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not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v confirm_v by_o experiment_n for_o if_o you_o take_v for_o instance_n a_o piece_n of_o lead_n and_o hang_v it_o by_o a_o horse_n hair_n that_o be_v suppose_v very_o near_o acquiponderant_a to_o water_n from_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o exact_a balance_n and_o when_o you_o have_v put_v a_o just_a connterpoize_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n suffer_v the_o lead_n to_o sink_v in_o a_o ressel_n of_o water_n till_o it_o be_v perfect_o cover_v with_o it_o but_o hang_v free_o in_o it_o the_o counterpoise_n will_v very_o much_o preponderance_n and_o part_n of_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v take_v out_o till_o the_o ballatice_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la you_o may_v easy_o by_o subduct_v what_o you_o have_v take_v out_o and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o lead_n in_o the_o air_n find_v what_o part_n of_o its_o weight_n it_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n and_o then_o if_o you_o weigh_v any_o 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this_o case_n there_o will_v be_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o each_o of_o the_o wooden_a body_n a_o pressure_n from_o the_o lateral_o superior_a water_n equal_a to_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n whereto_o those_o body_n be_v contiguous_a but_o whereas_o upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o short_a body_n q_n r_o there_o will_v lean_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n two_o foot_n high_a the_o pillar_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n that_o will_v lean_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tall_a body_n p_o o_o will_v be_v but_o one_o foot_n high_a as_o the_o attentive_a considerer_n will_v easy_o perceive_v so_o that_o the_o wooden_a body_n being_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n both_o of_o they_o will_v be_v impel_v upward_o but_o that_o compound_a pillar_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o consist_v of_o one_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o two_o foot_n of_o water_n will_v by_o its_o gravity_n more_o resist_v the_o be_v raise_v then_o that_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o but_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a celerity_n in_o the_o ascension_n of_o these_o body_n consist_v chiefl_o for_o i_o will_v neither_o overvalue_v nor_o exclude_v concomitant_a cause_n that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o pressure_n against_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o each_o body_n respective_o be_v great_a in_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o and_o hence_o we_o may_v probable_o deduce_v a_o reason_n of_o what_o we_o often_o observe_v in_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o annisseed_n clove_n and_o diverse_a aromatic_a vegetable_n in_o lembeck_n by_o the_o
intervention_n of_o water_n for_o oftentimes_o when_o the_o fire_n have_v not_o be_v well_o regulate_v there_o will_v come_v over_o beside_o the_o float_a oil_n a_o whitish_a water_n which_o will_v not_o in_o a_o long_a time_n become_v clear_a and_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o teach_v that_o whiteness_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o numerous_a reflection_n from_o the_o oily_a substance_n of_o the_o concrete_a '_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n break_v into_o innumerable_a little_a globul_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n so_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o whiteness_n continue_v so_o long_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o for_o i_o mention_v not_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o great_a surface_n that_o these_o little_a globul_n have_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n that_o because_o of_o the_o exceed_a minuteness_n of_o these_o drop_n the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n that_o press_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o pressure_n be_v inconsiderable_a it_o have_v power_n to_o raise_v the_o drop_n but_o very_o slow_o insomuch_o that_o upon_o this_o ground_n i_o devise_v a_o menstruum_fw-la wherewith_o i_o can_v mingle_v oil_n in_o drop_n so_o exceed_o minute_n that_o even_o when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o few_o spoonful_n of_o the_o mixture_n it_o will_v continue_v whitish_a for_o divers_a whole_a day_n together_o though_o at_o length_n they_o will_v emerge_n and_o the_o soon_o because_o whilst_o they_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o as_o they_o frequent_o chance_v to_o meet_v and_o run_v into_o one_o another_o they_o compose_v great_a drop_n which_o be_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v less_o slow_o impel_v up_o by_o the_o water_n at_o the_o top_n of_o which_o the_o chemist_n after_o a_o due_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o find_v new_a oil_n float_v but_o whether_o this_o be_v any_o way_n applicable_a to_o the_o swim_n of_o the_o insensible_a particle_n of_o corrode_v metal_n in_o aquaflortis_n and_o other_o saline_a menstruum_n i_o must_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o inquire_v one_o thing_n more_o there_o be_v that_o i_o will_v point_v at_o before_o i_o dismiss_v this_o paradox_n namely_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o have_v all_o this_o while_n deduce_v when_o the_o emergent_a drop_n or_o any_o other_o body_n float_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v just_a so_o far_o &_o no_o far_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n 5._o for_o suppose_v in_o the_o annex_v figure_n young_a to_o be_v a_o cube_n of_o wood_n three_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o pound_n in_o weight_n this_o wood_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o air_n will_v sink_v into_o the_o water_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o imaginary_a superficies_n x_o w_n where_o have_v the_o position_n new_o describe_v it_o will_v necessary_o acquiesce_v for_o all_o the_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n x_o w_n q_n be_v lean_v upon_o by_o pillar_n of_o water_n equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o part_n x_o a_o or_o w_o b_o if_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o wooden_a cube_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o immersed_a part_n it_o must_v necessary_o sink_v lower_v because_o the_o subjacent_a part_n of_o the_o surface_n at_o five_o will_v be_v more_o charge_v than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o cube_n be_v light_a than_o as_o much_o water_n as_o that_o who_o place_n the_o immersed_a part_n take_v up_o it_o must_v by_o the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n x_o w_n then_o upon_o that_o contiguous_a to_o the_o wood_n as_o at_o v._o be_v impel_v upward_o till_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a wood_n upon_o the_o part_n it_o lean_v on_o be_v of_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o water_n who_o place_n the_o immersed_a part_n of_o it_o take_v up_o the_o lightness_n of_o that_o immersed_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o so_o much_o water_n be_v recompense_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o unimmersed_a part_n which_o be_v extant_a above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n fall_v into_o water_n though_o by_o the_o impetus_fw-la it_o acquire_v in_o fall_v it_o pass_v through_o divers_a imaginary_a plain_n that_o lie_v beneath_o its_o due_a station_n yet_o the_o great_a pressure_n to_o which_o each_o of_o those_o plain_n be_v expose_v in_o all_o its_o other_o part_n then_o in_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wood_n do_v quick_o impel_v it_o up_o again_o till_o after_o some_o emersion_n and_o subsiding_n it_o rest_v at_o length_n in_o such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o new_o explicate_v hydrostatical_a theorem_n assign_v it_o scholium_fw-la this_o ingenious_a proposition_n about_o float_a body_n be_v teach_v and_o prove_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o mathematician_n by_o the_o most_o subtle_a archimedes_n and_o his_o commentator_n and_o we_o have_v new_o be_v endeavour_v to_o manifest_v the_o physical_a reason_n why_o it_o must_v be_v true_a but_o partly_o because_o the_o proposition_n ought_v to_o hold_v not_o only_o in_o such_o entire_a and_o homogeneous_a body_n as_o man_n exemplify_v it_o in_o such_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n or_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n but_o in_o all_o body_n though_o of_o a_o concave_a figure_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o body_n of_o never_o so_o differ_v nature_n and_o perhaps_o some_o of_o they_o join_v together_o only_o by_o their_o superincumbency_n upon_o one_o another_o and_o partly_o because_o that_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a and_o useful_a of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n and_o may_v be_v of_o so_o much_o importance_n to_o navigation_n have_v noyet_n that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v attemtpt_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v otherwise_o then_o upon_o paper_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o of_o those_o who_o it_o may_v concern_v as_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o mathematical_a demonstration_n to_o add_v a_o experiment_n which_o i_o make_v to_o prove_v it_o mechanical_o as_o exact_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o person_n after_o then_o have_v employ_v several_a vessel_n some_o of_o wood_n some_o of_o laton_n and_o some_o of_o other_o material_n to_o