Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	body_n	element_n	5,315	5	9.9100	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06950	Markhams maister-peece, or, What doth a horse-man lacke containing all possible knowledge whatsoeuer which doth belong to any smith, farrier or horse-leech, touching the curing of all maner of diseases or sorrances in horses : drawne with great paine and most approued experience from the publique practise of all the forraine horse-marshals of Christendome and from the priuate practise of all the best farriers of this kingdome : being deuided into two bookes, the first containing all cures physicall, the second whatsoeuer belongeth to chirurgerie, with an addition of 130 most principall chapters and 340 most excellent medicines, receits and secrets worthy euery mans knowledge, neuer written of nor mentioned in any author before whatsoeuer : together with the true nature, vse, and qualitie of euerie simple spoken of through the whole worke : reade me, practise me, and admire me / written by Geruase Markham gentleman.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1610 (1610)	STC 17376.5; ESTC S4777	291,300	517

that thing which is made or proceedeth from it Now of these elements which are the vsuall first mouers or beginners of all mouing things there are onely foure in number that is to say Fire Aire Water and Earth meaning not that fire aire water and earth which is visible here with vs beneath and which through the grossenes thereof is both palpable and to be discerned but those which are mounted aloft and through their purity inuisible and concealed from vs for the other are compounded bodies and not simple And of these perfect and distinct elements you shall know that the fire is the highest as being fixed or ioyned next vnto the Moone being hot and drye yet naturally exceeding or being most predominant or ruling in heate The aire is placed next vnto the fire and is naturally light and hot yet his predominant or chiefe quality is moist The water is adioyned vnto the ayre the disposition thereof being heauy and moist but his predominant or chiefe quality onely cold Lastly the earth adioyned to the water is the lowest and it is most heauy and cold but the predominant or chiefe quality thereof is onely drinesse Now for the vertues properties and operations of these foure elements you shall vnderstand that first the fire by meanes of his heate moueth matter to generation and stirreth vp warmth in all liuing things it is that which the Philosophers call Heterogenia which is in mixt bodies to separate things of diuers kindes one from another and also to ioyne things of like kindes together which they likewise call Homogenia For by vertue of the fire the bones of horses are separated from the flesh the flesh from the sinewes the sinewes from the veines the veines from the arteries the heart from the liuer the liuer from the spleene and so forth in such sort as we see the diuers parts of the fuell we burne by the vertue of the fire and heate to be separated and deuided one from another as the vapour from the smoake the smoake from the flame and the flame from the ashes And as in these things so in many other things as in the tryall of mettals and such like where the fire by vertue of his heate separateth body from body that is mettall from mettall and corruption from incorruption gathering and knitting together euery thing of one and the selfe same kinde Besides the vertue of the fire is to ripen order and digest things raw and vndigested mingling the dry with the moist and opening the powers that the aire being somewhat more solide and grosse may enter into the body and lastly it breatheth and moderateth the coldnesse of the water and the earth so that it may not distemper or confound the body Touching the vertue and operation of the aire you shall vnderstand that by the moistnesse thereof it maketh the matter apt to receiue shape either naturall or accidentall and by the helpe and assistance of the fire bringeth the powers and influences of the heauens and starres into the inferour bodies making the mixt bodies not onely subtile and penetrable but also light and mounting to the end they may neither be too grosse nor too heauy Secondly the ayre through his moistnesse cooleth the burning heate of the heart liuer and intrails as we dayly see by the office of the lights and lungs which like a paire of bellowes draweth vncessantly fresh ayre vnto the heart and inward members And albeit the ayre doth not seeme to the sence of our outward eyes to bee any thing neare so moist as the water yet according to the opinions both of our bookes and best Physitions it it is by much the moister which is well proued say they by the abundant fluxe it containeth which fluxe spreadeth it selfe so farre abroad in the body that it filleth euery empty part and corner thereof with the speciall properties and characters of moistnesse and by that reason is much harder to be kept within his owne bounds then the water is Lastly as the water was altered by God from his first naturall place for the better profite