he includes two principall offices of a Physitian for a disease proceeds either from too much emptinesse or from too much fulnesse The first whereof is cured by adding what is wanting end the latter by taking away that which exceedes Galen calls physicke a science of the healthfull unhealthfull and neuters which are neither well nor can properly be said to be sicke and this is made good three waies as the body as the cause and as the signe that body is counted healthfull that enjoyes his perfect health that cause is healthfull that procures health and is the meanes of preserving it The healthfull signe doth show or indicate the present health the unhealthfull body is affected with a disease which is generated by an unhealthfull cause and the manner and greatnesse of the griefe is showne by the unhealthfull signe a body is said to be neither healthfull nor sicke when it is as it were declining and cannot be said to be perfectly well nor altogether sicke But the more vulgar and common definition of physicke is this Physicke is an art which preserves health in the sound and restores it to the sicke and preserves the neuters that are neither well nor sicke and from hence it is said to be an art of things naturall not naturall and against nature the former were according to the theory these are according to the practique Things naturall doe agree with our nature and are those things whereof our body is compacted and made and are in number seven viz. Elements Temperaments Humours Members Faculties Operations and Spirits Things not naturall are those meane and indifferent things whereby the body is preserved in health and are six in number Aire Meate and Drinke Sleepe and Watching Labour and Rest Fulnesse and Emptinesse or repletion and inanition and perturbations of the minde Things against nature are those that doe destroy our health and are of three sorts A Disease the cause of a Disease and a Symptome Hereby you may understand the two parts of Physicke Theoricke and Practique and by the Theoricke know every disease and the quality thereof and by the Practique to preserve health and cure a disease by the due administration of things not naturall and by removing of those that are against nature Things naturall and which properly belong to the constitution of our body are as I said before in number seven Elements Temperaments Humours Members Faculties Actions Spirits whereto are annexed Sex Colour Composure Time or season Region Vocation of life CHAPTER I. Of Elements An Element what it is AN Element is the most least and simple portion whereof any thing is made and in the destruction thereof is lastly resolved which to say plainely the foure first and simple bodies which accommodate and subject themselves to the generation of all manner of things be the mixture perfect or imperfect Thus Aristotle called the Heaven an Element counting five parts of the world Heaven Fire Aire Water and Earth Of Elements we reckon foure whereof two are grosse and heavy and move downewards as Earth and Water and two are light and strive upwards as Fire and Aire Earth is a simple body whose naturall place is the center of the universe in which it naturally remaines solid and still round as an apple in the middle whereof as the antient Philosopher writes is the pit of hell like as the blacke kernels lyeth in the midst of the apple and at the day of doome when all things shal be renewed then shall this Element be made a thousand fold more transparent and brighter then the Christall or any pretious Stone that they that are in the bitter paines of hell to their encrease of torment shall through it behold the blisfull joyes of heaven which will be more paine to them then all the torments of hell Earth is of nature cold and dry Water is also a simple body whose naturall place is to compas the earth it is light in respect of the earth but heavie in respect of the fire and aire therefore Reolanus saith that the earth holds the lowest part because of it's heavinesse and the fire because it is absolutly light hath the highest place the aire and water because they are as it were equally heavie or light have the middle place water being heavier then the ayre lighter then the earth the nature of water is cold and moist Aire is a simple body whose naturall place is above the Water and under the Fire and is by nature hot and moist Fire is also a simple body whose naturall place is above all the elementary parts because it is a hollow superficies of the Heavens and by its absolute lightnesse striveth upward even to Heaven its nature is hot dry these are so contrary in nature that they cannot be joined without a meane which is a temperament which fals out next to be treated of CHAP. II. Of Temperaments What is a Temperament A Temperament therefore is a concord or mixture of the former disagreeing elements or a mixture of hot cold moist and drie Of these temperaments which are in number nine eight are called distemperate and one temperate The temperate is also devided either to temperature of weight or temperature of justice but we call it not a temperature to weight wherein the elements are mingled by a like heape or weight but where it is exquisitely made temperate by the equall mixture of the foure first qualities wherein no quality exceeds but wherein all equality is included and that as if it were put in a ballance it drawes downe neither to this nor that parte Secundum justitiam A temperament to justice is that which is conveniently temperate to the vse that nature hath appointed and destinated it therefore all those things that have taken from nature a mixture of the elements though unequall yet agreeable to motion and use are called temperaments secundum justitiam as if wee see any living creature that performes the functions of nature aptly and as is ought to doe we say he hath a temperament secundum justitiam according to justice The distemperate temperament is double simple and compound the simple wherin one only quality exceeds the other two contemperate as hot cold moist dry hot in which the heate hath the dominion over the cold the moist and drie being temperate cold in which the cold excels the heate the other two being temperate The compound in which two qualities exceed and this is hot and moist or hot and drie cold and moist or cold and drie for the first qualities may be joyned within themselves six manner of waies but heate cannot be joyned with cold nor moisture with drinesse because they are in themselves contrary neither can they remaine together in one subject Heere may be added the temperatures of the seasons of the yeere which are four Spring Summer Autumn and Winter and are in nature hot cold moist and drie Spring The Spring is the most temperate as being neither too cold and moist