compass_v what_o i_o desire_v we_o find_v glass_n to_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a we_o can_v procure_v and_o therefore_o fill_v a_o large_a and_o deep_a glass_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n with_o fair_a water_n we_o place_v in_o it_o another_o deep_a glass_n shape_v like_o a_o goblet_n or_o tumbler_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a for_o swim_v and_o have_v furnish_v it_o first_o with_o ballast_n and_o then_o for_o merriment_n sake_n with_o a_o wooden_a deck_n by_o which_o a_o tall_a mass_n with_o a_o sail_n fusten_v to_o it_o be_v keep_v upright_o we_o fraught_v with_o wood_n and_o by_o degree_n pour_v sand_n into_o it_o till_o we_o have_v make_v it_o sâ—â—â—k_v just_a to_o the_o top_n of_o certain_a conspicuous_a mark_n that_o we_o have_v fasten_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o opposite_a part_n thereof_o then_o observe_v how_o high_a the_o water_n reach_v in_o the_o large_a glass_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vessel_n transparency_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v we_o careful_o place_v two_o or_o three_o mark_n in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o take_v out_o the_o float_a vessel_n as_o it_o be_v with_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o wipe_v the_o outside_n dry_a we_o put_v it_o into_o a_o good_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o have_v find_v what_o it_o amount_v to_o we_o weigh_v in_o a_o competent_o large_a viol_n first_o counterpoise_v apart_o so_o much_o water_n to_o a_o grain_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o pour_v this_o water_n into_o the_o large_a glass_n above_o mention_v we_o find_v it_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o mark_n that_o we_o have_v fasten_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o consequent_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o same_o height_n to_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a glass_n and_o all_o that_o be_v add_v to_o make_v it_o resemble_v a_o ship_n have_v make_v it_o arise_v to_o by_o which_o experiment_n which_o we_o try_v as_o to_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o with_o vessel_n of_o differ_v size_n shape_n and_o lading_n too_o as_o wood_n
angle_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n a_o b_o tho_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o short_a and_o immersed_a leg_n f_o g_o will_v in_o situation_n sometime_o respect_v the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o in_o all_o these_o oblique_a situation_n of_o this_o leg_n and_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o it_o g_o the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n above_o the_o orifice_n and_o so_o much_o conform_v to_o the_o observation_n already_o deliver_v that_o you_o shall_v still_o see_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n in_o the_o long_a pipe_n to_o be_v a_o little_a and_o but_o a_o little_a superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o external_a water_n a_o b_o and_o so_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la betwixt_o the_o liquor_n or_o liquor_n within_o the_o syphon_n and_o the_o water_n without_o it_o will_v even_o in_o this_o case_n also_o be_v maintain_v scholium_fw-la remember_v on_o this_o occasion_n a_o experiment_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o show_v what_o the_o precise_a quantity_n of_o lateral_a pressure_n be_v that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o fluid_n may_v sustain_v from_o the_o more_o elevate_v yet_o it_o may_v confirm_v the_o forego_n paradox_n and_o by_o its_o phaenomena_n afford_v some_o hint_n that_o may_v render_v it_o not_o unacceptable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v it_o as_o i_o set_v it_o down_o not_o long_o after_o i_o devise_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o there_o be_v make_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o annex_v scheme_n 14._o this_o bubble_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o poise_v that_o though_o it_o will_v float_v upon_o the_o water_n yet_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o weight_n small_a enough_o will_v suffice_v to_o make_v it_o sink_v this_o do_v i_o provide_v a_o very_a large_a wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o cause_v to_o be_v fit_v to_o it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v a_o stopple_n of_o cork_n which_o be_v strong_o thrust_v in_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v list_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o cork_n there_o be_v burn_v with_o a_o heat_a instrument_n a_o round_a hole_n through_o which_o be_v thrust_v a_o long_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cork_n and_o in_o a_o other_o part_n of_o the_o stopple_n near_o the_o edge_n there_o be_v make_v another_o round_a hole_n into_o which_o be_v likewise_o thrust_v another_o small_a pipe_n who_o low_a part_n reach_v also_o a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o cork_n but_o its_o upper_a part_n be_v but_o about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n high_a and_o the_o orifice_n of_o this_o upper_a part_n be_v careful_o close_v with_o a_o stopple_n and_o cement_v then_o the_o glass_n vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o poise_v bubble_n be_v make_v to_o float_v upon_o it_o the_o stopple_n or_o cover_v of_o the_o great_a glass_n vessel_n be_v put_v on_o and_o make_v fast_o with_o a_o close_a cement_n that_o nothing_o may_v get_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n but_o at_o the_o long_a slender_a pipe_n which_o be_v fasten_v into_o the_o cork_n as_o be_v also_o the_o short_a pipe_n not_o only_o by_o its_o own_o fitness_n to_o the_o hole_n it_o pass_v through_o but_o by_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o the_o same_o cement_n careful_o apply_v to_o stop_v all_o crevess_n the_o instrument_n thus_o prepare_v and_o incline_v this_o or_o that_o way_n till_o the_o float_a bubble_n be_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o that_o end_n of_o the_o long_a pipe_n which_o reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n downward_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n we_o begin_v to_o pour_v in_o some_o of_o that_o liquor_n at_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v exact_o stop_v the_o water_n for_o want_v of_o another_o place_n to_o receive_v it_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n through_o which_o it_o have_v fall_v before_o and_o if_o i_o hold_v my_o hand_n when_o the_o water_n i_o have_v pour_v in_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v but_o to_o a_o small_a height_n in_o the_o cylinder_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o the_o superficies_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o will_v yet_o continue_v float_v but_o if_o i_o continue_v pour_v till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n have_v attain_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n as_o if_o it_o reach_v to_o k_o then_o the_o bubble_n x_o will_v present_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o there_o continue_v as_o long_o as_o as_o the_o water_n continue_v at_o so_o great_a a_o height_n in_o the_o pipe_n e._n f._n this_o experiment_n will_v not_o only_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n gravitate_fw-la upon_o those_o that_o be_v under_o they_o but_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n we_o be_v now_o to_o confirm_v that_o in_o a_o vessel_n that_o be_v full_a all_o the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a though_o these_o low_a be_v not_o direct_o beneath_o the_o upper_a but_z aside_o of_o they_o and_o perhaps_o at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o line_n in_o which_o they_o direct_o press_v these_o thing_n i_o say_v may_v be_v make_v out_o by_o our_o experiment_n for_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n k_o i_o in_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o make_v the_o bubble_n x_o subside_n as_o the_o force_n or_o pressure_n of_o any_o other_o heavy_a body_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v do_v and_o since_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o reason_n former_o give_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o paradox_n of_o the_o sink_n of_o poise_v bubble_n the_o include_v air_n in_o our_o bubble_n be_v notable_o compress_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n ki_n do_v press_v the_o subjacent_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n for_o without_o so_o do_v it_o can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o since_o the_o say_a bubble_n do_v not_o swim_v direct_o under_o or_o near_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o but_o at_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o at_o a_o pretty_a distance_n from_o it_o nay_o and_o float_v above_o the_o low_a orifice_n f_o of_o the_o pipe_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o aqueous_a cylinder_n jk_n do_v not_o only_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n or_o other_o body_n that_o be_v direct_o under_o it_o but_o upon_o those_o also_o that_o be_v lateral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o provide_v they_o be_v inferior_a to_o it_o and_o according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n we_o may_v conceive_v that_o every_o assignable_a part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v sustain_v a_o pressure_n increase_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o that_o part_n depth_n under_o water_n and_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o say_a part_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o part_n be_v so_o weak_a as_o that_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o