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long_o and_o so_o faint_v as_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o superponderant_n continual_o decrease_v chap._n vii_o the_o reason_n of_o all_o those_o extravagant_a phaenomena_n which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n of_o torricellius_n 1._o because_o the_o small_a weight_n of_o quicksilver_n be_v not_o able_a to_o master_v the_o elastic_a pressure_n of_o the_o external_a ayr._n 2._o because_o then_o the_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n superponderates_n and_o overpower_n both_o the_o air_n be_v elastic_a virtue_n and_o gravity_n 3._o because_o at_o that_o stint_n of_o 29._o inch_n the_o internal_a cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n come_v to_o a_o aequilibration_n with_o the_o external_a cylinder_n of_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n 4._o and_o 5._o because_o that_o in_o wide_a and_o long_a tube_n there_o be_v at_o first_o include_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n it_o do_v more_o strong_o overpower_v the_o elastic_a resistance_n of_o the_o 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cylinder_n viz._n of_o quicksilver_n water_n and_o ayr._n in_o which_o experiment_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o remarkable_a appearance_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o pass_v our_o observation_n 1._o that_o after_o inversion_n of_o the_o tube_n into_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n before_o you_o draw_v away_o your_o finger_n from_o the_o orifice_n you_o may_v observe_v continual_a bubble_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n by_o a_o ebullition_n and_o so_o present_o to_o create_v the_o little_a cap_n of_o air_n former_o observe_v in_o our_o 14._o obseru._n though_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o orifice_n a_o be_v never_o so_o close_o stop_v 2._o that_o after_o the_o removal_n of_o your_o finger_n and_o collapsion_n of_o the_o mercury_n to_o as_o aforesaid_a the_o volatile_a bubble_n of_o air_n still_o pass_v through_o the_o region_n of_o water_n for_o a_o long_a time_n 3._o that_o if_o the_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n include_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o above_o 29._o 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as_o before_z it_o
come_v any_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v diffuse_v or_o disperse_v throughout_o our_o element_n or_o if_o it_o be_v why_o shall_v not_o the_o aetherial_a particle_n fly_v all_o away_o to_o their_o proper_a sphere_n or_o be_v rather_o force_v thither_o by_o the_o continual_a pressure_n of_o these_o heavy_a body_n as_o we_o see_v no_o air_n will_v abide_v in_o water_n but_o be_v force_v up_o into_o its_o proper_a region_n and_o element_n above_o it_o solut._n 1_o we_o grant_v that_o the_o aether_n pierce_v equal_o in_o on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o so_o likewise_o on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n into_o which_o it_o will_v not_o have_v enter_v have_v there_o be_v no_o air_n at_o all_o which_o have_v free_o open_v in_o its_o dilation_n to_o receive_v the_o come_a aether_n into_o its_o intimate_a recess_n solut._n 2._o why_o the_o aether_n hit_v not_o out_o again_o during_o the_o interim_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n may_v be_v because_o it_o have_v either_o change_v 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the_o vessel_n which_o show_v the_o descend_a quicksilver_n perpetual_o observe_v its_o sandard-altitude_n from_o what_o height_n soever_o but_o the_o great_a business_n be_v if_o you_o open_v the_o little_a pipe_n g_o and_o let_v in_o any_o air_n you_o shall_v not_o only_o see_v it_o to_o depel_v the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n a_o e_z but_o to_o force_v up_o the_o quicksilver_n out_o of_o the_o cube_n c_o into_o the_o small_a tube_n b_o f_o to_o its_o wont_a altitude_n of_o 29._o inch_n and_o total_o to_o expel_v the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n e_o a_o out_o of_o the_o tube_n which_o ocular_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o atmosphaerical_a air_n that_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n raise_v and_o keep_v up_o that_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n of_o 29._o inch_n in_o altitude_n or_o thereabouts_o chap._n viii_o additional_a experiment_n make_v at_o townley-hall_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o and_o 1661._o by_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o that_o heroic_a 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airy_a magnetical_a and_o celestial_a particle_n beside_o the_o halituous_a effluvium_n of_o all_o body_n whatsoever_o but_o this_o contrary_a to_o observat_fw-la chap._n v._n that_o the_o evacuated_a cylinder_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o atmosphaerical_a air_n only_o by_o atmosphaerical_a air_n i_o understand_v such_o as_o we_o constant_o breathe_v and_o live_v in_o and_o be_v a_o mix_a body_n of_o luminous_a and_o magnetical_a effluvium_n powder_v with_o the_o influential_a atom_n of_o heaven_n from_o above_o and_o the_o halituous_a effluxion_n and_o aporrhoea_n of_o this_o terraqueous_a globe_n below_o and_o that_o no_o such_o air_n fill_v the_o superior_a cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n take_v this_o experiment_n to_o evince_v you_o experiment_n 5._o have_v fill_v close_v and_o reverse_v the_o tube_n ab_fw-la as_o before_o into_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n d_o fill_v up_o the_o say_a vessel_n with_o water_n about_o 2._o inch_n deep_a then_o lift_v the_o tube_n 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it_o till_o it_o come_v to_o that_o particle_n of_o air_n which_o indeed_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o we_o and_o which_o we_o tell_v you_o former_o lurk_v betwixt_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o that_o neither_o the_o rise_a water_n nor_o ascend_a quicksilver_n can_v or_o do_v exterminate_v this_o truth_n also_o be_v manifest_o evince_v from_o the_o twelve_o observable_a annex_v to_o the_o first_o hydrargyral_a experiment_n which_o palpable_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o common_a air_n which_o supply_v that_o seem_a vacuity_n chap._n vi_o have_v draw_v the_o former_a negative_a conclusion_n and_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o light_v only_o not_o mercurial_a spirit_n not_o atmosphaerical_a air_n which_o be_v diffuse_v through_o that_o seem_a vacuity_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v we_o shall_v deliver_v something_o positive_o and_o demonstrate_v what_o it_o be_v pecquet_n who_o i_o think_v follow_v 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self-dilatation_n so_o that_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o this_o atmosphaere_n especial_o the_o inferior_a sort_n strive_v at_o all_o time_n to_o expand_v and_o dilate_v themselves_o and_o when_o the_o circumresistency_n of_o other_o contiguous_a body_n to_o they_o be_v remove_v than_o they_o fly_v out_o into_o their_o desire_a expansion_n or_o at_o least_o will_v dilate_v so_o far_o as_o neighbour_a obstacle_n will_v permit_v just_o like_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o watch_n which_o if_o the_o string_n be_v break_v present_o fly_v out_o into_o its_o full_a expansion_n which_o elastic_a motion_n in_o the_o air_n than_o cease_v when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o aequilibration_n with_o