Selected quad for the lemma: water_n
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A21157
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The analysis of chyrurgery being the theorique and practique thereof. Briefly composed for the benefit of all those who desire the knoledge of this worthy profession. By the paines and industry of Ed: Edwards Doctor in Physicke.
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Edwards, Edward, doctor in physick.
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1636
(1636)
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STC 7511; ESTC S118569
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49,776
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120
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Briefe answers to all the aforesaid questions and first to the thirteen principall points aforesaid as to know that 1 A Surgeon is natures servant to helpe nature in things pertaining to surgery 2 Surgery is both art and science 3 The subject of surgery is mans body being sore c. 4 The next way to learne this faculty is to begin at things generall and so come to particulars 5 The conditions required in the Surgion are generally 2. i. to be 1 vertuous religious 1 theoric 2 practic 2 expert in his prof both 6 his instruments 6 generally are but two i. medicinals manuals 7 ever fit to carry with him are 6. i. 1 probs 2 needles stitching quil 3 mullets with spatula 4 incision knife 5 cysors 6 launcets 7 8 Medicines ever to have in readinesse are generally 6. i. e 1 restrictives to stop 1 bloud 2 afluxiō that runs to other parts 2 Basilicon to cause matter 3 Apostolorum to cleanse 4 Aurinum to incarnate flesh 5 Album to cease dolour and heat 6 Desiccativum rubrum to dry and skin 9 The best method to observe is generally to note well the 1 disease cause and symptomes next way to cure it 1 speedily 2 surely 3 not to make false promises for mony promise no more then may be performd 10 The conditions required of the Patient are generally 3 i. e. to 1 hope with 1 assurance 2 diligence 3 patience 2 obey 3 endure 11 The contemplation of surgery do consist generally in the perfect knowledge of things 1 naturall 2 not naturall 3 against nature 12 He should observe before hee undertake any cure generally sixe things i. 1 whether lawfull before 1 God 2 Man 2 temperature of the 1 Body 2 Members 3 the sicknesse 1 and nature thereof 2 if curable or not 4 5 medicines proper for the disease 6 right way of application 13 The operations of the Surgeon are generally but three as are before mentioned The two generall parts of this art follow .i. 1 Theorica .i. the learned part by rules shewing the perfect waies to worke herein gotten by reading c. being Science and is divided generally into foure parts as things 1 natural being 7. as 1 Elements 2 Temperaments or Complexions 3 Humours 4 Members 5 Powers or vertues 6 Operations of those vertues 7 Spirits 2 not natural being 6. as 1 Ayre 2 Meat and drinke 3 Sleepe and watch 4 Fulnesse and emptinesse 5 Moving and rest 6 Affections of the minde 3 against nature being 3. as the 1 Disease 2 Cause of the disease 3 Accidents that follow the disease 4 Iudicall as to judge of diseases what 1 they be 2 nature they be of 3 cure or not and the reason why they may or may not be cured 4 medicines and method is best 2 Practica .i. practice shewing how to order prepare and to work with the hand according to the precepts of the theoricke done by these three meanes as by 1 Dyet or the right use of the 6 thing not naturall above said in 1 health to preserve with things like 2 diseases to cure with contraries medicines which is in two sorts used either 1 inwards 2 outwards 3 Manuall operation or hand-working as by 1 Incision 2 Stitching 3 Rowling 4 Reducing 5 Cauterising c. Now followeth the tract of the part Physiologia or the seven things naturall aforesaid as they lye in order 1 Elements of which consider generally four things i. as 1 what an Element is it is 1 A body most pure and simple unmixt 2 The least part not dividable into any other kinde 3 That whereof all things naturall have their originall 2 their 2 Numbers which are foure i 1 Fire 2 Ayre 3 Water 4 Earth 3 Qualities be 4. i. 1 Fire is 1 hot and dry 2 hot and moyst 3 cold and moyst 4 cold and dry 2 Ayre 3 Water 4 Earth 4 operations are generally 2. i. 1 Active i. to doe as is 1 heat and 2 cold 2 passive to suffer to be done as doth 1 drynesse and moystnesse Note that these two active qualities of heat and cold do work into the two passive qualities or drynesse and moystnesse to alter them 2 Temperaments or complexions wherin consider generally four things i. e. that they are 1 generally 2. i. 1 well tempered 2 evill 2 Particularly 9. 