Aquarius â™’ The eleventh signe Aquarius raigneth in Ianuary and hath the name of the water-man forasmuch as Saint Iohn Bâ—ptist baptised our Saviour in the flood of Iordan to beginne to institute the new law of Baptisme and end the old law of Circumcision Whosoever is borne in this signe shâ—ll be negligent and lose his goods and shall be carelesse in his course of life Pisces ♓ The twelveth signe Pisces raigneth in February and hath the name of fishes forasmuch as Ionas the Prophet was cast into the sea and three daies and three nights lay in the belly of a Whale Whosoever is borne in that signe shall be gratious and happy if he make use of time But note that neither the planets nor the signes wherin they worke do constraine any man to doe good or evill but he may by his owne will and the grace of God doe good although he be disposed to evill after the nature and influence of his planet and on the contrary by his owne evill inclination he may doe evill though by his planet ha be disposed to good Saturnus ♄ Saturne hath the highest place of all the planets which hee compasseth once in thirty yeares and is a planet wicked and an enemy to humane nature a destroyer of life cold drie earthly and is masculine of the day he rules the right eare spleene bladder and bones melancholy humours mixt with flegme he hath dominion over old men solitary stubborne leane covetous and gluttonous persons the greatnesse of his body is 91 times so big as the earth his character is thus ♄ Iupiter ♃ Iupiter ends his course almost in twelve yeares he is a planet benevolent good hot and moist he rules the liver lights lungs arteries bloud and seed and the left eare humours sanguine humble just honest true liberall and rich Persons Prelates and Bishops his character is thus ♃ the greatnesse of his body is 95. times so big as the earth Mars Mars circleth his sphere once in two yeares almost he is a planet hot and drie immoderately governes the gall veines sinewes and stones the humour cholericke disdainefull seditious cruell bold and carelesse persons the greatnesse of his body is once so bigge as the earth and halfe so bigge and an eight part his character is thus ♂ The Sun ☉ Sol the lampe of heaven he passeth through the twelve signes of the Zodiack in three hundred threescore and five daies he giveth life naturall to all things and is a planet moderately hot and drie masculine of the day he rules the braine marrow and joyntes kings princes magistrates and famous persons the greatnesse of his body is 166. times so bigge as the earth his character is thus ☉ Venus ♀ Venus endeth her course as doth the sunne she is a planet feminine of the night cold and moist temperate she rules the throate pappes belly reines matrix and buttocks and humours phlegmatick governeth persons that are meeke pleasant lovers dancers musitians and Poets the greatnesse of her body is the 37 part of the earth her character is thus ♀ Mercury ☿ Mercury maketh his course as the Sun and Venus he is a planet variable unequall good with the good and bad with the bad sometimes masculine of the day and sometimes feminine of the night hot with the hot and cold-with the cold moist with the moist and drie with the drie planets whichsoever he is configured unto he rules the mouth tongue thoughts and memorie devisers of any subtilty or craft crafty deceitfull proud unconstant and lying persons the greatnesse of his body is the 32000. part of the earth his character is this ☿ Luna ☽ Luna the moone makes her passage through the Zodiacke in nine and twenty daies and eight houres and overtakes the Sunne in nine and twenty daies and twelue houres or thereabouts she is a planet naturally cold and moist of the night feminine she is the carrier of the influence of all the planets through her orbe unto us she rules the stomacke tast liver and the left-side she governes noble women widdowes also mariners and vagabondes and humors phlegmatike the greatnesse of her body is the 39. part of the earth her character is thus ☽ It shall be also necessary to consider the place country soyle windes and waters their good effects and their bad the temperature of the climate and the nature of the foure cardinall windes East which is hot and drie West which is cold and moist North which is cold and drie South which is hot and moist These I have the rather insisted upon because I find them so necessary to be knowne and duely considered in the administring of medicines CHAP. III. Of Humours AN humour is whatsoever is moist and liquid in substance into which the nourishment is first converted in the body of living creatures endewed with bloud and is called an humour not because all of them have one and the same force of moistning but because all of them have a fluent substance For choler and melancholy according to Reolanus are drie humours humours because of their liquid consistence and drie because they have the naturall force of drying The humours are the first begotten matter out of the mixture of the four elements choler of fire phlegme of water melancholy of the earth bloud of the aire for it is hot and moist as the aire An humour is either elementary alimentary or excrementitious elementary is the purest parts of the seed alimentary is that which is generated of the nourishment in the body by the native heat and mixed in the veines by the name of bloud but not only bloud for it hath a mixture of the three other humours although the greatest part be bloud and of these are produced the second humours inominata or without name ros dew gluten which is ros condensed and cambion excrementitious which is either profitable and necessary as choler in the gall melancholy in the spleen spittle in the jawes and milke in the dugs or unprofitable as urine sweate excrement of the nose and menstruous blood The alimentary Humour as I have said which is fit to nourish the body is that humour which is contained in the veines and arteries of a man who is temperate and perfectly well in health and is knowne by the generall name of Blood which is let out at the opening of a veine though it be in divers parts of the body unlike and different for the thicke blood which is in the bottome is not an humour but is melancholy blood the light froth that swimmes on the top is not Choller but cholericke blood unlesse it be changed by nature into choller and melancholy which often it is and from the blood is knowne because being out of its vessels it will congeale but the humour never at all for blood otherwise taken is an humour of a certaine kinde destinguished by heat and warmth from the other humours comprehended with it in the whole masse of the blood Blood in
to be cold and moist in the second white and unsavorie for it is made sweete before it is mingled with the bloud and it is evident that sweetnesse proceeds from a moderate heate as bloud sugar hony and the like do shew which are moderately hot but naturall phlegme is cold therfore it may better be termed unsavorie then sweete melancholy in his first qualities is cold and drie in his second black and sharp or sower bloud is hot and moist if it be with other humors it is temperate but in the second qualities it is red and sweet in all foure there ought to be a proportion of chollar least then melancholy then of bloud ought to be most then phlegme and if this proportion faile so that there be either more or lesse of one then ought to be or that one of them fall from its right temper it breeds the originall of almost all diseases which is ill digestion But to returne the unnaturall phlegme as I shewed you is either chaâ—ged in its quality or quantity and of these we count eight kindes according to Avicen whereof foure without the veines viz. Watery that is subtill as water and is found in the spittings of drunken men Secondly mucous or raw wherein are some parts grosse some subtill but when the difference of the parts is so little as it cannot be perceived then it is termed raw Thirdly glassie resembling molten glasse or rather the white of an egge by reason of the stiffenesse