beat_v out_o or_o break_v by_o a_o weight_n equal_a to_o the_o cylinder_n ay_o k_o make_v always_o a_o due_a abatement_n for_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o pressure_n it_o will_v not_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o vessel_n nay_o the_o cork_n itself_o though_o it_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n yet_o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v high_a than_o it_o each_o of_o its_o part_n resist_v a_o considerable_a pressure_n proportionate_a to_o its_o particular_a bigness_n and_o to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o cork_n be_v not_o well_o stop_v in_o it_o may_v be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n if_o that_o be_v fill_v to_o a_o good_a height_n and_o if_o the_o cement_n be_v not_o good_a and_o close_a the_o water_n will_v not_o without_o noise_n make_v itself_o a_o passage_n through_o it_o and_o if_o the_o stopple_n g_o of_o the_o short_a pipe_n g_o h_n which_o be_v place_v there_o likewise_o to_o illustrate_v the_o present_a conjecture_n do_v not_o firm_o close_v the_o orifice_n of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v force_v out_o not_o without_o violence_n and_o noise_n and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n if_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o stopple_n g_o you_o close_v the_o orifice_n with_o your_o finger_n you_o shall_v find_v it_o press_v upward_o as_o strong_o as_o it_o will_v be_v press_v downward_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o
the_o hole_n and_o put_v a_o final_a stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o be_v i_o able_a to_o take_v out_o the_o needle_n and_o put_v it_o in_o again_o so_o nimble_o but_o that_o the_o air_n find_v time_n to_o get_v into_o the_o syphon_n and_o till_o the_o hole_n be_v again_o stop_v render_v it_o useless_a notwithstanding_o that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o suction_n endeavour_v to_o be_v set_v a_o run_v paradox_n xi_o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n then_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o descent_n be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n this_o paradox_n have_v never_o be_v that_o i_o know_v of_o propose_v as_o yet_o by_o any_o have_v seem_v so_o little_a credible_a to_o those_o to_o who_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o without_o except_v mathematician_n themselves_o that_o i_o can_v scarce_o hope_v it_o shall_v be_v ready_o and_o general_o receive_v in_o this_o illustrious_a company_n upon_o less_o clear_a testimony_n then_o that_o of_o experience_n and_o therefore_o though_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o some_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v plausible_o deduce_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o instrument_n ingenious_o think_v upon_o by_o mounseur_fw-fr paschal_n yet_o i_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o my_o own_o method_n for_o the_o make_n of_o it_o out_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n the_o one_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o paradox_n must_v be_v explicate_v as_o well_o as_o prove_v by_o the_o doctrine_n already_o settle_v in_o this_o paper_n the_o other_o that_o the_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o deep_a river_n and_o require_v a_o tube_n 20_o foot_n long_o who_o bottom_n must_v be_v fit_v with_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n make_v with_o a_o exactness_n scarce_o if_o at_o all_o to_o be_v hope_v for_o from_o our_o workman_n if_o i_o shall_v build_v any_o thing_n on_o this_o so_o difficult_a a_o experiment_n which_o himself_o do_v not_o affirm_v to_o have_v ever_o be_v actual_o try_v i_o fear_v most_o man_n will_v rather_o reject_v the_o experiment_n as_o a_o chimaerical_a thing_n then_o receive_v for_o its_o sake_n a_o doctrine_n that_o appear_v to_o they_o very_o extravagant_a let_v we_o then_o to_o employ_v in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o method_n we_o have_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o fill_v a_o glass_n vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n 19_o only_o in_o regard_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a depth_n of_o water_n requisite_a to_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o experiment_n this_o last_o must_v not_o be_v so_o shallow_a as_o those_o hitherto_o employ_v but_o a_o deep_o cylinder_n or_o tube_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n who_o depth_n must_v be_v at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n though_o its_o breadth_n need_v not_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o upright_o it_o may_v be_v place_v in_o a_o socket_n of_o metal_n or_o wood_n of_o a_o size_n and_o weight_n convenient_a for_o such_o a_o purpose_n this_o glass_n be_v thus_o fit_v in_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v e_o f_o to_o be_v a_o round_a and_o flat_a piece_n of_o solid_a brass_n have_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o a_o four_o or_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n this_o cylinder_n be_v immerse_v under_o water_n till_o it_o be_v just_o cover_v by_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o that_o liquor_n and_o be_v let_v go_v must_v necessary_o fall_v downward_o in_o it_o because_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o imaginary_a superficies_n g_o h_n to_o pass_v along_o the_o circle_n f_o which_o be_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o brass_n body_n that_o metal_n be_v in_o specie_fw-la far_o heavy_a than_o water_n the_o brass_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o part_n f_o must_v far_o more_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o say_a part_n f_o than_o the_o incumbent_a water_n do_v upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n g_o h_n and_o consequent_o the_o subjacent_a water_n at_o f_o will_v be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n by_o the_o descend_a body_n and_o because_o that_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o water_n not_o exceed_v nine_o time_n its_o thickness_n measure_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n a_o c_o the_o ponderous_a body_n e_o f_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v there_o will_v be_v still_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o metal_n a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n that_o pass_v along_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o body_n on_o which_o the_o part_n f_o shall_v happen_v to_o lean_v then_o upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o imaginary_a superficies_n the_o brass_n body_n will_v still_o descend_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n though_o it_o be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v over_o it_o but_o let_v we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v under_o water_n on_o the_o designable_a plain_n i_o k_o and_o let_v this_o plain_a which_o as_o all_o other_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o real_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v conceive_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o let_v the_o depth_n or_o distance_n of_o this_o plain_a from_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v some_o what_o above_o nine_o time_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brass_n body_n i_o say_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o body_n will_v not_o descend_v if_o it_o be_v not_o press_v downward_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v over_o it_o for_o brass_n be_v but_o about_o nine_o time_n fraction_n as_o heavy_a as_o water_v of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n to_o it_o the_o body_n e_o f_o alone_o will_v press_v upon_o the_o part_n f_o but_o as_o much_o as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v which_o have_v a_o equal_a basis_n be_v 8_o or_o 9_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o brass_n be_v thick_a but_o now_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n i_o k_o be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o incumbent_a water_n which_o be_v as_o high_a above_o they_o as_o the_o new_o mention_v cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o part_n f_o shall_v be_v depress_v rather_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n i_o k_o but_o because_o it_o be_v true_a which_o we_o former_o teach_v namely_o that_o water_n retain_v its_o gravity_n in_o water_n and_o that_o too_o though_o a_o body_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o it_o be_v place_v immediate_o under_o it_o it_o will_v necessary_o happen_v that_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o the_o solid_a body_n be_v place_v provide_v it_o be_v every_o way_n environ_v with_o the_o water_n it_o must_v for_o the_o reason_n new_o give_v be_v make_v to_o move_v downward_o partly_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o partly_o by_o that_o of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n and_o must_v continue_v to_o sink_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n or_o some_o other_o body_n that_o hinder_v its_o far_a descent_n but_o in_o case_n the_o water_n above_o the_o solid_a body_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o it_o and_o thereby_o assist_v its_o descent_n or_o in_o case_n that_o the_o incumbent_a water_n be_v by_o some_o artifice_n or_o other_o so_o remove_v that_o none_o of_o the_o lateral_a water_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o can_v succeed_v in_o its_o place_n to_o lean_v upon_o the_o solid_a than_o it_o will_v follow_v from_o what_o we_o have_v new_o show_v that_o the_o solid_a will_v be_v keep_v suspend_v and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v place_v much_o deep_a in_o the_o water_n as_o over_z against_o the_o point_n l_o or_o m_o then_o if_o we_o conceive_v the_o incumbent_a water_n to_o be_v remove_v or_o fence_v off_o from_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o solid_a alone_o upon_o the_o part_n f_o of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n l_o m_o be_v very_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o surface_n the_o part_n f_o will_v be_v strong_o impel_v upward_o by_o a_o force_n proportionate_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o those_o two_o pressure_n and_o therefore_o since_o i_o have_v find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v in_o scale_n marvellous_o exact_a and_o with_o refine_a gold_n pure_a than_o perhaps_o any_o that_o be_v ever_o weigh_v in_o water_n that_o gold_n though_o much_o the_o ponderouf_a of_o body_n yet_o know_v in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o full_a 20_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o water_v of_o the_o same_o bulk_n i_o keep_v within_o compass_n as_o well_o
