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A70052 A new discovery of Terra incognita Australis, or, The southern world, by James Sadeur, a French-man, who being cast there by a shipwrack, lived 35 years in that country and gives a particular description of the manners, customs, religion, laws, studies and wars of those southern people, and of some animals peculiar to that place ... translated from the French copy ...; Terre australe connue. English Foigny, Gabriel de, ca. 1630-1692. 1693 (1693) Wing F1395; ESTC R20648 83,070 196

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without aiming at any thing but the publick Good They employ the next third part of their Day in their Gardens which they cultivate with such art and skill as is unknown in Europe They know how to give such an agreeable sweetness to their Fruits by watering their Trees with certain Liquors that nothing can be eaten more delicious than they Their Flower-Pots are enamell'd with a thousand sorts of Flowers of different beauties that seem to vie with one another in fineness and variety of colours and in the charms of their perfuming smells Their Walks are longer than the Sight can reach and so neatly ordered that nothing of that nature can be more compleat The whole is cut through in all convenient places with a thousand different sorts of Water-Works which are made into Basons Chanels Cascades and all that Art can invent for the pleasure of the Senses that those Gardens are thereby made such really as we fancy them to be sometimes in Idea when we let our Imagination follow the dictates of our luxurious desires The last third part of their Day is allotted for three sorts of very diverting Exercises the first consists in producing what they have newly invented or repeating the Experiments of what they had already shewn but there seldom passes a day but they propose some new Invention upon which they always take care to Register the Name of the Inventor in their Book of publick Curiosities which they esteem one of the greatest honours can be done them and in 32 years time I observed above 5000 of these new Inventions Recorded that would pass for so many Prodigies among us Their second Exercise consists in managing two sorts of Arms one of which is very like our Halberds and the other resembles much our Organ-Pipes They use the former with great agility but yet not with altogether so much dexterity as our Europeans Their Halberts are so massie and strong that they will easily run through the bodies of six Men one behind another They are made of six pieces of Wood seasoned with Sea-water impregnated with some certain Drugs which render them very hard and yet very light The other Arms which I have compared to our Organ-Pipes are composed of ten or twelve Pipes which are furnished with certain Springs at one end which being let go discharge Bullets with so great a force that they pierce through the bodies of six Men one after another at one shot the action of which Spring is so quick and rapid that 't is impossible to fence off its blow but men find themselves shot before they are aware they were aimed at As for their Halberts they exercise them in throwing thirty or forty Paces and that so dextrously that in fifteen throws they seldom miss twice of their mark But their Strength is much more prodigious than their Art for they carry without straining themselves to the weight of six or seven Quintals or hundred weight and pull up Trees by the Roots which we could hardly shake I saw one of them that after he had run through with his Halbert four half men as they call us carried them afterwards upon one of his Shoulders hanging upon his Halbert two before and two behind Their third Exercise consists in throwing certain Balls of three or four different sizes some of which they throw up into the Air and some at Butts or Marks those which they cast into the Air to be well thrown must hit one another in a certain point mark'd out and those which are cast against Butts must pass through a hole in the said Butt which they will often do ten or twelve times together And that which is most to be remarked in these Exercises is that they perform them with much briskness and gayety which yet is tempered with a certain Air of Gravity and Majesty without any disorder or discomposure of mind The Balls they throw one at another are like our Tennis-Balls but softer and less dangerous and the Art of him that throws them consists in hitting him against whom he plays and his Adversary on the other side places all his skill in avoiding the stroke aimed at him and the pleasure of seeing them is so great that there is nothing but People will quit to go to see such a Divertisement For sometimes they capringly leap backward to let the Ball pass by them and sometimes they turn and bend their bodies so many-several ways that there is no Rope-Dancer or Tumbler among us can come near them for agility When he that throws the Ball le ts flie 3 or 4 one after another it is an admirable thing to see the dextrous behaviour of him against whom they are directed who stoops to avoid the one bends himself to escape another receives and throws back the third and the fourth with his-hands and sometimes with his feet which several actions he performs almost all in the same instant because all the Balls being always thrown very straight it necessarily hapens either that all of them hit or that he at whom they are aimed must use an extraordinary dexterity in avoiding or putting them by I was counted very