and weight and is not properly cold but of a kinde of faint heat Fourthly Gypsea plaisterlike which is concrete into the forme and hardnesse of chalke whose subtle parts are resolved as you see in a knotty goute in the joyntes of the fingers The other foure are within the veines as first acide or sower which hath had none or very little impression of heate more then that it first had in the stomach Secondly salt or adust which is bred by the mixture of choler whose bitternesse is lost by the unsavorinesse of phlegme Thirdly thicke and grosse of sower phlegme by reason of the vehement cold Fourthly stipticke that is not so cold nor grosse as the other Phlegme is of the nature of the three signes of the water Cancer Scorpio and Pisces and is watry cold and moist of consistence liquid of colour white of taste sweete or rather unsavory fit to nourish the braine and all other cold and moist parts to make the bloud temperate and to yeild moistnesse to the joynts It is placed in the body either of necessity or for profit of necessity two waies whereof the first is common the second particular The common is that phlegme which is neerest the members and by which they are nourished when at any time they shall have lost their proper nourishment good blood neither doth it nourish but when it is sent into the bloody veines by the liver the particular is the mingling of it with the blood tempring it and making it fit to nourish the phlegmaticke parts as the braine and nerves for to nourish these a great part or portion of phlegme is required for profit likewise two waies whereof the first is likewise common the other particular the common whereby it makes the blood the more thinne flowing and penetrating the easier to slide through the veines into the members the particular that it may moisten the joynts and members that are most moved in the body least by continuall motion they become dry because every locall motion is a straining and heating and every heate is resolutive and desiccative therefore that the joynts of the bones by continuall motion which is made by the sinewes and muscles should not be over heat dried and consequently made quite unfit for the naturall use and motion nature hath ordained these phlegmaticke humours which as it were distilling out of the veines doe water and moisten them not unlike the oyling the Axel-tree of a Coach without which it would as we see by daily experience be burned into dust but this office of this humour is not profitable nor necessary for every one for infantes and weake impotent people that can neither walke nor worke but sit idle doe not need this moisture but those that labour hard and go much have extraordinary need of it Phlegme maketh a man drowsie dull fat and swollen and hastneth gray haires it abounds most in Winter and in those that incline to old age and is encreased by cold and crude nourishment Choller The next is Choller which is an humour hot and dry of thinne and subtle substance and is as it were a certaine heate and fury of humours which generated in the liver together with the blood is carried by the veines and arteries through the whole body that of it which abounds is sent partly into the guts and partly into the bladder of the gall which is its proper receptacle and is in the hollownesse of the liver or is consumed by transpiration and sweats Choller is devided into two parts naturall and unnaturall Naturall choller The Naturall is as it were the froth of the blood whose colour is of a cleare red turning towards yellow and hath its originall from the more subtill parts of the Chylus Vnnaturall Unnaturall is by infection and commixtion of another humour or by alteration and it is called unnaturall when it is either greene blacke or darke red of colour that kinde of unnaturall Choller which is made by mixture with another humour is called Vittelline Vittelline because in heate and consistence it is like the yolkes of egges and this Avicen thinkes to be made of thicke phlegme mingled with choller but Gallen thinkes it to be only by alteration and a stronger heate destroying the moisture for any humour deprived of its moisture must needs wax thicke and this is the most received opinion for choller waxes pale and cold by the mixture of phlegme These other following are made only by alteration viz. Leeke coloured Leeke-coloured or resembling the juice of a leek in greenes tending towards black which is generated in the ventricle by the crudity of meats and therefore is sometimes called greene phlegme Aeruginous Aeruginous of the collour of Verdigreace tending towards white for according to Avicen it is made of the aforesaid greene being more adust by the ventricle or liver inflamed as bones being burned are first blacke and afterwards turne white it is so hot and biting that it burnes like to hot poison To these we may adde blew Blew choller much like in colour to the herbe Woad that our dyers use and to this also belongs that which is called Skie-coloured Skie-coloured or Sea-greene or Sea-coloured and is the worst of all the humours except blacke choller for it gets so much acrimony by reason of the heat that it corrodes and ulcerates this kinde is generated in the ventricle or neare about it Red Red. choller is improperly called Red being rather blood only this is the difference blood
I seek in this book is to eschew prolixity and because heerin I would not willingly exceed the bounds of a preface making the porch bigger then the house the world daily produceth a sort of criâ—icks that rather will carp at a fault then amend it and regard more the letter then the Authours intent which indeed were lets sufficient to have staied me from publishing any thing had not the reasons aforesaid mightily importuned me hereto for he that sets forth any thing to the world must frame and fashion it just as Solon did his laws frame them rather to the content and willing observation of the vulgar then to the rule of equity and more to satisfie the opinions and fantasies of men then to serve the time For my owne part I have not heerby sought any vaine glory and praise by shewing the manner of compounding and the nature of medicines which I have done more faithfully and more amply then ever any hath done heertofore in English and this is comfort sufficient to me though the world yield me not their approbation that I have done something whereby others may reape profit And if my book chance to come under the censure of the learned all I demand is that if they cannot afford it their good wills and words let them in like manner adventure themselves to be judged by others as I have heer done and thus Reader I end only craving thy favourable acceptation which will encourage me if not to hazard the like again yet at least to amplifie and enlarge the next impression heerof and also to consecrate all my studies only to thy commodity T. B. A Catalogue of such Authours whose helpe I have used in this worke ALbertus magnus Aristoteles Arnoldus de villa nova Avicen Aelius Bartholomeus Banister Baptista porta Bodinus Bayrus Cardanus Co Celsus Clemens Alexandrinus Cornelius Agrippa Dodoneus Fallopius Fernelius Fuchius Galenus Guydo Hippocrates Iesus filius Hall Ioel. Iohannis Lebot Iohannitius Iohannis Vigo Mesue Parreus Paracelsus Petrus Low Philip Barrow Ptolomeus Rasis Reolanus Trallianus Weckerus And divers old Manuscripts both Greeke Latin and English of sundry