as_o employ_v a_o round_a number_n as_o they_o call_v it_o when_o i_o say_v that_o no_o body_n yet_o know_v how_o ponderous_a soever_o will_v subside_o in_o water_n by_o its_o own_o weight_n alone_o if_o it_o be_v so_o place_v under_o water_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n do_v above_o twenty_o time_n exceed_v the_o height_n of_o the_o body_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o that_o though_o gold_n and_o water_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n their_o proportion_n be_v above_o 19_o to_o one_o yet_o in_o the_o water_n gold_n do_v as_o other_o sink_v body_n loose_a as_o much_o of_o its_o weight_n as_o that_o of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n amount_v too_o i_o be_v say_v just_o now_o that_o in_o case_n the_o brazen_a body_n be_v place_v low_o eenough_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o keep_v from_o be_v depress_v by_o any_o incumbent_a water_n it_o will_v be_v support_v by_o the_o subjacent_a water_n and_o this_o be_v that_o very_a thing_n that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o show_v by_o a_o experiment_n let_v then_o the_o brass_n body_n e_o f_o be_v the_o cover_n of_o a_o brass_n valve_n 20._o as_o in_o the_o annex_v figure_n and_o let_v the_o valve_n be_v fasten_v with_o some_o strong_a and_o close_a cement_n to_o a_o glass_n pipe_n o_o p_o open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o of_o a_o competent_a length_n and_o wideness_n for_o then_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v the_o undermost_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o not_o stick_v to_o any_o other_o part_n of_o it_o will_v fall_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n if_o it_o be_v not_o support_v now_o then_o tie_v a_o thread_n to_o a_o button_n qui_fw-fr that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o door_n of_o brass_n valve_n you_o must_v by_o pull_v that_o string_n straight_o and_o upward_o make_v the_o body_n e_o f_o shut_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o valve_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v which_o be_v easy_o and_o present_o do_v then_o thrust_v the_o valve_n under_o water_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o the_o cement_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n o_o p_o which_o reach_v far_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n x_o in_n will_v keep_v the_o water_n from_o come_v to_o bear_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o consequent_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n five_o w_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a body_n will_v where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a thereunto_o be_v press_v upon_o only_o by_o the_o proper_a weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o but_o in_o its_o other_o part_n by_o the_o much_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n so_o that_o though_o you_o let_v go_v the_o string_n that_o hold_v the_o body_n e_o f_o close_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o say_a body_n will_v not_o at_o all_o sink_n though_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o water_n beneath_o it_o to_o support_v it_o and_o to_o manifest_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o a_o competent_a depth_n that_o keep_v the_o solid_a suspend_v if_o you_o slow_o lift_v up_o the_o instrument_n towards_o x_o in_n the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o for_o a_o while_o the_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n will_v continue_v unite_v as_o they_o be_v before_o yet_o when_o once_o it_o be_v raise_v so_o near_o the_o surface_n as_o between_o the_o plain_a i_o k_o and_o x_o in_n that_o the_o single_a weight_n of_o e_o f_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n that_o pass_v by_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n upon_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o plain_a that_o body_n be_v no_o more_o support_v as_o former_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o the_o water_n will_v get_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o ascend_v therein_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o external_n water_n but_o if_o when_o the_o valve_n be_v first_o thrust_v under_o water_n and_o before_o you_o let_v go_v the_o thread_n that_o keep_v its_o part_n together_o you_o thrust_v it_o down_o to_o a_o good_a depth_n as_o to_o the_o superficies_n r_o s_o then_o though_o you_o shall_v hang_v a_o considerable_a weight_n as_o l_o to_o the_o valve_n e_o f_o as_o i_o be_o go_v to_o show_v you_o a_o trial_n with_o a_o massy_a cylinder_n of_o stone_n broad_a than_o the_o valve_n and_o of_o divers_a inch_n in_o length_n the_o surplusage_n of_o pressure_n on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o plain_a v_z w_o now_o in_o r_o saint_n over_o and_o above_o what_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o that_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a stone_n l_o to_o boot_n can_v amount_v to_o on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o say_a body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o press_v so_o hard_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o valve_n that_o its_o own_o weight_n though_o assist_v with_o that_o of_o the_o stone_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o disjoyne_v they_o by_o which_o to_o note_n that_o by_o the_o way_n you_o may_v 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experience_n too_o that_o there_o will_v run_v out_o drop_v of_o oil_n which_o will_v fall_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o that_o of_o the_o vessel_n but_o far_o more_o slow_o than_o if_o they_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o same_o pipe_n in_o the_o air_n now_o to_o compute_v how_o much_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n amount_v too_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o drop_n to_o be_v g_z to_o who_o lowermost_a part_n there_o be_v contigueus_fw-mi in_o any_o assignable_a place_n where_o it_o fall_v the_o imaginary_a superficies_n h_o j._n it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n be_v not_o there_o its_o place_n will_v be_v supply_v by_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o surface_n h_n i_o will_v be_v lade_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o consequent_o to_o part_v of_o it_o will_v be_v displace_v but_o now_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n on_o which_o that_o drop_n lean_v have_v more_o weight_n upon_o it_o than_o any_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o will_v give_v place_n to_o the_o descend_a drop_n and_o since_o the_o case_n of_o every_o other_o suppose_a surface_n at_o which_o the_o drop_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o arrive_v in_o its_o descent_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o superficies_n h_n i_o it_o will_v for_o the_o reason_n new_o give_v continue_v fall_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o will_v suffer_v it_o to_o fall_v no_o further_o and_o in_o case_n the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o as_o we_o suppose_v it_o of_o a_o substance_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n but_o just_o equal_a to_o it_o the_o contiguous_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n h_n i_o will_v be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o charge_v than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o supeficies_n and_o the_o part_n lean_v on_o will_v be_v neither_o depress_v nor_o raise_v but_o the_o drop_n g_o will_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o we_o may_v prove_v what_o be_v affirm_v by_o archimedes_n and_o other_o hydrostatical_a writer_n that_o a_o body_n acquiponderant_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la to_o water_n will_v rest_v in_o any_o assignable_a place_n of_o the_o water_n where_o it_o be_v put_v and_o to_o proceed_v further_a since_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v of_o a_o matter_n but_o acquiponderant_a to_o water_v it_o will_v not_o sink_v low_o at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o emerge_n it_o follow_v that_o though_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n it_o will_v fall_v yet_o the_o gravity_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o fall_v be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o surmount_v a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o over_o plus_fw-fr the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n will_v hinder_v it_o from_o fall_v at_o all_o and_o consequent_o it_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n just_a as_o much_o of_o the_o weight_n it_o will_v have_v in_o the_o air_n as_o so_o much_o water_n weigh_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o air_n will_v amount_v to_o which_o be_v a_o physical_a account_n of_o that_o grand_a theorem_fw-la of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n which_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v see_v make_v out_o in_o any_o print_a book_n both_o solid_o and_o clear_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n himself_o to_o who_o the_o late_a writer_n be_v wont_a to_o refer_v have_v but_o a_o obscure_a and_o not_o physical_a demonstration_n of_o it_o and_o because_o this_o theorem_fw-la be_v not_o only_o very_o noble_a but_o as_o we_o else_o where_o manifest_a very_o useful_a it_o will_v