both of man and beast euen so the ayre according to Schoole-mens opinions was not left altogether in his first naturall disposition lest being ouermoist it should so confound and suffocate all sence that neither man nor beast should be able to breathe or liue Now for the vertue and operation of the water it is to be noted that through the coldnesse thereof it conglutinateth and bindeth in mixt bodies both parts members together which be of diuers kinds as bones with flesh and sinewes flesh with sinewes bones and sinewes with bones and flesh Euen as for a familiar example we see in the time of any great frost the strength of the cold how it bindeth things of diuers kinds together bringing into one masse or substance both water dirt stones strawes stickes and leaues the water also with its coldnesse doth temper and coole the inflammation and heate of the fire gathering together those thinges which otherwise the violent heate would disperse and scatter abroad Lastly for the vertue and operation of the earth it is through his drinesse in mixt bodies so to harden and fixe them together that they may retaine their shapes which otherwise by the power of the ayre and water would be so soluble and loose that they could not hold together as we may see in paste waxe and such like which whilest it is moist will receiue no print but being once hardened it retaineth any forme that is prest into it And here to be noted that according to the opinion of Hippocrates when any sensible body dyeth not onely euery quality but euery substance and part makes his returne to the element from whence it came as heate to the fire moistnesse to the ayre coldnesse to the water drinesse to the earth And thus briefly you see that of these foure common elements or common beginners of things the fire being hot separateth the aire being moist shapeth the water being cold bindeth and the earth being dry hardeneth and retaineth The vse that you are to make of this knowledge ouer and beside the composition of a naturall body is that when you find any sicknesse or infirmity which proceedeth from the fire as inflammations of the body or such like that then you apply simples of the nature of the aire or water which may moisten and coole the violence of that heate If the infirmity proceede from the aire as fluxe of blood or too much moisture then you shall apply simples of the nature of the fire or earth whose heate and drinesse may disperse and harden such moisture If the disease spring from the water as colds rheumes apoplexies and such like then you shall seeke simples of the nature of the fire and aire that through the heate of the one and the moist lightnesse of the other all such cold grosse and solide humors may be dispersed But if the disease proceed from the

earth as manginesse and leprosie or their like that are dry hardened infections then you shal seeke simples of the nature of the fire onely whose heate may dissolue loosen those ill knit dry and hard humors Thus you see too much heate is abated by coldnesse and moistnesse too much moistnesse by heate and drinesse too much coldnesse by heate and moistnesse too much drinesse by heate onely Thus much of these foure common elements which begin all things liuing and vnliuing sensible and vnsensible yet of sensible things which liue and haue bloud there be other more neare elements or beginnings which are called proper elements or generation as the ingendring seede and menstruall bloud from whence euery beast taketh his first shape and beginning and yet these proper beginnings haue their whole dependancy and hanging vpon the qualities of the first common beginnings already spoken of which is moist dry hot and cold for without them they are nothing nor can do any thing CHAP. 3. Of Temperaments and their seuerall kindes and how farre euery way they extend in horses THese Temperaments or Temperatures which are the second things in a horses composition do spring from the commixture of the foure elements and are nine in number whereof eight are vnequall and the ninth is equall Of the eight vnequall foure are ●imple and those be hot cold moist and dry which Physitions call the first qualities and of these the first two be actiue and the other two passiue the other foure are compound and they be hot moist hot dry cold and moist cold and dry Now the equall temperament is diuided into two an vniuersall and a speciall The equall Temperament vniuersall is when the foure elements are in an equall proportion genenerally diuided through the whole body nature enioyning no more from the one then from the other The equall Temperament special is when the elements are proportioned according as euery kind doth most properly require be it either plant or beast in plants when euery plant hath that commixture of elements which are proper to its kinde the hot plant being hot the cold being cold and so forth whereas contrariwise to haue a hot plant cold or a cold hot to haue rue cold or sorrell hot were a false and vnequal commixture of elements So likewise of beasts that horse that dogge that swine is said to haue his due Temperament