o philosophical_a head_n have_v make_v they_o run_v on_o with_o one_o common_a cry_n against_o all_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n under_o the_o name_n of_o penetration_n of_o body_n and_o extension_n as_o a_o great_a absurdity_n but_o of_o latter_a time_n some_o more_o considerate_a and_o inquisitive_a person_n have_v search_v more_o free_o and_o impartial_o into_o this_o business_n and_o though_o they_o do_v reject_v that_o impossible_a and_o contradictory_n penetration_n of_o body_n and_o actual_a extension_n or_o dimension_n remain_v unaltered_a in_o the_o sense_n before_o give_v yet_o do_v not_o only_o allow_v as_o possible_a but_o also_o assert_v as_o natural_a and_o necessary_a penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o individual_a portion_n of_o material_a substance_n consist_v in_o a_o state_n of_o union_n and_o under_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n and_o consequent_o a_o change_n of_o extension_n as_o any_o man_n may_v see_v in_o the_o learned_a treatise_n of_o body_n of_o sir_n k._n digby_n pag._n the_o large_a dispute_n of_o guarinus_fw-la guarini_n disputatione_n 4to_fw-mi expensione_n 2._o de_fw-fr rarefactione_fw-la &_o condensatione_fw-la and_o our_o learned_a countryman_n dr._n glisson_n in_o his_o tractate_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la substantiae_fw-la energetica_fw-la cap._n 27_o 28._o wherein_o among_o other_o clear_a explication_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n he_o have_v these_o passage_n namely_o the_o prejudice_n that_o man_n have_v take_v up_o against_o penetrability_n of_o matter_n be_v quod_fw-la ab_fw-la incunte_n aetate_fw-la consuevimus_fw-la cogitare_fw-la &_o dicere_fw-la non_fw-la dari_fw-la penetrationem_fw-la corporum_fw-la aut_fw-la dimensionum_fw-la quodque_fw-la simul_fw-la pro_fw-la concesso_fw-la habuimus_fw-la penetrationem_fw-la corporum_fw-la &_o substantiarum_fw-la idem_fw-la sonare_fw-la again_o impossibile_fw-it est_fw-la ut_fw-la manente_fw-la eadem_fw-la extensione_n mutetur_fw-la densitas_fw-la aut_fw-la ut_fw-la hac_fw-la mutata_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la mutetur_fw-la mutata_fw-la dimensione_n ut_fw-la in_o condensatione_fw-la materia_fw-la part_n aliquas_fw-la svi_fw-la quasi_fw-la absorbet_fw-la in_o seipsam_fw-la and_o again_o sola_fw-la terminata_fw-la extensio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la materiam_fw-la durante_fw-la eadem_fw-la terminatione_fw-la &_o non_fw-la diutius_fw-la impenetrabilem_fw-la prâ—stat_fw-la neither_o be_v this_o any_o novel_a doctrine_n but_o the_o very_a natural_a sense_n of_o aristotle_n in_o 4_o to_o physicorum_n cap._n 9_o before_o cite_a and_o those_o expression_n of_o the_o potentiality_n of_o the_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o matter_n to_o become_v rare_a or_o dense_a and_o thereby_o the_o extension_n alter_v without_o any_o diminution_n of_o its_o matter_n in_o condensation_n or_o acquisition_n of_o new_a matter_n in_o rarefaction_n though_o it_o mention_v not_o penetrability_n in_o express_a word_n yet_o assert_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v above_o declare_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n therefore_o it_o seem_v 1._o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o a_o supposition_n of_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n on_o condensation_n neither_o be_v it_o indeed_o possible_a where_o the_o dimension_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o will_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o contradiction_n and_o 2._o consequent_o where_o the_o dimension_n continue_v the_o same_o without_o alteration_n it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n or_o material_a substance_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o actual_a dimension_n unaltered_a 3._o but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possibility_n of_o the_o change_n of_o extension_n but_o the_o same_o will_v necessary_o follow_v upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n or_o matter_n under_o such_o extension_n and_o 4._o consequent_o the_o extension_n there_o remain_v not_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v and_o 5._o under_o such_o a_o change_n of_o dimension_n or_o extension_n or_o together_o with_o it_o there_o may_v be_v and_o will_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v call_v a_o penetration_n of_o matter_n or_o material_a substance_n for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o impediment_n thereof_o namely_o the_o actual_a extension_n or_o dimension_n be_v not_o only_o changeable_a but_o now_o change_v and_o 6._o therefore_o it_o seem_v no_o absurdity_n in_o nature_n or_o reason_n to_o suppose_v such_o a_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n in_o the_o case_n of_o condensation_n and_o be_v the_o most_o reasonable_a solution_n of_o it_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o seem_v probable_a to_o i_o touch_v this_o dark_a and_o intricate_a enquiry_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v be_v the_o long_o in_o it_o because_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v and_o because_o in_o the_o ensue_a remark_n it_o be_v often_o urge_v against_o the_o solution_n offer_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n and_o i_o shall_v remit_v the_o answer_n of_o the_o remark_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o this_o preliminary_a discourse_n which_o though_o possible_o it_o may_v not_o satisfy_v every_o reader_n yet_o it_o will_v at_o least_o render_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o objection_n make_v upon_o these_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a supposition_n of_o impenetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v not_o so_o effectual_a nor_o indeed_o proper_a to_o evince_v or_o prove_v unless_o we_o have_v a_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o affection_n of_o body_n than_o we_o have_v yet_o attain_v and_o therefore_o objection_n make_v from_o this_o topique_n lose_v their_o use_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o obscure_a than_o the_o very_a thing_n contend_v about_o and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remark_n themselves_o remark_n upon_o the_o essay_n touch_v gravitation_n of_o fluids_n remark_n i._o upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o remark_n fierce_o and_o in_o the_o first_o greeting_n charge_v the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o essay_n with_o contradiction_n in_o that_o in_o some_o place_n thereof_o it_o be_v say_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o heavy_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n and_o yet_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o gravitation_n be_v but_o nisus_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v that_o body_n that_o have_v a_o nisus_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la verticalem_fw-la do_v gravitate_fw-la upward_o which_o the_o remarker_n think_v to_o have_v be_v more_o proper_o express_v by_o levitation_n and_o to_o call_v it_o gravitation_n be_v repugnant_a and_o contradictory_n to_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o gravity_n but_o to_o avoid_v a_o frivolous_a contention_n of_o word_n it_o may_v have_v be_v fair_o and_o
easy_o observe_v that_o in_o truth_n all_o kind_n of_o gravitation_n be_v but_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la but_o in_o that_o conatus_fw-la or_o nisus_n ad_fw-la motum_fw-la we_o be_v necessary_o to_o consider_v two_o thing_n 1._o the_o principium_fw-la motivum_fw-la 2._o the_o terminus_n motus_fw-la or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la the_o principium_fw-la motivum_fw-la may_v be_v various_a and_o tend_v to_o various_a termination_n it_o may_v be_v extrinsical_a and_o accidental_a as_o when_o i_o throw_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v thereby_o cause_v upward_o and_o raise_v its_o superficies_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o be_v not_o altogether_o improper_o call_v gravitation_n upward_o come_v from_o a_o external_a force_n again_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la may_v be_v intrinsic_a and_o from_o that_o intrinsic_a principle_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la downward_o which_o i_o call_v the_o intrinsic_a quality_n of_o gravity_n this_o intrinsic_a quality_n govern_v and_o incline_v the_o motion_n and_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la to_o a_o central_a termination_n when_o it_o have_v no_o collateral_a impediment_n any_o man_n with_o half_a a_o eye_n may_v see_v here_o be_v a_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la of_o the_o heavy_a body_n to_o a_o central_a motion_n which_o be_v its_o gravitation_n and_o yet_o the_o principle_n that_o impress_v this_o kind_n of_o termination_n of_o its_o motion_n be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v and_o call_v true_o the_o quality_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o heavy_a body_n in_o the_o very_a instance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n we_o may_v observe_v both_o these_o gravitation_n or_o motion_n the_o water_n press_v downward_o from_o its_o intrinsical_a principle_n or_o quality_n of_o gravity_n and_o thereby_o undermine_v and_o get_v below_o the_o rundle_n and_o then_o by_o a_o relative_a occasional_a or_o accidental_a motion_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n it_o press_v upward_o and_o drive_v up_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n with_o a_o force_n and_o kind_n of_o gravitation_n or_o motion_n upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o water_n have_v these_o various_a termination_n one_o downward_o from_o its_o own_o intrinsic_a quality_n of_o gravity_n though_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o be_v suspend_v till_o it_o find_v a_o light_a body_n within_o its_o dimension_n to_o exert_v it_o the_o other_o upward_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n which_o by_o circumpulsion_n it_o drive_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o kind_a consequence_n that_o i_o hold_v there_o be_v nothing_o but_o mobility_n in_o body_n and_o that_o i_o use_v the_o phrase_n of_o gravity_n according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a acceptation_n and_o as_o idolum_fw-la fori_fw-la or_o that_o the_o actual_a descent_n of_o water_n or_o other_o heavy_a body_n be_v from_o a_o distinct_a be_v as_o be_v infer_v in_o the_o first_o second_o and_o six_o section_n of_o that_o chapter_n be_v but_o mistake_v collection_n and_o have_v no_o concession_n from_o i_o or_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v therein_o assert_v nor_o be_v at_o all_o true_a as_o i_o think_v as_o to_o the_o 4_o the_o and_o 5_o the_o illation_n in_o that_o remark_n where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o water_n have_v no_o nisus_n ad_fw-la motum_fw-la upward_o into_o the_o tube_n immerse_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o low_a end_n till_o open_v that_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o enquiry_n will_v appear_v not_o to_o be_v altogether_o true_a but_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o true_a yet_o it_o impugn_v not_o what_o be_v above_o by_o i_o deliver_v for_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v up_o into_o the_o tube_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n upon_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n fill_v only_o with_o air_n and_o so_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o accidental_a position_n and_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o ascend_a water_n meet_v with_o a_o element_n in_o the_o tube_n light_a than_o the_o water_n we_o see_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n a_o weight_n of_o two_o pound_n in_o one_o scale_n make_v the_o weight_n of_o one_o pound_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n to_o ascend_v though_o both_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o this_o by_o mechanic_n and_o statique_a principle_n so_o in_o the_o siphon_n a_o b_o water_n pour_v into_o the_o leg_n a_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n upon_o necessary_a statique_a ground_n without_o call_v in_o any_o subsidiary_a spirit_n of_o nature_n to_o effect_v the_o ascent_n for_o rhe_n siphon_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o natural_a libra_n and_o so_o when_o the_o tube_n stop_v with_o the_o finger_n beneath_o be_v immerse_v into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n and_o then_o open_v the_o circumjacent_a water_n be_v both_o fluid_a and_o heavy_a be_v drive_v up_o into_o the_o vacant_a tube_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o due_a equipondium_fw-la and_o all_o this_o be_v most_o regular_o and_o necessary_o effect_v according_a to_o the_o common_a mechanism_n of_o statique_a principle_n without_o any_o help_n from_o the_o suppose_a spirit_n of_o nature_n to_o fetch_v out_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n or_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o accidental_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n vertical_o upward_a which_o yet_o consist_v with_o its_o intrinsical_a principle_n or_o quality_n which_o i_o call_v gravity_n or_o conatus_fw-la to_o a_o central_a motion_n for_o instance_n 1._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o by_o cast_v into_o it_o a_o heavy_a body_n which_o take_v up_o some_o of_o its_o room_n as_o throw_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n 2._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o by_o attraction_n as_o in_o pump_n and_o syringe_n 3._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o when_o within_o its_o own_o dimension_n it_o meet_v with_o a_o light_a body_n than_o itself_o as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o tube_n of_o air_n immerse_v and_o then_o unstop_v at_o the_o bottom_n or_o where_o a_o rundle_n of_o light_a wood_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o it_o be_v apparent_a the_o water_n raise_v it_o and_o cast_v it_o to_o the_o superficies_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o force_n so_o that_o it_o will_v leap_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o come_v thither_o but_o these_o accidental_a vertical_a motion_n do_v not_o at_o all_o take_v away_o the_o intrinsic_a principle_n of_o its_o gravity_n but_o consist_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o gravitation_n be_v but_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la be_v the_o motion_n lateral_a or_o vertical_a or_o central_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o say_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n in_o heavy_a body_n that_o specificate_v and_o determine_v their_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la to_o be_v central_a or_o perpendicular_a remark_n ii_o descent_n of_o body_n this_o remark_n will_v sure_o have_v have_v be_v spare_v if_o the_o author_n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v the_o next_o page_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o water_n pour_v through_o the_o air_n have_v a_o direct_a central_a direction_n and_o gravitation_n pag._n 14._o of_o the_o essay_n remark_n iii_o touch_v the_o gravitation_n of_o part_n of_o solid_a body_n one_o upon_o another_o that_o every_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n have_v its_o common_a quality_n of_o heaviness_n and_o will_v in_o a_o state_n of_o separation_n descend_v and_o that_o every_o part_n contribute_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o where_o question_v only_o when_o the_o body_n be_v in_o continuity_n and_o of_o a_o equal_a consistence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o suspension_n of_o actual_a gravitation_n of_o one_o part_n upon_o another_o be_v that_o which_o be_v affirm_v but_o where_o they_o be_v of_o different_a consistency_n there_o many_o time_n happen_v actual_a and_o sensible_a gravitation_n of_o one_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n upon_o another_o this_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o nugae_fw-la pag._n 1._o and_o have_v it_o be_v observe_v the_o remark_n i_o suppose_v will_v have_v be_v spare_v remark_n iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n for_o the_o render_v my_o thought_n more_o intelligible_a touch_v gravitation_n of_o fluids_n and_o to_o make_v my_o approach_n to_o it_o the_o more_o easy_a and_o fair_a i_o give_v in_o that_o chapter_n instance_n of_o solute_a solid_a body_n and_o how_o the_o pressure_n of_o their_o part_n be_v refract_v i_o