stone_n quicksilver_n etc._n etc._n it_o appear_v that_o the_o float_a vessel_n itself_o with_o all_o that_o be_v in_o it_o or_o support_v by_o it_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v under_o water_n suppose_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o same_o vessel_n by_o a_o plain_a continue_v the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n since_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a vessel_n which_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a vessel_n to_o the_o great_a height_n it_o attain_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o large_a vessel_n when_o the_o other_o be_v take_v out_o raise_v the_o water_n therein_o to_o the_o same_o height_n we_o may_v also_o obtain_v the_o same_o end_n by_o a_o somewhat_o differ_v way_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n in_o case_n the_o vessel_n be_v too_o great_a viz._n to_o observe_v first_o by_o pour_v in_o water_n out_o of_o a_o bowl_n or_o pail_n or_o other_o vessel_n of_o know_a capacity_n as_o often_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o fill_v the_o great_a vessel_n or_o cistern_n or_o pond_n to_o the_o top_n or_o to_o any_o determinate_a height_n require_v and_o next_o let_v out_o or_o otherwise_o remove_v all_o that_o water_n to_o put_v in_o its_o place_n the_o vessel_n who_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o three_o to_o let_v or_o pour_v in_o water_n till_o the_o vessel_n be_v afloat_o and_o by_o its_o weight_n raise_v the_o external_n water_n to_o the_o height_n it_o have_v before_o and_o last_o to_o examine_v how_o much_o this_o water_n that_o be_v last_o pour_v in_o fall_v short_a in_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o it_o at_o first_o and_o afterward_o remove_v for_o this_o difference_n will_v give_v we_o the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v aequiponderate_a to_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n whither_o small_a or_o great_a with_o all_o that_o it_o either_o carry_v or_o sustein_v the_o hydrostatical_a theorem_n we_o have_v be_v consider_v and_o the_o experiment_n whereby_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o confirm_v or_o illustrate_v it_o may_v mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la be_v apply_v to_o a_o ship_n with_o all_o her_o ballast_n lade_n gun_n and_o company_n it_o hold_v general_o true_a that_o to_o express_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o proposition_n more_o brief_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a part_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v some_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n for_o who_o sake_n it_o partly_o be_v that_o i_o annex_v this_o scholium_fw-la who_o if_o i_o mis-rememb_a not_o do_v somewhere_o deduce_v as_o a_o corollary_n from_o certain_a hydrostatical_a proposition_n six_o that_o a_o whole_a ship_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o lean_v upon_o it_o press_v no_o more_o nor_o less_o upon_o the_o bottom_n it_o swim_v over_o then_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_n fluid_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v easy_o enough_o deduce_v from_o the_o already_o mention_a experiment_n but_o yet_o for_o further_a illustration_n and_o proof_n we_o will_v add_v that_o which_o follow_n take_v a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n such_o as_o be_v use_v about_o the_o first_o experiment_n and_o suck_v into_o it_o about_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o deep_o tinct_a water_n and_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n immerse_v the_o lower_n part_n of_o the_o pipe_n into_o a_o glass_n half_o fill_v with_o such_o tinct_a water_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o inch_n or_o as_o low_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o beneath_o that_o of_o the_o external_n water_n then_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n till_o it_o swim_v 3_o or_o 4_o inch_n or_o as_o high_a as_o you_o please_v above_o the_o water_n loosen_v gentle_o your_o finger_n from_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o give_v the_o enclose_a air_n a_o little_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o tinct_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n to_o be_v impel_v up_o not_o only_o high_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n but_o almost_o as_o high_a as_o that_o of_o the_o external_n oil_n through_o which_o it_o be_v transparent_a and_o colourless_a the_o red_a liquor_n may_v be_v easy_o discern_v now_o in_o this_o case_n it_o caved_a be_v pretend_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n proceed_v from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n since_o the_o pipe_n be_v full_a of_o air_n and_o its_o orifice_n unstop_v though_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o ascend_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n will_v ensue_v the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n remain_v contiguous_a as_o before_o the_o true_a reason_n then_o of_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o our_o case_n be_v but_o this_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n there_o be_v a_o pressure_n partly_o of_o water_n and_o partly_o of_o the_o oil_n swim_v upon_o that_o water_n amount_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n of_o water_n whereas_o upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n whereon_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n lean_v there_o be_v but_o the_o pressure_n of_o one_o inch_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o part_n near_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n must_v necessary_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n by_o the_o other_o part_n of_o water_n that_o be_v more_o press_v till_o so_o much_o liquor_n be_v impel_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n as_o make_v the_o pressure_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n on_o any_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o then_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la often_o mention_v the_o water_n will_v rise_v no_o further_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o aequilibrium_fw-la it_o will_v rest_v a_o little_a beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n because_o this_o last_o name_v liquor_n be_v less_o heavy_a bulk_n for_o bulk_n than_o water_n and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o ordinary_a suck_a pump_n for_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n though_o a_o light_a liquor_n than_o water_n and_o not_o mingleable_a with_o it_o do_v by_o lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n press_v up_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n to_o a_o far_o great_a height_n then_o that_o of_o the_o external_n water_n itself_o so_o the_o air_n which_o though_o a_o far_o light_a liquor_n than_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n reach_v i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o mile_n high_a lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o well_o will_v press_v it_o up_o into_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o pump_n much_o high_a than_o the_o external_n water_n itself_o reach_v in_o the_o well_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v now_o that_o which_o hinder_v it_o in_o the_o pump_n be_v either_o the_o sucker_n which_o fence_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pump_n from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n or_o that_o pressure_n itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o that_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o sucker_n need_v to_o do_v be_v to_o free_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n from_o the_o impediment_n to_o its_o ascent_n which_o be_v give_v it_o by_o the_o sucker_n lean_v on_o it_o or_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n be_v incumbent_a on_o it_o as_o in_o our_o experiment_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pipe_n do_v sufficient_o protect_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n from_o any_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n that_o may_v oppose_v its_o ascent_n and_o last_o as_o the_o water_n in_o our_o pipe_n be_v impel_v up_o so_o high_a and_o no_o high_a that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v just_o able_a to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n without_o the_o pipe_n so_o in_o pump_n the_o water_n do_v rise_v but_o to_o a_o certain_a height_n as_o about_o 33_o or_o 34_o foot_n and_o though_o you_o pump_v never_o so_o long_o it_o will_v be_v raise_v no_o high_o because_o at_o that_o height_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pump_n upon_o that_o part_n
