of his moste terrible temptations but God who rewardeth and recompenceth all thinges made an end of that conflict prescribing the Feend his limitts how farre he should extend his tyranny Whereby we are to learne and vnderstande that deuils can nothinge preuaile against vs neither do any further harme to vs thē it pleaseth God to suffer and permit them to do Now albeit their vse and fashion is manye sondry wayes to assault men which way to hurte them yet specially they seeke trye all such meanes as they can to vanquishe and seduce them with those inclynations and properties that are peculiar naturall and indifferente to all Thus do they incite and egge those that abound with Bloud and be sanguine complexioned to riot wātonnesse drunkēnes wastfulnes prodigality flithy and detestable loues horrible lustes incest and buggerie Them that be Cholericke to testines anger to brawling and chydinge contention rayling quarellinge fightinge murther robbery sedition discord and to put all these in proofe and practize they will minister many allurements and sondry occasions Them that be Melācholique vnto enuy emulation bitternesse hatred spright sorcery fraude subtlety deceipte treason sorrow heauinesse desperation distrust and last of all to a lamētable and shamefull end Them that be phlegmatick they helpe forward to slouth drowsynesse bitternesse sluggardy slacknes sleapines rechlesse vnhedynes and to a despysinge of all vertuous and good exercyses And furthermore as pure subtyle ayre breatheth into lyuīg Creatures into greene herbs a liuely and holsome spirite so likewise the good Angels imparte holesome ayre and with a pleasaūt sweete inspiratiō refresh our inward minds Againe as a pestilente winde induceth sickenesse and infection so do euill Spirites exhale breath out a pestiferous poyson to the mindes of men bring mischiefe and destruction For by them came the first spot ruine and destruction of mankinde so that there was no other way to bryng him to his first excellency dignity and perfection but onely by that most wōderful restorer Christ. And because the imbecillitye weakenes of mās nature is such that hee is not able to withstande the subtile ambushes deuises of this his moste raginge ennemy Sathan Christe being ascended into Heauen caused to be sent downe a Comforter to hold vs vp and giue vs inuincible courage against all the deuils crafty suggestiōs This is he that inspyreth into our mynds sondry good giftes assuringe vs of the good will of God towards vs and shakinge away all distruste bringeth vs by Christ vnto the father For he stirreth vp and comforteth our mindes and encourageth vs in such sort that boldlye with an assured truste we dare to hope and aske all thinges of him and cry vnto him for helpe by the name of Father Moreouer y Spirite which God hath inspyred into our harts doth certify and witnesse wyth our Spyrits that wee be his Sonnes and Heyres yea Coheyres wyth Christe The spyrite of God therefore confyrming oure mindes doth engraffe in vs fayth grounded vppon the word of God which fayth engendreth an assured trust confidence toward him wyth an vndoubted hope to obtaine his promises And forasmuche as these vertues be not ydle they do produce and bringe forth moste plentifull fruites of Charity to the perfourmaunce wherof the holy Ghoste the Comforter with his strēgth armeth vs and with his ayde protecteth vs in the truth to continue and perseuer constant stedfast and immutable wythout being seduced and caryed lightly into erronious opiniōs and superstition which is nothinge els as Eusebius witnesseth but a false and counterfeyte shadowe of true Relligion grounded vpon no sounde doctrine or foundation of Scripture In this sorte according to the saying of the Poet Horace Most of v's Poets old and yonge Mistake for vertue vice and wronge VVith cloake of vertue clad is vice deceyuing many one By bearing face and outvvarde shevve of honestie alone Seueritie it counterfaictes in deede yet nothing lesse Behauour counmaunce rayment gate All smelles of vertuousnes Yea borovved names of honestie and Vertue geeuen bee To vices as the cancard Chuffe and Snudge vvith vvealth and fee Is compted one that geuen is to thrift and husbandrie And it oftentimes falleth out sayth Cicero that many in seeking after the best thinges misse their purpose and are deceyued not so much vppon wyll as by mystaking theyr way and vsinge a wrong course Thus doth S. Paule deeme the Jewes not altogether forlorne and estraunged from godlynesse but ledde wyth a certayne feruentnes and zeale to Godward although not accordinge to knowledge so that they do not altogether erre in their affection towarde Godlynes but rather vppon ignoraunce and lacke of better vnderstandinge and because they go blindlye to worke and folter in their dealinges without any iudgemente they are destitute of the Spirit of god Wythin the leuell and daunger of this vice are al they that obstinately either maintaine or wilfully suffer anye olde inueterate errours such as can abyde nothinge of all that to be altered which by little and litle hath crept into vse by custome had some continuance Which mē if they had within them this bounteous Spirite no doubte there would not be such diuersity of opinions and doctrine in mens myndes as nowe there be But let no man thinck these thinges to be superfluously spoken or cleane besyde the purpose neyther let him lay in my dishe this sayinge of Horace A Flagon first began VVhy comes novv out a pitcher small or little pretie Canne For the heauenly Spirite is the guyde gouernour of the Spyrites of mans bodye which are then more qualefyed quieted and kept vnder better order when they be gouerned and ledde by the conducte and direction of this Spyrite For if they once begin tumultuously to ruffle styre vp sedition wythin the bodye This Spirite their fumishe fits restraynes And them to quiet order traynes ¶ Of the Elements of Humaine body and of the first qualities of beginnings of generation where of man consisteth and is made The fourth Chapter ALl the Complexion temperamente of mās bodye proceedeth from the powers of the Elementes and not of the Humours and of them is the whole bodye tempered and compounded The Elements be in number foure Fyre Earth Ayre and Water and vnto them are appendant so many qualytyes Hoate Colde Moyst Drye which of the Ayre encompassyng vs and of oure meates nourishinge vs do take and conceyue eyther profite or harme For being eyther in excesse or defecte the qualityes are depraued and corrupted and throughe theyr corruption engender many and sondry diseases But the thinges which dispose and affect our bodyes are sayth Galen of two sortes the one takyng his beginning euen at our Natiuity and byrth deryued and issuying from the very prynciples of Generation as from a roote which possiblie cannot bee auoyded the other such as man may declyne as