body_n natural_o to_o a_o central_a direction_n though_o it_o may_v be_v some_o time_n accidental_o impede_v and_o ordinary_o impede_v by_o the_o fluidity_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n remark_n xii_o xvi_o xviii_o that_o the_o part_n of_o water_n when_o in_o conjunction_n one_o with_o another_o be_v only_o contiguous_a i_o do_v admit_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n but_o i_o no_o where_o admit_v it_o by_o way_n of_o concession_n for_o if_o i_o shall_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v grant_v that_o which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n true_a i_o only_o therefore_o in_o that_o place_n argue_v that_o be_v the_o part_n of_o water_n solute_a and_o only_o contiguous_a yet_o even_o there_o the_o actual_a gravitation_n of_o they_o will_v be_v suspend_v as_o well_o as_o in_o sand._n and_o because_o the_o business_n of_o continuity_n and_o contiguity_n often_o occur_v in_o the_o remark_n and_o great_a endeavour_n be_v therein_o use_v to_o prove_v the_o particle_n of_o water_n and_o air_n only_o contiguous_a i_o shall_v here_o once_o for_o all_o make_v some_o observation_n touch_v continuity_n and_o contiguity_n that_o i_o may_v avoid_v repetition_n we_o learn_v both_o from_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a philosophy_n that_o contigua_fw-la sunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la ultima_fw-la sunt_fw-la simul_fw-la in_o situ_fw-la &_o non_fw-la est_fw-la possibile_fw-la quod_fw-la inter_fw-la ea_fw-la cadat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la habet_fw-la situm_fw-la continuum_fw-la autem_fw-la illud_fw-la cujus_fw-la natura_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n ejus_fw-la reperitur_fw-la unus_fw-la terminus_fw-la communis_fw-la or_o quorum_fw-la ultima_fw-la sunt_fw-la unum_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la which_o be_v a_o little_o clear_a explain_v by_o the_o modern_n that_o continua_fw-la sunt_fw-la quando_fw-la ex_fw-la pluribus_fw-la quantis_fw-la fiat_fw-la unum_fw-la totum_fw-la nulla_fw-la sensibili_fw-la commissura_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n remanente_fw-la or_o implicatio_fw-la &_o incorporatio_fw-la partium_fw-la unitarum_fw-la so_o that_o they_o as_o it_o be_v run_v one_o into_o another_o without_o any_o sensible_a discrimination_n of_o their_o mole_n or_o situs_fw-la although_o in_o grosser_n body_n there_o be_v more_o require_v than_o contiguity_n to_o make_v they_o continuous_a yet_o in_o liquids_n especial_o perfect_o homogeneal_a as_o water_n and_o water_n air_n and_o air_n mercury_n and_o mercury_n there_o arise_v a_o continuity_n of_o part_n mere_o upon_o their_o contiguity_n or_o contingency_n for_o thereupon_o they_o present_o incorporate_v implicate_v and_o mingle_v so_o one_o with_o another_o that_o there_o remain_v no_o possible_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n unite_v one_o drop_n of_o water_n touch_v another_o one_o portion_n of_o air_n touch_v another_o one_o little_a globule_n of_o mercury_n touch_v another_o become_v perfect_o continue_v body_n without_o more_o ado_n though_o they_o be_v before_o divide_v by_o their_o distance_n and_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n this_o be_v apparent_a to_o our_o very_a sense_n that_o these_o be_v undistinguishable_o unite_v incorporate_a and_o implicate_v one_o in_o another_o by_o their_o very_a contact_n as_o close_o though_o not_o so_o firm_o as_o lead_v iron_n or_o gold_n after_o hammer_v or_o fusion_n in_o all_o body_n that_o be_v in_o continuity_n as_o there_o be_v a_o unity_n of_o existence_n so_o ordinary_o though_o not_o always_o follow_v a_o unity_n of_o motion_n it_o do_v not_o always_o follow_v because_o there_o may_v intervene_v something_o that_o may_v disorder_v or_o break_v it_o but_o in_o thing_n bare_o contiguous_a as_o they_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o unite_v so_o regular_o ad_fw-la motum_fw-la unius_fw-la non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la motus_fw-la alterius_fw-la unless_o unite_v by_o alligation_n as_o in_o chain_n of_o several_a link_n by_o some_o other_o accidental_a intervention_n as_o in_o the_o cohesion_n of_o distinct_a contiguous_a body_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o vacuity_n as_o in_o polish_a marble_n etc._n etc._n and_o herein_o we_o may_v easy_o observe_v the_o continuity_n of_o water_n take_v a_o siphon_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n stop_v both_o leg_n with_o your_o finger_n till_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v immerse_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o water_n will_v be_v entire_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la of_o continue_a water_n ascend_v and_o descend_v from_o the_o first_o immersion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o nugae_fw-la but_o fill_v the_o siphon_n with_o the_o fine_a powder_n or_o sand_n that_o traction_n will_v never_o follow_v upon_o its_o immersion_n into_o a_o vessel_n of_o the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a sand_n or_o powder_n for_o in_o the_o former_a there_o be_v a_o traction_n by_o the_o continue_a body_n of_o water_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a the_o particle_n be_v solute_a and_o only_o contiguous_a and_o will_v not_o cohere_v but_o give_v we_o the_o proverb_n of_o a_o rope_n of_o sand._n and_o what_o be_v here_o observe_v touch_v the_o continuity_n of_o water_n and_o the_o traction_n wrought_v in_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o continuity_n be_v observable_a touch_v the_o air_n and_o the_o traction_n wrought_v by_o its_o filament_n as_o appear_v most_o evident_o in_o the_o magdeburg_n hemisphere_n in_o the_o 18_o chapter_n of_o the_o difficiles_fw-la nugae_fw-la and_o in_o the_o raise_n and_o hold_v up_o of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_a tube_n or_o glass_n describe_v in_o the_o 16_o chapter_n which_o can_v never_o be_v effect_v do_v the_o air_n consist_v only_o of_o contiguous_a and_o solute_a particle_n unless_o we_o shall_v dream_v they_o be_v fasten_v together_o by_o hook_n or_o chain_n and_o upon_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o neither_o the_o softness_n of_o the_o air_n nor_o its_o easy_a divisibility_n or_o separability_n by_o a_o feather_n or_o a_o cobweb_n nor_o the_o attenuation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o much_o as_o tolerable_a reason_n against_o their_o continuity_n for_o although_o the_o disjunction_n and_o separation_n of_o the_o part_n interrupt_v the_o continuity_n between_o the_o part_n when_o actual_o separate_v yet_o the_o separability_n or_o easiness_n of_o separability_n of_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o shadow_n of_o argument_n against_o their_o continuity_n till_o such_o a_o actual_a separation_n be_v make_v no_o man_n that_o think_v twice_o can_v imagine_v that_o lead_n in_o fusion_n be_v less_o a_o continue_a body_n than_o when_o it_o be_v solid_a or_o that_o gold_n beat_v into_o leaf_n be_v less_o continue_v than_o when_o in_o the_o ingot_n and_o yet_o the_o separability_n of_o its_o part_n much_o more_o facile_a than_o before_o and_o therefore_o the_o fancy_n of_o contiguity_n only_o of_o fluid_a body_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o idolum_fw-la democraticum_fw-la or_o cartesianum_fw-la which_o with_o his_o imaginary_a globuli_fw-la and_o their_o ramenta_fw-la the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la have_v disorder_v man_n sentiment_n as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o this_o touch_v continuity_n and_o ratio_fw-la continui_fw-la remark_n xiii_o i_o be_o very_a well_o content_v to_o be_v rectify_v touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o principium_fw-la hylarchicum_n of_o the_o learned_a remarker_n i_o must_v confess_v when_o i_o find_v so_o much_o of_o a_o spiritual_a nature_n attribute_v to_o it_o and_o that_o great_a and_o ready_a accommodation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o solve_v of_o most_o of_o the_o admirable_a phaenomena_n in_o nature_n whether_o mechanical_a or_o vital_a i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v some_o intelligent_a spirit_n or_o intelligence_n but_o now_o i_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v only_o plastic_a and_o vital_a not_o intelligent_a and_o doubtful_a whether_o sentient_a or_o not_o but_o of_o whatever_o nature_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o prove_v its_o very_a existence_n by_o such_o instance_n as_o be_v not_o mere_o mechanical_a otherwise_o i_o fear_v more_o be_v assert_v than_o prove_v remark_n fourteen_o xix_o xx._n in_o these_o remark_n lie_v most_o of_o the_o elixir_n of_o the_o precedent_n remark_n and_o beside_o they_o offer_v at_o somewhat_o of_o experimental_a proof_n of_o what_o they_o assert_v beside_o bare_a notion_n but_o how_o far_o these_o proof_n be_v sufficient_a or_o effectual_a we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v insist_v somewhat_o large_a upon_o they_o and_o the_o observation_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o they_o archimedes_n in_o his_o three_o proposition_n de_fw-fr insidentibus_fw-la humido_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o if_o solid_a body_n have_v a_o bulk_n or_o mole_n be_v equal_o heavy_a to_o the_o water_n wherein_o they_o be_v place_v be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o water_n be_v so_o immerse_v that_o nothing_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v above_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o press_v downward_o and_o in_o the_o six_o proposition_n he_o tell_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n light_a than_o the_o water_n
be_v force_v down_o into_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v up_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o the_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a mole_n to_o that_o immersed_a body_n be_v heavy_a than_o that_o body_n and_o this_o drive_v upward_o of_o the_o light_a body_n be_v by_o that_o circumpulsion_n of_o a_o heavy_a fluid_a body_n upon_o another_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o which_o will_v if_o it_o can_v take_v up_o the_o place_n that_o the_o light_a body_n have_v invade_v within_o its_o dimension_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o its_o province_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o balance_n or_o libra_n artificialis_fw-la in_o the_o air_n wherein_o a_o heavy_a weight_n in_o one_o scale_n lift_v up_o a_o light_a weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o this_o natural_a libration_n between_o the_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o light_a body_n of_o the_o wood_n only_o here_o it_o seem_v like_o a_o balance_n invert_v wherein_o the_o counterpoise_n of_o the_o mole_n of_o water_n be_v great_a and_o more_o than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o a_o light_a solid_a body_n must_v needs_o overweigh_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a get_v below_o and_o under_o it_o as_o in_o this_o scheme_n suppose_v a_o be_v a_o cube_n of_o wood_n of_o 6_o inch_n square_a immerse_v towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cubical_a vessel_n of_o water_n c_o d_o and_o light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n this_o cube_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o 234_o square_a inch_n which_o be_v not_o the_o cube_n there_o will_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n take_v up_o by_o the_o water_n the_o cube_n of_o wood_n be_v environ_v with_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n equal_a in_o mole_n to_o this_o cube_n of_o wood_n but_o exceed_v it_o considerable_o in_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n must_v necessary_o preponderate_v the_o cube_n of_o wood_n and_o consequent_o must_v thrust_v it_o upward_o that_o it_o may_v possess_v the_o place_n the_o cube_n of_o wood_n have_v invade_v and_o so_o in_o this_o libra_n naturalis_fw-la the_o heavy_a mole_n of_o water_n must_v necessary_o drive_v up_o the_o light_a mole_n of_o wood_n as_o in_o the_o artificial_a scale_n the_o heavy_a scale_n raise_v the_o light_a and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o without_o the_o aid_n of_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n the_o water_n bear_v and_o carry_v up_o the_o rundle_n of_o light_a wood_n in_o the_o instance_n so_o often_o magnify_v by_o the_o remarker_n