when hee is of such temperature as is most proper vnto his kinde which onely is best discerned by his actions or motions As thus the horse is known to be hot and m●●st by his l●g●tnesse swiftnesse valiantnesse and long life and also to be of a temperate nature in that he is easily tamed docible obedient and familiar with the man And so long as either horse or any other thing continueth in the mediocrity and excellencie of his proper Temperament so long we may truly iudge him of a good temper disposition but if there be any ouerflow of qualities or excesse in his humors as either in heate coldnesse moistnesse or drinesse then we say he is either a hot cholericke horse a cold dull horse a dry mischieuous horse or a moyst cowardly horse according to the ouerflow of that quality which raigneth in him Againe euery horse is sayd to haue his due Temperament according to his age and the country wherein he is bred and sometimes according to the time of the yeare wherein he liueth And thus a horse in his foal●-age which is till he be sixe yeares old is naturally hot and moist In his middle age which is till twelue more hot and dry then moist and in his old age which is past eighteene more cold and dry then either hot or moist So likewise the horses which are bred in southerne parts as either in Spaine Barbary or Greece are naturally more hot then those which are bred either in the seuenteene lands Germany or England either is there any horse which is in good state of body that is so hot in the spring time of the yeare as in the summer nor so cold in the summer as in the winter All which obseruations are with most curious diligence to be obserued of euery horse-leach when he goeth about to cure any sicknes for vnlesse he consider their natures temperatures and euery other circumstance already declared he shall right soone be deceiued in the administration of his physicke Therfore I earnestly aduise euery Farrier before he giue any drench or potion first to enquire the kinde race and disposition of the horse next his age then the country and lastly the time of the yeare and so according to the truth thereof to mixe his receipts It is most expedient also for euery horse-leach to consider the second qualities which are so called because they take their beginnings from the first qualities already declared of which second qualities some be called palpable or to be touched as these softnesse hardnesse smoothnesse roughnesse toughnesse brickelnesse lightnesse heauinesse thinnesse thicknesse smalnesse grosnesse and such other like Some againe are not palpable as those which appertaine to hearing seeing and smelling as noysses colours odours and such like and by obseruing well these second qualities he shall with much ease know whether the horse be disposed to any sicknes or not as shall be more largely declared hereafter in euery particular chapter CHAP. 4. Of humours and to what end they serue NOw concerning Humours which are the third composers of a horses body and so likewise of euery other beast also you shall vnderstand that they are foure in number that is to say Bloud Fleame Choler and Melancholy As touching bloud it is in it owne nature vncorrupted and therefore hot and moyst and sweet in taste as participating of the elements Fire and Aire Fleame is cold and moist and either sweet or wallowish without any taste at all as participating of the elements water and aire Choler is hot and dry and bitter in taste as participating of the elements fire and earth Melancholy is cold and dry and in taste ●ower and heauy as participating of the elements water and earth so that these foure humours by their qualities are euery way allied vnto the elements For to speake briefly and according to the manner of Physitions Bloud is of the nature of aire it being most predominant therein Fleame of the nature of water Choler of the nature of fire and Melancholy of the nature of the earth And albeit these humours are simbolized or mixt through euery part of the body yet euery one of them aboundeth more in one part then in another and haue their places of residence absolute and peculiar to themselues as Bloud about the heart Fleame in the braine Choler in the liuer and Melancholy in the spleene Now as these humors do more or lesse abound or haue greater or lesser soueraignty in the body of the horse so is the beast naturally better or worse coloured qualified or