al dry persons 55 Cause of fearefulnes in daungers 93 Cause vvhy many die in lustiest age 3 Charles the V. 91 Chaste lyuing 7. 107 Chaunge in old men daungerous 51 Children forgetfull and vvhy 16. muste not bee skanted of reasonable victualles 27. vvithout beardes vvhy 41. sleepie 58. stirring quicke vvhy 97. remembring thinges done long agoe 121. Childehoode 29 Choler 86. of tvvo sortes 127. the office and propertie therof 128 Choler by vvhat partes of the body it is purged 128. 133. Choler pale or citrine 132 Choler yolkie 133. Leekish or greene ibid. Rustie or Brassye 134 Cholericke folkes dreame many dreadful dreames 132 Cholericke persons great flouters 99 Christ for bodely shape a patcine of perfection 37. voyde of al ill affections 38 Clysters 118 Cocke hovv to make him crovv cōtinually vvith out ceassing 127 Cold the decay of lyfe 60. vvasteth colour 65 Cold bodies not altogether vvithout heate 60 Cold persons drovvsie and vnvveldie 65 Colde thinges stirre vp appetite ibidē Comparison betvvene a common vvealth and a body humaine 11 Cōpoūd medicines named of some of the chiefe ingredientes 32 Compound complexions four 84 Complexion moyst 78 Complexion drye 65 Complexion cold 60 Complexion hoate 38 Complexion temperate and perfect 33 Complexion hoate and moist 87. subiect to putrefaction 103 Complexion colde and moyst 107 Complexion hoate and drye or cholericke 127 Cōplexion cold and dry or melancholicke 135. Concorde in a Realme 12 Concord in mannes body 84 Cōtinēcie chastity a speciall gyft of God. 107 Contempt of God and his vvord punished 144 Contrition 145 Conuenient exercise holsome 7 Coriander 126 Countenaūce outvvard bevvrayeth the affectiō of the mynde invvardely 156 Countenaunce the image of the mynde 36 Counterfeit gate 36 Colour shevveth the complexion 89 Coūsellours levvdly disposed do much harm to youth 98 Counsel good profitable to youth 99 Coughe 109 Creatures moste cold in touching 61 Crasis 32 Crisis 102 Cruditie hurtfull 9. 118 Custome that is il must by little and little be altered 50 Curiositie in searching highe mysteries 77 D DAuid slevve a Lyon a Beare Goliah 44 Death vvhat it is 135. 28. Death eyther violent or naturall 67 Death by yll dyet and surphet hastened before his tyme. 3 Death of it selfe dreadful 67 Death to the faythfull not terrible nor dreadful 30 Death vvithout any payne 93 Dead persons heauier then liuing vvhy 5 Degrees of heate in man. 34 Democritus nature alvvayes laughing 36 Description of a body perfectly temperate 34 Deuil a crafty and slye spirite 22. hovv he learneth the thoughtes of mā 23. his long experyence in mischiefe ibid. his temptations ibidē hovv farre he is able to hurt ibidem Dyet for colde persons 65 Difference betvveene sanguine and cholericke folke 99 Dynner 156 Diseases proceding of phlegme 109. of Catarrhes and Rheumes 110 Diseases of the Splene or Milt 142 Discorde and dissention in a country vvhat mischiefe it bringeth 12 Disturbers of publique tranquillitie muste bee rooted out 11 Diuersitie in natures 14 Diuersity in opinions 88 Doggish appetite 116 Dogdayes 47 Doltes 101 Dreames after perfect concoction in the night happen not in vayne 37. 95 Dreames shevv the disposition and complexion of the bodie 112 Dreames naturall are interpretable ibid Dreames diuine ibid. Dreames peculier to phlegmatik persons ibid. Dreames not rashly to be credited 113 Dronkardes sleepy and vvhy 58 Dronkardes stammer and dovvble in their speache 111. their sundry condicions 149. in the act of generation vveake lumpishe and feeble ibidem Dycers 101 E EAsterlye people fearful and timerous 13 Education altereth nature 16. 99 Eele beinge dead floateth not aboue the vvater 111. Eyes 80 Elementes of mannes bodie 25. 86 Elementes fovver 26 Emptines 55 Englishmen 18. vvel coloured 48. sumptuous at their table ibid. England for cleanlynesse neatnes praised 47 Englishmē more subiect to the Svveate then other nacions 102 English Svveat vvhen and vvhere it began ibid. Erick kinge of Svveden 16 Euery mā must search out his ovvn inclinatiō 6 Euery member in the bodie serueth to some necessary vse 12 Euery part of the body hath his seuerall office vertue 108 Euills must be cured by their contraries 47 Exercise conuenientlye vsed verye holsome 7. vvhat profite cōmeth thereof 51. order therof 52. sortes thereof 53. vvhen to be vsed 104. Exercise fitte for crookebacked persons 53. F. Fayth bringeth foorth good vvorkes 24 Fasting persō heauier thē one that hath eatē meate 5 Famished persons dye the seuenth day 151 Feare of death vvorse then death it selfe 93 Fishes hauing vvarme bloud 61 Fishes liuing long after they be taken out of the vvater ibid. Fish ill for surly and solitary persons 61 Flemminges 17 Foode holsommest to eate 111 Forgetfulnesse of some thinges is best 121 Forme of a common vvealth 11 Foules hard of digestion 65 Foure naturall povvers or Vertues 9 Frenchmen 18. prompt and readie vvitted 19 French kinge killed at the Tylt 54 Friction 73. Sixe sorts thereof ibid. Fulnesse of stomacke hurtfull 54 G. Gall the fountain and vvelspring of anger 148 Garden herbes good for cold bodies 66 Generation of milke 108 Generation of sperme ibid. Germaines 16 Good dyet 19 Good for euery mā throughly to knovv his ovvn complexion 1 Grosse bloud 13 H. HArte the fountayn of lyfe 9 89 Hare maketh melancholicke nourishment 133. being hunted and chased is muche holsōmer ibid. good for many purposes in physicke ibidem Harme to a Realme and to a body first procedeth from the head 110 Harme of venerye and carnall copulation vvith vvomen Vide carnal acte Hayre blacke 39. 41. Curled 39. Yealovve 41. 129. VVhite ibid. Red ibid. Aburne ibid. Hayres hoare 112 Head harmed by the disorder of the lovver mēbers 104 Head and stomacke engendrers and receptacles of phlegme 109 Heate likened to the Sūne and moysture to the Moone 78 Heate causeth boldenesse 43 maketh good colour 64. Health vvhat it is 1. passeth gold or treasure 2 Health asvvell of mynde as of body to be cared for because the one cannot vvell be vvithout the other 2 Health sundry vvayes assaulted crushed and altered 29 Heraclitus nature alvvayes vveping 36 Herbes that are venemous 62 Herbes prouoking vrine 71 Herbes good for the memorie 125 Herbes hoat good for cold bodies 66 Hoate complexion 38. Tokens thereof 39 Hoarinesse in meates 112 Hoarcenesse 109 Hollanders 16. forgetfull and sleepie ibid. Holsome aire 19. as necessary for bodyly healthe as holsome meat and drincke 26 Holsome exhortation 156 Holy ghost vvhat he vvorketh in vs. 24 Humours are chaunged one into another 3 Humours ministre occasion vnto each seuerall complexion to ensue seuerall vices 23 Humours grosse as hurtfull to the mind as dead vvine to the body 84 Humours after a sort are the elements of man. 85. 86. Humours of more force then the Planets 10 Hungry sicknesse 65 Husbandry praysed 54 I IAundise 128 Idlenesse 64. maketh the body fatte colde ibid. Imagination of man euil from his birthe 14. 19.
