Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	cold_a	moist_a	3,600	5	10.5118	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01504	The arte of vvarre Beeing the onely rare booke of myllitarie profession: drawne out of all our late and forraine seruices, by William Garrard Gentleman, who serued the King of Spayne in his warres fourteene yeeres, and died anno. Domini. 1587. Which may be called, the true steppes of warre, the perfect path of knowledge, and the playne plot of warlike exercised: as the reader heereof shall plainly see expressed. Corrected and finished by Captaine Hichcock. Anno. 1591.	Garrard, William, d. 1587.; Hitchcock, Robert, Captain. aut; Garrard, Thomas.	1591 (1591)	STC 11625; ESTC S105703	258,437	384

may offend and endomage the same Hée must set out likewise whether the bulwarkes walles or rocks be weake or strong old or new repaired or ruinous rampiers or otherwise if their situation lie hie or low on marish ground sand grauell or rockes or vpon auncient buildings or ruines Likewise let him discribe towards what part of the world they stand whether East West South or North If they will suffer or bée in danger to bée myned to bée battered to bée assaulted with ladders or with any other manifest or secret er●… pugnation and vpon what side and place Hée must set downe notice if there bée fountains or cesternes if great ryuers or floodes and if the said water bée possible to bee taken away stopt or infected of the enimie and must aduertise what remedie may bée vsed to the contrarie Moreouer hee must consider in what ayre those Cities stand if in whoat or cold drie or moist or rather mirt and temperate if the places be apt to be kept defended If the ayre wil suffer that victuales munitions and souldiers will bee conserued or otherwise What store of victuales is in ech Towne or Fortresse or the countrie adioining and whether there bee fit commoditie to carie and recarie the same by water or by land And if the place bée vpon the sea coast whether it bée a hauen Towne or fisher towne what depth the barre is of at the ebbe and full the capacitie of the harbour and what s●…oare of vessels belong to the same together with the disposition of the sea faring men the goodnes of the shippes both for swift saile and fight how they are stoar●… with ordinance and munitions and armde with netting grates and feightes c Let him diligently obserue how many housholds and houses bée in euerie towne how many persons how many able men for souldiers vpon foote how many for horsemen and how many for pioners how many oxen how many horses to dra●… cartes or artillarie how many beastes of burden to carrie victuales ech place is able to kéepe or make what artillarie what munition and victuales bee found in ech Towne or fortresse from whence euery place may be succoured and victualed and from whence victuales may bée had to sustain those places which are apt to bée defended and kept How many souldiers there bée of the infantarie and how many of the Cauallarie if they oftentimes vse exercise of Armes and make shewes or Musters whether they bée well or euill armed coragious or cowards politike or rash obedient or mutinous expert or ignorant old or new bands and shall in effect consider what is to bée looked for at their hands or what their abilitie is apt to performe This done hée may with all other requisite diligence set downe notice of any other particular or necessarie thing If the Riuers and floodes bée nauegable if they ebbe or flow if they bée easie to bée kept and their bridges foords and passages be defended where they bée weake or stronge ebbe or déepe the which is easie to bée knowen for where the water is most ebbe or shallow most fit for a foard there doth appeare a rigge or streame caused of the substance and matter which doth run by the depth and doth make stay there the which for that it hath oftentimes bin experimented is most true as diuers haue tried Hée must discrie the condition of the hilles of the vallies the qualitie of the confines of the waters of the fennes of the myres and lakes and other thinges worthie to bée noted and in what part of the prouince the ground is fertile or barraine if abundantly it bringes foorth graine grapes fruites oyles séedes flaxe or hempe what store of cattell and beastes there bée and of what sorts If that there bée woodes and towards what part If therein grow wood for building or for fire Let him likewise aduertise whether the entrance of the countrie bée difficile and the issue easie or contrarie And amongst other things to bée considered it is a thing of great importance to vnderstand perfectly whether the people bée industrious or ydle if warlike or labourers if quiet or disquiet if friendly or factious If the footemen for weapons vse the hargabuze musket halberd pike or the bow the dart and browne bill if short swords and poynaldes or long swords and great daggers If the horsemen vse firelocke peeces or snap-haunces if pistolets launces and long chasing staues or else what manner of weapon they vse their nature and order in feight and what policies and stratagemes they are accustomed to vse And to conclude hée must thus in writing in