and his colour is either a bright sorrell a cole blacke without any white or an yron gray vnchangeable that is such a gray as neither will euer turne to a daple gray to a white or to a flea-bitten and these horses are of nature light hot fiery and seldome of any great strength these horses are much subiect to pestilent feuers yellowes and inflammations of the liuer Therefore euery Farrier shall be carefull in the composing of any medicine for such a horse to purge choler yet very moderately and not with any extraordinary strength in the potion or drench because the horse being in his best strength not reputed strong should you apply any violent thing to him that little strength being abated there were great danger in the confounding of the whole body If the horse participate more of the aire then of the other elements then is he of a sanguine complexion and his colour is either bright bay or darke bay which hath neither skouling countenance mealy nose nor white flanke or a white flea-bitten white lyard like siluer or a blacke with white starre white rache or white foote these horses are of nature pleasant nimble free and of a good strength The diseases to them most incident is consumption of the liuer leprosie glanders or any disease that is infectious They are of a good strong constitution and may endure strength in their medicines especially any thing that cooleth the bloud If the horse participate more of the water then of the other elements then is he of a flegmaticke complexion and his colour is either a milke white a yellow dun a kiteglewd or a pyedball in whom there is an equall mixture of colours that is as much white as of the other color otherwise if the bay the blacke or the dunne exceed the white he is sayd to be of that complexion of which the color is greatest These horses are of nature slow dull and apt to leese flesh the diseases which are most incident vnto them is colds head-atch rheumes staggers and such like They are able to endure the reasonable strength of any medicine because the abundance of fleame which is in them sufficeth both nature and the potion to worke vpon all cold simples are to them exceeding hurtfull so are also they which are violently hot in the third degree the first because it bindeth too soone the latter because it disperseth too suddenly therefore simples of a moderate meane are the best If the horse participate more of the earth then of the other elements then is he of a melancholy complexion and his colour is mouse dunne russet chesnut a sky gray darke bay with mayly nose redde or white slanke or a reddish bay hauing long white haire like goates haire growing on his legges These horses are of nature heauy and saint hearted the diseases to them most incident is inflammations in the Spleene Frenzie Dropsie and such like They are commonly of better strength then they will suffer to appeare by their actions and are able to endure the strength of any reasonable medicine all cicatrizing and dry simples are hurtfull vnto them the cold and moist are the most profitable Hauing thus shewed you these foure complexions Cholerike Sanguine Flegmatike and Melancholy together with their qualities and strengths you shall vnderstand now that amongst Farriers there is another complexion or fift constitution which is called the composition or mixture of complexions that is whensoeuer a horse doth participate of all the foure elements equally and in due proportion none being greater or lesse then another and this complexion of all other is the best and and most perfect and the horse which is of this complexion is euer of one of these colours that is to say either a faire browne bay dapled or not dapled a daple gray a blacke full of siluer haires or a faire roane redde or blacke And those horses are of nature most excellent most temperate strongest gentlest and most healthfull though they may haue any disease yet are they naturally inclined to no disease but what infirmity soeuer falleth vnto them is meerely accidentall and not through any ouerflow of naturall distemperature All medicines must be compounded for them according to the nature of the sicknesse and the time of their languishment for if their sicknesse be young and new bred then are they able to receiue any well composed receipt but if it be old the inward powers and faculties feebled then you must bee carefull to helpe nature by adding to euery medicine of what nature soeuer some simple of comfort that as euill humours be clensed so strength may still be repayred maintained And thus much for complexions CHAP. 11. Of inward sicknesse the causes and seuerall kindes thereof SIth I haue already passed ouer al those things which haue a naturall and perfect working in a horses body and do maintaine vphold and preserue the same in good state and health except accidentally they be encountred and crossed by some excesse or in dyet or in exercise it shall now be meete that we begin to speake of the things which be contrary and against nature which are all those things whereby at any time the healthfull estate of the horses body is any way impeached and they be three in number that is the causes the sicknesse and the accidents which follow euery sicknesse Now the causes of sicknesse are all vnnaturall affects and euill dispositions which going before do as it were by violence bring sicknesse after them and of these causes there be two sorts some internall some externall the internall be those which breede within the body of the horse as euill humours euill obstructions and euill iuice Externall are they which communicate with the outward parts of the body as heate cold wounds and such like of which I shall speake more in the second booke and for so much as I intend at the beginning of euery particular disease to shew the cause of that disease