to keepe his body in right good plight and order For as Galene witnesseth The keepinge of a good temperamente and order is a singuler ayde and helpe to conserue the naturall faculties and to cheerishe the spirites And as vnkindly blastes and vncouth whyrlewyndes do sondrywyse affect our bodyes and not of men onely but also of Beastes Corne and Plants eyther throughe their tomuch moystnes or tomuch drynesse or finally by their nipping cold or parching heate Euen so the Spirites within vs eyther throughe their aboundaunce or qualitie engender bringe forth sondry affectes in vs and manifestly alter y state aswel of body as of mind For where the Spirites be grosse thicke and cold it happeneth the minde to be ouerclowded as the dymmed Sunne not to shyne brighte out And this is the reason that persons in this sort affected haue duller wittes and blunter capacities For proofe wherof we are to see and consider such as are borne and bred neere to the Pole Articke ycie Sea who for the most part are very huge stronge bodyed but for witte and learning mere doltes Asseheads albeit this Nacion through the greate care singuler wysedome of the moste noble Prince Erick kinge of Svveden is nowe trayned to more ciuill order haue their mindes wyth goodlye qualityes right vertuously adourned But such as haue their Spirits moderatelye cold are persons constant sted fast and faythfull to deale withal and euery thing which they ateÌ„pte is aduisedlye and earnestly done so that lightlye they wil not start from their once conceyued opinion but by reason of their coldnes fayntnes of heate excepte industrious education cause the contrary commonly they be not very quick witted nor of very precise iudgemeÌ„t neither yet craftye and deceitfull nor such as by suttle driftes wylinesse seeke to supplaÌ„te and vndermyne their ennemie But they that haue moyst spirites so that the same be moderate eyther by the nature of the region or quality of the ayre where they dwell are quicke and readye conceyuers of anye thinge but not long retayninge the same in memorie but forgetting as quicklye as they conceyue speedelye Euen like to very moyst and softe waxe that wil not easely take anye printe or forme And therefore they bee oblyuious sleepie vnapte to learne Artes and oecupations dull witted and grosse headed and as they haue bodyes burlye bigge moyste so is their memorie ill and forgetfull which iudgement is also to be giuen of those bodyes which bee constituted in a vehemente drynesse And hereuppon it commeth that olde men by meanes of their drynesse ioyned with coldnes are obliuious so are ChildreÌ„ likewyse by reasoÌ„ of theyr tomuche moystnes And these qualities make men also fearefull timorous and faintharted in repulsinge and sufferinge mishappes and aduersitie which is a thing peculiar to women-kinde Notwithstanding education institution and discipline altereth the vsuall nature and ordinary conditions of euery Region for we see the common sorte and multitude in behauiour and maners grosse and vnnurtured whereas the Nobles and Gentlemen altering theyr order diet and digressing from the common fashion of their pezantly countreymeÌ„ frame themselues theirs to a verye commendable order and ciuill behauiour But if this moystnes bee with measurable heate somwhat warmed as it is in them which dwel in playne and open Countryes where fewe Trees grow as in Zeland where coÌ„monly in wynter the people be greeuously nipped with cold in SoÌ„mer scorched with parching heate those countreymeÌ„ I say as they haue bodies big stroÌ„g toyling painful laborious burly limms boisterous meÌ„bers rough skiÌ„nes so likewise haue they miÌ„ds stubborne churlish testie vncurieous clubbish vnmanerly notwithstanding they be of iudgemente sharpe of industrious forecast for tradê of marchanÌ„dise very ready and skilful and in their dealings right warie and cyrcumspecte The rest of the Low CouÌ„tryefolks being better stored with Trees ouershadinge and defendinge them from wynds and which dwell in soyles of holesomer ayre wherin is lacke neither of pleasauÌ„t running ryuers or delightfull Springes of freshe water to fructifye the same are of mylder nature not so blunte as the others but of them some be wyser and fitter to atchieue any waighty matter then other some be So the Flemynges for pythynesse in their speach and subtility of inuention are very excellent Brabanders setting asyde all sternenes and seuerity wyth their deceÌ„t meery natures and freÌ„dly curtesye winne the hartye good willes of men yea wyth a certayne pleasaunte grace facility of speach and allurementes of woordes they ordinarily enterlard their grauity But if the breast and brayne bee endued wyth a Spirite perfused wyth temperate moysture and heate such as be of that speciall constitution are in their dealinges watchfull sharpe industrious in forecast quicknes of wit industry of nature excellencie of learninge notable vtteraunce and flowinge eloquâ—nce surpassing other men Finally such personnes wil beare in memorie a long time things past and will not lightly suffer any grudge to grow out of remeÌ„brauÌ„ce And if any wronge bee done vnto them they will reuyue the memory therof after many yeares yea so destrous bee they of reuenge that they will not forgette a priuate grudge or offence euen amonge themselues Which affection I do ascribe vnto heate which doth so exceedinglye exulcerate distemper their mynds wyth indignacion that humour and moystnes is not able to alay queÌ„ch and qualefye it So vnstayedlye for the more parte be the myndes of this people caryed with wilful motions somewhyle inwardly and closely keepyng within theyr owne brestes theyr conceyued deuises and somewhyle openly to the world bursting out in hoate termes of outrage VVith choler hoare and raging fittes their brestes so boyle and svvell That pipkins full of purging drouges can neither quench ne quell Neere approching to them in quality but yet somewhat differing are Englishmen who being of heate more weake and lesse boylinge as the which is well enter medled ouercome and qualefyed by moystnes are of stature comely and proportionable of body lustie and well complexioned But to the studies of humanity not so greatly giuen and in exquistie Artes not so well furnished But if they hold on their course as they beginne I meane to apply theyr mindes to worthy and excellent matters theyr dexterity for the attaynment of any notable atchieuaunce surpasseth and theyr forwardnes to anye Artes or mysteries is fouÌ„d to be right apt inclynable And because they haue somwhat thick spyrits sleÌ„derly perfused wyth heate they wil stomacke a matter vehemently and a long time lodge an inward grudge in their heartes whereby it happeneth that when theyr rage is vp they will not easily be pacifyed neither caÌ„ theyr high and hauty stomackes lightly be conquered otherwyse then by submission yelding to theyr minde and appetite But if the spyrite through heate of the hearte
