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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06400	The whole course of chirurgerie wherein is briefly set downe the causes, signes, prognostications & curations of all sorts of tumors, wounds, vlcers, fractures, dislocations & all other diseases, vsually practiced by chirurgions, according to the opinion of all our auncient doctours in chirurgerie. Compiled by Peter Lowe Scotchman, Arellian, Doctor in the Facultie of Chirurgerie in Paris, and chirurgian ordinarie to the most victorious and christian King of Fraunce and Nauarre. Whereunto is annexed the presages of diuine Hippocrates.	Lowe, Peter, ca. 1550-ca. 1612.; Hippocrates. Prognostics. English. aut	1597 (1597)	STC 16869.5; ESTC S109645	196,926	302

him LO Six a paire of sheeres a rasor a lancet a sound a tirball a needle CO. How many thinges are to be obserued by the Chirurgian before he vndertake any operation LO According to Haly Abbas there are fiue The first to knowe well the temperament of the patience The second he must knowe the sicknesse and nature thereof The third whether it be curable or not The fourth remidies proper and meete for the disease The fift the right way to applie such remedies as be nedefull of all these he ought to giue good reason and authoritie of such famous men as haue written of this science CO. In how many things consisteth chieflye the contemplation of Chirurgerie LO In three things according to Fuchius CO. Which are they LO The first are those things that concurre to the making constitution of our bodie and therefore are called thinges naturall the second are those thinges which conserue the bodie from sicknesse and being rightly vsed nourishe the same our auntients call them thinges vnnaturall because if they bee immod●ratly and ill vsed they bee altogether contrarie to our bodies the thirde are those things which be indeede contrarie to our bodies and therefore are called things contrarie to nature as Galen writeth CO. Tell mee some thinge more particulerly of these contemplations of Chirurgerie LO I am contented if your leisure doth permit CO. Then we will in the nexr Chapter followe out naturall thinges The third Chapter of naturall thinges in Generall LO May it please you to prosecute the discourse of natural things seing we haue alredie intreated of Chirurgerie in generall of the operatiōs instrumentes Chirurgaticalls CO. I like verie well of this methode howe many naturall things are reckoned by the Chirurgiā LO Seauen the first is called Element the second Temperament or complexion the thirde humors the fourth members the fift vertues or faculties the sixt works and effectes of vertues the seauenth Spirites The Fourth chapter of Elements CO. Seeing according to your former diuision of naturall thinges Element is the first then what is an Element LO It is the most simple part whereof any thing is made in the distruction thereof is lastly resolued CO. Howe many elements are there LO Two according to the contemplation of Chirurgerie viz. simples or intilligibles composed o● sensibles CO. Which are the intelligibles LO Those which are knowne only by the speculatiō iudgement the which was first obserued by Hypocrates CO. How many are they in number LO They are foure according to Arist to wit the fire the ayre the water and the earth the which haue foure diuers qualities hot cold moyst and drie CO. Are these foure Elements otherwise distinguished LO They are distinguished also according to their lightnesse and heauinesse CO. Which are the light LO The fire and the ayre and seeketh vpward by reason of their lightnesse CO. Which are the heauie LO The water and the earth and by reason of their heauinesse they moue downwards CO. Which are sensible elements LO They are similar or like parts of our bodies as sayth Galen CO Howe many are they in number LO Twelue to wit the bones the cartilages flesh nerues vaines arters pannicles ligamēts tendons the skin the fat grease the marrowe to the which twelue similar partes some adde parts made of the superfluities of our bodie as the haire and nailes The fift chapter of temperamēts wherin is shewed the tēperature of mans body of euery nation and foure seasons of the yeare CO. What is Temperament LO It is a mixtion of the foure qualities of the Elements as sayth Auicen or as sayth Galen it is a confusion or mixing of hot cold drie and moyst CO. How many sorts of complexions are there LO Two to wit well tempered and composed or euill tempered CO. What is temperament well tempered LO It is that which is equally composed of the Foure qualities of the Elements of the which compositiō and substance amongst all naturall things there is but one so tempered which is the inner skin of the hand chiefly in the extremities of the fingers as sayth Galen and is called temperamentum ad pondus There is another kind of this called temperament ad Iusticiam which is according to iudgment CO. What is temperament ad Iustitiam LO It is that which is composed according to the exigence