of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pressure_n which_o other_o part_n of_o that_o imaginary_a superficies_n sustain_v from_o as_o much_o of_o the_o external_n water_n and_o of_o the_o atmosphaere_n as_o come_v to_o lean_v upon_o it_o that_o there_o may_v be_v case_n wherein_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o of_o its_o spring_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o have_v likewise_o in_o other_o place_n endeavour_v to_o explicate_v more_o particular_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v say_v in_o this_o place_n where_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o have_v show_v that_o whither_o or_o no_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n may_v have_v other_o cause_n yet_o in_o the_o case_n propose_v it_o need_v no_o more_o than_o the_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_n fluid_n as_o be_v the_o air_n who_o not_o be_v devoid_a of_o gravity_n the_o cogency_n of_o our_o experiment_n have_v bring_v even_o our_o adversary_n to_o grant_v we_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o will_v here_o add_v because_o it_o now_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n what_o may_v perhaps_o be_v elsewhere_o somewhat_o more_o proper_o mention_v a_o experiment_n that_o i_o do_v but_o light_o glance_v at_o in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o scholium_fw-la of_o the_o second_o paradox_n in_o order_n to_o this_o i_o must_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o i_o there_o take_v notice_n that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v complain_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschall_n they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o able_a to_o keep_v mercury_n suspend_v in_o tube_n however_o very_o slender_a though_o the_o low_a end_n be_v deep_o immerse_v in_o water_n if_o both_o their_o end_n be_v open_a the_o reason_n of_o my_o doubt_n whether_o our_o ingenious_a author_n have_v ever_o make_v or_o see_v the_o experiment_n be_v not_o only_o that_o it_o have_v be_v unsuccessful_o try_v and_o seem_v to_o i_o unlikely_a to_o succeed_v in_o tube_n more_o slender_a than_o his_o appear_v but_o because_o the_o impetus_fw-la which_o fall_v quick_a silver_n gain_v by_o the_o acceleration_n of_o motion_n it_o acquire_v in_o its_o descent_n must_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o all_o run_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o so_o ponderous_a a_o liquor_n though_o the_o tube_n be_v very_o much_o short_a than_o that_o propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschall_n this_o advertisement_n i_o premise_v to_o intimate_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o hopelessness_n of_o the_o experiment_n as_o it_o have_v be_v propose_v and_o try_v i_o may_v have_v reason_n not_o to_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o perform_v by_o another_o way_n the_o main_a thing_n desire_v which_o be_v to_o 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pipe_n a_o little_a deep_o you_o will_v so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n to_o begin_v to_o be_v depress_v so_o if_o afterward_o you_o gentle_o raise_v the_o pipe_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o oil_n not_o only_o regain_v its_o former_a station_n but_o flow_v out_o by_o degree_n in_o drop_n that_o will_v emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n now_o since_o the_o water_n be_v able_a at_o first_o to_o keep_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n suspend_v no_o high_a than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v keep_v by_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o reach_v direct_o thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o cry_v by_o make_v a_o syphon_n where_o the_o short_a leg_n may_v be_v long_o enough_o to_o contain_v such_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o conterpoize_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_o &_o since_o when_o once_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o height_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n be_v lessen_v the_o oil_n do_v more_o than_o counterbalance_n it_o as_o appear_v by_o its_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o syphon_n we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o though_o thence_o be_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o water_n high_a than_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o though_o the_o syphon_n be_v placid_a at_o the_o same_o depth_n in_o a_o pond_n or_o lake_n yet_o of_o all_o that_o water_n no_o more_o do_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o orifice_n then_o that_o which_o be_v place_v direct_o over_o it_o which_o be_v such_o a_o pillat_n of_o water_n as_o the_o paradox_n describe_v and_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v hence_o learn_v that_o though_o water_n be_v not_o include_v in_o pipe_n yet_o it_o may_v press_v as_o regular_o upon_o a_o subjacent_a body_n as_o if_o it_o be_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v well_o enough_o conceive_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n in_o the_o free_a water_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v nothing_o on_o any_o side_n but_o the_o contiguous_a water_n to_o bound_v the_o imaginary_a pillar_n but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n will_v hold_v not_o only_a when_o the_o water_n superior_a to_o the_o body_n it_o press_v upon_o be_v free_a but_o also_o when_o it_o be_v include_v in_o vessel_n of_o never_o so_o seem_o disadvantageous_a a_o shape_n for_o if_o you_o so_o frame_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n that_o it_o may_v expand_v its_o self_n into_o a_o funnel_n like_o that_o of_o fig._n 6._o employ_v about_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o forego_n
the_o breadth_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o of_o a_o not_o inconsiderable_a height_n for_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v precise_o what_o height_n so_o that_o to_o be_v short_a in_o the_o fluid_a body_n we_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n be_v communicate_v not_o only_o to_o those_o that_o be_v place_v direct_o under_o they_o but_o even_o to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o oblique_o so_o and_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o they_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o confirm_v that_o it_o be_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o make_v our_o float_a bubble_n sink_v by_o such_o another_o circumstance_n as_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o some_o of_o the_o former_a experiment_n viz._n that_o when_o it_o lay_v quiet_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n if_o by_o incline_v the_o instrument_n we_o pour_v off_o as_o much_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n e_z f_o as_o suffice_v competent_o to_o diminish_v its_o height_n 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equal_a height_n in_o the_o long_o as_o from_o f_o to_o j._n then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n e_o of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o your_o finger_n and_o immerse_v the_o replenish_v part_n of_o the_o syphon_n about_o a_o inch_n under_o water_n you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o as_o you_o thrust_v it_o low_o and_o low_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o your_o finger_n the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n will_v be_v make_v to_o sink_v about_o a_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o more_o and_o as_o afterward_o you_o thrust_v the_o pipe_n deep_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n will_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n h_z k_o be_v drive_v downward_o more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n whence_o by_o continue_v the_o immersion_n you_o may_v impel_v it_o into_o the_o long_a the_o cause_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v already_o clear_o enough_o assign_v to_o make_v it_o needless_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n here_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v that_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o proposition_n i_o add_v that_o to_o exemplify_v at_o once_o three_o paradox_n both_o this_o and_o the_o next_o forego_n 16._o and_o the_o second_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o annex_v scheme_n and_o have_v by_o the_o low_a orifice_n l_o suck_v into_o it_o as_o much_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o reach_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n n_o o_o as_o high_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n namely_o to_o the_o part_n p_o in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o orifice_n l_o i_o first_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o o_o with_o my_o finger_n and_o then_o thrust_v it_o as_o before_o under_o water_n to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o external_n water_n do_v first_o drive_v away_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v in_o l_o m_o that_o part_n of_o the_o crooked_a pipe_n which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n than_o it_o depress_v the_o same_o oil_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n that_o be_v from_o m_n to_o n_o and_o last_o it_o impel_v it_o all_o up_o into_o the_o long_a leg_n n_o p_o o_o to_o what_o height_n i_o think_v fit_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v by_o the_o water_n both_o lateral_o downward_o and_o upward_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v easy_o deducible_a from_o the_o doctrine_n already_o deliver_v paradox_n ix_o that_o what_o ever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v to_o represent_v about_o this_o paradox_n the_o more_o intelligible_a the_o best_a way_n perhaps_o will_v be_v to_o set_v down_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o judge_v the_o thing_n it_o pretend_v to_o feasible_a and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o consider_v why_o it_o be_v that_o a_o body_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n be_v place_v never_o so_o much_o beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v rather_o emerge_n to_o the_o top_n then_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o if_o we_o have_v not_o already_o consider_v that_o problem_n in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o three_o paradox_n but_o be_v now_o allow_v to_o apply_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n what_o have_v be_v there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v forthwith_o subjoyne_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a enough_o for_o i_o to_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n shall_v without_o violence_n