and quality of the ayre or region be very hoate it likewyse bringeth forth and causeth hoate and quicke motions yet such as by reason of their tenuitie and thinnesse by litle litle wil be cooled And this is the cause that some of them when their bloud is vp will rashlye and vnaduisedlye attempte any thinge and not eare for any perills so they may bring to passe what their desire is to compasse Also when they conceiue in minde the doing of any thing as they be at the beginninge marueylous wilful tooto heady with mighte main to set forward their purpose hardly admitting anye counsel to the contrary so againe their minds many times be wauering vnstedfast and vnquiet except their inclinacions by the reyne of reason be the better bridled Their fickle and vnstedie heades novv this novv that deuise They flote in fancie to and fro and vvrangle sondry vvise Which thinge is commonly incident to angry persons and such as be desyrous of reuenge and to suche also as haue somewhere fixed their loue inordinately whose minds flootinge and ballancinge vp and downe with varietie of phantasies are easely and quickly caryed hither and thyther by affection neyther stedfast nor aduysedly resoluing vppon any certaine resolution But this Countrye borne people if they earnestly frame themselues to the attaynemente of anye Artes though the same be neuer so hard and curious yet do they profite in the same wonderfully cary away great commendation Such as haue thinne spirites temperatelye hoate haue sharpe and ready wittes and prompt and flowing vtteraunce vppon whom also these gifts of nature are bestowed that for deuyse and inuention they be very sharpe and ingenious for braue settinge oute and beautifyinge of a matter plentyfull and copious and suche as for the explayning of their meaninges and purposes haue talke and tongue at will. And as touching the inward inclination of their mindes and maners they be liuely felowes lusty dapper nimble lackinge no grace of pleasaunte gesture Manye of them which lacke good bringing vp and haue not beene trayned in learning and ciuilitie are of disposition wauering vnconstant captious deceitfull falseharted destrous of alterations and tumultes babblatiue and full of muche vaine tattling in consultacion and counsell so suttle and craftie that whatsoeuer they once conceyue in mynde or purpose to do without delay that do they iudge best forthwith to be enterprysed out of hande to be atchieued and whereunto so euer they addict their mindes therin proue they right excellente Seing therefore the diuersitie of spirits and the differences of wittes and maners proceedeth of the condition and nature of the Place Ayre Countrey and nourishmente let euery man foresee in himself which way he may best prouide for the maintenaunce of his health and to shunne all such thinges as may in any wise harme annoye crushel or empaire either his health or Spirits It is therefore most expediente to obserue the best order of diet and life that conueniently maye be folowed and to liue in the holesommest ayre For these be the things that restore health when it is decayed or empaired and which make the Spirites most pure and syncere For if the bodye do abounde and be full of ill humours if the Spirites bee vnpure and the brayne stuffed full of thicke fumes proceedinge of humours the bodye and Soule consequentlye cannot but suffer hurte and bee thereby likewise damnifyed Hence proceedeth as from the verye cause such rauing dotage distraughtnes of righte witts hence issueth blockishnes foolishnes madnes and furie in so much that they thinck sometimes to see those thinges that are not before their senses to see and to heare suche woordes as no man speaketh For imaginatiō in them is marred common sense which iudgeth and discerneth all thinges is preiudiced memorye decayed sighte dymmed their eyes dazelled and all the faculties of the Soule that is to saye all the naturall powers whereby it accomplisheth all his functiōs are enfeebled perfourme their offices duties and operations both faintly and remissely But if the Spirite animall be perfectly pure ayrie such as is the sent of Bloud exactlye laboured not onely the sight of their eyes is cleare and good but all the other Senses both external and internall are perfecte and perfourme their functions and ministeries orderlye duelie and conueniently ¶ Of the Spirit vniuersall generally inspired into the whole world all the parts therof Which being from God aboue breathed put into man infuseth and endueth his minde wyth speciall and peculiar giftes And by the waye also in this Chapter is entreated of good and ill Angells which being entermingled with the humours spirites cause sondry chaūges and mutations in mens minds The thirde Chapter THat power of the Spirite which is infused and breathed by God aboue into these lower bodyes is it that disposeth and moueth this frame and masse of the world fostereth strēgtheneth and cheerisheth all that is wythin the compasse and coape of Heauen conteyned stretchinge and extendinge his force farre and wyde For why this gouerneth and ruleth all thinges maketh all thinges fruitfull and vnto the same imparteth vitall heate Neyther is there anye cause why a man should thinck or perswade himself that there is any other power able to do these things then that Spirite by whom from the very beginninge the world and all such thinges as are visiblie seene wyth the eyes and sensiblie perceyued by the sences were brought into so comely and beautiful order For by the VVord of the Lord vvere al things made and by the breath of his mouth al the comlynes beautie and furniture thereof For he doth maintayne and strēgthen al thinges and giueth povver vnto euerye thinge to encrease and multiplye in their ovvne kinde and to maintayne and conserue themselues Thus the wonderfull Creatour of Nature by his word and Spirite put into all thinges y were created a power precreatorie the order of their encreasinge propagation for continuaunce of theyr kinde posteritie and succession y is to witte the Spirite of GOD beinge diffused into euery Creature susteyneth and maynteyneth Plantes and all liuing creatures aswell man as beasts by whom they liue and haue their beinge There is nothinge therefore in the whole worlde but it feeleth the strong power of God is satisfyed wyth the plenteousnes and fulnesse therof For when Heaūe and Earth were made and the first Elemēts that is the first beginnings of things constituted The Spirite of God moued vppon the waters that is to saye made moyste and liquide matter otherwyse barreyne to be fruitefull The very meaning of which saying Basill surnamed the Greate did verye well and liuelye expound in these woordes The Spirit of GOD sayth hee moued vpon the top or vpper face of the water That is to say did nourish and giue a vitall fruitfulnes and a quickeninge Soule to the moyste Element and to all other
