as he is dressed find the pain abated if the pain do somewhat encrease the first and second night and there be perceived the third day without the place of binding a little swelling yielding to your hands The Bone is well placed if in the second dressing you find all even Before you rowl the Ligature about the Member bathe the part with Spirit of Wine or Red Wine or with Oyl Wine and Vinegar mix'd together Or take the White of an Egg with some Bolus Frankincense Dragons-Blood c. Or anoint it with Oyl of Roses Mirtles Violets c. or lay Plaisters on it In Winter the Oxycroceum will do well At all times that which follows Take Mastick Frankincense of each two drams Aloes Gum Tragacanth Dragons-Blood Bole-Armonick of each a one dram Lapis Haematitis Burnt Talch of each one dram Whites of Eggs and Oyl of Roses as much as is sufficient Make it into a Plaister If a Wound accompany the Fracture then ought you to extend the Part first yet somewhat gentler than in a simple Fracture then you are to join the Bones together next to observe the Wound to bring the Lips thereof together with Plaisters rather than with a Needle and to guard it with a Defensive And lastly rowl the Part and lay it conveniently If there be a Cominution or great shattering of the Bones joined with the Wound then endeavour with Forceps to remove the small loose Bones leaving those to Nature that are yet any way fixed for she will though somewhat later of her self throw them out and sometimes she will unite them again to the whole Yet to forward her you may assist Nature with the following Medicaments Take Ashes of Earth-worms three drams Virgins-Honey an ounce and half mix them and make an Oyntment Or Take Aloes Myrrhe of each half a dram Roots of Comfrey the great Round-Birthwort of each three drams Euphorbium two drams Turpentine and Wax as much as is sufficient with a little Oyl of Lillies to make it into an Oyntment If the Bone be bare cover it with its own skin and Nuscles and defend it from the Air as much as is possible If it be bare and also started out endeavour to reduce it again into its place but if it be got out too far take away the pieces thus started out with Saw or Nippers Now these Manual Operations being well performed the Patient must observe a good Diet open a Vein upon occasion and afterwards purge the Blood In the Fractures of the lower parts purging is not convenient but if the Patients Belly be bound he must take a Suppository In the Fractures of the upper parts Purging or administring Clysters is oftner necessary and may be done by the ensuing compounded or simple Medicines which may also serve you in all other Accidents that we may describe in this whole Treatise Medicines purging Choler Rhubarb Cassia fistula yellow Myrobalans Tamarinds Manna Scammony Syrup of Sicchory with Rhubarb Elect. Catholicum Hiera picra Lenitivum Diaprunum solutivum Succus Rosarum Pil. de Aloe Rosata Aureae Aloephanginae Ruffi Take Electuary Lenitive two drams Elect. of the Juice of Roses one dram Cassia fresh extracted two drams Cream of Tartar two scruples Succory-water as much as is sufficient Spirit of Vitriol a little Make it into a Potion Or Take Rhubarb Senna of each two drams Cream of Tartar one dram Aniseeds half a dram Infuse them two hours in a sufficient quantity of Sorrel-Water let it boil a little and to three ounces of the strained Liquor Add of the Elect. of Diaprun Sol. one dram or a dram and half and drink it Or Take of Pilulae Aureae Extract Catholicum Rhubarb of each half a scruple Make them into seven Pills Or. Take Cream of Tartar Sal Prunella of each xij grains vitriolated Tartar Diagredium of each vj. grains Make it into a Powder Medicines that purge Phlegm The Roots of Asarum Mechoacan white and black Hellebore Colocinth Myrabolani Belliric Emblici Chebuli Agarick Turbith Syrup of Diacarthanum Electuaries of Hierae with Agarick Diaphoenicon Diacarthamum Confection of Hamech Powder of Diaturbith Pills of Cechiae Foetidae the greater Aggregativae Lucis the greater Assajeret of Avicen Troches of Agaric Alhandal Take Roots of Grass two drams Flower-de-luce Trochiscatum Agarick Turbith of each one dram Aniseeds Fenel seeds of each one scruple Let them infuse for three hours in a sufficient quantity of Parssy water boil it and strain it and to three ounces of it Add of Electuary of Diaphenicon one dram and half Make it into a Potion Or Take Electuary of Diacarthamum Confection of Hamech of each two drams powder of Jalop eight grains Cream of Tartar two scruples Fennel water as much as sufficeth Make a Potion Or Take of Pill Aureae six grains of Pill Cochiae Pill Faetidae the greater of each twenty grains Make them into seven Pills and gild them Or Take Extract of Catholicum xiij grains of the Troches of Alhandal one grain Make three Pills and gild them Medicines purging