and dignitie of nature is known by his operatiōs for when any thinge naturally hath his operations verie perfit we esteeme it tempered ad Iusticiam CO. What is temperament euill tempered LO It is that in the which one Element gouerneth and hath dominion more than other as the hot doth surpasse the cold and so forth CO. How many euill temperaments are there LO There are diuers which indeede passe not the Limits of health for some surpasse the temperate in one simple qualitie some in too composed and so forth CO. How many simple qualities are there LO Foure as you haue heard hot drie colde humide in like māner there are foure composed to wit hot drie hot and humide cold and drie cold humide of the which Galen hath openly written CO. What partes of our bodies are attributed to these foure qualities LO To the heate we attribute the parts most hot of our bodies as the spirit the heart the blood the lyuer the kidnies the flesh the muscules arters veines skin and milt To the cold wee attribute the haire bones cartilage ligamēts tendio●s membraines nerues the braines the fat grease To the humide qualities the braines the blood the fat grease the flesh the papps the stones lights lyuer kidnies marrow To the drie the haire the bones cartilages membraines ligamēts tendons arters veines nerues the skinne neuerthelesse some exceede others in these qualities as you may perceiue by their order For it is necessary in healing wounds vlcers to know the tēperature of euery part for other remedies are to be vsed in hard dry parts than in soft and humide parts CO. How are the foure qualities cōpared to the foure quarters of the yere LO The spring time is hot humide most healthfull as saith Hiopocrates continueth frō the X. of March vntill the XI of Iune The sōmer begins at the XI day of Iune endeth on the XIII day of Septēber and is hot dry The Autume or haruest frō the XIII day of September vntill the XIII day of December is cold drie very vnhealthfull sickly the which sicknesses if they continue till Winter are most dāgerous The winter frō the XIII day of Decēber vntil the X. day of March is cold humide in this time of the yere men eat much ingēder abundāce of crudities of the which cōmeth diuers sicknesses Co. How many ways know yee the temperature of mans body Lo. Fiue waies to wit by the constitutiō of the whole body by the operations

poore mans guide to heale all kindes of burning in a shott time with one emplaister onely wherewith I haue had good effect at diuers times This remedie is very good easie to be had and healeth without skarre Take the barke of an Elme tree steepe it a night in water take it out in the morning ye shall perceiue a ielly on the inner side of it wipe off that ielly with a feather or thy finger anoint the sore therewith and it healeth as is aforesaid And thus we ende the Treatise of Vlcers THE SEVENTH TREATISE of Fractures and dislocations and embalming contayneth foure Chapters By Peter Low Arellian Chapter 1. Of Fractures in generall Chapter 2. Of Curation of Fractures Chapter 3. Of Dislocations generall and particular Chapter 4. Of Embalming of dead bodies The first Chapter of Fractures in generall CO Hauing intreated heretofore of maladies which happen in the soft partes as the skinne and flesh heere wee will prosecute those which happen in hard and solide partes as the boanes and first of Fractures what is then a Fracture LO It is a generall diuision or disscision or solution of continuitie in the boane CO. How many kindes of Fractures are there LO Three the first is ouertwart breaking the second in length and the third obliquely in this kinde of Fracture the the pointes of the bones enter in the flesh and causeth dolor by the pricking of the flesh and nerues CO. Are these kindes of Fractures simple or composed LO Sometime simple otherwhiles composed with wound inflamation gangren dolor and such like CO. Differ they not after another manner LO They differ according to the partes where the Fracture is as Fracture in the head nose backe legges fingers and such like CO. Which are the causes of Fractures LO Haly Abbas saith also Galen that all outward thinges that haue force to bruise breake cutte or cleaue are sufficient to cause Fracture CO. Which are the Signes of Fractures LO Auicen Rasis Celsus say that by the sight and feeling the parte with the hande thou shalt perceiue it vnequall and also feele and heare a noyse in handling harder there shall be dolor in the part CO. Which are the Iudgements of Fractures LO Fractures in hard bo●●es and drie as in olde folke are more difficill and longer in healing then soft and humide in young people Auicen saith that Fractures in chollericke and old folke are difficill in very olde folke impossible Fractures of the ribbes with inflamation spitting of bloud are most dangerous CO. Of all sorts of Fractures which are easie to heale which difficill and dangerous LO All Fractures i● the ribbes which are simple in the middest of the legges or armes and fingers made ouerthwart are not dangerous