Creatures in such sort that all thinges wyth the Spirite of God were moystened warmed euen as a Bird or Fowle that sitteth vpon her egges who gyueth vitall power and heate to that whereuppon she doth sit and couer An example whereof we are to take at a Hen which giueth life vnto her egges bringeth oute frō thence the shape of a perfect creature Now whereas the Spirite of God is said to swymme vppon the waters or to rest vppon a moyst Element this is to be vnderstoode of the fecunditie that is infused and put into it But whereas the vniuersall nature of thinges and all Creatures that breath and haue being do enioy this gifte of Diuine spirit through the vertue thereof haue their essēce yet namely and aboue al others Mē by singuler priuiledge speciall prerogatiue are fully endued wyth all things haue their minds taken out of a porcion of Gods owne spirite as Cicero sayth or rather accordīg to the testimony of the holy Scriptures haue receyued the breath of life and an Image after the similitude of God himselfe The Poet Ouid had from the Hebrevves a litle sparke of vnderstanding touching this opinion and that did he vtter in these Verses Gods Spirite vvithin vs vvorketh still His motions in our hartes vve finde This sacred feede directes out vvill And vvith his povver enflames our mind Which sentence S. Paule beinge studyed in a more heauenlye kind of Philosophie went about to inculke into the minds of the Athenians with intent to draw thē frō their old rooted superstitions inueterate errours to perswade thē in beholding the goodly frame beautiful workemāship of the world with al the furniture and ornamēt therof wherin Almighty God sheweth out to al men a taste or proofe piece of his diuinitie therby to acknowledge his diuine power and by seinge his woorkes to agnyze his omnipotencie For in this sort he preached vnto them God vvhich made the vvorld and all that are in it and is Lorde of Heauen and Earth dvvelleth not in Temples made vvith handes neither is vvorshipped vvith mens hands as though hee needed any thing seing he himselfe giueth life and breath to all men euery vvhere For in him vve liue moue and haue our being as a certaine of your ovvne Poets sayth for vvee are also 〈◊〉 Generation Now man at the hands of his Creatour being furnished wyth such excellent gifts and garnishmentes of minde as first to be endued wyth a natural and internall spirite and then to be moued and inspyred with a Diuine spirite hath also notwithstanding externall spirites recoursing into his body and mynde Men of olde tyme called them by the name of Genij the bookes of the holy Byble termeth them in respect of their office and mynisterye Angels which is asmuch to say as Messengers because they bringe the cōmaūdmentes and will of God vnto vs. S. Paule calleth them mynistring Spirits appointed to certayne offices and purposes and to mynister for their sakes which shal be heyres of Saluation Cicero and others that neuer knew God nor religion aright calleth them familiar or domestical Gods hauing vnder their protection the care of mans lyfe and safetye and giueth them the name of Lares or Penates or Dij Tutelares And of them they make two sorts the good Angels and the badde because the good pricketh a man forward to grace goodnes vertue honesty the other eggeth him to lewdnes mischiefe shame villany and all kinde of loose dishonestie For this is their onely drift and pretence specially to plunge a man in as much mischeife as they can drawe him from God as farre as may be Now for so much as Spirits be without bodies they slyly and secretly glyde into the body of man euen much like as fulsome stenche or as a noysome and ill ayre is inwardly drawē into the body and these not onely incense and pricke a mā forward to mischiefe but also like most pestilent Counsellers promyse to the party reward impunitye By this meanes the wylie Serpente enueigled Adam Sayinge You shall not die therfore but ye shall be as Gods knovving good and euill For the Deuill hauinge his name hereof is most subtile and crafty and lacketh not a thousand sleightes and pollicies to bryng a mā to mischiefe Yea his fetch is slyly to insinuate himselfe into our mindes cogitations counselles and willes albeit it is not easye for him to bring his purpose aboute for so muche as Eod alone knoweth the heartes of men and vnto him onely be all our deuyses and thoughts open and manifest Hee is sayth Paule the discerner of the thoughtes and of the intentes of the hearte neyther is there any Creature vvhich is not manifest in the sight of him but all thinges are naked open to his eyes Which thinge also Dauid declareth God sayth he is the tryer of the verye hart and Reynes That is to saye hee perfectlye searcheth out and knoweth all thinges findeth a way into the most secrete corners and innermost places And hee bringeth in an example taken from the intrayles that bee fardest of For there is nothing in mās body inwarder then the heart and Reynes in somuch that the concocted meate must be conueyghed by many crooked bywayes wyndings before it can be brought thyther Furthermore he specially nameth those partes for that out of them chiefely the thoughtes and cogitacions of the mynde and all lycentious lustes and dissolute desyers do proceede and springe which are not nor cannot lye hyd or vnespyed of God. Forsomuch therefore as these deuilles bee ayrie spyrits and aswell by long vse and practise as also by pollicie of nature are of greate experience and by long tryall know much euen by coniectures and tokēs which they espy in the eyes countenaunce gesture and other motions of the body of man they slylie gather and ghesse the inward dispositions and thoughtes of the mynde whych to a man of great experience and witte is no great hard matter to do And therfore euen as lewde and deceitfull marchaunts practyse all wayes and meanes to spoyle others leauinge no occasion vnattempted to cyrcumuent and catche them at vnwares and vnprouyded so lykewyse the deuilles lye in wayte to catche vs at a vauntage and the godlyer anye one in conuersation of life maners is the busyer and earnester are they wyth theyr poyson to stinge him In such sorte the deuill was not awhit afrayde by al maner of shiftes to tempte euen Christe himselfe thinking to haue perswaded or inueigled him with Ambition Gluttonie or desyre of rule Souereignty Neyther was he ashamed to assaulte Paule also partly carying him into a boastinge and pryde of mynde aboue measure and partlye by incensynge his aduersaryes with spightfull rage and cruelty against him The holy man Iob also was wonderfully shaken vp and driuen to suffer the violent brunts