those_o circumjacent_a body_n that_o resist_v it_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o a_o ingenious_a hypothesis_n but_o that_o there_o be_v much_o of_o reality_n and_o truth_n in_o it_o i_o think_v our_o follow_a experiment_n will_v to_o safety_n of_o satisfaction_n demonstrate_v only_o we_o differ_v from_o pecquet_n in_o the_o strict_a notion_n he_o have_v of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v without_o either_o intromission_n or_o exclusion_n of_o any_o other_o extraneous_a body_n whatsoever_o now_o how_o air_n or_o any_o other_o body_n shall_v diminish_v or_o augment_v its_o quantity_n which_o be_v the_o most_o close_a and_o essential_a attribute_n to_o body_n without_o change_n of_o its_o own_o substance_n or_o at_o least_o without_o a_o reception_n or_o exclusion_n of_o some_o other_o extrinsical_a body_n either_o into_o or_o out_o of_o the_o porosity_n thereof_o sound_v not_o only_o harsh_a to_o our_o ear_n but_o be_v beside_o a_o unintelligible_a difficulty_n now_o though_o we_o can_v by_o sensible_a and_o mechanical_a demonstration_n show_v how_o any_o new_a substance_n or_o subtle_a matter_n than_o air_n be_v which_o enter_v into_o the_o tube_n to_o replenish_v that_o seem_a vacuity_n and_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o aerial_a interstice_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v considerable_a in_o so_o great_a a_o self-dilation_n yet_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o rarefaction_n aforesaid_a be_v force_v to_o believe_v it_o and_o perhaps_o some_o happy_a experimenter_n hereafter_o may_v come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o better_a than_o this_o speculative_a and_o metaphysical_a evidence_n of_o it_o that_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o only_o fill_v up_o with_o the_o dilate_a particle_n of_o air_n but_o also_o with_o a_o thin_a aetherial_a substance_n intermingle_v with_o they_o 1._o let_v we_o suppose_v therefore_o at_o random_n if_o you_o please_v that_o there_o be_v a_o thin_a subtle_a aetherial_a substance_n diffuse_v throughout_o the_o universe_n nay_o which_o indeed_o by_o far_o the_o great_a thereof_o in_o which_o all_o these_o luminous_a and_o opace_fw-la body_n i_o mean_v the_o star_n and_o planet_n with_o their_o luminous_a and_o vaporous_a sphere_n continual_o effluviate_a from_o they_o do_v swim_v 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experiment_n 6._o take_v a_o windgun_n which_o new_a artifice_n be_v now_o common_a and_o weigh_v it_o exact_o when_o empty_a then_o by_o ply_v the_o pump-staff_n charge_v it_o sound_o and_o weigh_v it_o again_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o much_o heavy_a than_o before_o yea_o a_o large_a bladder_n full_o blow_v will_v weigh_v more_o than_o its_o self_n empty_v and_o manifest_v this_o inequality_n upon_o a_o ticklish_a pair_n of_o scales_n now_o though_o this_o experiment_n seem_v only_o to_o evince_v the_o gravitation_n of_o air_n condense_v yet_o it_o consequential_o follow_v that_o air_n also_o in_o the_o liberty_n of_o its_o own_o sphere_n be_v proportional_o ponderous_a though_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a point_n mechanical_o to_o evince_v it_o unless_o we_o be_v actual_o above_o the_o atmosphaere_n or_o in_o a_o vacuity_n to_o weigh_v it_o there_o in_o a_o thin_a medium_n than_o here_o we_o be_v able_a to_o do_v yet_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o i_o have_v a_o experiment_n in_o banco_n which_o will_v give_v some_o mechanical_a evidence_n of_o this_o
nay_o and_o probable_o into_o the_o diaphanous_a humour_n also_o be_v not_o discernible_a but_o when_o they_o be_v preter-natural_o distend_v in_o a_o ophthalmia_fw-la and_o so_o grow_v turgent_fw-la and_o conspicuous_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o in_o most_o quick_a fish_n though_o you_o cut_v a_o piece_n of_o their_o flesh_n off_o yet_o will_v no_o blood_n be_v discernible_a though_o they_o be_v sanguineous_a animal_n but_o the_o blood_n be_v so_o divide_v by_o the_o minuteness_n of_o their_o capillary_a vessel_n or_o percribration_n through_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o part_n that_o either_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o redness_n or_o our_o eye_n be_v not_o able_a to_o discover_v its_o tincture_n second_o it_o be_v observable_a also_o from_o the_o former_a experiment_n that_o in_o these_o minute_n animal_n their_o nutritive_a liquor_n never_o arise_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o blood_n but_o continual_o as_o it_o be_v remain_v chyle_n within_o they_o for_o want_v of_o a_o high_a heat_n to_o die_v it_o into_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n nay_o you_o shall_v observe_v in_o perfect_a sanguineous_a animal_n a_o circulation_n of_o a_o albugineous_a chylie-matter_n before_o the_o blood_n have_v a_o be_v if_o you_o take_v nature_n at_o the_o rise_n and_o critical_o observe_v she_o in_o her_o rudimental_a and_o obscure_a beginning_n for_o view_v but_o a_o egg_n after_o the_o second_o day_n incubation_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o cicatricula_fw-la in_o the_o yolk_n dilate_v to_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o groat_n or_o sixpence_n into_o transparent_a concentrical_a circle_n in_o the_o centre_n whereof_o be_v a_o white_a spot_n with_o small_a white_a thread_n which_o in_o futurity_n prove_v the_o heart_n with_o its_o vein_n and_o artery_n but_o at_o present_a both_o its_o motion_n and_o circulation_n be_v undiscernible_a to_o the_o bare_a eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o feebleness_n thereof_o and_o also_o because_o both_o the_o liquor_n and_o its_o vessel_n be_v concolour_n to_o the_o white_a of_o the_o egg_n they_o swim_v in_o but_o the_o heart_n do_v circulate_v this_o serous_a diaphanous_a liquor_n before_o by_o a_o high_a heat_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o blood_n and_o one_o thing_n here_o i_o be_o tempt_v to_o annex_v which_o be_v a_o pretty_a and_o beneficial_a observation_n of_o the_o microscope_n and_o that_o be_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o you_o can_v see_v this_o red_a pulse_v particle_n appear_v which_o doctor_n harvey_n conceit_v not_o to_o be_v the_o heart_n but_o one_o of_o its_o auricles_n you_o shall_v most_o distinct_o see_v it_o to_o be_v the_o whole_a heart_n with_o both_o auricles_n and_o both_o ventricles_n the_o one_o manifest_o precede_v the_o pulse_n of_o the_o other_o which_o two_o motion_n the_o bare_a eye_n judge_n to_o be_v synchronical_a and_o without_o any_o interlope_a perisystole_n at_o all_o so_o admirable_a be_v every_o organ_n of_o this_o machine_n of_o we_o frame_v that_o every_o part_n within_o we_o be_v entire_o make_v when_o the_o whole_a organ_n seem_v too_o little_a to_o have_v any_o part_n at_o all_o three_o it_o be_v peculiar_o remarkable_a from_o observation_n xxxi_o that_o not_o only_o the_o blood_n in_o perfect_a animal_n and_o the_o chyle_n in_o imperfect_a one_o but_o also_o the_o animal_n spirit_n have_v a_o circulation_n which_o singular_a observation_n have_v often_o provoke_v and_o entice_v our_o endeavour_n into_o a_o further_a enquiry_n after_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o spirit_n as_o to_o their_o origin_n or_o generation_n their_o activity_n and_o motion_n with_o some_o other_o eminent_a property_n belong_v to_o they_o we_o shall_v draw_v our_o thought_n together_o and_o so_o present_v they_o to_o your_o view_n i_o will_v not_o say_v that_o our_o discourse_n hereon_o shall_v pass_v for_o a_o