All fractures neare the ioynts and in the heads of the bones are difficill and the motion afterwards not good those which presse inward are worse than those which go out All fractures in the head how little so euer they be are dāgerous all fractures where they are many broken peces are dangerous those with wound are difficill because the bādage cannot be done without dolor of the wounde Celsus saith that fractures in the thigh are euill because the mēber remaineth alwaies shorter all those that are eminēt have much marrow are dangerous CO. Are all fractures healed in a certaine space LO Some are longer some shorter according to the greatnes hardnes and drynes fractures in the head are healed in 35. daies in the thigh in 45. daies in the legges and armer in 40. daies the nose in 16. daies the ribbes in 20. daies in the iawes the shoulder clauicles handes feete are healed in 20. daies in the haunch and point of the shoulder in 40. daies and likewise in other places according to nature of the bone the age the aire and time of the yeare and constitution of the body the dyet medicaments and gouernment of the sick which things duely done do shorten the time of the cure The defect of the aliment viscous is helped by fomēting with hot water the oft pessing and shifting it doth prolong the time as also straight ligatures so in dede there is no ●imited but some are longer some shorter time in healing as we see by day experience The second Chapter of curation of factures in Generall IN the precedent Chapter ye haue heard what fracture is with the causes signes and Iudgments now remayneth the cure for the which ye must consider first if there be inflammation to differ the reduction till it be past for to auoyd great accidēts than we must haue a quātity of whites of eggs oyle of Roses beaten together cloth cōpresses bandes fe●ules machins lacs oxycrate men to help thee with other things necessary for the purpose hauing al these in readines there remaineth yet fiue pointes the first is in extension of the member which is done by laying it on a bench or other place proper the sick being well situated there must be two persons to hold the member fractured the one at the nether part the other at the vpper part of the which one draweth vp an other down to make the extension if the hands bee not suffitient to do this wee take cords or strong cloth and bind fast the member one to the vpper part an other to the nether which shal be drawne by two men contrarie as ye haue heard For the same purpose ye may vse glossocomes if great force bee needefull beware of extensiō chiefly in dry bodies for feare of dolor feuer and conuulsion The second intentision after the extensiō is made thou shalt take the mēber softly with thy hands reduce the bones in situation naturall then lose the machins that the muscles may go to their owne naturall The third intension is to binde it well to hold it in the estate vnmouing it is done by medicament● bandage we apply for the first time an emplastrū astringēt or defensiue made of bol frie flower whites of egs oyle of roses it shal be best to rub the māber with cerat galen oyle of roses mirtill or mastick before the applicatiō of the astringēt the cloth must be wet in oxycrate the bands also Therafter bind the member of the which our auntient vsed only two kindes to wit the vnder band which Hipp. calleth Hypodesmedy the vpper band which he calleth Hypodesmos The nether band is deuided into 2. or 3. the first is short beginning right on the fracture wearing vpward toward the knee if the fracture be in the legge the volutiōs must be close together this kind of bādage letteth the fluxion on the member hurt The second band which must be longer shall begin in the same fashion making 2. or 3. circumuolutions on the fracture cōducing downwards this bandage maketh expression of the blood which was

functiōs by the countries wherin men are born by the color by the age which being al cōsirered we may iudg of euery mans cōplexion CO. How know you the tēperature of mans body by the cōstituriōs Lo. Galen saith those which are fat be cold like as fatnes is ingēdered of a cold habitude Those that be grosse full of flesh be hot because much flesh is ingēdered of great abundāce of blod as saith Auicē Co. How know you the tēperature of mās body by the operatiōs Lo. Galen saith that any creature plant or hearb is of a good temperature whē they do well their functiōs natural Co. How by the natiōs or countries know you the temperatur Lo. The people towards the South are melācholick cruel vindicatyf always timide they are subiect to bee mad furious as often chanceth in the Realme of Feze and Marock in Africk Ethiopia and Egipt where there is a great number of mad men they are also subiect to be lepre chiefly in Ethiopia they be leane pale coloured black eyed and are hot by the natural aire Galen they are also subiect to Venus gaimes because of the melancholicke spumous humor which is cause that the Kings of that countrie haue had all times a great nūber of