approved Authours for Iudgement and Practice Hunc Librum perlegi in quo nihil invenio Med. Arti contrarium IOHANNES FRIER 19. May 1640. Imprimatur IO HANSLEY The Marrow of Physick THE most glorious and great Workeman who excels all Wisedome and is beyond all understanding the most potent wise and mercifull Father who is the uniter of all creatures and by whom they have their being who is the most potent and most excellent being before all things and having no need of any thing but being sufficient in himself and remaining in the most unsearchable closet of his Divinity and out of his aboundant goodnesse willing to bring foorth things thought and determined on from all Eternity did in the beginning create a certain essence of things being as it were scarce fashioned into any shape which by some is called the fountain or head from whence all other things flowed by others an empty plot of earth producing nothing at all by others a Chaos by some the mother of the world the foundation of nature but certainly the first he created was four Simples which are the four Elements of one and the same essence or matter but of divers formes or qualities and these as I will shew heerafter more at large are called Fire Water Earth and Aire and out of these he created all the rest that now are both the things that are above and also those beneath us and that for this reason because the creatures intended to be made might be extracted from a certaine root whereby they might multiply and increase in the world Therefore first of all God created the four elements out of which he afterwards created what he pleased to wit divers natures as the elements are divers for if the elements had been made all of one nature then had all creatures been so likewise Now of this first matter he created the Angels which he made only of Fire not of firm substantiall fire for then it must have been necessary that they had eaten drank and slept but he made them of the most purest and thinnest part of pure thin and simple fire and therfore they neither eat drink nor sleep God created the Sun Moon and Stars of two elements Aire and Fire and therefore are the Angels more bright then either the Sun Moon or Stars because they are created of one and that the most rare element the other of Fire and Aire compounded God made the Heaven of Water and Aire so it is compounded of one rare or light element that is Aire and of another heavy that is Water but he created the Fowls and brute Beasts of three elements and also the Vegitables that is to say of Aire Water and Earth certain are of the Earth and Aire others of Fire Aire and Earth of the last are the Fowls and all things wherin remaineth a spirit of the first are the vegetables but all bruit Beasts are of Earth Aire and Fire but the Vegetables of Earth Water and Aire and they likewise partake of a kind of thin Fire brought in with the Aire and therfore when we say that Fire is in the Vegetables we mean that thin fire that being in the aire is carried by it and with it into them God made Man of the four elements as the most excellent peece of all his workmanship he made him according to his own image naturally according to his similitude spiritually and from hence the Ancients gathered that there were four worlds the first whereof was ultra mundanum which the Divines call Angelical and the Philosophers Intellectuall The next was the Celestiall The third the Sublunar which we inhabit The last was Man in whom all the rest were found whereto the Schoolmen alluding call Man the Microcosmos or lesser World in whom there is a mixture of the four elements a spirit celestiall a vegetable soul and the sence and reason of brute beasts an angelicall minde and finally the whole similitude of God Now as God hath made Man in this excellency so he hath subjected all these things under him and so fitted them to his use that there is no disease can happen to our bodies whereto the earth brings not forth a convenient medicine and from hence sprung the originall of Physick whereof divers have attained to such excellency as that they have been worshipped for Gods therefore for the further instructing of those that shall practice any of these my experiments I have thought it convenient to publish such notes as I have in my Studies gathered from the best Authours that have written concerning the laudable Science of Physicke and the Practice thereof which shall serve as a compendious Introduction to my Booke Physick defined Hippocrates called physicke an addition and a substraction an addition of things necessary and a substraction or taking away of the superfluous Wherein
the five senses sight hearing taste smell and touch to the performance whereof necessarily occurre these three 1. the organe 2. the medium or meane 3. the object The organe is the animall spirit diffused all over the body the meane carries the object to the instrument the object is an externall quality that can by a medicine stirre up the organe as for example sight is the seeing faculty acted by the eye which is the organe the object is the visible quality before the eye the medium arrives the object at the eye The hearing faculty whereof the eare is the organe every sound the object the medium is the ayre that carries the sound to the eare The smelling faculty commeth from the mammillary processes produced from the proper substance of the braine and seated in the upper part of the nose the object is every smell the medium by which it is carried is to men birds and beasts the aire to fishes the water The action of the taste is performed by the tongue the object is the taste of severall meats and drinkes the medium is either externall as is the spittle that doth moisten the tongue or internall as the spongy flesh of the tongue it selfe All parts endued with a nerve enjoy the sense of touching the object is every tractable quality as heat cold roughnesse c. The medium is either the skin or the flesh endued with those nerves The next action is voluntary motion and is performed by a muscle as I shewed you in the Chapter of Parts or Members either by extention or contraction upward downeward to the right hand to the left hand forward or backward The principall action is threefold 1. Imagination 2. Reason 3. and Memory Imagination is a certaine distinguishing apprehension Reason is a certaine judiciall estimation of things apprehended Memory is the sure storer of all things as in a magazine which the minde oft unfolds CHAP. VII Of Spirits What a spirit is THE Spirit is the substance subtle and acrious of our body bred of the most pure and thinne bloud and is the prime instrument wherby the members shall performe their office and they abide most in the heart and arteries in the braine and nerves Division of spirits The Spirits are divided into three parts animall vital naturall Animall spirit the animall is seated in the braine for there it is prepared and made and of which a great part is sent to the eyes by the nerves optickes and some to the eares and divers other parts this kind is called animall because it is the chiefe and prime instrument of life Vitall spirit The vitall spirit hath his chief mansion in the left ventricle of the heart and in the arteries and is made of the evaporation of the bloud and furnished with matter from the aire which we draw in breathing and is sent from his seate in the heart through the channels of the arteries into