un-controllable_a authentic_a truth_n it_o be_v all_o my_o ambition_n if_o it_o attain_v but_o to_o the_o favourable_a reception_n of_o a_o rational_a hypothesis_n at_o last_o a_o digression_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n first_o then_o we_o have_v not_o those_o narrow_a conception_n of_o these_o subtle_a spirit_n to_o think_v that_o they_o be_v only_o include_v within_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n or_o generate_v much_o less_o create_v there_o but_o we_o do_v believe_v that_o they_o be_v universal_o diffuse_v throughout_o all_o body_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o nature_n at_o first_o create_v this_o aetherial_a substance_n or_o subtle_a particle_n and_o diffuse_v they_o throughout_o the_o universe_n to_o give_v fermentation_n and_o concretion_n to_o mineral_n vegetation_n and_o maturation_n to_o plant_n life_n sense_n and_o motion_n to_o animal_n and_o indeed_o to_o be_v the_o main_a though_o invisible_a agent_n in_o all_o nature_n three_o kingdom_n mineral_n vegetal_n and_o animal_n and_o lest_o they_o shall_v because_o of_o their_o exceed_a volatility_n and_o activity_n be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n nature_n have_v immerse_v they_o in_o grosser_n matter_n and_o imprison_v they_o in_o several_a body_n with_o which_o she_o have_v intermix_v they_o the_o better_a to_o curb_v the_o boundless_a activity_n of_o so_o thin_a and_o spirituous_a a_o substance_n and_o therefore_o the_o spirit_n of_o all_o compound_n body_n especial_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v under_o a_o triple_a notion_n viz._n under_o the_o state_n of_o 1._o fixation_n 2._o fusion_n 3._o volatilization_n first_o of_o fixation_n when_o they_o be_v so_o complicate_v with_o the_o grosser_n particle_n of_o matter_n and_o lock_v therein_o so_o fast_o that_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v separate_v and_o dis-imprisoned_n as_o in_o mineral_n but_o most_o especial_o in_o gold_n second_o the_o state_n of_o fusion_n i_o call_v that_o when_o the_o spirit_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o help_n have_v so_o wrought_v themselves_o towards_o a_o liberty_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o middle_a way_n to_o volatility_n as_o in_o half-concocted_n mineral_n ferment_v vapour_n or_o liquor_n and_o half-ripned_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n three_o the_o spirit_n be_v in_o their_o three_o state_n of_o volatility_n when_o after_o a_o colluctancy_n with_o the_o grosser_n particle_n they_o have_v so_o subjugate_v and_o overcome_v they_o that_o they_o be_v just_a upon_o wing_n and_o ready_a to_o fly_v away_o as_o in_o wine_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o fermentation_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o our_o arterial_a blood_n always_o now_o we_o observe_v that_o those_o body_n that_o relax_v and_o open_v the_o grosser_n composition_n of_o other_o body_n do_v present_o create_v a_o fermentation_n for_o be_v like_o so_o many_o key_n they_o set_v the_o imprison_a spirit_n at_o liberty_n which_o present_o fall_v on_o work_v and_o by_o attenuate_v the_o grosser_n part_n separate_v the_o heterogeneous_a volatilize_v some_o precipitate_v of_o other_o digest_v of_o other_o expel_v of_o other_o do_v at_o last_o mould_n it_o and_o work_v it_o to_o such_o a_o body_n as_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v up_o in_o all_o which_o interval_n of_o time_n there_o be_v a_o palpable_a and_o sensible_a heat_n produce_v thus_o this_o spirit_n be_v embowel_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o meet_v there_o with_o convenient_a matter_n and_o adjuvant_fw-la cause_n do_v proceed_v to_o produce_v mineral_n create_v a_o actual_a heat_n wheresoever_o it_o operate_v as_o in_o alum_n or_o copperase_n mine_n which_o be_v break_v expose_v and_o moisten_v will_v gather_v a_o actual_a heat_n and_o produce_v much_o more_o of_o those_o mineral_n than_o else_o the_o mine_n will_v yield_v as_o agricola_n and_o thurniseer_n do_v affirm_v and_o be_v prove_v by_o common_a experience_n the_o like_a be_v general_o observe_v in_o mine_n as_o agricola_n erastus_n and_o â—ibanius_n etc._n etc._n do_v affirm_v and_o avouch_v out_o of_o the_o daily_a experience_n of_o mineral_n man_n who_o affirm_v that_o in_o most_o place_n they_o find_v their_o mine_n so_o hot_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o touch_v they_o although_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o where_o they_o work_v for_o perfect_a mineral_n the_o heat_n which_o be_v in_o fermentation_n whilst_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o breed_v be_v now_o much_o abate_v the_o mineral_n be_v grow_v to_o their_o perfection_n as_o the_o skilful_a and_o excellent_a doctor_n jordan_n very_o well_o infer_v the_o like_a heat_n we_o observe_v constant_o to_o be_v in_o our_o coalpit_n nay_o we_o sometime_o observe_v in_o our_o brass-lump_n as_o our_o collier_n call_v they_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o marcasite_n a_o very_a great_a heat_n for_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o moist_a air_n or_o sprinkle_v with_o water_n they_o will_v smoke_v and_o grow_v exceed_o hot_a and_o if_o they_o be_v lay_v up_o on_o a_o heap_n and_o water_v they_o will_v turn_v into_o a_o glow_a red_a hot_a fire_n as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o myself_o and_o it_o be_v a_o casualty_n once_o terrible_a to_o our_o neighbour-town_n of_o ealand_n for_o there_o one_o wilson_n a_o patient_n
partly_o arise_v from_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o climate_n the_o air_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o hot_a than_o we_o partly_o from_o the_o difference_n and_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n here_o and_o there_o as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v make_v more_o intelligible_a and_o partly_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o our_o measure_n and_o they_o or_o from_o the_o club_n and_o combination_n of_o all_o these_o cause_n join_v together_o to_o which_o i_o may_v well_o superadd_a the_o negligence_n or_o inconsideration_n of_o those_o that_o try_v this_o experiment_n for_o you_o may_v alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n as_o you_o do_v rude_o or_o cautious_o tunnel_n in_o the_o quicksilver_n into_o the_o tube_n for_o i_o have_v some_o time_n with_o exact_a caution_n make_v it_o to_o rise_v to_o 30._o inch_n in_o altitude_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o restagnant_fw-la quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n i_o set_v down_o 29._o inch_n as_o its_o determinate_a height_n to_o which_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o mount_n though_o you_o use_v but_o a_o careless_a kind_n of_o carefulness_n in_o the_o management_n of_o the_o experiment_n chap._n ii_o that_o in_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n there_o be_v no_o absolute_a vacuity_n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o any_o further_a experiment_n we_o will_v first_o canvas_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o primitive_a one_o of_o torricellius_n which_o have_v give_v occasion_n of_o try_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o then_o we_o wilâ—_n deliver_v our_o hypothesis_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v salve_v all_o the_o strange_a appearance_n not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o in_o those_o stranger_n that_o follow_v valerianus_n magnus_n and_o some_o other_o be_v so_o fond_a