wiues Concubines so that some haue had three hundreth foure hundreth some a Thousand as reporteth Bodin in his commonwealth They are subiect to the falling sickenesse and Scrofules and feuer quartane yet they are wise modest and moderate in their actions they are also proper for the contemplation of naturall and diuine thinges they haue little interior heate and for that cause are abstinent because they cannot digest much meate so we may saye that those people being subiect to greatest sicknesses and vices are also adorned with greatest vertues where they are good The people towards the North are cold and humide neyther so wicked nor deceytfull they are faithfull and true yet because they are of a grosser wit and more strength they are more cruell barbarous they haue greater force and are strōger by reason of the thicknes coldnes of the blood they be verie couragious for the great abundance of blood and smaler iudgment they haue great heate in their interior partes and therefore eate well and drinke better which is an vnhappie vice They are highe in stature great bodied more beautyfull than those of the South lesse giuē to the lust of the flesh lesse subiect to ielosie which is a common vice to the people towards the East as Greekes and Turkes or West as Spayne such like countries But principally the people of the South from whom is come the vse to geld men whome they call Eunuches to keepe their wiues Moreouer they who are towards the North are more laborious and giuen to artes mechanicks more proper for wars than sciences The people betwixt the South and the North as Italie Faunce and such like be almost of the Northen peoples temperature but somewhat hotter they haue lesse internall heate and force than the Northern people but more thē they of the South and therefore decide their quarrells oftener by reason than force Yet it is certaine that they of the Weste draw more to the qualities of those of the North like as those of the East to the conditions of those of the South CO. How know you by the coulor mans temperature LO Galen sayth those which are of color somewhat red yellow or blew be of a hot temperature those which are blacke white or leade color are of a cold complexiō otherwise be the foure colors the red the yellow the blacke the white the red is ordinarily sanguine the black is melancholy the yellow is collericke the white is Phlegmatick CO. How know you mans temperature by the age LO For as much as there is a perticuler of the age we will deferre it till we come to that chapter CO. By what outward marks know you euery mans cōplexion LO He of the sanguine complexion is fleshie liberall louing amiable gratious merrie ingenious audacious giuen to Venus game red coloured with diuers other qualities which sheweth the domination of the blood and it is hot and humide is in good health in sommer and in winter by reason of his humidity The cholericke is hastie prompt in all his affaires enuious couetous subtill hardy angrie valiant prodigall leane yellow coloured and is hot and drie is in good health in winter The Flegmaticke is fat soft white sleepie slothfull dull of vnderstanding heauie much spitting white coloured finallie his temperature essentiall or accidentall is cold and moist and in good health in sommer The Melancholicke which is eyther by nature or accident of colour liuide and plumbin and solitarie coward timide sad enuious curious auaritious leane weake tardife and so foorth and is cold and drie and are well in haruest As touching the complexiō of euery age you shal heare in the chapter of age and for the complexiō of euery part of the body ye shall heare in the poore mans guide The sixt Chapter of Humors CO. Thou knowest that the most part of all sicknesses proceedeth and are entertayned by some humor and sometime by sundry humors together therfore it is most necessarie that the Chirurgian know perfectly the humors of our bodies to the end he giue the better order for the curation of maladies then tell me what is an humor LO It is a thin substance into the which our nourishment is first conuerted or it is an naturall Ius that the body is intertained norished or conserued with CO. Wherof proceedeth the humors LO Of the iuice or chiles which is made in the stomack of the aliment wee are nuorished with changed by the naturall heate of the stomacke and parts neere thereto therafter brought to the lyuer by the veines meseraicks and maketh the foure humors which differeth in nature and kind CO. How many humors are there LO There are foure which represent the foure Elements aswell by the substance as qualities whereof euery thing is made Galen calleth them the elements of our body CO which are the foure humors Lo. The blood the phlegme the choller and melancholie CO. What is the blood LO It is an humor hot aerious of good consistance red coloured swete tasted most necessarie for the nourishment of the parts of our body which are hot and humide ingendered in the lyuer retayned in the veines and is compared to the aire as sayth Galen CO. What is phlegmie LO It is an humor cold and humide thyn in consistance white coloured when it is in the veines it nourisheth the parts cold and humide it lubrifieth the the mouing ef the ioynts is compared to the water CO. What is choll●r LO It is an humor hot and drie of thyn and subtill consistence black coloured bitter tasted proper to nourish the parts hot and dry it is comparrd to the fire