notes in plaine draughts and painting let him with good deliberation and aduisement and not rashlie make manifest and apparant euery small particular thing to the intent that his Prince Generall Collonell or Captaine béeginning at the one end may with the eye of his mind run ouer peruse the whole one by one in due proportion briefly plainly in a table as the view of a gallant Theater from whence the veile of the shading curtaine is suddainlie drawne and make apparant to the eyes of all the beholders the sight of some sumpteous shew or that taking hold at the one end hée may draw altogether like a well linked chaine so that any one which hath not séene the place beholding the portrature thereof may thinke hée doth view the same with his eyes whereby all these discriptions of the said countrie in generall or any parcel in particular may verie wel serue and with great aide direct him that must enter into or gouerne a Prouince to the great increase of the honour of any noble Prince or worthy Captaine These and such like bée the qualities I would wish to bée in a valiant Caualliere of Saint Georges squadre in a Lieutenant Sergeant or any other good souldiers that hée may know how to direct guid gouerne traine skirmish view discouer and discribe the proportion and situation of Countries And for the better performance thereof to haue good knowledge in the Mathematikes speciallie in Algarosme Algebra and Geometrie whereby hée may worthily merite a good Souldiers name A rule to set any number of Souldiers in aray THe footemen béeing brought into the place where they are to bée put in aray First you must foresée that it bée fit for the purpose and so capable that the aray may commodiously turne on the right and the left hand as much as may bée neuerthelesse according to the number of the souldiers you haue afterwardes proceede in this fort First the Pikes must bee drawen by themselues on one side together with the Ensignes and vpon the other side all the Hargabuziers somewhat aloofe off distant from the pikes béeginning to make the hargabuziers march so many in a ranke as you list parting them neuerthelesse according to their number You may put them from 3. to 12. in a ranke for it is not often séene that more

their meanes an armie is made abundant of all things propre commodious and necessary Furthermore he must make and set reasonable prises vpon the victuals in such sort as the souldiors be not taxed and pinched neither the victuallers so vsed but that they may be honest gainers which I meane of things necessarie as bread béere corne wine with such like but touching other things lesse necessarie he must suffer them to sell as they can that is to say all sort of stuffe cloth for garments sadles furniture for horses spicerie armor and such like merchandize After that he hath verie well consulted and taken aduise being accompanied with worthy Caualliers and old souldiers of sound iudgement and hath visited oueruewed wel discouered considered of al plots and places where the campe is to lodge or be planted he must with great reason iudgement depart the lodgings quarters as I haue séene duely obserued vnder Do●… Iohn of Austria and the Prince of Parma When the campe is to make long abode in any place he ought with a capable conuenient diuision measure the same either by view of eye by cord or other ingenious order after an experimented sort good iudgment as partly appeares by figure hereafter ensuing The Artilerie munition and victuals must be lodged in the strongest and safest place of the camp euery one of them hauing their ordinarie gard Let him haue a vigilant respect that about the munition and pouder there be no fire made neither any hargabusiers or light matches approch néere vnto the same but such souldiers as are armed with other sorts of weapons as pikes halberds c. to auoid the perillous scandale of fire Then must he appoint out and ordaine quarter by quarter and specially that euerie Nation may haue a commodious plot of ground for an assembly or an Alarme the which continually ought to be void and not occupied of any qualitie of person but garded both day and night with a good Corps de gard for their securitie Note that the said place of armes be so lotted out in ●…uerie quarter that from thence the front towards the enimie may be commodiously succoured and that souldiers may conuey themselues thither with all expedition togither with their Ensignes there to range thēselues in battel therfore this place ought principally to be capable of such effects either by nature or art to be repaired strengthened with trenches towards the face front of the enimie prouided that the souldiers be not pest●…red for want of roome nor by euerlarge space the camp not sufficiently fortified therfore must he haue a note of al the names numbers of bands of horsemen and footemen and according to tha●… proportion cast their ground and scope of encamping togither with all their munition prouision and carriages Encamping with an armie in the field at the siege of a town●… c. I haue séene quarters for euerie nation first appointed out then seuerally euerie band lodged in forme of battell the pikes in the midst and the