to_o believe_v this_o desert_v cylinder_n to_o be_v a_o absolute_a vacuity_n which_o be_v not_o only_o non-philosophical_a but_o very_o ridiculous_a 1._o for_o the_o space_n desert_v have_v both_o longitude_n latitude_n and_o profundity_n therefore_o a_o body_n for_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o a_o body_n consist_v only_o in_o extension_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a and_o unseparable_a property_n of_o all_o body_n whatsoever_o 2._o again_o we_o have_v the_o sensible_a eviction_n of_o our_o own_o eye_n to_o confute_v this_o suppositional_a vacuity_n for_o we_o see_v the_o whole_a space_n to_o be_v luminous_a as_o by_o obser._n now_o light_n must_v either_o be_v a_o substance_n or_o else_o how_o shall_v it_o subsist_v if_o a_o bare_a quality_n in_o a_o vacuity_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o support_v it_o 3._o again_o the_o magnetical_a efluxion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diffuse_v through_o that_o seem_a vacuity_n as_o per_fw-la experiment_n 4._o there_o be_v some_o air_n also_o intersperse_v in_o that_o seem_a vacuity_n which_o can_v be_v expel_v upon_o any_o inclination_n of_o the_o tube_n whatsoever_o as_o by_o obser._n be_v manifest_a 5._o the_o most_o full_a evidence_n against_o this_o pretend_a vacuity_n be_v from_o the_o returgenscency_n of_o the_o empty_a bladder_n suspend_v in_o this_o vacuity_n for_o how_o shall_v it_o be_v so_o full_o blow_v from_o nothing_o as_o be_v by_o exp._n most_o incomparable_o evince_v chap._n iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o efluvium_n of_o mercury_n that_o fill_v up_o that_o seem_a vacuity_n before_o we_o come_v positive_o to_o declare_v what_o it_o be_v that_o supply_v this_o seem_a vacuity_n let_v we_o draw_v some_o negative_a conclusion_n and_o see_v if_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o supply_v with_o any_o spirit_n mercurial_a or_o exhalation_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v most_o full_o do_v by_o a_o ingenious_a experiment_n borrow_v from_o the_o mechanical_a wit_n of_o doctor_n pascal_n which_o shall_v pass_v for_o the_o second_o in_o the_o bedroll_n of_o our_o experiment_n doctor_n pascal_n experiment_n 2._o that_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o fill_v up_o with_o any_o hydrargyral_a emanation_n may_v be_v thus_o evince_v because_o he_o have_v find_v the_o same_o experiment_n to_o succeed_v in_o water_n only_o without_o any_o quicksilver_n at_o all_o for_o he_o take_v a_o tube_n or_o lead-pipe_n of_o 46._o foot_n in_o length_n make_v close_o at_o the_o one_o end_n in_o cast_v of_o it_o and_o have_v fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n and_o reverse_v it_o into_o a_o pail_n of_o water_n underneath_o about_o a_o foot_n deep_a he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o fall_v within_o 32._o foot_n of_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n so_o that_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v 13._o foot_n so_o tall_a a_o cylinder_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v it_o seem_v but_o aequiponderous_a to_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o 28._o inch_n kircher_n and_o birthius_n it_o seem_v also_o have_v try_v the_o like_a in_o a_o lead-pipe_n of_o a_o 100_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n diameter_n into_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v let_v in_o a_o short_a neck_a weatherglass_n or_o bolt-head_n and_o fasten_v so_o to_o that_o no_o air_n can_v pierce_v the_o coement_fw-la that_o lute_v the_o glass_n and_o lead-pipe_n together_o which_o lead-pipe_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v also_o fit_v with_o a_o turn-cock_n which_o when_o it_o be_v once_o fill_v with_o water_n will_v keep_v it_o in_o till_o they_o have_v reverse_v it_o into_o a_o hogshead_n of_o water_n underneath_o and_o then_o by_o a_o turn_n of_o the_o cock_n let_v out_o the_o water_n it_o desert_v the_o bolt_n head_n and_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n wherein_o appear_v this_o seem_a vacuity_n experiment_n 3._o but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o truth_n let_v i_o subjoin_v another_o experiment_n which_o shall_v here_o pass_v for_o our_o three_o of_o the_o same_o author_n be_v take_v a_o glass-syringe_n or_o squirt_n of_o what_o length_n you_o please_v exact_o fit_v with_o a_o squirt-staff_n stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o your_o syringe_n close_o with_o your_o finger_n and_o so_o drown_v it_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n with_o hand_n and_o all_o in_o a_o large_a vessel_n of_o water_n then_o draw_v back_o the_o squirt_n staff_n and_o the_o syringe_n will_v appear_v a_o vacuity_n which_o will_v pain_v your_o finger_n by_o a_o introsuction_n of_o it_o in_o at_o the_o orifice_n but_o if_o than_o you_o erect_v the_o syringe_n perpendicular_a and_o draw_v it_o all_o out_o of_o the_o water_n except_v that_o end_n close_v by_o your_o finger_n and_o then_o open_a the_o orifice_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n sudden_o arise_v and_o fill_v the_o desert_a cavity_n of_o the_o syringe_n both_o which_o experiment_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o seem_a vacuity_n may_v be_v exhibit_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o quicksilver_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o this_o imaginary_a space_n in_o the_o torricellian-experiment_n aforesaid_a can_v rational_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v repleat_v with_o any_o mercurial_a effluvium_n chap._n iu._n experiment_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o light_v only_o which_o supply_v this_o seem_a vacuity_n take_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o long_a gun_n about_o 4._o foot_n long_o and_o bung_v up_o the_o touchhole_n fill_v it_o easy_o with_o mercury_n and_o reverse_v of_o it_o into_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n as_o before_o you_o may_v measure_v it_o to_o observe_v the_o determinate_a height_n aforesaid_a which_o you_o may_v easy_o perceive_v first_o by_o the_o flush_n out_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n upon_o removal_n of_o your_o finger_n into_o the_o vessel_n where_o the_o restagnant_fw-la quicksilver_n receive_v it_o second_o by_o the_o re-ascent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n upon_o tilt_v or_o pluck_v the_o gun_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o restagnant_fw-la mercury_n as_o also_o by_o the_o forceable_a introsuction_n of_o your_o finger_n if_o you_o close_v the_o muzzle_n of_o the_o barrel_n within_o the_o vesseled_a mercury_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o out_o and_o reverse_v it_o as_o also_o by_o the_o pluck_v and_o shog_v it_o will_v give_v in_o that_o action_n three_o and_o most_o perceptible_o by_o the_o repletion_n of_o it_o with_o water_n if_o you_o draw_v the_o tube_n gentle_o out_o of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n into_o a_o super-incumbent_n region_n of_o water_n which_o you_o first_o pour_v into_o the_o same_o vessel_n for_o then_o if_o you_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o your_o finger_n whilst_o it_o stand_v immerse_v in_o the_o region_n of_o water_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o out_o and_o reverse_v it_o you_o shall_v perceive_v it_o full_a of_o water_n the_o like_a no_o doubt_n will_v succeed_v in_o tube_n of_o other_o metal_n again_o if_o light_n only_o only_a i_o say_v because_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v light_a to_o be_v there_o fill_v up_o that_o empty_a cylinder_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o far_o more_o luminous_a as_o contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o pure_a solary_a atom_n than_o the_o external_a medium_n and_o region_n of_o the_o air_n about_o it_o which_o be_v confuse_o intermix_v both_o with_o