see in the ende of Sommer and Autumne great maladies and dangerous sometimes the plague as writeth Cardanus for it entreth into our bodies by the mouth and nose when we respire of the which often are ingendred maladies very difficill CO. Whereof proceedeth the varietie of the qualities of the ayre LO Of three thinges like as of Regions or Countries of windes and of the scituation of the place where we are CO Howe proceedeth the varietie of the ayre by Countries LO There are some which are euill tempered and others well tempered according to the Climate where they are scituated like as vnder the pole Articke and Antarticke the farre distant sunne beames which maketh the temperature extreame colde for the which it is inhabitable yet there are some habitables like as Scythia and other such Countries vnder the equinoctiall Lyne the intemperature is so extreame hotte because of the right reflexion of the Sunne especially betweene the circle Articke Cancer like as in the Antarticke and Capricorne the aire is more temperate chiefly in the middest according to the approaching of the Sunne as wee see in the foure seasons of the yeere Cardanus sayth that those Countries which are mountainous are most temperate and that a man may liue an hundreth yeeres in such places Plinie sayth that men beastes and trees are farre stronger and more barbarous in hillie partes then in other partes and that for their great libertie Those which dwell in lowe partes and valleyes are more effeminate as sayth Titus Liuius CO. Seeing the ayre is so necessary for the curation of malladies is there no way to alter and accommodate it by arte to the sicknesse LO Yes verily and for this cause Hippocrates counselleth in malladies cronickes to chaunge the ayre and countrie and in maladies commitialles to chaunge the ayre countrie and nouriture Galen counselleth those who haue vlcers in the lightes to dwell at Rome because there the ayre is very drye in common sickenesses wee helpe the ayre somewhat by Arte like as in feuers which are hotte and drie wee chuse a house which is colde and humide diuers windowes for the euentilation thereof or windes made by Arte also by casting colde water through the house by spreading and strawing of flowers and braunches of trees which are colde and humide like as violettes roses wilde vine berrie trees and such like also beware to haue many people in the chamber as counselleth Cardanus But when the sicknesses are cold and humide as feuers putrified catarres hydropises tumors pituitous wee chuse houses which are hotte and drie Also to spread and strawe flowers hearbes braunches of trees which are hotte and drie as cammomile sage lauander marierome spinnage and such like Vnder the signification of the ayre in this place wee vnderstand all manner of windes little and great the which is most necessarie to be considered because they doe not onely alter and chaunge the body but also the spirite It goeth by the nose to the braine by the mouth to the heart by the pores of the skinne and mouing of the arters thorough all the bodie it furnisheth the aliment to our spirites for this cause the diuine Hippocrates noteth that the good and euill disposition of our spirites and humours dependeth of the constitution of the ayre and windes For wee see where there is great trouble varietie of windes the people are arrogant difficill to be gouerned and very cruell CO. Seeing that of the winde these accidentes fall let me knowe what is Winde LO Hippocrates saith it is no other thing but an vnstable motion of the ayre the which beeing stirred by some motion it purgeth CO. What nature is it of LO It is hotte and drie like as it is made of an exhalation hotte and drie CO. Howe many diuers sortes of windes are there LO There are foure principall to wit Eurus from the East hot and drie Zephyrus from the West colde and humide Auster frō the South hot humide putrifactiue it passeth by the sea Mediterrane Boreas frō the North cold drie resisting against putrifaction Arist attributeth two collaterall to each of these foure so in all maketh 12. some make two and thirtie like as the Marriners but the exact contemplation of these matters is not much requisite in a Chirurgian Bodin saith in his common wealths that the winds make great varietie in vs for in countries where the wind is violent great the people are turbulent in spirite and there where the woundes are not so violent the people are of a more quiet spirit CO. What meane you by scituation or place LO I meane as to be scituated towards the sea stanks dubbs mosses and such as you haue heard also those who haue no other aspect but