the whole for the conservation of naturall heate Naturall spirit The naturall spirit is engendred in the liver and veines and there remaines while the bloud is made and other naturall operations perfected the use of it is to helpe the concoction both of the whole body and of each severall part and to carry blood and heate to them These spirits being dissipated we cannot hope for life because the flower therof is decaied and wasted in their defect Now to these naturall things which I have shewed you are associate and joyned these foure following viz. Age Colour Figure or Scite and Kinde or Composure Age is a space or part of our life in which our bodies are subject to mutations and of this I have sufficiently spoken before The Colour shewes the temperament of the body and the just proportion of humours as if there be a just proportion of the foure humours the colour is red if aboundance of melancholy the colour is livide and blacke if aboundance of choller the colour is citrine and yellow if phlegme the colour is white and pale Scite and figure shew the good composure and connexion of all the parts of a body fitly and duely compacted as they ought to be of this kind there are foure quadrature crassitude or thickenesse extenuation and fatnesse Sex is the distinction betwixt Male and Female not in parts but in constitution as the Male is commonly hot the Female cold and so are Eunuches CHAP. VIII Of things not naturall which is the second part of Physicke What things not naturall are HAving shewed you things naturall whereof mans body is composed and what they are as Elements Humours c. as we formerly comprehended under the name naturall we will now proceed in the description of things not naturall which are used to conserve and defend the body composed and made of the things naturall already spoken of these doe pertaine to that of Physicke which is for preserving health and are the meane betwixt things naturall and things against nature for they doe not constitute our nature as things naturall neither doe they hurt or damage it as things against nature but they are indifferent good if they be well used and bad if they be ill used the use whereof we consider from foure conditions quantity quality occasion and manner of using These being observed you may effect and cause things doubtfull of themselves to bring undoubted health things not naturall are in number six 1. the aire that goeth about us 2. the meate and drinke we use 3. the motion and rest of our bodies 4. sleeping and waking 5. repletion and inanition or things to be expelled or retained 6. and perturbations of the minde CHAP. IX Of Aire Aire AIRE is so necessary for us that not one minute of health can be enjoyed without the same as we may perceive by the continuall transpiration and breathing that all living creatures have for their refreshing and to regender the spirit animal and therefore because we so often draw it in breath it out it wil be very necessary for our health to know what aire is wholesome and what unwholesome for the aire doth alter our bodies three manner of waies by quality as if it be horter moister or drier by substance as if it be more grosser or more subtle then is fit or by mutation which any man may prove who makes a suddaine change out of a quiet aire into a stormy and that is troubled with winds The most healthfull Aire Therefore the most healthfull and best aire is that which is cleere subtle and pure free and open on every side exempt from evill evaporations fennes sinkes cloudes rotten and carrion like smells of dead carkasses standing pooles and all corruption that is neither is too hot nor too cold too drie nor too moist and this aire is the best both for the preserving of health and curing of diseases Evill Aire The evill aire is quite contrary to the good as that which is putride shut prest up in some narrow place thicke rotten
Strawberry strings Tutsane Plantaine Walnut leaves Bay toppes Hyssope Violet leaves Sake of Vertue Roman Wormwood ana m. i. Camomill m. ii Red Roses m iii. then put to them a quart of Neats-foot Oyle or May Butter and grinde them together with an ounce or two of Cloves then put them in an earthen pot stopped close with lute sapientiae and set them nine dayes in a Cellar then take them out and seeth them seven or eight houres on the fire or in a pan of water but first open your pot and put in white or yellow Waxe and a pint of Oyle or Butter An Oyle for a noise in the Head 26 R. A Silver Eele roste it but baste it not then take the dripping and put it into a Pipkin with some Commin seedes infuse it all night in the Embers then take the Oyle and pretty warme drop a little into the Eare that most troubles you and you shall finde helpe in a short time An Oyle for the dead Palsie 27 R. Sheepes feet and boyle them with the Wooll a great while then take the Oyle of them and red Sage and boile them together well then when you use it take a little Aqua vitae and Pepper and warme them together and anoint the place therewith and after with the Oyle Because it will be a great deale of trouble and charge in a private house to distill and draw Oyles from Gums Spices Seeds Roots Hearbes c. except they had occasion for greater Quantities and for such Portions as they shall use they may buy at the Chymists I will therefore only set downe the names of the Oyles and the vertues thereof for such as are desirous to learn the Art of Extracting may finde divers Authors to that purpose Oyle of Mastick 28 It is excellent against all cold-Diseases of the Mawe comforteth the Liver Lights and all inward Parts of the Body being drunken it helpeth those that Vomit and Spit Blood it consumeth and breaketh all inward Sores this Oyle being anointed on the Belly stoppeth the Fluxe and womens Termes and is also good for the Mother that is fallen downe if you anoint it therewith and the underpart of the Belly it is good for young Children whose Arse gut commeth forth if you anoint it therewith and put it up againe it is also good for those that are Burst if you anoint them therewith and let them weare a Truss being anointed on fresh Wounds it helpeth them soone laying thereon a Cloth wet in the same anointing the Gums fasteneth the Teeth and causeth a good Digestion if you anoint the Stomack therewith Oyle of Storax Calamite 29 Three or foure drops of this Oyle being drunke comforts the Lungs it helps the paines of the Mother being drunke and the place anointed therewith beware you take not too much of this Oyle for it is dangerous if you put a drop or two into the Eares it takes away the buzzing noise Oyle of Galbanum 30 Is good against an old Cough and for such as are Short-winded and cannot easily draw their breath this Oyle being taken with Oyle of Myrrhe in a little Wine is good against Venome drunken likewise being thus taken it procures womens Naturall sicknesse and driveth downe the dead Childe if you make a perfume thereof into the Wombe it is held very good for the rising of the Mother being laid to the Navell it settles the Womb that hath beene misplaced this Oyle is Mollificative and being mixed with any convenient Vnguent it draweth forth Thornes or cold Humours mix this Oyle with the Root of Angelica or the Seed or Roote of Spondilium and if you touch any Serpent or Venemous Beast therewith it will die in fine it is so opposite to Venome that the Perfume of it being burned drives away Serpents from