fall_v down_o within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n observe_v that_o in_o these_o mix_a experiment_n of_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n and_o mercury_n or_o all_o three_o together_o that_o when_o you_o have_v reverse_v the_o tube_n you_o must_v hold_v it_o close_o stop_v so_o long_o perpendicular_a till_o the_o several_a body_n have_v acquire_v their_o several_a respective_a and_o proper_a place_n to_o this_o experiment_n likewise_o we_o must_v annex_v one_o considerable_a phaenomenon_n first_o that_o before_o you_o withdraw_v your_o finger_n you_o shall_v perceive_v the_o internal_a quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o press_v so_o sensible_o upon_o your_o finger_n as_o if_o it_o will_v force_v a_o entrance_n out_o both_o before_o and_o after_o it_o be_v immerge_v in_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n which_o protrusion_n can_v possible_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n but_o the_o elatery_a of_o the_o include_v air_n 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21_o and_o 27_o inch_n in_o length_n in_o the_o first_o it_o fall_v 1._o inch_n in_o the_o second_o it_o fall_v 3_o ½_o inch_n in_o the_o three_o 5_o inch_n and_o more_o from_o the_o first_o point_n it_o stand_v at_o before_o you_o immerse_v it_o in_o the_o vesseled_a mercury_n this_o experiment_n draw_v i_o on_o to_o the_o trial_n of_o another_o for_o i_o think_v if_o quicksilver_n will_v descend_v with_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v with_o it_o in_o tube_n below_o the_o require_a pitch_n and_o standard_n of_o 29._o inch_n then_o probable_o some_o such_o like_a effect_n will_v follow_v in_o water_n and_o air_n include_v in_o any_o of_o the_o long_a sort_n of_o tube_n though_o much_o low_a than_o 32._o foot_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o water_n in_o its_o ascent_n in_o pump_n and_o other_o instrument_n as_o be_v beside_o deliver_v in_o exper._n experiment_n 13._o we_o therefore_o fill_v our_o glass-tubes_a of_o 45_o inch_n half_a with_o water_n and_o the_o rest_n with_o air_n and_o afterward_o inverse_v it_o into_o a_o pail_n of_o water_n one_o or_o two_o inch_n deep_a the_o success_n be_v that_o withdraw_v your_o finger_n as_o before_o the_o internal_a water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v shoot_v about_o two_o inch_n low_a than_o before_o and_o with_o such_o like_a vibration_n though_o far_o short_a than_o those_o in_o quicksilver_n last_o if_o you_o immerse_v the_o tube_n one_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o pail_n of_o water_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v rise_v somewhat_o high_o than_o before_o note_v that_o in_o these_o two_o last_o experiment_n the_o descent_n or_o fall_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n be_v most_o notable_a about_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o tube_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v equal_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n or_o air_n and_o water_n which_o experiment_n do_v not_o only_o make_v good_a what_o be_v former_o deliver_v of_o the_o air_n be_v elastic_a pressure_n but_o also_o it_o render_v doctor_n pascal_n experiment_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o water_n to_o 3â—_n foot_n very_o creditable_a to_o those_o that_o want_v instrument_n to_o try_v it_o experiment_n 14._o we_o also_o try_v that_o experiment_n of_o roberuallius_n quote_v by_o pecquet_n pag._n 50._o i_o take_v one_o of_o those_o little_a bladder_n that_o be_v in_o fish_n that_o in_o the_o little_a fish_n call_v with_o we_o a_o grain_n be_v best_a and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v a_o few_o day_n dry_v i_o let_v out_o all_o the_o air_n of_o it_o and_o tie_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o again_o so_o close_o that_o no_o new_a air_n can_v re-enter_v then_o i_o gentle_o wet_v it_o on_o the_o out_o side_n and_o drop_v it_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_a stick_n there_o and_o not_o be_v buoy_v up_o with_o the_o quicksilver_n pour_v in_o upon_o it_o then_o cautious_o tunnel_a in_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o reverse_v the_o tube_n as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n we_o find_v that_o after_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v come_v down_o to_o its_o wont_a pitch_n the_o fish-bladder_n be_v full_o blow_v and_o do_v swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o external_a air_n grow_v instant_o flavid_n and_o empty_a again_o now_o what_o else_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o bladder_n intumescence_n upon_o collapsion_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o its_o wont_a standard_n but_o the_o spontaneous_a dilatation_n and_o elastic_a rarefaction_n of_o that_o little_a remnant_n of_o air_n skulk_a in_o the_o rugosity_n thereof_o and_o then_o upon_o removal_n of_o the_o circumpress_a quicksilver_n expanding_n itself_o in_o the_o bladder_n as_o well_o as_o that_o do_v in_o the_o tube_n the_o reason_n of_o its_o flaccescency_n upon_o admission_n of_o external_a air_n be_v because_o then_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o it_o force_v the_o embladder_v air_n into_o its_o former_a extension_n and_o consistency_n again_o but_o hold_v before_o i_o pass_v from_o this_o experiment_n i_o must_v take_v pecquet_n in_o hand_n who_o upon_o confidence_n of_o this_o experiment_n insult_v high_o over_o those_o that_o admit_v not_o of_o his_o rarefaction_n but_o will_v introduce_v a_o new_a aetherial_a substance_n to_o intermingle_v with_o the_o dilate_a air_n to_o fill_v up_o this_o seem_a vacuity_n object_n 1._o if_o any_o aetherial_a substance_n penetrate_v the_o glass-tube_n it_o rush_n in_o equal_o on_o all_o side_n towards_o the_o bladder_n pendent_a in_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v rather_o press_v and_o squeeze_v the_o vesicle_n on_o all_o side_n close_o together_o than_o by_o a_o opposite_a motion_n and_o re-action_n upon_o itself_o extend_v and_o dilate_v it_o object_n 2._o again_o since_o it_o enter_v in_o so_o free_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o bladder_n what_o shall_v improfen_v it_o there_o since_o the_o pore_n which_o give_v it_o admittance_n be_v continual_o open_a and_o manifest_v themselves_o so_o to_o be_v when_o any_o external_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o tube_n for_o than_o it_o seem_v the_o aether_n fly_v out_o indeed_o and_o the_o air_n be_v recondense_v again_o into_o its_o natural_a and_o ordinary_a consistence_n object_n 3._o again_o if_o the_o quicksilver_n descend_v do_v impel_v the_o aether_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o help_v the_o dilate_a air_n in_o suppliance_n of_o that_o seem_a vacuity_n why_o shall_v not_o quicksilver_n total_o descend_v and_o fill_v the_o whole_a tube_n with_o aether_n and_o so_o consequent_o quicksilver_n shall_v descend_v in_o any_o tube_n though_o low_o than_o the_o ordinary_a stint_n of_o 29._o inch_n whatsoever_o contrary_a to_o experiment_n object_n 4._o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o superaerial_a region_n of_o aether_n as_o much_o light_a and_o subtle_a than_o air_n as_o air_n be_v then_o water_n how_o