1 1 simple as 1 hot 2 cold 3 moist 4 dry 2 compound as hot and 1 dry 2 moist cold 3 dry 4 moist 2 3 4 1 four 2 3 4 2 one temperate by Equalitie of all these in perfect proportion rara Avis as hard to finde as a blacke Swan 3 Either 1 simple qualities of some or all the foure Elements either 1 hot 2 cold 3 moyst 4 dry 2 compound 4 To no end knowne by the differences of temperatures if wee know them not by their signes also for the which reade and consider well those rules which are set downe by Levine Lemnie written in his booke called the Touchstone of Complexions where you may be sufficiently instructed which in this place is too tedious to relate at this time 3 Humours be generally two i. 1 Naturall being 4. as 1 Bloud Naturall and profitable 2 Choler 3 Flegme 4 Melancholy 1 Bloud being either too 1 thinne by 1 heat 2 cold 2 thicke 2 adust so the 1 subtile parts 1 choler 2 melācholy become 2 grosse 3 distempered by mixing of other humors as of 1 choler 2 flegme 3 melancholy c. 2 Choler eyther 1 Vitiline like yolks of egges 2 Eruginous like verdegresse 3 Prassyne like juyce of hearbs 4 Azure or blew 2 Vnnaturall and are of divers sorts as 3 Flegme eyther 1 Vitria like melted glasse 2 Acide sowre like vineger 3 Salt like brine 4 Gypsum like white morter 4 Melancholy being of two sorts eyther of brent 1 blood 2 choler and is the worst Note that of these three things aforesaid i. as 1 Elements all the members of the body are made 2 Temperaments and 3 humours 4 Members are generally two i. 1 Simple being 11. as 1 Bones 2 Cartilages or gristles 3 Ligaments 4 Veines 5 Arteries or heart pypes 6 Nerves or synewes 7 Cords or tendons 8 Panicles or felmes 9 Simple flesh 1 substance 2 use or office 3 temperatures 4 utilities 10 Fat 11 Skinne in all these consider these foure things i. their 2 Compound as are the 1 Head 2 Heart 3 Liver 4 Lungs 5 Legs 6 Armes 1 Braine 2 Heart 3 Liver 4 Testicles or stones 7 Hands c. Whos 's other diversities are generally five whereof some are 1 Principals being 4. as the 2 serving the principals are 4. as the 1 veines to carry the spirit 1 naturall 2 vitall 3 animall 4 sperme or seede 2 arteries 3 nerves 4 spermatick vessels 3 Proper of themselves and others as the 1 Belly 2 Kidneyes 3 Matrix c. 4 Excrementall and not proper as 1 Hayre 2 Nayles 5 Neither governed nor doe governe others as are
3 Knowne only by experience Thus that some hot and dry in the second degree doe cause either 1 Vomit all by an occult property for which no reason can be given why or how they doe so 2 Egestion 3 Sweat 4 Vrine 5 Milke 6 neither 5 As 1 Agaric draw 1 Flegme frō the 1 head joynts 2 liver reines 2 Choler 2 Ruberb 4 Medicines are furnished some with 1 on simple facultie alone 2 More and those contrary of which the taste will manifest it unto you 5 Meanes are partly taken from the parts they most respect in their operations as 1 To worke more on this part then another and none can finde out the reason but only experience humour 2 Cephalicks These respect the 1 Head 2 Lungs 3 Heart 4 Liver 5 Spleene 6 Reines 7 Ioynts 3 Pulmonicks 4 Cordials 5 Hepaticks 6 Spleniticks 7 Diuriticks 8 Arthriticks Now of the Tastes in which consider these things following The 1 Definition it is a decoction of humiditie into drynesse first giving a taste on the tongue according to the varietie of the matter 2 Kinds 9 i. 3 Hot as 1 Actide 2 Bitter 3 Salt 3 Cold as 1 Acerbe 2 Austere 3 Acide 3 Temperate as 1 Sweet 2 Oily or fat 3 Insipide 3 Differences are according to the degrees of concoction it is 1 great in hot taste 2 lesser in cold 3 mean intēperate 4 Cause 1 Is heat 1 That turnes moyst into drynesse 2 Which is divers by degrees of concoction 2 Of taste is in these two i. 1 complexion being either 1 hot 2 cold 3 dry 4 moist 5 temperate 2 Substance being either 1 thick 2 thin 3 mean 5 Signes are 1 Knowne by applying on the tongue well disposed by the nerves 2 Taste which is 1 strongest of hot taste 2 least of cold 3 mean of temperate 3 Complexion 1 Hot causeth five tastes 1 sweet 2 bitter 3 Oily or unctuous 4 Salt 5 biting taste 2 Cold causeth foure tastes 1 sowre 2 lesse sowre 3 yet lesse sowre 4 insipid watrish without taste 4 substances are 3. i. 1 thick substance causeth taste either 1 