sun_n and_o the_o heart_n the_o admirable_a proportion_n and_o agreement_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o the_o benevolent_a and_o beneficial_a star_n jupiter_n the_o liver_n of_o man_n the_o wellspring_n of_o most_o sweet_a and_o grateful_a humour_n be_v fit_o compare_v the_o fire_n and_o fury_n of_o mars_n the_o little_a bladder_n of_o the_o gall_n gather_v into_o itself_o the_o cold_a and_o harmful_a star_n saturn_n that_o loose_a and_o slaggy_a flesh_n of_o the_o spleen_n be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o melancholic_a humour_n do_v lively_o resemble_v and_o thus_o in_o like_a number_n and_o equal_a proportion_n both_o arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a do_v these_o celestial_a particle_n as_o they_o be_v term_v of_o either_o world_n the_o great_a of_o heaven_n and_o the_o lesser_a of_o man_n answer_v one_o another_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n by_o the_o astrologer_n elegant_o depicture_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n i_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n for_o these_o be_v thing_n ancient_a and_o common_o know_v as_o be_v sing_v in_o the_o corner_n of_o our_o street_n we_o choose_v rather_o to_o meditate_v of_o more_o sublime_a and_o profound_a matter_n and_o to_o bend_v the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n peripatetike_n the_o comparison_n of_o both_o world_n according_a unto_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetike_n at_o a_o high_a mark_n the_o peripatetike_n do_v divide_v the_o world_n into_o body_n simple_a &_o mix_v simple_a they_o make_v five_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n they_o will_v have_v some_o to_o be_v imperfect_a which_o they_o call_v meteor_n and_o those_o fiery_a airy_a watery_a earthy_a other_o some_o perfect_a as_o those_o thing_n that_o have_v life_n all_o which_o how_o and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v in_o man_n because_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o beautiful_a speculation_n i_o pray_v you_o mark_v and_o observe_v with_o i_o diligent_o of_o this_o little_a world_n the_o simple_a body_n be_v five_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o four_o humour_n the_o spirit_n be_v the_o quintessence_n or_o sift_v essence_n aethereal_a in_o proportion_n as_o say_v the_o man_n the_o simple_a body_n of_o man_n philosopher_n answer_v to_o the_o element_n of_o the_o star_n the_o four_o humour_n be_v call_v the_o four_o sensible_a element_n of_o the_o body_n choler_n in_o temper_n the_o most_o hot_a and_o rage_a resemble_v fire_n blood_n hot_a and_o moist_a resemble_v the_o air_n phlegm_n cold_a &_o moist_a resemble_v the_o water_n melancholy_n cold_a and_o dry_a be_v fit_o compare_v unto_o earth_n behold_v also_o the_o wonderful_a analogy_n of_o the_o meteor_n of_o this_o little_a world_n the_o terrible_a lightning_n and_o fiery_a flash_n and_o impression_n world_n the_o meteorologie_n of_o the_o little_a world_n be_v show_v in_o the_o ruddy_a suffusion_n of_o our_o eye_n when_o we_o be_v in_o a_o heat_n and_o fury_n as_o also_o by_o those_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o dart_a beam_n which_o we_o throw_v from_o the_o same_o the_o rumble_a of_o the_o gut_n their_o croak_a murmur_n their_o rap_a escape_n and_o the_o huddle_v and_o redouble_v belching_n of_o the_o stomach_n do_v represent_v the_o fashion_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o thunder_n the_o violent_a and_o gather_a rage_n of_o bluster_a wind_n tempestuous_a storm_n and_o gust_n be_v not_o only_o exhibit_v but_o also_o foreshow_v by_o exhale_a crudity_n and_o by_o the_o hiss_a sing_a and_o ring_a noise_n of_o the_o ear_n the_o humour_n and_o moistness_n that_o fall_v like_o a_o current_n or_o stream_n into_o the_o empty_a space_n of_o the_o throat_n the_o throttle_v and_o the_o chest_n resemble_v rain_n and_o shower_n thick_a and_o concoct_v phlegm_n that_o come_v up_o round_o and_o roundly_o when_o we_o cough_v carry_v the_o likeness_n of_o hailstone_n tear_n do_v represent_v the_o dew_n shake_v shrink_a tremble_a &_o throb_a motion_n resemble_v the_o earthquake_n there_o be_v also_o find_v in_o our_o body_n mine_n and_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o metal_n and_o stone_n be_v dig_v not_o to_o build_v but_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o house_n so_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o bladder_n do_v carry_v a_o resemblance_n of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n this_o be_v the_o meteorology_n of_o this_o little_a world_n this_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o those_o thing_n therein_o that_o be_v imperfect_o mix_v and_o if_o you_o require_v in_o man_n a_o example_n of_o a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v behold_v and_o consider_v the_o whole_a body_n in_o which_o there_o be_v that_o concord_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o four_o disagree_a quality_n and_o so_o just_a &_o equal_v a_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a middle_n and_o mean_a among_o all_o live_n and_o animate_v thing_n this_o little_a world_n therefore_o which_o we_o call_v man_n be_v a_o great_a miracle_n and_o his_o frame_n and_o composition_n be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v and_o wonder_v at_o than_o the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n for_o it_o be_v a_o far_o easy_a thing_n to_o depaint_v out_o many_o thing_n in_o a_o large_a and_o spacious_a table_n such_o as_o be_v the_o world_n then_o to_o comprehend_v all_o thing_n in_o one_o so_o little_a and_o narrow_a as_o be_v the_o compass_n of_o man_n body_n epicurus_n momus_n pliny_n and_o other_o the_o malicious_a and_o false_a detractor_n from_o nature_n be_v censure_v and_o the_o excellency_n of_o man_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o his_o nakedness_n cap._n iii_o let_v that_o beastly_a epicure_n now_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o mouth_n &_o keep_v silence_n who_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o affirm_v that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n be_v make_v by_o chance_n and_o fortune_n out_o of_o a_o turbulent_a concourse_n forsooth_o of_o a_o number_n of_o atom_n or_o mote_n such_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o sun_n let_v momus_n be_v hiss_v and_o explode_v but_o first_o mark_v with_o a_o black_a brand_n of_o ignorance_n and_o infamy_n who_o presumptuous_o blame_v in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n many_o thing_n as_o lame_a maim_a and_o unperfect_a let_v pliny_n and_o all_o the_o whole_a rabble_n of_o false_a and_o counterfeit_a philosopher_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o school_n of_o nature_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o wrong_v and_o traduce_v she_o for_o cast_v forth_o man_n naked_a and_o unarmed_a on_o the_o bare_a ground_n upon_o his_o birth_n day_n to_o begin_v the_o world_n with_o cry_v and_o lamentation_n for_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o epicure_n those_o thing_n which_o come_v by_o chance_n o_o epicure_n happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o of_o such_o thing_n neither_o any_o certain_a nor_o any_o prosperous_a event_n convince_v the_o error_n of_o the_o epicure_n convince_v can_v constant_o be_v expect_v or_o hope_v for_o but_o if_o thou_o do_v heedful_o observe_v ten_o thousand_o man_n thou_o shall_v find_v all_o their_o body_n make_v and_o frame_v with_o equal_a skill_n and_o unmatcheable_a art_n the_o same_o structure_n of_o bone_n cartelage_n ligament_n sinew_n vein_n artery_n and_o enteral_n the_o same_o context_n and_o composition_n figure_n or_o fashion_n number_n and_o situation_n the_o right_a side_n like_o unto_o the_o left_a and_o all_o the_o body_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n and_o compass_v equal_o poise_v so_o that_o nothing_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n do_v thrust_v itself_o in_o by_o chance_n nothing_o there_o be_v that_o do_v not_o exhibit_v and_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o high_a &_o most_o heavenly_a wisdom_n galen_n to_o convince_v the_o error_n of_o this_o beastly_a epicure_n say_v he_o will_v give_v he_o a_o hundred_o year_n to_o alter_v or_o change_v the_o situation_n figure_n or_o composition_n of_o any_o one_o part_n and_o he_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o end_n that_o he_o will_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o galen_n galen_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n have_v be_v make_v after_o any_o other_o or_o more_o perfect_a manner_n i_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o more_o bold_o if_o all_o the_o angel_n shall_v have_v spend_v a_o thousand_o year_n in_o the_o frame_n &_o make_v of_o man_n they_o can_v not_o have_v cast_v he_o in_o so_o curious_a a_o mould_n or_o make_v he_o like_a to_o that_o he_o be_v much_o less_o can_v they_o have_v set_v he_o forth_o in_o any_o better_a manner_n let_v the_o epicure_n therefore_o be_v pack_v with_o this_o false_a fiction_n &_o feign_a invention_n of_o his_o own_o addle_n brain_n as_o for_o momus_n he_o be_v to_o be_v scorn_v for_o his_o dotage_n &_o simplicity_n who_o wish_v man_n body_n have_v condemn_v the_o slander_n of_o momus_n condemn_v be_v make_v full_o of_o window_n that_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v have_v appear_v why_o momus_n do_v
be_v no_o election_n choice_n or_o dignotion_n of_o one_o simple_a thing_n but_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n of_o illumination_n nor_o light_n nor_o of_o other_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v rehearse_v much_o less_o be_v there_o contrariety_n for_o illumination_n do_v not_o true_o differ_v from_o illumination_n nor_o light_n from_o light_n neither_o be_v illumination_n contrary_a to_o illumination_n nor_o light_n to_o light_n but_o there_o be_v diverse_a difference_n of_o colour_n and_o one_o colour_n be_v contrary_a to_o another_o not_o those_o therefore_o but_o this_o to_o wit_n colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n qvest._n xxxiii_o whether_o colour_n be_v light_n because_o light_n as_o well_o as_o colour_n do_v determine_v the_o sight_n and_o have_v in_o itself_o object_n of_o one_o faculty_n must_v there_o be_v one_o object_n a_o cause_n of_o visibility_n hence_o some_o think_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o one_o object_n of_o one_o know_v and_o discern_a faculty_n have_v esteem_v colour_n &_o light_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o all_o colour_n be_v not_o light_n neither_o be_v all_o light_a colour_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n they_o may_v have_v be_v convert_v reciprocal_o but_o they_o urge_v thus_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v be_v colour_n but_o light_n be_v see_v therefore_o light_n be_v colour_n i_o answer_v to_o be_v see_v may_v be_v understand_v two_o way_n first_o common_o and_o improper_o so_o as_o every_o thing_n both_o colour_n and_o that_o which_o be_v proportionable_a thereunto_o be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v and_o so_o aristotle_n take_v it_o in_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr visu_fw-la where_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o say_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v colour_n and_o that_o which_o be_v without_o name_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o which_o be_v proportionable_a unto_o colour_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n light_n be_v see_v and_o yet_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o colour_n because_o that_o on_o this_o manner_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v see_v which_o be_v not_o colour_n but_o only_o proportionable_a unto_o colour_n second_o this_o word_n see_v be_v take_v proper_o and_o according_a to_o this_o acception_n nothing_o can_v be_v see_v beside_o colour_n but_o they_o add_v yet_o further_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o whiteness_n objection_n objection_n and_o light_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o a_o white_a colour_n do_v dissipate_v the_o sight_n and_o weary_v the_o eye_n and_o the_o same_o effect_n do_v the_o light_a work_n wherefore_o light_n and_o a_o white_a colour_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o we_o deny_v this_o argument_n for_o though_o there_o be_v great_a affinity_n and_o likeness_n between_o whiteness_n and_o the_o light_n as_o also_o betwixt_o blackness_n and_o darkness_n yet_o no_o identity_n nor_o unity_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n do_v hence_o ensue_v for_o if_o the_o case_n be_v so_o two_o lucid_a body_n will_v produce_v colour_n of_o two_o kind_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o dark_a body_n because_o they_o can_v never_o shine_v equal_o and_o alike_o but_o to_o shine_v be_v to_o send_v forth_o a_o colour_n again_o when_o the_o light_n fail_v that_o be_v when_o darkness_n begin_v to_o come_v first_o a_o green_a colour_n than_o a_o purple_a and_o so_o other_o intermix_a colour_n must_v be_v induce_v upon_o the_o dark_a body_n till_o at_o length_n it_o attain_v unto_o the_o quite_o contrary_a colour_n to_o wit_n blackness_n even_o as_o the_o light_n do_v mediate_o and_o by_o degree_n degenerate_a into_o darkness_n but_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o â—bsurd_a than_o this_o for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o white_a colour_n remain_v white_a until_o the_o least_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v yea_o it_o abide_v white_a till_o it_o be_v so_o dark_a that_o we_o can_v see_v nothing_o &_o all_o colour_n be_v take_v away_o from_o our_o eye_n other_o with_o more_o show_n of_o truth_n have_v undertake_v to_o persuade_v that_o colour_n be_v lumen_fw-la or_o a_o illumination_n that_o colour_n be_v a_o illumination_n illumination_n which_o opinion_n they_o strengthen_v with_o no_o small_a argument_n first_o because_o when_o this_o illumination_n be_v absent_a colour_n can_v be_v present_a and_o again_o at_o his_o arrival_n or_o return_n they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o body_n but_o this_o argument_n be_v of_o small_a force_n for_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n do_v not_o generate_v colour_n in_o body_n neither_o when_o it_o depart_v do_v it_o take_v they_o away_o but_o be_v only_o the_o cause_n wherefore_o they_o be_v rather_o sensible_a when_o it_o be_v present_a and_o be_v absent_a they_o be_v not_o see_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o without_o this_o splendour_n colour_n can_v move_v the_o tralucent_a body_n and_o so_o the_o night_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o image_n of_o it_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o deputy_n or_o instead_o of_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o real_a colour_n which_o be_v by_o themselves_o visible_a do_v remain_v if_o not_o actual_o yet_o potential_o yet_o they_o urge_v further_o that_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o diverse_a irtadiation_n or_o glitter_a of_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v of_o a_o white_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o also_o be_v the_o rainbow_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o we_o see_v the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o wax_v purple_a colour_v sometime_o to_o become_v gray_a and_o a_o far_o off_o to_o show_v white_a and_o at_o hand_n black_a final_o the_o neck_n of_o dove_n and_o the_o tail_n of_o peacock_n do_v wonderful_o vary_v their_o colour_n by_o the_o diverse_a aspect_n of_o the_o light_n but_o none_o of_o these_o be_v thus_o indeed_o and_o in_o truth_n but_o do_v so_o appear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o vehement_a splendour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o levity_n of_o the_o colour_a body_n whereupon_o the_o sight_n be_v somewhat_o hinder_v that_o it_o can_v discenrne_v off_o and_o know_v the_o real_a colour_n as_o they_o be_v again_o this_o happen_v not_o only_o from_o the_o direct_a or_o indirect_a irradiation_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o from_o our_o behold_v of_o the_o colour_a thing_n from_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o from_o on_o the_o left_a forward_z or_o backward_o for_o it_o be_v great_o to_o be_v respect_v whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o colour_a thing_n be_v on_o our_o side_n or_o on_o the_o opposite_a and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o peacock_n so_o the_o colour_n of_o her_o train_n seem_v to_o be_v vary_a which_o thing_n painter_n when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o limne_z any_o picture_n do_v diligent_o observe_v mark_v the_o place_n wherein_o the_o life_n be_v place_v to_o wit_n in_o what_o part_n it_o do_v receive_v the_o light_n moreover_o they_o consider_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v resolve_v on_o what_o part_n they_o may_v best_o behold_v it_o well_o know_v that_o both_o our_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n shall_v be_v well_o dispose_v unto_o the_o painter_n a_o good_a observation_n of_o painter_n right_a perception_n and_o discern_v of_o the_o real_a colour_n for_o if_o a_o well_o paint_a picture_n be_v place_v in_o a_o inconvenient_a place_n his_o form_n will_v not_o appear_v artificial_a but_o deform_a and_o disorder_v not_o that_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o it_o only_o appear_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o it_o be_v with_o the_o colour_n of_o peacock_n so_o that_o hence_o we_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o illumination_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o colour_n but_o the_o disorder_a situation_n of_o the_o colour_a body_n and_o of_o he_o which_o behold_v it_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o variation_n thereof_o qvest._n xxxiiii_o that_o the_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o colour_v of_o themselves_o aperspicuum_fw-la or_o tralucent_a body_n be_v without_o all_o darkness_n can_v never_o be_v so_o condense_v that_o a_o colour_n shall_v arise_v therefrom_o and_o therefore_o the_o simple_a element_n yea_o and_o the_o heaven_n itself_o have_v absolute_o no_o true_a colour_n for_o though_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o condense_v that_o it_o may_v degenerate_v into_o water_n colour_v the_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o true_o colour_v yet_o it_o will_v never_o attain_v unto_o a_o colour_n no_o nor_o the_o earth_n itself_o nor_o yet_o that_o which_o be_v more_o condense_a then_o the_o earth_n they_o therefore_o be_v in_o a_o error_n which_o ascribe_v whiteness_n unto_o three_o element_n and_o blackness_n unto_o the_o earth_n indeed_o perspicuity_n and_o transparencie_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o these_o three_o and_o a_o
medium_fw-la for_o we_o can_v see_v without_o it_o nor_o yet_o the_o air_n because_o we_o can_v see_v object_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o other_o element_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o a_o true_a mean_n must_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o all_o visible_a thing_n but_o the_o element_n be_v not_o so_o no_o nor_o the_o heaven_n itself_o it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o none_o of_o these_o may_v be_v account_v for_o the_o mean_a of_o sight_n vision_n nor_o simple_a perspicuity_n be_v the_o true_a mean_a of_o vision_n it_o be_v therefore_o some_o accident_n which_o we_o must_v resolve_v upon_o to_o be_v this_o medium_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o all_o man_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n acknowledge_v this_o accident_n to_o be_v perspicuity_n or_o transparancy_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v thereof_o but_o because_o this_o transparancie_n as_o it_o be_v a_o abstracte_v and_o a_o accident_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o function_n for_o that_o the_o object_n do_v require_v a_o certain_a definite_a affection_n in_o sight_n not_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n the_o medium_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o the_o consent_n and_o agreement_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o connexion_n and_o knit_n of_o the_o extreme_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o object_n and_o organ_n by_o the_o mean_a we_o must_v therefore_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o do_v assist_v and_o help_v this_o perspicuity_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o admit_v simple_o the_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a for_o the_o true_a mean_a of_o the_o sight_n that_o be_v not_o the_o abstract_n only_o but_o the_o whole_a concrete_a as_o it_o have_v perspicuity_n in_o it_o so_o that_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v in_o it_o both_o his_o matter_n and_o his_o form_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o diverse_a and_o manifold_a perspicuum_fw-la the_o etimon_n of_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o say_v every_o thing_n which_o be_v pervious_a and_o may_v be_v perceive_v without_o obstacle_n or_o resistance_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v derive_v a_o perspiciendo_fw-la or_o perceive_v as_o a_o transparent_a body_n a_o transparendo_fw-la because_o all_o thing_n do_v transpare_v and_o appear_v through_o it_o it_o be_v therefore_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n not_o crass_a nor_o dense_a but_o thin_a rare_a and_o subtle_a and_o especial_o apt_a and_o fit_a to_o receive_v the_o ilumination_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o air_n and_o water_n and_o also_o many_o other_o solid_a body_n as_o glass_n ice_n and_o such_o like_a as_o the_o philosopher_n witness_v in_o the_o 68_o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la qvest._n xxxvii_o whether_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perspicuous_a we_o have_v teach_v before_o that_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n light_n whether_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la perish_v with_o the_o light_n but_o because_o the_o light_n do_v very_o easy_o recede_v and_o go_v away_o so_o that_o darkness_n do_v succeed_v and_o easy_o return_v it_o may_v worthy_o be_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o light_a the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v also_o perish_v and_o cease_v to_o be_v and_o be_v again_o generate_v with_o the_o return_n of_o the_o light_n or_o illumination_n for_o my_o own_o part_n that_o i_o may_v speak_v ingenious_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v not_o corrupt_v whole_o but_o only_o after_o a_o sort_n seem_v to_o perish_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o essential_a form_n be_v say_v to_o perish_v it_o seem_v therefore_o that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o perish_v when_o at_o the_o recede_a of_o the_o light_a darkness_n do_v ensue_v which_o darkness_n be_v dark_a the_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v potential_a in_o the_o dark_a a_o privation_n of_o that_o light_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o speak_v of_o a_o body_n actual_o perspicuous_a because_o the_o action_n or_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o actuality_n of_o it_o cease_v when_o the_o light_n fade_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o remain_v in_o potentia_fw-la or_o in_o possibility_n for_o the_o enlighten_v do_v not_o induce_v any_o subtlety_n or_o tenuity_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v thus_o perspicuous_a be_v also_o potential_o perspicuous_a in_o the_o very_a dark_a for_o sometime_o darkness_n sometime_o light_n be_v in_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o 69._o text_n of_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o define_v a_o potential_a perspicuous_a body_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o doubt_n of_o great_a weight_n for_o because_o the_o light_n be_v a_o accident_n to_o wit_n a_o quality_n proceed_v from_o the_o lucide_n body_n how_o can_v it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n in_o regard_n that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v peculiar_a to_o a_o substance_n resolve_v a_o doubt_v resolve_v how_o then_o can_v that_o give_v any_o essence_n or_o be_v to_o another_o which_o have_v no_o essence_n at_o all_o of_o it_o own_o for_o the_o light_n have_v no_o be_v of_o itself_o but_o do_v perpetual_o depend_v upon_o the_o lucid_a body_n and_o therefore_o how_o shall_v it_o give_v a_o essence_n to_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o answer_n answer_n the_o light_n may_v be_v call_v a_o quality_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mere_a accident_n for_o all_o accident_n have_v their_o be_v in_o some_o subject_n and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o be_v nothing_o but_o illumination_n though_o it_o do_v depend_v perpetual_o upon_o some_o lucide_n body_n another_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v in_o another_o yet_o it_o do_v exist_v out_o of_o it_o and_o do_v only_o in_o respect_n differ_v from_o that_o lux_fw-la which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o it_o as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o we_o see_v that_o this_o illumination_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a hemisphere_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a accident_n &_o accident_n light_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a accident_n have_v no_o proper_a essence_n of_o it_o own_o for_o no_o accident_n do_v spread_v so_o far_o from_o his_o original_a or_o subject_a we_o say_v therefore_o that_o lumen_fw-la out_o of_o the_o lucide_n body_n have_v a_o certain_a proper_a be_v of_o his_o own_o and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n for_o which_o cause_n some_o call_v it_o the_o imitation_n or_o resemblance_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n in_o a_o perspicuous_a medium_n quality_n how_o the_o light_n be_v a_o quality_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o lucide_n body_n and_o do_v depend_v upon_o it_o as_o upon_o his_o original_n it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reason_n call_v a_o quality_n of_o the_o same_o lucide_n body_n but_o some_o argue_n against_o this_o on_o this_o manner_n that_o the_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la because_o it_o also_o receive_v the_o darkness_n into_o it_o if_o therefore_o illumination_n be_v the_o objection_n objection_n form_n of_o it_o then_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o to_o wit_n darkness_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o form_n and_o so_o one_o thing_n will_v have_v two_o form_n but_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a for_o though_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v receive_v as_o well_o darkness_n as_o light_n yet_o not_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o it_o receive_v the_o one_o as_o his_o form_n he_o other_o solution_n solution_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o form_n light_v as_o his_o act_n and_o darkness_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o act._n for_o darkness_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o light_v but_o a_o privation_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o no_o other_o thing_n be_v what_o darkness_n be_v but_o a_o absence_n of_o light_n from_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o illumination_n but_o avicen_n say_v that_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o a_o perspicuous_a but_o in_o a_o dark_a body_n and_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n colour_a which_o body_n when_o it_o be_v outward_o illustrate_v than_o he_o think_v that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v illuminate_v and_o he_o will_v have_v this_o perspicuity_n to_o note_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o
water_n be_v actual_o compound_v of_o four_o element_n those_o element_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o it_o actual_o for_o that_o which_o be_v potential_o can_v make_v a_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o we_o will_v say_v if_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n why_o do_v not_o the_o fire_n warm_v it_o sure_o it_o do_v warm_v it_o although_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v all_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o solution_n solution_n shall_v appear_v warm_a unto_o the_o touchf_n or_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o sincere_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o more_o cold_a than_o our_o water_n be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o well_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o deep_a within_o the_o earth_n for_o they_o be_v hot_a in_o winter_n than_o they_o be_v in_o summer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o winter_n the_o winter_n why_o well-water_n be_v warm_a in_o winter_n surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v condense_v or_o close_v up_o so_o that_o the_o internal_a and_o elementary_a heat_n be_v preserve_v within_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o summer_n when_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v loosen_a and_o relax_v issue_v into_o the_o air_n hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o water_n after_o it_o be_v once_o heat_v over_o the_o fire_n will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o other_o which_o be_v new_o take_v out_o of_o a_o river_n because_o in_o boil_v over_o the_o fire_n the_o inbred_a heat_n of_o the_o water_n vanish_v because_o the_o part_n be_v relax_v or_o disunite_v but_o in_o fresh_a spring_n water_n the_o native_a heat_n remain_v which_o preserve_v it_o from_o freeze_a now_o these_o thing_n can_v not_o be_v thus_o except_o that_o fire_n be_v actual_o in_o the_o water_n and_o do_v also_o actual_o heat_v it_o notwithstanding_o the_o philosopher_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v hold_v excuse_v because_o excuse_v the_o phylosophet_n excuse_v the_o pure_a element_n distinguish_v several_o one_o from_o another_o be_v in_o compound_a body_n potential_o for_o actual_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o in_o they_o but_o you_o will_v say_v that_o because_o of_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v natural_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n there_o be_v in_o the_o water_n some_o little_a odour_n and_o that_o little_a odor_n fish_n do_v perceive_v but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o man_n can_v smell_v in_o the_o water_n if_o fish_n therefore_o can_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v more_o perfect_a in_o fish_n then_o in_o man_n which_o be_v utter_o false_a neither_o be_v it_o any_o answer_n to_o say_v that_o the_o water_n have_v odour_n therein_o or_o be_v odorate_v in_o respect_n of_o of_o the_o siccity_n because_o this_o siccity_n be_v only_o potential_a and_o unless_o the_o humidity_n which_o be_v actual_o and_o predominant_a there_o be_v consume_v it_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n for_o actual_a odour_n require_v a_o actual_a siccity_n and_o that_o actuaal_o predominant_a but_o some_o man_n may_v object_v that_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n raise_v up_o exhalation_n and_o so_o odour_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o in_o water_n exhalation_n may_v be_v generate_v but_o none_o such_o as_o aristotle_n exhalation_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o moist_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n understand_v that_o be_v odoriferous_a because_o those_o exhalation_n be_v mere_o vaparous_a wherein_o the_o siccity_n be_v yet_o actual_o overcome_v by_o the_o humidity_n but_o humid_a exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o actual_a odour_n be_v never_o find_v in_o water_n which_o also_o aristotle_n confess_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o aristotle_n proove_v that_o fish_n do_v smell_v because_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o they_o choose_v their_o meat_n by_o their_o smell_v but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o wherefrom_o we_o be_v digress_v and_o at_o length_n to_o determine_v this_o controversy_n we_o say_v that_o fish_n may_v so_o far_o forth_o smell_v as_o the_o water_n wherein_o they_o live_v do_v communicate_v with_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n for_o see_v nothing_o can_v either_o be_v generate_v or_o nourish_v by_o a_o simple_a element_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o fish_n be_v engender_v and_o water_n fish_n can_v smell_v in_o pure_a water_n nourish_v in_o the_o water_n that_o water_n partake_v of_o the_o vigour_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o element_n and_o this_o be_v also_o manifest_v by_o the_o reciprocal_a transmutation_n or_o change_n of_o one_o element_n into_o another_o for_o no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o rarefy_v water_n turn_v into_o air_n and_o air_n rarefy_v into_o fire_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o the_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o unmixed_a for_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v receive_v or_o put_v on_o a_o diverse_a yea_o a_o contrary_a nature_n wherewith_o it_o have_v no_o affinity_n or_o familiarity_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v persist_v and_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o habitation_n of_o fish_n be_v the_o pure_a and_o sincere_a element_n of_o water_n free_a from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o other_o element_n than_o i_o say_v say_v placentinus_n that_o fish_n can_v smell_v at_o all_o my_o reason_n be_v first_o because_o no_o sense_n be_v move_v but_o by_o object_n but_o in_o water_n which_o be_v not_o adulterate_v with_o mixture_n of_o any_o heterogeny_n body_n can_v produce_v a_o object_n of_o smell_v for_o odour_n be_v in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a now_o what_o be_v more_o moist_a and_o free_a from_o siccity_n then_o pure_a and_o simple_a water_n again_o if_o odoriferous_a thing_n by_o too_o plentiful_a effusion_n of_o moisture_n do_v loose_v their_o odour_n how_o can_v pure_a and_o sincere_a water_n have_v any_o odour_n therein_o if_o therefore_o fish_n do_v smell_v as_o aristotle_n and_o other_o classicke_a author_n do_v testify_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o siccity_n which_o come_v from_o the_o permixtion_n of_o air_n and_o fre._n if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o water_n have_v no_o smell_n in_o it_o because_o a_o man_n can_v perceive_v the_o odour_n thereof_o though_o he_o snuff_v it_o into_o his_o nose_n have_v notwithstanding_o a_o great_a perfection_n of_o this_o sense_n the_o fish_n have_v i_o answer_v that_o fish_n and_o those_o creature_n resspiration_n fish_n smell_v without_o resspiration_n that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v without_o respiration_n or_o breathe_n and_o without_o those_o many_o help_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v in_o man_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v to_o fish_n a_o familiar_a element_n a_o little_a odour_n mix_v therewith_o may_v move_v and_o stir_v up_o their_o sense_n whereas_o in_o man_n there_o must_v be_v a_o hot_a steam_n raise_v from_o that_o which_o be_v odoriferous_a there_o must_v be_v also_o respiration_n through_o the_o nose_n to_o convey_v the_o same_o steam_n through_o the_o spongy_a bone_n unto_o the_o mammillary_a process_n before_o this_o sense_n in_o they_o can_v be_v move_v but_o whereas_o aristotle_n absolute_o conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v smell_v because_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n that_o consequence_n we_o can_v so_o well_o approve_v for_o the_o choice_n or_o election_n of_o their_o meat_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o cause_n when_o we_o be_v to_o buy_v any_o victual_n which_o we_o may_v not_o tak'_v weemake_n choice_n by_o our_o eye_n believe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v best_a colour_a be_v also_o best_a taste_v why_o shall_v we_o not_o therefore_o think_v that_o fish_n may_v make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n again_o all_o creature_n by_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n do_v desire_n and_o seek_v after_o that_o aliment_n which_o be_v proportionable_a unto_o they_o for_o what_o teach_v the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n to_o draw_v unto_o it_o the_o mother_n blood_n rather_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o humour_n be_v it_o the_o smell_n of_o blood_n nothing_o infant_n how_o fish_n choose_v their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n by_o instinct_n as_o the_o infant_n less_o for_o the_o infant_n do_v not_o smell_v at_o all_o yea_o it_o draw_v the_o nourishment_n into_o the_o liver_n through_o the_o umbilicall_a vein_n by_o a_o natural_a instinct_n after_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v what_o make_v it_o to_o choose_v the_o mother_n milk_n before_o all_o other_o nourishment_n be_v it_o the_o odour_n or_o smell_n of_o the_o milk_n no_o for_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o infant_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o breast_n he_o sudden_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a force_n lap_v his_o tongue_n about_o the_o head_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o suck_v very_o strong_o shall_v we_o attribute_v this_o work_n of_o the_o infant_n to_o the_o smell_n rather_o than_o to_o a_o instinct_n