I will at this time speake no more of that subiect Now for sicknesse it selfe which is any thing that is contrary to nature it is diuided into three generall kindes the first an euill temperature the second an euil state or composition and the third a loosening or diuiding of an vnity Now of these two latter I intend not to speake in this place because they appertaine to surgery which I reserue for the second booke but for the first kinde which is an euill temperature it is taken two fold that is either simple or compound simple when one quality onely doth abound or exceede as to be too moist or too dry compound when mo qualities then one do grow into excesse as for a horse to be too hot and too dry or too cold and too moist Againe sicknesses are sayd some to belong as consumptions glanders and such like which linger and weare a horse away by small degrees Some short as the staggers yellowes anticor and such like which

spring time of the yeare when bloud begins to encrease and most commonly to colts and yong horses it proceeds of the same causes that the Quotidian doth and sometimes of ranknesse and ill bloud The signes to know it are all the signes formerly spoken of and this as the chiefest that the horse will be apparantly sicke as it were on the Munday then apparantly well on the Tuesday and sicke on the Wednesday following This feuer is neuer seene but it beginneth with shaking The cure therefore is assoone as you perceiue the horse to begin to shake you shall take a certaine hearbe or rather weede called stone-croppe and bruising it in a stone morter take some foure spoonefull of the iuice thereof and infuse it in a quart of strong alè and giue it the horse to drinke then walke him gently vp and downe in some temperate aire for an howre then set him vp with the helpe of clothes put him into a sweate for an other howre then coole him and in any wise till his fits leaue him let him drinke no cold water and let his prouender be the oldest and dryest oates you can get onely vpon his good dayes before his fits come keepe him very long fasting and empty CHAP. 18. Of the Quartane Feuer THe Quartane feuer is that which some Farriers call a third daies sicknesse as thus If his fit begin on the Munday he will be well on the Tuesday and Wednesday and sicke againe one the Thursday It proceedeth from the same causes that the Tertian feuer doth yet in his working is not so apparantly violent but of much longer continuance for if great care helpe be not these feuers will last some a quarter of a yeare some halfe a yeare and some a whole yeare There needes no other signe to know it then the coming and going of the fits as hath bene declared already And for the cure it is the selfe same which is described in the former chapter for the Tertian feuer onely if his fits do not leaue him at the first taking of the medicine you shall then giue it him againe the second time but not aboue thrice at the most in any wise CHAP. 19. Of the Feuer Continuall THe feuer continuall is that which continueth without any intermission and it is most dangerous and violent for there is in it the effects of all the former feuers euer one taking place as the other endeth as a Quotidian beginning is pursued by a Tertian and a Tertian by a Quartane and those two supply so many howers till the Quotidian doth begin againe This kind of continuall feuer most often springeth from some inflammation or violent heate ingendred in the pricipall members about the heart and the signes thereof are want of rest and falling away of the flesh besides certaine inflammations or swellings which will appeare about his withers and flanks The cure is first to purge his head by neesing the manner whereof you shall finde in a particular chapter hereafter which done you shall giue him this drinke Take of Iermander two ounces of gumme dragant and dryed roses of each halfe an ounce beate them into fine powder and put them into a quart of ale adding thereunto of oyle Oliue two ounces and as much hony and when it is luke warme giue it the horse to drinke then walke him a little space and after set him vp close and warme keepe him from cold water and let his prouender be dry oates CHAP. 20 Of the Hectique Feuer THe Hectique feuer in horses is a dangerous and mortall feuer being in a horse the first originall breeder of a consumption it is a certaine hot and dry humour which runneth betweene the skinne and the flesh proceeding from a sicke stomacke which hauing bene scalded with hot drinks as those ill dyeted running horses be which feede vpon much spice or those which take hot drenches vpon euery foolish and sleight occasion hath almost cleane lost the power of disgestion it sometimes happens to those horses which men too carefully teaching to drinke beere and wine do so conti●ually apply them thereunto that in the end they become subiect to this sicknesse The signes to know it is the horse will neuer eate with any appetite and when you draw out his tongue you shall finde it rawe and almost scalded his flesh wil be loose and flaggy and his body will be subiect to a continual trembling The