tryed and prooued by castinge vpoÌ„ them Salt or glasse or Alume for therwith they presently resolue and consume into a liquide substaunce And as men and mute Creatures so also sondry Plantes and great stemmed hearbes are endued with this quality which by reason of their deletory coldnes bringe destruction vnto Creatures as â—eÌ„bane MaÌ„drake Napellus Solanum Mortiferum Aconitum the iuyce of black Popie called Opium which although in respect of their temperament and clementary qualitie they bee colde in the fourth and higheste degree yet by the benefite of vitall heate dissusing it selfe from celestiall thinges into these lower bodyes they doe liue and flourish in a freshe verdure For in euery nature especially humayne there is a certaine celestial or diuine vertue ouer beside that which is constituted of feede and of the feminine bloud For the warme calefactiue Spyrit which a litle afore we sayde was infused into the whole worlde and into all the particuler parts thereof laboureth vppon the Elementes and geeueth life to all thinges and finally woorketh in them that vertue and efficacie whereby throughe propagation they encrease and procreate kindes like to themselues and produce a Creature of the same nature they themselues be For the first procreation of lyuing creatures being produced made of Elementall concretion and of the Parentes Seede which is a portion or parte of the purest best concocted bloude then doth nature whose skilful workmaÌ„ship no hand nor curious craftesmaÌ„ is able by imitation to reseÌ„ble or reach vnto hauing her original diuine supernal applyeth the woorke she hath in framynge bringeth her thinges to perfect passe conueigheth the powers animall wyth the Spyrites vital and vertues effectuall into the matter she hath in hande by whose mynistery shee perfectly finisheth all the lymmes proportioneth all the lineaments fitteth them to the rest of the meÌ„bers of the bodye gyueth such shape proportion to the thinges animated as daily we see represeÌ„ted set before our eyes This wonderfull force of nature which we elswhere haue shewed to yssue flow froÌ„ the most abundant fountaine of Diuinity beinge diffused into ech part of the whole bodye moueth slyrreth the masse thereof directeth gouerneth the mynd and vnderstanding maketh the same applyable to sondry actions by whose benefite and help eueÌ„ those thiÌ„gs do liue haue their being which are stiffe and nummed with cold althoughe heate in theÌ„ be faint feeble which least it should altogether droupe be vtterly extiÌ„guished least thou cold quality wherto the drye is of affinity should toomuch preuaile encrease must be styrred vp excyted with hoate fomentatioÌ„s For wheÌ„ natural moysture is all wasted inward heat extinct theÌ„ death approcheth the whole frame of the body teÌ„deth to dissolution ruine It coÌ„meth theÌ„ to passe eueÌ„ as SalomoÌ„ by an elegaÌ„t apt similitude describeth that when the coÌ„position knittinge together of the body is lewsed a sonder streÌ„gth decayed gone theÌ„ shal maÌ„ be tourned again into dust froÌ„ wheÌ„ce he was taken made the Spirite shal retourne into his euerlastinge dwellinge to God which made it But to theud euery maÌ„ may perfectlye know the nature coÌ„dicion of this coÌ„plexion and constitucion I wil compendiously as it were by the way set downe certaine marks tokeÌ„s wherby it shal easely be knowen A cold ComplexioÌ„ if it be coÌ„pared to a hoate hath al properties coÌ„trary For eueÌ„ as heat beiÌ„g diffused into ech part of the body imparteth his quality vnto the humours maketh the body y parts therof to be of colour ruddie so cold imperteth his quality vnto the meÌ„bers humours maketh the body of colour pale and vnsightly But if we be disposed particulerly to marke obserue al the notes and tokens thereto incident we shall finde in the colde complexioned body all things contrary and diuerse from the hoate For the bodye is pilde and smoth the hayre loose and soft of colour partakinge wyth redde and white and quickly shedding The skinne in touching cold vnder it some store of fatnes For when heat in maÌ„s body is faiÌ„t dul fatnes engeÌ„dreth which as it much happeneth to the feminine Sexe so also breedeth it in many others that liue ydle at ease withoute labour or exercise And for this cause through immoderate coldnes the bodye waxeth grosse fat and corpulent againe by immoderate heate which melteth awaye and dissolueth fat the body is made leane and drye For there be manye thinges not comminge to man by nature or from his natiuitye and beginning but accidentally and otherwise procured as eyther by chaunginge of the ordinary custome of life or by alteration of diet or by heate labour slouth solitarinesse lumpishnes feare sorrowe care and sondry others many wayes chaunginge the state of the body making it somtime slender leane sometime fat corpulent Which thinges also to the making of the colour of the face bodye fayre or foule good or badde are of no lesse force and efficacie For what thinges soeuer do excite and stirre vp natiue heate as Laughter myrthe exercise wyne c. do make the face pleasauntlye freshlye coloured but such thinges as be cold suppresse heate as cold ayre and nypping wynd toomuch drynkinge of water immoderate sleepe ouermuch eatinge of cold meates feare sadnesse carefulnes such like make the body to be white coloured Thus they that be of cold Complexions are white coloured vnlesse this quality grow surmount to an excesse and great intension For then it declyneth to aswart and leaden colour such as we see in men in the cold Wynter the wynde being at North whose cheekes Noses lyppes fyngers and eares are swart and wanne wyth stiffe cold benummed But yet this commodity they haue by colde that it maketh them very hungry greedye of meate and not easely satisfyed albeit they do not well digeste nor concocte it And if the tunicles of their Stomack together wyth the cold haue in them any sowrish or sharpe humour they are in eating insaciable and very rauenous feeders which affecte is called Canina appeteÌ„tia the Dogges appetite or the hungry Sicknes which is qualefyed and taken away by drynking the purest stroÌ„gest Wyne To proue that appetite is sharpened wyth colde maye well appeare by Salades and sondry other sower and tarte Condimentes which wee vse in Sommer season to prouoke appetite wythal And as natiue heate maketh men nymble and actyue so cold causeth them to be slouthfull loytering sluggishe drowsy and vnapt to any labour or exercyse because they lacke the Instruments wherwyth to do any such functions Such persons haue foltering tongues and nothing ready in vtterauÌ„ce a nyce soft and womaÌ„nish voyce weake feeble faculties of Nature ill memory blockish wit doltish mynde courage for lack of heate slendernes of vital spyrit feareful and tymorous at