Melancholy Roots of black Helebore Polipody Senna Lapis Lazuli Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna Electuaries of Diacatholicon lenitive Confection of Hamech The Powder of Dia Senna Pills of Lucis minoris Troches of Alhandal Myrobalans of India Take Bark of Tamarisk three drams Roots of Polypody two drams Staechas Flowers half a pugil Senna one dram and half Aniseeds half a dram Mirobolans of India one dram Infuse them two hours in a sufficient quantity of borage-Borage-water boyl it and strain it and to four ounces of the strained Liquor Add An ounce of Syrup of Roses with Senna Spirit of Salt as much as will give it a little acidity and make it into a Potion Or Take Electuary of Diacatholicon one dram the Electuary of Diaphoenicon Confection of Hamech of each a dram and half Cream of Tartar two scruples Powder of Jalop six grains Whey a sufficient quantity Make a Potion Or Take of Pill Indiae of Aggregativae the greater of each fifteen grains Diagridium three grains Troches of Alhandal one grain Make seven Pills and gild them Note All these Receipts are set down for full-grown Bodies their quantities being to be lessen'd according to the younger age and strength of the Patient CHAP IV. Of particular Fractures of Bones THe Fractures of the Skull are divided into six several kinds A Fissure Contusion Fracture Incision Puncture and Contra fissure A Fissure is made by a hard and blunt Instrument and passeth sometimes through both Tables sometimes through one only A Fracture is made when a part of the Skull is separated from the whole An Incision is made by a cutting Instrument where sometimes one part of the Bone is rais'd up and separated as it were but is yet fast to the rest of the Bone sometimes a part is quite taken away sometimes there remains a mark in the Bone according to the Figure of the Instrument A Puncture is made by a pungent or
that the heat by degrees may be again restored to the part and to that purpose strongly rubbing it with Snow or cold Water giving also to the Patient Treacle or Mithridate in warm Wine If the pain and cold remit let the part be embrocated very warm with Oyl of Dill Camomil bitter Almonds or Earth-worms c. A Decoction of congeal'd Turnips is good to foment withal then are required both stronger and hotter Medicines viz. Oyl of Earth of Tiles Turpentine Castor treacle-Treacle-water Mithridate Or use the following Fomentation Take Herbs of Scordium a handful and half Swallow-wort a handful Rue half a handful Seeds of Roman Nettle Cresses of each three Drams boyl them in White-wine let them be strained and to a Pint of the Liquor add Spirit of Wine two ounces Mingle it When the part hath begun to Mortifie Scarifie continue the use of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from external Heat or hindred by Perspiration Let the cause of the Disease be removed if possible which if it happens from external Ligature Hot or two Astringent Medicines let them be forthwith removed from the part affected and let it be washed being first Scarified with the following Decoction Take the Water of Endive Night-shade of each six Ounces of Sorrel-water eight Ounces Vinegar half a pint Salt an Ounce and half Scordium a handful Lupines half an Ounce Mix them and boyl them to the Consumption of the third part Then let the Chirurgeon use Ung. Aegyptiacum or any other of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from the Defect of Nutriment Let the Patient use nourishing Aliments all strong External or Internal Dryers hurt Friction of the part with moderately hot Medicines as with Oyl of Sweet Almonds Olives Earth-worms Scorpions Vipers Man's Fat Bears or Hens is good Scarifie if necessity require Discussives here are very injurious Cure of a Gangrene from a venemous Humor If the malignant Humor be in the Body it self Sudorifick cooling and Cordial Medicines are best For Purging and Bleeding I have seen them oftner to do hurt than good Outwardly Defensives are useless but Cupping-glasses Leeches and attractive Medicines are necessary But if the Malignant Humor come from an external Cause the surest remedy is an actual Cautery lest the Malignity spread it self which is to be used the very first time and also to put a further stop apply a Defensive to the sound part two fingers breadth distance from the wounded part so also it will put a stop to the Flux of Humors or else all the hope consists in Leeches Cupping-glasses Attractive Medicines and others set down above Cure of a Gangrene sprung from the Scurvy Internal Remedies we commit to the Physitian Externally these are commended Take Seeds of Broom Roman-Nettle Rue of each a Dram Tops of Wormwood two Drams Gum Galbanum Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar of each six drams Oyl of Juniper three drams Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister Or Take Oyl of Earth-worms Bayes Rue of each two Drams Castor a Dram Spirit of Wine three Drams Make it into a Linament Or Take the Raspings of Guaiacum Sassafras of each an ounce Root of Angelica Celandines the greater Tamarisk-bark of each six Drams Leaves of Scurvy-grass Water-cresses of each a handful Fennel-seeds an ounce Spirit of Wine a pint and half Infuse them a Night then distil them in Balneo Mariae Foment the part affected with this and scarifie if there be occasion and let the Chirurgeon proceed according to Art Where a Gangrene hath degenerated into a Sphacelus especially in the Joynts let the Part be amputated concerning which look in the First Part. CHAP. XV. Of a Paronychia PAnaritium or Paronychia is a Tumor very painful in the end of the Finger from a sharp Malignant Humor corroding the Tendons Nerves Periostium and Bone it self Cause is a sharp humor proceeding from Choler or Serum Signs are an intollerable pain about the Nail tormenting the Patient day and night an Inflammation oftentimes extending over the whole Arm A Fever for the most part and sometimes Delirium Prognostick By how much the Humor is the more malignant the greater Symptoms it raiseth corrupting sometimes the Bone the Finger the whole Hand and sometimes from extream pain it occasions the death of the Patient Cure Foment the Finger a while in this Decoction Take Flowers of Camomile Mellilot Elder of each half a handful Linseed and Fenugreek each two drams Boil them in Milk Or let this Cataplasm be applied Take Flowers of Dill Elder Leaves of Hen-Bane of each a handful Poppy-seeds and Linseed of each three drams Marsh-mallow-powder an ounce and half Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Cataplasm Then make Incision upon the Part affected according to the length of the Finger and for the most part there appears one or more red spots containing a sharp Matter but little in quantity which is the cause of the Disease After the Apertion of the Tumor at the first dressing apply to the Finger Treacle dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine and a Defensive to the whole Hand so in a day or two the Cure will be perfected But if this Part should be gangren'd or Sphacelated either by the neglect of Patient or Chirurgeon let it be taken off Except you will commit the business to Nature which oftentimes separates and throws out this Bone A great Inflammation sometimes here produceth a Fleshy Excrescency occult and sensless this is removed by Knife or exeding Medicines Then cure according to Art But if being too late call'd you find a great collection of Humors let Discussives or Suppuratives be applied then the Tumor being either broke or opened take great care lest the Tendons which do very easily putrifie or incline to putrefaction Separation is here necessary whether it be by Medicines or a cutting Instrument Repellents in this case greatly hurtful CHAP. XVI Of an Aneurism ANeurisma is a Tumor besides Nature from a Rupture of an Artery continually beating easily yielding to the Fingers and as suddenly returning Cause All Arteries except those that are dispersed through the Brain and upper parts consist of a double Tunicle the inmost of which being either corroded or broke the External may be extended so much without a Rupture of it whatsoever others say as to cause an Aneurism Nevertheless where the Tumor is of the bigness of ones Fist it cannot be but that the External also must be either corroded or broke Anatomy doth confirm this Opinion which the Studious in the Art of Chirurgery may enquire into This Tumor also may be caused where an Artery be divided so that the External Tunicle united to the Muscles the Internal by reason of the continual pulsation remains open Signs A Swelling increasing by degrees of the same colour as the skin a continual Pulsation If the Tumor be little it easily yields to the Fingers so that it altogether disappears but suddenly returns
when we spoke concerning a Phlegmon Erysipelas Oedema Schirrhus Then Care is to be had of the Blood seeing it affords assistance to the matter and serves to unite the Wound Where it is vitiated it requires purging But if it flow in too great quantity Intercipients Repellents Revellents and Derivation must be us'd If it flow in too small quantity Aliments that nourish are convenient as also Medicines that strengthen and that move Sweat Outwardly gentle Frictions and Embrocations moderately hot Then the Cure is to be perfected by External Medicines which shall be declared in the following Chapter when we speak of the removal of the Symptoms and the Cure of Wounds themselves CHAP. IV. Of the Symptoms of Wounds THe chief Symptoms of Wounds are 1. A Fever whose Cure we commend to the Physitian ' 2. A Flegmon or Inflamation 3. An Erysipelas Of the Cure of