eyther to the South which is humide and putrifactiue or to the West which is cold and humide Also to be dwelling in ground which is fat the aire is hot and humide and in ground that is full of Sand hot and drie and in Marsh grounde and Fennes cold and humide or in Stonie grounde which is colde and drie Titus Liuius sayth that the places change the nature of our bodies as those which dwell in Mountaines differ from those which dwell in lowe places also sayth he those places and Countries which are fertill the men are ordinarily Cowards giuen to lust the Countries and places barren the people are more hardie and ingenious quicke spirited Arist sayth those that dwell in cold Regions are proude cruell and barbarous in their manners verie strong in hot countries they are wise and more fearefull those which dwell in low Marsh Countries are dull sleepie the which proceedeth of the disposition of the aire The second Chapter of meate and drinke CO. Seeing the aliment is no lesse to be cōsidered for the preseruatiō of the health than the aire it is necessarie to know what is aliment with the diuers sorts thereof LO Aliment is that which augmenteth and nourisheth our bodi●● CO. How many kinds of alimentes are there LO There are diuers sorts like as flesh fishes hearbes fruites corne drinke naturall artificiall condimentes simple and compound CO. Are they all vsed after one intention LO No they are of diuers natures and must bee vsed in diuers manners according to the temperature of the bodie as writeth Cardanus CO. What sort of norriture ought we to vse most commonly LO That which nourisheth well ingendreth good iuice of the which Galen his wryting in his bookes of the facultie of Aliments and in the booke of Conseruation of health as also Hipocrates in diuers places CO. In the vsing of Alimentes how many things are there to bee obserued LO Nine to wit the goodnes the quantitie the qualitie the vse and custome the appetite the order the hower the age and time of the yeare CO. First then we must consider that he who woulde haue his bodie entertayned in good health must vse meates

better Some keepe them ten or twelue dayes chaunging the water once in two or three dayes after the which manner they may be kept a whole yeere in glasses or pottes of earth chaunging the water once in x. dayes wee vse them for the same purpose as scarrifications and in such places where ventouses cannot bee applied as in the lippes gummes legges fundament mouth of the matrix such partes as are emptie of fleshe as nose fingers toes also about olde vlcers and apostumes of the emunctoires and others that are venenous rubbing the parte ye put them on till it grow redde They draw onely superficially the bloud which is in the flesh and so are good pro morbis subter cutaneis if they be applied on the fundament they make euacuation from all the members The part where wee applie them must be cleane otherwise they will not bide thereafter take them with a piece of cleane cloth handle them softly not touching them with the bare hand hold their head to the part you would haue them bite for the more easie doing thereof we put a drop of Pigeons or Chickins blood on the part or pricke the part a little to cause the blood to come out then if you would haue them drawe much cut the endes of them with the sheeres to let the blood runne otherwise when they fall of apply freshe in their place or put on twoo or three in the begining as ye find expedient To make them fall sooner yee shall put a corne of salt or drop of vineger on their heade or a fewe ceudres or seperate them with a horse haire If after the fall the place bleede much wee apply cotton or burnt cloth or cloth wet in cold water or halfe a beane clouen and bound on it If there be venenositie in the part after they fall we foment the place with water and salt sometime a cornet or little ventouse The fourth Chapter of Seton the qualities of it and way to apply it SEton which the Latins call Seta is no other thing but a little cord which in old time was made of haire or thread and now of silk or cloth or wollen yarne is drawen through the skin with a needle for the purpose in sundry parts of our bodies for diuers occasions as ye shall heare First and most commonly we apply it in the neck betwixt the and fift thirde vertebre sometime lower downe and is good to diuert draw away fluxion on the eyes Cattarrs which come from the head and fall on the stomack and gummes lightes back and other parts of the body Secondly we apple it on the nauell when it is swollen with water and humors Thirdly in the codds for waterie tumors contayned in those parts as also for those that are Hydropick Fourthly we apply them on wounds which passe out through for the better euacuation of the matter they are applyed eyther as did our auntients or without fire as now is commonly done for the doing whereof we set the sick in a chaire then one taketk the neck behind or other part where ye will apply it equallie in his hands neyther more on the one side nor the other the