dextrous in Portugal but yet I seemed very unhandy among the Australians and had I not pretended an excuse by reason of the wounds I had received I should have made them think my Nation to be very dull and unactive People CHAP. IX Of the Australian Language and of the Studies of the Australians THE Australians have three ways of expressing themselves as we have in Europe that is by Voice by Signs and by Writing Among these Signs are most familiar with them and I have observed them to converse together several hours without declaring their minds any other way than that They never speak but when it is necessary to make continued Discourses and to express a long Series of Propositions All their Words are Monosyllables and they have but one Conjugation as for Example Af signifies to Love which is thus conjugated in the Present Tense La Pa Ma i. e. I Love thou Lovest he Loves Lla Ppa Mma we Love you Love they Love They have but one Tense for the time past Lga Pga Mga i. e. I have Loved thou hast Loved he has Loved c. The Future is Lda Pda Mda I shall or will Love c. Llda Ppda Mmda we shall or will Love c. Uf in the Astralian Tongue signifies to work which they conjugate thus Lu Pu Mu I work thou workest c. Lgu Pgu Mgu we Work c. and so in the other Tenses They have no Declensions nor Articles and but very few Nouns They express simple substances by one single Vowel and Compound Bodies by the Vowels that signifie the chief Elements of which they are composed They own but five simple Bodies or Elements of which the first and noblest in their esteem is the Fire which they express by the single Vowel A the second is the Air which they call E the
to me Sadeur are you willing to forsake us You will go distracted why do you thus torment your self I believe that you have some particular design in your mind the fear of appearing in publick is not capable of working so much upon you as to deprive you of common sense My Lord said I If it please God that I return I will discover to you the weakness of my mind but grant me the favour of suspending your judgment till we come back This answer was so great a surprise to the young Lord that he protested that either he would not forsake me or that I should not go the Voyage For the Voyage answered I as it is for your Honour so I will accomplish it or dye by the way to accompany you upon the water if my Life lay only at the Stake I should abandon it with pleasure but to suffer that yours should be expos'd I should rather do violence on my self than obey you This discourse joyned to the affection which he had for me made him urge it no more to me and so we parted The day following it is to be remembred that Philip the II. King of Castile having taken possession of the Kingdom of Portugal in the year 1581 he raised many Families to maintain this Illustrious Conquest with the greater ease one of these which he most advanced was the Seignory of Villa Franca not without the jealousie of many others who lookt upon themselves to be deserving as that As 't is more easie to us Conquer Nations than Hearts many Portugueze remained so firm to the Family of Braggance that they only sought how they might shake off the Yoke of the Castilians and Crown the Duke of this House Altho the Country was entirely submitted to the Obedience of the Kings of Spain the secret Revolts of particular persons were very frequent and the Sea was not without its Pyrats who shewed in all the Rancounters what aversion they had for the Spanish Government and that they could not support the Creatures of the King of Spain The Embarking of the Count was blaz'd abroad which was on the 15th day of May in the Year 1623. and two Vessels Confederate of Braggance were resolved to take him to this end they attackt two Sail which convoy'd him towards the Coasts of Ternais But they maintained their shock with such vigour that the attack was to their own Confusion and the Glory of the Count I followed afar off with the Train that went by Land and perceived nothing of what past till such time as the Enemies distinguishing us by the shining Colours of the Count put to Shore 30 Musquetters who fir'd upon us from an Ambuscade killing one Page two Servants and the Horse upon which I was mounted The rest being incapable of defending themselves fled away and left me alone abandon'd to the discretion of these Pyrats who having brought me into their Vessels put forth into the open Sea CHAP. II. Of the Voyage of Sadeur to the Kingdom of Congo 'T IS a true saying that Man purposes but God disposes I believed that in going by Land I should shun the dangers of the Sea and the Sea if I may so speak found me upon the Land and reduc'd me to all those misfortunes which I strove to flee from the Pyrats were not long in the open Sea but that it began to blow terribly and became so tempestuous that the Master Pilots despaired of escaping the Mast of our Vessel broke the Rudder split the Ship Leakt on all sides and we endured 24 hours the mercy of the Waves labouring Night and Day at 6 great Pumps till at last being overcome with labour the water at last gain'd upon us the Ship sunk down to the Bottom I found my self by chance near the Door of the Captains Chamber which was born up and began to swim and as I was about to perish I catcht hold of it rather by a natural Power and Instinct than by any effect of Reason and Conduct I cannot say how long time I floated with in it that manner because I was distracted and void of Judgment but I was perceived by means of the Moon-light by a