neither_o be_v necessary_a see_v the_o taste_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n be_v immediate_o absolve_v or_o perfect_v as_o the_o touch_n be_v that_o which_o we_o taste_v we_o immediate_o touch_v with_o our_o tongue_n neither_o be_v there_o sensation_n make_v till_o the_o object_n light_n upon_o the_o organ_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la i_o ask_v the_o question_n what_o he_o will_v assign_v one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n or_o some_o body_n compound_v of_o they_o sure_o neither_o these_o nor_o that_o for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o element_n it_o must_v be_v fire_n or_o air_n or_o water_n or_o earth_n but_o not_o fire_v no_o element_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la not_o fire_v fire_n for_o that_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a which_o will_v not_o conserve_v but_o consume_v the_o moisture_n where_o in_o especial_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v seat_v now_o the_o office_n of_o a_o medium_n be_v to_o conserve_v the_o object_n not_o to_o destroy_v it_o add_v hereto_o that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n be_v heat_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o can_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o same_o thing_n again_o if_o fire_n be_v the_o mediâ—â—_n we_o may_v like_v a_o salamander_n live_v in_o the_o fire_n or_o champ_v burn_a coal_n and_o not_o be_v hurt_v the_o air_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o the_o sapor_n recide_v in_o the_o mix_a body_n out_o oâ—_n which_o it_o never_o yssu_v wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o must_v lead_v the_o sapor_n unto_o the_o organ_n air_n not_o air_n must_v also_o transport_v unto_o the_o organ_n the_o mix_a body_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n be_v but_o the_o air_n be_v a_o simple_a and_o liquid_a element_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o carry_v a_o solid_a matter_n the_o water_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la because_o we_o do_v not_o live_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o not_o contiguous_a with_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n water_n not_o water_n much_o less_o the_o earth_n for_o that_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o earth_n not_o earth_n sapour_n and_o therefore_o will_v rather_o utter_o destroy_v they_o then_o conserve_v and_o maintain_v theâ—_n one_o word_n may_v have_v serve_v all_o there_o be_v no_o pure_a or_o simple_a element_n &_o that_o which_o be_v not_o can_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la be_v it_o any_o compound_a body_n no_o for_o a_o compound_n body_n woâ—â—_n element_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a element_n disturb_v and_o hinder_v the_o taste_n beside_o every_o mix_a body_n if_o it_o have_v never_o so_o little_a humid_a in_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o gustable_a that_o be_v the_o object_n not_o the_o medium_n of_o taste_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o outward_a medium_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o intermediate_v body_n adjoin_v or_o grow_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n for_o as_o in_o touch_v we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o second_o book_n that_o the_o scarf_n skin_n be_v make_v by_o nature_n to_o come_v between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o skin_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o organ_n not_o to_o be_v a_o medium_n necessary_a what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v necessary_a for_o that_o office_n it_o do_v not_o perform_v but_o a_o little_a to_o dull_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n so_o likewise_o in_o taste_n which_o we_o have_v often_o say_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v we_o hold_v that_o the_o membrance_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o office_n to_o the_o organ_n which_o therefore_o we_o may_v say_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medium_n though_o indeed_o and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o so_o qvest._n lxii_o of_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v have_v thus_o say_v what_o we_o can_v for_o this_o present_a concern_v the_o medium_n of_o taste_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o organ_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n make_v all_o man_n herein_o believe_v their_o sense_n that_o the_o tongue_n be_v it_o which_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n for_o not_o only_o reasonable_a but_o all_o unreasonable_a creature_n when_o they_o will_v taste_v any_o thing_n do_v lay_v it_o to_o their_o tongue_n or_o if_o they_o can_v do_v so_o they_o lay_v their_o tongue_n unto_o it_o to_o distinguish_v the_o taste_n thereof_o some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o pallet_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o this_o sense_n which_o we_o find_v false_a because_o those_o man_n who_o pallet_n be_v eat_v out_o with_o the_o french_a disease_n do_v yet_o taste_v their_o tooth_n that_o the_o palate_n be_v not_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v nor_o the_o tooth_n meat_n well_o enough_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v the_o tongue_n though_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o have_v attribute_v this_o faculty_n to_o the_o tooth_n who_o argument_n happy_o we_o may_v answer_v in_o another_o place_n if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o shall_v not_o think_v they_o unworthy_a our_o resolution_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v conceive_v with_o better_a reason_n that_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n of_o taste_v among_o who_o be_v valesius_fw-la in_o the_o four_o refuted_a nor_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n valesius_fw-la refuted_a and_o twentieth_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o controversy_n but_o he_o affirm_v it_o only_o confirm_v it_o not_o yet_o because_o so_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n have_v affirm_v it_o we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o contrary_n appear_v first_o therefore_o the_o temperament_n which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o which_o other_o membrance_n do_v argument_n the_o first_o argument_n deny_v it_o this_o privilege_n for_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o sapour_n now_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n must_v not_o be_v at_o dagger_n draw_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n but_o rather_o friend_n and_o live_v neighbourly_a together_o so_o as_o the_o organ_n may_v be_v potential_o that_o which_o the_o object_n be_v indeed_o and_o act_v again_o the_o same_o membrane_n which_o incompass_v the_o tongue_n do_v also_o invest_v the_o nostril_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n the_o pallet_n and_o 〈…〉_o llet_fw-la if_o therefore_o the_o membrane_n be_v the_o organ_n this_o sense_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o all_o these_o part_n which_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n not_o to_o be_v so_o valesius_fw-la very_a unaduised_o resolve_v that_o this_o very_a membrane_n encompass_v the_o nostril_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v and_o say_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d â—he_v diversity_n of_o the_o temperament_n which_o make_v it_o in_o the_o tongue_n the_o organ_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o nose_n the_o organ_n of_o smell_v but_o he_o be_v fowl_o deceive_v for_o suppose_v it_o have_v in_o these_o place_n a_o different_a temperature_n we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o only_o the_o temper_n be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o beside_o to_o diverse_a action_n there_o be_v require_v a_o diverse_a substance_n diverse_a i_o say_v and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o else_o where_o to_o be_v find_v now_o this_o membrane_n although_o the_o temper_n do_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o several_a place_n yet_o in_o quality_n and_o substance_n it_o be_v like_o itself_o appear_v so_o both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n final_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n into_o which_o a_o soft_a nerve_n do_v determine_v but_o into_o this_o coat_n no_o man_n will_v say_v the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v who_o have_v but_o touch_v argument_n the_o three_o argument_n anatomy_n with_o his_o upper_a lip_n yet_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chap_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n as_o the_o hard_a nerve_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o muskle_n galen_n objection_n out_o of_o galen_n so_o be_v the_o soft_a into_o their_o proper_a organ_n as_o into_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n so_o that_o hence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o his_o membran_fw-mi be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o taste_v but_o this_o place_n of_o galen_n be_v no_o whit_n against_o our_o opinion_n for_o we_o think_v and_o confess_v that_o that_o into_o which_o the_o expound_v galen_n expound_v nerve_n determine_v be_v the_o true_a organ_n but_o galen_n do_v not_o say_v the_o nerve_n determine_v in_o the_o membrane_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n he_o say_v it_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v rather_o gather_v yea_o therefrom_o it_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o organ_n we_o treat_v of_o because_o into_o it_o the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v
a_o example_n propound_v by_o hypocrates_n for_o say_v he_o if_o you_o give_v drink_n that_o it_o be_v part_n of_o our_o drink_n a_o pig_n that_o be_v very_o dry_a water_n mingle_v with_o minium_n or_o vermilion_n and_o present_o stick_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v all_o his_o windepipe_n along_o dye_v with_o this_o colour_a drink_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v generate_v from_o moist_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o drive_v forth_o by_o his_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o high_a heat_n unto_o the_o pericardium_n by_o who_o density_n they_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v falopius_n laurentius_n &_o archangelus_n who_o remember_v six_o opinion_n concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o humour_n be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o dead_a body_n as_o some_o will_v but_o also_o in_o live_v but_o why_o that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o live_a body_n but_o more_o in_o dead_a and_o why_o more_o plentiful_a after_o death_n except_o in_o those_o that_o die_v of_o consumption_n in_o who_o it_o be_v little_a and_o yellowish_a because_o the_o many_o spirit_n which_o be_v about_o the_o heart_n the_o body_n be_v cold_a be_v turn_v into_o water_n even_o as_o those_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n convert_v into_o water_n we_o also_o affirm_v that_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v in_o live_a body_n and_o not_o only_o in_o those_o that_o be_v disease_v as_o they_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o also_o in_o all_o sound_a body_n yet_o in_o some_o more_o plentiful_a in_o other_o more_o spare_v but_o in_o all_o moderate_a because_o if_o it_o be_v consume_v there_o follow_v a_o disease_a in_o sound_a body_n as_o well_o as_o in_o disease_a consumption_n if_o it_o be_v abundant_a palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o much_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o follow_v suffocation_n and_o death_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v in_o live_a body_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o little_a humour_n like_o unto_o urine_n as_o also_o by_o the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n out_o of_o who_o precious_a side_n issue_v water_n and_o blood_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o dissection_n of_o live_a saviour_n the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n creature_n which_o every_o year_n be_v perform_v for_o further_a advertisement_n especial_o a_o sheep_n or_o such_o like_a great_a with_o young_a vesalius_n add_v a_o example_n of_o a_o man_n who_o heart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o his_o body_n while_o he_o live_v at_o padua_n in_o italy_n final_o the_o use_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o do_v evict_v the_o same_o for_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v moist_a the_o heart_n and_o his_o vessel_n a_o hot_a part_n it_o be_v so_o as_o the_o left_a it_o the_o use_n of_o it_o ventricle_n will_v even_o scald_v a_o man_n finger_n if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o so_o continual_o move_v that_o unless_o it_o be_v thus_o temper_v it_o will_v gather_v a_o very_a torrify_a heat_n by_o cool_v it_o also_o it_o keep_v it_o fresh_a and_o flourish_a it_o moystn_v also_o the_o pericardium_n wherein_o it_o be_v contain_v which_o otherwise_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v be_v exiccate_v or_o dry_v up_o by_o it_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n become_v more_o facile_a and_o easy_a and_o this_o motion_n spend_v it_o and_o resolve_v it_o insensible_o by_o the_o pore_n as_o it_o be_v breed_v but_o if_o in_o the_o passage_n it_o be_v stay_v then_o say_v varolius_n be_v there_o many_o hair_n find_v grow_v right_o against_o it_o on_o the_o breast_n final_o it_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n or_o feel_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o heart_n swim_v as_o it_o breast_n the_o cause_n of_o have_v upon_o the_o breast_n be_v in_o it_o even_o as_o we_o see_v the_o infant_n swim_v in_o sweat_n in_o the_o womb_n aswell_o to_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o also_o that_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v hard_o to_o any_o part_n in_o her_o body_n you_o may_v add_v to_o this_o if_o you_o please_v that_o it_o help_v forward_o the_o concretion_n of_o the_o fat_a about_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o cavity_n also_o of_o the_o chest_n there_o be_v find_v such_o a_o like_a water_n mingle_v with_o blood_n with_o chest_n another_o water_n and_o blood_n mingle_v in_o the_o chest_n which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v continual_o moisten_v and_o cool_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o these_o circumstance_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o follow_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o chest_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o ascend_a trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n tab_n 5._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o division_n of_o the_o hollow-vein_n in_o the_o jugulum_fw-la or_o hollow_a under_o the_o patelbone_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o trunk_n the_o one_o call_v the_o sub-clavius_a the_o other_o super-clavius_a from_o whence_o come_v that_o scrupulous_a choice_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la and_o basilica_n vein_n in_o phlebotomy_n or_o blood-letting_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o the_o trunk_n be_v but_o one_o out_o of_o which_o both_o the_o foresay_a vein_n of_o the_o arm_n do_v proceed_v fig._n 2._o show_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o much_o as_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o hart_n unto_o the_o jugulun_n wherein_o be_v exhibit_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n tabula_fw-la v._o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o 2._o figure_n fig_n iii_o fig._n 3._o show_v a_o rude_a delineation_n of_o the_o fibre_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n fig_n iv_o fig._n 4._o show_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v more_o distinct_o in_o the_o 7._o table_n before_o the_o division_n it_o send_v out_o four_o branch_n table_n 6._o show_v the_o trunk_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o they_o be_v disseminated_a through_o all_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o body_n tabula_fw-la vi_o afterward_o the_o hollowveine_n perforate_v the_o pericardium_n again_o and_o again_o grow_v round_o but_o much_o less_o than_o before_o and_o rise_v up_o where_o the_o right_a lung_n be_v part_v from_o the_o left_a and_o so_o pass_v to_o the_o jugulum_fw-la but_o above_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o body_n it_o part_v with_o a_o notable_a trunk_n or_o branch_n to_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o spondel_n and_o the_o space_n between_o the_o rib_n and_o this_o be_v the_o three_o branch_n call_v vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o sine_fw-la pari_fw-la that_o be_v the_o un-mated_n vein_n 〈◊〉_d vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o have_v before_o call_v non-paril_a tab._n 5._o fig._n 1._o c._n fig._n 2_o b_o fig._n 4_o b_o because_o common_o in_o a_o man_n it_o be_v but_o one_o as_o also_o in_o dog_n and_o have_v not_o another_o on_o the_o other_o side_n like_o unto_o it_o although_o it_o show_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a verne_n disseminated_a through_o both_o the_o belly_n notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v especial_o to_o exhibit_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n and_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o branch_n thereof_o with_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o here_o be_v only_o show_v on_o the_o right_a side_n tabula_fw-la vii_o yyyy_a the_o outward_a vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o inner_a branch_n of_o the_o azygos_n z_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o basilica_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o cephalica_fw-la a._n a_o branch_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o basilica_n z_o b_o the_o vein_n call_v mediana_n or_o the_o middle_a vein_n common_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vein_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tab._n 5._o fig._n 4._o b_o tab._n 6._o ff_n tab._n 7._o d_o out_o of_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o as_o well_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o on_o the_o right_n but_o on_o the_o right_a especial_o branch_n pari_fw-la the_o branch_n of_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la be_v distribute_v to_o the_o distance_n sometime_o of_o all_o but_o most_o what_o of_o the_o ten_o low_a rib_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 4_o which_o be_v call_v intercostales_fw-la rami_fw-la tab._n 6_o gg_n branch_n between_o the_o rib_n this_o vein_n also_o without_o his_o
food_n in_o the_o night_n season_n now_o because_o the_o light_n thus_o affect_v with_o the_o image_n of_o visible_a thing_n must_v pass_v through_o a_o refraction_n of_o his_o beam_n it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v diverse_a translucide_n body_n first_o the_o air_n through_o which_o it_o attayn_v to_o the_o eye_n than_o water_n in_o the_o eye_n in_o which_o this_o refraction_n may_v be_v make_v plato_fw-la indeed_o who_o think_v that_o sight_n be_v make_v extramittendo_fw-la or_o by_o a_o emission_n of_o light_n out_o of_o the_o eye_n think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v fiery_a fiery_a plato_n think_v the_o eye_n be_v fiery_a yet_o not_o such_o a_o fire_n as_o will_v burn_v but_o only_o illustrate_v for_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o threefould_a fire_n one_o shine_a and_o not_o burn_v another_o shine_a and_o burn_v and_o the_o three_o burn_v and_o not_o shine_v but_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o anatomy_n &_o by_o the_o whole_a composition_n of_o the_o eye_n that_o the_o fire_n a_o threefold_a fire_n instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v watery_a and_o therefore_o hip._n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la say_v that_o the_o sight_n be_v nourish_v that_o be_v increase_v by_o a_o moist_a brain_n and_o hereto_o also_o may_v we_o add_v reason_n for_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o water_n to_o receive_v wherefore_o see_v the_o form_n and_o image_n of_o outward_a object_n must_v be_v receive_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v water_n in_o the_o eye_n but_o because_o these_o visible_a form_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v receive_v but_o also_o retain_v in_o retain_v how_o the_o form_n be_v retain_v the_o eye_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v make_v not_o only_o translucid_a but_o also_o dense_a and_o fast_o compact_v wherefore_o nature_n do_v not_o only_o make_v the_o eye_n watery_a that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o refraction_n but_o also_o that_o this_o refraction_n may_v be_v manifold_a she_o have_v create_v translucid_a body_n of_o diverse_a consistence_n for_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v indeed_o translucid_a and_o admit_v the_o light_n yet_o the_o diaphanum_fw-la or_o transparancie_n thereof_o differ_v from_o the_o transparancie_n of_o the_o horny_a membrane_n that_o there_o may_v be_v also_o a_o different_a refraction_n this_o refraction_n be_v make_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n fourefoulde_n the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o air_n into_o the_o horny_a membrane_n which_o be_v a_o fast_a diaphanum_fw-la the_o second_o from_o the_o horny_a eye_n that_o there_o be_v 4._o refraction_n of_o the_o light_n in_o the_o eye_n membrane_n into_o the_o watey_n humour_n which_o be_v a_o thin_a diaphanum_fw-la in_o this_o watery_a humour_n the_o light_n be_v unite_v and_o make_v strong_a so_o that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o pierce_v through_o the_o three_o diaphanum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o crystalline_a humour_n wherein_o as_o in_o a_o fast_a substance_n the_o light_n be_v yet_o more_o strong_o unite_v and_o so_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o last_o refraction_n at_o the_o glassy_a humour_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v by_o and_o by_o and_o as_o in_o the_o eye_n natural_o dispose_v there_o be_v four_o refraction_n so_o in_o the_o spectacle_n which_o make_v the_o object_n both_o large_a and_o bright_a there_o be_v six_o for_o first_o spectacle_n 6._o in_o a_o pair_n of_o spectacle_n of_o all_o the_o light_n enter_v into_o the_o spectacle_n which_o be_v a_o thick_a diaphanum_fw-la from_o the_o air_n which_o be_v a_o thin_a from_o the_o spectacle_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o eye_n it_o pass_v through_o the_o air_n again_o which_o be_v a_o thin_a diaphanum_fw-la into_o the_o horny_a membrane_n which_o be_v a_o thick_a from_o the_o horny_a membrane_n into_o the_o watery_a humour_n which_o be_v a_o thin_a diaphanum_fw-la from_o thence_o into_o the_o chrystaline_a which_o be_v a_o thick_a and_o final_o into_o the_o glassy_a humour_n so_o that_o it_o proceed_v by_o course_n out_o of_o a_o thin_a diaphanum_fw-la into_o a_o thick_a another_o use_n of_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o empty_a space_n betwixt_o the_o crystalline_a and_o the_o forward_a membrane_n as_o also_o to_o keep_v the_o horny_a membrane_n streatcht_a or_o tenter_v humour_n another_o use_n of_o the_o watery_a humour_n &_o moist_a lest_o if_o it_o shall_v grow_v dry_a it_o may_v be_v corrugate_v or_o wrinkle_v and_o so_o become_v thick_a and_o hinder_a the_o reception_n of_o the_o visible_a form_n three_o the_o watery_a humour_n say_v galen_n in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la keep_v the_o horny_a membrane_n the_o grapy_a membrane_n and_o the_o chrystaline_a from_o exiccation_n three_o a_o three_o because_o the_o moisture_n thereof_o keep_v they_o transparent_a without_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vision_n at_o all_o for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o compunction_n or_o wound_n of_o the_o eye_n when_o this_o watery_a humour_n be_v let_v out_o and_o dry_v up_o the_o horny_a membrane_n which_o before_o be_v turgide_a and_o full_a fall_v into_o itself_o and_o become_v dark_a and_o rugous_a the_o four_o use_n of_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v to_o be_v a_o defence_n unto_o the_o chrystaline_a lest_o the_o four_o a_o four_o horny_a membrane_n shall_v touch_v the_o chrystaline_a through_o the_o pupilla_fw-la and_o offend_v it_o with_o his_o hardness_n the_o five_o use_n be_v to_o restrain_v the_o impetuous_a or_o violent_a occursion_n or_o confluence_n of_o external_a colour_n unto_o the_o chrystaline_a five_o a_o five_o and_o final_o to_o elevate_v or_o lift_v up_o the_o form_n of_o visible_a thing_n as_o spectale_n do_v that_o they_o sixth_o a_o sixth_o may_v be_v more_o full_o and_o direct_o perceive_v by_o the_o sense_n for_o when_o the_o image_n of_o external_a thing_n be_v arrive_v at_o the_o narrow_a hole_n of_o the_o pupilla_fw-la they_o be_v lift_v up_o and_o so_o exhibit_v in_o the_o watery_a humour_n wherein_o they_o be_v make_v more_o perspicuous_a and_o this_o indeed_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n why_o nature_n place_v so_o pure_a and_o neat_a a_o humour_n before_o the_o crystalline_a which_o be_v the_o prime_a instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n the_o use_n of_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n be_v to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o wherein_o it_o be_v perfect_v and_o therefore_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o idol_n or_o image_n of_o the_o sight_n humour_n the_o use_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n and_o aristotle_n call_v it_o pupilla_fw-la haply_o because_o we_o see_v especial_o right_a before_o us._n that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o sight_n may_v thus_o be_v demonstrate_v the_o philosopher_n say_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v make_v to_o receive_v any_o thing_n must_v be_v utter_o free_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o it_o be_v to_o receive_v because_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v neither_o work_v upon_o itself_o nor_o suffer_v from_o itself_o wherefore_o that_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o sight_n must_v have_v in_o it_o no_o colour_n at_o all_o philosophy_n a_o axiom_n in_o philosophy_n because_o it_o be_v to_o receive_v all_o colour_n and_o indeed_o hereby_o may_v we_o perceive_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v without_o colour_n when_o if_o it_o be_v place_v against_o any_o colour_n it_o represent_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v in_o air_n water_n crystal_n and_o such_o like_a wherefore_o the_o instrument_n of_o sight_n must_v either_o be_v airy_a or_o watery_a or_o chrystaline_a airy_a it_o may_v not_o be_v because_o the_o colour_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o air_n do_v flow_v through_o it_o make_v to_o mutation_n at_o all_o therein_o but_o we_o know_v that_o the_o instrument_n do_v only_o then_o perceive_v &_o apprehend_v the_o object_n when_o it_o so_o suffer_v therefrom_o that_o it_o be_v make_v the_o very_a same_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o colour_n do_v pass_v through_o the_o air_n and_o make_v no_o mutation_n therein_o it_o can_v not_o be_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o sight_n shall_v be_v airy_a in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o can_v not_o be_v watery_a for_o though_o the_o species_n and_o form_n of_o colour_n make_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o the_o water_n than_o they_o do_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o colour_n therein_o so_o imprint_v that_o a_o man_n may_v behold_v they_o in_o it_o but_o they_o flow_v through_o watery_a nor_o watery_a it_o also_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o sight_n must_v be_v crystalline_a because_o that_o only_o can_v receive_v and_o retain_v the_o visible_a form_n and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o autopsie_n or_o ocular_a inspection_n for_o if_o you_o take_v a_o bead_n of_o crystal_n and_o set_v it_o opposite_a
that_o the_o nature_n of_o hear_v be_v airy_a mundinus_n say_v there_o be_v a_o audible_a spirit_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n which_o be_v the_o mundinus_n mundinus_n instrument_n of_o hear_v carpus_n thus_o the_o implant_v air_n receyve_v the_o species_n or_o form_n which_o be_v bring_v carpus_n carpus_n to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v varolius_fw-la the_o include_v airy_a spirit_n be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o hear_v archangelus_n varolius_fw-la coiter_v archangelus_n coiter_v this_o air_n be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v yea_o a_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n archangelus_n it_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o the_o faculty_n use_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o sound_n and_o voice_n and_o in_o judge_v of_o they_o aquapendens_fw-la the_o office_n of_o this_o air_n be_v to_o receive_v outward_a and_o external_a sound_n &_o so_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a author_n of_o hear_v aquapendens_fw-la aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n it_o be_v the_o matter_n which_o receyve_v the_o sound_n the_o medium_fw-la wherethrough_a it_o be_v transport_v for_o after_o it_o have_v receyve_v a_o sound_n it_o do_v not_o conceyve_v it_o or_o judge_v of_o placentinus_n placentinus_n it_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n inanimate_v now_o no_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v perform_v by_o that_o which_o be_v not_o animate_v laurentius_n this_o air_n be_v exceed_o necessary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v without_o which_o i_o can_v laurentius_n laurentius_n scarce_o conceive_v how_o we_o shall_v hear_v at_o all_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v i_o can_v never_o be_v persuade_v especial_o because_o it_o be_v not_o animate_v but_o rather_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o internal_a medium_fw-la final_o our_o author_n bauhine_n set_v down_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o these_o term_n this_o air_n the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v use_v as_o a_o internal_a medium_fw-la for_o the_o susception_n and_o transvection_n bauhine_v bauhine_v or_o transportation_n of_o sound_v and_o voice_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n by_o it_o to_o be_v discern_v like_v as_o in_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n there_o be_v require_v a_o double_a medium_fw-la the_o one_o outward_a the_o other_o inward_a inward_a as_o in_o the_o sight_n the_o watery_a humour_n in_o the_o taste_n the_o spittle_n in_o the_o smell_v the_o spongy_a bone_n in_o the_o touch_v the_o skin_n be_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la a_o inward_a &_o a_o outward_a medium_fw-la medium_fw-la although_o i_o know_v laurentius_n will_v have_v it_o the_o cuticle_n in_o which_o the_o form_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o so_o naked_a be_v transport_v unto_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n the_o implant_v air_n be_v gather_v in_o the_o inward_a ear_n to_o receive_v the_o abstract_a form_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o to_o transport_v they_o or_o convey_v they_o unto_o the_o sense_n again_o as_o in_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o internal_a medium_fw-la be_v distinct_a and_o a_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o chief_a organ_n of_o hear_v differ_a thing_n from_o the_o principal_a organ_n to_o which_o the_o action_n particular_o belong_v as_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n the_o watery_a humour_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la but_o the_o chrystaline_a the_o principal_a part_n receive_v the_o representation_n but_o not_o judge_v of_o they_o so_o in_o the_o hear_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la be_v this_o implant_v air_n but_o the_o principal_a part_n be_v the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o judge_v of_o the_o idea_n but_o conduct_v it_o to_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v to_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o sound_v consider_v that_o to_o entreat_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v belong_v rather_o to_o a_o philosopher_n then_o to_o anatomist_n we_o will_v be_v but_o brief_a herein_o yet_o something_o we_o think_v good_a to_o say_v because_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o ear_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la three_o thing_n require_v to_o sensation_n object_n definition_n of_o a_o sound_n medium_fw-la sense_n of_o hear_v unto_o this_o sense_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n require_v a_o object_n a_o medium_fw-la and_o a_o instrument_n the_o object_n be_v that_o which_o be_v audible_a that_o be_v all_z sounds_z a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n yssue_v out_o of_o the_o air_n coiter_v add_v or_o the_o water_n beat_v by_o sudden_a and_o forcible_a collision_n or_o concurrence_n of_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o those_o smooth_a concavous_a and_o large_a this_o definition_n we_o will_v labot_n to_o explain_v in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n the_o 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that_o general_o the_o philosopher_n and_o physician_n do_v determine_v that_o the_o inbred_a air_n be_v the_o especial_a and_o proper_a organ_n of_o hear_v because_o as_o in_o the_o eye_n the_o chrystaline_a receive_v the_o object_n that_o be_v the_o light_n so_o this_o inbred_a air_n receive_v the_o sound_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o not_o this_o air_n but_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v the_o principal_a instrument_n for_o we_o think_v with_o galen_n that_o not_o only_o the_o alteration_n or_o reception_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o inbred_a air_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o also_o the_o dignotion_n or_o judgement_n of_o that_o alteration_n wherefore_o sound_v and_o voice_n be_v transfer_v by_o this_o air_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n as_o unto_o the_o substance_n that_o be_v apprehensive_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o common_a sense_n where_o they_o be_v exquisite_o judge_v off_o for_o if_o they_o must_v be_v know_v and_o perceive_v then_o must_v they_o 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sound_n also_o of_o the_o bell_n will_v be_v take_v from_o us._n so_o also_o when_o two_o hard_a body_n be_v smite_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o we_o see_v the_o purcussion_n before_o we_o hear_v the_o sound_n for_o we_o do_v not_o hear_v the_o sound_n before_o the_o air_n that_o be_v move_v do_o bring_v the_o sound_n with_o it_o to_o our_o ear_n neither_o be_v that_o motion_n make_v in_o a_o moment_n but_o in_o time_n and_o be_v carry_v swift_a or_o slow_a as_o the_o percussion_n of_o of_o the_o resist_a body_n be_v more_o or_o less_o vehement_a and_o quick_a for_o this_o the_o philosopher_n require_v in_o sound_n and_o consequent_o the_o repercussion_n or_o repulse_n of_o the_o air_n so_o we_o see_v in_o a_o drum_n if_o the_o skin_n or_o vellum_n be_v moist_a and_o lax_n either_o they_o will_v not_o sound_v at_o all_o or_o they_o make_v but_o a_o dull_a noise_n the_o
opinion_n by_o this_o that_o as_o the_o colour_a body_n be_v illuminate_v either_o right_o or_o oblique_o even_o so_o be_v the_o colour_n thereof_o change_v but_o have_v dispute_v this_o before_o i_o now_o pass_v it_o over_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o demonstrate_v and_o show_v that_o the_o colour_n the_o epicure_n reason_n that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n lumen_fw-la or_o splendencie_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n but_o first_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o argument_n which_o the_o epicure_n bring_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o opinion_n they_o say_v therefore_o that_o see_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v be_v one_o and_o simple_a therefore_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v judge_v there_o by_o proper_o and_o by_o themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v unto_o one_o primarie_n genus_fw-la and_o because_o light_n can_v be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o colour_n be_v reduce_v unto_o light_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v so_o absurd_a that_o it_o seem_v not_o worthy_a the_o time_n and_o labour_n of_o confutation_n especial_o because_o it_o no_o whit_n advance_v the_o certainty_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o they_o be_v to_o conclude_v that_o lumen_fw-la be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n yet_o nevertheless_o their_o argument_n will_v not_o stand_v for_o we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o which_o be_v see_v ought_v proper_o and_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o one_o genus_fw-la or_o head_n because_o the_o faculty_n judge_v of_o they_o be_v one_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o but_o we_o deny_v that_o illumination_n can_v proper_o be_v see_v or_o that_o colour_n may_v be_v refer_v there-unto_a have_v we_o not_o convince_v by_o that_o which_o head_n all_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o head_n go_v before_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v see_v by_o itself_o be_v a_o colour_n be_v not_o light_a and_o translucencie_n perceive_v improper_o to_o wit_n only_o as_o they_o be_v proportion_v unto_o a_o colour_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v sufficient_o and_o have_v we_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o neither_o light_n nor_o splendencie_n can_v be_v a_o colour_n how_o then_o shall_v colour_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n yea_o i_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o illumination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n colour_n the_o light_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o colour_n because_o it_o become_v visible_a no_o other_o way_n then_o as_o it_o obtain_v some_o proportion_n with_o colour_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o do_v object_n that_o colour_n be_v say_v to_o be_v actual_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o transparent_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o illuminate_v transparent_a body_n because_o without_o light_a both_o the_o colour_n and_o transparent_a body_n be_v only_o in_o potentia_fw-la and_o possibility_n see_v therefore_o that_o the_o light_n do_v induce_v a_o actual_a be_v upon_o the_o colour_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n because_o the_o act_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o how_o that_o of_o aristotle_n namely_o that_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o light_n do_v actuate_v colour_n i_o answer_v that_o light_n do_v not_o actuate_v the_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v consider_v in_o it_o own_o form_n light_n be_v not_o the_o form_n nature_n as_o a_o colour_n for_o a_o colour_n remain_v a_o colour_n even_o in_o the_o dark_a it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o it_o make_v the_o colour_n actual_o visible_a neither_o do_v we_o deny_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o colour_n it_o shall_v not_o only_o make_v it_o visible_a but_o what_o effence_n so_o ever_o colour_n have_v it_o shall_v of_o necessity_n have_v receive_v it_o from_o the_o light_n but_o we_o have_v teach_v already_o that_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o four_o element_n moreover_o it_o can_v be_v that_o this_o light_n shall_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n first_o because_o the_o form_n join_v with_o the_o matter_n do_v constitute_v one_o compound_v body_n but_o light_n and_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o colour_n be_v in_o diverse_a subject_n again_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o one_o accident_n be_v the_o form_n of_o another_o but_o light_n though_o it_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a accident_n yet_o it_o savour_v most_o of_o a_o accident_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n last_o if_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n than_o colour_n shall_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la for_o whether_o the_o light_n be_v strong_a or_o remiss_a whether_o it_o be_v direct_a or_o refract_v and_o break_v it_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o we_o see_v that_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o diverse_a but_o also_o contrary_a therefore_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n but_o the_o epicure_n will_v make_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o their_o different_a original_n and_o beginning_n which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o matter_n sure_o a_o opinion_n unbeseeming_a one_o which_o carry_v but_o the_o name_n of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o can_v you_o take_v form_n all_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o form_n the_o difference_n of_o thing_n from_o their_o matter_n know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o specifical_a difference_n of_o thing_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o form_n be_v it_o any_o matter_n which_o distinguish_v a_o man_n from_o a_o beast_n no_o but_o the_o understanding_n or_o reason_n now_o reason_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n not_o his_o matter_n and_o this_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o mechanical_a art_n for_o the_o same_o workman_n out_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n do_v form_n both_o a_o altar_n and_o a_o image_n and_o these_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o not_o because_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o diverse_a matter_n but_o because_o a_o diverse_a form_n be_v give_v to_o either_o of_o they_o to_o these_o we_o will_v add_v that_o colour_n be_v another_o thing_n then_o the_o light_n for_o colour_n work_v upon_o the_o light_n touch_v the_o illuminate_v air_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o a_o looking-glass_n receyve_v colour_n bring_v unto_o it_o through_o enlighten_v air_n so_o also_o the_o greenness_n of_o tree_n and_o meadow_n do_v appear_v in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v opposite_a unto_o they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o image_n how_o a_o glass_n receive_v image_n the_o colour_n shall_v work_v upon_o the_o light_n but_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o the_o thing_n form_v do_v work_v upon_o the_o form_n qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o the_o sight_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v whether_o the_o sight_n stand_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o all_o rest_n upon_o experience_n which_o no_o man_n well_o in_o his_o wit_n will_v contradict_v for_o see_v a_o visible_a object_n impose_v to_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o see_v if_o you_o lay_v any_o colour_n upon_o the_o eye_n it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v and_o if_o that_o say_n of_o aristotle_n be_v true_a in_o any_o sense_n it_o be_v especial_o true_a in_o this_o sense_n of_o sight_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o sense_n do_v make_v no_o sensation_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v that_o the_o sight_n have_v medium_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o it_o need_v a_o medium_fw-la need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la especial_o be_v here-unto_o persuade_v by_o reason_n beside_o experience_n for_o sight_n be_v a_o spiritual_a sense_n and_o therefore_o can_v perceive_v material_a thing_n as_o they_o be_v material_a but_o it_o discern_v their_o species_n receive_v in_o the_o mean_a and_o how_o can_v material_a thing_n send_v forth_o these_o species_n if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n i_o say_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o may_v draw_v out_o and_o receive_v the_o species_n or_o form_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v first_o it_o can_v be_v a_o body_n for_o every_o body_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n no_o bodiâ—_n be_v the_o mean_a of_o sighr_n neither_o compound_n compound_v a_o compound_n body_n it_o can_v be_v because_o all_o compound_n body_n be_v colour_v and_o by_o consequent_a be_v a_o object_n and_o not_o a_o mean_a neither_o can_v any_o of_o the_o simple_a body_n be_v account_v for_o a_o mean_a for_o they_o be_v the_o four_o element_n fire_n aire_n water_n and_o earth_n fire_n be_v no_o