a_o know_a weight_n as_o counterpoise_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o then_o measure_v the_o water_n in_o the_o mercurial_a vial_n aforesaid_a we_o find_v it_o to_o contain_v near_o 14._o time_n as_o much_o water_n as_o it_o do_v of_o mercury_n experiment_n 3._o we_o fill_v a_o tube_n with_o quicksilver_n as_o in_o the_o torricellian-experiment_n wherein_o much_o leisure_n and_o accurateness_n be_v use_v in_o fill_v the_o tube_n to_o make_v a_o polite_a equal_a mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o after_o immersion_n thereof_o into_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n we_o put_v both_o the_o tube_n and_o vessel_n into_o a_o frame_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o let_v it_o stand_v perpendicular_a therein_o for_o certain_a day_n together_o viz._n from_o the_o 15._o march_v to_o the_o 20._o april_n after_o to_o observe_v if_o it_o will_v vary_v and_o alter_v its_o standard_n which_o we_o find_v it_o do_v considerable_o for_o sometime_o it_o be_v half_o a_o inch_n high_o or_o low_a than_o the_o mark_n and_o standard_n we_o leave_v it_o first_o at_o i_o think_v according_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n in_o its_o temperature_n and_o if_o you_o observe_v strict_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v never_o precise_o observe_v the_o same_o standard_n not_o a_o day_n together_o nay_o sometime_o not_o a_o hour_n experiment_n 4._o again_o we_o try_v the_o torricellian-experiment_n aforesaid_a in_o a_o glas-ssyphon_a of_o 46_o ½_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o after_o immersion_n of_o both_o end_n into_o two_o several_a vessel_n of_o quicksilver_n the_o internal_a quicksilver_n fall_v down_o to_o its_o wont_a standard_n of_o 29._o inch_n in_o both_o shank_n of_o the_o syphon_n have_v apply_v warm_a clothes_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n the_o quicksilver_n descend_v in_o either_o leg_n the_o breadth_n of_o two_o barley_n corn_n low_a than_o the_o ordinary_a stint_n we_o gentle_o lift_v one_o of_o the_o leg_n out_o of_o the_o 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both_o orifice_n the_o effect_n be_v that_o the_o quicksilver_n fall_v in_o one_o tube_n and_o new_a quicksilver_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o other_o vessel_n into_o the_o other_o tube_n to_o a_o equal_a altitude_n experiment_n 6._o we_o fill_v a_o tube_n though_o with_o much_o difficulty_n such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v here_o describe_v with_o quicksilver_n than_o inverse_v it_o into_o quicksilver_n as_o before_o the_o first_o effect_n be_v it_o fall_v leisurable_o down_o out_o of_o the_o head_n h_n and_o stand_v at_o d_o 29._o inch_n in_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n e._n the_o second_o effect_n be_v ayr_n be_v let_v in_o betwixt_o c_o and_o b_o the_o quicksilver_n rise_v from_o d_o its_o former_a standard_n to_o a_o so_o that_o from_o a_o to_o b_o and_o c_z to_z e_z for_o so_o far_o as_o c_o it_o fall_v upon_o admission_n of_o air_n make_v up_o its_o wont_a standard_n again_o experiment_n 7._o we_o take_v a_o glass-cruet_a with_o a_o small_a spout_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n and_o afterward_o lute_v the_o great_a mouth_n a_o so_o that_o no_o air_n can_v get_v in_o then_o turn_v the_o small_a spout_n downward_o but_o no_o water_n come_v out_o of_o the_o cruet_v into_o the_o open_a air_n inverse_v likewise_o the_o small_a snout_n into_o oil_n no_o water_n descend_v nor_o oil_n though_o a_o light_a liquor_n ascend_v then_o fill_v the_o former_a cruet_n with_o milk_n though_o upon_o inversion_n of_o the_o cruet_v none_o of_o it_o will_v fall_v out_o into_o the_o air_n yet_o be_v inverse_v into_o water_n these_o two_o liquor_n change_v place_n the_o milk_n descend_v in_o a_o little_a still_o stream_n the_o water_n ascend_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o two_o constant_a little_a stream_n run_v counter_a one_o to_o another_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o cruet_n we_o tinge_v the_o water_n with_o indigo_n the_o better_a to_o distinguish_v their_o stream_n experiment_n 8._o we_o fill_v the_o former_a cruet_n with_o quicksilver_n and_o immerse_v the_o snout_n into_o the_o water_n have_v first_o well_n lute_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n but_o no_o exchange_n of_o place_n follow_v unless_o by_o much_o shake_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n you_o force_v it_o little_a by_o little_a out_o and_o so_o either_o water_n or_o air_n pass_v up_o instead_o thereof_o chap._n ix_o experiment_n 9_o april_n 27._o 1661._o we_o try_v the_o torricellian-experiment_n in_o the_o porch_n at_o the_o new_a church_n in_o pendle_n which_o stand_v upon_o a_o considerable_a height_n the_o weather_n be_v clear_a fair_a and_o moderate_a about_o ten_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o tube_n about_o 42._o inch_n in_o length_n which_o we_o fill_v with_o very_a much_o care_n and_o diligence_n to_o make_v a_o polite_a mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o there_o we_o then_o find_v the_o mercurial_a standard_n to_o be_v 28_o 4_o inch_n we_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o the_o like_a accurateness_n and_o in_o the_o same_o tube_n at_o the_o beacon_n upon_o the_o very_a top_n of_o pendle-hill_n on_o the_o same_o day_n betwixt_o twelve_o and_o one_o a_o clock_n the_o air_n be_v there_o much_o cold_a than_o at_o bottom_n or_o at_o new_a church_n aforesaid_a though_o the_o sky_n be_v as_o clear_v and_o there_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v lower_v then_o before_o at_o new-church_n by_o a_o just_a inch_n be_v fall_v precise_o to_o 27_o 4_o inch_n about_o three_o a_o clock_n of_o the_o same_o day_n the_o say_a trial_n be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o former_a circumstance_n at_o barlow_n the_o low_a place_n for_o conveniency_n near_o the_o say_a hill_n much_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o first_o trial_n the_o air_n be_v very_o much_o hot_a than_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o trial_n and_o there_o the_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o the_o first_o trial_n viz_o 28_o 4_o inch_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o air_n at_o barlow_n have_v remain_v of_o a_o equal_a 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easy_o in_o piece_n chap._n xi_o a_o confutation_n of_o this_o funicular_a hypothesis_n of_o linus_n by_o henry_n power_n m_o ae_z d_o r._n object_n 1._o if_o you_o fill_v a_o tube_n of_o 45._o inch_n in_o length_n as_o we_o have_v show_v you_o in_o experiment_n 11._o except_o 15._o inch_n which_o let_v the_o air_n supply_v and_o invert_v it_o you_o shall_v perceive_v a_o great_a protrusion_n of_o your_o finger_n by_o the_o erupturient_a quicksilver_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o supergravitation_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n include_v in_o the_o tube_n for_o if_o the_o whole_a tube_n be_v fill_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o invert_v it_o shall_v not_o make_v such_o a_o forcible_a pressure_n upon_o your_o finger_n as_o that_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o air_n do_v which_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o include_v air_n which_o strive_v to_o dilate_v itself_o detrude_v the_o quicksilver_n and_o when_o liberty_n be_v give_v it_o force_v it_o down_o much_o low_a than_o its_o ordinary_a standard_n of_o 28._o