Vessel which sait'd towards the South and which sent out a Shalop to know what I was when they saw that I was a Shipwreckt man they took me and carryed me into the Vessel I was scarce come to my self but they took me for a Portugueze and soon remembred that they had seen me at Lisbon and that I was in the service of the House of Villa Franca the Captain of the Vessel order'd that particular care should be taken of my person because he had great obligations to that Illustrious House I was not long in recovering my perfect health which so soon as I got I conjured the Company to dischage me at any rate whatever I recited all the misfortunes which had happened to me upon the water and omitted nothing which might perswade them that this Element was extremely fatal to me but the more I studied reasons to work 'em into that belief the more ridiculous I appeared to them wherefore I concluded with my self to insist no longer upon that Subject but that it were better for me to abandon my self to the Course of my Destiny The Captain told me that the respect he had for and knowledge he had of that House where he had often seen me obliged him to conduct me thither that he might deliver me to the Countess adding that he esteem'd this occurrance more happy than all the other fortunes he could have made in his Voyage I learn'd at the same time that the Vessels which we were in belonged to the Portugueze Merchants which went to the East-Indies It happen'd a little time after that the chief Secretary of the Vessel fell very ill wherefore they pray'd me to undertake the charge The Wind was so favourable that every one said I brought good luck to the Vessel We came well and healthful to the Line the 15th of July and the first of September to the Kingdom of Congo where we cast Anchor the sixth at Maninga There was no sickness amongst us but that of the Secretary which encreas'd daily the Physitian gave his opinion that he ought to be set a Shore all the Captains and Pilots at the same time judg'd that he ought not to be exposed to double the Cape of Good Hope during the approaches of the Equinox At last it was resolv'd to stay in this Port till the Month of December as well for our Health as to avoid danger We met three Portugueze at Maninga who understood the Language of the Countrey and who told us of so many Rarities in the Kingdom that we could not sufficiently admire them and was a true terestial Paradice filled with all that man could ever desire for Health Convenience or the Pleasures of Life without any need of cultivating the Earth which is often barren after a thousand labours and
Colours fail with the Lives of the Animals Being arrived at the Lake we employed ten days in going round it and we found its length about sixty Leagues and its breadth about forty we saw the head of the River Niger which is pretty spacious and deep enough to carry a Vessel but it soon lost it self in the Mountains of Benin we rested our selves upon the Nile which is not at all inferiour in its rise to the Niger and it continues in its first state for about three Leagues there is no difficulty to go down into the Mediteranean Sea and the Communication betwixt the two Seas is also very Commondious by means of this place I carefully endeavoured to inform my self where the Crocodiles were which Historians place in such great Numbers in these Quarters but the Inhabitants could not even divine what I talkt of which made me believe they were only Fables if we may truly say that those who make long Voyages may enlarge upon them to others who only know the place of their Birth 't is yet more true to Assertion that this liberty is stretcht too far and often runs out into Fictions the reason is it often happens that Men travail a great way without seeing any thing besides Ports or never rest themselves a Moment and all the Mischievous incommodities which they saffer give so much trouble and weariress that they never think of taking any Recreation Nevertheless as Travellers are perswaded that they ought to tell something new when they come from far the more cunning they are the more capable they are of Invention and as there is no on which cannot contradict them they are pleasantly received and there is as certain a debt to the labour of their Inventions as to truth it self We went afterwards into a small Island which is in the middle of the Lake which belongs to the King of Jassal●er who also calls himself the King of the Lake the Natives of this Country call him Zassa and the King keeps a Fortress which is lookt upon as very famous in this Country tho in truth 't is very small in comparison of our Forts in Europe we were Charmed as soon as we set foot upon Land for there was nothing wanting for the general pleasure of all the Senses besides the order of the Aromatick Herbs which was a little too strong there were Fruits so fine so delicate and in so great quantities that the Beauty of them joyned to the abundance cloyed us but which was more surprizing than the rest and which I had never heard of was a Fountain which was as sweet as our Hipocras and which rejoyced and pleased us more than our Spanish Wine we reasoned loing enough upon the cause which should produce so agreeable a Liquor and we concluded that as all over head was embalmed in this Country so the Earth within must be of the same Nature and if there were Fountains of a very ill tast there must by consequence be those that are very sweet and agreeable we drank with an inexpressible pleasure and every one wisht to live