for_o unless_o the_o rundle_n be_v so_o close_o fasten_v to_o the_o base_a either_o by_o some_o glutinous_a matter_n or_o by_o its_o strict_a joint_v and_o adhesion_n to_o the_o side_n or_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n as_o will_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o the_o water_n to_o displace_v it_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a by_o any_o art_n whatsoever_o to_o make_v the_o rundle_n so_o close_o to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o subtle_a particle_n of_o water_n will_v creep_v between_o the_o rundle_n and_o the_o base_a and_o throw_v it_o up_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o imaginary_a column_n of_o water_n commensurate_a to_o the_o rundle_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o keep_v it_o down_o and_o herein_o as_o i_o before_o observe_v the_o water_n have_v accidental_o and_o upon_o this_o occasion_n a_o motion_n upward_o which_o yet_o be_v but_o the_o consequent_a of_o its_o motion_n downward_o below_o the_o rundle_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v if_o you_o take_v a_o hollow_a cane_n suppose_v one_o inch_n diameter_n 12_o inch_n long_o let_v the_o base_a thereof_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o quantity_n of_o lead_n for_o about_o a_o inch_n then_o let_v there_o be_v pour_v in_o 6_o inch_n of_o water_n and_o then_o there_o will_v remain_v 5_o inch_n of_o air_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cane_n although_o the_o lead_v be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cane_n equal_a in_o specifical_a weight_n to_o so_o much_o water_n yet_o as_o long_o as_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o cane_n thus_o compound_v do_v not_o equal_a the_o weight_n of_o a_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n this_o cane_n immerse_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n 12_o inch_n deep_a will_v not_o subside_o or_o rest_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o will_v be_v drive_v up_o to_o that_o height_n in_o the_o water_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cane_n subside_v in_o the_o water_n will_v countervail_v a_o mole_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a cane_n and_o there_o it_o will_v swim_v erect_v experience_n and_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v the_o truth_n hereof_o apparent_a stevin_n that_o next_o to_o archimedes_n have_v write_v best_a of_o hydrostatiques_n in_o his_o 5_o the_o book_n prop._n 2._o suppose_v nevertheless_o that_o if_o this_o rundle_n cover_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o will_v not_o rise_v but_o will_v be_v keep_v down_o by_o the_o impend_a column_n of_o water_n commensurate_n to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rundle_n albert_n girard_n the_o commentator_n deny_v this_o unless_o the_o rundle_n be_v of_o equal_a or_o great_a weight_n than_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o water_n but_o the_o truth_n lie_v between_o they_o both_o for_o the_o rundle_n light_a than_o the_o water_n will_v be_v undermine_v in_o the_o rim_n and_o edge_n and_o so_o the_o water_n will_v get_v out_o do_v what_o the_o artist_n can_v if_o the_o rundle_n be_v light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n but_o then_o when_o the_o water_n have_v thus_o get_v a_o passage_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o orifice_n into_o the_o free_a air_n upon_o which_o it_o have_v be_v show_v the_o mole_n of_o water_n commensurate_n to_o the_o passage_n it_o have_v now_o press_v with_o its_o full_a swing_n and_o if_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o rundle_n in_o the_o way_n of_o its_o motion_n so_o long_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o its_o way_n it_o will_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o it_o till_o the_o water_n have_v whole_o discharge_v itself_o through_o the_o orifice_n and_o therefore_o the_o reason_n be_v obvious_a why_o there_o be_v some_o impediment_n in_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o rundle_n when_o it_o be_v thus_o place_v upon_o a_o orifice_n without_o call_v in_o any_o other_o principle_n than_o the_o natural_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o that_o orifice_n now_o give_v it_o a_o access_n to_o a_o element_n that_o it_o can_v press_v upon_o viz._n the_o air_n below_o the_o orifice_n just_o as_o we_o see_v in_o our_o kettle_n and_o brew_v furnace_n when_o they_o have_v a_o small_a leak_n the_o servant_n throw_v in_o a_o handful_n of_o bran_n which_o though_o perchance_o it_o will_v not_o so_o ready_o sink_v much_o less_o sink_v to_o the_o leak_n yet_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o leak_n will_v carry_v those_o light_n and_o small_a particle_n thither_o which_o be_v crowd_v in_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o column_n of_o water_n that_o be_v commensurate_a to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o leak_n stop_v it_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v upon_o a_o leak_n in_o a_o ship_n where_o a_o light_a fardel_n throw_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n will_v be_v carry_v down_o to_o the_o leak_n and_o crowd_v into_o it_o by_o the_o water_n &_o sometime_o stop_v the_o leak_n and_o therefore_o touch_v the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o column_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o rundle_n of_o light_a wood_n where_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n under_o it_o in_o the_o base_a which_o i_o add_v as_o a_o exception_n pag._n 57_o and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o stevin_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o 5_o the_o book_n of_o his_o practical_a hydrostatiques_n both_o he_o and_o i_o must_v be_v understand_v where_o any_o little_a water_n pass_v under_o the_o rundle_n to_o the_o hole_n and_o therefore_o to_o clear_v that_o experiment_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o i_o make_v exact_a trial_n concern_v it_o as_o follow_v then_o oil_v the_o base_a and_o rundle_n as_o before_o and_o unite_n they_o i_o fill_v the_o bucket_n with_o water_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o glutinous_a oil_n do_v not_o pass_v nor_o sever_v the_o rundle_n from_o the_o base_a then_o fix_v the_o rundle_n as_o before_o to_o a_o scale_n i_o try_v what_o weight_n be_v sufficient_a to_o sever_v the_o rundle_n from_o the_o base_a be_v under_o the_o suppose_a pressure_n of_o that_o imaginary_a colum_n of_o water_n of_o 5_o inch_n deep_a and_o i_o find_v that_o very_a near_o the_o same_o weight_n will_v sever_v it_o from_o the_o base_a under_o water_n as_o do_v sever_v it_o when_o it_o lay_v dry_a and_o though_o in_o several_a trial_n there_o be_v some_o little_a disparity_n which_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o unequal_a
so_o heavy_a as_o the_o like_a globe_n or_o cube_n of_o water_n weigh_v for_o the_o purpose_n 13_o pound_n and_o be_v immerse_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n ten_o or_o twenty_o foot_n square_a which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n only_o to_o two_o inch_n deep_a though_o this_o water_n be_v of_o a_o intrinsic_a double_a weight_n to_o the_o cube_n or_o globe_n of_o wood_n and_o extrinsecal_o it_o may_v be_v above_o forty_o time_n more_o weighty_a than_o that_o cube_n or_o globe_n of_o wood_n yet_o that_o cube_n or_o globe_n of_o wood_n will_v subside_o to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n or_o rest_v there_o in_o contiguity_n to_o it_o without_o any_o swim_n or_o bear_v up_o above_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n be_v always_o secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la vel_fw-la profunditatem_fw-la and_o not_o at_o all_o secundum_fw-la latitudinem_fw-la vel_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n rise_v but_o two_o inch_n high_a do_v not_o equal_a the_o half_a weight_n of_o the_o cube_n or_o globe_n which_o require_v somewhat_o more_o than_o three_o inch_n of_o water_n to_o overmatch_v the_o extrinsical_a weight_n of_o the_o cube_n of_o wood_n without_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v move_v by_o the_o preponderation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o wood_n will_v preponderate_v the_o energy_n of_o that_o expanded_a water_n or_o at_o least_o be_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la with_o it_o and_o so_o not_o move_v from_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n 6._o but_o if_o in_o the_o instance_n last_o give_v a_o globe_n of_o wood_n of_o six_o inch_n diameter_n and_o six_o pound_n weight_n be_v but_o of_o half_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o like_a globe_n of_o six_o inch_n diameter_n of_o water_n weigh_v therefore_o 12_o pound_n be_v immerse_v into_o a_o cylindrous_a vessel_n of_o water_n of_o 7_o or_o 8_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o such_o a_o depth_n as_o may_v hold_v 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n of_o water_n without_o be_v force_v over_o by_o the_o immission_n of_o the_o wooden_a globe_n into_o it_o and_o let_v there_o be_v but_o 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n of_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o and_o then_o let_v the_o globe_n of_o wood_n of_o half_a the_o intrinsic_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o or_o let_v the_o wooden_a cube_n be_v first_o put_v in_o and_o then_o the_o 7_o pound_n of_o water_n here_o the_o water_n between_o the_o base_a of_o the_o wooden_a globe_n and_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n it_o may_v be_v will_v not_o be_v a_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o water_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cylindrous_a vessel_n may_v rise_v four_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n high_o in_o this_o instance_n this_o wooden_a globe_n will_v swim_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a 1._o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n be_v not_o only_o intrinsically_a but_o also_o extrinsecal_o heavy_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o wood_n this_o weigh_v only_o 6_o pound_n and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n but_o that_o over-weight_n of_o water_n alone_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o globe_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o precedent_n observation_n therefore_o 2._o the_o immediate_a reason_n thereof_o be_v because_o the_o ambient_fw-la or_o lateral_a water_n between_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o vessel_n rise_v to_o above_o half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o wooden_a globe_n and_o press_v secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la upon_o the_o little_a portion_n of_o water_n next_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n as_o a_o weight_n of_o water_n of_o near_o 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n and_o so_o exceed_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o wood_n but_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o lateral_a water_n encircle_v the_o globe_n of_o wood_n have_v rise_v but_o a_o inch_n or_o two_o above_o the_o base_a of_o the_o globe_n of_o wood_n that_o will_v never_o raise_v the_o globe_n of_o wood_n from_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n but_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v contiguous_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n or_o if_o the_o globe_n of_o wood_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n for_o it_o preponderate_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o position_n these_o figure_n will_v explain_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a vessel_n a_o b_o where_o the_o 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n of_o water_n rise_v never_o so_o little_a above_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o wooden_a globe_n c_o the_o wooden_a globe_n of_o six_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 6_o pound_n weight_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o the_o great_a vessel_n or_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o amplitude_n the_o lateral_a water_n do_v not_o arise_v above_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o globe_n will_v not_o swim_v but_o rest_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n though_o the_o water_n in_o that_o vessel_n be_v 20_o or_o 40_o pound_n weight_n remark_n xxi_o this_o remark_n be_v sufficient_o answer_v before_o where_o i_o say_v that_o heaviness_n in_o body_n be_v a_o intrinsic_a quality_n that_o it_o be_v not_o mobility_n at_o large_a but_o a_o special_a or_o specific_a mobility_n whereby_o its_o gravitation_n be_v natural_o determine_v to_o be_v central_a that_o mobility_n upward_o in_o heavy_a body_n be_v occasional_a and_o accidental_a and_o not_o pure_o natural_a as_o a_o heavy_a body_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o the_o remark_n mean_v when_o it_o say_v that_o water_n have_v no_o tendency_n to_o motion_n downward_o but_o when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o place_n of_o water_n be_v it_o a_o place_n determinate_a with_o relation_n to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o universe_n if_o so_o we_o find_v no_o place_n in_o nature_n but_o the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o very_a indivisible_a centre_n which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o termination_n of_o its_o motion_n be_v sure_o never_o intend_v for_o its_o place_n because_o never_o ample_a or_o capable_a to_o receive_v it_o let_v the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o ocean_n or_o in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v still_o as_o a_o heavy_a body_n descend_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impede_v or_o be_v the_o place_n of_o it_o that_o place_n where_o any_o portion_n of_o water_n be_v place_v suppose_v in_o a_o vessel_n upon_o my_o table_n or_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o my_o house_n or_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o steeple_n yet_o there_o this_o water_n will_v still_o descend_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impede_v or_o be_v it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v get_v into_o any_o place_n in_o its_o fluid_a consistence_n it_o be_v now_o become_v its_o natural_a place_n per_fw-la occupationem_fw-la and_o all_o other_o body_n invade_v that_o place_n be_v intruder_n and_o put_v it_o out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o so_o give_v it_o a_o nisus_n downward_o but_o the_o water_n itself_o when_o i_o remove_v a_o vessel_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o river_n into_o a_o boat_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n invade_v the_o place_n that_o the_o air_n before_o have_v and_o so_o can_v be_v the_o proper_a place_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a account_n the_o water_n unless_o otherwise_o impede_v must_v necessary_o move_v downward_o in_o all_o position_n though_o sometime_o it_o have_v a_o accidental_a or_o consequential_a motion_n upward_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o fluidity_n a_o lateral_a motion_n therefore_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v what_o be_v mean_v when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o nisus_n of_o water_n downward_o be_v occasional_a and_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la nata_fw-la as_o well_o as_o upward_o namely_o when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n remark_n xxii_o xxiii_o xxiv_o xxv_o xxvi_o xxvii_o xxviii_o i_o answer_v to_o the_o demand_v the_o mobility_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o be_v natural_a be_v thereunto_o as_o a_o heavy_a body_n determine_v by_o the_o principle_n thereof_o viz._n intrinsic_a gravity_n but_o the_o other_o motion_n be_v either_o from_o its_o fluidity_n or_o occasional_a though_o it_o be_v not_o pertinent_a to_o the_o debate_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n water_n may_v have_v a_o occasional_a motion_n upward_o or_o lateral_o and_o yet_o a_o natural_a motion_n downward_o the_o bucket_n of_o water_n weigh_v 12_o pound_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o when_o a_o tube_n stop_v below_o and_o immerse_v and_o then_o open_v below_o give_v a_o occasional_a motion_n to_o part_v of_o the_o water_n upward_o into_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o same_o be_v apparent_a when_o it_o drive_v up_o a_o light_a rundle_n of_o wood_n