shot in the flankes and at the head of euery band and lodging of euery company the Ensigne planted and stucke in the ground towards the face of the enimie or citie hauing an equal iust propotion of ground before the Ensignes betwixt them the trenches to range thēselues in battel which must be betwixt the Corps de gard of the priuate Ensignes and betwixt the other generall Corps de gard for the whole campe whether they be placed in trenches or otherwise for the saftie of the whole campe that plot of ground wherein the assembly of armes is to be but these directions I will hereafter set downe with greater diuersity that ech man may make choise according to his fancie Moreouer he must appoint out the market place for victuallers merchants in a large safe commodious place for all the campe He must likewise appoint out for euery quarter in some place out of the way a place for men to disburthē nature to kill cattle beasts for victuallers to rost meate in to the intent that the rest of lodgings may be kept cleane and infection of aire auoided a general benefite for health In most manner of encampings he must so diuide the quarters as euery nation may be placed by it selfe and euery Collonel by himself dispose the horsmen footmen distinctly in sunder that euery quarter may haue his place of armes market place for victuals touching which he ought to take great care of equall distribution that he may entertaine gratifie with special commodity euery nation that serues in the army And that not only euery sort of weapon haue their seueral stréets but also that euery quarter company in the campe haue his seueral charge of Artillery It is most necessarie that he take great respect to lodge the army in a strong situation whereunto he must principally haue a vigilant eye as a thing that consists in great practise long experience in many cōsiderations He must likewise haue respect that the place be of good aire that aboue al things there be good store of water springs and specially of wood in time of winter Likewise that in the country adioyning frée from the enimies inuasion danger there be forage for horses straw for the souldiers to lie vpon make their cabbines withal that the ground be sandie or drie where they encampe c. Touching al the conditions belonging to encamping he must take a very speciall ●… circumspect care taking view of the same diuers many times with great cōsideration It belongs vnto him likewise to learne out and know the most commodious way that is most fit expedient for the armie to march be conducted through whether it be in the ordinarie high way or ouerthwart a trauerse the countrie and that they do march that way whereas the passage is most commodious must assigne to euery battell a guide or two to conduct them the best and most easie wayes Let him prouide that the Pioners accommodate make easie euerie foule way strait passage encombrance and to cleare the wayes before the great ordenance whereupon one partie must attend and therein to performe so much as is conuenient without hauing respect to the commoditie or losse of any particular person or to the preiudice or discommoditie of the countrie wherin you march which things do lesse import then the perill the hinderance reputation of an army being an assembly of mē of so great valour importance for whom the Marshall ought alwayes to procure with al possible diligence al commodities and aduantage to kéepe the armie in reputation and to maintaine it sound lusty to the intent that with an vndoubted presage the Generall may promise himselfe victorie in due time and place Togither with the other aduertisements for the commodity enioying of victuals

it would bréede but confusion and the thing being of it self most plaine it should be tedious to rest longer thereupon This only I would wish the Marshal or campemaster to obserue that his shot be lodged toward the outside of the camp that they may be always ready at that ring of the camp vpon any alarme the which he may do by diuiding the vttermost seuen regimēts into halfe as you sée by the pricked lines leauing the seuē spaces marked with L for the 7000 shot the other noted with M for 7000 pikes al the other regimēts marked with N shal be the lodgings of the 16000 short weapons Thus in the north moity of your campe are al your armed both horsemen footmen lodged Now the other moity must serue for the lodgings of the vnarmed as Pioners Carters Carpenters Smithes Butchers Uictuallers all other sorts of Mecanicall artificers togither with a large place of assembly for the souldiers to retire vnto to put themselues in order vpon any alarme and also to exercise themselues in sundry sorts of actiuitie You shall therefore from the southside of the Generals pauilion 600 pace southward extend out your first maine stréete of 40. pace broade and crosse him againe with an other stréet running east weast 360 pace distant frō the southside of the Generals pauilion This streete néede to be but 300 pace in breadth Againe extend out the second narrow stréets that run parallel to the first maine stréete till you come to the crosse stréete last made so haue you O your place of assemblie 330 pace brode and 540 pace