which_o hinder_v the_o light_n &_o then_o that_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v present_a when_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v the_o colour_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v illuminate_v if_o then_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n it_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v the_o form_n thereof_o but_o though_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n yet_o i_o can_v stay_v my_o judgement_n refute_v refute_v upon_o it_o for_o some_o perswasible_a reason_n which_o move_v i_o to_o think_v contrary_a for_o nothing_o can_v pass_v from_o one_o extreme_a unto_o another_o unless_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o it_o can_v pass_v through_o the_o medium_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v first_o receive_v into_o it_o moreover_o in_o a_o perspicuous_a mean_n there_o appear_v diverse_a effect_n of_o light_n for_o it_o be_v attenuate_v and_o heat_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o light_n be_v not_o first_o receive_v into_o it_o and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o gather_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o auicen_n conceit_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o difficulty_n about_o the_o eye_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o book_n and_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o his_o topic_n say_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o any_o species_n depend_v upon_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la see_v therefore_o that_o definition_n why_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n must_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n the_o voice_n be_v a_o certain_a species_n of_o sound_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o offspring_n propagate_v there_o from_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o it_o savour_v much_o of_o his_o original_n and_o beginning_n wherefore_o before_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o voice_n which_o be_v the_o most_o particular_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o we_o praemise_v somewhat_o concern_v the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n in_o general_a for_o by_o that_o mean_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n i_o mean_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v will_v be_v better_o guide_v and_o perfect_v wherefore_o we_o will_v first_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n second_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n three_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o last_o we_o will_v unfold_v some_o difficulty_n which_o may_v otherwise_o breed_v scruple_n in_o us._n i_o know_v well_o that_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o plain_a way_n of_o teach_v be_v to_o begin_v with_o a_o definition_n but_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v as_o we_o say_v eus_fw-la fluxum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o a_o be_v as_o be_v then_o only_a existent_n while_o it_o be_v a_o do_v and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o generation_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o generation_n or_o manner_n of_o production_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o definition_n will_v be_v better_o understand_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n when_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n begin_v his_o treatise_n at_o the_o manner_n of_o production_n &_o so_o will_v we_o insist_v in_o his_o footstep_n which_o although_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o yet_o we_o will_v a_o far_o off_o adore_v as_o therefore_o no_o sound_n be_v make_v without_o two_o body_n mutual_o impeach_v or_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o as_o even_o our_o sight_n and_o hear_v do_v sufficient_o teach_v we_o so_o our_o medium_n 3._o thing_n require_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n two_o body_n a_o medium_n mind_n also_o may_v conceive_v that_o without_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v not_o only_o the_o medium_n wherein_o a_o concussion_n be_v make_v but_o also_o the_o material_a cause_n have_v in_o it_o a_o power_n of_o 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another_o but_o rather_o one_o part_v prevent_v another_o and_o before_o the_o first_o part_n have_v part_v from_o the_o place_n another_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n which_o when_o it_o be_v successive_o make_v be_v gentle_a and_o easy_a become_v now_o byreason_n of_o this_o inordinate_a violence_n tumultuary_a and_o troublesome_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o soft_a &_o acute_a body_n make_v no_o sound_n in_o their_o collision_n because_o the_o stroke_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o do_v not_o so_o disparkle_v or_o divide_v the_o intermediate_v body_n that_o there_o shall_v follow_v upon_o it_o any_o interception_n or_o fraction_n whereby_o the_o successive_a dissipation_n may_v be_v prevent_v unequal_a body_n because_o instance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o former_a instance_n in_o their_o hollow_a and_o depress_a part_n they_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o it_o be_v into_o parcel_n do_v yield_v a_o lesser_a sound_n those_o that_o be_v hollow_a because_o they_o gather_v and_o close_v more_o air_n which_o be_v confuse_o shuffle_v and_o beat_v part_n upon_o part_n do_v yield_v a_o great_a and_o strong_a resonance_n two_o block_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o do_v not_o sound_v so_o loud_o the_o reasonis_n because_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o so_o smart_a a_o bell_n and_o a_o clapper_n because_o of_o their_o hardness_n and_o polish_a superficies_n do_v break_v the_o air_n more_o sudden_o and_o thorough_o and_o so_o beget_v a_o loud_a and_o brisk_a sound_n a_o new_a cloth_n when_o it_o be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o rash_v loud_a than_o the_o percussion_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n because_o the_o air_n which_o be_v about_o it_o be_v diverse_o distract_v into_o many_o part_n where_o the_o many_o thread_n be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o a_o sound_n be_v make_v when_o as_o two_o body_n offend_v
or_o justle_n one_o against_o another_o the_o medium_n wherein_o they_o be_v move_v endure_v betwixt_o they_o a_o compression_n that_o compression_n end_v in_o attrition_n that_o attrition_n in_o fraction_n and_o that_o fraction_n kindle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o resonance_n wherefore_o aristotle_n say_v well_o in_o the_o 78._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o a_o sound_n be_v always_o actuate_v when_o one_o thing_n move_v against_o another_o in_o a_o three_o find_v that_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o the_o find_v but_o although_o the_o air_n thus_o beat_v and_o break_v make_v a_o find_v yet_o the_o very_a fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o sound_n neither_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n thereof_o and_o herein_o all_o philosopher_n do_v agree_v particular_o avicen_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o stand_v upon_o authority_n we_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n first_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o motion_n be_v a_o common_a object_n not_o discern_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n second_o motion_n be_v no_o quality_n but_o reduce_v unto_o other_o predicament_n as_o we_o say_v in_o school_n that_o be_v to_o action_n passion_n or_o place_n but_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n to_o wit_n one_o of_o the_o motion_n nor_o the_o motion_n three_o kind_n to_o which_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v refer_v three_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o motion_n so_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n so_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o all_o philosophy_n the_o same_o philosophy_n teach_v we_o that_o nothing_o produce_v itself_o see_v then_o that_o motion_n produce_v sound_a certain_o sound_a can_v be_v no_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 58._o text_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o the_o solution_n objection_n solution_n sixth_o chapter_n say_v that_o sound_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o we_o answer_v that_o he_o speak_v not_o in_o a_o formal_a sense_n but_o in_o a_o casual_a that_o be_v not_o endeavour_v to_o give_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n but_o a_o casual_a production_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v when_o some_o motion_n be_v make_v with_o such_o and_o such_o circumstance_n a_o sound_n will_v result_v therefrom_o we_o will_v also_o add_v another_o reason_n and_o that_o very_o strong_a which_o be_v on_o this_o manner_n those_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o particular_a existence_n or_o be_v one_o without_o the_o other_o be_v in_o themselves_o several_o distinct_a and_o diverse_a now_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o break_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n have_v several_a and_o particular_a being_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v diffuse_v and_o attain_v to_o those_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n to_o which_o part_v the_o motion_n can_v reach_v and_o this_o aristotle_n in_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la proove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o angler_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o disport_n be_v as_o silent_a as_o may_v be_v and_o yet_o the_o fish_n hear_v they_o now_o say_v aristotle_n instance_n aristotle_n instance_n it_o be_v not_o like_o that_o their_o whisper_n can_v produce_v so_o vehement_a a_o motion_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n break_v thereby_o shall_v by_o succession_n move_v through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o water_n unto_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o fish_n again_o that_o this_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n of_o the_o sound_n may_v thus_o be_v evict_v local_a motion_n of_o itself_o contend_v or_o strive_v only_o unto_o motion_n that_o sound_n be_v not_o immediate_o generate_v by_o motion_n place_n neither_o of_o itself_o do_v it_o make_v impression_n of_o any_o other_o real_a be_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v move_v as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o the_o 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which_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o be_v the_o fraction_n or_o break_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o sound_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la for_o so_o you_o shall_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o call_v it_o because_o we_o can_v devise_v no_o other_o name_n immediate_o after_o this_o follow_v the_o sound_n qvest._n thirty-nine_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n have_v as_o plain_o as_o we_o can_v deliver_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n and_o production_n of_o a_o sound_v we_o will_v now_o brief_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o it_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 65_o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la define_v a_o sound_a to_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v move_v with_o that_o motion_n wherewith_o those_o thing_n be_v move_v which_o do_v rebound_v from_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o body_n other_o do_v define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o sensative_a quality_n strike_v the_o hear_n and_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o that_o sense_n but_o we_o will_v thus_o define_v it_o a_o sound_z be_v a_o passive_a and_o successive_a quality_n produce_v from_o the_o interception_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o objection_n the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n objection_n collision_n or_o strike_v of_o two_o sound_a body_n &_o so_o fit_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a nature_n of_o one_o thing_n as_o arist_n say_v in_o the_o 4_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o topicke_n and_o that_o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n express_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o same_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 5_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o 5._o book_n of_o topic_n say_v there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o definition_n give_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o one_o simple_a but_o of_o a_o threefold_a nature_n because_o we_o have_v set_v down_o three_o definition_n one_o differ_v from_o another_o whereas_o we_o promise_v but_o one_o definition_n in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o three_o accident_n a_o threefold_a definition_n of_o accident_n thing_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o accident_n and_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o their_o nature_n may_v be_v better_o manifest_v these_o be_v the_o subject_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o three_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a intention_n and_o end_n of_o the_o definer_n such_o accident_n be_v define_v either_o with_o the_o mention_n of_o they_o all_o or_o of_o the_o subject_n and_o genus_fw-la only_o the_o cause_n be_v leave_v out_o or_o of_o the_o cause_n alone_o omit_v the_o other_o two_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o define_v satisfy_v the_o understanding_n best_o the_o other_o afford_v but_o a_o lame_a &_o defective_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o be_v define_v so_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o the_o eclipse_n that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n by_o eclipse_n by_o the_o eclipse_n reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o sun_n all_o three_o be_v contain_v likewise_o the_o thunder_n define_v to_o be_v a_o sound_n in_o a_o cloud_n make_v by_o the_o extinction_n of_o fire_n be_v a_o definition_n consist_v of_o all_o three_o but_o this_o thunder_n be_v only_o define_v by_o the_o subject_n and_o thunder_n and_o thunder_n the_o genus_fw-la if_o we_o say_v that_o thunder_n be_v a_o sound_n in_o a_o cloud_n and_o by_o the_o cause_n alone_o when_o we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n now_o if_o the_o nature_n of_o accident_n be_v such_o and_o so_o great_a variety_n be_v in_o their_o
other_o body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sound_n of_o those_o creature_n which_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la and_o of_o most_o fish_n the_o sound_n that_o proceed_v from_o such_o organ_n as_o be_v not_o thereto_o by_o nature_n depute_v be_v also_o double_a first_o as_o when_o two_o creature_n or_o two_o hand_n do_v strike_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o when_o one_o body_n have_v life_n the_o other_o have_v none_o as_o when_o a_o man_n strike_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o table_n furthermore_o the_o natural_a sound_n of_o body_n without_o life_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n as_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o these_o mix_v for_o example_n the_o thunder_a of_o air_n when_o it_o be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o in_o water_n and_o violent_o break_v forth_o through_o a_o narrow_a outlet_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o natural_a sound_n i_o call_v that_o violent_a which_o be_v make_v by_o body_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o by_o a_o sound_n violent_a sound_n extrinsecall_n or_o outward_a principle_n all_o which_o may_v be_v nice_o part_v into_o several_a section_n if_o we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o any_o man_n may_v out_o of_o the_o order_n we_o have_v before_o insist_v upon_o frame_n unto_o himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o distinction_n or_o difference_n of_o sound_n qvest._n xli_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v the_o philosopher_n do_v diverse_o dissent_v in_o their_o opinion_n alcmaeon_n think_v that_o we_o do_v therefore_o hear_v because_o our_o ear_n be_v empty_a alcmaeon_n diverse_a opinion_n of_o hear_v alcmaeon_n and_o hollow_a within_o for_o all_o empty_a thing_n do_v make_v a_o resonance_n diogenes_n thought_n that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o air_n within_o the_o brain_n and_o that_o this_o air_n be_v strike_v with_o the_o voice_n &_o this_o conceit_n be_v controvert_v in_o hypocrates_n time_n &_o therefore_o diogenes_n diogenes_n in_o his_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o inveigh_v against_o it_o there_o be_v say_v he_o some_o which_o write_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n have_v affirm_v that_o the_o brain_n do_v make_v a_o sound_n which_o can_v be_v for_o the_o brain_n be_v humid_a and_o moist_a but_o no_o moist_a body_n can_v cause_v a_o sound_n plato_n write_v that_o hear_v be_v hypocrates_n hypocrates_n make_v by_o the_o pulsation_n and_o beat_n of_o a_o internal_a air_n but_o we_o pass_v by_o these_o slippery_a way_n of_o opinion_n will_v insist_v upon_o the_o true_a manner_n of_o plato_n plato_n hear_v and_o in_o a_o short_a and_o familiar_a discourse_n display_v the_o whole_a nature_n thereof_o for_o because_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n particular_o to_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n in_o who_o day_n anatomy_n be_v but_o in_o the_o infancy_n and_o therefore_o the_o many_o small_a and_o curious_a part_n of_o that_o organ_n not_o find_v out_o we_o can_v therefore_o collect_v the_o perfect_a nature_n of_o hear_v out_o of_o their_o writing_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o disquisition_n we_o must_v trust_v more_o unto_o our_o own_o experience_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o three_o thing_n be_v require_v unto_o sense_n it_o how_o hear_v be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o it_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o instrument_n or_o organ_n the_o object_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v sound_a as_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o light_n but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n we_o have_v entreat_v already_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o place_n only_o i_o will_v call_v to_o your_o remembrance_n by_o the_o way_n that_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o fraction_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v be_v what_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n for_o soft_a thing_n do_v easy_o yield_v neither_o do_v they_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o which_o beat_v against_o they_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a of_o hear_v be_v the_o external_a air_n for_o aristotle_n doubt_v whether_o it_o the_o medium_n of_o it_o the_o organ_n of_o it_o a_o voice_n can_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o water_n or_o no_o and_o yet_o he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o fish_n do_v hear_v who_o be_v ever_o present_a at_o the_o fish_n for_o mullet_n in_o the_o night_n the_o instrumtnt_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v not_o the_o external_a ear_n but_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v of_o four_o cavity_n and_o many_o other_o particle_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o manner_n therefore_o of_o hear_v be_v thus_o the_o external_a air_n be_v strike_v by_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sound_n do_v alter_v that_o air_n hear_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v which_o adjoin_v next_o unto_o it_o and_o this_o air_n move_v the_o next_o to_o that_o until_o by_o this_o continuation_n and_o successive_a motion_n it_o arrive_v at_o the_o eare._n for_o even_o as_o if_o you_o cast_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o pond_n there_o will_v circle_n bubble_v up_o one_o overtaking_a and_o move_v another_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a circle_n generate_v until_o by_o succession_n they_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v avicen_n very_o witty_o call_v this_o continuation_n of_o the_o strike_a air_n undam_fw-la vocalem_fw-la a_o vocal_a wave_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v not_o make_v in_o a_o moment_n but_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n whereupon_o it_o be_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o present_o after_o the_o stroke_n hear_v from_o afar_o the_o air_n endow_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sound_n be_v through_o the_o auditory_a passage_n which_o outward_o be_v always_o open_a first_o strike_v against_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o sound_a membrane_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v tympanum_fw-la or_o the_o drum_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v do_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o in_o a_o moment_n make_v impression_n of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o sound_n this_o sound_n be_v present_o receive_v of_o the_o inbred_a air_n which_o it_o carry_v through_o the_o window_n of_o the_o stony_a stone_n before_o describe_v into_o the_o wind_a burrough_n and_o so_o into_o the_o labyrinth_n after_o into_o the_o snaile-shell_n and_o last_o into_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o convey_v it_o thence_o unto_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o his_o censor_n and_o judge_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a manner_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xlii_o whether_o the_o proper_a and_o inbred_a air_n contain_v within_o the_o ear_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o principal_a instrument_n of_o hear_v the_o proper_a and_o ingenit_fw-la air_n which_o the_o barbarian_n call_v implant_v and_o aristotle_n inaedificate_v and_o immoneable_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o second_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o the_o same_o aristotle_n call_v the_o snayle-shell_n some_o do_v it_o the_o name_n of_o it_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o other_o but_o always_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o the_o ear_n other_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a sound_n but_o can_v receive_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n the_o ancients_n thought_n that_o this_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v and_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o air_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensil_n say_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v airy_a indeed_o i_o esteem_v this_o air_n to_o be_v very_o necessary_a unto_o hear_v yea_o so_o necessary_a that_o hear_n can_v scarce_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o but_o i_o can_v never_o persuade_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v a_o universal_a theorem_a and_o general_o true_a that_o in_o every_o perfect_a organ_n there_o be_v some_o certain_a particle_n to_o which_o as_o to_o the_o chief_a cause_n the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v so_o in_o the_o liver_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d make_v sanguification_n in_o the_o eye_n hear_v the_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v the_o crystalline_a humour_n cause_v sight_n in_o the_o muscle_n flesh_n effect_v motion_n and_o the_o mamillary_a process_n do_v make_v the_o smell_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o this_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o a_o similar_v part_n therefore_o no_o such_o action_n be_v due_a to_o it_o now_o that_o it_o be_v no_o part_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v every_o similar_v part_n be_v
in_o sapour_n or_o taste_n humidity_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o two_o contrary_n shall_v be_v predominant_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n than_o which_o what_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a we_o must_v say_v therefore_o that_o these_o quality_n be_v in_o mix_v body_n not_o actual_o but_o potential_o and_o that_o they_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n as_o out_o of_o their_o matter_n so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v potentialli_n odour_n what_o it_o be_v say_v that_o siccity_n have_v the_o predominance_n in_o odour_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o odour_n which_o exhale_v into_o act_n out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n and_o so_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o contrariety_n in_o that_o we_o affirm_v neither_o let_v any_o man_n think_v it_o absurd_a that_o we_o say_v two_o contrary_n may_v be_v potential_o in_o the_o same_o subject_n for_o water_n that_o be_v tepid_v or_o warm_a that_o be_v in_o a_o middle_a temper_n betwixt_o cold_a and_o hot_a be_v potential_o both_o cold_a and_o hot_a at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n for_o it_o have_v a_o equal_a disposition_n to_o they_o both_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o potential_a contrariety_n breed_v no_o strife_n in_o a_o real_a subject_n qvest._n xlix_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n although_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o odour_n do_v consist_v in_o siccity_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v at_o odour_n he_o be_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o odour_n any_o time_n without_o humidity_n yea_o it_o be_v generate_v out_o of_o humidity_n elevate_v or_o raise_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o heat_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o odour_n unless_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o heat_n do_v boil_v raise_v up_o and_o attenuate_v the_o humidity_n and_o this_o all_o herbalist_n acknowledge_v for_o a_o rule_n to_o wit_n that_o all_o thing_n that_o smell_v strong_o be_v hot_a so_o that_o from_o the_o vehemency_n or_o remissness_n of_o the_o odour_n they_o do_v in_o herb_n distinguish_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n so_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 12_o problem_n of_o the_o 12_o galan_n a_o rule_n for_o herbaliste_n galan_n section_n strong_a and_o â—anke-smelling_a seed_n be_v hot_a because_o the_o odour_n proceed_v from_o heat_n the_o like_a also_o galen_n affirm_v in_o the_o 22._o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr simplicium_fw-la medicamentorum_fw-la facultatibus_fw-la experience_n also_o manife_v the_o same_o for_o perfume_n be_v more_o fragrant_a when_o they_o be_v hot_a sweet_a thing_n smell_v most_o when_o they_o be_v hot_a hot_a then_o when_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o in_o hot_a season_n yield_v a_o sweet_a smell_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o moisture_n be_v better_a boil_v away_o and_o that_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o odour_n raise_v up_o in_o the_o abundance_n of_o exhalation_n which_o can_v be_v loosen_v and_o free_v from_o the_o bond_n of_o the_o matter_n wherein_o they_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o heat_n for_o cold_a do_v bind_v and_o shut_v they_o up_o neither_o suffer_v they_o to_o issue_n out_o of_o their_o substance_n nor_o give_v they_o way_n to_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n plutarch_n in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n frost_n why_o hound_n can_v hunt_v in_o frost_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr causis_fw-la naturalibus_fw-la assoyl_v the_o question_n why_o in_o a_o frosty_a morning_n hound_n can_v hunt_v so_o true_o as_o in_o open_a weather_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v if_o the_o odour_n be_v not_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n what_o need_n have_v it_o of_o moisture_n and_o heat_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o whereof_o we_o objection_n objection_n be_v admonish_v before_o that_o odour_n in_o mix_a body_n be_v only_o potential_o &_o can_v solution_n solution_n be_v produce_v into_o a_o act_n unless_o they_o issue_n out_o of_o they_o wherefore_o be_v a_o accident_n it_o can_v issue_n out_o of_o his_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v potential_o unless_o some_o other_o subject_n do_v accompany_v it_o for_o say_v the_o philosopher_n the_o be_v of_o a_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v in_o for_o out_o of_o their_o subject_n they_o be_v nothing_o this_o subject_n therefore_o which_o produce_v the_o odour_n into_o act_n be_v a_o exhalation_n a_o exhalation_n can_v be_v raise_v but_o by_o heat_n out_o of_o moisture_n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v necessary_a in_o the_o production_n of_o odour_n necessary_a i_o say_v not_o pierce_v as_o they_o be_v odour_n but_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la because_o they_o can_v actual_o exist_v without_o a_o exhalation_n they_o urge_v further_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v of_o and_o by_o itself_o nothing_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n objection_n objection_n thereof_o for_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o be_v non_fw-la ens_fw-la or_o without_o be_v again_o a_o substance_n pierce_v or_o by_o itself_o can_v be_v know_v and_o therefore_o say_v they_o we_o take_v away_o even_o out_o of_o the_o universal_a nature_n all_o science_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v be_v either_o a_o substance_n solution_n solution_n or_o a_o accident_n three_o thing_n there_o be_v none_o indeed_o we_o grant_v that_o of_o a_o odour_n consider_v by_o itself_o and_o separated_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n for_o so_o consider_v it_o be_v nothing_o neither_o substance_n no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o accident_n without_o the_o substance_n do_v it_o fall_v under_o sense_n but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o exhalation_n it_o move_v the_o sense_n and_o also_o fall_v under_o science_n or_o knowledge_n in_o like_a manner_n accident_n separate_v from_o their_o substance_n and_o substance_n separate_v from_o the_o accident_n do_v not_o fall_v under_o science_n but_o each_o by_o other_o be_v mutual_o know_v and_o demonstrate_v qvest._n l._n conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v not_o smell_v some_o peripatician_n say_v placentinus_n may_v object_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o odour_n have_v actual_a existence_n only_o in_o exhalation_n so_o that_o without_o it_o it_o can_v move_v the_o sense_n then_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o peripatetik_n a_o objection_n of_o the_o peripatetik_n water_n where_o there_o be_v no_o exhalation_n to_o be_v find_v for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fumid_a exhalation_n make_v in_o water_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o soon_o as_o air_n be_v engender_v in_o water_n it_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o it_o in_o a_o bubble_n we_o may_v answer_v that_o the_o fish_n do_v not_o live_v in_o the_o pure_a and_o neat_a element_n of_o water_n but_o in_o a_o water_n compound_v of_o four_o element_n water_n consist_v of_o four_o element_n element_n be_v therefore_o compound_v there_o be_v some_o fire_n in_o it_o fire_v always_o woork_v that_o work_n consume_v moisture_n and_o such_o consumption_n be_v absolve_v by_o exhalation_n or_o elevation_n into_o vapour_n see_v therefore_o that_o in_o water_n there_o may_v be_v find_v such_o evaporation_n it_o may_v be_v haply_o imagine_v that_o by_o it_o the_o fish_n do_v apprehend_v odour_n but_o say_v my_o author_n it_o may_v be_v this_o thread_n be_v too_o hard_o twist_v or_o too_o fine_o spin_v because_o first_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o fish_n smell_v be_v wonderful_a dull_a because_o of_o the_o predominance_n of_o moisture_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o water_n again_o i_o doubt_v it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o join_v fire_n and_o water_n two_o contrary_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o contrariety_n and_o sure_o this_o blame_n we_o shall_v worthy_o deserve_v if_o we_o shall_v make_v the_o fire_n &_o water_n equal_a in_o their_o degree_n but_o we_o give_v the_o pre-eminence_n unto_o the_o water_n and_o say_v that_o the_o fire_n as_o also_o the_o other_o element_n do_v put_v their_o quality_n under_o his_o girdle_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o water_n the_o fire_n be_v remit_v not_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v extinguish_v or_o quench_v out_o by_o the_o water_n but_o they_o be_v remit_v or_o abate_v for_o fire_n work_v perpetual_o wheresoever_o it_o be_v and_o raise_v vapour_n although_o they_o be_v never_o so_o small_a for_o this_o action_n necessary_o follow_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o fire_n so_o that_o if_o you_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n you_o take_v away_o his_o whole_a substance_n some_o philosopher_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o four_o element_n be_v only_o potentiallie_o in_o compound_a body_n and_o therefore_o have_v only_o potential_a virtue_n so_o that_o fire_n which_o be_v objection_n objection_n only_o potential_o in_o water_n can_v actual_o work_v upon_o it_o but_o we_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o