in that place There came one of the Natives to us and with a great concern told us that drinking of that water was mortal to all such as drank to excess of it we were n●t long in proving the truth of what he had told us But so great a drowsiness fell upon us that we could not forbear lying down in the place where we slept above 15 hours how ever this sleep had no ill effect upon us for we rose as brisk and healthful as we were before some attributed this sleep to the great quantity of Odours which hanged over our heads and others believed this that this delicious drink we had taken was the cause of it From this Isle we were willing to go to the Source of the River Cuama which we found narrow and incapable of receiving a Boat a little time after we discover●d the Fountain of the Lake it self and we reckoned above 200 Brooks which came down from the Mountain which are over against the middle of it and which the Spaniards call Mountains of the Moon because that Vasco de Gama who first doubled the Cape of Good Hope in the Year 1497 to discover the Oriental Isles seeing the Moon on these Mountains appear as if it had toucht the top of them gave them this name The Natives of this Country call them the Mountains of the Ors that is of the Water because of the abundance of Water which continually runs down from them These who confound the Lake of Zembre with that of Zair speak upon very defective relations for we were assured that it was on the other side these Mountains about 50. Leagues from Zair Most Historians place a great number of Monsters in these Quartecs but upon no other foundation than the recital of those who first invented it all our enquiries could not serve us to discover the Original of a neighbouring Nation which the Europians call Caffres and the Natives the Country of Fordi We were informed that a Native having taken a small She Tigres became so familiar with the Beast that he loved her Carnally and committed that infamous Crime with her whence came an Animal half Man and half Beast which gave the original to these Savages which cannot be humanized a very probable proof of this relation is that their Heads and Feet are very like those of Tigers and even their Body is in some places markt with spots like those of these Animals We returned by the River of Cari●● and staid 20 days upon the Road with the same divertisements which we had upon the River Zair except that whatever we saw as we came back was become common to us and excited a less admiration than at first CHAP. III. Of the Accidents which brought Sadeur into the Southern World SO soon as we were returned we set sail with a Wind and Sea as favourable as we could wish them we arrived in 8 days to the Cape of Good Hope where we would not stay for fear of losing the opportunity of so fair a season which is very rare in this place we were got within sight of Port Dananbolo in the Isle of Madacascar where we were wind bound for more than forty six hours afterwards an East Wind so furiously tost the Sea and drove us with that impetuosity that it broke our Cordage and drove us above a thousand Leagues to the West Many saw some Isles on the right hand and took them for those which are called the Trinity 't was there that a Rock at the top of the water broke our Vessel into two parts and where we found our selves exposed to the mercy of the most inexorable of all the Elements I could never tell what became of the other Ships nor what was the fortune of my Companions in this wreck because 't was in the night and very dark for I was only busied how to save my self my
to my self I saw the Creature which bounded and it cast water out of its Nostrils with horrible hissings and afterwards sunk down again clear under the water The Birds which pursued me were retired so that I found my self alone in the midst of the water without any other assistance than my piece of Wood and without any other thought than that of death which I well saw could not be avoided I was so spent with the Fatigues which I had undergone and so incommoded with the water which I had swallowed down that no one would think humanity capable of resisting so great Evils in this Estate I remembred my fruits and eat two of them after which I found it impossible to avoid sleeping so that I was oblig'd to turn me upon my plank with my face upwards to be in some manner without danger of being strangled by the waters I closed my eyes and knew not how long I tarried in this posture but I wakned at last by the rays of the Sun which darted very bright upon my face and I found that I was driven by the Wind North-East with great swiftness altho the Sea was pretty smooth I thought my heart and mind in a very calm posture and a little after I found my self very near a Country whither the Wind had driven me my crooked fingers were so clinched to my plank that I had much ado to disentangle them to get upon shore my Cloaths were so heavy with the water which they had drunk up that I could scarce carry them the tossing of the Sea and salt water which I had drank had so distemper'd my head that I found much ado to endure it I was like a man whom the excess of Wine or many turnings had made giddy and rendred incapable of doing any thing to the purpose all that I could do was to trail my plank at a certain distance where I layed me down and soon fell a sleep my sleep in some measure setled my Brain and dryed my cloaths which I rub●d to make 'em less incommodious I remembred I had yet one of these fruits which I have spoken of and having