both which look in the second and third Chapter of the first Book 4. Hemorage which not only impedes the Cure but also deprives of strength and life it self therefore great Care is to be taken that it be stopped as soon as possible which in the greater Vessels especially the Arteries is very hard to do therefore those Wounds are for the most part Mortal For Medicines that stop Blood are too weak and hard Ligatures occasion a Gangrene the surest way therefore in my opinion is an actual Cautery the lesser Vessels may and will close Some close the Wound of the Vessels with their Fingers and so hold them there while the Blood is coagulated and the Flux stopt but this Operation seldom succeeds besides the long holding of the Finger in the Wound is hurtful Therefore let the Wound together with the Vessels be forthwith clos'd by the Fingers but if you cannot come to do this outwardly make a compress upon the Vessel which done wipe away the Blood with a Spunge then sprinkle some restringent Powder but not over the whole Wound which is used to be done by the ignorant but only upon the Vessels then bind up the Wound continuing the use of the Medicines stopping Bleeding while there appears no longer any Blood not neglecting in the mean time Generals viz. Scarification and Bleeding c. Medicines that stop a Flux of Blood Roots of Bistort Cinquefoil Tormentil Comfrey the greater Red Saunders Lignum Leutisci Pomegranate-rinds Mastick Talk Acacia Dragons-Blood Amber Sarcocols Frankincense the hairs of a Hare Os sepiae burnt-Crabs Whites of Eggs Mummy Cobwebs red Coral Chalk Bloodstone Bole-Armenick Aloes succotrine Frogs dried and powdered crude Vitriol burnt Vitriol Take fine Meal three ounces Dragons-Blood Frankincense of each an ounce and half Bole Sealed Earth of each two drams Talk six drams dried Frogs an ounce Hares hair cut very small a dram and a half Whites of Eggs dried in the Sun and powdered half an ounce New Spunges torrified an ounce white Vitriol a dram Mix them and make them into a fine Powder 5. Pain which must of necessity be eased because it creates watchings and dejects the Spirits and is cause of the Flux of Humors to the Party affected and of Inflamation Fever and Gangrene but the Causes are diligently to be considered For if either Medicines that are sharp or too hot occasion it they are presently to be altered 'T is better to confess the Error than pertinaciously to persevere in it If any foreign Body remains in the Wound it must be drawn forth If pain comes from the choaking in of the Matter you must allow it a free passage If an Inflamation be the cause of it its Remedies are set down in the second Chapter of the first Book You must apply to the Wound those things which ease pain and are anodine as Oyl of Roses Linseed Camomile Worms sweet Almonds Poppies c. Take Oyl of Roses of Poppy-seeds of Camomile of each an ounce the White of an Egg Saffron a scruple Mix them But if the pain cease not with these or the like Medicines it is a sign that some Nerve is wounded or affected by consent The Cure shall be set down in the following 6. Convulsion or Spasm this shews the Malignity of the Humor or the ill constitution of the Nerves neither of them promising any good Here must be used both Internal and External Medicines appropriated to the Disease the Internal by reason of the diversity of causes we commend to the Physitian External Medicines for a Convulsion Balsam of Peru the fat of Geese Castor Foxes Rams Mans Horse-dung Oyls of Juniper Lavender Ol. Philosophorum Amber Turpentine Rue Marjoram Worms Castor Orise Bays Petraeleum Ointments of Agrippa Martiatum Ung. Nervorum Spirit of Wine Take Oyl of Snails Worms Sesamin of each an ounce of the Grease of Rams and Foxes of each half an ounce fresh Butter six drams Spirit of Wine three ounces Let them boil till the Spirit be consumed then add Oyl of Spike distilled Rosemary Amber of each two drams Mix it into an Ointment Against a Convulsion there cannot a better Remedy be invented than distill'd Oyl of Lavender some few drops being given in some convenient Liquor and anointing well the convulsed part 7. Hypersarcosis or too great increase of flesh which if it happens from abundance of Blood the flesh is solid and otherwise well conditioned but if from the too weak quality of drying Medicines it is spungy of the same nature as when the Bone underneath is rotten In the former Case Bleeding is convenient and sometimes fasting and the use of strong drying Medicines In the latter the Medicines must be very strongly drying that are applied Detersive and Corroding Remedies are here good Medicines against too great increase of Flesh Burnt-Spunges Burnt-Allom Galls Aloes the Bark of Frankincense Tutty Verdigrease burnt Vitriol Praecipitate Arsenick A Green Corrosive Water Take crude Allom Verdigrease of each