be_v keep_v from_o emerge_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v this_o that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_a than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a if_o i_o can_v so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v be_v high_a than_o the_o level_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n have_v a_o height_n great_a enough_o to_o balance_v that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o low_a and_o the_o body_n not_o shift_v place_n by_o pass_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o oil_n may_v be_v keep_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o reduce_v this_o to_o practice_v i_o take_v the_o follow_a course_n have_v suck_v into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n such_o as_o that_o employ_v about_o the_o first_o experiment_n about_o a_o 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to_o have_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n r_o of_o the_o oleous_a cylinder_n as_o great_a a_o pressure_n as_o that_o of_o the_o water_n that_o endeavour_n to_o impel_v upward_o the_o low_a part_n q_n of_o the_o same_o suspend_v cylinder_n of_o oil_n paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n and_o of_o its_o flow_n through_o they_o may_v be_v explicate_v without_o have_v a_o recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n both_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n have_v too_o general_o confess_v themselves_o reduce_v to_o fly_v to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o run_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n through_o syphon_n and_o even_o those_o modern_n that_o admit_v a_o vacuum_n have_v as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o either_o left_a the_o phaenomenon_n unexplicate_v or_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o by_o disputable_a notion_n i_o think_v the_o curious_a much_o oblige_v to_o monsieur_n paschal_n for_o have_v ingenious_o endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o this_o difficult_a problem_n need_v not_o reduce_v we_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacut_fw-la and_o indeed_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n seem_v to_o i_o so_o consonant_a to_o hydrostatical_a principle_n that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o necessary_a to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o propound_v to_o justify_v his_o ratiocination_n i_o fear_v his_o reader_n will_v scarce_o be_v much_o invite_v to_o attempt_v it_o for_o beside_o that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o syphon_n 15_o or_o 20_o foot_n long_o the_o vessel_n of_o quicksilver_n must_v be_v place_v 6_o or_o 7_o yard_n under_o water_n that_o be_v at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n that_o i_o doubt_v whether_o man_n that_o be_v not_o divers_a will_v be_v able_a convenient_o to_o observe_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o trial_n wherefore_o we_o will_v substitute_v a_o way_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n tube_n not_o two_o foot_n deep_a by_o the_o help_n of_o another_o peculiarly_a contrive_a glass_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o a_o skilful_a hand_n provide_v then_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b_o c_o d_o of_o a_o good_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n provide_v also_o a_o syphon_n of_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o whereunto_o be_v join_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o syphon_n a_o pipe_n e_o k_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n communicate_v with_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n 18._o so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v pour_v in_o water_n at_o e_o it_o will_v run_v out_o at_o f_o and_o g._n to_o each_o of_o the_o two_o leg_n of_o this_o new_a syphon_n must_v be_v tie_v with_o a_o string_n a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n i_o and_o h_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o at_o which_o it_o admit_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v and_o which_o leg_n must_v reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n wherewith_o the_o say_a pipe_n be_v to_o be_v almost_o fill_v but_o as_o one_o of_o these_o leg_n be_v long_o than_o the_o other_o so_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n i_o that_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o short_a leg_n k_o f_o must_v be_v high_a that_o be_v near_o to_o k_o or_o a_o b_o than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n suspend_v from_o the_o long_a leg_n kg_v that_o according_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o syphon_n the_o water_n may_v run_v from_o a_o high_a vessel_n to_o a_o low_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o the_o pipe_n e_o k_n be_v hold_v or_o otherwise_o make_v fast_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v move_v you_o must_v gentle_o pour_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o the_o tube_n a_o b_o c_o d_o which_o if_o you_o have_v not_o much_o oil_n you_o may_v before_o hand_n fill_v with_o water_n till_o the_o liquor_n reach_n near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n as_o to_o the_o superficies_n x_o in_n till_o it_o reach_v high_a than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n f_o k_n g_o who_o orifice_n e_z you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n close_o with_o your_o finger_n or_o otherwise_o and_o afterward_o unstop_v and_o then_o the_o oil_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n will_v make_v it_o ascend_v into_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o out_o of_o the_o uppermost_a vessel_n i_o into_o the_o lowermost_a h_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n i_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n will_v continue_v long_o than_o here_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o paucity_n of_o water_n it_o can_v do_v now_o in_o this_o experiment_n we_o manifest_o see_v the_o water_n make_v to_o take_v its_o course_n through_o the_o leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n from_o a_o high_a 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to_o find_v that_o it_o be_v partly_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n and_o partly_o the_o contrivance_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o vessel_n if_o we_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o matter_n somewhat_o more_o atentive_o for_o the_o oil_n that_o reach_v much_o high_a than_o k_o and_o consequent_o then_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n press_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n in_o each_o of_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n i_o and_o h._n i_o say_v the_o external_n water_n because_o the_o oil_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o both_o the_o leg_n f_o and_o g_o being_z immerse_v under_o the_o water_n the_o oil_n have_v no_o access_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o either_o of_o those_o leg_n wherefore_o since_o the_o oil_n gravitates_fw-la upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o leg_n and_o not_o upon_o that_o within_o they_o and_o since_o its_o height_n above_o the_o water_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o press_v up_o the_o water_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o 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needle_n the_o air_n will_v at_o so_o very_o little_a a_o orifice_n insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o thereby_o gravitate_v as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o make_v the_o water_n in_o the_o leg_n to_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o vessel_n and_o though_o if_o i_o hold_v the_o point_n of_o the_o needle_n in_o the_o hole_n i_o make_v and_o then_o cause_v one_o to_o suck_v at_o the_o long_a leg_n this_o small_a stopple_n without_o any_o other_o help_n from_o my_o hand_n suffice_v to_o make_v the_o syphon_n fit_a for_o use_v yet_o if_o i_o remove_v the_o needle_n the_o air_n will_v not_o without_o some_o noise_n present_o get_v in_o at_o