of_o nature_n by_o no_o mean_n for_o if_o you_o deceive_v a_o child_n with_o a_o suckle_a bottle_n or_o any_o such_o thing_n like_o the_o nipple_n of_o the_o mother_n breast_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o taste_v that_o which_o be_v therein_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o aliment_n which_o he_o natural_o desire_v he_o will_v present_o cry_v and_o not_o be_v appease_v till_o he_o have_v his_o mother_n breast_n again_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n and_o some_o difficulty_n coincident_a with_o they_o now_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o difference_n qvest._n li._n of_o the_o difference_n of_o odour_n to_o distinguish_v the_o particular_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o odour_n &_o to_o give_v their_o proper_a name_n be_v altogether_o impossible_a partly_o because_o the_o sense_n be_v but_o dull_a and_o partly_o because_o of_o our_o own_o ignorance_n which_o the_o best_a philosopher_n have_v nice_a difference_n of_o odour_n very_o nice_a not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o confess_v wherefore_o those_o that_o have_v write_v of_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n consider_v how_o imperfect_a our_o sense_n be_v to_o make_v fit_a distinction_n of_o this_o object_n see_v we_o can_v smell_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o do_v vehement_o goad_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n they_o have_v think_v good_a to_o distinguish_v the_o kind_n of_o odour_n improper_o and_o by_o way_n of_o translation_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n and_o taste_n neither_o have_v they_o do_v this_o without_o good_a ground_n for_o between_o sapour_n and_o savour_n as_o in_o the_o name_n so_o in_o the_o nature_n there_o be_v a_o great_a affinity_n analogy_n and_o proportion_n insomuch_o that_o the_o odour_n or_o savour_n depend_v upon_o the_o sapour_fw-la or_o taste_n so_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la there_o taste_v therefore_o refer_v to_o taste_v be_v no_o bode_n odoriferous_a which_o have_v not_o also_o a_o strong_a taste_n define_v that_o to_o be_v odoriferous_a or_o able_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v which_o have_v in_o it_o power_n to_o diffuse_v a_o sapide_a siccity_n &_o a_o while_n after_o he_o say_v if_o therefore_o any_o man_n shall_v esteem_v both_o to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n moist_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o odour_n will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o sapide_a siccity_n recide_v in_o moisture_n the_o kind_n therefore_o of_o odour_n which_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n be_v these_o bite_a sweet_a sour_a tart_a and_o fat._n as_o for_o rot_a smell_n these_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v odour_n the_o kind_n of_o odour_n be_v proportionable_a with_o bitter_a taste_n because_o as_o bitter_a thing_n be_v hardly_o swallow_v so_o rot_v or_o stink_a smell_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o sense_n without_o a_o kind_n of_o regret_n and_o loathe_n there_o be_v two_o other_o difference_n of_o odour_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o bruit_n beast_n and_o by_o accident_n do_v move_v pleasure_n or_o pain_n as_o those_o odour_n which_o together_o with_o the_o steam_n do_v arise_v from_o meat_n which_o be_v pleasant_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hungry_a and_o unplesant_a and_o offensive_a to_o such_o as_o be_v satisfy_v the_o other_o kind_n be_v of_o itself_o pleasant_a or_o unpleasant_a as_o the_o smell_n that_o breathe_v from_o flower_n and_o this_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n alone_o for_o they_o do_v not_o provoke_v the_o appetite_n more_o or_o less_o but_o rather_o by_o another_o kind_n of_o satisfaction_n do_v dull_a and_o appease_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v that_o all_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o odour_n for_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o he_o feel_v a_o salt_n smell_v final_o odour_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a natural_a odour_n be_v those_o which_o be_v natural_o in_o the_o body_n artificial_a be_v such_o as_o apothecary_n use_v to_o make_v for_o pleasure_n or_o for_o physic_n of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o many_o spice_n and_o these_o we_o call_v compound_v odour_n the_o other_o simple_a qvest._n lii_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o smell_a it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v call_v into_o question_n whether_o the_o smell_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o no._n all_o man_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o a_o medium_fw-la be_v require_v partly_o opinion_n the_o philosopher_n opinion_n subscribe_v to_o that_o axiom_n so_o often_o before_o itterate_v by_o us._n that_o the_o object_n immediate_o touch_v the_o instrument_n make_v no_o sensation_n partly_o because_o in_o the_o 97j_fw-la text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la aristotle_n speak_v particular_o of_o the_o smell_n have_v assign_v thereto_o a_o determinate_a medium_fw-la or_o mean_a for_o in_o that_o place_n he_o do_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o doubt_n whether_o this_o sense_n be_v make_v by_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o withal_o he_o declare_v by_o what_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v absolve_v and_o perfect_v with_o he_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n we_o also_o consent_v for_o odour_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n with_o which_o exhalation_n the_o odour_n exhale_v out_o of_o the_o body_n that_o vapour_n can_v accompany_v the_o odour_n unto_o the_o smell_a confirm_a what_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a organ_n especial_o where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a betwixt_o the_o body_n out_o of_o which_o the_o odour_n issue_v and_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o it_o must_v be_v dissipate_v unless_o it_o be_v preserve_v by_o some_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o that_o medâ—um_fw-la do_v not_o so_o preserve_v it_o but_o by_o degree_n it_o be_v dissipate_v and_o vanish_v away_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la shall_v be_v that_o say_v plancentinus_n i_o be_o not_o resolve_v of_o although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o all_o philosopher_n with_o one_o consent_n do_v agree_v herein_o with_o aristotle_n who_o say_v this_o medium_fw-la be_v double_a to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n it_o be_v without_o controversy_n the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a because_o when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n we_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o smell_v &_o beside_o the_o odour_n that_o exhale_v approve_v the_o air_n approve_v out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n be_v not_o diffuse_v into_o all_o dimension_n but_o only_o that_o way_n which_o the_o air_n be_v diffuse_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o the_o air_n be_v both_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o vehickle_a of_o smell_v concern_v the_o water_n placentinus_n make_v some_o doubt_n although_o arist._n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la &_o especial_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la do_v strive_v earnest_o to_o prove_v that_o to_o fish_n the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a medium_fw-la of_o smell_a his_o foundation_n be_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la wherein_o the_o object_n shall_v be_v transport_v that_o medium_fw-la it_o the_o water_n question_v aristotle_n for_o it_o can_v be_v air_n for_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v generate_v in_o water_n do_v exhale_v or_o bubble_v up_o as_o the_o same_o arist._n teach_v in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n et_fw-fr sensil_n from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o for_o fish_n the_o water_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o true_o the_o consequence_n be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o good_a if_o the_o foundation_n and_o ground_n where-upon_a he_o raise_v it_o be_v true_a but_o we_o have_v call_v that_o into_o question_n before_o now_o i_o will_v add_v only_o one_o argument_n and_o that_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n all_o odom_n have_v his_o it_o placentinus_n against_o it_o existence_n in_o siccity_n &_o therefore_o require_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v dry_a lest_o the_o object_n shall_v loose_v his_o odour_n for_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la to_o conserve_v the_o object_n but_o water_n be_v moist_a be_v no_o way_n fit_a to_o conserve_v the_o dry_a odour_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o contrariety_n betwixt_o they_o unless_o a_o man_n will_v be_v so_o debase_v as_o to_o say_v that_o one_o contrary_a can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la unto_o the_o other_o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v affirm_v that_o contrary_n do_v not_o mutual_o impugn_v but_o cherish_v and_o foster_v one_o another_o see_v therefore_o water_n which_o be_v moist_a must_v needs_o extinguish_v or_o dissolve_v the_o odour_n which_o
diwlsion_n sense_n sense_n appetite_n be_v call_v animal_n and_o yet_o the_o motion_n whereby_o the_o greedy_a stomach_n sometime_o snatch_v unchewed_a meat_n even_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n be_v natural_a so_o the_o erection_n of_o this_o member_n because_o it_o be_v with_o sense_n and_o imagination_n be_v say_v to_o be_v animal_n but_o the_o local_a motion_n whereby_o it_o be_v mathematical_o enlarge_v be_v natural_a arise_v from_o the_o inbred_a faculty_n of_o the_o ligament_n such_o be_v also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o womb_n when_o it_o draw_v seed_n and_o of_o the_o heart_n when_o it_o draw_v into_o itself_o air_n and_o blood_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o this_o natural_a motion_n be_v holpen_v by_o the_o animal_n because_o the_o four_o muscle_n before_o mention_v though_o they_o be_v very_o small_a yet_o they_o help_v to_o enlarge_v the_o distension_n and_o do_v also_o for_o a_o time_n keep_v it_o so_o distend_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o in_o the_o run_n of_o the_o rein_v call_v the_o venereal_a gonorrhaea_n there_o objection_n objection_n be_v erection_n without_o imagination_n or_o pleasure_n yea_o with_o pain_n i_o answer_v with_o galen_n that_o there_o be_v a_o twofould_a erection_n one_o according_a to_o nature_n another_o unnatural_a the_o first_o be_v from_o solution_n solution_n the_o ingenit_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o hollow_a ligament_n the_o other_o be_v symptomatical_a the_o first_o with_o pleasure_n the_o other_o without_o it_o yea_o with_o pain_n in_o the_o first_o the_o yard_n be_v first_o distend_v and_o after_o fill_v with_o a_o vaporous_a spirit_n in_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v first_o fill_v then_o after_o distend_v in_o a_o word_n comparison_n comparison_n there_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o distention_n which_o be_v between_o the_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v accomplish_v by_o the_o vital_a faculty_n because_o the_o heart_n be_v dilate_v it_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n and_o blood_n and_o because_o it_o be_v contract_v it_o be_v empty_v but_o in_o the_o deprave_a palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o heart_n be_v distend_v because_o it_o be_v fill_v so_o smith_n bellows_n because_o they_o be_v dilate_v be_v present_o fill_v with_o air_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o vacuity_n but_o bottle_n be_v distend_v because_o they_o be_v fill_v with_o wine_n or_o water_n wherefore_o the_o natural_a erection_n ever_o follow_v imagination_n and_o have_v pleasure_n accompany_v it_o but_o the_o unnatural_a which_o galen_n call_v priapismus_n be_v altogether_o without_o priapismus_fw-la priapismus_fw-la lust_n or_o appetite_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v a_o plenitude_n of_o thick_a &_o crass_a wind_n prove_v because_o the_o motion_n be_v so_o sudden_a and_o so_o violent_a for_o all_o violent_a and_o sudden_a motion_n be_v of_o wind_n not_o of_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o humour_n as_o galen_n say_v and_o this_o wind_n or_o vapour_n be_v generate_v either_o in_o the_o hollow_a nerve_n and_o ligament_n or_o be_v thither_o bring_v by_o the_o open_a passage_n of_o the_o artery_n but_o of_o what_o sure_o of_o crass_a and_o thick_a humour_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o melancholy_a man_n be_v most_o trouble_v with_o this_o unnatural_a erection_n as_o also_o be_v leper_n and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_n call_v the_o why_o melancholy_a man_n subject_a to_o it_o and_o why_o leprosy_n satyriasis_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o man_n now_o it_o follow_v concern_v those_o of_o woman_n qvest._n viii_o how_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o man_n and_o woman_n do_v differ_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o woman_n it_o be_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a question_n situation_n whether_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o man_n and_o woman_n do_v only_o differ_v in_o situation_n whether_o they_o differ_v only_o in_o situation_n from_o those_o of_o man_n for_o the_o ancient_n have_v think_v that_o a_o woman_n may_v become_v a_o man_n but_o not_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n a_o man_n become_v a_o woman_n for_o they_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o women_o hide_v because_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o natural_a heat_n be_v weak_a than_o in_o man_n in_o who_o it_o thrust_v those_o part_n outward_a woman_n have_v spermaticall_a vessel_n aswell_o prepare_v as_o lead_v vessel_n and_o it_o reason_n for_o it_o testicle_n which_o boil_v the_o blood_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o yard_n also_o which_o they_o say_v be_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o womb_n if_o it_o be_v invert_v final_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o womb_n distinguish_v by_o the_o middle_a line_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o cod_n or_o scrotum_fw-la this_o galen_n often_o urge_v in_o diverse_a of_o his_o work_n as_o before_o be_v say_v so_o aegineta_n avicen_n rhasis_n and_o all_o of_o the_o greek_a and_o arabian_a family_n author_n author_n with_o who_o all_o anatomist_n do_v consent_n for_o confirmation_n also_o hereof_o there_o be_v many_o story_n current_a among_o ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n of_o many_o woman_n turn_v into_o man_n some_o of_o which_o we_o will_v not_o here_o think_v much_o to_o remember_v first_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o at_o rome_n when_o licinius_n crassus_n and_o cassius_n longinus_n be_v consul_n the_o servant_n of_o one_o cassinus_fw-la maid-servant_n example_n cassinus_fw-la maid-servant_n of_o a_o maid_n become_v a_o young_a man_n and_o be_v thereupon_o lead_v aside_o into_o the_o desert_n island_n of_o the_o soothsayer_n mutianus_n licinius_n report_v that_o at_o argos_n in_o greece_n he_o see_v a_o maid_n name_v arescusa_n who_o after_o she_o be_v marry_v become_v a_o man_n and_o have_v a_o beard_n and_o after_o marry_v arescusa_n arescusa_n another_o woman_n by_o who_o she_o have_v issue_n pliny_n also_o write_v that_o he_o see_v in_o africa_n p._n cossitius_fw-la a_o citizen_n of_o tisdetra_n who_o of_o a_o woman_n the_o day_n before_o become_v a_o man_n the_o next_o day_n the_o hyaena_fw-la also_o asleep_o cruel_a and_o subtle_a beast_n hyaena_fw-la cossitius_fw-la the_o hyaena_fw-la do_v every_o other_o year_n change_v her_o sex_n of_o who_o ovid_n in_o the_o xv_o of_o his_o metamorphosis_n say_v et_fw-la quae_fw-la modo_fw-la foemina_fw-la tergo_fw-la passa_fw-la marem_fw-la nunc_fw-la esse_fw-la marem_fw-la miramur_fw-la hyaenam_fw-la the_o same_o hyaena_fw-la which_o we_o see_v admit_v the_o male_a before_o to_o cover_v now_o her_o female_a mate_n we_o can_v but_o wonder_v sore_a pontanus_n have_v the_o same_o of_o iphis_n in_o a_o elegant_a verse_n iphis._n iphis._n vota_fw-la pver_fw-la soluit_fw-la quae_fw-la foemina_fw-la voverat_fw-la iphis._n iphis_n her_o vow_n benempt_v a_o maid_n but_o turn_v boy_n her_o vow_n she_o pay_v of_o late_a time_n volateran_n a_o cardinal_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o sixth_o he_o auscis_fw-la a_o story_n of_o volateran_n the_o cardinal_n another_o in_o auscis_fw-la see_v at_o rome_n a_o virgin_n who_o on_o the_o day_n of_o her_o marriage_n have_v sudden_o a_o virile_a member_n grow_v out_o of_o her_o body_n we_o read_v also_o that_o there_o be_v at_o auscis_fw-la in_o vasconia_n a_o man_n of_o above_o sixty_o year_n of_o age_n grey_a strong_a and_o hairy_a who_o have_v be_v before_o a_o woman_n till_o the_o age_n of_o xv_o year_n or_o till_o within_o xv_o year_n of_o threescore_o yet_o at_o length_n by_o accident_n of_o a_o fall_n the_o ligament_n say_v my_o author_n be_v break_v her_o privity_n come_v outward_a and_o she_o change_v her_o sex_n before_o which_o change_n she_o have_v never_o have_v her_o couse_n pontanus_n witness_v that_o a_o fisherman_n emilia_n a_o fisherman_n wench_n of_o caieta_n emilia_n wench_n of_o caieta_n of_o fourteen_o year_n old_a become_v sudden_o a_o young_a springal_n the_o same_o happen_v to_o emilia_n the_o wise_a of_o antony_n spensa_fw-la a_o citizen_n of_o ebula_n when_o she_o have_v be_v twelve_n year_n a_o marry_a woman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o k._n of_o naples_n carlota_n and_o francisca_n the_o daughter_n of_o ludovike_a phaetusa_n carlota_n and_o francisca_n amatus_fw-la lusitinus_n his_o story_n hypocrates_n his_o phaetusa_n quarna_n of_o salernum_n when_o they_o be_v 15._o year_n old_a change_v their_o sex_n amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n testify_v in_o his_o century_n that_o he_o see_v the_o same_o at_o conibrica_n a_o famous_a town_n of_o portugal_n there_o stand_v upon_o record_n in_o the_o eight_o section_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o hypocrates_n his_o epidemia_n a_o elegant_a history_n of_o one_o phaetusa_n who_o when_o her_o husband_n be_v banish_v be_v so_o overgrow_v with_o sorrow_n that_o before_o her_o time_n her_o course_n utter_o stop_v and_o her_o body_n become_v manlike_a &_o hairy_a all_o over_o and_o she_o have_v a_o beard_n and_o her_o voice_n grow_v strong_a the_o same_o also_o
evacuate_v be_v not_o yet_o so_o evident_a auerrhoe_n contend_v that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o womb_n be_v not_o always_o necessaray_v and_o that_o a_o woman_n may_v conceive_v without_o the_o embracement_n of_o a_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o tell_v a_o tale_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o conceive_v the_o seed_n of_o a_o man_n float_v in_o the_o water_n of_o a_o bath_n so_o strong_a say_v he_o be_v the_o attractive_a faculty_n of_o the_o womb_n in_o draw_v of_o seed_n but_o it_o be_v great_a wonder_n that_o a_o philosopher_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a to_o believe_v the_o excuse_n of_o a_o light-skirt_n who_o to_o save_v her_o honesty_n devise_v this_o excuse_n by_o look_v upon_o skirt_n how_o fine_o he_o be_v gull_v by_o a_o light_a skirt_n her_o apron_n string_n for_o say_v he_o a_o neighbour_n of_o i_o tell_v i_o this_o tale_n of_o herself_o the_o woman_n i_o can_v but_o commend_v for_o her_o wit_n though_o not_o for_o her_o honesty_n but_o auerrhoe_n have_v forget_v what_o his_o master_n aristotle_n teach_v he_o in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la disprove_v auerrhoe_n disprove_v seed_n say_v he_o be_v altogether_o airy_a frothy_a and_o if_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o present_o melt_v grow_v waterish_a and_o become_v unfruitful_a in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n also_o of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la he_o write_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o have_v long_a yard_n or_o reason_n first_o reason_n virile_a member_n be_v therefore_o unfruitful_a because_o in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o way_n the_o seed_n be_v refrigerated_a if_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v refrigerated_a in_o his_o first_o and_o natural_a conceptacle_n much_o more_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n or_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n those_o which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o common_a passage_n of_o seed_n and_o urine_n be_v turn_v reason_n second_o reason_n aside_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o yard_n be_v too_o hard_o rein_v with_o the_o bridle_n can_v generate_v not_o because_o they_o have_v not_o fruitful_a seed_n but_o because_o hang_v a_o little_a in_o the_o contortion_n of_o the_o yard_n it_o can_v immediate_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o womb_n whilst_o it_o retain_v his_o heat_n and_o spirit_n as_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o 3._o chapter_n of_o his_o 15._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la do_v not_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la multerum_fw-la affirm_v that_o to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o reason_n three_o reason_n sterility_n and_o barrenness_n in_o woman_n when_o the_o womb_n be_v pervert_v or_o distort_v because_o then_o the_o seed_n can_v direct_o pass_v without_o delay_n unto_o the_o inner_a orifice_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a o_o auerrhoe_n that_o there_o be_v a_o direct_a and_o impetuous_a or_o forcible_a ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o man_n into_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o woman_n furthermore_o because_o in_o brute_n first_o why_o beast_n conceive_v at_o the_o first_o beast_n which_o cover_v one_o the_o other_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o womb_n be_v more_o direct_a it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o once_o cover_v for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o hold_v as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o so_o betwixt_o reasonable_a creature_n again_o beast_n be_v quiet_a in_o that_o action_n be_v so_o teach_v by_o nature_n for_o motion_n often_o prevent_v conception_n now_o if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n both_o sex_n yield_v their_o seed_n then_o be_v the_o conception_n soon_o and_o also_o more_o perfect_a because_o the_o womb_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o it_o be_v enrage_v do_v more_o greedy_o draw_v and_o more_o narrow_o embrace_v the_o seed_n which_o be_v cast_v unto_o it_o this_o hypocrates_n acknowledge_v in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la in_o these_o word_n if_o that_o which_o proceed_v once_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o both_o seed_n shall_v be_v at_o once_o from_o the_o man_n do_v together_o and_o in_o a_o right_a line_n concur_v and_o meet_v with_o that_o which_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o woman_n then_o do_v the_o woman_n soon_o conceive_v he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o watermen_n who_o together_o do_v rise_v upon_o their_o rower_n together_o dip_v they_o in_o the_o water_n and_o together_o drive_v their_o stroke_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o they_o soon_o conceive_v it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n unto_o generation_n that_o both_o sex_n shall_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n yield_v their_o seed_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v conception_n though_o it_o be_v slow_a if_o one_o come_v a_o little_a before_o or_o after_o another_o but_o if_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n be_v too_o great_a between_o they_o then_o the_o conception_n succeed_v not_o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o first_o seed_n be_v exhaust_v and_o dissipate_v the_o same_o thing_n have_v aristotle_n in_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la upon_o which_o scaliger_n have_v write_v a_o excellent_a commentary_n as_o that_o mirror_n of_o learning_n do_v all_o thing_n authority_n prove_v by_o aristotle_n authority_n excellent_o there_o be_v say_v he_o that_o think_v there_o can_v be_v no_o conception_n unless_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n meet_v one_o with_o another_o these_o be_v deceive_v because_o the_o better_o habit_v body_n soon_o yield_v wherefore_o that_o seed_n be_v the_o strong_a be_v not_o corrupt_v but_o retain_v his_o spirit_n and_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o womb_n be_v retain_v for_o the_o future_a permixtion_n so_o that_o to_o conception_n simple_o this_o concurrence_n of_o seed_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n be_v not_o absolute_o but_o to_o a_o soon_o conception_n it_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v also_o demand_v whether_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n on_o the_o man_n part_n opinion_n whither_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n dinus_n opinion_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o on_o the_o woman_n for_o you_o shall_v hear_v many_o say_v that_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n or_o inkling_n of_o pleasure_n at_o all_o dinus_n be_v of_o this_o mind_n that_o conception_n be_v not_o always_o with_o pleasure_n on_o the_o woman_n part_n but_o dina_n be_v a_o better_a judge_n of_o this_o controversy_n let_v we_o hear_v his_o reason_n because_o sometime_o say_v he_o the_o seed_n be_v immediate_o ejaculate_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o womb_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dull_a sense_n never_o touch_v the_o orifice_n who_o sense_n be_v confute_v confute_v more_o exquisite_a a_o pretty_a shift_n i_o promise_v you_o but_o the_o good_a man_n be_v in_o a_o error_n for_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therefore_o conceive_v because_o the_o seed_n touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o it_o run_v through_o the_o spermaticall_a vessel_n of_o the_o woman_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n otherwise_o woman_n with_o child_n who_o eiaculate_a their_o seed_n not_o into_o the_o inward_a orifice_n but_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o womb_n shall_v have_v no_o pleasure_n in_o such_o ejaculation_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v great_a pleasure_n after_o they_o be_v with_o child_n then_o before_o because_o their_o seed_n pass_v a_o long_a course_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o discourse_n of_o superfoetation_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr principijs_fw-la assoil_v this_o question_n for_o after_o he_o have_v give_v we_o hypocrates_n the_o question_n assâ—yled_v by_o hypocrates_n some_o sign_n of_o conception_n he_o say_v that_o these_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o all_o woman_n but_o unto_o those_o only_a who_o body_n be_v pure_a and_o clean_a but_o where_o the_o body_n be_v gross_a full_a of_o mucous_a and_o impure_a humour_n there_o be_v no_o such_o sign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o impure_a mucous_a and_o moist_a woman_n may_v conceyve_v without_o pleasure_n or_o any_o sense_n of_o titillation_n at_o all_o final_o some_o doubt_n whether_o the_o permixtion_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v requisite_a to_o conception_n answer_v whether_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n be_v mingle_v objection_n answer_v because_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o species_n or_o kind_n be_v mix_v again_o if_o they_o be_v mix_v then_o shall_v essenty_n be_v intend_v and_o remit_v which_o in_o philosophy_n be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n because_o every_o essence_n be_v impartible_a likewise_o of_o two_o being_n by_o themselves_o one_o be_v by_o itself_o can_v be_v make_v but_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o actual_o animate_v they_o do_v not_o
that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o inoculation_n in_o the_o womb_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o there_o be_v of_o the_o rough_a artery_n after_o the_o infant_n be_v bear_v now_o all_o man_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o rough_a artery_n be_v ordain_v for_o the_o transvection_n or_o transportation_n of_o the_o external_a and_o ambient_fw-la aer_fw-la to_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o infant_n which_o prepare_v it_o for_o the_o heart_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o aer_fw-la so_o alter_v wherefore_o the_o true_a use_n and_o office_n of_o the_o inculation_n which_o only_o have_v use_v whilst_o the_o infant_n be_v in_o the_o womb_n be_v the_o transvection_n or_o transportation_n of_o aer_fw-la but_o that_o internal_a come_n out_o of_o the_o mother_n womb_n through_o the_o chorion_n and_o the_o umbilicall_a vessel_n to_o the_o same_o lung_n of_o the_o infant_n which_o be_v to_o prepare_v it_o for_o his_o heart_n the_o last_o limit_n be_v the_o eleaventh_o month_n the_o time_n between_o be_v the_o nine_o and_o the_o ten_o time_n the_o 11._o month_n the_o last_o time_n this_o be_v rossets_n opinion_n wherein_o he_o labour_v to_o establish_v that_o both_o the_o anastomosis_n or_o inoculation_n be_v appoint_v only_o to_o lead_v air_n to_o the_o lung_n and_o that_o by_o they_o the_o infant_n do_v respire_v and_o the_o lung_n be_v move_v for_o the_o new_a generation_n of_o vital_a spirit_n but_o our_o disprove_v rossets_n opinion_n disprove_v opinion_n be_v that_o the_o infant_n do_v not_o at_o all_o respire_v but_o transpire_v only_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o next_o question_n neither_o yet_o do_v we_o think_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v have_v be_v make_v so_o notable_a inoculation_n if_o only_o the_o conveyance_n of_o air_n to_o the_o lung_n have_v be_v necessary_a for_o see_v in_o perfect_a creature_n and_o those_o that_o have_v most_o use_n and_o strength_n of_o voice_n there_o be_v but_o one_o weazon_n or_o rough_a artery_n ordain_v why_o shall_v not_o one_o inoculation_n have_v serve_v in_o the_o infant_n while_o yet_o he_o make_v no_o use_n of_o his_o lung_n for_o voice_n it_o have_v be_v more_o probable_a if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o one_o of_o the_o inoculation_n be_v make_v to_o lead_v air_n the_o other_o to_o lead_v blood_n moreover_o if_o only_a air_n be_v lead_v by_o these_o inoculation_n to_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o lung_n why_o do_v there_o appear_v in_o the_o venal_a artery_n so_o red_a blood_n and_o in_o the_o arterial_a vein_n arterial_a blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n with_o what_o blood_n shall_v the_o red_a and_o thick_a lung_n of_o the_o infant_n be_v nourish_v in_o a_o tender_a infant_n that_o transpiration_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o artery_n &_o other_o blind_a passage_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o conservation_n and_o refection_n of_o his_o weak_a heat_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o inoculation_n be_v original_o make_v to_o generate_v and_o nourish_v the_o lung_n because_o whereas_o the_o lung_n of_o a_o infant_n before_o birth_n do_v differ_v from_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n his_o lung_n after_o birth_n in_o colour_n thickness_n and_o fastnes_n of_o flesh_n they_o need_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o blood_n for_o their_o generation_n and_o nourishment_n before_o then_o they_o do_v after_o and_o thus_o we_o be_v come_v to_o a_o end_n of_o that_o admirable_a work_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o inoculation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o infant_n heart_n qvest._n xxvi_o whether_o the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n do_v respire_v and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o lung_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o respiration_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o fit_a place_n to_o dispute_v in_o the_o next_o book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o lung_n in_o this_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a be_v what_o respiration_n be_v to_o give_v you_o galens_n description_n thereof_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr salubri_fw-la diaeta_fw-la where_o he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o respiration_n be_v when_o the_o breath_n be_v draw_v in_o and_o let_v out_o by_o the_o mouth_n so_o that_o in_o respiration_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o chest_n shall_v be_v contract_v and_o again_o dilate_v and_o the_o lung_n move_v thereafter_o if_o therefore_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o in_o the_o infant_n the_o chest_n be_v not_o contract_v or_o dilate_a nor_o the_o lung_n move_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o he_o do_v not_o respire_v but_o transpire_v only_o the_o vital_a faculty_n in_o bloody_a and_o hot_a creature_n stand_v need_v of_o two_o thing_n for_o the_o conservation_n thereof_o respiration_n and_o pulsation_n but_o those_o creature_n which_o be_v without_o blood_n womb_n that_o the_o infant_n do_v transpire_v only_a not_o respire_v in_o the_o womb_n and_o imperfect_a which_o have_v little_a heat_n do_v live_v content_v only_o with_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o transpiration_n so_o those_o we_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o which_o live_v in_o hole_n all_o winter_n do_v transpire_v but_o respire_v not_o so_o likewise_o hysterical_a woman_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o fit_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o heat_n of_o who_o heart_n be_v languid_a and_o weak_a be_v dissolve_v by_o a_o venomous_a breath_n of_o corrupt_a seed_n do_v live_v a_o time_n without_o respiration_n and_o many_o have_v be_v bury_v for_o dead_a when_o they_o be_v yet_o alive_a the_o infant_n because_o he_o have_v but_o a_o weak_a heat_n and_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n before_o the_o day_n of_o his_o birth_n as_o it_o be_v a_o imperfect_a creature_n be_v content_v only_o with_o transpiration_n and_o therefore_o he_o draw_v not_o his_o breath_n by_o his_o mouth_n neither_o use_v he_o the_o help_n of_o his_o chest_n or_o lung_n moreover_o respiration_n be_v only_o ordain_v for_o the_o behoof_n thereof_o that_o the_o spirituous_a substance_n which_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o glow_a hot_a leave_v ventricle_n thereof_o the_o may_v with_o the_o air_n be_v cool_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o fan_n and_o beside_o purge_v and_o refresh_v but_o there_o be_v no_o generation_n of_o vital_a spirit_n in_o the_o infant_n as_o by_o and_o by_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o respiration_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n fail_v which_o move_v all_o the_o rest_n nature_n be_v too_o wise_a to_o undertake_v any_o labour_n the_o infant_n therefore_o do_v not_o respire_v because_o he_o respire_v the_o infant_n neither_o aught_o nor_o can_v respire_v ought_v not_o add_v hereto_o that_o he_o neither_o can_v respire_v for_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o compass_v about_o with_o membrane_n if_o he_o shall_v draw_v in_o breath_n at_o his_o mouth_n with_o the_o air_n he_o shall_v also_o draw_v in_o the_o water_n wherein_o he_o swim_v and_o at_o the_o first_o draught_n will_v be_v so_o suffocate_v as_o they_o that_o be_v drown_v in_o a_o river_n again_o he_o have_v no_o air_n that_o he_o may_v draw_v for_o there_o be_v no_o space_n in_o the_o womb_n that_o he_o do_v not_o fill_v and_o beside_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n be_v so_o close_o lock_v up_o that_o it_o will_v not_o admit_v a_o little_a wind_n to_o enter_v into_o it_o again_o that_o no_o air_n be_v inspirate_v by_o the_o mouth_n or_o the_o nostril_n the_o substance_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v sufficient_o declare_v for_o all_o creature_n which_o draw_v aer_fw-la at_o their_o mouth_n and_o nose_n have_v white_a and_o thin_a lung_n but_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o infant_n as_o have_v be_v often_o say_v be_v red_a and_o thick_a and_o be_v nourish_v with_o red_a and_o thick_a blood_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o vessel_n have_v single_a coat_n that_o be_v by_o vein_n wherefore_o the_o infant_n do_v not_o respire_v because_o neither_o aught_o he_o answer_v rossets_n objection_n answer_v if_o he_o can_v nor_o can_v if_o he_o ought_v rosset_n object_n that_o by_o both_o the_o inoculation_n there_o be_v plenty_n of_o aer_fw-la transport_v to_o the_o infant_n lung_n because_o it_o dilate_v and_o contract_v his_o chest_n but_o if_o that_o be_v so_o then_o shall_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o chest_n be_v move_v after_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o lung_n be_v puff_v up_o by_o the_o aer_fw-la inspirate_v shall_v enlarge_v the_o chest_n and_o again_o fall_v upon_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o aer_fw-la shall_v compress_v the_o same_o so_o the_o lung_n shall_v not_o be_v fill_v because_o the_o chest_n be_v distend_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n but_o because_o the_o lung_n be_v fill_v the_o chest_n shall_v be_v distend_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o bottle_n or_o bladder_n which_o to_o say_v be_v very_o absurd_a as_o galen_n teach_v in_o a_o thousand_o place_n for_o