from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o superficies_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o remark_n be_v principal_o level_v against_o continuity_n of_o water_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v here_o affirm_v to_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o former_a remark_n indeed_o i_o find_v this_o often_o say_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o i_o can_v find_v and_o indeed_o it_o require_v a_o very_a evident_a proof_n for_o its_o continuity_n be_v affirm_v by_o all_o other_o that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o be_v evident_a to_o some_o concern_v the_o motion_n and_o pressure_n of_o sand_n i_o have_v say_v enough_o only_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o animal_n be_v not_o damnify_v under_o a_o high_a heap_n of_o sand_n may_v have_v some_o such_o reason_n as_o the_o suspension_n of_o fluids_n i_o free_o agree_v herein_o for_o as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o animal_n be_v protect_v in_o both_o by_o the_o mechanism_n of_o the_o incumbent_a part_n but_o not_o by_o such_o hylarchical_a principle_n as_o the_o author_n suppose_v remark_n xxix_o xxx_o that_o the_o natural_a gravitation_n downward_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o occasional_a gravitation_n lateral_a yea_o and_o in_o some_o case_n vertical_a be_v most_o evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v upon_o the_o last_o remark_n and_o therefore_o those_o other_o actual_a gravitation_n be_v not_o bare_a imagination_n but_o may_v be_v as_o real_a effect_n in_o nature_n as_o when_o a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la horizontalem_fw-la &_o centralem_fw-la for_o otherwise_o the_o bullet_n can_v never_o sink_v from_o a_o straight_a line_n the_o former_a be_v conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la violentum_fw-la and_o the_o latter_a ad_fw-la motum_fw-la naturalem_fw-la but_o as_o to_o the_o distinction_n that_o i_o make_v between_o the_o fluid_a water_n in_o the_o bucket_n and_o the_o bucket_n contain_v a_o entire_a cylinder_n constitute_v both_o of_o the_o bucket_n and_o water_n in_o it_o and_o that_o the_o latter_a have_v one_o simple_a motion_n downward_o as_o a_o heavy_a body_n or_o as_o a_o keg_n of_o ice_n but_o the_o fluid_a water_n in_o the_o bucket_n have_v as_o a_o fluid_a body_n those_o various_a motion_n which_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o assign_v unto_o it_o i_o must_v confess_v when_o i_o write_v it_o i_o think_v and_o still_o think_v it_o so_o plain_a and_o intelligible_a and_o evident_a that_o i_o wonder_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v understand_v or_o shall_v be_v think_v a_o repugnancy_n in_o nature_n the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n be_v perfect_o a_o fluid_a body_n and_o have_v its_o perpendicular_a motion_n downward_o which_o be_v simple_o natural_a to_o it_o as_o a_o heavy_a body_n and_o its_o lateral_a motion_n belong_v to_o it_o as_o a_o fluid_a body_n by_o which_o it_o will_v drive_v out_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bucket_n near_o the_o top_n especial_o be_v it_o not_o well_o fence_v and_o though_o by_o the_o strong_a guard_n of_o the_o bucket_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o that_o it_o can_v effect_v what_o it_o endeavour_n yet_o it_o have_v still_o its_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la lateralem_fw-la but_o that_o conatus_fw-la be_v still_o keep_v in_o by_o the_o strong_a side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o bucket_n but_o the_o bucket_n of_o water_n be_v now_o one_o entire_a aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o wood_n form_v into_o a_o cylindraceous_a form_n and_o water_n contain_v within_o it_o and_o so_o press_v simple_o central_o as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n or_o as_o if_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v mingle_v together_o into_o one_o solid_a mass_n in_o which_o instance_n the_o bucket_n of_o water_n press_v not_o as_o a_o fluid_a body_n of_o water_n but_o as_o a_o common_a solid_a aggregate_v body_n and_o now_o if_o you_o ask_v but_o why_o do_v not_o the_o bucket_n of_o water_n press_v lateral_o as_o well_o as_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n the_o answer_n offer_v itself_o even_o before_o the_o question_n ask_v because_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bucket_n be_v solid_a and_o not_o fluid_a and_o can_v no_o more_o press_v lateral_o upon_o the_o circumjacent_a air_n than_o if_o they_o be_v empty_a of_o water_n the_o water_n within_o the_o bucket_n press_v upon_o the_o interior_a side_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o bucket_n but_o be_v restrain_v from_o press_v far_o by_o the_o contignation_n of_o the_o bucket_n but_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bucket_n do_v not_o can_v press_v upon_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a weight_n be_v discharge_v from_o it_o in_o a_o central_a direction_n as_o in_o truth_n it_o do_v always_o in_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o consequence_n that_o will_v be_v draw_v from_o hence_o that_o then_o water_v congeal_v shall_v be_v heavy_a than_o the_o same_o water_n solute_a be_v the_o vain_a inference_n imaginable_a for_o the_o water_n as_o one_o common_a body_n have_v the_o same_o and_o possible_o a_o little_a more_o weight_n before_o its_o congeal_v than_o after_o and_o though_o its_o congeal_a hinder_v the_o various_a motion_n of_o it_o as_o a_o fluid_a body_n it_o do_v not_o increase_v nor_o considerable_o impair_v its_o weight_n upon_o the_o scale_n as_o a_o heavy_a body_n methinks_v the_o reason_v of_o the_o remarker_n in_o this_o case_n be_v just_a as_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v sail_v from_o north_n to_o south_n a_o man_n shall_v say_v it_o be_v unconceptible_a that_o a_o passenger_n shall_v walk_v upon_o the_o deck_n from_o south_n to_o north_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v be_v move_v with_o two_o contrary_a motion_n and_o of_o contrary_a termination_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o yet_o be_v apparent_o true_a that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o be_v move_v ad_fw-la motum_fw-la navis_fw-la from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o ad_fw-la motum_fw-la proprium_fw-la from_o south_n to_o north_n so_o the_o same_o vessel_n of_o water_n as_o it_o be_v one_o entire_a heavy_a bulk_n have_v simple_o its_o central_a termination_n yet_o the_o several_a include_v fluid_a part_n in_o their_o fluid_a consistence_n have_v and_o may_v have_v various_a termination_n as_o well_o lateral_a or_o incline_v as_o perpendicular_a or_o central_a but_o to_o put_v a_o period_n to_o this_o debate_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o fluid_n as_o fluid_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o common_a body_n which_o be_v fluid_a and_o those_o be_v horizontal_a per_fw-la declive_a lateral_a and_o central_a but_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o its_o motion_n as_o one_o common_a body_n than_o it_o be_v true_a the_o motion_n be_v central_a which_o be_v its_o motion_n of_o natural_a gravitation_n upon_o the_o scale_n and_o therefore_o 12_o pound_n of_o water_n without_o relation_n to_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v will_v weigh_v still_o 12_o pound_n upon_o the_o scale_n and_o yet_o its_o part_n have_v those_o several_a motion_n before_o describe_v which_o abate_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n but_o correct_v the_o particular_a pressure_n of_o it_o and_o the_o several_a part_n thereof_o while_o in_o fluore_n and_o by_o way_n of_o illustration_n of_o what_o i_o say_v take_v these_o few_o instance_n a_o barrel_n of_o new_a wine_n or_o beer_n suppose_v it_o weigh_v 100_o pound_n after_o a_o little_a time_n it_o will_v gain_v a_o motion_n of_o fermentation_n which_o by_o reason_n it_o proceed_v from_o heat_n be_v principal_o upward_a towards_o the_o superficies_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o motion_n the_o barrel_n of_o beer_n or_o wine_n will_v as_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o before_o the_o excitation_n of_o thaâ—_n motion_n unless_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n bâ—_n spend_v at_o a_o vent_n or_o break_v the_o barrel_n in_o animal_n there_o be_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o the_o motion_n not_o only_o of_o the_o spirit_n but_o of_o the_o blood_n the_o chyle_n the_o lympha_fw-la and_o most_o considerable_o upward_a towards_o the_o head_n and_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whereupon_o it_o waâ—_n suppose_v by_o some_o learned_a man_n thaâ—_n the_o body_n of_o a_o dead_a animal_n that_o by_o such_o death_n have_v lose_v none_o of_o his_o blood_n shall_v weigh_v more_o than_o the_o same_o body_n live_v but_o upon_o strict_a trial_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o weight_n continue_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o scale_n so_o that_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n humour_n chyle_n and_o lympha_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a yea_o and_o in_o many_o respect_n of_o a_o contrary_a termination_n to_o that_o of_o natural_a gravity_n do_v not_o only_o consist_v with_o the_o proper_a motion_n of_o gravity_n of_o the_o whole_a mole_n corporea_fw-la but_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o abate_v it_o yet_o these_o particular_a partial_a motion_n of_o the_o
blood_n humour_n chyle_n and_o latex_n may_v one_o correct_v the_o other_o and_o the_o same_o i_o say_v of_o water_n though_o there_o be_v particular_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n as_o a_o fluid_a body_n and_o those_o correct_v and_o refract_v one_o another_o yet_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o entire_a mole_n corporea_fw-la as_o constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n retain_v its_o entire_a weight_n upon_o the_o scale_n viz._n 12_o pound_n and_o this_o without_o any_o repugnancy_n to_o or_o diminution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n take_v a_o balance_n and_o charge_v one_o scale_n with_o 3_o pound_n weight_n the_o other_o with_o 2_o pound_n weight_n the_o preponderation_n of_o the_o scale_n with_o 3_o pound_n weight_n will_v raise_v up_o the_o scale_n with_o 2_o pound_n weight_n so_o that_o in_o a_o relative_a consideration_n between_o the_o weight_n the_o latter_a have_v no_o sensible_a gravitation_n and_o yet_o the_o hand_n that_o hold_v the_o balance_n will_v sustain_v and_o feel_v in_o both_o scale_n together_o the_o weight_n of_o 5_o pound_n and_o it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a way_n of_o argumentation_n to_o urge_v that_o because_o the_o light_a weight_n have_v lose_v its_o actual_a gravitation_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o heavy_a weight_n therefore_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o shall_v be_v but_o 3_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o preponderate_a weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a scale_n 1._o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o aequipondium_fw-la in_o this_o instance_n between_o the_o 2_o pound_n and_o 4_o pound_n whereby_o the_o relative_a weight_n of_o each_o be_v abate_v yet_o the_o entire_a engine_n with_o its_o weight_n will_v weigh_v 6_o pound_n beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o engin._n 2._o that_o by_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o d_o it_o lose_v half_a of_o that_o weight_n that_o it_o will_v have_v in_o a_o direct_a descent_n from_o c_o to_o b_o and_o so_o this_o accidental_a interposition_n of_o a_o motion_n per_fw-la declive_a correct_v that_o natural_a gravitation_n that_o be_v true_o central_a and_o perpendicular_a 3._o but_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o remove_v or_o take_v it_o away_o only_o the_o declive_a termination_n or_o direction_n take_v off_o one_o half_a of_o the_o actual_a perpendicular_a or_o central_a gravitation_n and_o this_o instance_n explicate_v and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n prove_v what_o i_o have_v say_v and_o evince_v that_o these_o 29_o 30_o remark_n be_v not_o of_o that_o moment_n as_o the_o remarker_n take_v they_o to_o be_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o a_o tun_n of_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n weigh_v 2000_o pound_n weight_n and_o that_o a_o man_n be_v lay_v upon_o his_o