cure is first wash his tongue either with the sirrop of mulberries or with allome running water sage and woodbinde leaues boiled together then giue him fasting in a morning this drink Take of aloes one ounce of agarike halfe an ounce of licoras and aniseseeds of each a dram beaten to powder let him drinke it with a quart of white wine luke warme made sweet with sugarcandy or hony let him drinke no drinke but warme mashes of malt water and let his meate be sweete bay or greene corne blades and euer after his medicine l●t him be chafed a little kept fasting two or three howres and stand warme and well clothed CHAP. 21. Of the Feuer taken in Autumne or the fall of the leafe ALl these feuers before spoken of do for the most part commonly happen to horses in the spring time of the yeare by reason that the new bloud is euer aptest to be inflamed yet notwithstanding we finde by experience that feuers will somtimes come at the fall of the leafe which we call Autumne and they are of longer continuance then the other The signes are none other but such as I haue already declared for they are the same feuers onely altering in the time of the yeare If therefore your horse do chance to catch a feuer at the fall of the leafe you shall let him bloud on his necke veine and in the palate of his mouth and you shall giue him to drinke the same drinke which is formerly set downe for the feuer continuall and there is no doubt of his recouery CHAP. 22. Of the Feuer taken in the Summer season A Feuer taken in the Summer season is the worst of al ordinary feuers whatsoeuer especially all such as are taken in the Dog daies because according to the opinion of Farriers al accidents are then most furious the especial signes of this feuer are that his arteries wil beate most palpably wheresoeuer he staleth there you shall perceiue he sheddeth his seed also The cure according to the ancients is to let him bloud on the great veine which he hath on his hinder haunch almost foure inches beneath his fundament but for mine own part because that vein is not so easily found of euery ignorant Smith that many times by mistaking they may cut the artery in stead of the veine I hold it fully as good to let him bloud vpon the necke veine which done giue him to drinke two howres and a halfe after this drinke Take the iuice of a handful of purslaine and mixe

it with gumdragant anise seedes and damaske rose leaues beaten to powder then put them into a quart of strong ale made sweete either with sugarcandy or hony and faile not to giue him this drinke three mornings together keeping the horse warme during his sicknesse CHAP. 23. Of the Feuer taken in the winter season A Feuer taken in the winter is not so dangerous touching the life of a horse as the feuer before mentioned yet is it a feuer which will continue long and aske great circumspection in the cure the causes thereof are the same which are formerly described and the signes are no other then hath bene already declared Touching the cure it is thus you shall first purge his head by making him neese that done you shall let him bloud both in the necke and the palate of the mouth and then two howres and a halfe after giue him this drinke Take of treus three ounces of round pepper halfe an ounce of bay berries and the seede of smallage of each halfe an ounce boyle these in white wine and giue it him to drinke luke warme Other Farriers vse to take a pint of new milke and to put therein two ounces of sallet oyle of saffron one scruple of mirre two scruples of the seede of smallage a spoonefull and to make him drinke it luke warme but the horse which taketh this drinke must be in good strength for it he be brought low it is somewhat too strong The ancient Italians did vse for this feuer to giue this drinke Take of Aristolochia halfe an ounce of Gentian of Hysop of wormwood of Southerwoort of each halfe an ounce of dry fat figges three ounces of the seede of smallage an ounce and an halfe of rue halfe an handfull boyle them all with running water in a cleane vessel vntil almost halfe be consumed then when it beginnes to thicken take it from the fire straine it and giue it the horse luke warme Now there are not any of these drinkes but are sufficient for the cure but the first is best Now for his dyet be sure to keepe him fasting long before his fits come and let his drinke be onely warme mashes of malt and water Now if you perceiue that his fits continue and bring the horse to any weaknesse you shall then to comfort and quicken the natural heate of the horse rubbe and chafe all his body ouer either in the Sunne or by some softe fire with some wholsome friction of which frictions you shall finde choyce in a particular chapter hereafter following together with their seuerall natures and vses CHAP. 24. Of the Feuer which cometh by surfaite of meate onely THe Feuer which cometh by surfaite of meate onely without either disorder in trauell of corruption of bloud is knowne by these signes The horse will heaue and beate vpon his backe his breath will be short hot and dry and his winde he will draw only at his nose with great violence