long P shal be appointed for the munition and officers attendant on the artillarie Q the market place round about this market place may be lodged the Butchers Bakers Cookes and victualers of all sorts About the munition quarter besides the officers and Gunners may the Smithes Carpenters Whéele wrights labourers attendant on the ordinance be placed About the place of assembly may be the tents of all such as furnish the campe with things néedfull for the souldiers as Armorers Taylers Shoomakers and all such like artificers Yet remaine there two long swares of earth either of them 540 pace long 190 pace brode héere you may settle the Carters Wagoners with their horse and Oxen for the carriages themselues must alwaies impale that part of the campe that is not otherwise by nature and arte fortified In these two quarters also may be lodged the pioners and all other sort of labourers that aptly cannot or ought not be placed in or about the former courtes or quarters of assemblie Last of all you shall discribe 60 pace distant from all those regiments and their quarters already set downe The ring of the campe causing some prettie trenche and vaumure to be throwne vp placing your ordinance vpon the same as in this figure is described and betwéene the ordinance your carriages and this may suffice if the enemie be not very puissant or néere at hand but if you suspect the ariual of the enemy or that you know him stronger in the field then your selfe would therefore encampe surely vntill further aid come vnto you then shall you without this ring 100 pace distant cause your pioners and souldiers for vpon such an occasion he is not worthie to beare the name of a souldier that will not set his hand to the Spade you shall cause them I say throw vp another rampire with certaine bulwarks at euery corner and likewise in the middle of the Curtaine that Musket shot may play betwéene them or if time would permit it were conuenient euerie 12 score to haue of these circular platformes with a Uamure to defend the small shot for in so short time it is impossible to make any sufficient rampire to abide a batterie neither can a campe be furnished of victuals to abide any long time and that is the cause why I haue discribed those plaine circular formes which in fortification of a fowne or for were more ridiculous and in a campe to make them more exquisite were no lesse foolish curious The forme and proportion of the Campe. The forme of another Campe. IN the second booke of Marshall discipline Maister Steward as I take it out some Italian translation sets downe this maner of Campe which I will bréefely touch After the returne of the discouerers and espials he must according to their relation march to such a place where he may encampe to store himselfe and hinder the passage of victuals to his enemies wherein he must conferre with the chéefe Purueyour and with the Sergeant Maiors and others whether it be fit for the fight well defenced wholesome in aire drie vnder foote plentie in water wood and medowe and haue frée passage for forrage victuals munitions c. If there be any pallace hall or house the same is to be allotted for the Generall otherwise a sit proportion of encamping so as the men at armes may lodge about the Generall which I note thus □ The Launces and light horse about them thus noted ▵ Then next Merchants and victualers thus M. V. The pikemen thus ☌ being next about thē The Hargabuziers in the square about them thus S. Thē haue you the lodgings for the artillarie thus DD or a Gun Then next the Bulwarkes the trenches 80 pace in breadth The crosse broade wayes to the campe 30 pace wherein Marchants artificers and victualers may lodge but his speciall drift is that vpon any suddaine Camisado whilst the shot pikes and light Hargolateares make resistance the light horsemen Launces with the men at armes may haue leasure to arme themselues and repaire to the Generals Pauillion or pallace where with their Launces and chasing staues in fronte on foote they are in the manner of Pikemen to trie the vttermost of their strength to saue their Generall and the armie together with their owne honour and with their Launces encounter couragiously with the enemies Pikemen who being already wearied with their former encounter shall be able to maintaine the fight vntill the footemen of their part being refreshed giue a new onset and put their enemies to flight Thus would he haue the footmen the horsemen the marchants and purueyours the craftsmen souldier to souldier back to backe and ridge to ridge making the lodgings double vpon the banke of the ditche and in the curtaines he may place artillarie round about and before it for safetie or els with the cariage of the Munition and the cariage of the whole armie enuiron it for his defence in which he shall immitate the Turke who with his carriage with Cammels and the artillarie dooth e●…chaine and fortifie the Campe which we in liew therof plant Gabions Baskets and Barrels full of earth if the campe make continuance néere vnto the artillarie the Gunners must lodge who haue charge thereof and then the Hargabuziers c. as before and as this figure sets out Heere place the Plat of incamping