two drams boil them in eighteen ounces of white-Wine to a wasting of the fourth part strain them and add Camphire a dram Mix them A Powder very drying and somewhat corroding Take Galls Balaustions burnt-Allom Frankincense Myrrhe of each a dram Dragons-Blood Ceruse Verdigrease of each half a dram Make it into a Powder 8. A Gangrene and Sphacelus concerning which look in the fourteenth Chapter of the first Book of the second Part of Chirurgery CHAP. V. Of the drawing forth Extraneous Bodies out of the Wound NO Wound ought to be joined together as long as any Extraneous Body remains in it for otherwise after some little time it will break out into an Ulcer The Blood by which Nature unites the divided Parts if it flow in great quantity to the wounded Part and there coagulates 't is to be removed by Expression sucking it out or by any other way for so there will be less Matter generated and the Symptoms fewer but where an Haemorage is feared all the Blood is not to be cleansed away Where Hairs are about the Wound they are to be removed If Sand or any such like thing remain
either with hands or Bandage and mean while reduce it into its place If the Hip be forced out forward the Groin is swoln and the Buttocks fallen the Leg is neither longer nor shorter nor cannot be bent but with trouble and the Urine is suppressed Though it be not set aright yet the Patient in time will be able to go well enough upon it though sometimes it falls out that he must somewhat trail his Leg after him To restore it let the Patient lie on his sound side and strongly stretch out his Leg press it into its former place and in case the hand be too weak thrust it in with your Knee If it be dislocated backward the Patient can neither stretch out nor bend his Leg nor is he able to bring his Heel to the ground and if he should force himself to do so he would fall backward the Leg is shorter there is a hollowless in the Groins and if the Buttocks be pressed upwards you shall find an unusual swelling Though it be not put in yet the pain will in time vanish and then the Leg may be bent again but it remains shorter and straight nor is the Foot turned inward nor outward Lay the Patient on his Belly and strongly extend his Leg mean time apprehend the Thigh bone above the Knee stretch it outward from off the sound Leg press the Head into its Cavity in which yet it will not stay if thenceforth the Patient do not keep himself very quiet 10. The Dislocations of the Tibia and Fibula are cured after the same manner as those of the Cubitus and Radius 11. If the Knee pan be out of its place let the Patient stand upright and press it in again lay on the side whence it hath been forced away a hollow Splint answerable to the shape of the said Pan and below in the cavity of the Leg put one or more compressing Splints binding the whole Leg so stiff that the Knee may not bend CHAP. VII Of Ruptures HAving thus roughly handled the boney and hard parts of the Body it now follows that I treat the soft and fleshie more gently and describe their Synthesis or re-unition again Therefore I begin with the broken Peritonaeum which sometimes gives way to the Intestines at other times to the Cawl and not seldom to both to get out of their natural place into the Groins or Scrotum there causing a Rupture called Entorocele or Hernia Intestinalis if the Guts come out an Epiplocele or Hernia Omentalis if the Omentum or Cawl be out The Peritonaeum is made up of two strong but soft Membranes which do so contain whatsoever is included in the Belly or lowest Cavity that when sound nothing can fall out In Women the Os Pubis is its utmost Limit In Men its outermost Membrane reaches farther and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles In the Groins it comprehends the Seminal Vessels as in a Sheath called Processus or Productio Peritonaei This being stretch'd or enlarged or coming to burst is the proximate cause to the lately mentioned Ruptures The Groins therefore are the usual places of Ruptures But do not imagine that the Peritonoeum cannot be distended or burst in other places and there to cause a Rupture It happens sometimes above the Navel yet seldom Beneath and on the side of the Navel far above the Groins I have not only seen it often with many others but seen it ordered and dressed just like an Abscess the Chirurgeon giving no other reason for his mistake than that it was not the place of Ruptures which those that love the Art and their own Honour may take notice of Most times the Ileon falls down yet sometimes the other Guts come out with it and fall into the Scrotum which cannot come to pass by a simple distention of the abovesaid process but that necessarily in all such great Ruptures it must be broken The Causes which make the Peritonaeum to burst or to dilate are Falling Leaping Blows bearing of heavy