The cure therefore is you shall let him bloud in his necke vnder his eyes and in the ●●late of his mouth you shall also purge his head by making him nee●e then keepe him with very thin dyet that is let him fast for more then halfe of the day and let him not drinke aboue once 〈◊〉 foure and twenty houres and that drinke to 〈◊〉 ●arme water you shal also once or twice chafe his body with wholesome friction and if during his cure he chance to grow costiue you shall cause him to be raked and afterward giue him either a suppositary or a glister of both which and of their seuerall natures you shall reade sufficiently in a chapter following CHAP. 25. Of Feuers extraordinary and first of Pestilent Feuers WE find by many ancient Italian Writers that both the Romans and others their countrymen haue by experience found many horses subiect to this pestilent feuer which is a most contagious and pestiferous disease almost incurable for mine own part I haue seene it in many colts and young horses Surely it proceedeth as I iudge either from great corruption of bloud or from infection of the aire The signes thereof is the horse will hold downe his head forsake his meate shed much water at his eyes and many times haue swellings or vlcers rising a little below his eare rootes The cure is first you shall not faile to let him bloud in the necke veine then two or three howres after you shall giue him a glister then make this plaister Take of squilla fiue ounces of elder of castoreum of mustard-seed and of euforbium of each two ounces dissolue the same in the iuice of daffadill and sage and lay it all about the temples of his head and betweene his eares then giue him to drinke for three or foure dayes together euery morning two ounces of the best treacle dissolued in a pint of good muskadine The Italians vse to giue him diuers mornings a pound of the iuice of elder roots or in stead of his hay a good quantity of that hearbe which is called Venus haire but if the time of the yeare be such that they cannot haue it greene then they boyle it in water and straine it and giue it him to drinke but I hold the first drinke to be most sufficient his dyet being thin and his keeping warme CHAP. 26. Of the Plague or pestilence in Horses of some called the gargill or murraine THis pestilence murraine or gargill in horses is a contagious and most infectious disease proceeding either from surfaite of heate cold labour or hunger or any other thing breeding corrupt humours in a horses body as the holding too long of his vrine drinking when he is hot or feeding vpon grosse foule corrupt foods as in low grounds after flouds when the grasse is vnpurged such like Somtimes it springs from som euil influence of the planets corrupting the plants and fruites of the earth and cattell too somtimes also from diuers other such like causes but howsoeuer when the disease beginneth certaine it is that it is most infectious and if there be not care and preuention vsed of multitudes it will not leaue one Not any of the ancient Italian Farriers nor any of our English Farriers that I haue met with do or can yeeld me any signe or token to know this disease more then that one or two must first dye then by their deaths I must adiudge preuent what wil follow but they are mistaken for this disease is as easily known by outward ●ignes as any disease whatsoeuer as namely the horse will first begin to lowre and hang downe his head within two or three dayes after such lowring you shal see him begin to swell vnder his eare rootes or vnder the rootes of his tongue and that swelling will run vniuersally ouer all one side of his face being very extreme hard and great Moreouer all his lips mouth whites of his eyes will be exceeding yellow and his breath

giue the horse to drinke fasting euery morning for a fortnight together a pint of strong ale and fiue spoonefull of the oyle of oates the making of which oyle you shall reade in a particular chapter following but if the disease be of the third sort which is most desperate you shall then take of Tanners ouse a pint and of new milke a pint and of oyle oliue halfe a pint and the quantity of a head of garlicke bruised and a little turmericke mixe these well together and giue it the horse to drinke do this thrice in one fortnight and it will helpe if any helpe be to be had CHAP. 41. Of the mourning of the Chine THis disease which we call the mourning of the chine or as some Farriers terme it the moist malady is that fourth sort of corrupt distillation from the braine of which we haue spoken in the chapter before shewing from whence it proceedes and the signes thereof to wit that the corrupt matter which issueth from his nosthrels will be darke thinne and reddish with little streakes of bloud in it It is supposed by some Farriers that this disease is a foule consumption of the liuer and I do not dissent from that opinion for I haue found the liuer wasted in those horses which I haue opened vpon this disease and this consumption proceedes from a cold which after growes to a poze then to a glaunders and lastly to this mourning of the chine The cure whereof