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nature_n ever_o intend_v immortality_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o generation_n the_o part_n of_o generation_n the_o importunate_a quarrel_n and_o contention_n of_o contrary_n she_o can_v not_o attain_v in_o the_o individuum_fw-la or_o particular_a she_o devise_v a_o cunning_a stratagem_n to_o delude_v the_o necessity_n of_o destiny_n &_o testicle_n the_o testicle_n by_o a_o appetite_n unto_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o kind_n have_v sow_v the_o seed_n of_o eternity_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n for_o the_o accomplish_n of_o which_o propagation_n she_o have_v ordain_v convenient_a instrument_n in_o both_o fex_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n alike_o but_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o male_n be_v outward_a those_o of_o the_o female_a for_o want_v of_o natural_a heat_n to_o drive_v they_o forth_o be_v detain_v within_o the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v the_o testicle_n two_o glandulous_a body_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n which_o in_o man_n hang_v out_o of_o the_o 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because_o the_o inner_a circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a eye_n be_v invest_v with_o this_o obscute_fw-la and_o dark_a membrane_n by_o who_o shadow_n the_o crystalline_a be_v compass_v so_o that_o his_o brightness_n return_v back_o from_o the_o blackness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o membrane_n be_v unite_v better_o into_o himself_o side_n how_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o infide_v differ_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o out_o side_n and_o so_o as_o aquapendens_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v that_o light_n which_o be_v but_o weak_a or_o but_o moderate_o strong_a do_v better_a appear_v in_o the_o crystalline_a then_o that_o which_o be_v much_o strong_a as_o whereby_o the_o inbred_a light_n of_o the_o humour_n itself_o be_v overcome_v again_o we_o say_v that_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o membrane_n make_v much_o to_o the_o collection_n and_o refection_n of_o the_o spirit_n for_o when_o the_o crystalline_a be_v too_o much_o affect_v by_o a_o vehement_a light_n than_o 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scarcity_n of_o humour_n and_o make_v demonstration_n of_o his_o opinion_n by_o the_o example_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o you_o look_v upon_o a_o deep_a water_n or_o a_o thick_a air_n they_o will_v seem_v black_a and_o obscure_a but_o if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o little_a of_o either_o then_o will_v their_o colour_n appear_v bluish_a &_o bright_a this_o conceit_n of_o aristotle_n columbus_n reprehend_v but_o gratis_o for_o he_o add_v no_o reason_n against_o he_o three_o galen_n in_o art_n medicinali_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o plenty_n of_o splendour_n and_o situation_n galen_n galen_n the_o chrystaline_a and_o watery_a humour_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n the_o eye_n say_v he_o become_v skye-coloured_n either_o because_o of_o the_o plenty_n or_o splendour_n of_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o prominent_a situation_n whereto_o he_o add_v the_o paucity_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o watery_a humour_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a when_o the_o chrystaline_a be_v little_a or_o situate_v somewhat_o too_o deep_a or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o exquisite_o bright_a or_o because_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v somewhat_o more_o plentiful_a and_o yet_o not_o pure_a vesalius_n reprehend_v aristotle_n and_o galen_n in_o these_o word_n which_o indeed_o be_v but_o bare_a word_n this_o colour_n say_v he_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o plenty_n defect_n or_o tenuity_n of_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o eye_n neither_o yet_o from_o the_o collection_n or_o dilatation_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o final_o not_o from_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o tenuity_n thereof_o four_o avicen_n refer_v the_o cause_n unto_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o grapy_a coat_n which_o as_o it_o be_v diverse_o avicen_n avicen_n depaint_v so_o it_o bring_v forth_o in_o the_o eye_n diverse_a colour_n if_o it_o be_v sky-coloured_a the_o eye_n be_v also_o sky-coloured_a if_o black_a the_o eye_n be_v black_a and_o he_o do_v vesalius_n follow_v five_o auerhoes_n imagine_v that_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o eye_n proceed_v from_o cold_a and_o the_o auerhoe_n auerhoe_n blackness_n from_o heat_n the_o sixth_o opinion_n be_v that_o of_o varolius_n who_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v varolius_fw-la varolius_fw-la to_o the_o unequal_a plenty_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o of_o the_o watery_a humour_n which_o as_o it_o fall_v in_o diverse_a part_n of_o that_o place_n so_o it_o represent_v diverse_a colour_n the_o colour_n say_v he_o which_o result_v from_o the_o grapy_a membrane_n recede_v or_o give_v back_o from_o the_o horny_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v the_o rainbow_n from_o a_o certain_a appear_a variety_n he_o call_v it_o a_o appear_a variety_n because_o in_o very_a truth_n there_o be_v not_o in_o that_o place_n any_o true_a diversity_n of_o colour_n but_o only_o in_o apparition_n because_o the_o
the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n the_o sound_n may_v easy_o slip_v by_o they_o especial_o when_o it_o come_v from_o behind_o we_o and_o we_o move_v forward_o if_o it_o be_v not_o catch_v in_o these_o convolution_n â—nd_v in_o the_o guttures_fw-la of_o the_o grystly_a substance_n convey_v unto_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o by_o instinct_n of_o nature_n we_o see_v brute_n beast_n as_o dog_n and_o horse_n will_v prick_v up_o their_o ear_n and_o partly_o turn_v they_o towards_o any_o sound_n or_o noise_n that_o be_v make_v and_o because_o the_o ear_n may_v be_v thus_o prominent_a as_o well_o in_o the_o part_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o whole_a ear_n stand_v of_o a_o certain_a distance_n from_o the_o head_n nature_n have_v make_v they_o of_o a_o cartelaginious_a or_o gristly_a substance_n which_o out_o of_o doubt_n will_v grow_v far_o from_o the_o head_n if_o nurse_n or_o careful_a mother_n who_o have_v more_o respect_n of_o comeliness_n then_o of_o use_n do_v not_o bind_v they_o down_o in_o our_o infancy_n if_o you_o ask_v i_o how_o the_o sound_n of_o any_o thing_n far_o off_o can_v arrive_v unto_o the_o ear_n i_o will_v answer_v by_o a_o pregnant_a example_n on_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o stone_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o ear_n a_o fit_a similitude_n express_v how_o the_o sound_v come_v through_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o ear_n pond_n it_o move_v the_o water_n in_o circle_n one_o always_o succeed_v great_a than_o another_o until_o the_o motion_n determine_v in_o the_o brink_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o pond_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o body_n which_o by_o their_o collision_n do_v make_v a_o sound_n move_v the_o air_n into_o orb_n or_o circle_n succeed_v one_o another_o so_o that_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o the_o sound_n come_v be_v but_o small_a the_o rest_n which_o follow_v they_o grow_v great_a and_o great_a until_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o ear_n whereat_o when_o they_o beat_v they_o be_v latch_v in_o those_o furrow_n we_o speak_v of_o and_o by_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v chap._n xii_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n this_o outward_a ear_n be_v make_v of_o part_n some_o common_a some_o proper_a the_o common_a part_n be_v the_o cuticle_n the_o skin_n the_o fleshy_a membrane_n flesh_n itself_o and_o a_o little_a fat_a in_o the_o lobe_n or_o lap_n the_o proper_a part_n be_v muscle_n vein_n artery_n nerve_n and_o a_o gristle_n the_o cuticle_n or_o skarfe-skin_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o the_o second_o book_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o other_o common_a part_n only_o of_o the_o skin_n itself_o in_o this_o part_n we_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v exceed_o thin_a yet_o somewhat_o thick_a in_o the_o gibbous_a or_o backside_n of_o the_o ear_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o concavous_a or_o foreside_n and_o the_o near_a it_o come_v to_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v the_o thin_a it_o be_v this_o skin_n compass_v the_o ear_n round_o about_o both_o without_o and_o within_o and_o cleave_v very_o strong_o and_o firm_o to_o a_o little_a flesh_n and_o to_o the_o gristle_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ear_n especial_o ear_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n the_o inner_a may_v be_v smooth_a and_o slick_a not_o corrugate_v or_o unequal_a as_o well_o for_o beauty_n and_o comeliness_n as_o also_o for_o the_o better_a reception_n of_o sound_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o severth_n aristotle_n aristotle_n problem_n of_o the_o eleven_o section_n inquire_v why_o a_o house_n that_o be_v new_o plaster_v do_v sound_n old_a why_o a_o new_a house_n sound_v more_o than_o a_o old_a better_o than_o a_o old_a house_n answer_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o wall_n be_v smooth_a which_o smoothness_n procee_v from_o density_n or_o fastness_n it_o be_v reasonable_a therefore_o to_o think_v that_o the_o smoothness_n of_o the_o ear_n help_v the_o sound_n and_o therefore_o the_o very_a hole_n also_o of_o hear_v be_v invest_v with_o a_o sight_n hard_a thin_a and_o smooth_a skin_n which_o cleave_v very_o close_o to_o the_o membrane_n there_o under_o but_o where_o the_o skin_n incompass_v the_o lobe_n or_o lap_n of_o the_o ear_n it_o be_v so_o exquisite_o mix_v with_o the_o membrane_n and_o the_o flesh_n that_o it_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v call_v that_o part_n a_o fleshy_a fatty_a and_o spungy_a skin_n the_o vessel_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v these_o vein_n of_o the_o ear_n hypocrates_n take_v knowledge_n of_o in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la haminis_fw-la branch_n they_o be_v disperse_v on_o either_o side_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 1._o ddd_n ear_n the_o vein_n of_o the_o ear_n table_n 6._o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o fore-face_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n without_o the_o skin_n figure_n 2._o show_v a_o ligament_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n whereby_o it_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o skull_n figure_n 3._o the_o stony_a process_n be_v break_v show_v the_o first_o cavity_n and_o the_o hole_n thereof_o figure_n 4._o &_o 5._o show_v the_o labyrinth_n the_o snayly_a shell_n call_v cochlea_n two_o window_n and_o three_o semicircle_n tabula_fw-la vi_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o fig_n iv_o fig_n v._o fig._n 1._o &_o 2._o fig._n 3._o 4._o &_o 5._o artery_n it_o have_v from_o the_o inner_a branch_n of_o the_o carotis_fw-la or_o sleepy_a artery_n which_o pass_v to_o ear_n the_o arteriesâ—_n of_o the_o ear_n the_o backside_n of_o the_o ear_n tab._n 13._o lib._n 6._o o_fw-la that_o those_o part_n and_o the_o inbred_a air_n also_o may_v be_v refresh_v with_o vital_a blood_n and_o spirit_n two_o small_a nerve_n it_o have_v from_o the_o backward_o and_o two_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o second_o conjugation_n of_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o these_o be_v very_o small_a say_v galen_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la in_o man_n and_o ape_n because_o their_o temporal_a muscle_n be_v very_o small_a and_o the_o substance_n of_o their_o ear_n be_v immovable_a but_o in_o other_o creature_n say_v he_o who_o temporal_a muscle_n and_o ear_n be_v very_o large_a these_o nerve_n also_o be_v large_a because_o of_o the_o strength_n require_v to_o those_o motion_n the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o man_n be_v to_o bring_v sense_n to_o the_o ear_n and_o sometime_o to_o move_v the_o muscle_n for_o those_o muscle_n be_v not_o always_o find_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o outward_a eare._n man_n ear_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n immovable_a yet_o they_o may_v be_v move_v as_o appear_v as_o well_o by_o their_o muscle_n as_o also_o by_o the_o nerve_n which_o as_o we_o say_v even_o now_o be_v find_v in_o some_o body_n but_o the_o muscle_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o nerve_n so_o threddy_o that_o their_o motion_n be_v hardly_o perceive_v and_o nature_n make_v they_o small_a because_o too_o much_o motion_n will_v have_v vitiate_a the_o hear_n and_o therefore_o the_o head_n be_v rather_o make_v to_o move_v speedy_o on_o every_o side_n towards_o the_o sound_n or_o voice_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o beast_n who_o ear_n be_v movable_a such_o as_o they_o be_v falopius_n first_o find_v they_o out_o and_o therefore_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o invention_n belong_v to_o he_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n common_a and_o proper_a the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o the_o ear_n and_o both_o the_o lip_n and_o be_v a_o portion_n of_o that_o muscle_n which_o be_v account_v the_o first_o of_o those_o which_o move_v the_o cheek_n and_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o face_n and_o be_v call_v quadratus_n tabl_v 7._o fig._n 1_o l_o the_o square_a muscle_n it_o be_v insert_v with_o ascend_a fibre_n into_o the_o root_n of_o the_o ear_n table_n 6._o fig._n 1._o o._n table_n 7._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o forehead_n the_o eyelid_n and_o the_o cheek_n figure_n 2._o show_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o nose_n lip_n the_o low_a jaw_n and_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n tabula_fw-la vii_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o μ_n 2_o the_o insertion_n of_o this_o muscle_n into_o the_o low_a jaw_n ν_fw-gr 2_o a_o small_a nerve_n run_v to_o the_o forehead_n out_o of_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n Ï€_n 2_o a_o nerve_n propagate_v to_o the_o face_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o two_o beginning_n of_o the_o seven_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n t_o 2_o his_o insertion_n into_o the_o mammillary_a process_n â—_o 2_o the_o clavicle_n or_o the_o coller-bone_n φ_n 2_o a_o place_n where_o the_o vessel_n attain_v to_o the_o head_n and_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o arm_n do_v pass_v through_o the_o second_o be_v a_o proper_a muscle_n table_n 7._o
head_n of_o the_o drum_n use_v the_o seurth_o use_v may_v be_v secure_v from_o break_v for_o sure_o it_o will_v be_v in_o great_a danger_n to_o break_v if_o the_o inbred_a air_n have_v no_o passage_n out_o for_o when_o this_o inbred_a air_n be_v move_v if_o it_o can_v not_o retire_v backward_o it_o must_v press_v the_o membrane_n outward_a towards_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o outward_a air_n we_o know_v force_v it_o inward_a by_o which_o two_o contrary_a enforcement_n it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v endanger_v whereas_o now_o the_o inbred_a air_n have_v a_o outlet_a into_o which_o it_o may_v retire_v it_o leave_v the_o membrane_n scope_n and_o room_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n he_o that_o will_v find_v this_o passage_n must_v take_v a_o dry_a skull_n and_o put_v a_o hog_n bristle_n into_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v and_o he_o shall_v perceive_v that_o it_o will_v issue_v out_o again_o in_o the_o palate_n of_o the_o mouth_n seull_n how_o this_o passageiâ—_n find_v in_o a_o seull_n but_o in_o a_o green_a head_n the_o hole_n of_o this_o canal_n be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o same_o palate_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o canal_n which_o run_v from_o the_o ear_n unto_o the_o mouth_n as_o also_o of_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n within_o the_o skull_n with_o the_o process_n and_o hole_n that_o belong_v unto_o it_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o exterior_a superficies_n of_o this_o stony_a process_n or_o rocky_a bone_n without_o seull_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o this_o bone_n without_o the_o seull_n the_o skull_n be_v diverse_o exasperate_v and_o make_v unequal_a with_o knub_n bosom_n or_o cavity_n posrosity_n or_o small_a hole_n and_o line_n run_v in_o it_o so_o that_o the_o ancient_n do_v right_o compare_v it_o to_o a_o craggy_a rock_n the_o use_n of_o which_o inequality_n be_v that_o from_o they_o the_o muskle_n may_v better_o arise_v and_o into_o they_o be_v better_o insert_v this_o bone_n also_o have_v belong_v unto_o it_o a_o process_n and_o a_o appendix_n the_o process_n be_v somewhat_o thick_a and_o because_o it_o resemble_v the_o tear_n of_o a_o woman_n dug_n it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bone_n the_o mammillary_a process_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n mammillaris_fw-la tab._n 3._o lib._n 7._o fig_n 8._o m._n fig._n 9_o k._n this_o process_n be_v not_o find_v in_o infant_n but_o arise_v afterward_o the_o appendix_n be_v slender_a long_a and_o sharp_a and_o therefore_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d coiâ—â—_n call_v it_o os_fw-la sagittale_fw-la os_fw-la clavale_n os_fw-la acuale_fw-la from_o the_o resemblance_n it_o have_v with_o a_o arrow_n with_o a_o nail_n or_o with_o a_o needle_n it_o be_v also_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o spur_n tab._n 3._o lib._n 7._o fig._n 9_o two_o styloide_v of_o the_o appendix_n styloide_v this_o appendix_n in_o infant_n new_a bear_v be_v grist_o but_o afterward_o become_v bony_a when_o the_o bone_n grow_v and_o the_o gristle_n be_v dry_v yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o appendix_n there_o remain_v in_o it_o some_o remembrance_n of_o a_o gristle_n but_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v speaâ—e_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o discourse_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o external_a superficies_n of_o this_o stony_a process_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n or_o of_o the_o rocky_a bone_n whether_o you_o will_v as_o well_o within_o the_o skull_n as_o without_o on_o the_o inside_n this_o stony_a bone_n be_v not_o solid_a the_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v too_o cavity_n the_o inside_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n three_o cavity_n heavy_a but_o thrill_v and_o perforate_v with_o infinite_a hole_n den_n and_o screw_v passage_n tab._n 18._o lib._n 7._o fig._n 2._o ag_n 3._o 2._o m_o n_z e_z i._n and_o in_o a_o word_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v a_o very_a sponge_n wherein_o the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n be_v labour_v or_o perfect_v but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o there_o be_v three_o notable_a cavity_n form_v especial_o to_o help_v our_o hear_n the_o small_a partition_n of_o which_o cavity_n although_o they_o be_v very_o thin_a because_o the_o bone_n shall_v be_v light_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o fast_o and_o strong_a bone_n but_o because_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o first_o of_o these_o cavity_n we_o will_v entreat_v of_o the_o tympane_n before_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o cavitie_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n which_o hypocrates_n first_o of_o all_o man_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr earnibus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o under_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v of_o a_o skin_n in_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v be_v call_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 83._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d galen_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la tympane_n the_o name_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o lid_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o cover_n some_o call_v it_o tympanum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v stretch_v over_o the_o first_o cavity_n as_o a_o piece_n of_o vellum_n over_o the_o head_n of_o a_o drum_n or_o because_o as_o a_o drum_n be_v beat_v with_o a_o stick_n make_v a_o great_a sound_n so_o this_o membrane_n be_v beat_v upon_o by_o the_o air_n communicate_v this_o sound_n unto_o the_o nerve_n of_o sense_n but_o it_o may_v most_o proper_o be_v call_v not_o the_o tympane_n or_o drum_n but_o the_o membrane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n because_o it_o be_v stretch_v upon_o the_o bony_a circle_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o afterward_o and_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o sound_n return_v the_o same_o again_o unto_o the_o sense_n tab._n 10._o fig_n 3._o and_o 4._o p._n tab._n 11._o d._n it_o be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o hole_n of_o situation_n situation_n hear_v at_o who_o inward_a end_n it_o be_v set_v and_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n which_o cavity_n we_o proper_o call_v tympanum_fw-la it_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o cavity_n oblique_o forward_o reason_n the_o reason_n thereof_o the_o second_o reason_n and_o upward_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v cover_v the_o slope_v cut_v of_o a_o write_a pen_n with_o a_o film_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o situation_n be_v because_o it_o may_v more_o direct_o respect_v the_o first_o cavity_n which_o be_v somewhat_o high_a than_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v again_o that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n of_o water_n or_o of_o any_o such_o like_a that_o might_n by_o accident_n fall_v into_o the_o ear_n shall_v not_o direct_o or_o by_o a_o right_a line_n attain_v unto_o the_o membrane_n to_o offer_v it_o violence_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v round_o tab._n 10._o fig_n 6._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tab._n 11._o d_o curue_v a_o little_a inward_a in_o the_o midst_n it_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o like_o that_o herb_n which_o we_o call_v pennigrasse_n or_o venus_n navel_n the_o better_a to_o receive_v the_o sound_n which_o come_v from_o without_o because_o that_o which_o be_v concavous_a or_o hollow_a do_v more_o perfect_o and_o full_o receive_v the_o sound_n concern_v the_o substance_n and_o original_n of_o this_o membrane_n there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o opinion_n original_n diverse_a opinion_n concern_v his_o original_n as_o there_o be_v writer_n some_o think_v it_o arise_v from_o the_o brain_n some_o from_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n some_o from_o the_o periostium_fw-la some_o from_o the_o pericranium_n some_o from_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n some_o from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o interpose_v our_o opinion_n we_o persuade_v ourselves_o say_v bauhine_v that_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o seed_n itself_o as_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o first_o conformation_n as_o we_o say_v before_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v generate_v and_o the_o reason_n that_o persuade_v we_o thereto_o be_v because_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o other_o membrane_n in_o the_o body_n but_o if_o this_o opinion_n shall_v not_o please_v we_o next_o of_o all_o incline_v to_o they_o who_o produce_v it_o from_o the_o periostium_fw-la because_o if_o you_o dissect_v the_o head_n of_o a_o infant_n you_o shall_v find_v this_o membrane_n to_o cleave_v
bear_v a_o pulsation_n which_o may_v affect_v the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v wherefore_o bony_a it_o behove_v not_o to_o be_v for_o then_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n will_v have_v be_v deaf_a because_o the_o in_o breed_v air_n will_v not_o have_v receive_v the_o sound_n and_o alteration_n bony_a why_o not_o bony_a of_o the_o external_a air_n and_o if_o the_o bone_n have_v be_v so_o thin_a that_o it_o can_v have_v transmit_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o air_n than_o also_o will_v it_o have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o break_v it_o be_v not_o fit_v this_o cover_n or_o instrument_n shall_v be_v fleshy_a because_o if_o that_o which_o receive_v fleshy_a why_o not_o fleshy_a the_o sound_n have_v be_v lax_n or_o loose_v it_o will_v not_o so_o well_o have_v transmit_v the_o impression_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o strait_a a_o drum_n be_v brace_v the_o shrill_a sound_n it_o yield_v again_o if_o it_o have_v be_v fleshy_a it_o will_v have_v be_v soft_a and_o full_a of_o moisture_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n will_v have_v admit_v of_o many_o thing_n to_o cleave_v or_o stick_v unto_o it_o which_o now_o do_v fall_v away_o from_o it_o because_o it_o be_v membranous_a this_o partition_n therefore_o or_o muniment_n or_o cover_v call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v be_v membranous_a and_o thin_a withal_o for_o if_o in_o the_o first_o conformation_n it_o be_v produce_v a_o thick_a and_o fast_o membrane_n then_o be_v the_o party_n deaf_a incurable_o as_o arantius_n and_o laurentius_n have_v well_o remember_v but_o we_o find_v sometime_o before_o this_o membrane_n on_o the_o outside_n that_o there_o grow_v a_o certain_a thick_a coat_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o nature_n of_o which_o aegineta_n make_v mention_n in_o dumb_a how_o child_n become_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a the_o 23._o chapter_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n and_o aquapendens_fw-la say_v he_o find_v it_o twice_o but_o aegineta_n teach_v also_o the_o way_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o if_o it_o grow_v from_o the_o nativity_n such_o child_n will_v become_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a deaf_a because_o this_o coat_n hinder_v the_o appulsion_n of_o the_o sound_n unto_o the_o membrane_n dumb_a because_o they_o be_v not_o able_a either_o to_o conceive_v with_o their_o mind_n or_o to_o utter_v with_o their_o voice_n that_o they_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o and_o as_o such_o a_o coat_n or_o film_n before_o the_o membrane_n do_v cause_n deafness_n so_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o immediate_o behind_o the_o membrane_n there_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o mucous_a matter_n or_o a_o affluence_n of_o some_o humour_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o great_a difficulty_n of_o hear_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v but_o if_o the_o humour_n be_v thin_a than_o the_o hear_v be_v not_o so_o much_o impeach_v as_o the_o patient_a be_v vex_v with_o ring_n sing_n whistling_n and_o hiss_a murmur_n in_o his_o ear_n furthermore_o this_o membrane_n be_v sight_n and_o fast_o have_v in_o it_o no_o conspicuous_a pore_n but_o nervous_a &_o strong_a the_o better_a to_o resist_v outward_a injury_n &_o violent_a incusion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v also_o very_o dry_a that_o it_o may_v more_o ready_o receive_v the_o sound_n and_o more_o distinct_o dry_a why_o the_o membrane_n be_v dry_a make_v represetation_n of_o the_o same_o for_o we_o imagine_v that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o sound_n be_v receive_v in_o this_o membrane_n without_o the_o matter_n even_o as_o the_o image_n of_o colour_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o horny_a membrane_n of_o the_o eye_n beside_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o dryness_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o the_o conception_n or_o reception_n of_o sound_n because_o that_o which_o sound_v shrill_a be_v far_a hard_a as_o we_o have_v experience_n in_o small_a bell_n which_o be_v make_v of_o thin_a and_o fast_a latin_a plate_n this_o membrane_n be_v also_o translucide_n and_o polished_a like_o a_o looking-glass_n both_o within_o &_o without_o save_v that_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o process_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v the_o mallet_n or_o hammer_n be_v extend_v upward_o unto_o the_o midst_n thereof_o like_a as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o drum_n there_o be_v a_o chord_n stretch_v overthwart_o through_o the_o midst_n the_o use_n of_o this_o membrane_n be_v to_o close_v up_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v in_o a_o round_a compass_n &_o like_o a_o hedge_n or_o wall_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o four_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n and_o therefore_o membrane_n the_o diverse_a use_n of_o the_o membrane_n laurentius_n call_v it_o septum_fw-la the_o partition_n it_o serve_v also_o to_o distinguish_v the_o external_a from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o care_n but_o especial_o to_o separate_v the_o inbred_n air_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o sound_n from_o the_o external_a or_o the_o air_n that_o come_v from_o without_o for_o if_o these_o two_o air_n have_v be_v mix_v and_o confound_v the_o outward_a air_n be_v oftentimes_o foggy_a and_o thick_a must_v needs_o have_v make_v the_o inward_a air_n also_o more_o unfit_a for_o sensation_n neither_o do_v it_o only_o keep_v the_o inward_a air_n from_o permixtion_n with_o the_o outward_a but_o also_o contain_v it_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o vanish_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n or_o be_v disperse_v and_o dissipate_v in_o vehement_a noise_n or_o sound_n add_v hereto_o that_o it_o keep_v out_o the_o external_a air_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o cold_a nor_o heat_n thereof_o can_v offend_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n final_o it_o defend_v the_o inward_a part_n from_o outward_a wrong_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v over_o head_n and_o eat_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n can_v pass_v beyond_o the_o membrane_n in_o like_a manner_n it_o keep_v out_o fly_v and_o other_o such_o busy_a creature_n dust_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v happen_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v but_o because_o the_o thinness_n of_o this_o membrane_n make_v it_o subject_a to_o be_v violate_v or_o endanger_v by_o such_o outward_a accident_n nature_n for_o more_o security_n have_v place_v on_o the_o inside_n thereof_o three_o bone_n a_o chord_n or_o string_n and_o two_o muscle_n whereby_o this_o membrane_n be_v make_v better_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v beat_v against_o it_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o the_o chord_n the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v not_o know_v to_o anatomist_n till_o the_o age_n wherein_o we_o live_v those_o two_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o anvil_n or_o the_o stithy_n and_o the_o mallet_n or_o hammer_n be_v invent_v or_o bone_n the_o finder_n out_o of_o these_o bone_n find_v out_o by_o that_o restorer_n of_o anatomy_n johannes_n carpus_n of_o bononia_n and_o the_o three_o johannes_n phillippus_n ingrassias_n challenge_v unto_o himself_o so_o do_v also_o columbus_n and_o eustachius_n and_o well_o it_o may_v be_v that_o all_o these_o be_v so_o oculate_a anatomist_n do_v find_v it_o out_o by_o their_o industry_n but_o now_o we_o have_v they_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o expedient_a precise_o to_o describe_v they_o unto_o you_o then_o to_o determine_v who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o they_o these_o bone_n therefore_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n which_o before_o we_o call_v the_o tympane_n that_o be_v the_o drum_n or_o taber_n and_o because_o their_o figure_n be_v diverse_a they_o situation_n the_o situation_n have_v also_o diverse_a name_n give_v they_o partly_o from_o the_o similitude_n they_o have_v with_o the_o thing_n who_o name_n they_o bear_v partly_o also_o from_o their_o use_n the_o first_o be_v call_v malleus_fw-la or_o malleolus_n the_o mallet_n or_o the_o hammer_n the_o second_o incus_fw-la the_o anvil_n or_o the_o stithy_n the_o three_o stape_v nerve_n their_o nerve_n the_o stirrup_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 6._o 7._o 8._o the_o hammer_n or_o mallet_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 4._o r._n fig._n 5._o c._n fig._n 8._o q._n tab._n 11._o c._n l._n be_v seat_v in_o mallet_n the_o mallet_n the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o cavitie_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 2._o near_a to_o c._n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v this_o bone_n say_v coiter_v have_v his_o name_n rather_o from_o his_o use_n then_o from_o his_o form_n because_o when_o the_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o mallet_n also_o be_v move_v therewithal_o or_o because_o like_o a_o hammer_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o anvil_n and_o in_o the_o motion_n beat_v upon_o the_o membrane_n other_o do_v liken_v it_o to_o the_o thighbone_n as_o vessalius_n on_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o thigh_n near_o the_o neck_n thereof_o have_v two_o process_n
disturbance_n of_o the_o spirit_n hinder_v our_o hear_n whilst_o it_o be_v again_o appease_v again_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o implant_v air_n shall_v be_v immoovable_a by_o itself_o or_o of_o it_o own_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v exact_o receive_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n of_o motion_n say_v immooveable_a immooveable_a aristotle_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr aniwa_n other_o say_v it_o be_v immooveable_a because_o it_o be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o other_o but_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o in_o the_o ear_n other_o because_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a sound_n but_o be_v fit_a to_o receive_v all_o difference_n of_o sound_n say_v laurentius_n but_o that_o the_o inward_a air_n ought_v to_o be_v quiet_a and_o immoovable_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o indisposition_n we_o have_v in_o our_o hear_n when_o we_o be_v trouble_v with_o hiss_v or_o sing_v noise_n in_o our_o head_n yet_o be_v this_o air_n mooveable_a not_o of_o it_o own_o accord_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v movable_a how_o it_o be_v movable_a with_o the_o least_o impulsion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o be_v stir_v with_o local_a motion_n for_o when_o the_o outward_a air_n move_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o drum_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v also_o move_v that_o it_o may_v receive_v a_o form_n like_o to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v it_o be_v plentiful_a for_o plenty_n be_v require_v for_o the_o full_a reception_n of_o the_o sound_n some_o say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o receive_v many_o sound_n offer_v unto_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o placentinus_n say_v plentiful_a plentiful_a it_o do_v not_o receive_v many_o sound_n because_o of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o because_o each_o sound_n be_v receive_v by_o every_o little_a particle_n thereof_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o external_a air_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n air_n separate_a from_o the_o outward_a air_n lest_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v shall_v be_v offend_v for_o if_o the_o external_a air_n shall_v have_v get_v into_o the_o inward_a air_n if_o it_o have_v be_v either_o too_o cold_a or_o too_o hot_a it_o will_v have_v violate_v the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o by_o continuity_n the_o after-braine_n also_o and_o the_o brain_n itself_o moreover_o if_o the_o external_a air_n shall_v have_v be_v immediate_o join_v and_o commix_v with_o the_o internal_a see_v the_o external_a be_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n thick_a impure_a oftentimes_o also_o smoky_a and_o full_a of_o small_a creature_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o hear_v will_v thereby_o have_v be_v impair_v if_o not_o perish_v for_o the_o inbred_a air_n also_o will_v have_v become_v thick_a smoky_a and_o also_o fill_v with_o those_o small_a animal_n it_o will_v also_o have_v sometime_o happen_v in_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o the_o inbred_a air_n and_o with_o it_o the_o animal_n spirit_n must_v have_v be_v shoulder_v out_o of_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v quite_o ram_v up_o furthermore_o this_o benefit_n we_o have_v by_o the_o membrane_n that_o separate_v the_o external_a from_o the_o implant_v air_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v under_o water_n the_o water_n can_v pierce_v into_o his_o head_n or_o take_v away_o his_o sense_n of_o hear_v as_o those_o diverse_a find_v by_o experience_n who_o for_o fish_n or_o pearl_n or_o any_o such_o like_a occasion_n do_v use_v to_o dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n neither_o be_v this_o implant_v air_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n that_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v of_o but_o have_v only_o a_o similitude_n therewith_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o these_o word_n of_o galen_n neither_o air_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o implant_v air_n be_v every_o instrument_n of_o sense_n change_v alter_v or_o affect_v by_o every_o sensible_a object_n but_o 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archangelus_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o archangelus_n the_o airy_a body_n say_v he_o be_v nourish_v by_o blood_n bring_v by_o the_o vein_n and_o that_o per_fw-la diadosin_n that_o be_v by_o transumption_n as_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v nourish_v by_o be_v what_o diadosis_n or_o transumption_n be_v the_o glassy_a humour_n by_o this_o diadosis_n or_o transumption_n for_o there_o redound_v out_o of_o the_o glassy_a humour_n as_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o crystalline_a like_a as_o the_o glassy_a humour_n transume_v from_o the_o membrane_n call_v aranea_fw-la or_o the_o cobweb_n a_o aliment_n accommodate_v and_o proportionable_a to_o itself_o and_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o coat_n call_v aranea_fw-la or_o the_o cobweb_n there_o be_v vein_n by_o who_o blood_n it_o be_v nourish_v after_o the_o cobweb_n be_v satisfy_v that_o which_o redound_v or_o be_v superfluous_a be_v transume_v by_o the_o 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nourishment_n but_o arterial_a life_n also_o and_o with_o it_o all_o the_o part_n that_o be_v subordinate_a and_o minister_a to_o it_o there_o be_v certain_a artery_n which_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v thus_o far_o archan_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o this_o implant_v air_n our_o author_n be_v full_a of_o diversity_n aristotle_n air_n the_o use_n of_o this_o air_n in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la call_v it_o audiendi_fw-la sensorium_fw-la the_o very_a sense_n of_o aristotle_n diverse_a opinion_n aristotle_n hear_v itself_o and_o true_o the_o ancient_n have_v all_o deliver_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n say_v