one hand lower downe and the other more vpward leauing a space betwixt the hands Then the Chirurgian shall take hold of the same with his pincers for that purpose therafter p●rce it with a sharp needle through both the holes of the pincers being first threaded with the Seton or Cord beware yee prick not the Muscle of the Neck thereafter holding the skin with the pincers cause the sick moue his head so ye shall easily perceiue if the Muscle be taken hold of and if it be let go the gripe and take onely the skin and draw through the Needle and Seton which shal be an ell in length or there-abouts great like a Goose quill take the Needle and let the Seton remaine and rubbe it with digestiue fresh Butter or Cerat Galen with an emplaster of Cerat or such like for Two or Three dayas thereafter Diapalma or Beronica some put onely Woodbynd leaues drawing it a little euery day in the Morning and at Night it being almost neare the end ye shall draw it the other way by this meanes it will serue a Moneth or Sixe weeks When ye will change it sow an other new Seton to the end thereof in such sort that it slipp not in the through going so cut away the old and leaue the new and so continue so long as shal be expedient that is till the humor be well euacuated vsing in the meane time some meete remedies vntill the humor be diuerted intercepted and euacuated Some vse this a yeare or Two according to the greatnes of the disease purge the body afore ye apply it and after it is taken away The fift Chapter of Canters Actuall and Potentiall CAnter called by the Latins Canterinum is a thing which hath vertue to burne rhe fleshe bones or any part where it is applyed whereof there are two sorts to wit actuall and potentiall The actuall is that which actually doth burne and is made of Gold Siluer brasse Iron or Lead in diuers fashions according to the maladie and part where they are applyed as ye haue heard in wounds and vlcers yet most commonly they are vsed for Foure causes first in staunching of blood in veines and arters secondly for Gangrens and Mortification Carbuncles and Bubones excepting alwayes when there is no inflammation in the part thirdly in bones that are rotten for it is enemy to rottennts helpeth the separation of the bones fourthly in maling vlcers and byting of venemous beasts The canter potentiall which the Latins call Canterium Potentiale or Pyroticum is that which hath the force by extreame heate to burne the part where it is applyed but actually as the other and is composed of diuers matter that are for the most part extreame hot like as Cartharide● Vitrioll Tartar Arsnic Orpiment Sublimat strong water oyle of vitrioll Cloues Sage and Brimstone or of dyuers oth●r thinges as the ashes of the Oake or Figge tree of Vines or Beane stalkes quick lyme salt Nitre Armoniack Axungia vi●ri Granley all which ye may vse together or some of them in water which we call Capitellum or Lixiui●um and is eyther strong or weake according to the Ingredientes For the making of the which ye shall take a certaine of these thinges and steepe them in water three or foure dayes sturring it Morning and Euening thē passe it through a cloth seeth it on the fire in a pan of brasse till it be cōgealed to salt which being taken from the fire shal be cut in little peeces and put in glasses close stopt that no ayre enter in The way to make diuers sorts of Canters is thus take the ashes of the vine quick lyme graneley axungia vitri an halfe a pound allom and vitrioll roman of ech

6 ounces steepe them in 15 pintes of water in an earthen pot the space of 5. or 6. dayes stirring it euery day as yee haue heard then power out the water and leaue the grounds keepe it in glasses or seeth it till it grow to salt as ye haue heard if it grow thick put thereto halfe an ounce of opi●● dissolued in aquauitae which both appeseth the dolor and maketh the scarre soft An other excellent way is Rec. axungiae vitri li. se salis gemmae onc 6. sublimati onc se cineris sarmentorū et truncorum fabarum an li. se aquae li. 10. infundantur et fiat capi tellum in fine coctionis ●dde drag 2. opij Otherwise thus take ashes of oake and vine graneley stalkes of beanes an like quantitye steepe them in water and make your Capitell putting thereto a little quick-lyme this Canter is commonly vsed by Seuerinus Pineo Hierome de la Now Doctors in Chirurgerie Cantion in applying of Canter THe Canters are appyed in diuers places taking heede to the complexion of the person and nature of the part by reason it worketh sooner in one part than an other in bodies Cacochymick purge and bleede afore ye apply them beware of neruous and membranous partes ends of the muscles veines and arters Certaine places where Canters are applyed for sundry diseases THey are applied for the most part in all the partes of the heade for diuers diseases as on the fore-head at the ioyning of the suture sagittall with the coronall penetrating to the boane is good for Fluxion on the eyes the Migrim and other dolors of the head the Epilepsie difficultie