Yongmen and suche as bee in their flourishinge and lustye Age and full of humours do dye and take their ende muche like as when a great flaming fyer is sodeinlye quenched with great stoare of Water Againe he sayth that Oldmen decease like fyer that of it owne accord quencheth and wythout anye other violence goeth out What a deale of smoake what soote what sparkles do we see fly vp into the ayre what crackling noyse doth the great nuÌ„bre of sparkes make when we assay to quench a light burninge flame or with powring great abundaunce of water to slecke a great heape of woode layed al vppon one fyer Wherby we may coniecte what vehement and painefull struggling what sharpe conflicte what raginge sturre and stryuing is in a Yonge bodye when as throughe violence of Sicknesse or other destenie the lustynesse of his Nature being not yet spent his warme heat and lyuely Spyrites be oppressed and stifled To this ende is that elegante and apt comparison of Cicero For sayth hee as rawe and vnrype apples are not plucked from the Tree but by violence and force but beyng rype fall downe of theyr owne accord or wyth little touchinge So lykewyse the lyfe of Yonge men is taken away with force but of Oldmen by maturitie and rypenes This thought I good heere to enterlace as a thing not greatly besyde my purpose diligentlye aduertyzing all men euen from theyr infancy and childhoode to shunne and declyne all such things as are preiudiciall to their bodyes and harmeful to theyr health whether the same procede of outward or of inward causes Whosoeuer therefore is desyrous to keepe himself from beynge toosoone Old and to prolonge his lyfe as longe as may be must very diligently take heede of many lettes and hinderaunces that damuifye and lye in wayte to preiudice hys lyfe but namely and specially let him haue a carefull eye to keepe himselfe from this Dry plight state of body And by what mennes he may so do after certaine â—â—tes first geeuen whereby to knowe what person is of this Complexion I will briefly and compendiously geeue plaine instructions asking to all Students and personnes politick doubtlesse right 〈◊〉 me profitable and expediâ—â—t to be knowâ—â— All they therfore that eyther of the Nature of their owne bodelye state and Complexion or by any defect in their Parents at theyr byrth procreation or finally by any accidentall myssehappe or custome of lyuing as by waÌ„t of foode thought watch heauynes of mynd or immoderate labour haue commonly bodyes slender and thinne and their shinne where drynesse is great skuruye rugged vnseemely and lancke like vnto hunger-starued horses that lacke meate and attendaunce of colour ill fauoured swarte and yelowe as a Kites foote and at the last grymme visaged sower couÌ„tenaunced faced lyke death fylthy loothsome and leane as a Rake to conclude in all respects resembling the Physsognomy and shape of Enuye described by Ouid. A face like Ashes pale and vvanne a body skraggie leane A learning looke and teeth all furde vvith drosse and fylth vncleane Her Stomacke greenish is vvith Gall her Tongue vvyth venime fraught And neuer laughes but vvhen missehappe or harme hath others caught No vvink of Sleepe comes in her eyes and rest she can none take For fretting carke and cancred care her vvatchfull still doth make Full sore against her vvill it is that any man should thryue Or prosper in his busynesse For that doth her depryue Of all her rest and quietnes thereat the hellish Elfe Doth stampe and stare doth fret and fume and pynes avvay herselfe And to her selfe a torment is for seeking to annoye The vvealth and state of other folkes herselfe she doth destroye And because drynesse feedeth vppon and wasteth all their humour they be thinne hayred and waxe soone bald crooke nayled their voyce feeble and slender and sometime squeakinge by meanes that drynes exasperateth their vocall artery their pulses beatiÌ„g faintly slow gate holow eyed pale lypped shrunken temples hanging cheekes cold cruÌ„pled eares of stature not greatly tal of sleepe which is a most sweete refuge release truce from laboures and cares through distemperature of the braine very litle And if theyr braine be altogether drye and hoate then is theyr Memory nought and in a maner none at all then be they very oblyuious blockeheaded and heauye spyrited For sythens the Spyrits fayle and be defectiue which as cleare syncere vapoure proceede out of purest bloud by the benefit of heate haue great force vertue in directing mouiÌ„g forward actioÌ„s it is not possible that the faculties powers naturall beinge destitute of their forces should performe rightly discharge their due peculiar functions But if the vertue or power Animal be perfect vigorous the brain not altogether destitute of heate theÌ„ is the memory stedfast firme retentiue for as immoderat moystnes causeth forgetfulnes doltish folishnes as in yong Children dronkards appeareth so moderate drynesse with the helpe of measurable heate maketh a good and faithfull Memory highlye furthereth toward the attainment of Prudence Wysedome For a drye brightnes induceth a mynde full fraught wyth wysedome the more store of moystnes that is therein the lesse is the wit which thing wee do also note and see to come to passe by the ayre when the weather is skowling and not cleare For the Starres shine not bright out when the ayre is wyth cloudes and foggye mystes ouercast and darckened Nowe the cause why manye in their Oldage doate and become very forgetful albeit this Age be sayd to be most dry yet the same happeneth not by reason of drynes but of coldnes which manifestly preiudiceth and hindereth all the vertues offices of the mynd For out of it spryngeth madnesse losse of right wits amazednes rauing dotage and wante of the righte vse of the Senses whereby the vertues of Nature be so oppressed ouercharged the they be thereby eyther altogether disabled from perfourming their functions or at least do the same very faintly and feeblie Therefore when Memory is perished or affected it procedeth of some cold disteÌ„perature which must with things moderately hoate â–ª be remoued and expugned For to humect or to arefie is not the best way But if coldnes be ioyned with moystnes then to vse arefactioÌ„ if it be lynked with drynesse then to vse humectacion Now if this quality be not throughly settled and rooted these signes and tokens aforesayd do not exactly aunswere to this descriptioÌ„ but as the disteÌ„perauÌ„ce by litle litle groweth encreaseth so do they appeare shew forth theÌ„selues euery day more and more Which happeneth namely to them that be affected wyth this habite not naturally but casuallye and accidentally or by some sicknes of the bodye or by some vexation of mynde For Temperamentes are subiect to many and sondrye alterations In some heate wasting spending vp moysture