aer_fw-la be_v affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n drive_v &_o alter_v that_o air_n that_o be_v next_o it_o and_o so_o by_o succession_n till_o the_o alteration_n come_v to_o the_o air_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o compatision_n how_o the_o scund_a attainerh_n to_o the_o eare._n a_o fit_a compatision_n outward_a ear_n even_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o water_n it_o stir_v up_o circle_n which_o drive_v one_o the_o other_o till_o the_o water_n moveagainst_a the_o brink_n or_o if_o the_o water_n be_v broad_a do_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n determine_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v generate_v certain_a circle_n which_o move_v one_o another_o till_o by_o succession_n they_o come_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v which_o continuation_n of_o the_o air_n thus_o beat_v avicen_n and_o the_o ancient_a anatomist_n call_v undam_fw-la vocalem_fw-la the_o vocal_a wave_n vocalis_fw-la vnda_fw-la vocalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o stone_n be_v great_a and_o violent_o throw_v into_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o drive_v the_o circle_n vehement_o to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o pond_n then_o will_v those_o circle_n be_v repel_v again_o and_o so_o run_v double_v and_o huddle_v to_o the_o first_o circle_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o we_o hallow_v or_o speak_v aloud_o against_o any_o arch_a place_n or_o against_o a_o wood_n or_o a_o mountain_n the_o voice_n will_v be_v double_v and_o a_o echo_n will_v answer_v us._n but_o all_o air_n do_v not_o alike_o receive_v a_o sound_n for_o a_o pure_a thin_a and_o clear_a air_n which_o be_v sound_n what_o air_n be_v fit_a to_o receine_v a_o sound_n vehement_o and_o sudden_o strike_v by_o two_o hard_a body_n who_o superficies_n be_v broad_a will_v soon_o receive_v the_o sound_n and_o represent_v it_o more_o smart_o than_o if_o the_o air_n or_o the_o body_n be_v not_o so_o prepare_v a_o needle_n strike_v against_o a_o needle_n will_v not_o make_v a_o sound_n though_o they_o be_v hard_a body_n because_o their_o superficies_n be_v narrow_a and_o not_o broad_a and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n but_o above_o all_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o concavous_a or_o hollow_a place_n do_v best_a receive_v the_o species_n of_o sound_n because_o in_o the_o reflection_n there_o be_v many_o percussion_n beside_o the_o first_o for_o the_o reverberation_n of_o the_o air_n make_v much_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o we_o may_v see_v in_o den_n cave_n wood_n hollow_a mountain_n well_n and_o such_o like_a which_o will_v not_o only_o return_v again_o the_o sound_n that_o they_o receive_v but_o sometime_o also_o the_o very_a articulate_a word_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n and_o generation_n of_o sound_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a philosophical_a disquisition_n and_o therefore_o we_o pass_v it_o over_o more_o brief_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o be_v beat_v be_v communicate_v with_o the_o implant_v air_n and_o the_o internal_a part_n but_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o this_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o let_v you_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o diverse_a opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o of_o the_o modern_a writer_n concern_v the_o manner_n how_o empedocles_n how_o divets_n opinion_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v 1._o empedocles_n hear_v be_v make_v for_o upon_o that_o very_a point_n we_o now_o be_v the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o empedocles_n who_o think_v that_o this_o sense_n of_o hear_v be_v make_v because_o the_o air_n offer_v a_o kind_n of_o violence_n to_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o ear_n for_o because_o the_o inward_a ear_n be_v intorted_a like_o a_o winkle-shell_n and_o hang_v as_o a_o bell_n in_o thou_o steeple_n of_o the_o body_n it_o easy_o perceive_v all_o appulsion_n of_o the_o air_n the_o second_o be_v that_o of_o alcmeon_n who_o think_v that_o we_o therefore_o hear_v because_o our_o alcmeon_n our_o 2._o alcmeon_n ear_n be_v within_o empty_a for_o all_o empty_a thing_n do_v resound_v if_o the_o sound_n get_v into_o they_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o diogenes_n who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o head_n there_o be_v a_o air_n which_o be_v diogenes_n be_v 3._o diogenes_n smite_v by_o the_o voice_n and_o so_o move_v against_o who_o hypocrates_n write_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o author_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o brain_n yield_v a_o sound_n which_o can_v be_v for_o the_o brain_n itself_o be_v moist_a now_o no_o moist_a thing_n will_v resound_v but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v dry_a the_o four_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la first_o of_o all_o hypocrates_n all_o 4._o hypocrates_n say_v he_o the_o care_n be_v perforate_v and_o in_o that_o part_n we_o hear_v yet_o the_o empty_a place_n about_o the_o ear_n do_v hear_v nothing_o but_o a_o confuse_a noise_n but_o that_o which_o enter_v through_o the_o membrane_n into_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v distinct_o hear_v where_o there_o be_v a_o perforation_n through_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o brain_n and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la we_o hear_v because_o the_o hole_n of_o our_o ear_n reach_v unto_o the_o dry_a and_o stony_a bone_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o canal_n or_o fistulous_a cavity_n against_o which_o hard_a bone_n the_o sound_n do_v beat_v and_o the_o hollow_a bone_n because_o of_o his_o hardness_n yield_v a_o reasonance_n now_o in_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v near_o that_o hard_a bone_n there_o be_v a_o thin_a film_n like_o a_o cobweb_n the_o dry_a of_o all_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o body_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o dry_a be_v fit_a to_o conceive_v or_o receive_v a_o sound_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o argument_n when_o this_o membrane_n therefore_o yield_v the_o great_a resonance_n than_o we_o hear_v best_a the_o five_o be_v plato_n opinion_n the_o air_n that_o be_v implant_v in_o the_o ear_n be_v beat_v that_o pulsation_n be_v transmit_v into_o the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o so_o we_o hear_v plato_n hear_v 5._o plato_n the_o sixth_o be_v aristotle_n we_o hear_v say_v he_o when_o the_o air_n be_v move_v by_o two_o solid_a body_n aristotle_n body_n 6._o aristotle_n that_o which_o be_v beat_v have_v a_o plain_a superficies_n that_o from_o thence_o the_o air_n may_v result_v the_o concussion_n of_o these_o two_o body_n must_v be_v vehement_a that_o the_o air_n between_o they_o may_v not_o diffuse_v itself_o but_o be_v apprehend_v and_o smite_v before_o his_o dissipation_n for_o so_o only_a the_o sound_n result_v and_o fill_v the_o air_n by_o continuation_n even_o to_o the_o ear_n now_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a implant_v air_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o when_o the_o external_a air_n be_v move_v the_o internal_a receyve_v therefrom_o a_o motion_n and_o agitation_n which_o otherwise_o of_o itself_o be_v immoovable_a so_o as_o it_o exact_o perceyve_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o external_a air_n thus_o be_v the_o hear_v begin_v and_o perfect_v in_o the_o air_n seaventh_o galen_n in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a galen_n necessary_a 7._o galen_n say_v he_o that_o from_o the_o brain_n a_o certain_a surcle_n shall_v be_v propagate_v downwarde_a to_o the_o ear_n which_o may_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n come_v from_o without_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o voice_n or_o a_o sound_n make_v by_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o motion_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o such_o a_o percussion_n diffuse_v itself_o like_o a_o storm_n of_o wind_n or_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o ascend_v unto_o the_o brain_n thus_o far_o the_o ancient_n who_o most_o of_o they_o if_o not_o all_o be_v ignorant_a or_o at_o least_o much_o to_o seek_v in_o the_o exact_a anatomy_n of_o the_o eye_n among_o the_o late_a writer_n vesalius_n and_o his_o adherent_n have_v it_o thus_o vesalius_n thus_o 8._o vesalius_n a_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n proceed_v through_o a_o torted_a and_o writhen_a passage_n and_o extend_v itself_o into_o a_o membrane_n wherewith_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v stop_v which_o membrane_n be_v thin_a dry_a and_o well_o stretch_v &_o beat_v by_o the_o outward_a air_n make_v a_o sound_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o his_o turn_a gyration_n much_o like_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o snail_n or_o periwinkle_n columbus_n so_o also_o we_o hear_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n which_o at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o labyrinth_n become_v thick_a but_o
not_o nor_o can_v have_v any_o odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v but_o a_o little_a odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v a_o evil_a or_o offensive_a odor_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o object_n the_o medium_fw-la by_o which_o we_o smell_v be_v the_o air_n or_o water_n for_o those_o creature_n which_o smell_n the_o medium_n of_o the_o smell_n live_v in_o the_o water_n whether_o they_o have_v blood_n or_o no_o blood_n be_v yet_o apprehensive_a of_o odour_n as_o also_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o air_n for_o fish_n and_o snail_n and_o those_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la do_v smell_v their_o nourishment_n a_o far_o off_o and_o approach_v thereupon_o unto_o it_o because_o of_o the_o alimentarie_a species_n of_o the_o odour_n as_o bee_n will_v flock_v to_o honey_n and_o so_o in_o the_o like_a but_o man_n never_o smell_v but_o when_o he_o draw_v in_o his_o breath_n for_o if_o he_o hold_v his_o breath_n though_o you_o put_v odoriferous_a thing_n into_o his_o nose_n he_o can_v smell_v they_o the_o reason_n smell_v how_o a_o man_n smell_v be_v because_o the_o instrument_n of_o his_o smell_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o coat_n of_o his_o nostril_n but_o far_o within_o to_o which_o there_o be_v certain_a perforation_n that_o lead_v again_o in_o inspiration_n the_o instrument_n themselves_o be_v dilate_v which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dilate_v the_o air_n can_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n nor_o ascend_v unto_o the_o process_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n other_o creature_n even_o those_o that_o be_v without_o blood_n do_v smell_v though_o they_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o they_o smell_v because_o they_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v and_o perceive_v odour_n and_o that_o they_o do_v perceive_v odour_n it_o be_v manifest_a because_o they_o be_v stifle_v with_o those_o odour_n smell_v that_o unbloody_a creature_n do_v smell_v whereby_o man_n be_v also_o stifle_v for_o say_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la as_o man_n get_v a_o stuff_n in_o their_o head_n yea_o be_v sometime_o suffocate_v with_o the_o steam_n of_o charcoal_n so_o many_o insectile_a creature_n be_v drive_v away_o with_o the_o smell_n or_o vapour_n of_o brimstone_n or_o other_o bituminous_a matter_n because_o they_o be_v annoy_v yea_o kill_v by_o they_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o man_n differ_v from_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o such_o creature_n as_o a_o man_n eye_n differ_v from_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o creature_n instrument_n a_o difference_n of_o this_o instrument_n which_o have_v hard_a eye_n for_o those_o creature_n that_o have_v soft_a eye_n have_v also_o eyelid_n to_o cover_v they_o which_o lid_n if_o they_o do_v not_o move_v and_o open_v they_o can_v see_v but_o those_o that_o have_v hard_a eye_n have_v no_o lid_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o thing_n proportionable_a thereto_o but_o they_o see_v immediate_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o like_a 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of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nose_n galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la olfactus_fw-la refute_v for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o uncertain_a thing_n which_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v nor_o make_v evident_a that_o we_o shall_v assurd_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v true_a beside_o say_v galen_n it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o let_v we_o grant_v that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v a_o cover_n which_o be_v open_v by_o inspiration_n that_o the_o way_n may_v be_v make_v open_a for_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n to_o pass_v in_o and_o that_o when_o the_o inspiration_n be_v end_v it_o again_o close_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o cover_n say_v galen_n must_v be_v animal_n or_o natural_a or_o violent_a that_o it_o be_v animal_n or_o voluntary_a no_o man_n will_v say_v because_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o cover_n or_o value_n for_o animal_n motion_n beside_o animal_n motion_n follow_v our_o will_n but_o this_o cover_n be_v never_o 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production_n shoot_v forward_o do_v determine_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o make_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o smell_a to_o which_o place_n when_o the_o odoriferous_a exhalation_n do_v attain_v the_o instrument_n perceive_v the_o species_n of_o the_o odor_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o into_o this_o species_n be_v change_v the_o exhalation_n be_v disperse_v or_o extend_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n bauhine_n have_v it_o thus_o as_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o the_o ear_n of_o hear_v both_o of_o they_o compound_v of_o many_o particle_n so_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v the_o bauhine_v bauhine_v nose_n but_o because_o in_o every_o sense_n there_o be_v one_o principal_a part_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o be_v here_o the_o principal_a instrument_n by_o which_o the_o faculty_n take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o this_o sense_n some_o think_v be_v be_v the_o nose_n because_o 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mind_n with_o so_o artificial_a a_o pencil_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o second_o soul_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o do_v not_o galen_n himself_o so_o high_o extol_v this_o organ_n that_o he_o think_v the_o brain_n be_v only_o frame_v eye_n the_o brain_n be_v make_v for_o the_o eye_n for_o their_o sake_n a_o part_n so_o necessary_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o make_v we_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o very_a divine_a nature_n and_o do_v he_o not_o moreover_o write_v that_o the_o whole_a head_n have_v the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o body_n only_o because_o of_o the_o eye_n a_o commendation_n doubtless_o wonderful_a yet_o not_o more_o admirable_a than_o competent_a &_o worthy_o deserve_v for_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a and_o profound_a knowledge_n he_o consider_v world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a world_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o true_a microcosm_n or_o little_a world_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o exact_a roundness_n and_o revolution_n wherein_o beside_o the_o membrane_n which_o i_o dare_v bold_o call_v the_o seven_o sphere_n of_o heaven_n there_o be_v also_o the_o four_o element_n find_v eye_n the_o four_o element_n in_o the_o eye_n that_o fire_n be_v there_o we_o will_v prove_v in_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o place_n that_o there_o be_v air_n who_o will_v deny_v which_o understand_v with_o what_o plenty_n of_o spirit_n they_o do_v abound_v as_o for_o water_n who_o do_v not_o see_v it_o in_o the_o eye_n do_v prove_v himself_o more_o blind_a than_o a_o beetle_n all_o the_o other_o part_n we_o will_v liken_v to_o the_o earth_n if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n shall_v not_o you_o see_v shine_a star_n yea_o rather_o a_o eye_n the_o apple_n &_o rainbow_n of_o the_o eye_n beam_a sun_n wherefore_o thou_o may_v not_o unfit_o call_v the_o eye_n with_o the_o poet_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gate_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v you_o not_o perceive_v here_o the_o diverse-coloured_n rainbow_n frame_v with_o a_o sevenfold_a circle_n shall_v you_o not_o also_o observe_v hail_n and_o infinite_a other_o thing_n which_o do_v most_o full_o declare_v the_o excellency_n of_o this_o sense_n by_o themselves_o without_o any_o additament_n of_o our_o oration_n agellius_n agellius_n but_o see_v as_o agellius_n say_v it_o be_v more_o blame-worthy_a to_o praise_v a_o thing_n slight_o &_o coldlie_o then_o earnest_o to_o dispraise_v it_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n the_o worth_n of_o so_o excellent_a work_n of_o nature_n we_o will_v here_o make_v stay_n and_o address_v the_o small_a portion_n of_o our_o capacity_n unto_o a_o more_o abstruse_a contemplation_n concern_v the_o nature_n manner_n number_n order_n medium_fw-la object_n and_o organ_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n in_o general_n afterward_o we_o will_v descend_v unto_o particular_n qvest._n i._n what_o sense_n be_v have_v by_o way_n of_o praeface_n set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v unto_o a_o more_o full_a discourse_n of_o they_o which_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o accomplish_v before_o we_o assay_v their_o particular_a handle_n we_o will_v take_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o in_o general_a which_o may_v aristotle_n the_o definition_n of_o sense_n by_o aristotle_n make_v way_n to_o the_o particular_n and_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o a_o preamble_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o reader_n first_o of_o all_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o sense_n be_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 2._o de_fw-fr anima_fw-la text_n 12._o say_v that_o sense_n be_v that_o which_o can_v receive_v sensible_a form_n without_o any_o matter_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o define_v sense_n in_o potentia_fw-la only_a or_o power_n which_o haply_o he_o will_v insinuate_v by_o the_o word_n potest_fw-la or_o can_v especial_o because_o this_o can_v be_v a_o true_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o do_v indeed_o and_o real_o perceive_v for_o a_o glass_n also_o do_v receive_v grammaticus_n john_n grammaticus_n sensible_a form_n without_o any_o material_a substance_n &_o yet_o that_o perception_n be_v no_o sense_n whence_o johan._n grami_n upon_o the_o 127_o text_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v be_v not_o only_o to_o receive_v species_n or_o form_n without_o the_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v also_o requisite_a a_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o receive_v the_o form_n of_o sensible_a thing_n without_o aphrodis_fw-la alex._n aphrodis_fw-la the_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o glass_n but_o the_o philosopher_n will_v show_v what_o manner_n of_o perception_n be_v necessary_a to_o sense_n that_o it_o have_v the_o act_n of_o perception_n and_o how_o the_o object_n ought_v to_o be_v dispose_v except_o by_o the_o word_n perceive_v he_o understand_v discern_v which_o philosopher_n do_v sometime_o promiscuous_o use_v as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o alexander_n aphrodisaeus_n who_o upon_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o metaphysic_n say_v that_o sense_n be_v a_o apprehension_n or_o discern_v of_o present_a sensible_a thing_n which_o be_v without_o the_o sensorium_n or_o organ_n and_o this_o be_v sense_n in_o deed_n and_o act_n for_o we_o definition_n simplicius_n definition_n be_v then_o say_v to_o perceive_v when_o we_o discern_v the_o object_n which_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 155._o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la have_v well_o note_v define_v sense_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v or_o discern_v stir_v uppe_o in_o the_o organ_n first_o receyve_v his_o act_n from_o the_o sensible_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n by_o receyve_v understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o same_o definition_n he_o do_v accurate_o and_o distinct_o declare_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o 138_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o everte_a sense_n do_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v there_o be_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n sensation_n and_o imagination_n what_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a for_o how_o can_v the_o sense_n of_o that_o object_n remain_v in_o the_o organ_n when_o obâ—ect_n all_o sense_n be_v make_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o obâ—ect_n the_o object_n be_v set_v aside_o if_o it_o shall_v only_o receive_v it_o without_o any_o act_n of_o discern_v be_v we_o not_o teach_v the_o contrary_a in_o glass_n which_o because_o they_o only_o receive_v but_o know_v or_o discern_v nothing_o therefore_o present_o as_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v they_o lose_v the_o image_n we_o will_v therefore_o out_o of_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v gather_v a_o most_o clear_a and_o absolute_a definition_n of_o sense_n on_o this_o manner_n that_o sense_n be_v a_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n receive_v formal_o in_o the_o organ_n quest_n ii_o what_o action_n be_v and_o how_o action_n and_o use_n do_v differ_v averrhoe_n very_o worthy_o say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o the_o 51._o text_n that_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a consideration_n of_o sense_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v amongst_o the_o active_a or_o passive_a virtue_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v accomplish_v by_o action_n or_o passion_n for_o he_o which_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o sensation_n consider_v therefore_o of_o this_o matter_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o auerrhoe_n i_o have_v here_o determine_v for_o the_o more_o evident_a clear_n of_o this_o question_n to_o declare_v what_o action_n be_v and_o also_o what_o passion_n be_v action_n therefore_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o certain_a active_a motion_n proceed_v be_v what_o action_n be_v from_o any_o thing_n fit_a for_o action_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o some_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n by_o galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o 17_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o that_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n see_v that_o there_o be_v as_o well_o a_o active_a motion_n as_o a_o passive_a motion_n many_o call_v that_o a_o active_a motion_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o motion_n why_o action_n be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n the_o thing_n and_o of_o itself_o alone_o and_o that_o passive_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o external_a agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o walk_v of_o a_o creature_n be_v a_o active_a motion_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o proper_a &_o internal_a faculty_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n upward_o be_v what_o active_a
by_o understanding_n nor_o reason_n it_o be_v be_v it_o the_o work_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o of_o our_o reason_n no_o for_o this_o action_n be_v common_a to_o brute_n beast_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o reason_n for_o they_o know_v when_o they_o do_v not_o see_v or_o hear_v or_o smell_v and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o they_o know_v so_o much_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v by_o their_o open_n of_o their_o eye_n when_o they_o be_v shut_v and_o prick_v up_o their_o ear_n when_o they_o will_v see_v or_o hear_v neither_o need_v we_o wonder_v heereat_o for_o they_o be_v enrich_v with_o some_o function_n that_o come_v near_o unto_o reason_n itself_o as_o i_o may_v easy_o prove_v by_o many_o instance_n of_o diverse_a creature_n out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n and_o other_o historian_n if_o i_o think_v it_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n see_v therefore_o unreasonable_a creature_n do_v know_v when_o they_o perceive_v that_o be_v have_v use_n of_o their_o sense_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o that_o knowledge_n be_v not_o a_o work_n of_o reason_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o work_n of_o the_o fantasy_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o work_v after_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v when_o the_o object_n be_v not_o present_a but_o this_o sense_n ought_v to_o judge_v at_o least_o then_o when_o phantisy_n it_o be_v no_o work_n of_o the_o phantisy_n we_o have_v use_v of_o sense_n that_o we_o do_v use_v it_o and_o after_o sensation_n to_o do_v nothing_o whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 136_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la handle_v this_o matter_n affirm_v that_o this_o be_v do_v continual_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n and_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o common_a sense_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o no_o one_o sense_n but_o be_v equal_o common_a to_o all_o for_o nature_n have_v sense_n we_o know_v that_o we_o perceyve_v by_o the_o common_a sense_n always_o endeavour_v that_o she_o may_v bring_v a_o multitude_n into_o a_o unity_n so_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v wherefore_o she_o have_v join_v in_o one_o common_a sense_n all_o the_o outward_a sense_n wherinto_o as_o line_n go_v from_o the_o circumference_n into_o the_o centre_n they_o may_v determine_v &_o this_o have_v the_o philosopher_n very_o elegant_o declare_v in_o the_o 30._o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o call_v this_o common_a sense_n the_o mean_a or_o middle_a between_o the_o external_a sense_n consider_v they_o as_o the_o circumference_n and_o this_o as_o the_o centre_n this_o be_v that_o sense_n by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o hear_v &_o see_v and_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v bind_v in_o our_o sleep_n make_v we_o ignorant_a of_o our_o sensation_n this_o be_v it_o which_o except_o it_o be_v present_v all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v unprofitable_a this_o be_v it_o which_o offer_v to_o the_o fancy_n the_o species_n which_o the_o outward_a sense_n have_v perceive_v and_o the_o phantasm_n to_o the_o understanding_n in_o a_o word_n this_o be_v it_o without_o which_o neither_o the_o external_a nor_o internal_a sense_n nor_o the_o principal_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v consist_v entire_a and_o absolute_a qvest._n xii_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v receive_v of_o all_o man_n that_o the_o sense_n be_v five_o in_o number_n but_o especial_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o 128_o text_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la who_o say_v sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n that_o beside_o sight_n hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n assign_v and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o object_n colour_n sound_n odour_n sapour_n and_o tactile_a quality_n if_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v find_v no_o other_o proper_a object_n beside_o these_o five_o i_o mean_v of_o external_a sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n object_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sense_n beside_o these_o so_o also_o because_o these_o five_o mention_v several_a object_n be_v so_o proper_a unto_o their_o several_a sense_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o but_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a sense_n i_o say_v it_o follow_v hence_o that_o there_o be_v no_o few_o sense_n than_o five_o because_o the_o object_n be_v full_a out_o five_o furthermore_o this_o number_n of_o five_o sense_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o element_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v sense_n the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o every_o organ_n be_v assign_v to_o a_o particular_a element_n namely_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o water_n the_o hear_v to_o the_o air_n the_o smell_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o touch_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o taste_v because_o of_o his_o near_a affinity_n to_o touch_v be_v resemble_v unto_o the_o same_o element_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v object_v any_o way_n infringe_v or_o impeach_v this_o opinion_n to_o solution_n objection_n solution_n wit_n because_o there_o be_v one_o only_o sensative_a faculty_n therefore_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o sense_n for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o eye_n discern_v colour_n the_o ear_n judge_v of_o sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v savour_n be_v not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o the_o foot_n also_o will_v see_v if_o it_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o temperament_n convenient_a for_o the_o discern_a of_o colour_n that_o they_o have_v sense_n the_o organ_n have_v it_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o that_o the_o perceive_v rather_o this_o then_o that_o object_n they_o obtain_v it_o not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperament_n of_o their_o organ_n wherefore_o whereas_o the_o eye_n do_v discern_v of_o colour_n the_o ear_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o nose_n of_o odour_n it_o be_v not_o because_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a visive_a a_o auditory_a and_o odoratorie_n or_o smell_a faculty_n but_o because_o one_o and_o the_o same_o faculty_n carry_v itself_o in_o every_o organ_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v diverslie_o proceed_v into_o act_n according_a to_o the_o diverse_a temper_n of_o the_o diverse_a organ_n qvest._n xiii_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o order_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o sight_n as_o aristotle_n and_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n do_v or_o with_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v a_o contrary_a way_n wherein_o physician_n &_o anatomist_n do_v walk_v and_o these_o be_v the_o two_o contrary_a sect_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o order_n for_o none_o ever_o make_v doubt_n about_o the_o interruption_n or_o break_v off_o the_o order_n but_o how_o many_o author_n soever_o there_o be_v they_o have_v either_o place_v sight_n in_o the_o first_o place_n hear_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o taste_v in_o the_o four_o and_o touch_v in_o the_o five_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v put_v touch_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n taste_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o hear_v in_o the_o four_o and_o see_v in_o the_o five_o and_o last_o place_n as_o concern_v the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o of_o aristotle_n especial_o element_n sense_n to_o be_v place_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n who_o both_o in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 2._o 3._o and_o 5._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n &_o sens_n do_v rank_n they_o in_o this_o order_n moreover_o this_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n because_o this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n which_o do_v concur_v for_o a_o mean_a or_o other_o help_n to_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o every_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o element_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v appropriate_v ought_v thus_o to_o be_v place_v and_o according_a thereto_o shall_v their_o order_n and_o frame_n arise_v sight_n be_v then_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n because_o fire_n have_v the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o element_n fiery_a the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a for_o sight_n be_v fiery_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la or_o inbred_a fire_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n for_o except_v there_o be_v light_n which_o proceed_v from_o afiery_a body_n there_o will_v be_v no_o vision_n the_o hear_v be_v the_o second_o because_o it_o be_v airy_a for_o
air_n occupi_v the_o second_o place_n and_o the_o airy_a the_o hear_v be_v airy_a hear_v be_v airy_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n because_o it_o have_v a_o inbred_a air_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v form_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o essence_n thereof_o vaporous_a smell_a be_v vaporous_a smell_a be_v put_v in_o the_o three_o place_n because_o as_o it_o be_v the_o middle_n between_o the_o other_o sense_n so_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o element_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v dispose_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o mean_a between_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o air_n as_o galen_n do_v well_o witness_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr odour_n instrum_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a because_o that_o which_o be_v neither_o so_o thin_a or_o rare_a as_o air_n nor_o so_o crass_a and_o thick_a as_o water_n may_v well_o be_v conclude_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o vapour_n now_o that_o smell_a be_v vaporous_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o thing_n sensible_a we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o prove_v hereafter_o watery_a the_o taste_n watery_a the_o taste_n deserve_v the_o four_o place_n because_o water_n succeed_v air_n and_o to_o water_v this_o sense_n be_v refer_v as_o well_o because_o of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o object_n earthy_a the_o touch_v earthy_a the_o last_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o touch_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o last_o and_o low_a place_n of_o who_o nature_n and_o quality_n this_o sense_n of_o touch_v do_v participate_v qvest._n xiiii_o a_o conformation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o the_o sense_n ought_v to_o be_v thus_o continuate_v among_o themselves_o and_o propound_v in_o this_o order_n the_o constitution_n and_o conformation_n of_o the_o organ_n organ_n the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n prove_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v give_v we_o sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v veil_a with_o a_o very_a dense_n and_o thick_a cover_n that_o of_o the_o hear_v be_v more_o rare_a that_o of_o the_o smell_n yet_o thin_a than_o they_o both_o which_o galen_n in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la have_v very_o well_o observe_v where_o speak_v of_o this_o sense_n he_o say_v if_o the_o cover_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sense_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o rare_a than_o that_o of_o hear_v by_o how_o much_o the_o object_n hereof_o be_v of_o more_o crass_a part_n part_n part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o ear_n the_o cover_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v not_o only_o more_o rare_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o spongy_a as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n last_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o touch_n be_v most_o rare_a of_o all_o this_o order_n be_v moreover_o confirm_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n for_o the_o object_n of_o the_o object_n and_o by_o the_o tenuity_n &_o crassenes_n of_o the_o object_n sight_n be_v the_o thin_a &_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n yea_o after_o a_o sort_n spiritual_a &_o not_o corporeal_a that_o of_o the_o hear_n be_v more_o crass_a and_o the_o object_n of_o smell_n yet_o more_o crass_a and_o thick_a then_o either_o of_o they_o where-upon_a galen_n in_o the_o abovenamed_n place_n witness_v that_o the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v of_o more_o gross_a part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o hear_v for_o say_v he_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exceed_v by_o the_o light_n in_o the_o tenuity_n of_o their_o part_n by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o vapour_n surpass_v by_o the_o air_n the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v much_o more_o crass_a than_o the_o former_a but_o the_o touch_v mean_a and_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a be_v earthy_a must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o crass_a of_o all_o final_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a for_o the_o sight_n above_o all_o have_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o hear_v have_v less_o need_n and_o the_o smell_v less_o than_o it_o taste_v be_v as_o some_o think_v without_o any_o mean_a at_o all_o but_o especial_o the_o touch_n as_o we_o have_v partly_o prove_v already_o and_o haply_o it_o will_v again_o fall_v under_o our_o discourse_n last_o the_o position_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o this_o order_n for_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n be_v place_v without_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v a_o little_a more_o inner_a and_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a more_o inward_a than_o they_o both_o that_o of_o the_o taste_n be_v yet_o more_o hide_v and_o the_o instrument_n of_o touch_v be_v call_v by_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v exist_v within_o by_o these_o demonstration_n therefore_o be_v this_o continuation_n and_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n sufficient_o confirm_v to_o wit_n because_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o assign_a rank_n the_o sight_n and_o touch_n be_v the_o extreme_n because_o they_o be_v most_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o object_n of_o touch_n be_v corporeal_a and_o material_a and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n incorporal_a and_o spiritual_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v place_v within_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n without_o the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o most_o rare_a and_o thin_a veil_n that_o of_o the_o sight_n with_o a_o most_o dense_a and_o thick_a cover_n because_o sight_n use_v a_o mean_a but_o touch_v none_o at_o all_o last_o the_o touch_n be_v earthy_a and_o the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a the_o hear_v and_o taste_v be_v less_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o smell_n be_v equal_o affect_v to_o all_o and_o therefore_o by_o good_a right_n challenge_v the_o middle_a place_n qvest._n xv._o the_o argument_n of_o the_o philosopher_n although_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n seem_v to_o prove_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o rank_n or_o follow_a order_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n do_v infer_v a_o conclusion_n it_o be_v only_o probable_o yet_o there_o be_v which_o do_v contend_v for_o the_o primacy_n of_o the_o sight_n with_o strong_a argument_n and_o first_o they_o say_v that_o sight_n be_v the_o first_o by_o nature_n as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 7._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr gener._n et_fw-la corrupt_a wherefore_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v the_o order_n sense_n sight_n be_v by_o nature_n before_o the_o other_o sense_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o sight_n second_o that_o which_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o rest_n do_v deserve_v the_o first_o place_n but_o sight_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o of_o the_o organ_n also_o yea_o of_o the_o mean_a and_o object_n noble_a and_o more_o noble_a do_v excel_v all_o the_o other_o in_o dignity_n to_o these_o we_o add_v that_o sight_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o our_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o many_o thing_n be_v find_v in_o it_o more_o facile_a and_o easy_a which_o also_o may_v prepare_v the_o mind_n unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o the_o organ_n thereof_o be_v very_o conspicuous_a the_o mean_a be_v manifest_a the_o object_n be_v clear_a and_o other_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v very_o obscure_a be_v perspicuous_a and_o know_v in_o this_o neither_o be_v it_o a_o sufficient_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v this_o sense_n be_v most_o hard_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v qvest._n xvi_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o physician_n we_o come_v now_o unto_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n both_o of_o plato_n of_o galen_n and_o of_o the_o anatomist_n and_o they_o be_v take_v partly_o out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o the_o propriety_n of_o order_n for_o common_a why_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a aristotle_n in_o the_o 37._o text_n of_o his_o 1._o book_n of_o physics_n teach_v that_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a both_o because_o as_o auerhoes_n expound_v it_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o common_a be_v best_a know_v and_o also_o because_o the_o affection_n which_o be_v to_o be_v declare_v do_v primary_o agree_v unto_o