eaten it I perceived that want of nourishment was the principal cause of my extreme weakness I then advanced to seek out something else and after having marched about 200 Paces I found many Trees but I perceived no fruit which made me fall into a profound raving tho I forbore not all the time to march on and as I went I lookt downwards and saw two fruits upon the Earth which were covered with leaves I took 'em as a present from Heaven and after I had eaten one of them I perceiv'd my strength to encrease which encouraged me to advance on my way and to examine the place where I might be which I found to be about 35 deg South I saw many signs which perswaded me that the firm Land was not far off the water was very fresh The Winds blew South and I remarkt that they were very much interrupted I even perceived certain extraordinary Vapours in a word I flattered my self that I saw some appearence of a Country and endeavouring much to get forward I found a Tree laden with great fruit whose branches were bowed down to the Earth the place was all tapistred with Flowers of divers colours and perfumed with very agreeable Odours as soon as I had eaten of this fruit I fell into a great benumness and I was so affected that in looking upon all things about me I could see nothing distinctly A little time after I heard many howlings of Beasts which seemed to be very near me and I soon perceived Seven which were of the bigness and colour of our great Bears besides that every Paw appeared as bigg as their whole Head they approacht me and retired many times without touching me but at last they came up all together on purpose to devour me and I was all bloody when two great Birds of the form of those which I have mentioned above came to light upon these Animals and obliged them to retire and to hide themselves in the next Caverns they could meet with The Birds persued them but catching none of them they came back to me and after having given me some wounds with their Talons one of them seized me between her two feet and lifted me up very high in the Air The Girdle that I had went many times about me and sav'd my life by keeping me from being pierced into the Entrails however I was in continual fear after a long way these animals rested themselves upon a Rock where that which carried me set me down and the other seiz'd me after the same manner that the first did In fine the pain that they put me to became in supportable and having cast me into a kind of dispair I threw my self vigorously upon his neck and found strength enough to tear out his eyes with my Teeth he fell at the same time into the water and having let me go I soon mounted upon his back his Companion who flew before to divide the Air perceiving that the other followed not and having seen us upon the Water turned back and fell upon me with a dreadful impetuosity he pitcht upon my shoulders and struck such blows at me as would have been mortal if they had hit me I always kept a little Poniard at my Girdle which I thrust into his Belly with much ado for these Birds are almost impenitrable as we shall see afterwards having two great Scales which environ them and which defend 'em like those of Tortoises whilst I fought against this second Enemy the first slipt from under my Thighs and got from me which made me lay hold on one of the Claws of the last by which he lift me up very high and I held fast for fear of falling he cry'd terribly and after having raised himself pretty high he threw himself into the Sea again and by the favour of this Element I had the liberty to cast my self upon his neck and so got upon his back He howled at the loss of his blood tumbled and turned himself after a thousand ways to shake me off and constrain me to leave him I thought then of nothing else but of holding him fast to hinder the effect of his effort because that my Plank which was my only assistance being lost I saw no mean betwixt quitting him and perishing at last he staied upon the Water without any other motion than an Ox whose throat is cut confessing by his stilness that I had overcome him having then some leisure to take breath and to think of my Wounds I could not distinguish any part in all my body which was not torn and bloody my Cloaths were all rent not one part escaping whole the water of the Sea altho 't was very fresh in that place yet was salt enough to cause such pain as made me lose my Senses I apprehended sometime afterwards that some Guards from
third is Salt which they call G the fourth is Water which they call I and the fifth is Earth which they call U. All their Adjectives and their Epithets are expressed by so many single Consonants of which they have a greater number than the Europeans Every Consonant signifies a Quality that belongs to the things signified by the Vowels Thus B signifies Clear C Hot D Disagreeable F Dry and by these Explications they so perfectly from their words that assoon as a Man hears them pronounced he presently conceives the nature of things they signifie as for example they call the Stars AeB a word which signifies in one Breath the two chief Elements or simple Bodies of which they are composed and withal that they are Luminous They call the Sun Aab the Birds Oef which signifies at once that they are composed of a dry salt and airy substance They call a Man Vez which signifies a substance partly airy and partly Earthy tempered with some moisture the same method they observe in the composition of other Names The advantage of this way of speaking is that by this means