back_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o vessel_n be_v subject_v to_o a_o pile_n or_o column_n of_o water_n equal_a in_o base_a to_o the_o half_a of_o that_o tun_n of_o water_n yet_o the_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v press_v with_o 1000_o pound_n weight_n of_o water_n nor_o the_o 1000_o the_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o the_o whole_a vessel_n of_o water_n or_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n shall_v nevertheless_o weigh_v 2000_o pound_n upon_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o the_o 7_o the_o and_o 8_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o essay_n without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o hylarchical_a spirit_n whether_o intelligent_a sentient_a or_o plastic_a only_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o remark_n upon_o the_o pamphlet_n call_v a_o essay_n touch_v the_o gravitation_n of_o fluids_n the_o brief_a of_o what_o i_o have_v herein_o and_o there_o deliver_v be_v as_o follow_v i._o that_o there_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o double_a reason_n of_o the_o non-gravitation_a of_o fluid_n upon_o body_n within_o they_o of_o a_o narrow_a base_n at_o least_o than_o the_o base_a of_o the_o whole_a mole_n of_o the_o water_n incumbent_a upon_o they_o namely_o 1._o mechanical_a which_o be_v principal_o sustinendo_fw-la the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o water_n sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o the_o superior_a as_o analogical_a to_o the_o sustentation_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o sand_n or_o other_o minute_n body_n by_o the_o inferior_a 2._o natural_a premendo_fw-la which_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n itself_o as_o a_o fluid_a though_o withal_o a_o heavy_a body_n which_o be_v per_fw-la declive_a and_o very_o near_o horizontal_a correct_v the_o central_a gravitation_n ii_o that_o although_o the_o mole_n of_o water_n consider_v as_o one_o common_a mass_n or_o moles_n move_v as_o a_o heavy_a body_n in_o a_o central_a termination_n yet_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n consider_v in_o their_o fluid_a consistency_n have_v differ_v motion_n as_o a_o fluid_a body_n and_o with_o various_a termination_n viz._n central_a lateral_a and_o per_fw-la declive_a which_o check_n and_o refract_v the_o pressure_n of_o each_o other_o so_o that_o the_o entire_a pressure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v not_o all_o one_o way_n because_o a_o fluid_a body_n though_o as_o one_o entire_a mole_n it_o press_v with_o one_o single_a central_a termination_n as_o a_o heavy_a body_n yet_o the_o part_n thereof_o in_o their_o common_a consistency_n have_v various_a motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la iii_o that_o although_o the_o various_a conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n in_o fluore_n do_v correct_v the_o motion_n of_o water_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o termination_n as_o a_o fluid_a body_n whereby_o divers_a urinatores_fw-la be_v not_o press_v to_o death_n yet_o these_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n as_o a_o fluid_a body_n do_v not_o abate_v or_o alter_v the_o common_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a mole_n when_o in_o one_o collection_n in_o its_o central_a termination_n as_o a_o heavy_a body_n iv._o that_o beside_o these_o motion_n incident_a to_o water_n as_o a_o heavy_a or_o a_o fluid_a body_n there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v certain_a accidental_a motion_n ab_fw-la extrinseco_fw-la which_o may_v give_v water_n a_o vertical_a ascend_a motion_n of_o pressure_n by_o a_o external_a force_n as_o that_o motion_n which_o arise_v by_o circumpulsion_n where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o light_a body_n below_o the_o superficies_n as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o rundle_n of_o a_o light_a body_n as_o a_o rundle_n of_o wood_n the_o rise_n up_o of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n full_a of_o air_n the_o instance_n of_o the_o value_n give_v in_o the_o ensue_a remark_n all_o which_o though_o they_o partly_o happen_v from_o the_o fluidity_n of_o water_n yet_o they_o be_v effect_v from_o a_o accidental_a interposition_n and_o most_o ordinary_o be_v consequential_a upon_o a_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n first_o all_o which_o motion_n of_o part_n of_o fluid_n arise_v either_o ab_fw-la extrinseco_fw-la or_o from_o its_o fluidity_n yet_o be_v consistent_a with_o its_o intrinsical_a quality_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la of_o the_o entire_a mole_n thereof_o in_o a_o central_a termination_n or_o motion_n towards_o the_o centre_n which_o i_o usual_o express_v by_o a_o central_a motion_n or_o termination_n touch_v the_o remark_n upon_o difficiles_fw-la nugae_fw-la remark_n i._n i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o course_n of_o remark_n upon_o difficiles_fw-la nugae_fw-la and_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o in_o this_o remark_n the_o learned_a author_n have_v fall_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o subtle_a subject_n in_o philosophy_n and_o such_o as_o will_v require_v more_o than_o a_o small_a treatise_n to_o give_v a_o tolerable_a account_n touch_v it_o namely_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n i_o have_v more_o large_o give_v a_o account_n of_o my_o thought_n touch_v it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v whether_o the_o principle_n i_o take_v up_o be_v unprove_v or_o whether_o they_o or_o the_o remarker_n principle_n be_v or_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o experiment_n or_o reason_n in_o nature_n or_o whether_o his_o principle_n or_o i_o be_v such_o as_o be_v repugnant_a to_o reason_n and_o absurd_a if_o we_o close_o canvas_v they_o and_o more_o considerate_o search_v into_o they_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o place_n here_o remark_v upon_o necessary_a to_o prove_v they_o but_o to_o suppose_v they_o the_o proof_n be_v therefore_o there_o omit_v i_o have_v therefore_o now_o in_o the_o beginning_n supply_v that_o defect_n in_o some_o measure_n remark_n ii_o the_o learned_a remarker_n mistake_v the_o scope_n of_o the_o assertion_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o conjunction_n of_o solid_a heavy_a body_n contribute_v to_o their_o weight_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a solid_a body_n downward_o but_o the_o actual_a gravitation_n of_o one_o part_n upon_o another_o be_v suspend_v by_o their_o continuity_n the_o low_a part_n receive_v and_o sustain_v and_o so_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la suspend_v the_o actual_a
gravitation_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n upon_o the_o low_a so_o that_o although_o the_o superior_a part_n contribute_v to_o the_o total_a weight_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o superate_o and_o actual_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o low_a part_n remark_n iii_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o substiturion_n of_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o motion_n in_o natural_a body_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o easy_a way_n for_o the_o answer_n of_o all_o difficulty_n but_o he_o that_o but_o observe_v the_o instance_n here_o endeavour_v to_o be_v confute_v will_v find_v as_o in_o many_o other_o that_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o mention_v they_o do_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o such_o a_o help_n for_o it_o be_v mere_o mechanical_a from_o the_o various_a libration_n of_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n at_o various_a immersion_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o invert_v natural_a balance_n between_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n in_o these_o various_a position_n therefore_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o solution_n to_o the_o reader_n trial_n and_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v upon_o the_o former_a remark_n remark_n iu._n it_o be_v cautious_o say_v that_o in_o a_o manner_n i_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o first_o remark_n for_o in_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o air_n be_v more_o compound_v than_o above_o it_o and_o yet_o all_o be_v connex_v together_o by_o continuity_n and_o so_o in_o a_o manner_n i_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v it_o also_o touch_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o author_n to_o be_v sufficient_o disprove_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v so_o and_o i_o think_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o in_o itself_o most_o evident_a if_o no_o proof_n be_v offer_v of_o it_o remark_n v._n the_o exclusion_n of_o innate_a gravity_n because_o the_o part_n compress_v will_v sensible_o gravitate_fw-la but_o do_v not_o sensible_o gravitate_fw-la before_o compression_n seem_v to_o i_o as_o strange_a a_o consequence_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v a_o feather_n have_v no_o sensible_a gravitation_n but_o a_o peck_n of_o feather_n put_v together_o have_v a_o sensible_a gravitation_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o intrinsic_a gravity_n in_o the_o feather_n remark_n vi._n and_o i_o have_v before_o note_v that_o continuity_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o facility_n or_o difficulty_n of_o separation_n of_o part_n which_o yet_o till_o such_o separation_n be_v in_o continuity_n and_o when_o that_o separation_n be_v past_a may_v grow_v together_o into_o continuity_n again_o by_o the_o first_o contact_n of_o the_o separate_a part_n as_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v upon_o remove_v of_o what_o separate_v their_o part_n remark_n vii_o in_o the_o 4_o the_o chapter_n pag._n 64._o of_o the_o nugae_fw-la i_o have_v give_v a_o account_n touch_v the_o various_a pressure_n of_o solute_a and_o include_v water_n namely_o that_o in_o a_o siphon_n there_o describe_v the_o water_n in_o the_o open_a air_n pour_v into_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v 24_o inch_n depress_v the_o mercury_n 2_o inch_n and_o ¼_n and_o drive_v it_o out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n but_o the_o solute_a water_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n incumbent_n upon_o the_o short_a leg_n drive_v back_o only_o one_o inch_n the_o long_a leg_n be_v empty_a now_o if_o the_o impel_a down_o of_o 2_o inch_n and_o ¼_n of_o mercury_n by_o the_o 24_o inch_n of_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o press_n down_o of_o one_o inch_n of_o mercury_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n of_o 24_o inch_n deep_a in_o the_o short_a leg_n the_o remarker_n be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o i_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n but_o if_o these_o be_v differ_v pressure_n and_o the_o press_v down_o of_o one_o inch_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n lean_v upon_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v less_o than_o the_o press_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o ¼_n by_o the_o 24_o inch_n of_o water_n include_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n than_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v and_o a_o little_a arithmetic_n will_v serve_v to_o discover_v it_o the_o remark_n give_v this_o answer_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n that_o more_o be_v impel_v up_o by_o the_o solute_a water_n because_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v wide_a and_o so_o require_v more_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o but_o to_o give_v the_o remark_n satisfaction_n herein_o i_o have_v make_v a_o most_o exact_a scrutiny_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n and_o to_o the_o objection_n i_o give_v these_o answer_n 1._o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o siphon_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v ⅛_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v not_o the_o 40_o the_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n less_o than_o the_o short_a which_o be_v so_o small_a a_o disproportion_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v sensible_a and_o this_o upon_o a_o exact_a admeasurement_n and_o again_o when_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a tube_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n incumbent_a upon_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o visible_a difference_n between_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o mercury_n drive_v up_o in_o the_o long_o and_o depress_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n both_o be_v indistinguishable_o the_o same_o viz._n a_o inch_n subside_v in_o the_o short_a and_o a_o inch_n only_o rise_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n which_o evidence_v the_o imperceptibleness_n of_o the_o difference_n 2._o if_o it_o give_v a_o advantage_n of_o raise_v of_o the_o mercury_n it_o must_v be_v to_o the_o short_a leg_n because_o it_o have_v a_o great_a mole_n of_o mercury_n in_o it_o and_o of_o water_n upon_o it_o 3._o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o pressure_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o a_o invert_v siphon_n be_v equal_a though_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o leg_n differ_v for_o fluid_n in_o that_o instance_n press_v secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la or_o longitudinem_fw-la not_o secundum_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la a_o siphon_n invert_v have_v one_o leg_n of_o 6_o inch_n diameter_n and_o the_o other_o but_o of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n fill_v with_o water_n or_o mercury_n will_v have_v their_o superficies_n of_o equal_a height_n notwithstanding_o the_o disproportion_n of_o their_o amplitude_n this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n therefore_o stand_v unshaken_a by_o the_o remark_n and_o therefore_o sure_o the_o experiment_n itself_o nor_o the_o collection_n thereupon_o make_v by_o the_o remark_n give_v little_a countenance_n to_o the_o magnify_a demonstration_n mention_v in_o the_o remark_n but_o conclude_v effectual_o against_o it_o indeed_o as_o to_o the_o second_o instance_n or_o trial_n which_o i_o call_v the_o double_a trial_n pag._n 66._o it_o have_v reasonable_o give_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o exception_n yet_o not_o without_o some_o mistake_n in_o the_o remark_n because_o it_o be_v try_v when_o two_o inch_n and_o more_o of_o the_o mercury_n be_v first_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o siphon_n by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o therefore_o i_o lay_v no_o weight_n upon_o it_o yet_o even_o there_o there_o be_v a_o disparity_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o solute_a and_o enclose_a water_n there_o be_v a_o great_a height_n of_o water_n press_v upon_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n than_o in_o the_o long_o but_o because_o this_o second_o trial_n be_v less_o evident_a i_o lay_v it_o aside_o yet_o howsoever_o this_o do_v not_o impeach_v the_o former_a trial_n nor_o the_o conclusion_n which_o i_o lay_v upon_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o same_o column_n of_o water_n contract_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o siphon_n and_o have_v no_o other_o base_a but_o the_o mercury_n itself_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o like_a column_n of_o solute_a water_n in_o the_o open_a vessel_n impend_v upon_o the_o short_a leg_n especial_o since_o in_o the_o one_o case_n and_o the_o other_o the_o open_a air_n give_v the_o most_o fair_a trial_n to_o the_o energy_n of_o both_o and_o therefore_o the_o disparity_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o enclose_a and_o solute_a water_n which_o the_o remarker_n be_v pleasant_o dispose_v to_o call_v the_o masonry_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o hereby_o impeach_v nor_o the_o notable_a demonstration_n in_o the_o enchiridion_n metaphysicum_fw-la by_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n any_o way_n relieve_v and_o for_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la and_o not_o secundum_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la and_o also_o the_o disparity_n of_o pressure_n of_o solute_a water_n and_o water_n under_o a_o constriction_n to_o a_o narrow_a basis_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 4_o foot_n high_a