your_o hand_n that_o you_o will_v imagine_v some_o ponderous_a weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o it_o and_o i_o remember_v by_o such_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v not_o only_o have_v my_o hand_n put_v to_o much_o pain_n but_o have_v have_v the_o back_n of_o it_o so_o bend_v downward_o as_o if_o it_o be_v go_v to_o be_v break_v but_o though_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o may_v much_o lessen_v the_o difficulty_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n who_o cause_n be_v inquire_v into_o yet_o still_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o odd_a to_o i_o that_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o by_o stevinus_n his_o confession_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a pressure_n of_o water_n against_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n who_o endeavour_n tend_v inward_a so_o exceed_o forcible_a a_o pressure_n which_o thrust_v for_o instance_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n against_o the_o bone_n the_o skin_n and_o flesh_n of_o the_o thorax_n against_o the_o rib_n shall_v not_o put_v the_o dive_v to_o any_o sensible_a pain_n as_o i_o find_v not_o by_o one_o that_o i_o examine_v that_o it_o do_v though_o this_o man_n tell_v i_o he_o stay_v a_o good_a while_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o betwixt_o 80_o and_o 100_o foot_n under_o the_o sea_n water_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n for_o that_o which_o stevinus_n explication_n will_v only_o showis_n that_o there_o must_v be_v no_o manifest_a dislocation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whereas_o the_o bare_a compression_n of_o two_o small_a part_n one_o against_o another_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o sense_n of_o pain_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v better_a able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o a_o every_o way_n ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la then_o if_o we_o be_v not_o teach_v by_o experience_n we_o shall_v imagine_v and_o therefore_o to_o satisfy_v those_o that_o seclude_v the_o question_n about_o the_o sense_n of_o pain_n think_v it_o a_o abundant_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o body_n immerse_v under_o water_n be_v not_o compress_v by_o it_o that_o divers_a be_v not_o oppress_v and_o even_o crush_v by_o so_o vast_a a_o load_n of_o water_n amount_v by_o stevinus_n computation_n to_o many_o thousand_o of_o pound_n as_o be_v incumbent_n on_o they_o we_o will_v add_v that_o though_o a_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v such_o that_o at_o first_o sight_n i_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o be_v not_o upon_o trial_n mistake_v in_o my_o conjecture_n yet_o it_o give_v i_o the_o occasion_n to_o make_v another_o which_o will_v i_o hope_v full_o make_v out_o the_o thing_n i_o design_v it_o for_o the_o ingenious_a mounseur_fw-fr paschal_n will_v persuade_v his_o reader_n that_o if_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o lukewarm_a water_n in_o it_o you_o cast_v a_o fly_n and_o by_o a_o rammer_n forcible_o press_v that_o water_n you_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o kill_v or_o hurt_v the_o fly_n which_o say_v he_o will_v live_v as_o well_o and_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o as_o lively_a in_o lukewarm_a water_n as_o in_o the_o air_n but_o upon_o trial_n with_o a_o strong_a fly_n the_o animal_n be_v as_o we_o expect_v present_o drown_v and_o so_o make_v moveless_a by_o the_o lukewarm_a water_n wherefore_o we_o substitute_v another_o experiment_n that_o we_o know_v will_v not_o only_o succeed_v as_o you_o will_v present_o see_v it_o will_v do_v but_o teach_v we_o how_o great_a a_o pressure_n the_o include_v animal_n must_v have_v be_v expose_v to_o we_o take_v then_o a_o somewhat_o slender_a cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n 24._o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o and_o to_o this_o we_o fit_v a_o rammer_n which_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o thong_n of_o soft_a leather_n that_o be_v careful_o wind_v about_o it_o do_v so_o exact_o fill_v the_o pipe_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o will_v suffer_v neither_o water_n nor_o air_n to_o get_v by_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o the_o glass_n we_o also_o provide_v some_o small_a tadpole_n or_o gyrini_n about_o a_o inch_n long_a or_o less_o which_o sort_n of_o animal_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o before_o any_o other_o partly_o because_o they_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n swim_v free_o to_o &_o fro_o in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o our_o pipe_n contain_v &_o partly_o because_o those_o creature_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o in_o their_o infancy_n be_v more_o tender_a and_o consequent_o far_o more_o expose_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o compression_n than_o other_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n but_o come_v to_o their_o full_a age_n and_o growth_n will_v be_v as_o indeed_o such_o young_a tadpole_n be_v so_o soft_a and_o tender_a that_o they_o seem_v in_o comparison_n to_o the_o big_a sort_n of_o fly_n to_o be_v but_o organise_v jelly_n one_o of_o these_o tadpole_n be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o some_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o pipe_n for_o the_o use_n anon_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o water_n and_o air_n and_o consequent_o the_o tadpole_n be_v by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o the_o plug_n or_o rammer_n with_o as_o great_a a_o force_n as_o a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o employ_v violent_o compress_v and_o yet_o though_o the_o tadpole_n seem_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o a_o little_a less_o bulk_n than_o it_o be_v of_o before_o it_o swim_v free_o up_o and_o down_o the_o water_n without_o forbear_v sometime_o to_o ascend_v to_o the_o very_a top_n though_o the_o instrument_n be_v hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n nor_o do_v it_o clear_o appear_v to_o we_o that_o the_o little_a animal_n be_v injure_v by_o this_o compression_n and_o most_o manifest_a it_o be_v he_o be_v not_o crush_v to_o death_n or_o sensible_o hurt_v by_o it_o and_o have_v repeat_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n &_o with_o tadpole_n of_o differ_v age_n we_o may_v i_o presume_v safe_o 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as_o that_o of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o above_o 200_o if_o not_o 300_o foot_n high_a and_o yet_o all_o this_o weight_n be_v unable_a to_o oppress_v or_o so_o much_o as_o manifest_o to_o hurt_v the_o tender_a tadpole_n which_o a_o very_a small_a weight_n will_v suffice_v to_o have_v crush_v if_o it_o press_v only_o upon_o one_o part_n of_o it_o and_o not_o upon_o the_o other_o we_o may_v thence_o learn_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v that_o though_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o press_v against_o water_n and_o all_o immersed_a body_n yet_o a_o diver_n may_v very_o well_o remain_v unoppress_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n as_o long_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v uniform_a against_o all_o the_o part_n expose_v thereunto_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la about_o this_o passage_n see_v the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n chief_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o unpublished_a part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o osefulness_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n philosophy_n a_o account_n of_o this_o passage_n also_o may_v be_v have_v from_o the_o publisher_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n that_o excellent_a mathematician_n the_o learned_a dr_n wallis_n savilian_n professor_n of_o geometry_n this_o experiment_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o if_o to_o some_o they_o shall_v here_o seem_v somewhat_o obscure_a will_v be_v easy_o understand_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o explication_n belong_v to_o the_o first_o ensue_a paradox_n see_v the_o second_o figure_n in_o certain_a note_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o physics-mechanical_a experiment_n touch_v the_o air_n fig._n 3._o fig._n 1._o 2._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o see_v paradox_n the_o six_o fig._n 6._o fig._n 8._o figur_n 9_o fig._n 10._o fig._n 11._o see_v fig._n 12._o fig._n 13._o fig._n 14._o see_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o 11._o paradox_n fig._n 15._o fig._n 16._o fig._n 17._o fig._n 18._o in_o the_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n fig._n 19_o 19_o the_o word_n about_o be_v add_v because_o indeed_o the_o author_n as_o he_o elsewhere_o deliver_v do_v by_o exact_a scale_n find_v brass_n to_o weigh_v between_o eight_o or_o nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o water_n but_o judge_v it_o needless_a to_o his_o present_a argument_n and_o inconvenient_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o fraction_n fig._n 20._o in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n &_o firmness_n second_o tom_n lettre_fw-fr 32._o fig._n 22._o stevinus_n hydrostat_fw-la lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o sed_fw-la exemple_n clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la este_fw-la abcd_n aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_fw-la quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistimeus_n sibi_fw-la iesertum_fw-la cui_fw-la dorso_n incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la fiat_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la ut_fw-la dictus_fw-la est_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aqualiter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la fig._n 23._o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la veritatem_fw-la explorare_fw-la libeat_fw-la eximito_fw-la epistemiun_n tumque_fw-la tergum_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la fultum_fw-la sustinebitur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la cateris_fw-la ideoque_fw-la istic_fw-la tanto_fw-la pressu_fw-la afficietur_fw-la quantus_fw-la tertio_fw-la exemple_n secunda_fw-la propositionis_fw-la huius_fw-la demonstratus_fw-la est_fw-la vidquantam_fw-la efficit_fw-la columna_fw-la aquea_fw-la cujus_fw-la basis_n sit_fw-la foramica_fw-la e_z altitudo_fw-la autem_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la aqua_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidentis_fw-la quo_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propositi_fw-la veritas_fw-la manifest_a declaratur_fw-la fig._n 24._o