the place Oyle of Myrrhe 31 This Oyle preserveth all things from Putrefaction and if you anoint the Face and Hands therewith it causeth them to looke young a great while if you mixe it with Wine and wash the Mouth it will fasten the Teeth it stoppeth the Laske and helpeth the Stitch in the side if you drinke thereof one Dramme it helpeth all stinking Sores and is good for Wounds in the Head and Paines in the Eares if it be put therein also if you put one or two drops thereof into the Eyes it preserveth the sight it helpeth all the Paines of the Mother if it be anointed therewith also it dryeth and consumeth all Accidents after birth and is marveilous good against a Feaver if the Patients body be anointed therewith and laid to sweate Oyle of Sagapenum 32 Is good for the Stitch in the side and an olde Cough it is very good against the Crampe and all Paines of the Hips and Ioynts comming of Cold if you anoint the Nosthrills of women in Childbed therewith it availeth much and eases their Paine for it driveth forth the Childe quickly whether alive or dead being drunke with Wine it is good against Poyson but by any meanes let women with Childe take heed of this Oyle Oyle of Castoreum 33 Being anointed on the Neck and drunke with Wine availeth much to those that have the Falling sicknesse it is also excellent against Apoplexie it helpeth the Cholick and suffocation of the Matrix Oyle of Ambre 34 It is good against the Cholick and suffocation of the Matrix if you anoint the Parts therewith if a woman drinke three or foure drops thereof it causeth her to be fairely delivered it is good against Paines and Fluxes of the Head resolution of Sinewes and Falling sicknesse if ye drinke thereof in a Morning three or foure drops in Piony Water it preserveth from all poisons and pestiferous Ayres It driveth forth the Stone in the Bladder or Reines if it be drunke with Malmesey or Parseley Water Oyle of Ammoniacum 35 Being taken three or foure drops in the Yolke of an Egge it helpeth Vlcers in the Breast it dissolveth all hardnesse and swellings and taketh away the paines of the Milt if you mixe this Oyle with as much Oyle of Galbanum and a very little Oyle of Wormwood and anoint the place also being mixed with Oyle of Wormwood and anointed on the Navell it killeth Wormes Oyle of Waxe 36 Is good in all Wounds made by Contusion if a cloth wet in the same be laid thereon being taken inwardly it provoketh Vrine and easeth Stitches the dose is a dramme at a time with white Wine it helpeth the cold Gout and Sciatica comming of cold in fine it is an Oyle that is miraculous in his operation and is as it were a divine Medicine Oyle of Butter 37 If you anoint your hands and face with this Oyle it will preserve them faire it is also good for them that have a Catarre if they take an ounce fasting The quintessence of Honey 38 Dissolveth Gold or any Iewel put therein it helpeth the Palsey Falling sicknesse Cough Catarre and paines of the Milt and many other diseases and two or three
then put to it foure penniworth of Treacle and a quarter of a pinte of the best Angelica water Take every Morning and Evening halfe a spoonfull at a time for a preservative against infection and if you be infected take two spoonfulls and sweat thereupon A pretious Water for the Stone 52 In May take the hearbe called Ramsins and distill it put unto your Water the same proportion of white Wine and distill them againe together A Water to make the Face and Hands white 53 R. The leaves of Nettles dry them and make thereof Powder and put that Powder in Water and boile it and therewith wash your Face and Hands gather your Nettles in May before the Sun riseth and you may keep them all the yeare A Water for Pimples and heate in the Face 54 R. A spoonfull of burnt Allome put it into a Sawcerfull of white wine Vinegar and stir it well together and at Night when you goe to bed dip a Cloth into it and wet the Sore places A Water to make the Stone slip and to provoke Vrine 55 R. Halfe a pinte of white Wine and boile it and in the boiling put in half an ounce of castle Soape sliced thin when it is dissolved drinke thereof blood-warme For a Pearle or Web or Blood-shotten Eye 56 R. Of Maidenhaire and ground Ivy m. i. Archangel flowers pu i. wash them cleane and swing them dry then stamp them and straine them with a little good Ale and with a feather drop a drop or two into the sore Eye thrice in a day if the Eye be much Blood-shotten take more of the Ivy. A Water for an olde Sore 57 R. Flint stones nu iii. vel iiii burne them to Lime and slake them in Running water then take Allome and doe the like therewith boile them two houres then put thereto Bolearmenick greene Coperas Camphire ana q. s boile them all one houre after they are dissolved and then straine it and put it up To make Aqua coelestis the Celestiall Water 58 Aqua coelestis is of two kindes if you mingle with it as much of the Water called Mother of Balme and distill it againe you have the Treasure of all Medicines First of the Vertues of these two Waters the first Water is of such Vertue that if you put it into a fresh Wound it healeth it in foure and twenty houres so it be not Mortall and it healeth maligne Vlcers Cankers Noli me tangere and olde Wounds within the space of fifteene dayes if you wash it with the said Water every third day and if you put a drop of it upon a Carbuncle it mortifieth the malignity thereof shortly also if you put of the same Water into the Eye that hath lost his sight if not utterly it shall be recovered within eight daies at the uttermost and if a Man drink a drop of it with a little good Wine it breaketh the Stone in the space of two houres in the Reines or Bladder it mollifieth hardened Sinewes if you wash them therewith This Water must be used from November to April and but halfe a spoonfull at once once a weeke It is thus made First you must have a vessell of Glasse a Cubite high or thereabouts and fill it with Aqua vitae made of good Wine and see that it be well luted and then cover it in Horse dung or Doves dung so that it be not too moist nor too hot lest the Glasse breake leave the neck of the Glasse without in the aire this will boile mightily and so let it stand thirty daies then draw out the Glasse and put these things following into the Water and stop the mouth close and so leave it eight daies lastly put the Glasse in Balneo Mariae with Sand setting on a head with a receiver well luted and make a slow fire and gather the first Water whiles it seemeth to drop downe cleare but when it turneth red then change the receiver for this is the second Water which you shall keep in a Glassewell stopped The Spices to be put in are these good Cinamon Cloves Ginger Galingale Nutmegs Zedoary long Pepper and round rootes of Citron Spikenard Lignum Aloes Cubebs Cardamomum Calamus Aromaticus Germander S. Iohns wort Maces white Frankincense round Turmentill Hermodactills the pithe of white Wallwort Iuniper Laurell berries the seed of Mugwort Smalllage Fennell Anise flowers of Basile Rosemary Sage leaves Margerome Mints Penniroyall Sticados flowers of Elder red Roses and white Rue Scabious Lunary Centaury the lesser Egrimony Fumitary Pimpernell Dandelion Eufrage Maidenhaire Endive seeds of Sorrell yellow Sanders Aloes Epatich ana â„¥ ii Ambrosine fine Rubarb ana â„¥ ii dry Figs Raisons Dates without stones sweete Almonds Pine kernels ana â„¥ i. Aqua vitae made with good Wine