with_o a_o lumen_fw-la of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n in_o the_o side_n near_o the_o base_a be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o parabolical_a line_n that_o the_o water_n will_v make_v out_o of_o that_o vessel_n in_o its_o first_o exsilition_n will_v be_v as_o long_o yea_o and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o like_a parabolical_a line_n make_v in_o the_o first_o exsilition_n by_o the_o like_a lumen_fw-la out_o of_o a_o vessel_n of_o six_o inch_n diameter_n and_o the_o same_o height_n which_o must_v needs_o proceed_v from_o the_o great_a pressure_n by_o that_o column_n of_o water_n that_o have_v a_o equal_a height_n but_o a_o base_a of_o more_o equality_n to_o the_o lumen_fw-la according_a to_o the_o subjoined_a figure_n remark_n viii_o ix_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n be_v neither_o from_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n nor_o from_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n but_o from_o the_o plain_a common_a know_v rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n whereby_o necessary_o a_o fluid_a body_n drive_v up_o a_o solid_a body_n light_a than_o itself_o to_o the_o superficies_n if_o it_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n in_o the_o least_o proportion_n insinuate_v itself_o between_o the_o rundle_n and_o the_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o circumpulsion_n but_o as_o touch_v stevinus_n his_o experiment_n of_o the_o rundle_n cover_v a_o pertuse_n or_o hole_n in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o vessel_n i_o must_v needs_o say_v stevinus_n deliver_v it_o in_o his_o observation_n upon_o the_o 10_o the_o proposition_n of_o his_o hydrostatiques_n from_o whence_o i_o transcribe_v it_o pag._n 94._o of_o the_o nugae_fw-la i_o have_v say_v enough_o touch_v this_o business_n before_o upon_o remark_n 19_o 20._o upon_o the_o essay_n i_o shall_v therefore_o short_o collect_v somewhat_o of_o what_o be_v there_o more_o full_o deliver_v if_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o its_o mole_n and_o the_o rundle_n be_v press_v down_o as_o contiguous_a as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o plain_a basis_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o it_o will_v rise_v for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o porosity_n and_o chamfer_n of_o the_o wood_n all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a will_v not_o press_v it_o so_o close_o but_o there_o will_v be_v some_o interstitia_fw-la between_o the_o rundle_n and_o the_o basis_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n into_o which_o the_o water_n will_v creep_v and_o so_o undermine_v and_o drive_v up_o the_o rundle_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n by_o a_o ascend_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n which_o ascend_v pressure_n be_v nevertheless_o wrought_v and_o effect_v first_o by_o a_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n round_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rundle_n and_o so_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o balance_n overweigh_a the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n and_o thereupon_o necessary_o weigh_v it_o up_o 2._o if_o the_o rundle_n be_v close_o fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o viscous_a or_o glutinous_a or_o thick_a oily_a matter_n that_o the_o water_n can_v get_v under_o it_o the_o rundle_n will_v not_o rise_v upon_o this_o double_a account_n 1._o because_o that_o adhere_a oil_n by_o the_o mutual_a adhesion_n to_o the_o rundle_n and_o base_a render_v the_o rundle_n consequential_o and_o effective_o and_o extrinsecal_o heavy_a by_o its_o adhesion_n than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n whereby_o the_o water_n can_v raise_v it_o but_o 2._o and_o principal_o because_o the_o interpose_a viscous_a oil_n do_v obstruct_v the_o migration_n or_o insinuation_n of_o the_o water_n between_o the_o rundle_n and_o basis_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o so_o it_o can_v get_v under_o it_o to_o drive_v it_o up_o but_o stand_v now_o as_o one_o common_a fix_a base_a of_o the_o vessel_n unite_v to_o the_o true_a base_a thereof_o 3._o if_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n suppose_v of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o the_o rundle_n of_o light_n wood_n be_v 4_o inch_n diameter_n and_o so_o overlap_v the_o orifice_n the_o rundle_n will_v not_o rise_v because_o the_o water_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o care_n imaginable_a will_v creep_v under_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rundle_n and_o discharge_v itself_o gradual_o through_o the_o hole_n for_o the_o water_n have_v never_o so_o little_a passage_n through_o the_o pertuse_n or_o hole_n though_o not_o commensurate_a to_o the_o 40th_o part_n of_o its_o amplitude_n will_v contend_v and_o press_v that_o way_n and_o so_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o rundle_n that_o lie_v in_o its_o way_n by_o its_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la to_o that_o orifice_n where_o it_o find_v never_o so_o little_a vent_n that_o it_o may_v discharge_v itself_o for_o the_o water_n press_v upon_o and_o through_o the_o orifice_n do_v necessary_o press_v upon_o the_o interpose_a rundle_n 4._o and_o if_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n can_v be_v keep_v so_o close_o to_o the_o bottom_n either_o by_o its_o own_o exquisite_a smoothness_n which_o be_v hardly_o possible_a or_o by_o any_o viscous_a oil_n or_o by_o any_o fixation_n to_o the_o bottom_n or_o base_a of_o the_o vessel_n now_o it_o stand_v as_o one_o common_a base_a to_o the_o water_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v and_o be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o explicate_v the_o phaenomenon_n for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o continue_v solid_a base_n to_o the_o vessel_n unmoved_a and_o unmoveable_a by_o the_o water_n and_o this_o upon_o more_o than_o one_o trial_n i_o find_v true_a and_o when_o due_o weigh_v it_o make_v nothing_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o remarker_n hypothesis_n or_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o my_o supposition_n in_o the_o essay_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o do_v more_o distinct_o and_o clear_o explicate_v the_o phaenomenon_n remark_n x._o the_o adequate_a reason_n be_v true_o give_v by_o i_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v excessive_o strong_a or_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n it_o will_v not_o break_v because_o the_o internal_a water_n bear_v as_o strong_o against_o the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n as_o that_o can_v downward_o against_o it_o as_o we_o see_v in_o make_v new_a cut_n and_o river_n if_o there_o be_v a_o river_n with_o a_o small_a or_o weak_a bank_n on_o its_o south_n side_n and_o another_o cut_n of_o water_n be_v make_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o slender_a bank_n the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n will_v not_o break_v the_o bank_n for_o the_o adjacent_a cut_n fill_v with_o water_n strengthen_v the_o bank_n by_o its_o renitence_n but_o if_o the_o cutt_n be_v empty_a of_o water_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n will_v break_v because_o the_o conterminous_a air_n be_v not_o of_o strength_n enough_o to_o balance_v it_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass-bottle_n of_o themselves_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o protect_v they_o and_o the_o include_v air_n capable_a of_o compression_n by_o the_o heavy_a element_n of_o water_n it_o want_v strength_n to_o protect_v it_o and_o so_o break_v but_o as_o for_o the_o air_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n when_o under_o water_n i_o have_v observe_v enough_o before_o of_o the_o vanity_n of_o that_o reason_n and_o the_o ensue_a remark_n will_v give_v i_o occasion_n to_o reinforce_v it_o remark_n xi_o if_o the_o remarker_n have_v be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o both_o the_o tract_n upon_o which_o he_o remark_n and_o be_v of_o infallible_a truth_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n in_o this_o instance_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v never_o secundum_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la but_o secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la much_o of_o this_o remark_n may_v have_v be_v spare_v and_o the_o censure_n of_o absurdity_n will_v have_v be_v reserve_v to_o better_a purpose_n for_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n of_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n must_v be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a water_n of_o equal_a height_n and_o length_n to_o that_o in_o the_o tube_n and_o if_o the_o height_n be_v less_o though_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v more_o it_o will_v not_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o this_o motion_n remark_n xii_o xiii_o i_o come_v to_o the_o instance_n which_o i_o call_v the_o valve_n he_o call_v the_o obturaculum_fw-la i_o have_v give_v my_o reason_n of_o that_o phaenomenon_n why_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la will_v not_o subside_o in_o such_o a_o immersion_n into_o water_n this_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o cap._n 6._o nugarum_fw-la pag._n 102_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o observation_n upon_o the_o remark_n which_o be_v this_o in_o effect_n when_o the_o whole_a tube_n with_o its_o valve_n close_v be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o great_a or_o at_o least_o equal_a weight_n to_o the_o whole_a instrument_n and_o of_o equal_a
bulk_n to_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n the_o whole_a engine_n must_v necessary_o swim_v for_o it_o be_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la with_o or_o preponderate_v by_o so_o much_o water_n which_o it_o displace_v by_o its_o immersion_n and_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n no_o other_o than_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a body_n suppose_v a_o cane_n be_v of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o bottom_n fill_v about_o a_o inch_n with_o lead_n and_o then_o 11_o inch_n with_o water_n and_o the_o rest_n with_o air_n and_o suppose_v the_o whole_a cane_n be_v light_a than_o the_o like_a bulk_n of_o water_n so_o that_o a_o mole_n of_o water_n countervail_v 12_o inch_n of_o this_o cylinder_n will_v counterpoise_v it_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o this_o cylinder_n must_v swim_v perpendiculary_a and_o erect_v in_o the_o water_n at_o a_o immersion_n of_o twelve_o inch_n for_o the_o water_n bear_v against_o its_o basis_n must_v necessary_o sustain_v it_o at_o that_o height_n and_o perfect_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v that_o which_o keep_v up_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la by_o press_v against_o it_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o now_o be_v as_o it_o be_v one_o common_a piece_n of_o the_o whole_a latin_a cylinder_n or_o valve_n and_o this_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o its_o sustentation_n but_o the_o remarker_n have_v give_v we_o another_o kind_n of_o solution_n which_o if_o i_o understand_v aright_o be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o in_o this_o instance_n the_o air_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n be_v in_o the_o latin_a cube_n below_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o principium_fw-la hylarchicum_n to_o rescue_v it_o from_o this_o inconvenience_n draw_v up_o the_o air_n and_o drive_v down_o the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o therewith_o draw_v and_o drive_v up_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la which_o by_o the_o abituriency_n as_o it_o be_v call_v of_o the_o air_n be_v sustain_v and_o as_o a_o strong_a proof_n hereof_o it_o be_v say_v both_o in_o the_o remark_n and_o in_o the_o enchiridion_n metaphysicum_fw-la that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v near_o the_o sucker_n or_o obturaculum_fw-la it_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v sustain_v because_o now_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v not_o concern_v in_o the_o abiturience_n of_o the_o air_n thus_o separate_v from_o it_o by_o the_o interpose_a obstruction_n this_o i_o call_v a_o obscure_a solution_n and_o have_v i_o then_o search_v into_o it_o as_o i_o have_v do_v since_o