a Man becomes a Philosopher by learning the first words he pronounces and that one can name nothing at the same time which would pass for a miraculous thing with any one that knew not their Alphabet nor the composition of their words And if their way of speaking be admirable their method of writing is much more they use only points to express their Vowels which points are distinguish'd only by their Situation They have Five places for them the uppermost signifying A the second E and so forward As for example A E I O U. And though it seems to us very difficult to distinguish them yet use has made it very easie to them they have 36 Consonants 24 of which are remarkable they are little strokes that are made round about the points and signifie according to the order of their several places as for example E B signifies clear Air I C Hot Water I X Cold Water U L Moist Earth A F Dry fire E S White Air and so all the rest they have about 18 or 19 more which we have no Consonants in Europe that can express The more we consider that way of writing the more secrets we shall find in it to admire B signifies clear or bright C hot X cold L moist F dry S white N black T green D disagreeable P sweet Q pleasant R bitter M desirable G evil Z high H low J consonant red A join'd with 2 peaceable Thus assoon as they hear or pronounce a word they apprehend at the same time the nature of the thing signified by it as when they write this word Ipin they presently understand by it an Apple both sweet and delicious and Izd a bad and disagreeable Fruit c. When they teach a Child they explain to him all the Elements and the nature of all things signified by the words he pronounces Which is of wonderful advantage as well to the publick as to particular persons because as soon as they know how to read which is commonly at three years old they apprehend at the same time the Properties of all manner of Beings They attain to perfection in reading at ten years and are skilled in all the Secrets of their Letters at fourteen They understand all the difficulties of Philosophy at twenty and from twenty to twenty five they apply themselves to the contemplation of the Stars and they divide that Study into three parts the first concerns the Revolution of the Stars the second their distinction and the third their qualities with their Reasonings thereupon which are quite different from those of our Europeans upon that Subject But this being a Matter purely Philosophical it is no proper place here to enter into any particular explication of it From twenty five till twenty eight years of Age they imploy themselves in studying the History of their Country and 't is only in that one point they shew a weakness of mind like to that of other People as well in respect of the great Antiquity to which they extend their Original as of the fabulous things they relate of the first Men from which they pretend themselves descended For they count above 12000 Revolutions of Solstices since the beginning of their Republick They pretend to derive their Original from HAAB that is a God who they say produced three Men from whom all the rest descended They have some Records written upon old Barks of Trees that contain 8000 Revolutions of their History which are written in the form of Annals the rest is comprehended in 48 Volumes of a prodigious bigness but all that is reported in them has more of the appearance of Romantick Prodigies than of real historical Events and is more wonderful than credible For if all they relate be true the Stars are multiplied by two thirds more than they were at first the Sun grown bigger by one half and the Moon on the contrary shrunk much less the Sea has changed its place and a thousand other like things have happened contrary to all appearance of probability As for us Europeans and the rest of Mankind they make our Race to begin not 'till 5000 Revolutions after them and the Original which they give us is altogether Ridiculous for they Report That a Serpent of an unmeasurable bigness and of an amphibious nature which they call Ams throwing himself upon a Woman while she was asleep and having enjoyed her without doing her any other mischief the Woman waking towards the end of the action was struck with such a horror at it that in a fright she threw her self into the Sea but that the Serpent leaping in after her swam by her and keeping her above water carried her to a neighbouring Island where the Woman recovering her fright and being moved with the strange friendship shown her by that Animal repented of her despair and was wrought upon to use all endeavours to preserve her life and accordingly sought about that Desart for all that might contribute to her Nourishment and the Serpent on his side brought her all he could find At last this Woman was delivered of two Children the one a Boy and the other a Girl Upon which the Serpent redoubled bis care and never ceased going up and down to look for Provisions to feed the Mother and the Children and when he could not meet with the Fruits which they ordinarily fed upon he would take Fish and sometimes small Animals and bring them to eat But as those Children grew up they shewed every day more and more visible marks of malice and brutality which so grieved the Mother that nothing could appease her sorrow The Serpent thereupon taking notice of her trouble and thinking she pined after her own Country after he had endeavoured to comfort ber without any effect he made her understand by signs that if she had a mind to return to her own