to the quantity of them all and foure times as much Sugar as they be all of white Honey lib. ii then put to the underwritten Rootes of Gentian flowers of Rosemary Nigella that growes in the Corne Bryony roote of the hearbe called Panis Porcinus Hogs bread seed of Wormwood anaÊ’ ss before you distill the Water you must quench in it a hot plate of Gold oftentimes and put to it Orientall pearles which must lye covered with Water else they lose their colour and so distill it Cataplasmes or Poultisses CHAP. XXXVII An excellent Cataplasme for any Swelling Apostume rankling Wound or broken Bone R. Of new Milke one pinte seethe in it untill it be thicke the crums of fine white bread then take it from the fire and put into it the white of an Egge and one spoonfull of Sallet Oyle first well beaten together and stir it well and lay it to the place as hot as can be suffered it will serve twice A Poultis for a sore Breast 2 R. Of Neats foot Oyle pi i. of Marigold leaves m. i. make it thicke with wheaten Bread and put into it a little Saffron and boile it to a Poultis A Poultis for a sore Throate 3 R. A Swallowes nest and boile it in Water to a Poultis and binde it to the Neck and Throate as hot as you can A Poultis for any Swelling that comes of a hot cause 4 R. A Lapfull of wilde Mallowes boile them in running Water untill they be tender then swing them in a Cloth and chop them small then take a penniworth of sweete Butter and the crums of Manchet and put the Mallowes and all into a quart of Milke and boile it untill it be thicke and lay it to the griefe as hot as can be suffâ—red A Poultis to be applyed to the bottome of the Belly to breake Winde and move Vrine 5 R. Figs and the herbe Grownsell ana m. i. boile them in running Water to a Poultis Another for the same 6 R. The dung of a Ston'd horse boiled in white Wine to a Poultis and applyed to the bottome of the Belly Another 7 R. Hemlock boile it in a sufficient quantity of fresh Butter and lay it to
resolution of his powers comming out of the Bathe he must be taken up in a cleane warme Sheet and so laid in a warme bed and cloathes enough upon him to make him sweat easily after hee hath sweat so long as he can well endure take the Sheet from him and dry him well with warme Napkins chiefly his Head under his Armes Breast and Root of his Thighes then let him rest in his Bed an houre or two and when he is well refreshed give him a cleane Shirt that is dry and warme and let him rise and walke but let the Chamber be kept very warme then let him feed upon meates of good juyce and digestion after Bathe use not Venery for Bathing use such Hearbs as are most convenient for the Disease the Patient is affected with the Ordinary sort of Hearbes which are used in the Spring are these Mallowes Marshmallowes Violets Pellitory of the Wall Fumetary Angelica Roses Betony Fennell Barefoote Dragon Plantaine Buglosse Agrimony Harts-tongue which are sodden in Water and made into a Bathe after the Bathe dry well the Head and eate not of two houres after CHAP. XL. Of Stoves and Hot-houses SToves are either dry or moist dry by making a fire underneath or moist by causing a moist Vapour or heate from some decoction of Leaves Hearbes Flowers or Seedes in Water or Wine or both together the dry Stoves are used in many places in London by making a cleare fire underneath that presently heates all the roome by reason of a vaulted Furnace wherein the fire playes of this kinde every one may make himselfe one as he shall judge best and fittest the most necessary for private uses I shall delineate to you in this Figure following The Figure of a Stove to sweat in with a hole to put out the Head and a drawing Boxe underneath to put in Coales or a hot Wedge of iron it must have a seat within for the Patient to sit on so high that his feet touch not below for feare of burning A shewes the hole in the top B the dore to shut in the Drawer with Coales and C shewes the little doore whereat to give the Patient warme Clothes to dry off the Sweat The moist Stoves are made in an ordinary Bathing Tub by putting the decoction into a Pot and setting it over the fire well luted with a Pipe that shall come into the Bathing-tub standing neere thereto which Tub must have a double bottome the uppermost being full of holes whereupon the Patient sitting may receive the Sudorificke Vapour now that the heat may be mitigated when it is too hot you must have a hole in the top of your Pipe to be stopped opened at your pleasure Let the Tub be covered all but the Patients Head Electuaries CHAP. XLI To make an Electuary of the Iuyce of Roses 1 R. Of the Iuyce of fresh dry Roses white Suger ana lib. i. ss boyle them into a solid Electuary with an easie fire and in the end sprinkle powdered Sanders Masticke Cinamon all finely powdered ana ʒ ii Diacridium ℥ i. ss Camphire ℈ ss make Tablets in weight ʒ iii. ss the Dose is one Tablet the whole composition is ℥ xxii the Doses be about 70. It doth draw Choler very strongly and also thinne and watrish humours very good for those that have the Gout if they have not a vehement Ague withall To make Diaphaenicon 2 R. Of the Pulpe of Dates cleansed boyled in Hydromell and fined in a Sive fresh Penids ana lib. ss blancht Almonds ℥ iii. ss when they be bruised and mingled all together put into them clarified Hony lib. ii boyle them a little and then sprinkle Ginger Pepper Mace Cinamon Leaves of dry Rue Fennell seed and seed of wilde Carrets ana ʒ ii Turbith finely beat ℥ iiii Diacridium ℥ iiii ss the Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss the whole composition is about lib. iiii the Doses about 130. This Electuary doth mildly purge Choler Crude and slimie Flegme agreeable and convenient in continuall Agues and Diseases arising of Crudity and also for the Cholicke To make the Electuary called Benedicta 3 R. Of Turbith ʒ x. Diacridium Hermodactills red Roses anaʒ v. Cloves Ginger Saxifrage Parseley seed Salt Gemme Galingall Mace Carrawayes Fennell-seed Sparagus seed and Seed of Kneeholme or wilde Myrrhe Millet the four great cold seeds Licoras ana ʒ i. of the best clarified Honey lib. i. make it up according to Art the Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss the whole composition is almost lib. ii the Doses be about 50. It draweth forth Phlegmaticke Humours it purgeth the Rheines and expelleth the Stone and Gravell To make the Electuary called Confectio Hamech 4 R. The Barke of yellow Mirabolanes ℥ ii little Onions black Violets Coloquintida Polipody of the Oake ana ℥ i. ss Woormewood Thyme ana ℥ ss Aniseed Fennell seed red Roses anaʒ iii. bruise them all and soake them in Whey lib. ii then boyle them to a pound rub them in your hand and wring them to the strained decoction adde the juyce of Fumetary the Pulpe of Pruines and Raisins ana lib. ss white Sugar clarified Honey ana lib. i. boyle them to the thicknesse of Honey sprinkling in the end Agaricke and Sene beaten fine ana ℥ ii Rubarb beaten ℥ i. ss Dodder that groweth upon Thyme ℥ i. Diacridium ʒ vi Cinamon ℥ ss Ginger ʒ ii Seed of Fumetary and Anise Spikenard ana ʒ i. the Dose is from ʒ iii. to halfe an ounce the whole composition is lib. iii. and ℥ viii the Doses be about 80. This Electuary purgeth Melancholy and other humours adust and is good against Madnesse Melancholy Giddinesse Forgetfulnesse and all faults of the Skinne as Scabbes Morphew Canker Tetter and Elephantiasis To make an Electuary