inch_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o attraction_n in_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o a_o contrary_a power_n of_o self-extending_a and_o dilatation_n now_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v but_o a_o argument_n quoad_fw-la sensum_fw-la and_o therefore_o not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v insist_v upon_o because_o not_o mechanical_o demonstrable_a object_n 2._o again_o this_o be_v observable_a in_o all_o body_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o extension_n that_o still_o as_o their_o extension_n be_v augment_v or_o increase_v so_o must_v the_o force_n or_o power_n be_v that_o extend_v they_o as_o for_o example_n in_o rope_n or_o leather_n the_o first_o inch_n of_o their_o force_a extension_n be_v perform_v by_o a_o lesser_a power_n than_o the_o second_o inch_n will_v be_v and_o that_o then_o the_o three_o etc._n etc._n now_o in_o the_o three_o of_o boyle_n experiment_n pag._n 44._o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sucker_n be_v as_o easy_o draw_v down_o when_o it_o be_v near_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pump_n as_o when_o it_o be_v much_o far_o off_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o force_a extension_n as_o be_v before_o deliver_v object_n 3._o again_o if_o according_a to_o linus_n the_o bladder_n intumescency_n in_o boyle_n engine_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o force_a extension_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n then_o the_o first_o evacuation_n of_o the_o pump_n will_v extend_v the_o bladder_n more_o than_o the_o second_o and_o that_o than_o the_o three_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v avouch_v by_o his_o four_o experiment_n pag._n 47._o which_o prove_v against_o the_o funicular_a doctrine_n of_o linus_n but_o neat_o make_v out_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o embladder_v air_n which_o gradual_o increase_v as_o the_o debilitate_a air_n in_o the_o receiver_n give_v room_n for_o its_o expansion_n object_n 4._o again_o linus_n be_v refute_v by_o the_o 19_o experiment_n in_o boyle_n which_o be_v a_o experiment_n of_o a_o four-foot_n tube_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v in_o the_o receiver_n by_o which_o he_o find_v that_o the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o subside_n after_o several_a exsuction_n till_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o support_v that_o cylinder_n of_o water_n but_o according_a to_o linus_n it_o shall_v have_v subside_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n as_o well_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n do_v when_o the_o torricellian-experiment_n be_v include_v in_o the_o say_a receiver_n object_n 5._o according_a to_o linus_n his_o principle_n the_o mercurial_a standard_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o at_o the_o top_n of_o any_o eminent_a hill_n that_o it_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n especial_o if_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o both_o place_n alike_o but_o this_o be_v contrary_n to_o the_o experiment_n we_o try_v at_o hallifax_n and_o pendle-hill_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o experiment_n 7._o pag._n 19_o also_o experiment_n ii_o pag._n 45._o where_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o disadvantage_n to_o our_o experiment_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o you_o see_v how_o considerable_o the_o mercurial_a standard_n do_v vary_v which_o objection_n linus_n have_v ingenious_o confess_v to_o i_o himself_o when_o once_o i_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o see_v he_o that_o he_o can_v as_o yet_o answer_v object_n 6._o take_v a_o glass-tube_n above_o the_o standard_n but_o of_o a_o small_a boar_n that_o will_v not_o admit_v above_o a_o great_a pea_n or_o cherry-stone_n let_v it_o be_v close_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v this_o with_o quicksilver_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o easy_a thing_n to_o do_v for_o i_o be_o sure_a we_o be_v a_o whole_a hour_n in_o fill_v one_o and_o still_o be_v force_v to_o thrust_v the_o quicksilver_n down_o into_o it_o with_o a_o small_a wire_n then_o reverse_v it_o very_o gentle_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o restagnant_fw-la quicksilver_n and_o after_o it_o have_v come_v down_o to_o its_o wont_a standard_n you_o may_v lift_v the_o tube_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o carry_v it_o up_o and_o down_o with_o the_o quicksilver_n pendent_a in_o it_o which_o will_v neither_o fall_v out_o nor_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o repute_a vacuity_n now_o what_o say_v linus_n to_o this_o why_o do_v not_o his_o rope_n shrivel_v itself_o up_o and_o pull_v up_o this_o mercurial_a cylinder_n in_o this_o tube_n as_o well_o as_o in_o all_o other_o of_o a_o large_a boar_n object_n 7._o take_v a_o glass-syphon_a a_o b_o and_o have_v fill_v both_o leg_n with_o quicksilver_n open_v the_o long_o into_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n b_o the_o effect_n be_v that_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o long_a shank_n will_v fall_v down_o to_o c_o its_o wont_a standard_n but_o that_o in_o the_o short_a shank_n ad_fw-la be_v still_o close_o stop_v with_o your_o finger_n will_v remain_v full_a now_o according_a to_o linus_n the_o funicle_n ac_fw-la exercise_v the_o same_o power_n of_o pull_v the_o mercurial_a surface_n a_o as_o c_o and_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o mechanick_n if_o cb_n be_v heavy_a than_o ad_fw-la it_o shall_v pull_v over_o ad_fw-la into_o the_o vessel_n b._n and_o his_o answer_n which_o you_o may_v read_v pag._n 74._o be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o open_v the_o short_a end_n of_o the_o syphon_n into_o the_o vessel_n d_o according_a to_o his_o salvo_n no_o quicksilver_n shall_v still_o rise_v because_o it_o be_v still_o as_o close_o adherent_a to_o the_o vesseled_a quicksilver_n as_o it_o be_v before_o to_o my_o finger_n and_o yet_o upon_o experiment_n make_v the_o quicksilver_n will_v rise_v all_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n d_o and_o go_v over_o a_o into_o the_o vessel_n b._n which_o experiment_n as_o it_o confute_v he_o so_o it_o clear_o avouch_v our_o principle_n of_o the_o elastical_a pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n d_o which_o force_v it_o up_o to_o a_o and_o so_o over_o into_o the_o vessel_n b._n object_n 8._o we_o take_v a_o ordinary_a weatherglass_n this_o 15._o octob._n 1661._o ab_fw-la of_o about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax-hill_n the_o water_n stand_v in_o the_o shank_n at_o c_o viz._n 13._o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n b_o thence_o carry_v it_o thus_o fit_v immediate_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o say_a hill_n the_o water_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o point_n d_o viz._n 1¼_n inch_n low_o than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o say_a hill_n which_o incomparable_o prove_v the_o natural_a elasticity_n of_o the_o ayr._n for_o the_o internal_a air_n ac_fw-la which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o power_n and_o extension_n with_o the_o external_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n do_v there_o manifest_a a_o great_a elasticity_n than_o the_o mountain-ayr_n there_o do_v manifest_a pressure_n and_o so_o extend_v itself_o further_o by_o cd_o which_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v at_o the_o bottom_n because_o the_o valley-ayr_n there_o be_v of_o equal_a force_n and_o resistance_n to_o it_o which_o experiment_n very_o neat_o prove_v the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n which_o linus_n will_v abolish_v as_o the_o torricellian-experiment_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o same_o hill_n differ_v ½_o a_o inch_n do_v eminent_o prove_v the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o ayr._n also_o about_o the_o end_n of_o january_n 1661._o we_o go_v again_o to_o the_o top_n of_o hallifax-hill_n with_o divers_a weather-glass_n of_o several_a boar_n head_n and_o shape_v and_o find_v in_o they_o all_o a_o proportional_a descent_n of_o the_o