i_o shall_v have_v style_v it_o a_o mistake_a solution_n for_o so_o it_o be_v 1._o i_o do_v not_o understand_v how_o the_o air_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n when_o it_o fill_v the_o tube_n below_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n any_o more_o than_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o steeple_n the_o air_n on_o either_o side_n reach_v below_o the_o fund_z of_o the_o vessel_n it_o may_v be_v 40_o yard_n be_v out_o of_o his_o place_n because_o the_o bucket_n of_o water_n stand_v above_o it_o 2._o neither_o do_v i_o understand_v how_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n be_v concern_v to_o fetch_v up_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o water_n into_o the_o tube_n but_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o plain_a statical_a necessity_n and_o the_o relative_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n 3._o be_v it_o in_o his_o place_n or_o out_o of_o his_o place_n if_o the_o instance_n give_v by_o the_o remarker_n of_o the_o fall_n off_o of_o the_o valve_n or_o obturaculum_fw-la when_o another_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v interpose_v be_v as_o true_a as_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v there_o may_v have_v some_o relief_n thereby_o be_v give_v to_o the_o solution_n which_o i_o call_v obscure_a but_o most_o plain_o it_o be_v not_o true_a and_o by_o frequent_a trial_n i_o have_v find_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o interpose_a stop_v a_o little_a above_o the_o sucker_n or_o obturaculum_fw-la the_o obturaculum_fw-la will_v continue_v suspend_v as_o well_o as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o interpose_a stoppage_n i_o take_v a_o latin_a tube_n of_o two_o foot_n five_o inch_n long_o and_o one_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n diameter_n with_o its_o valve_n and_o obturaculum_fw-la close_o fit_v each_o to_o other_o but_o so_o as_o with_o its_o own_o weight_n the_o obturaculum_fw-la will_v subside_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n weigh_v 12_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 9_o d_o weight_n i_o stop_v the_o tube_n within_o less_o than_o ah_o inch_n above_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la with_o cork_n so_o every_o way_n encompass_v with_o a_o strong_a cement_n that_o all_o possible_a intercourse_n between_o the_o superior_a air_n and_o the_o low_a brazen_a obturaculum_fw-la be_v entire_o stop_v the_o valve_n or_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v put_v up_o and_o the_o tube_n immerse_v into_o a_o full_a vessel_n of_o water_n subside_v to_o 18_o inch_n depth_n and_o thereby_o drive_v over_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n equal_a in_o weight_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o equal_a in_o bulk_n or_o mole_n to_o the_o 18_o inch_n of_o the_o engine_n immerse_v in_o the_o water_n and_o all_o this_o while_n the_o obturaculum_fw-la stick_v fast_o i_o therefore_o gentle_o raise_v the_o engine_n till_o it_o come_v within_o 5_o or_o 6_o inch_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o it_o continue_v sustain_v till_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la counterpoise_v a_o column_n of_o water_n commensurate_n in_o weight_n unto_o it_o and_o so_o long_a the_o obturaculum_fw-la continue_v suspend_v but_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v lift_v high_a so_o that_o the_o aequipondium_fw-la between_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la and_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n be_v lose_v than_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la fall_v down_o as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o valve_n that_o have_v no_o such_o interpose_a obstruction_n this_o be_v the_o event_n of_o this_o experiment_n often_o make_v and_o will_v doubtless_o fall_v out_o upon_o any_o other_o man_n trial_n if_o it_o be_v careful_o and_o sober_o put_v in_o ure_n only_o this_o must_v be_v remember_v if_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v not_o very_o true_a and_o exact_a but_o that_o the_o water_n come_v in_o considerable_o between_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la and_o the_o valve_n the_o obturaculum_fw-la will_v fall_v off_o after_o a_o little_a while_n at_o least_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o unstopped_a tube_n describe_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o nugae_fw-la partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o laxness_n of_o its_o adhesion_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o water_n get_v in_o above_o the_o low_a obturaculum_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v remember_v also_o that_o though_o there_o be_v the_o great_a care_n imaginable_a use_v if_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la be_v so_o lax_n as_o to_o fall_v from_o the_o valve_n in_o the_o open_a air_n though_o it_o be_v so_o close_o as_o to_o stick_v together_o in_o the_o water_n the_o water_n will_v creep_v between_o the_o fissure_v of_o the_o obturaculum_fw-la and_o the_o valve_n with_o a_o force_n if_o it_o have_v any_o room_n to_o receive_v it_o and_o whether_o even_o that_o very_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o through_o that_o fissure_v may_v for_o a_o while_n contribute_v to_o the_o bear_n up_o of_o the_o valve_n as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n cover_v the_o orifice_n in_o the_o base_a it_o contribute_v to_o the_o keep_n down_o of_o the_o rundle_n may_v be_v considerable_a but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o receive_v too_o much_o water_n it_o press_v the_o obturaculum_fw-la the_o more_o downward_o and_o thereby_o in_o time_n weaken_v the_o adhesion_n thereof_o and_o now_o what_o part_n have_v this_o spiritus_fw-la naturae_fw-la to_o act_n in_o this_o case_n i_o shall_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o remark_n upon_o which_o so_o great_a a_o stress_n be_v lay_v to_o prove_v the_o hylarchical_a principle_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o sustain_v the_o obturaculum_fw-la by_o evocate_a the_o air_n and_o its_o ready_a obsequious_a abituriency_n to_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o obscure_a as_o a_o mistake_a solution_n and_o bottom_v upon_o a_o mistake_a experiment_n remark_n fourteen_o in_o this_o remark_n the_o author_n be_v pleasant_a with_o his_o hylarchical_a principle_n attribute_v to_o it_o a_o pretty_a kind_n of_o intelligence_n only_o where_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o pulp_n not_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o finger_n that_o feel_v the_o monition_n of_o the_o hylarchical_a principle_n it_o be_v certain_o both_o for_o the_o pulp_n can_v be_v attract_v unless_o the_o intervening_a skin_n be_v attract_v
than_o once_o answer_v which_o i_o think_v be_v do_v in_o my_o observation_n upon_o remark_n 17_o etc._n etc._n then_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o argument_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n and_o so_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v repugnancy_n in_o what_o be_v say_v by_o a_o problem_n that_o deserve_v more_o discussion_n than_o the_o argument_n in_o hand_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n wherein_o i_o have_v nevertheless_o express_v my_o thought_n touch_v it_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o the_o remarker_n imagine_v or_o conceive_v against_o the_o cohesion_n of_o grosser_n body_n by_o the_o tension_n of_o light_a body_n but_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o be_v evident_a to_o my_o sense_n and_o so_o may_v any_o that_o will_v give_v his_o sense_n leave_v free_o to_o determine_v without_o stifle_v they_o by_o notion_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v as_o plain_a a_o cohesion_n in_o the_o magdeburgh_n hemisphere_n yea_o and_o in_o the_o torricellian_a engine_n as_o there_o be_v between_o thing_n fasten_v each_o to_o other_o by_o a_o string_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v so_o over-ready_o change_v the_o conviction_n of_o my_o sense_n for_o a_o notion_n or_o conception_n assert_v and_o magnify_v but_o not_o prove_v but_o to_o infer_v that_o because_o water_n which_o be_v above_o 900_o time_n crasser_n than_o air_n be_v not_o compressible_a to_o a_o sensible_a small_a room_n by_o a_o great_a weight_n therefore_o a_o portion_n of_o subtle_a matter_n can_v be_v extract_v out_o of_o it_o or_o mercury_n with_o so_o small_a a_o weight_n as_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n or_o that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o water_n or_o mercury_n which_o be_v as_o subtle_a as_o air_n can_v be_v expanded_a by_o a_o less_o weight_n than_o water_n compress_v into_o a_o sensible_a narrow_a room_n seem_v hard_a illation_n and_o very_o inconsequential_a for_o we_o see_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o man_n hand_n will_v expand_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n to_o near_a a_o double_a extension_n remark_n xxxiv_o i_o do_v prove_v the_o attraction_n of_o tensed_a body_n by_o the_o plain_a evidence_n of_o sense_n and_o i_o assign_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o the_o end_n thereof_o and_o the_o supreme_a efficient_a cause_n thereof_o to_o be_v the_o most_o wise_a and_o powerful_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o immediate_a effective_a cause_n that_o institute_v law_n that_o he_o have_v place_v in_o thing_n natural_a the_o immediate_a instrumental_a cause_n in_o many_o motion_n that_o be_v not_o primitive_a in_o their_o subject_n to_o be_v from_o the_o singular_a disposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n &_o their_o admirable_a mechanical_a adaptation_n each_o to_o other_o and_o as_o to_o the_o vicarious_a spirit_n of_o nature_n as_o a_o distinct_a incorporeal_a subsistence_n when_o the_o author_n have_v give_v we_o better_a proof_n thereof_o than_o the_o suspending_a of_o mercury_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n the_o drive_v up_o a_o rundle_n of_o light_a wood_n by_o the_o water_n and_o potentia_fw-la attractiva_fw-la of_o the_o embolus_fw-la of_o the_o air-pump_n and_o such_o like_a petty_a instance_n together_o with_o his_o bare_a notion_n touch_v it_o it_o may_v possible_o obtain_v a_o better_a entertainment_n than_o yet_o i_o find_v it_o do_v at_o least_o with_o i_o remark_n xxxv_o this_o instance_n in_o the_o bladder_n and_o cupping-glass_n be_v pass_v over_o in_o this_o remark_n very_o light_o and_o it_o be_v necessary_a so_o to_o be_v deal_v with_o because_o too_o troublesome_a to_o be_v explicate_v otherwise_o than_o by_o tension_n and_o attraction_n and_o it_o will_v require_v a_o admirable_a process_n in_o the_o hylarchical_a principle_n to_o effect_v this_o and_o some_o proof_n beside_o single_a notion_n and_o conception_n of_o such_o explication_n by_o such_o a_o principle_n remark_n xxxvi_o the_o instance_n here_o give_v have_v put_v the_o remarker_n to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o find_v a_o solution_n for_o it_o and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o for_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o attraction_n be_v confident_o say_v to_o be_v full_o confute_v though_o it_o be_v only_o so_o say_v but_o not_o so_o do_v but_o yet_o the_o hylarchical_a principle_n be_v at_o length_n furnish_v with_o a_o hylostatical_a libration_n and_o hylostatical_a power_n of_o union_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o water_n air_n and_o glass_n and_o at_o this_o rate_n i_o confess_v there_o will_v never_o want_v a_o ready_a solution_n to_o any_o difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v but_o assert_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n be_v furnish_v with_o that_o effectual_a power_n and_o the_o knot_n be_v untie_v or_o cut_v though_o there_o be_v not_o a_o syllable_n of_o proof_n offer_v for_o it_o but_o it_o be_v only_o graff_v on_o to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o assertor_n to_o accommodate_v the_o hypothesis_n remark_n xxxvii_o i_o refer_v myself_o to_o what_o be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o remark_n there_o need_v not_o be_v say_v more_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n imprint_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o physical_a being_n by_o his_o almighty_a fiat_n and_o though_o as_o to_o particular_a being_n he_o have_v substitute_v particular_a active_a principle_n usual_o call_v essential_a and_o vital_a form_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o universe_n itself_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v too_o great_a a_o empire_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o vicariat_fw-la hand_n of_o that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v the_o spirit_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a god_n that_o give_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v sufficient_a without_o such_o a_o substitute_n and_o be_v only_o sufficient_a for_o the_o regiment_n of_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v also_o to_o remark_n 38._o we_o be_v not_o dispute_v whether_o such_o a_o spirit_n of_o nature_n be_v possible_a to_o be_v but_o whether_o the_o facto_fw-la it_o be_v or_o not_o or_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o as_o to_o those_o motion_n which_o have_v so_o evident_a explication_n from_o other_o principle_n remark_n thirty-nine_o herein_o we_o differ_v not_o as_o to_o the_o reject_v of_o the_o great_a elasticity_n of_o the_o air._n remark_n xl._o i_o confess_v when_o i_o read_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o remark_n i_o hope_v to_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o instance_n remark_v upon_o as_o will_v be_v close_a and_o clear_a because_o this_o instance_n bear_v so_o hard_a against_o most_o of_o what_o the_o remarker_n have_v before_o affirm_v but_o i_o be_v deceive_v herein_o in_o this_o instance_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n hemisphere_n these_o thing_n be_v most_o evident_a to_o any_o man_n sense_n 1._o that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v certain_o expanded_a and_o rarefy_a by_o the_o heat_n beyond_o its_o natural_a size_n 2._o that_o while_o they_o be_v so_o hot_a and_o the_o air_n so_o expanded_a and_o lax_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o cohere_v 3._o that_o as_o they_o grow_v cold_a they_o do_v most_o evident_o cohere_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v divulse_v without_o a_o considerable_a strength_n 4._o that_o most_o necessary_o as_o the_o include_v air_n grow_v cold_a and_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o expansion_n decay_n so_o the_o air_n must_v needs_o endeavour_v its_o restitution_n to_o its_o natural_a dimension_n by_o contract_v itself_o inward_a to_o its_o natural_a size_n 5._o and_o yet_o if_o it_o have_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o again_o give_v a_o more_o lax_n state_n to_o the_o include_v air_n the_o cohesion_n will_v cease_v and_o the_o hemisphere_n fall_v asunder_o 6._o and_o as_o the_o remarker_n confess_v and_o the_o most_o clear_a evidence_n of_o sense_n evince_v those_o phaenomena_n be_v not_o wrought_v nor_o indeed_o possible_a to_o be_v wrought_v either_o by_o the_o weight_n pressure_n or_o elasticity_n of_o the_o external_a air_n as_o the_o elaterist_n will_v have_v it_o the_o consequence_n of_o all_o which_o be_v that_o certain_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n can_v lead_v we_o the_o air_n be_v rarefy_v by_o the_o heat_n and_o as_o the_o heat_n decay_v the_o air_n endeavour_v its_o own_o contraction_n and_o there_o necessary_o follow_v even_o to_o our_o sense_n a_o attraction_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n whereby_o they_o cohere_v and_o that_o cohesion_n will_v continue_v till_o relax_v by_o another_o accession_n of_o heat_n or_o admission_n of_o more_o air._n but_o now_o what_o do_v the_o remark_n propound_v in_o this_o instance_n marry_o a_o hylostatical_a spirit_n which_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la nata_fw-la work_v these_o various_a phaenomena_n which_o be_v only_o a_o conjecture_n and_o have_v no_o evidence_n to_o prove_v it_o