called Hiera Simplex 5 R. Cinamon Mace A sarabacca Spikenard Saffron Masticke ana ʒ vi Aloes unwashed ʒ 100 or lib. i. ss the best clarified Honey lib. iiii the Powder alone is ministred from ʒ ii to ʒ iii. but being taken in Honey from ℥ i. to ℥ i. ss It is more comfortable then purging it purgeth Choler and Phlegme from the stomacke and Intrailes it doth mildely helpe all Diseases proceeding of Crudity and also the Palenesse of the Face An Electuary for a Cough or Cold. 6 R. Of Germander Hyssop Horehound Maidenhaire Agrimony Betony Liverwort and Harts-tongue ana m. i. boyle them in nine pints of water to the consumption of sixe then let it coole and straine it to this decoction put of clarified Honey lib. ss fine Powder of Licoras ℥ v. Enulacampana roote powdered ℥ iii. boyle them to the thicknesse of an Electuary take of this at any time but especially in the morning fasting and at night when you goe to bed or two houres after Supper the quantity of a Nutmeg The Electuary of an Egge commonly called Electuarium de ovo against the Plague 7 R. A new laid Hennes Egge make a little hole in the least end of it no
beare them up then turne them and cast on the rest of your Sugar but you must not let them seethe when you doe turne them because then they will breake on both sides but let them lie in hot Sirrup a while then turne the broken sides downewards againe and let them seethe softly a little while then may you turne them as often as you please and let them seeth reasonable fast till you think they be enough if you let them seethe long they will lose their colour and will be tough you must skinne them very cleane and when they be cold put them up in Glasses and put in foure or five Cloves and as many little slices of Cinamon of about an inch long thus you may preserve any Plummes but you must put neither Cloves nor Cinamon to your white Plummes To make Marmalade of Quinces 4 First take twelve quarts of fine running Water and put to it sixteene pound of Quinces well pared and coared and quartered into foure parts and put to them eight pound of Sugar and let all this seethe softly till it be more than halfe sodden away let them be close covered or else they will not be red when you see them of a good colour breake them with a spoone and boile them till they come to Marmalade You may dissolve a little Muske or a little Ambergreece in some Rose-water and put into it after the boiling to give it both a fine taste and smell when it begins to cleave to the spoone then take it from the fire and fill your Boxes and with a feather strike it over with Rosewater To preserve Grapes Barberies or Gooseberries 5 Take as much Sugar as they doe weigh and somewhat more and beate it very fine then take your preserving Pan or Skillet and lay a bed of Sugar and a bed of Fruit till you have laid all then take five or six spoonfulls of faire water as much as will wet the bottome of the Pan and boile them as fast as you can untill they be cleare then boile the Sirrup untill it will button upon the side of a dish and it is enough then put them up in pots To keep Quinces rawe all the yeare 6 Take some of the worst Quinces and cut them into small pieces and boile them in water untill it bee strong of the Quince put in the boiling to every Gallon two spoonfulls of Salt as much English Honey halfe a pinte of white Wine Vinegar then straine it and when it is cold put it into a woodden vessel and take as many of your best Quinces as will goe into that Liquor then stop them very close that no aire get into them and they will keep all the yeare To make Paste of Oranges and Lemons 7 Take your Oranges well coloured boile them tender in water shifting them sixe or seaven times in the boiling put into the first water a handfull of Salt then beate them in a wooden Bowle with a wooden Pestle straine them through a piece of Cushion Canvasse take the weight of them in Sugar and somewhat more then boile it and dry it and fashion it as you please and dry it in a warme Oven upon a Plate all night on the morrow turne it To make Paste of Genua the true way 8 Take Quinces and boile them in their skins then scrape all the pulpe from the coare straine it through a piece of Cushion Canvasse then take as much Sugar as the pulpe doth weigh put to it twice so much water as will melt it that is halfe a pinte to every pound of Sugar boile it to a candy height dry the pulpe upon a Chafingdish and Coales then put the Sugar and the pulpe hot together boile it with stirring untill it will lie upon a Plate even as you lay it and run no broader then fashion it some like leaves and some like letters so set your Plate in a warme Stove or Oven set it upon two billets of Wood up from the hearth of the Oven all one night in the morning turne it and so set it in the like heate againe and so every day turne untill it bee dry To make Paste of any tender Plummes 9 Take any tender Plummes and put them in an earthen Pot and put your Pot into a Pot of seething water and when they are dissolved straine all the thin water from them through a faire Cloth and set the Liquor by to make Quiddnie of then straine the pulpe through a piece of Canvasse then take as much Sugar as the pulpe doth weigh put to it as much water as will melt it and boile it to a Candy height Then boile the pulp of the Plummes very well upon the Coales and put it and the Sugar hot together so boile them with stirring then lay them upon a Pie plate and fashion it and dry it as before put some pulpe of Apples amongst the the pulpe of Plummes else it will be tough To make Marmalade of some of these Plummes 10 There is no more difference but in boiling it higher than your Paste till it come cleane from the bottome of the Skillet then boxe it To make conserve of any of these Fruits 11 When you have boiled your Paste beforesaid ready to fashion upon the Plate put it up in gally Pots and never dry it and that is all the difference betweene Conserve and Paste and so you may make Conserve of any Fruits this is for all hard bodyed Fruits as Quinces Pippins Oranges and Lemons To make Conserve of tender Fruits or Berries 12 First dissolve your Plummes as you did to make your Paste straine through the Liquor Pulpe and all and to every pinte of that take three quarters of a pound of Sugar and so boile it untill it be somewhat thicke that when you lay some of it upon a cold dish it will run no broader then put it up To Preserve Fruits greene 13 Take Pippins Apricockes Peareplummes or Peaches while they are green scald them in hot water and pill them the Peaches and Apricockes scrape the Furre off them then boile them very tender then take as much Sugar as they doe weigh and as much water as will make a Sirrup to cover them in then boile them something leisurely and take them up and boile the Sirrup untill it be something thick that it will button upon a dish side and when they are cold put them up together To Preserve these Plummes when they are ripe 14 Take as much Sugar as they weigh and put not so much water to them as you did to the greene for they will yeeld Liquor of themselves boile them not altogether so leasurely as you did the other if you doe the Sirrup will turne red and so when you have boiled them take them up and pot them as aforesaid To dry Pippins as cleare as Amber 15 Take yellow Pippins pare them and cut them in the middest and cut out the Core then put them into a Bason of Water then take