plausible delightfull and populer I will depaint and set downe y nature and condition of the Humours that rule and beare sway in mans bodye because they produce and bringe forth their lyke qualities For Bloud is partaker of Hoat and moyste Choler of hoat and Dry Phlegme of Cold and moyste and Melancholie of Cold and dry Therefore that Temperament which is Hoate and moyst may very well be referred to a Sanguine man Hoat and dry to a Cholerique and so forth of the rest but yet so that wee confesse the Complexion and temperament of maÌ„ not to grow or proceede elsewhere then of the Elemental qualities for of theÌ„ haue they theyr names not of y Humours First therefore there be iiii Elements Fyer Ayre Earth Water which of al things made are the original beginnings Next are the Qualities that is to say the myxture of Hoat Cold Mayst and Dry of whoÌ„ proceede the differences of Complexions Last of all the foure Humours whose force and Nature the seede comprehendeth and conteyneth wythin it vnto whom besyde the qualities which are to it in steede of an Instrumente and not of a woorker the chiefe cause next vnder God of the fourmyng and creation of al the parts is truly to be attributed These holesome humours to the conseruation of health and mayntenaunce of lyfe are right necessary and profitable For of them do consist and of them are nourished the entyer parts of all Creatures and for this cause so long as a man lyueth he can neuer want these without great detrimeÌ„t dauÌ„ger of his health Notwythstanding according to the course of time and season of the yere according to the quality of the ayre enclosing vs accordinge to the condition of the place where we dwel and according to the nature of ech age they are encreased or dimynished For Bloud being the best of all the humours and endued with heate and moysture is in his chiefe pryme force in the Spring season namely peculier and proper to lustye flourishinge age which commonly is of a sanguine and ruddie colour which neuerthelesse wanteth not also in the other Natures Phlegme being like vnto water is of nature colde and moyst and taketh his encrease in wynter and engendreth diseases like vnto it selfe Choler beinge of qualitie hoate and drye resembleth tyer hath his most force in Sommer which although in sight and touching it appeare moyst and of colour yelowish like Maluesey yet in operacion power and effect it is hoat of ardent nature Melancholie not vnlike to Earth cold drye encreaseth and taketh force in Autumne this is the dryer and grosser part of bloud and the dreggie refuse thereof All these differences of humours wheÌ„ a veine is opened for it is not all pure bloude that gussheth thereout is plainly of all men to be perceyued First before it be cold it doth shewe and represent to the eye an ayrie fomy Spirit which by and by vanisheth awaye then an exact pure licour of most perfect and excellente ruddynesse y which is pure and right bloude in which there swymmeth Choler and sometime toughe clammye Phlegme sometime liquide and thinne according to the nature condition and state of maÌ„ Last of all if you tourne vp the whole masse or lumpe you shall finde Melancholie altogether of colour blacke And thus euerye humour abundinge in the bodye bewrayeth it selfe by his owne proper colour insomuch that sometime y bloud that issueth out of the veynes liquefyeth and is dissolued into Choler or Phlegme or clottereth thickeneth into MelaÌ„cholie reteyneth either no colour or very litle of bloud And if a man were disposed by taste to haue further knowledge in these humours he maye with his tongue and palate aswell iudge and discerne the relyce and tallage thereof as he doth their colour by his eye For Bloud is sweete in a maner of the relyshe and tast of mylke because it is much like and of kinne vnto it Choler is bitter of the nature of Gall Phlegme vnsauery as water and without all qualitye so longe as it is not rotten nor myxt wyth other humours for then is it eyther salt or sowrishe Melancholie is sharpe eigreâ— tarte These tastes and relyshes there is no maÌ„â—hat perceyueth and feeleth not when as in voanyting perbraking hee casteth vp any of them yea in sweate and euen in the spettle these tastes are manyfestlye descryed perceiued for of these hâ—â—mours they haue participate their powers facultyes and with their qualityes are they endned ¶ Of a Hoate and moyst Complexion and by the way of the disposition and nature of a Sanguine man The ij Chapter HAuing heretofore set downe the descriptioÌ„ of symple Complexions and temperatures which bee so termed for that they consiste of one onely quality bearyng swaye and dominion more theÌ„ any of y rest by course of my purposed work I am next to entreate of them that are compouÌ„d For in the very beginning and first entrauÌ„ce of this worke my promyse and ful intent was to set downe and describe such a Complexion and state of body as was in euery point perfect and absolute and to repulfe keepe away al such harmes and inconueniences as in anye wyse mighte empayre health or brynge the bodye from his good state into worse case and taking I haue therfore thought it good here in this place first to inserte the temperament that is hoat and moyst because it is nâ—ereste and lykest to the best For no state of body sauing onely the best and chiefeste is better or more commendable then this nor any that longer prolongeth life and keepeth backe Didage so that the same consist and be wythin y limittes and compasse of temperatnes that is of hoate and moyst Therfore sithens this state among al that be compound is accoÌ„pted chiefeste wee muste stande vppon the discourse therof the more narowly and precysely and the rather because sundry PhysitioÌ„s make no mo but soure differences grounding their reasons and not altogether painly that it is not possible as Galene wytnessethâ— that any temperature or distemperature can long continue alone and symple For somuch as necessarilye it adopteth and taketh to it an other For y Hoate consumynge wastinge moysture engendreth and bryngeth drynesse Cold consuming wasting nothing after a sorte encreaseth humour Semblably the Dry quality in those ages that a Creature groweth and encreaseth maketh it hoater but when it decreaseth and draweth towarde decay it maketh colde and dryeth the solide partes of the body but the Receyuers and conceptacles of the humours it filleth wyth excrements which thing in Oldmen is plainly to be discerned perceyued who abouÌ„de and are ful of Phlegme spitting spatteringe aâ— theyr mouth with their Noses euer dropping and sneuillye Which thing later Phisitions eueÌ„ of our time as yet obseruing reiecting symple temperatures which notwythstanding may not wel be