sweet 2 bitter 3 sowre 2 Thin substance cause taste either 1 biting taste sharpe 2 Oily 3 sowrish 3 Mean substance cause taste either 1 sharpe biting 2 salt 3 watrish Nature observes this order in concoction of most bodies The order of this concoction 1 The Acerbe taste should take place 2 The Austere 3 The Acide 4 The next instruction of concoction ariseth thus 1 without taste 2 Oily 3 Sweet perfectly concoct and temperate 5 If 1 salt This concoction exceeds the bonds of mediocritie in the highest excesse of almost a fiery heat 2 bitter 3 acrid 6 Note that all things that be by nature taste lesse doe not alwayes ascend to the heighth of sweetnesse by the degreee of 1 Acerbitie As if by absolute necessitie that all sweet things must first passe these three degrees 2 Austeritie 3 Aceditie 7 Note that many plants and their fruits being 1 ripe are some 1 sowre 2 bitter 3 salt 2 unripe are sweetish which after further cōcoction become 1 bitter Which is a perfection in nature by full ripenesse and convocation and not an excesse in nature in that species 2 austere 3 sowre 8 In many things the sweet and fatty taste becomes so by concoction as in 1 Grapes 2 Figs. 3 Peares 4 Apples c. Now it followes to speake of each of these in order and first of cold tasts Acerbe taste the 1 Definition it is a harsh taste as in unripe fruits betweene bitter and sowrish being yet all raw 2 Kinds vary according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Difference it is 1 dryer than Austere 2 colder 3 grosser 4 earthier 5 lesse moister 6 much lesse moist then Acide 4 Temperature it is 1 notably cooling and drying 2 of cold grosse and earthy substance being yet all raw and vnripe 5 Effects it is 1 condensative i. to 1 thicken 2 harden 3 congeale 2 refreshing 3 stopping 4 restraining 5 repelling 6 binds chiefly in the superficiall parts 7 exasperates 6 Some is as the taste of 1 Granat peeles 2 Galls 3 Tan or Oke barke 4 Sumach 5 Cypresse Nuts c. 7 Some performe as are said in Austere farre more powerfully being absolutely 1 earthy Not partaking of watry moisture 2 cold 3 dry Note that fruits Acerbe before they be ripe having accession of heat turne sweet as Chestnuts doe Of the taste Austere the second cold taste Austere the 1 Definition it is much Acerbe but milder not so harsh 2 Kinds are according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences 1 It 1 Increaseth a degree in concoction more towards maturity then Acerbe 2 Consists in a medium 1 Not so 1 dry as Acerbe 2 moist as Acide 2 Only by heat and moysture either by 1 Aire 2 Water 3 Moisture only 3 Having accession of moisture only and that more grosse of Acerbe and so causeth Austere 2 Both Austere and Acerbe are in like degree cold but austere is the moister 3 It gets sometimes 1 more 1 heat alone 1 airy and passeth 1 sweet taste 2 Oily 2 watry 2 moisture alone and that either 2 Both together are joyned 4 If the cold remayning in fruits a subtle humiditie grow it causeth taste Acide 5 If it have a watrish moysture and fit heat it turnes either to 1 sweet taste if the moysture growing with heat be Oily 2 Oily 4 Temperature 1 Its 1 cold and dry but not so much as Acerbe 2 Neere in 1 temperature to acerbe but lesse drying 2 effect sappy bodies acerbe become sweet by the interposed degree of 1 Austere as they get a divers increase in heate moisture either 1 conjunctly 2 seperately 2 Acide 3 Oilinesse 5 Effects are as they be 1 cold they expell fluxes 2 dry and earthy 1 they doe 1 condense 2 thicken 3 stop 4 straighten the passages 5 restraine 6 conglutinate 7 cicatrize 2 such are raw unripe fruits 6 Some consist in a meane i. a more earthy body as it is apparent in 1 Grapes unripe 2 Sarvices 7 Some is changed 1 with further concoction of heate from Acerbe 3 Gooseberies 4 Crabs all fruits 2 Example 1 Acerbe fruit i. unripe by 1 heat only augmented become sweet 2 cold being grosse of acerbe turne austere 2 Cold in fruits augmented there retained is turned into Acide 3 Heat and moisture augment together if 1 ayrie they passe to 1 Oily taste 2 sweet 2 watry Of Acide the third and last cold tast Acide the 1 Definition it is a sowre tast as is that of Vineger Verjuce Aligere Sowre juces c. 2 Kinds are according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences are 1 According to the kinds 2 More subtle then any of the two former tasts 3 The subtiller the more 1 piercing or penetrating 2 It divides almost as powerfully as the Acride 4 The 1 thicker in substance The duller in