according to the opinion of the oldest Farriers is to take cleare water and that hony which is called Hydromel a quart and put thereunto three ounces of sallet oyle and powre it into his nostrels each morning the space of three dayes if that helpe not then giue him to drinke euery day or once in two dayes at the least a quart of old wine mingled with some of the soueraigne medicine called Tetrapharmacum which is to be had almost of euery Apothecary Others vse to take garlicke houslicke cheruill and stamping them together to thrust it vp into the horses nostrels Others vse to let the horse fast all night then take a pint and a halfe of milke three heads of garlicke pild stamped boyle them to the halfe and giue it to the horse some at the mouth and some at the nose then gallop him a quarter of a mile then rest him then gallop him halfe a mile and rest him againe thus do twice or thrice together then set him vp warme and giue him no water till it be high noone then giue him a sweete mash vse this cure at least three dayes together Others vse to take halfe a pecke of oates boyle them in running water till halfe be consumed then put them into a bagge and lay them very hot vpon the nauell place of his backe and there let it lye thirty howres vsing thus to do three or foure times at the least Others vse to take wormewood Peusedanum and Centorie of each like quantity boyle them in wine then straine them and powre thereof many times into his nosthrels especially into that which most runneth Others vse to take harehound licoras anise seeds beaten to powder then with sweete butter to make pils thereof and to giue them fasting to the horse Others vse to take wheate flower anise seedes and licoras stamped in a mortar fiue or sixe cloues of garlike bruised mixe all these together make a paste of them then make it into pils as big as walnuts taking out the horses tongue cast the balles downe the horses throate three or foure at a time then giue him two new layed egges shelles and all after them Now after all these the best and most approuedst medicine is to take as much of the middle greene barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as will fill a reasonable vessell putting thereunto as much running water as the vessell will hold and let it boyle till halfe be consumed and then fill vp the vessell againe with water continuing so to do three times one after another and at the last time when the one halfe is consumed take it from the fire and straine it exceedingly through a linnen cloath then to that decoction adde at least a full third part of the oyle of oates or for want of that of oyle oliue or of hogges grease or sweete butter and being warmed againe take a quart thereof and giue it the horse to drinke one horne-ful at his mouth and another at his nosthrels especially that which casteth out the matter And in any case let the horse be fasting when he taketh this medicine for it not onely cureth this but any sicknesse proceeding from cold whatsoeuer it shall be also good to vse to his body some wholesome friction to his head some wholesome bathe of which bathes you shall reade more hereafter in a chapter following For his dyet his food would be sodden barley and sweete hay and his drinke warme water or mashes but if it be in the Summer season then it is best to let him runne at grasse onely CHAP. 42. Of the Cough COughing is a motion of the lungs raised naturally from his expulsiue power to cast out the hurtfull cause as neesing is the motion of the braine Now of coughes there be some outward and some inward those are sayd to be outward which proceed of outward causes as when a horse doth eate or drinke too greedily so that his meat goeth the wrong way or when he licketh vp a feather or eateth dusty or sharpe bearded straw and such like which tickling his throat causeth him to cough those which are sayd to be inward are either wet or dry of which we shall speake more hereafter Now of these outward coughes they may proceede from the corruption of the ayre which if it do you shall boyle in running water figges and currants together then straining the water adde to a quart thereof three spoonfull of Diapente and it will helpe It may also proceed from dust and then you must wash it downe by powring into his nosthrels ale and oyle mingled together It may come by eating sharpe and sowre things and then you must put downe his throat pils of sweete butter whose softnesse will helpe him It may proceede from some little or sleight taken cold and then you shall take the whites yolkes of two egges three ounces of sallet oyle two handfull of beane flowre one ounce of Fenugreeke mixe them with a pint of old malmsey and giue it the horse to drinke three daies together or else take tarre and fresh butter mixe them together and giue pils thereof to the horse foure times in seuen dayes that is the first the third the fift and the seuenth day There be others which vse to take a gallon of faire water and make it ready to seeth then put thereto a pecke of ground malt with two handfuls of boxe leaues chopt small and a little groundsel mixe them