beside_o notion_n or_o imagination_n but_o the_o method_n of_o the_o effect_v it_o by_o this_o hylostatical_a spirit_n be_v more_o admirable_a though_o it_o be_v pleasant_o offer_v that_o thereby_o all_o go_v off_o glib_o and_o it_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o hylostatical_a spirit_n find_v the_o subtlety_n of_o matter_n imprison_v in_o a_o undue_a place_n between_o the_o hemisphere_n present_o make_v up_o a_o occasional_a gravitation_n or_o elasticity_n in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o squeeze_v out_o the_o include_v subtle_a matter_n and_o give_v it_o liberty_n and_o thereby_o press_v the_o hemisphere_n together_o and_o so_o in_o this_o glib_a hypothesis_n the_o remark_n do_v two_o thing_n viz._n 1._o it_o create_v a_o weight_n or_o elasticity_n in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n pro_fw-la re_fw-la nata_fw-la which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n contrary_a to_o all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o deliver_v against_o the_o weight_n or_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n so_o it_o have_v this_o disadvantage_n as_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o incredible_a than_o the_o common_a supposition_n of_o the_o elaterist_n and_o indeed_o little_o less_o than_o miraculous_a and_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o conatus_fw-la of_o this_o hylostatical_a spirit_n to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o and_o mere_o frustraneous_a unless_o by_o such_o a_o admirable_a condensation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n it_o can_v break_v the_o brazen_a rib_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o make_v the_o prison_n the_o strong_a i_o must_v confess_v this_o fetch_v go_v not_o down_o so_o easy_o with_o i_o nor_o i_o believe_v with_o many_o more_o remark_n xli_o i_o come_v to_o the_o remark_n upon_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o glass-pump_n wherein_o i_o attribute_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o traction_n make_v by_o the_o tensed_a air_n in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o pump_n and_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o the_o extraction_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o after_o iterate_a evacuation_n of_o the_o water_n by_o that_o suction_n or_o traction_n no_o more_o will_v rise_v to_o be_v because_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n have_v undergo_v as_o great_a a_o tension_n or_o dilatation_n as_o a_o pump_n of_o that_o length_n can_v give_v it_o these_o thing_n i_o must_v observe_v touch_v this_o pump_n 1._o the_o length_n of_o the_o shank_n or_o pump_n if_o self_n above_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o much_o above_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o the_o embolus_fw-la proportionable_a thereunto_o if_o it_o have_v be_v long_o the_o attractive_a force_n must_v have_v be_v great_a and_o will_v probable_o have_v give_v a_o strong_a traction_n and_o consequent_o a_o great_a expansion_n tension_n or_o rarefaction_n to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n 2._o that_o in_o this_o instance_n here_o be_v no_o misplace_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o author_n build_v much_o of_o the_o activity_n of_o his_o hylarchical_a principle_n in_o divers_a of_o his_o remark_n for_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n and_o in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o pump_n be_v both_o above_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n and_o here_o the_o author_n after_o some_o recourse_n to_o the_o impossibility_n of_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n which_o he_o so_o often_o inculcate_n give_v we_o his_o solution_n return_v to_o the_o activity_n of_o the_o hylostatical_a principle_n which_o because_o the_o subtle_a matter_n misplace_v invigorate_v the_o external_a air_n to_o do_v something_o in_o this_o business_n but_o tell_v we_o not_o express_o what_o or_o how_o in_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v find_v what_o be_v mean_v only_o he_o tell_v we_o two_o thing_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a so_o heavy_a a_o body_n as_o water_n shall_v rise_v so_o high_a into_o so_o extreme_a a_o thin_a body_n in_o the_o glass_n and_o that_o without_o fresh_a air_n succeed_v 2._o that_o the_o embolus_fw-la that_o at_o the_o first_o pump_v overcome_v the_o consistence_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v as_o reasonable_o overcome_v it_o still_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v he_o be_v now_o please_v to_o admit_v a_o intrinsic_a gravity_n in_o the_o water_n which_o render_v it_o unwilling_a to_o ascend_v but_o beside_o according_a to_o the_o author_n assertion_n in_o his_o remark_n the_o more_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v pervade_v the_o glass_n if_o that_o be_v true_a there_o will_v be_v supplemental_a subtle_a air_n at_o least_o to_o supply_v the_o evacuation_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n as_o to_o the_o second_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o plain_a to_o our_o very_a sense_n than_o that_o any_o extendible_a or_o tensible_a body_n till_o it_o be_v break_v do_v more_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o first_o attempt_n of_o its_o extension_n which_o yet_o with_o more_o difficulty_n succeed_v afterward_o as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o air-pump_n and_o a_o lutestring_n which_o be_v a_o instance_n i_o frequent_o use_v i_o confess_v but_o it_o explain_v my_o meaning_n so_o that_o this_o remark_n conclude_v nothing_o against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v in_o relation_n to_o my_o glass-pump_n nor_o to_o evidence_n the_o interposition_n therein_o of_o the_o suppose_a hylarchical_a principle_n remark_n xliii_o xliv_o xlv_o xlvi_o before_o i_o come_v to_o my_o observation_n upon_o these_o remark_n it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o give_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o glass-pump_n that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o refer_v myself_o to_o the_o figure_n thereof_o describe_v in_o the_o nugae_fw-la fig._n 21._o the_o whole_a length_n from_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o embolus_fw-la to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass-globe_n be_v near_o 21_o inch_n whereof_o the_o embolus_fw-la reach_v to_o d_o near_o as_o low_a as_o h_n where_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v pump_v out_o be_v about_o 8_o inch_n from_o h_n to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o glass_n near_o 4_o inch_n from_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o about_o 9_o inch_n which_o be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o globular_a glass_n the_o continue_a pipe_n of_o the_o pump_n be_v less_o run_v into_o the_o glass_n about_o 7_o inch_n and_o so_o at_o e_o opening_z and_o end_v about_o 2_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o globular_a glass_n consequent_o from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o sucker_n at_o d_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o globular_a glass_n about_o 8_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o 9_o inch_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pump_n itself_o near_o two_o inch_n diameter_n or_o thereabouts_o so_o that_o the_o air_n between_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o embolus_fw-la and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v a_o cylinder_n of_o near_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o about_o 4_o inch_n long_o by_o the_o tension_n whereof_o the_o water_n in_o half_a the_o glass_n be_v by_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o raise_v the_o other_o and_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o glass_n contain_v the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n which_o contain_v about_o 5_o pint_n which_o be_v more_o than_o twenty_o time_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n between_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o embolus_fw-la and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n i_o say_v by_o iterate_a pumping_n i_o draw_v out_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n which_o make_v the_o water_n subside_o in_o the_o low_a half_o of_o the_o bottle_n above_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o consequent_o the_o air_n in_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a so_o that_o now_o it_o contain_v about_o 7_o pint_n of_o air_n after_o which_o it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o great_a expansion_n by_o my_o small_a pump_n the_o engine_n itself_o be_v more_o punctual_o describe_v in_o the_o 19_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o nugae_fw-la but_o the_o dimension_n not_o so_o full_o mention_v there_o as_o here_o this_o instance_n i_o use_v as_o a_o evidence_n to_o prove_v the_o attraction_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o tension_n of_o that_o little_a portion_n of_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pump_n and_o the_o sequaciousness_n of_o the_o water_n to_o relieve_v that_o tension_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o mundana_fw-la materia_fw-la which_o in_o these_o remark_n be_v oppose_v by_o my_o learned_a antagonist_n and_o the_o instance_n be_v oppose_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v tend_v from_o 7_o to_o 5_o whereas_o the_o air_n in_o the_o pump_n be_v tend_v from_o 1_o to_o 5_o space_n at_o least_o which_o be_v say_v be_v a_o evidence_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o tension_n for_o if_o
there_o be_v the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n will_v receive_v a_o great_a tension_n than_o from_o 5_o to_o 7_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o pump_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v tend_v from_o 1_o to_o 5_o which_o be_v ever_o proportionate_a to_o the_o tension_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n but_o sure_o this_o be_v a_o objection_n of_o no_o force_n for_o apparent_a reason_n though_o the_o expansion_n of_o 5_o to_o 7_o be_v not_o in_o proportion_n the_o same_o with_o the_o expansion_n from_o 1_o to_o 5_o yet_o such_o a_o proportion_n need_v not_o nor_o indeed_o be_v possible_a in_o this_o case_n for_o as_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v above_o 20_o time_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o pump_n so_o such_o a_o expansion_n serve_v its_o turn_n as_o may_v make_v good_a the_o space_n that_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o evacuated_a water_n which_o be_v no_o more_o but_o one_o quart_n the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n can_v receive_v no_o great_a 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libration_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o air_n itself_o in_o its_o just_a size_n and_o consistency_n of_o gross_a and_o subtle_a matter_n as_o be_v above_o observe_v break_v that_o order_n that_o it_o be_v place_v there_o to_o conserve_v for_o it_o take_v too_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o subtle_a matter_n from_o the_o common_a external_a air_n which_o be_v due_a to_o it_o and_o crowd_n it_o into_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o have_v already_o more_o or_o at_o least_o as_o much_o as_o belong_v to_o it_o 2._o it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o such_o a_o current_n of_o subtle_a matter_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v into_o the_o pump_n even_o to_o the_o last_o drop_n for_o here_o be_v a_o perpetual_a spring_n and_o supply_v of_o subtle_a matter_n strain_v every_o where_o through_o the_o glass_n into_o the_o air_n or_o airy_a space_n that_o be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o no_o fear_n of_o any_o vacuum_n to_o ensue_v by_o the_o pass_v away_o of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v to_o use_v the_o author_n word_n as_o glib_o pass_v to_o the_o last_o drop_n as_o at_o the_o first_o which_o be_v evident_o contrary_a to_o experience_n this_o circular_a gravitation_n therefore_o be_v but_o a_o supplemental_a invention_n to_o help_v the_o flaw_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o hylarchical_a principle_n as_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n remark_n xlvii_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v say_v any_o thing_n upon_o this_o remark_n for_o herein_o we_o be_v very_o much_o agree_v and_o he_o use_v i_o and_o my_o book_n with_o much_o civility_n and_o be_v please_v to_o contribute_v his_o own_o learned_a observation_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o the_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v not_o spend_v many_o word_n touch_v the_o conclusion_n