water_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o say_a hill_n respective_o to_o what_o it_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n with_o this_o observable_a that_o in_o the_o greatest-headed_n weatherglass_n which_o include_v most_o air_n in_o it_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a as_o be_v most_o depress_v by_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o include_v ayr._n chap._n xii_o experiment_n in_o capillary_n tubes_fw-la and_o syphon_n experiment_n 1._o take_v a_o small_a capillary_a glass-pipe_n or_o tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o dip_v the_o one_o extreme_a perpendicular_a into_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n spontaneous_o arise_v to_o a_o competent_a height_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o a_o quick_a and_o smart_a ascent_n note_n first_o that_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o pipe_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o clean_a as_o well_o from_o dust_n and_o little_a bubble_n as_o film_n of_o water_n which_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n be_v blow_v or_o suck_v out_o of_o it_o second_o it_o must_v be_v perfect_o dry_a from_o any_o other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o mingle_v with_o water_n as_o oil_n etc._n etc._n three_o if_o you_o moisten_v the_o pipe_n first_o with_o water_n before_o you_o try_v the_o experiment_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v more_o quick_a and_o lively_a four_o that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o milk_n wine_n oil_n and_o other_o liquor_n except_o quicksilver_n will_v likewise_o rise_v to_o a_o certain_a height_n in_o the_o say_a pipe_n five_o after_o the_o water_n have_v rise_v to_o its_o standard-height_n if_o you_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o liquor_n it_o shall_v not_o fall_v out_o at_o all_o if_o you_o invert_v the_o pipe_n the_o include_v cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v fall_v down_o also_o to_o the_o other_o extreme_a also_o the_o deep_a you_o immerge_n it_o in_o the_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o high_a still_o will_v it_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n still_o keep_v 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as_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o oil_n fall_v gradual_o out_o into_o the_o water_n and_o the_o pipe_n gradual_o fill_v with_o water_n and_o arise_v to_o its_o own_o standard_n which_o be_v high_o a_o great_a deal_n than_o the_o standard_n of_o either_o of_o the_o say_a oil_n as_o be_v before_o deliver_v the_o like_a will_v follow_v in_o syphon_n eight_o the_o small_a boar_n that_o your_o tube_n be_v of_o the_o high_a will_v your_o water_n arise_v yet_o we_o can_v never_o get_v it_o to_o arise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 5._o inch_n as_o mr._n boyle_n mention_n though_o we_o have_v attempt_v it_o in_o tube_n almost_o as_o small_a as_o hair_n or_o as_o art_n can_v make_v they_o nine_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v of_o the_o boar_n of_o a_o ordinary_a quill_n or_o big_a no_o water_n at_o all_o will_v arise_v ten_o that_o little_a or_o no_o difference_n of_o the_o water_n ascent_n in_o the_o former_a tube_n be_v perceptible_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o top_n of_o our_o hill_n experiment_n 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down_o to_o the_o lowermost_a edge_n of_o the_o glass_n where_o gather_v itself_o into_o round_a bubble_n it_o will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o than_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o pendent_a shank_n be_v low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n experiment_n 3._o let_v both_o shanks_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o pendent_a leg_n be_v long_o than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o not_o so_o long_o neither_o as_o to_o set_v it_o on_o run_v then_o to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o pendent_a leg_n apply_v a_o vessel_n of_o milk_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o though_o the_o water_n will_v not_o break_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o open_a air_n a_o medium_n far_o light_a and_o more_o divisible_a than_o milk_n yet_o it_o do_v run_v out_o into_o the_o milk_n and_o one_o may_v see_v it_o pearl_n up_o again_o without_o mingle_v with_o the_o milk_n at_o a_o little_a darkish_a 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demonstrate_v of_o late_a that_o all_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o great_a and_o globular_a loadstone_n and_o that_o all_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o armillary_n sphere_n be_v real_o true_o and_o natural_o inhaerent_a in_o the_o earth_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o transcurrent_fw-la atom_n how_o can_v we_o conclude_v otherwise_o but_o with_o gilbert_n quis_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la moveri_fw-la dubitabit_fw-la quum_fw-la ei_fw-la omne_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la planè_fw-la requisita_fw-la dedit_fw-la natura_fw-la i._n e._n figuram_fw-la rotundam_fw-la pendulam_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la fluido_fw-la positionem_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la terminos_fw-la motui_fw-la circulari_fw-la inservientes_fw-la polos_fw-la nempè_fw-la aequatorem_fw-la meridianos_fw-la &_o polares_fw-la circulos_fw-la &_o parallelos_fw-la last_o as_o for_o his_o universal_a meridian_n it_o be_v likewise_o deduce_v from_o his_o anti_fw-la copernican_n experiment_n of_o the_o 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there_o the_o water_n do_v not_o rise_v so_o much_o as_o it_o do_v from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o bottom_n by_o half_a a_o inch_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o proportional_a to_o the_o glasse_n descent_n in_o the_o pit_n experiment_n 3._o we_o take_v a_o very_a good_a arm_a loadstone_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n who_o pole_n lay_v in_o the_o long_a diameter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o coal-pit_n we_o load_v the_o north-pole_n of_o it_o with_o the_o great_a weight_n it_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v even_o to_o a_o scruple_n then_o take_v the_o stone_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pit_n and_o hang_v on_o the_o same_o weight_n again_o we_o can_v perceive_v no_o difference_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o stone_n at_o the_o one_o place_n from_o the_o other_o for_o it_o will_v neither_o lift_v more_o nor_o less_o there_o than_o above_o though_o to_o try_v this_o experiment_n precise_o and_o to_o minute_n weight_n be_v very_o ticklish_a 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