it_o may_v hinder_v the_o respiration_n and_o hurt_v the_o organ_n yet_o a_o odour_n may_v be_v perceive_v without_o a_o mean_a whereupon_o when_o we_o will_v smell_v any_o thing_n perfect_o we_o hold_v our_o nose_n close_o to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o smell_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o those_o sense_n which_o need_v a_o mean_a and_o those_o which_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o taste_v also_o though_o it_o be_v make_v by_o contaction_n yet_o require_v necessary_o a_o humidity_n none_o taste_v and_o touch_v none_o which_o may_v bring_v the_o sapour_n out_o of_o power_n into_o act_n but_o touch_v have_v need_n of_o nothing_o save_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o tactile_a body_n be_v perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o mean_o and_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v plain_a what_o we_o may_v determine_v of_o this_o question_n qvest._n xix_o what_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v and_o of_o what_o kind_n after_o we_o know_v which_o of_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n to_o find_v out_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la be_v &_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o herein_o we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v always_o to_o be_v present_a lest_o when_o all_o thing_n else_o requisite_a for_o sense_n be_v fit_o dispose_v yet_o for_o fault_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la we_o be_v make_v less_o able_a to_o perform_v this_o act_n of_o sensation_n wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o who_o interposition_n we_o perceive_v be_v not_o fire_n for_o this_o be_v not_o always_o air_n fire_n be_v not_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o air_n at_o hand_n but_o air_n for_o this_o do_v always_o encompass_v we_o about_o it_o be_v always_o present_a in_o it_o we_o lead_v our_o life_n second_o this_o medium_n shall_v always_o consist_v in_o a_o middle_a place_n betwixt_o the_o organ_n medium_fw-la 2._o reason_n why_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o object_n for_o hence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o perform_v his_o office_n but_o there_o be_v no_o element_n which_o be_v continual_o contiguous_a with_o our_o organ_n but_o the_o air_n three_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o medium_n be_v void_a of_o all_o sensible_a quality_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v bring_v the_o object_n adulterate_v or_o defile_v to_o the_o organ_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n with_o a_o proper_a quality_n of_o medium_fw-la the_o condition_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la his_o own_o wherefore_o no_o compound_a body_n be_v fit_a for_o this_o function_n because_o all_o compound_a thing_n be_v sensible_a of_o themselves_o if_o you_o object_n that_o there_o be_v no_o element_n exquisite_o pure_a and_o that_o therefore_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v a_o fit_a medium_n be_v themselves_o sensible_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o no_o element_n air_n agree_v with_o no_o element_n except_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o be_v perfect_o pure_a yet_o that_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o wherein_o we_o live_v do_v exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o purity_n and_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o quality_n except_o tactile_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n except_o the_o touch._n and_o be_v there_o then_o one_o medium_n serve_v to_o all_o the_o sense_n yea_o for_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v infer_v from_o the_o former_a premise_n to_o wit_n because_o this_o alone_a be_v most_o pure_a and_o be_v always_o present_a with_o we_o this_o alone_a be_v continual_o in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n this_o be_v always_o close_o adjoin_v and_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n the_o air_n therefore_o alone_o serve_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o the_o sight_n as_o it_o be_v traculent_a to_o the_o hear_v as_o it_o be_v sound_v to_o the_o smell_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o odour_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v the_o only_a mean_a of_o the_o sense_n than_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n have_v no_o sense_n i_o answer_v that_o for_o their_o sight_n the_o water_n serve_v for_o a_o medium_n but_o other_o sense_n they_o have_v none_o say_v placentinus_n save_v their_o taste_n and_o touch_v and_o these_o two_o have_v need_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o they_o have_v these_o sense_n also_o but_o imperfect_a but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o more_o instant_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o grant_v they_o may_v hear_v but_o most_o imperfect_o and_o for_o such_o imperfect_a sensation_n the_o water_n serve_v in_o steed_n of_o a_o medium_n but_o we_o speak_v here_o of_o perfect_a sensation_n where_o as_o the_o sensation_n of_o fish_n be_v not_o simple_o perfect_a but_o only_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n to_o wit_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o it_o last_o this_o condition_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v require_v to_o the_o perfect_a performance_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o spacious_a or_o ample_a and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o narrow_a or_o little_a but_o what_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o extent_n of_o this_o medium_n that_o be_v how_o far_o or_o wide_o it_o ought_v to_o extend_v diverse_a the_o termination_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v diverse_a itself_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v determine_v for_o this_o limit_n or_o extent_n must_v almost_o infinite_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o magnitude_n paruity_n and_o vehemency_n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o vigour_n &_o strength_n or_o imbecility_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o we_o do_v not_o discern_v mountain_n city_n and_o whole_a country_n but_o a_o far_o off_o and_o lesser_a thing_n we_o do_v not_o see_v except_o they_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n so_o we_o do_v not_o perfect_o and_o without_o offence_n to_o the_o organ_n hear_v a_o vehement_a sound_n except_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o object_n nor_o a_o low_a voice_n except_o we_o be_v near_o unto_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v of_o the_o rest_n qvest._n xx._n what_o a_o object_n be_v a_o object_n or_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v a_o quality_n which_o move_v the_o organ_n and_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n and_o although_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v twofold_a a_o object_n be_v twofold_a two_o fold_n proper_a or_o common_a yet_o i_o conceive_v this_o definition_n to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o proper_a object_n unless_o haply_o it_o may_v agree_v to_o some_o of_o the_o common_a &_o therefore_o we_o will_v several_o define_v they_o both_o proper_a object_n therefore_o as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v be_v what_o a_o proper_a object_n be_v perceive_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o about_o which_o the_o sense_n in_o discern_a be_v not_o deceive_v and_o this_o definition_n by_o itself_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v for_o in_o that_o sometime_o the_o sense_n err_v about_o their_o proper_a object_n it_o happen_v not_o of_o themselves_o but_o from_o some_o accident_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o depravation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v concur_v to_o this_o sensation_n as_o for_o example_n when_o all_o thing_n appear_v yellow_a to_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o jaundice_n this_o happen_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v taint_v with_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o choler_n and_o when_o aguish_a man_n do_v judge_v sweet_a thing_n to_o be_v bitter_a it_o come_v also_o from_o choler_n where_o with_o the_o tongue_n be_v affect_v and_o that_o be_v object_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o deceive_v about_o his_o object_n from_o event_n &_o accident_n not_o from_o the_o proper_a condition_n of_o the_o sense_n wherefore_o see_v that_o when_o such_o impediment_n or_o let_n be_v remoove_v and_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o organ_n be_v natural_o dispose_v the_o sense_n can_v be_v deceive_v about_o his_o proper_a object_n it_o be_v by_o good_a right_n thus_o absolute_o define_v for_o the_o number_n of_o these_o object_n they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o be_v the_o sense_n for_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n sound_v of_o hear_v odour_n of_o smell_a sapour_n of_o taste_v and_o tactile_a quality_n be_v how_o many_o proper_a object_n there_o be_v of_o touch_v common_a object_n be_v those_o which_o be_v perceive_v not_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o but_o of_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o which_o aristotle_n teach_v very_o well_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la be_v what_o a_o common_a object_n be_v
to_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n they_o be_v not_o stiff_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v fiery_a but_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o his_o problem_n because_o they_o be_v environ_v with_o abundance_n of_o fat_a which_o fat_a though_o it_o stiff_a why_o not_o stiff_a have_v for_o his_o efficient_a cause_n a_o defect_n or_o weakness_n of_o heat_n yet_o not_o withstand_v by_o his_o reflection_n it_o do_v augment_v the_o heat_n and_o by_o his_o sliminesse_n do_v hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n which_o beat_v upon_o they_o to_o these_o we_o join_v the_o plenty_n of_o animal_n spirit_n and_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n qvest._n xxv_o wherefore_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o organ_n must_v be_v devoyde_a of_o any_o quality_n lest_o all_o thing_n shall_v savour_n of_o that_o same_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n but_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o sight_n they_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v colour_v for_o if_o they_o be_v all_o thing_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n for_o all_o thing_n appear_v red_a to_o those_o that_o labour_n of_o a_o inflammation_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o have_v the_o blood_n collect_v in_o they_o by_o a_o blow_n or_o stripe_n or_o otherwise_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o jaundice_n because_o their_o eye_n be_v colour_v with_o yellow_a choler_n do_v see_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v yellow_a on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v colour_v even_o our_o own_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o for_o some_o man_n be_v walleyed_n some_o man_n eye_n black_a some_o man_n sky-coloured_a and_o other_o greenish_a and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n we_o answer_v according_a to_o aristotle_n that_o the_o name_n of_o colour_n be_v sometime_o colour_n a_o double_a acceptation_n of_o colour_n use_v more_o large_o sometime_o more_o strict_o in_o this_o large_a signification_n all_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v see_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v so_o translucent_a thing_n though_o that_o can_v limit_v or_o determine_v the_o sight_n yet_o be_v they_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n of_o colour_n call_v the_o air_n white_a and_o the_o fire_n red_a but_o there_o be_v another_o acception_n of_o colour_n more_o strict_a whereby_o it_o be_v define_v thus_o a_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o a_o terminate_v pellucide_n body_n in_o the_o first_o signification_n the_o whole_a eye_n be_v colour_v all_o his_o part_n be_v colour_v because_o they_o be_v aspectible_a and_o may_v be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o latter_a signification_n only_o the_o coniunctive_a colour_v how_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v and_o grapy_a coat_n be_v true_o colour_v for_o the_o adnata_fw-la be_v white_a the_o grapy_n be_v diverse_o colour_v black_a blue_a and_o grass-green_a to_o recollect_v the_o spirit_n that_o be_v before_o dissipate_v or_o disperse_v that_o it_o may_v break_v the_o splendour_n of_o the_o externallight_n and_o that_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n may_v be_v as_o it_o be_v refresh_v with_o that_o colour_n as_o with_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o vision_n which_o receive_v the_o species_n of_o visible_a thing_n and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o colour_a but_o bright_a and_o lucide_n only_o now_o light_a and_o perspicuity_n or_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o visible_a species_n which_o help_v the_o reception_n of_o these_o species_n aristotle_n have_v observe_v in_o lib._n 5._o chap._n 1._o de_fw-la generate_fw-la animal_n which_o also_o pliny_n repeat_v in_o lib._n 2._o cap._n â—7_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o only_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v of_o manifold_a &_o diverse_a colour_n in_o other_o creature_n the_o eye_n be_v all_o alike_o according_a to_o their_o kind_n so_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o ox_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n of_o sheep_n watery_a of_o other_o creature_n red_a except_v a_o horse_n which_o be_v sometime_o wall_n eye_v but_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v diverse_o colour_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n some_o be_v extreme_a some_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n the_o extreme_a colour_n be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n galen_n and_o avicen_n two_o namely_o the_o whitish_a or_o wall_n colour_n eye_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o black_a this_o wall-colour_n be_v somewhat_o whitish_a and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 5._o book_n de_fw-la gener_fw-la animal_n and_o galen_n cap._n 27._o artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o wall-colour_n to_o black_a this_o caesius_n or_o wall-coloured_n the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o night-owle_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o eye_n shine_v with_o a_o greenish_a whiteness_n some_o do_v confound_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o though_o either_o colour_n do_v somewhat_o tend_v to_o green_a yet_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o wal-coloured_n do_v approach_n near_o to_o white_a &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a unto_o red._n aristotle_n in_o his_o physiognomy_n of_o the_o eye_n affirm_v this_o wall-colour_n in_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o fearful_a man_n but_o this_o tawny_a colour_n of_o a_o bold_a and_o stout_a courage_n therefore_o the_o eye_n of_o lion_n and_o eagle_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a but_o the_o eye_n of_o old_a man_n and_o child_n to_o be_v wall_n colour_v either_o colour_n do_v shine_v but_o that_o brightness_n which_o be_v in_o wall_n eye_n be_v more_o white_a like_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o fish_n in_o tawny_a eye_n the_o splendour_n be_v fiery_a as_o it_o be_v in_o burn_a coal_n the_o intermediate_v or_o mix_v colour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diverse_a mixture_n of_o the_o extreme_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n according_a empedocles_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n empedocles_n to_o the_o diversity_n of_o man_n empedocles_n compose_v the_o eye_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n wherefore_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o wall-colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o predominance_n of_o the_o fire_n &_o the_o black_a from_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n aristotle_n in_o his_o five_o book_n degeneratione_n animalium_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o humour_n which_o he_o do_v illustrate_v by_o this_o example_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o we_o look_v into_o a_o deep_a water_n or_o into_o thick_a air_n they_o will_v both_o seem_v aristotle_n aristotle_n black_a and_o obscure_a but_o if_o either_o of_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o thin_a the_o colour_n will_v appear_v tawny_a and_o splendent_a the_o blackness_n therefore_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v from_o the_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n of_o humour_n the_o wall_n eye_n be_v from_o the_o paucity_n and_o scarsenesse_n auerrhoe_n think_v that_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o eye_n proceed_v from_o coldness_n because_o auerrhoe_n auerrhoe_n for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o white_a thing_n be_v cold_a as_o the_o brain_n the_o fat_a the_o marrow_n the_o bone_n the_o membrane_n and_o blackness_n from_o heat_n galen_n in_o the_o 27_o chapter_n artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n splendour_n opinion_n galens_n opinion_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o crystalline_a and_o watery_a humour_n for_o say_v he_o a_o wall_n eye_n come_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n or_o splendour_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o because_o of_o the_o prominent_a &_o bunch_v situation_n and_o also_o the_o paucity_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o thin_a and_o watery_a humour_n but_o a_o black_a eye_n come_v either_o from_o the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o from_o the_o over-deepe_a situation_n of_o it_o or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o exquisite_o splendid_a and_o clear_a or_o because_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v too_o abundant_a and_o yet_o not_o altogether_o pure_a thus_o far_o galen_n avicen_n refer_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o grapie_a coat_n which_o as_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n it_o be_v diverse_o colour_a itself_o so_o it_o do_v produce_v diverse_a colour_n in_o the_o eye_n a_o black_a coat_n cause_v black_a colour_n as_o a_o bluish_a coat_n a_o colour_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o his_o opinion_n do_v vesalius_n follow_v but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o may_v reconcile_v the_o different_a opinion_n of_o so_o grave_a author_n we_o do_v acknowledge_v
kind_n of_o darkness_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o no_o colour_n at_o all_o notwithstanding_o they_o prove_v that_o colour_n do_v agree_v unto_o the_o element_n &_o objection_n objection_n especial_o simple_a colour_n as_o white_a and_o black_a because_o they_o be_v simple_a and_o as_o a_o mix_a body_n be_v make_v of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n so_o say_v they_o from_o the_o mixtion_n of_o white_a and_o black_a mix_v colour_n be_v generate_v and_o this_o be_v their_o argument_n that_o which_o agree_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o participation_n do_v also_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o essence_n but_o both_o extreme_a colour_n and_o those_o which_o be_v intermix_v do_v agree_v unto_o mix_a body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o element_n whence_o they_o conclude_v resolution_n resolution_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o simple_a colour_n that_o be_v white_z and_o black_a do_v essential_o agree_v unto_o the_o element_n to_o which_o we_o will_v answer_v by_o deny_v the_o mayor_n proposition_n for_o many_o thing_n do_v belong_v to_o a_o body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o another_o which_o may_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o that_o body_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o consider_v so_o to_o the_o element_n which_o be_v here_o with_o we_o very_o turbulent_a and_o confuse_a many_o thing_n do_v agree_v which_o no_o man_n of_o understanding_n dare_v assign_v unto_o the_o simple_a and_o sincere_a element_n as_o for_o example_n our_o fire_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kindle_v and_o flame_a smoke_n be_v colour_v perspicuous_a and_o bright_a yet_o the_o elementary_a fire_n we_o imagine_v to_o be_v pure_a &_o most_o subtle_a from_o which_o as_o from_o a_o fountain_n we_o do_v flow_v yet_o have_v none_o of_o these_o gross_a quality_n which_o our_o fire_n have_v for_o be_v exceed_o subtle_a &_o fine_a it_o have_v no_o solid_a substance_n admix_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o affect_v with_o any_o colour_n neither_o be_v it_o lucid_a and_o transparent_a for_o colour_n consist_v in_o such_o a_o body_n as_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o light_n do_v not_o shine_v in_o a_o subtle_a and_o thin_a body_n but_o in_o a_o dense_n or_o thick_a body_n we_o grant_v therefore_o for_o the_o present_a that_o in_o mix_a body_n colour_n do_v result_v or_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o concursion_n of_o the_o element_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o element_n be_v pure_a and_o not_o defile_v with_o the_o stain_n of_o other_o compound_a matter_n shall_v be_v taint_v with_o such_o colour_n as_o be_v say_v to_o colour_n how_o the_o element_n generate_v colour_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o body_n as_o accident_n be_v in_o the_o subject_n because_o the_o second_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o first_o which_o to_o ascribe_v to_o these_o simple_a body_n be_v very_o eroneous_a wherefore_o the_o element_n do_v not_o primary_o generate_v colour_n in_o mix_a body_n but_o secondary_o that_o be_v not_o as_o they_o retain_v their_o proper_a nature_n but_o as_o they_o lay_v it_o aside_o and_o so_o do_v conspire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o the_o element_n can_v concur_v in_o one_o and_o so_o make_v a_o mix_a body_n unless_o they_o suffer_v a_o alteration_n both_o according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n &_o so_o they_o do_v as_o it_o be_v put_v off_o their_o proper_a be_v or_o essence_n that_o by_o this_o mutual_a embrace_v and_o conjunction_n they_o may_v produce_v a_o compound_n body_n if_o therefore_o they_o neither_o retain_v their_o substance_n nor_o their_o first_o quality_n which_o the_o ancient_n esteem_v as_o their_o essential_a form_n how_o shall_v they_o reserve_v entire_a to_o themselves_o those_o colour_n which_o be_v their_o second_o quality_n that_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n shall_v proceed_v from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o simple_a element_n wherefore_o colour_n do_v belong_v to_o mix_v body_n primary_o and_o by_o themselves_o that_o be_v essential_o and_o not_o by_o participation_n and_o so_o we_o will_v pass_v by_o this_o argument_n not_o meddle_v with_o the_o sophistry_n of_o their_o syllogism_n which_o every_o one_o that_o run_v may_v perceive_v qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o generation_n of_o colour_n and_o of_o their_o form_n we_o have_v determine_v already_o that_o true_a colour_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o element_n mix_v among_o themselves_o and_o not_o from_o their_o first_o quality_n to_o wit_n the_o colour_n the_o original_n of_o colour_n heat_n cold_a humidity_n and_o siccity_n as_o some_o have_v think_v though_o indeed_o almost_o all_o second_o quality_n do_v consist_v of_o these_o but_o colour_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o element_n from_o which_o form_n as_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a accident_n they_o be_v derive_v that_o be_v colour_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o perspicuity_n and_o opacitie_n of_o the_o element_n proportion_v together_o for_o three_o of_o the_o element_n be_v perspicuous_a the_o fire_n the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v more_o transparent_a than_o the_o air_n and_o the_o air_n than_o water_n only_o the_o earth_n be_v dark_a when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o three_o other_o it_o do_v determine_v their_o perspicuity_n and_o so_o induce_v a_o colour_n into_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o their_o transparency_n and_o perspicuity_n be_v condense_v and_o make_v more_o crass_a and_o thick_a so_o that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v tralucent_a and_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n and_o then_o colour_n necessary_o colour_v that_o which_o determine_v the_o sight_n be_v colour_v follow_v for_o to_o terminate_v the_o sight_n in_o his_o superficies_n be_v to_o be_v colour_v because_o nothing_o can_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o by_o some_o colour_n a_o colour_n therefore_o arise_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o a_o transparent_a body_n by_o that_o which_o be_v dark_a in_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o element_n for_o when_o the_o transparent_a body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n cease_v to_o be_v transparent_a it_o become_v colour_v and_o in_o his_o superficies_n do_v move_v the_o sight_n body_n colour_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n hence_o appear_v their_o error_n who_o suppose_v a_o double_a nature_n of_o colour_n be_v signify_v in_o that_o definition_n which_o we_o have_v give_v see_v aristotle_n call_v it_o the_o extremity_n or_o outside_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tralucent_a body_n be_v not_o a_o colour_n but_o that_o which_o like_o a_o accident_n do_v inhere_o in_o the_o extremity_n or_o superficies_n or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o extreme_a outside_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o splendent_a body_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o colour_n produce_v from_o elsewhere_o do_v by_o his_o adumbration_n or_o circumscription_n determine_v the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenuitie_n be_v what_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v of_o his_o part_n do_v transmit_v the_o light_n and_o so_o appear_v yet_o do_v not_o determine_v the_o sight_n where_o therefore_o the_o sight_n be_v determine_v there_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la must_v end_v for_o except_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sight_n will_v yet_o proceed_v further_o beyond_o it_o but_o the_o sight_n be_v terminate_v only_o by_o colour_n and_o therefore_o colour_n be_v right_o call_v the_o term_n or_o bond_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n in_o the_o dark_a but_o only_o a_o kind_n of_o faculty_n colour_n of_o the_o form_n of_o colour_n and_o beginning_n where_o of_o colour_n do_v arise_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o a_o matter_n illustrate_v by_o illumination_n which_o serve_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o form_n of_o which_o sect_n epicurus_n be_v as_o lucretius_n say_v praterea_fw-la quoniam_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la sine_fw-la luce_fw-fr colores_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luce_n existunt_fw-la primor_fw-la dia_z rerum_fw-la scire_fw-la licet_fw-la quo_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaevis_fw-la velata_fw-la colore_fw-la qualis_fw-la enim_fw-la coecis_fw-la poterit_fw-la colour_n esse_fw-la tenebris_fw-la lumine_fw-la qui_fw-la mutatur_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la propterea_fw-la quod_fw-la recta_fw-la out_o obliqua_fw-la percussus_fw-la luce_n refulget_fw-la again_o because_o no_o colour_n can_v without_o the_o light_n appear_v who_o shall_v discern_v what_o colour_a mask_n the_o element_n do_v wear_v unless_o the_o light_n do_v unto_o he_o their_o several_a hue_n bewray_v and_o what_o man_n can_v the_o colour_n blaze_v which_o in_o blind_a darkness_n stay_v because_o in_o light_a all_o colour_n change_v and_o shine_v as_o they_o be_v smite_v with_o the_o oblique_a or_o direct_a ray_n which_o from_o the_o light_n do_v flit_v and_o he_o maintain_v his_o
definition_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o sound_n may_v be_v describe_v sometime_o one_o way_n and_o sometime_o another_o to_o wit_n either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o again_o what_o hinder_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v not_o sometime_o be_v define_v accident_n one_o absolute_a definition_n of_o one_o accident_n absolute_o sometime_o relative_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v change_v under_o the_o same_o name_n or_o appellation_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o a_o sound_n here_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o definition_n of_o one_o thing_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o there_o be_v but_o one_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a or_o else_o they_o be_v all_o imperfect_a and_o defective_a again_o one_o definition_n be_v conceive_v or_o write_v absolute_o another_o relative_o let_v it_o not_o then_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o man_n that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n according_a to_o a_o diverse_a acception_n thereof_o 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sense_n or_o else_o but_o a_o little_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o grave_n base_a or_o a_o obtuse_a sound_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a continuance_n be_v divide_v into_o that_o which_o either_o in_o this_o short_a continuance_n do_v great_o move_v the_o sense_n or_o in_o the_o acure_v acure_v same_o time_n do_v move_v it_o very_o little_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o acute_a or_o treble_a sound_n &_o it_o be_v opposite_a to_o a_o grave_n or_o base_a sound_n and_o both_o these_o have_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o tactile_a quality_n which_o do_v proper_o challenge_v these_o name_n to_o themselves_o a_o acute_a sound_n have_v his_o name_n from_o a_o sharp_a or_o acute_a heat_n or_o cold_a for_o as_o these_o quality_n do_v easy_o penetrate_v obtuse_a obtuse_a any_o body_n so_o this_o the_o sense_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n cause_v much_o sensation_n a_o obtuse_a sound_n have_v his_o name_n from_o obtuse_a or_o dull_a heat_n and_o cold_a because_o it_o do_v much_o 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manifoulde_v concursion_n this_o kind_n of_o sound_n be_v again_o distinguish_v some_o be_v make_v by_o allision_n as_o when_o the_o air_n move_v by_o a_o vehement_a wind_n do_v beat_v against_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sound_n when_o the_o lung_n do_v deliver_v over_o the_o air_n or_o breath_n unto_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o wrought_v artery_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o wheeze_a or_o whistle_v there_o arise_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o sound_n when_o the_o air_n beat_v against_o wind_n the_o sound_n of_o wind_n other_o air_n as_o it_o be_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v high_a for_o at_o such_o time_n in_o the_o open_a field_n a_o man_n shall_v hear_v a_o whistle_a noise_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sound_a rise_n from_o coition_n coition_n i_o mean_v or_o conjunction_n of_o the_o air_n as_o when_o cloth_n or_o paper_n be_v tear_v for_o then_o to_o avoid_v vacuity_n the_o part_n of_o cloth_n of_o cloth_n the_o air_n do_v sudden_o conjoin_v 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by_o that_o compress_v there_o be_v a_o expression_n of_o excrement_n into_o the_o cartilagineous_a or_o gristlie_a passage_n and_o so_o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o tongue_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v now_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o smell_n qvest._n xlv_o what_o smell_a be_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v by_o nature_n make_v as_o well_o for_o respiration_n as_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a we_o have_v before_o declare_v but_o what_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a smell_v the_o desfinitiof_n smell_v that_o we_o do_v undertake_v in_o this_o place_n more_o precise_o to_o unfold_v smell_a therefore_o be_v the_o middle_a sense_n of_o five_o which_o perceive_v the_o odour_n of_o thing_n draw_v in_o by_o the_o nostril_n for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o creature_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o also_o we_o have_v a_o little_a touch_v before_o whether_o to_o the_o action_n of_o this_o sense_n the_o inspiration_n of_o air_n together_o with_o the_o odour_n be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o yet_o the_o stream_n and_o current_n of_o man_n opinion_n as_o well_o philosopher_n as_o physician_n run_v upon_o the_o affirmative_a part_n for_o if_o we_o desire_v or_o be_v willing_a to_o endeavour_n ourselves_o to_o smell_v smell_v whether_o inspiration_n be_v necessary_a to_o smell_v any_o thing_n more_o curious_o we_o draw_v the_o air_n in_o at_o our_o nostril_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o can_v smell_v in_o the_o water_n because_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v fill_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o organ_n placentinus_n be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o allege_v aristotle_n for_o his_o author_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_n he_o say_v that_o nature_n do_v but_o collateral_o use_v respiration_n in_o the_o attraction_n of_o odour_n which_o respiration_n say_v he_o she_o destinate_a primary_o to_o another_o end_n if_o therefore_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o smell_n than_o it_o follow_v that_o nature_n ordain_v it_o primary_o for_o that_o end_n for_o say_v he_o this_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o nature_n that_o whatsoever_o in_o our_o body_n do_v necessary_o belong_v to_o any_o function_n that_o be_v primary_o appoint_v for_o that_o function_n and_o do_v not_o sort_n unto_o it_o by_o error_n chance_n or_o accident_n see_v therefore_o the_o primary_n and_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n be_v to_o refresh_v and_o cherish_v the_o heart_n and_o his_o spirit_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o necessary_a for_o smell_a indeed_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v have_v diverse_a use_n but_o the_o principal_a and_o primary_n use_n be_v but_o one_o for_o which_o only_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o the_o rest_n accommodate_v only_o secondary_o or_o by_o accident_n again_o if_o a_o odour_n of_o itself_o be_v fit_a to_o ascend_v unto_o his_o own_o organ_n why_o shall_v we_o think_v that_o respiration_n shall_v be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a now_o a_o odout_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v afterward_o and_o exhalation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n do_v tend_v or_o move_v upward_o if_o then_o they_o ascend_v natural_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v that_o a_o sweet_a and_o please_a breath_n may_v rise_v into_o the_o nostril_n and_o pass_v on_o unto_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v without_o any_o attraction_n of_o the_o air_n placentinus_n add_v another_o argument_n which_o he_o call_v invincible_a take_v from_o those_o woman_n that_o be_v hysterical_a that_o be_v have_v fit_n of_o the_o mother_n for_o such_o woman_n although_o they_o have_v no_o respiration_n at_o all_o do_v yet_o receive_v and_o perceive_v odour_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o smell_n fit_v of_o the_o mother_n be_v holpen_v by_o smell_n be_v almost_o miraculous_o redeem_v or_o recover_v by_o they_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v unto_o the_o womb_n itself_o do_v it_o not_o smell_v yet_o no_o man_n do_v ever_o say_v that_o the_o womb_n do_v respire_v but_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o it_o take_v so_o great_a pleasure_n in_o sweet_a smell_v and_o be_v so_o offend_v savour_n the_o womb_n follow_v sweet_a savour_n with_o that_o which_o be_v noisome_a and_o abominable_a that_o it_o move_v and_o appli_v itself_o manifest_o unto_o the_o one_o and_o avoyd_v the_o other_o even_o with_o local_a and_o methematicall_a motion_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n we_o can_v smell_v and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n objection_n sense_n be_v not_o accomplish_v without_o inspiration_n placentinus_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o nose_n and_o the_o breath_n retain_v no_o sense_n will_v be_v make_v solution_n solution_n and_o those_o who_o urge_v experience_n be_v deceive_v in_o their_o experiment_n for_o the_o breath_n can_v be_v so_o retain_v that_o nothing_o 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subtle_a and_o fluid_n element_n and_o will_v find_v way_n through_o insensible_a passage_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o instinct_n in_o the_o muscle_n serve_v to_o respitation_n &_o that_o this_o instinct_n may_v do_v much_o we_o may_v easy_o conjecture_v because_o though_o a_o muscle_n be_v otherwise_o a_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n yet_o even_o in_o sleep_n when_o all_o election_n be_v absent_a and_o the_o will_n especial_o unto_o motion_n be_v at_o rest_n as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n yet_o even_o then_o the_o intercostall_a muscle_n and_o the_o midriff_n which_o serve_v for_o respiration_n do_v follow_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n and_o move_v as_o free_o as_o when_o we_o be_v awake_a shall_v we_o therefore_o conceive_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o necessity_n or_o a_o great_a when_o we_o ourselves_o do_v voluntary_o seek_v to_o oppose_v and_o frustate_v the_o end_n of_o nature_n she_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a without_o our_o knowledge_n and_o against_o our_o will_n to_o let_v out_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o may_v suffice_v for_o this_o her_o purpose_n of_o air_n i_o say_v which_o be_v so_o subtle_a &_o fluid_a a_o body_n that_o it_o will_v issue_v at_o the_o least_o cranny_n and_o yield_v unto_o the_o least_o impulsion_n or_o violence_n experience_n confirm_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o if_o you_o burn_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v odoriferous_a under_o the_o nose_n and_o retain_v your_o breath_n you_o shall_v find_v nay_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o that_o fume_n will_v be_v move_v on_o this_o side_n and_o on_o that_o side_n which_o no_o doubt_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o pass_v and_o repass_v outward_a and_o inward_a but_o if_o it_o get_v within_o the_o nostril_n than_o it_o be_v present_o smell_v as_o any_o man_n that_o listen_v to_o try_v may_v