of breath Opthalmie rednesse of the face paine of the teeth eares and ●quinancie We applie them behinde and aboue the eares taking heed of the muscle cratophite for the more assuraunce of the which cause the sicke must close and open his mouth that we may perceiue where the saide muscle endeth by the motion thereof Wee applie in the necke and arme for Catarrhes and distillations of the head to drawe it away and stoppe it from falling on the thorax or some chiefe Parte and are put on the inside of the arme about the middest neere the veines and arters but not touching veine arter nor nerue for assurance of the which holde your finger on the parte cause the sicke to moue his arme so yee may easily perceiue if there bee any thing vnder it Wee apply them on the legges within 3. inches to the knee either on the inner or outside as the disease requireth and is good for the Sciaticke and vlcers in the legges feete They are also applyed in diuers other partes of the body to giue issue to the matter contayned and where there is vehement dolor or humor or maligne vapor and in the emunctoires to giue issue to the humor which shall be done afore the ripenesse thereof The way to applie Canters FIrst marke the place with thy finger or a spot of incke next make a little emplaister hauing a little hole in the middest either broad or long as ye shall thinke good put on the emplaister in such sort that the marke of the incke appeare through the hole and then applie your canter according to the quantitie ye would haue the issue of and put an other emplaister aboue and binde it letting it remaine till it worke the effect you require if the first hath not gone deepe enough apply another on the same after the foresaid manner which being done take away the emplaister and lay on the place to separate the burnt from the whole a little oyle of roses turpentine butter and a little iris of Florence or otherwise a little butter alone or basilicon Some after the first emplaister is taken off cutte away that which is burnt with a Bistorie others cutte it crosse wise therafter put to the medicament and it falleth easily of it selfe being fallen the issue must be holden open till such time the sicknesse be whole for the which it was made Some to holde it open put a great peaze or balle of golde or siluer of the same greatnesse I vse certaine balles which last sixe monethes and are made thus Take waxe onc 3. verde greece orpiment and hermodactes an onc 2. sublimat and pouder of cantharides an onc se with a litle res●n In stead of the emplaister I vse a certaine cloth made with certaine stuffe which lasteth fiue or sixe monethes likewise wiping it and vsing sometime one side sometimes another and is made thus Rec. empl●stri triaformacili se cerae albae onc 2 camphorae onc 2. litargiri auri puluerizati onc 2. spici nardi onc 1. olei oliua●um onc 1. se misce omnia simul thereafter dippe a cloth therein and cutte it in peices to serue as yee haue heard it is good for colde humors vlcered Sometime wee are constrained to continue these thinges longer and euery yeere we place them sometime higher lower and sidewise that the mattir may auoide the better Sometime they waxe hard and callous which is consumed by such remedies as ye haue heard set downe in callous Vlcers the excrescence of fleshe which sometime groweth is taken away by such remedies as ye haue heard in Vlcers The sixte Chapter of Bathes and their Effectes BAthing as by the learned Hierodotus is at large declared is a washing and steeping of the whole body for the better preseruation and conseruation of mans health and recouerie of that which is lost which was had in great vse and custome amongest the Auncientes as among the Greekes also among the Arabes and Latines and is also very much vsed and practised in all Nations in these our dayes whereof there are two sortes one naturall and an other artificiall The naturall are saide to bee such as come and proceede naturally out of the ground and are alwayes warme and hotte of themselues but yet are reported to be of diuers sorts qualities and vertues according to the diuersitie of the places from whence the water commeth and proceedeth as if it come from Salt Allom Sulphur Brasse Copper Golde Iron and such like The Salt is good for pi●uitous colde and humide Maladies Hydropsie dolors paynes and aches of the belly stomacke matrix and kidneis also it is good for all Catarrhes Epilepsie dolors of the bladder head stomacke and eares whites of women and scabbes generally through all the body as is at large discoursed and s●t downe by Galen The Alluminous are drying and heating and is good for all colde and humide diseases and sickenesses vomiting of bloud staying the hemerrhoides the monethly course of women aborting with childe varices on the legges hydropsie maligne vlcers ●otten waterie ●umors for all sortes of vomiting The Sulphurous are drying in the 4. degree heale the partes neruous which are cold humide soften the hard parts appease dolor comfort the stomacke milte they are