degree_n contrary_a &_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n but_o when_o sensation_n be_v make_v they_o must_v grow_v to_o be_v alike_o wherefore_o if_o the_o organ_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o difference_n betwixt_o it_o &_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o object_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o consent_v better_a together_o and_o the_o organ_n yield_v more_o easy_o towards_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o do_v importune_v it_o but_o we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o odour_n qvest._n xlvii_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o odour_n heraclitus_n as_o aristotle_n remember_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensuâ—t_fw-la odour_n heraclitus_n opinion_n of_o odour_n sensili_fw-la conceive_v that_o odour_n be_v a_o fumide_a exhalation_n say_v that_o if_o all_o being_n have_v be_v fumide_a the_o nose_n will_v have_v discern_v of_o all_o aristotle_n reply_v upon_o he_o on_o this_o manner_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o heraclitus_n collect_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v not_o smell_v for_o in_o the_o water_n there_o can_v be_v no_o fumide_a or_o smoky_a exhalation_n generate_v but_o that_o fish_n do_v smell_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o choice_n of_o their_o meat_n which_o aristotle_n persuade_v himself_o they_o make_v by_o smell_a we_o say_v placentinus_n have_v other_o reason_n against_o this_o opinion_n first_o because_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n be_v a_o substance_n for_o it_o subsi_v by_o itself_o and_o sustain_v accident_n and_o therefore_o natural_o and_o by_o his_o own_o motion_n we_o perceive_v that_o it_o mount_v upward_o now_o than_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v a_o fumide_a exhalation_n it_o can_v not_o be_v by_o it_o sselfe_n sensible_a for_o no_o substance_n do_v by_o itself_o fall_v under_o any_o sense_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o odour_n do_v by_o itself_o and_o immediate_o work_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_a it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n attain_v to_o the_o nostril_n move_v the_o heraclitus_n placentinus_n refutation_n of_o heraclitus_n sense_n of_o smell_a but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o such_o a_o exhalation_n be_v a_o odour_n rather_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o odour_n have_v his_o subsistence_n in_o the_o exhalation_n as_o in_o her_o subject_n for_o accident_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v without_o their_o subject_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o place_n in_o galen_n near_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr edoratus_fw-la organo_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o prove_v this_o opinion_n of_o heraclitus_n to_o be_v true_a expound_v a_o place_n of_o galen_n expound_v the_o word_n be_v these_o that_o fall_v into_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n and_o water_n to_o wit_n such_o a_o thing_n as_o be_v neither_o so_o thin_a as_o air_n nor_o so_o thick_a as_o water_n for_o that_o which_o exhale_v or_o vapour_v from_o the_o hody_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o substance_n of_o odour_n which_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o rose_n and_o the_o like_a tender_a plant_n who_o body_n do_v quick_o become_v less_o crumple_v and_o dry_a upwhence_o we_o may_v certain_o gather_v that_o the_o more_o humid_a part_n of_o their_o substance_n be_v resolve_v in_o toexhalation_n thus_o far_o galen_n andanswered_a andanswered_a we_o answer_v that_o galen_n say_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o a_o odour_n be_v a_o exhalation_n by_o substance_n there_o mean_v the_o subject_n wherein_o the_o odour_n do_v consist_v for_o it_o have_v be_v a_o gross_a thing_n in_o galen_n and_o unworthy_a the_o edge_n of_o so_o keen_a a_o philosopher_n if_o he_o have_v attribute_v substance_n to_o a_o odour_n which_o have_v no_o existence_n of_o itself_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o example_n of_o rose_n we_o will_v give_v he_o this_o satisfaction_n that_o galen_n do_v not_o conclude_v that_o rose_n therefore_o do_v become_v lesser_a and_o dry_a because_o their_o moyst_a part_n be_v exhale_v into_o odour_n but_o he_o say_v that_o their_o moist_a part_n turn_v into_o a_o exhalation_n and_o he_o say_v true_a for_o a_o exhalation_n which_o be_v a_o substance_n absume_v the_o humidity_n of_o the_o body_n out_o of_o which_o it_o issue_v and_o diminish_v the_o same_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v but_o diminish_v when_o a_o substantial_a part_n be_v take_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o a_o odour_n be_v not_o a_o substantial_a part_n neither_o be_v it_o make_v of_o a_o part_n but_o subsi_v in_o the_o whole_a subject_n and_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o accident_n or_o a_o incorporeal_a quality_n so_o that_o out_o of_o these_o word_n of_o galen_n we_o may_v gather_v this_o excellent_a point_n of_o learning_n that_o where_o he_o say_v that_o which_o exhale_v from_o the_o body_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o substance_n of_o a_o odour_n he_o do_v wise_o signify_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o the_o odour_n do_v arise_v which_o be_v the_o body_n and_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o do_v inhere_o which_o be_v the_o exhalation_n whereas_o therefore_o he_o say_v that_o the_o exhalation_n be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o odour_n he_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o the_o odour_n be_v a_o substance_n but_o be_v a_o accident_n that_o it_o do_v subsist_v in_o this_o substane_n as_o in_o his_o subject_n but_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n of_o heraclitus_n there_o be_v some_o objection_n make_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o odour_n itself_o be_v a_o fumide_a substance_n because_o it_o perform_v many_o thing_n pliny_n a_o story_n out_o of_o pliny_n which_o can_v be_v do_v but_o only_o by_o a_o substance_n and_o first_o a_o creature_n may_v thereby_o be_v nourish_v for_o which_o they_o allege_v pliny_n in_o the_o 2._o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o eastern_a india_n about_o the_o fountain_n or_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ganges_n there_o be_v a_o nation_n without_o mouth_n who_o he_o call_v astomy_n hairy_a all_o over_o their_o body_n and_o clothe_v astomy_n the_o astomy_n with_o the_o leaf_n of_o tree_n they_o live_v of_o nothing_o but_o exhalation_n and_o odour_n which_o they_o draw_v in_o through_o their_o nose_n meat_n they_o have_v none_o nor_o drink_n only_o they_o use_v to_o smell_v upon_o certain_a root_n and_o flower_n and_o wild_a apple_n which_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o when_o they_o traveil_n far_o that_o they_o may_v not_o want_v something_o to_o smell_v to_o these_o man_n be_v easy_o stifle_v with_o a_o strong_a odour_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o democritus_n who_o they_o say_v sustain_v his_o life_n four_o day_n with_o the_o smell_n of_o honey_n or_o hot_a bread_n we_o answer_v with_o aristotle_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n democritus_n democritus_n desensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_o he_o ascribe_v this_o opinion_n to_o the_o pythagorian_n that_o such_o strange_a report_n be_v mere_a fable_n unworthy_a the_o credit_n of_o a_o history_n because_o they_o abhor_v so_o much_o from_o reason_n for_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v nourish_v must_v be_v convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o live_a pliny_n reason_n against_o pliny_n body_n now_o that_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a can_v possible_o be_v convert_v into_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n wherefore_o odour_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o incorporeal_a accident_n and_o therefore_o not_o change_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n can_v become_v a_o nourishment_n thereto_o beside_o all_o creature_n have_v some_o place_n in_o their_o belly_n which_o receive_v their_o meat_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o body_n draw_v that_o which_o sustain_v it_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o odour_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o head_n from_o whence_o no_o member_n of_o the_o creature_n seek_v for_o nourishment_n they_o urge_v further_o the_o example_n cook_n who_o because_o they_o be_v busy_a in_o boil_v and_o roast_v viand_n for_o other_o man_n do_v receive_v so_o many_o odour_n from_o they_o that_o they_o scarce_o stomach_n why_o cook_n have_v no_o good_a stomach_n ever_o be_v a_o hungry_a or_o desire_v meat_n but_o rather_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o smell_n do_v loath_a the_o substance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v common_o think_v that_o these_o smell_n do_v satisfy_v and_o cloy_v they_o but_o we_o deny_v that_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o odour_n of_o meat_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o desire_v not_o meat_n as_o other_o man_n be_v either_o because_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o proverb_n they_o can_v lick_v their_o own_o finger_n that_o be_v taste_v a_o little_a of_o every_o thing_n they_o insensible_o fill_v their_o stomach_n or_o be_v always_o about_o the_o fire_n their_o pore_n be_v open_v
and_o the_o inward_a heat_n dissipate_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o move_v and_o solicit_v the_o appetite_n which_o also_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o every_o man_n in_o winter_n eat_v more_o than_o he_o do_v in_o summer_n or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o they_o be_v dry_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o become_v thirsty_a and_o drink_v often_o insomuch_o that_o the_o stomach_n be_v relax_v or_o loosen_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o drink_n become_v languide_v and_o so_o the_o appetite_n be_v break_v or_o we_o may_v say_v further_o that_o be_v very_o dry_v they_o can_v be_v hungry_a because_o aristotle_n say_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n a_o man_n shall_v vehement_o desire_v both_o meat_n and_o drink_n it_o be_v further_a object_v that_o as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n &_o objection_n objection_n sensi_fw-la which_o also_o be_v prove_v true_a by_o experience_n that_o when_o we_o be_v full_a we_o loathe_v the_o smell_n of_o meat_n but_o delight_n in_o the_o smell_n of_o spice_n and_o rose_n if_o therefore_o the_o odour_n of_o meat_n do_v not_o nourish_v a_o full_a stomach_n will_v no_o more_o abhor_v the_o odour_n of_o meat_n then_o of_o rose_n or_o spice_n solution_n solution_n but_o we_o answer_v that_o this_o satiety_n happen_v not_o because_o of_o the_o odour_n but_o because_o of_o the_o steam_n or_o exhalation_n wherein_o the_o odour_n be_v for_o we_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o steam_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n nourish_v but_o the_o odour_n of_o rose_n which_o have_v for_o his_o subject_n a_o more_o subtle_a exhalation_n be_v better_a please_v unto_o we_o especial_o because_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o fragrant_a and_o acceptable_a whereas_o the_o smell_n of_o meat_n be_v never_o please_v but_o when_o we_o be_v a_o hungry_a we_o conclude_v therefore_o with_o aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v that_o odour_n do_v not_o at_o all_o nourish_v other_o dispute_v more_o probable_o do_v make_v according_a to_o galen_n two_o kind_n of_o nourishment_n one_o which_o be_v take_v by_o the_o mouth_n and_o nourish_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o the_o body_n another_o which_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o nostril_n which_o nourish_v the_o thin_a &_o airy_a reason_n some_o say_v that_o odour_n nourish_v the_o spirit_n their_o reason_n part_n as_o the_o spirit_n for_o galen_n affirm_v that_o the_o spirit_n do_v feed_v upon_o air_n and_o odour_n wherefore_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o spirit_n they_o attribute_v unto_o odour_n and_o the_o rather_o be_v they_o induce_v so_o to_o think_v because_o nasty_a and_o abominable_a smell_n do_v make_v man_n oftentimes_o swoon_v yea_o and_o such_o exhalation_n arise_v from_o dead_a carcase_n or_o muddy_a fen_n do_v infect_v the_o air_n and_o breed_v a_o pestilence_n add_v hereto_o that_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o odour_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o flower_n of_o bean_n as_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o field_n do_v often_o drive_v traveller_n into_o a_o deliration_n or_o light_a madness_n as_o levinus_n lemnius_n have_v observe_v and_o plutarch_n say_v that_o by_o the_o smell_n of_o ointment_n cat_n do_v grow_v mad_a moreover_o physician_n do_v consent_v that_o the_o smell_n of_o spice_n do_v breed_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o pain_n or_o dull_a answer_n answer_n stupidity_n and_o fullness_n in_o the_o head_n add_v hereto_o that_o many_o odour_n or_o smell_n be_v able_a to_o refresh_v a_o man_n when_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o swoon_v or_o faint_v away_o they_o exhilerate_v or_o cheer_v the_o heart_n and_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v they_o correct_v the_o distemper_n of_o the_o brain_n all_o these_o thing_n we_o confess_v be_v true_a if_o they_o be_v understand_v of_o that_o vaporous_a or_o airy_a exhalation_n or_o substance_n wherein_o the_o odour_n be_v transport_v for_o by_o that_o mean_n or_o in_o that_o respect_n only_o the_o odour_n be_v say_v to_o nourish_v the_o spirit_n and_o galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr compositione_n medicamentorum_fw-la secundum_fw-la locos_fw-la and_o the_o 4._o chapter_n write_v that_o if_o with_o the_o odour_n there_o be_v also_o many_o vapour_n associate_v then_o say_v he_o such_o odour_n have_v some_o faculty_n to_o nourish_v but_o if_o we_o understand_v by_o odour_n the_o simple_a object_n of_o the_o smell_n naked_a and_o separate_v from_o exhalation_n it_o be_v utter_o false_a that_o they_o say_v for_o although_o that_o vaporous_a substance_n wherein_o the_o odor_n be_v convey_v do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o other_o quality_n concommitate_v or_o accompany_v the_o odour_n cherish_v and_o refresh_v the_o spirit_n and_o perform_v those_o other_o good_a office_n which_o we_o have_v remember_v yet_o it_o follow_v not_o from_o hence_o that_o a_o odour_n be_v a_o substance_n rather_o that_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n of_o a_o substance_n because_o it_o do_v inhere_o in_o the_o forename_a qualify_a vapour_n but_o we_o will_v come_v unto_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o odour_n qvest._n xlviii_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o odour_n a_o odour_n be_v a_o quality_n move_v the_o smell_n arise_v out_o of_o a_o fit_a mixtion_n of_o the_o four_o element_n wherein_o heat_n and_o moisture_n have_v the_o predominance_n for_o we_o conceive_v be_v what_o a_o odour_n be_v with_o aristotle_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la that_o in_o the_o pure_a and_o sincere_a element_n there_o be_v no_o odour_n at_o all_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chapter_n render_v the_o reason_n because_o they_o can_v have_v no_o taste_n unless_o they_o be_v mingle_v for_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o smell_n that_o be_v the_o sapour_fw-la and_o the_o savour_n or_o odour_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o sapour_n there_o be_v more_o moisture_n in_o odour_n more_o siccity_n notwithstanding_o in_o odour_n the_o siccity_n be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n without_o some_o humour_n for_o those_o thing_n that_o wither_v and_o be_v torrify_v do_v loose_v their_o odour_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o ash_n of_o juniper_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o all_o the_o humour_n be_v consume_v the_o odour_n or_o smell_n vanish_v also_o therewithal_o again_o some_o that_o be_v over-dryed_n recover_v their_o smell_n by_o the_o permixtion_n of_o moisture_n but_o that_o in_o odoriferous_a thing_n the_o siccity_n be_v predominant_a may_v be_v prove_v because_o such_o sweet_a smell_a flower_n or_o what_o else_o you_o shall_v name_n become_v without_o smell_n if_o they_o be_v too_o odour_n that_o drought_n be_v predominant_a in_o odour_n much_o moisten_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o rose_n gather_v in_o the_o rain_n do_v smell_v very_o little_a nothing_o at_o all_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o fragrancy_n of_o those_o that_o be_v gather_v in_o fair_a and_o dry_a weather_n that_o also_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o egypt_n the_o flower_n be_v not_o sweet_a because_o the_o air_n be_v moist_a and_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o hot_a climate_n of_o the_o east_n as_o arabia_n syria_n &_o the_o indies_n do_v bring_v forth_o spice_n and_o other_o plant_n of_o excellent_a and_o delicate_a objection_n why_o in_o egypt_n the_o flower_n do_v not_o smell_v objection_n smell_v it_o may_v be_v object_v there_o be_v many_o water_n which_o be_v very_o odoriferous_a now_o no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o water_n the_o moisture_n exceed_v the_o drought_n we_o answer_v that_o in_o water_n the_o odour_n be_v only_o potential_a and_o that_o the_o heat_n elevate_v or_o raise_v up_o from_o out_o of_o they_o a_o vapour_n or_o exhalation_n wherein_o the_o siccity_n prevail_v over_o the_o humidity_n and_o in_o this_o vapour_n be_v there_o a_o actual_a odour_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o move_v the_o sense_n but_o the_o other_o odour_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n can_v move_v the_o sense_n unless_o it_o exhale_v together_o solution_n solution_n with_o the_o vapour_n and_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o admit_v if_o we_o draw_v into_o our_o nostril_n a_o little_a sweet_a water_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v not_o smell_v the_o odour_n thereof_o because_o of_o necessity_n a_o vapour_n be_v require_v to_o actuate_v the_o odour_n moreover_o that_o all_o that_o odour_n be_v potential_a which_o consist_v not_o in_o a_o vapour_n but_o lurk_v as_o yet_o in_o mix_a body_n may_v be_v convince_v by_o invincible_a argument_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 5_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensili_fw-la say_v the_o subject_n of_o sapour_n and_o savour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o if_o therefore_o in_o odour_n or_o savour_n siccity_n be_v predominant_a
the_o whole_a body_n stability_n rectitude_n and_o form_n for_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o carcase_n of_o a_o ship_n whereto_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n be_v fasten_v whereupon_o they_o be_v sustain_v and_o the_o whole_a maintenance_n of_o the_o body_n be_v build_v and_o consuinmated_a from_o their_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n we_o esteem_v of_o the_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n of_o necessary_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o bone_n necessary_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o bone_n we_o must_v needs_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o original_n and_o insertion_n of_o muscle_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o of_o the_o partitio_fw-la be_v of_o the_o nerve_n the_o universal_a syntax_n or_o composition_n of_o the_o bone_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n the_o ancient_a grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a or_o arrid_a carcase_n galen_n define_v the_o bone_n to_o be_v the_o hard_a the_o dry_v &_o most_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o creature_n definition_n galen_n definition_n but_o this_o definition_n do_v not_o please_v the_o palate_n of_o the_o new_a writer_n as_o be_v not_o exquisite_a or_o philosophical_a but_o make_v only_o for_o the_o rude_a and_o more_o ignorant_a sort_n by_o way_n of_o innitiation_n laurentius_n define_v they_o more_o accurat_o thus_o a_o bone_n be_v a_o similar_v part_n the_o dry_v and_o cold_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n make_v of_o the_o earthy_a crassament_n definition_n laurentius_n definition_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o seed_n by_o the_o formative_a faculty_n assist_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o heat_n for_o the_o stability_n rectitude_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o this_o definition_n he_o say_v be_v essential_a because_o it_o design_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o bone_n the_o efficient_a the_o material_a the_o formal_a and_o the_o final_a the_o form_n of_o similar_v part_n according_a to_o physician_n be_v the_o temper_n because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o power_n whereby_o and_o wherewith_o thereof_o the_o explication_n thereof_o the_o form_n work_v and_o suffer_v whatsoever_o the_o similar_v part_n woork_v as_o a_o similar_v siccity_n therefore_o and_o frigidity_n dri_v and_o coldness_n do_v express_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bone_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o exhaustion_n of_o moisture_n and_o fatness_n make_v by_o a_o intense_a or_o high_a heat_n cold_a it_o be_v because_o the_o heat_n vanish_v away_o for_o defect_n of_o moisture_n these_o primary_n quality_n form_n the_o form_n be_v accompany_v with_o secondary_a hardness_n heaviness_n and_o whiteness_n a_o bone_n be_v hard_a not_o by_o concretion_n as_o you_o for_o than_o it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o fire_n not_o by_o tention_n as_o the_o head_n of_o a_o drum_n but_o by_o siccity_n as_o wood_n heavy_a it_o be_v because_o it_o be_v earthy_a as_o also_o because_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v extreme_o densated_a and_o thicken_a and_o it_o be_v white_a because_o it_o be_v spermaticall_a the_o matter_n of_o the_o bone_n be_v the_o crassament_n of_o the_o seed_n that_o be_v the_o thick_a and_o more_o matter_n the_o matter_n earthy_a part_n aristotle_n call_v it_o seminale_fw-la excrementum_fw-la the_o excrement_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o though_o the_o seed_n seem_v to_o be_v homogeny_n yet_o it_o have_v some_o part_n thick_a than_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o also_o something_o fat_a and_o something_o glutinous_a or_o slimy_a of_o the_o glutinous_a part_n because_o it_o may_v best_o be_v extend_v or_o streatched_a be_v make_v the_o nerve_n membrane_n and_o the_o ligament_n of_o the_o fatty_a part_n be_v make_v the_o bone_n and_o this_o hypocrates_n confirm_v where_o he_o say_v where_o there_o be_v more_o fat_a than_o glue_v or_o slime_n there_o the_o bone_n be_v form_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o bone_n be_v the_o formative_a power_n which_o some_o call_v the_o idol_n or_o efficient_a the_o efficient_a the_o idea_n of_o he_o that_o engender_v this_o faculty_n use_v the_o heat_n for_o his_o architect_n and_o the_o spirit_n for_o his_o chief_a workman_n and_o to_o these_o the_o philosopher_n attribute_v ordination_n secretion_n concretion_n densation_n and_o rarification_n the_o heat_n therefore_o drink_v up_o and_o dri_v the_o fatness_n whence_o come_v hardness_n and_o solidity_n so_o say_v hypocrates_n bones_o be_v condensated_a by_o heat_n and_o so_o grow_v hard_a and_o dry_a futhermore_o this_o heat_n although_o it_o be_v moderate_a for_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o native_a heat_n be_v well_o temper_a yet_o because_o it_o make_v a_o long_a stay_n in_o a_o more_o dense_a and_o fast_a matter_n it_o bring_v forth_o the_o same_o effect_n that_o a_o intense_a or_o high_a heat_n do_v yea_o it_o seem_v to_o burn_v whereupon_o hypocrates_n doubt_v not_o to_o say_v that_o the_o generation_n of_o bone_n be_v make_v by_o exustion_n that_o be_v by_o burn_v the_o final_a cause_n of_o bone_n which_o galen_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o use_n be_v well_o express_v in_o the_o end_n the_o end_n last_o particle_n of_o the_o definition_n for_o the_o primary_n and_o most_o common_a use_n of_o bone_n be_v to_o give_v the_o body_n stability_n rectiude_n and_o figure_n stability_n because_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v propugnacle_n stability_n stability_n or_o defence_n against_o all_o violence_n beside_o they_o sustain_v the_o body_n as_o the_o base_n or_o finial_n of_o a_o house_n sustain_v the_o roof_n rectitude_n because_o without_o bone_n the_o creature_n can_v stand_v up_o rectitude_n rectitude_n right_o but_o will_v creep_v upon_o the_o ground_n as_o a_o serpent_n or_o a_o worm_n hypocrates_n secundâ—_n epidemiωn_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o child_n bear_v without_o bone_n yet_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o body_n separate_v and_o fashion_v but_o he_o be_v not_o above_o four_o finger_n big_a and_o die_v soon_o after_o he_o be_v bear_v final_o the_o bone_n do_v give_v the_o figure_n to_o the_o body_n because_o from_o they_o depend_v the_o procerity_n or_o stature_n and_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o growth_n for_o those_o that_o have_v a_o great_a head_n have_v large_a brain_n those_o that_o be_v narrow_a chest_v their_o lung_n also_o and_o bowel_n be_v but_o short_a and_o narrow_a those_o that_o have_v small_a jaw_n have_v also_o small_a muscle_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o final_a cause_n which_o be_v itself_o immovable_a move_v all_o the_o rest_n the_o bone_n be_v of_o that_o substance_n which_o we_o see_v hard_a solid_a and_o insensible_a hard_a and_o solid_a for_o so_o it_o behoove_v a_o pillar_n or_o prop_n to_o be_v insensible_a ad_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o apprehensive_a of_o pain_n for_o because_o they_o sustain_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o body_n and_o be_v continual_o move_v they_o can_v not_o have_v endure_v so_o diverse_a motion_n without_o pain_n if_o they_o have_v be_v sensible_a thereof_o and_o then_o the_o life_n of_o the_o creature_n shall_v have_v be_v always_o sad_a and_o quaerulous_a but_o this_o want_n of_o sense_n come_v not_o from_o their_o earthly_a substance_n for_o then_o the_o tooth_n which_o be_v insensible_a why_o bone_n be_v insensible_a the_o hard_a of_o all_o bone_n shall_v have_v no_o sense_n but_o because_o there_o be_v no_o nerve_n disseminated_a through_o their_o substance_n the_o difference_n of_o bone_n be_v to_o be_v take_v say_v galen_n as_o also_o the_o difference_n of_o singular_a part_n from_o those_o thing_n which_o follow_v the_o essence_n or_o happen_v thereto_o bone_n the_o difference_n of_o bone_n the_o essence_n of_o a_o bone_n that_o be_v his_o cold_a and_o dry_a temper_n do_v the_o tactile_a quality_n follow_v hardness_n softness_n density_n and_o rarity_n the_o accident_n be_v magnitude_n figure_n situation_n motion_n sense_n and_o the_o like_a the_o first_o division_n therefore_o of_o bone_n be_v from_o their_o hardness_n some_o bone_n be_v very_o hardness_n from_o the_o hardness_n hard_a as_o those_o that_o be_v call_v stony_a bone_n and_o the_o tooth_n other_o soft_o in_o respect_n as_o the_o spungy_a bone_n and_o those_o which_o we_o call_v appendix_n or_o appendant_o other_o be_v simple_o hard_a as_o all_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o magnitude_n some_o bone_n be_v great_a some_o little_a and_o some_o moderate_a there_o magnitude_n magnitude_n be_v among_o the_o anatomist_n that_o account_v those_o bone_n to_o be_v great_a which_o be_v of_o a_o large_a bore_n or_o very_o hollow_a and_o medullous_a or_o marrowy_a but_o we_o make_v account_n of_o such_o bone_n for_o great_a as_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n whether_o their_o marrow_n be_v less_o or_o more_o for_o the_o hanchbone_n and_o the_o shoulderblade_n which_o be_v not_o hollow_a nor_o medullous_a be_v yet_o great_a bone_n but_o because_o
face_n which_o make_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o side_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n the_o cheek_n the_o palate_n &_o contain_v face_n the_o division_n of_o the_o face_n the_o upper_a row_n of_o the_o tooth_n this_o upper_a jaw_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o whole_a or_o according_a to_o his_o part_n of_o which_o he_o be_v compound_v in_o the_o whole_a jaw_n we_o consider_v his_o conformation_n and_o his_o connexion_n which_o be_v make_v by_o suture_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o part_n we_o will_v examine_v the_o bone_n where_o of_o it_o be_v compound_v the_o conformation_n of_o the_o whole_a jaw_n be_v diverse_a broad_a above_o and_o narrow_a below_o because_o of_o the_o protuberation_n perforation_n and_o cavity_n which_o be_v therein_o the_o prominence_n or_o protuberation_n be_v above_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o face_n where_o the_o nose_n be_v form_v tab_v 8._o figure_n 8._o f_o which_o be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o man_n for_o only_o a_o man_n nose_n jaw_n the_o protuberation_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n swell_v out_o or_o stand_v off_o from_o his_o face_n at_o the_o side_n it_o swell_v on_o both_o hand_n at_o the_o temple_n to_o make_v the_o low_a edge_n or_o verge_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o of_o the_o cheek_n table_n 8._o fig._n 8_o above_o Ï_n although_o it_o also_o make_v the_o low_a cavity_n of_o the_o eye_n below_o on_o the_o outside_n where_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v it_o bunch_v circular_o under_o λ_n within_o it_o make_v the_o anterior_a and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o palate_n which_o be_v rough_a tab_v 8._o fig._n 9_o t_o y_fw-fr z_o and_o in_o the_o circumference_n it_o protuberate_v for_o the_o den_n or_o socket_n of_o the_o tooth_n fig_n 9_o u._fw-mi u._fw-mi the_o perforation_n be_v partly_o small_a through_o which_o the_o vein_n artery_n and_o nerve_n be_v transmit_v as_o shall_v be_v say_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o particular_a bone_n partly_o great_a two_o in_o the_o low_a cavity_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o in_o the_o second_o bone_n fig._n 8_o c_o through_o which_o the_o rheum_n perforation_n the_o perforation_n fall_v and_o a_o small_a nerve_n unto_o the_o nostril_n and_o in_o the_o four_o through_o which_o a_o little_a nerve_n run_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o cheek_n so_o also_o in_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o one_o perforation_n which_o admit_v a_o small_a vein_n and_o a_o little_a artery_n fig_n 9_o z_o and_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o palate_n two_o on_o either_o hand_n which_o run_v unto_o the_o side_n of_o the_o nostril_n at_o v_n the_o cavity_n be_v proper_a and_o common_a proper_a to_o the_o four_o bone_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o den_n close_v up_o within_o the_o bone_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o nostril_n fig._n 8_o under_o b_o v_z &_o the_o socket_n cavity_n the_o cavity_n make_v to_o receive_v the_o tooth_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o four_o bone_n the_o common_a cavity_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nostril_n distinguish_v by_o the_o partition_n and_o fill_v above_o with_o the_o spungy_a bone_n which_o cavity_n both_o outward_o in_o the_o nose_n figu_n 8_o oh_o and_o inward_o in_o the_o mouth_n figu_n 9_o at_o qq_fw-la be_v always_o open_a that_o the_o air_n in_o expiration_n may_v return_v backward_o and_o in_o smell_v be_v draw_v upwarde_o and_o rheum_n be_v that_o way_n evacuate_v this_o upper_a jaw_n in_o all_o creature_n be_v immooveable_a except_v the_o water_n crocodile_n of_o which_o say_v archangelus_n there_o can_v be_v no_o particular_a reason_n give_v a_o common_a reason_n he_o give_v out_o of_o aristotle_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o body_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o soul_n &_o immovable_a why_o the_o crocodile_n upper_a jaw_n be_v immovable_a therefore_o nature_n have_v accommodate_v the_o body_n and_o so_o furnish_v it_o as_o it_o we_o see_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o man_n in_o ox_n in_o horse_n yea_o and_o in_o the_o crocodile_n too_o who_o soul_n have_v some_o power_n or_o faculty_n to_o we_o unknown_a but_o express_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n but_o his_o nether_a jaw_n be_v so_o unite_a with_o the_o templebone_n that_o it_o can_v at_o all_o be_v move_v because_o it_o be_v fasten_v into_o 2_o bosom_n whereas_o the_o upper_a be_v articulate_v on_o either_o side_n with_o a_o broad_a head_n yet_o aristotle_n say_v that_o his_o upper_a jaw_n be_v make_v mooveable_a to_o recompense_v the_o defect_n of_o his_o foot_n because_o they_o be_v little_a and_o unfit_a either_o to_o catch_v or_o to_o retain_v his_o prey_n in_o a_o parrot_n or_o poppingey_n both_o jaw_n be_v mooveable_a and_o he_o move_v they_o either_o one_o at_o once_o or_o both_o together_o as_o he_o list_v in_o a_o man_n the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v immovable_a first_o because_o the_o motion_n thereof_o will_v have_v hinder_v his_o sight_n again_o in_o receive_v of_o odour_n and_o inspiration_n of_o air_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n will_v have_v make_v a_o interruption_n three_o hard_a mere_n can_v not_o have_v be_v so_o well_o break_v for_o as_o in_o a_o mill_n where_o corn_n be_v ground_n one_o stone_n must_v rest_v immovable_a the_o other_o must_v run_v upon_o it_o so_o in_o the_o grind_n immovable_a why_o a_o man_n immovable_a or_o break_v of_o meat_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o one_o part_v which_o be_v the_o upper_a jaw_n shall_v be_v immovable_a the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o low_a jaw_n movable_a hereto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o immobility_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v a_o beauty_n to_o the_o face_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v move_v than_o it_o must_v necessary_o have_v be_v corrugate_v or_o contract_v and_o so_o the_o elegancy_n and_o form_n of_o the_o face_n be_v deform_v whereas_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n our_o wise_a creator_n have_v a_o especial_a respect_n to_o make_v the_o face_n beautiful_a because_o it_o be_v the_o image_n of_o the_o soul_n wherefore_o a_o man_n face_n be_v not_o set_v off_o from_o his_o head_n as_o in_o brute_n beast_n but_o make_v short_a and_o round_o for_o beauty_n and_o better_a form_n the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v fasten_v either_o with_o the_o bone_n that_o be_v about_o it_o or_o with_o the_o proper_a bone_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compound_v which_o connexion_n be_v make_v by_o immovable_a commissure_n connexion_n connexion_n or_o conjunction_n and_o that_o partly_o by_o suture_n or_o seam_n partly_o by_o harmony_n or_o caementation_n of_o these_o suture_n or_o commissure_v some_o be_v common_a unto_o the_o scull_n with_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o those_o be_v five_o of_o which_o we_o speak_v before_o in_o the_o five_o chap_v other_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n and_o be_v nine_o in_o number_n and_o join_v together_o twelve_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n some_o of_o these_o that_o be_v two_o be_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n the_o other_o seven_o be_v on_o the_o outside_n again_o of_o these_o seven_o five_o be_v common_a to_o two_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n join_v together_o and_o two_o be_v peculiar_a to_o one_o bone_n of_o these_o in_o order_n the_o first_o internal_a suture_a we_o meet_v withal_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n &_o it_o be_v common_a to_o the_o partition_n and_o the_o five_o bone_n his_o course_n be_v short_a and_o oblique_o downward_o tab_v 8._o fig_n 8_o under_o f_o suture_n the_o first_o internal_a suture_n the_o second_o be_v also_o find_v thereabouts_o and_o be_v common_a to_o the_o partition_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o four_o and_o sixth_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n his_o course_n be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o forward_o but_o overthwart_o tab._n 8._o fig._n 8_o g_o the_o first_o external_a suture_n run_v oblique_o to_o the_o cheeke-bone_n and_o of_o it_o there_o be_v three_o part_n the_o first_o run_v through_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n outward_a and_o downward_o to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o cheek_n the_o second_o through_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o cheek_n external_a the_o first_o external_a upward_o and_o inward_a to_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n tab._n 8._o fig._n 8_o from_o ae_z unto_o the_o low_a d_o the_o three_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o eyc_n it_o run_v backward_o and_o outward_o from_o the_o low_a d_o to_o q_n and_o determine_v at_o the_o second_o suture_a which_o be_v common_a also_o to_o the_o scull_n this_o first_o external_a suture_n be_v common_a to_o the_o first_o bone_n and_o the_o four_o the_o second_o external_a suture_a run_v circular_o in_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n above_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o