Burdens strong Vomiting or Coughing difficult going to Stool Winds retained and all vehement Motions of the Body Signs The Tumor is sometimes bigger sometimes lesser sometimes altogether vanisht but with the least Motion returning Though the Caul or Intestines should be fallen down never so much they may easily without any pain be thrust in again unless Wind or Excrement hinder it in which case the Rupture is very painful If the Intestines be full of Wind the whole belly is tense you may hear a noise and the Patient breaks Wind upwards and downwards If the Excrements be grown hard the Patient goes with difficulty to Stool and the swelling weight and hardness little by little encreaseth If the Peritonaeum be only relaxed and widened then the Tumor from little becomes bigger by degrees but if it be broken it suddenly descends Prognosticks In little Children Ruptures are easily cured in aged people slowly or not at all especially if the Peritonaeum be burst If the Intestines be filled with Wind or Excrements there follows pain and if that be not suddenly removed an Inflamation Gangrene and at last Death it self Cure Lay the Patient on his Back with his Legs on high and a little asunder by which it often comes to pass that the Caul or the Intestines return of themselves into their former place but that not happening press them in gently with your fingers And if you cannot effect this by reason of Wind or hardened Excrements then use the following Medicines Where the Excrements are indurated Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces of white Lillies one ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall of each half a handful Flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each two pugils Bran half a handful Boil them in Water and to the Liquor Add of Barly and Bean-meal of each three ounces Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Oyl of Roses and white Lillies Ducks-Fat and Hens Fat of each an ounce Make it into Cataplasm In case this Cataplasm be not sufficient or seems not to be so then bathe the Patient two or three hours in Oyl sweet Milk or Water wherein Emollients have been boyled not forgetting in the mean time Clysters and Purges Against Wind. Take Oyl of Camomile Rue of each one ounce Oyl of Nard and Dill of each three drams Spirit of Wine two drams a little Wax Make it into an Oyntment Another Take Oyl of Wormwood one ounce Oyl of Nard and Nutmeg exprest of each half an ounce Oyl of Mace and Carraways distilled of each one dram Malmsey an ounce and half Boil it a little then add to it as much Wax as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Inwardly use the seeds of Anise Fenel Carraways and others Medicines dispelling Wind which also are to be mixt in the peculiar Clysters requisite to this purpose Also the Cumin Plaister used by some may here do good service Or Take the Styptick Plaister of Crollius Gum-Caranna
again but if great not so easily yielding to the touch not so strong a Pulsation but there is a noise observed as of boiling Water yet in the Head and Jaw I have found after death an Aneurism which while the man was alive there could be no Pulse perceived In the hard parts is greater Circumspection to be used than in the soft and fleshy Prognosticks It is difficultly cured if great not at all except with the taking off the Member for the most part it is a long Disease although I have seen it kill without any other accidental Cause within two years If Incision be made Death suddenly follows Cure In the beginning there may be some Hopes Astringents and Repellents and convenient Ligatures by which we do not seldom administer something of Remedy to the Patient as also the applying a piece of Lead straightly bound on have sometimes cured little Aneurisms But where the Tumor is encreased there are some would have the Skin divided and the Artery tied both above and below and cut out the middle with the Tumor and loosen not the Ligatures till the Wound is perfectly cured and there is no fear of an Hemorrage but this Operation is dangerous painful and troublesome and oft-times of little Benefit But to preserve Life I would take off the Member CHAP. XVII Of Opthalmia OPthalmia is an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Eye from Blood with Redness Pain and shedding of Tears Difference A light Inflammation and which depends from external Causes is called a Bastard Opthalmia Taraxis or Epiphora but a great Inflammation accompanied with pain and tears a true Opthalmia And if it be so great that the Eye-lids are so inflamed and as it were turned inward 't is called Chemosis Causes are two 1. Internal as Blood oft-times mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy 2. External as Smoak Dust c. Signs vary according to the variety of Causes If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood the Face looks red and the Vessels of the Eyes are extended If either from more of Serum or Choler the Redness of the Face is less but the Tears are more sharp and the pain greater if from more of Phlegm the reddish pain Heat and Acrimony of Tears are more remiss and the Eye-lids at night are as it were glewed together If from any thing of Melancholy there are but few Tears and the Eye-lids are not closed together the Inflammation is not great but stubborn Prognosticks An Opthalmia is flower cured in Children than in old people Continual pain menaceth Blindness by how much greater the Inflammation is so much the more dangerous it is Cure The Diet must be the same as in a Phlegmon all sharp things are carefully to be avoided as Garlick Radishes Mustard c. little or no Suppers profit Purging the use of Glisters Bleeding ought to be oft-times re-iterated as also Cupping-Glasses Leeches Blisters sometimes also Seatons Issues and Artereotomy it self which is not to be done by any but an expert Chirurgeon Sneezing is hurtful Provoking of Sweat is sometimes necessary sometimes not which the Physician must distinguish Dieureticks are of great use provided they are not too hot External Remedies vary according to the variety of Causes if from Smoke or Fire let them be extinguished If from Dust or any thing got into the Eyes 't is to be taken forth which is often performed by blowing or by the spurting in of Rose-water If from the inversion of the Eye-lids the Hairs are to be cut off or wholly to be pull'd out If the Eye-lids are glew'd together they are to be separated with Butter Beer or Cream the Rheum is gently to be wiped and let the Patient have a Care lest by the rubbing of his Eyes he increaseth his Disease Fat things are here hurtful Repellent Medicines except in the very beginning are not to be used or in a very slight Opthalmia Medicines good for the Eyes Roots of Valerian Solomons-Seal Orrise Vervain Herbs Betony Celandine the great Eyebright Fennel Fumitory Plantain Flowers of Roses Violets Anni-seeds Quince-seeds Linseeds Pippins boil'd or rotten Camphire Mussilage of Lin-seeds Tragacanth Fresh Veal Whites of Eggs all sorts of Milk especially Womans Tutty white and green Vitriol Saccharum Saturni Glass of Antimony White Troches of Rhasis fresh Cheese not salted Ung. Saturni A Water for the Eyes Take Waters of Eyebright and Celandine the greater of each an ounce and half White-wine six drams Glass of Antimony eight grains prepared Tutty fifteen grains White-Vitriol two grains Sugar-Candy two drams Camphire four grains Make it into a Collirium Another excellent one Take Wheat three handfuls Bruised Ginger three drams Common Salt a handful and half White-wine Water of Roses of Fennel Plantain of each ten ounces Infuse them in a Copper Vessel the space of forty days strain them and reserve the Liquor for your use Another very much esteemed Take a whole Egg boil it hard then the shell and Yolk being taking away put into the Cavity Sugar of Saturn six grains Camphire two grains White-Vitriol three Grains Honey of Roses half an ounce then press it very hard and let the prest out Liquor be dropt into the Eyes twice or thrice a day Another second to none Take Waters of Fennel and Eyebright of each a pint Common Salt six drams prepared Tutty white Vitriol of each half an ounce Let them boil a little and reserve for use Let not the great quantity of Vitriol afright any it causeth only a slight pain which suddenly vanisheth but 't is of so great virtue that it cannot sufficiently be extoll'd but its use will prove it true A Powder for the Eyes Take Dulcified Vitriol half a dram prepar'd Tutty fifteen grains Sugar-candy a scruple Make it into a fine Powder Unctious Medicines seldom are applied to the Eyes or else this Ointment is much commended Take Verdigrease twelve grains Camphire Lapis Calaminaris of each half an ounce prepared Tutty half a dram fresh-Butter washed in Rose-water two ounces Make it into an Ointment An Anodine Cataplasm Take Camomile and Melilot Flowers of each a pugil rotten Apples two ounces Fenugreek-seed an ounce Crums of Brown Bread three ounces two yolks of Eggs Saffron half a dram Boil them in Cows-milk to the consistence of a Poultice An Anodine Collirium Take the Juice of Housleek two drams Whites of Eggs half an ounce Womens-Milk two ounces Rose-water an ounce white Troches of Rhasis one scruple Opium three grains Mix them Another which I have often found excellent in the greatest pain Take Gum Tragacanth two drams Mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort three drams Rose-water and Plantain-water of each as much as sufficeth Make it into a Collyrium of an indifferent Consistence and let it be instilled by drops into the Eyes and Linnen-Cloaths wet in it outwardly applied CHAP. XVIII Of a Quinsie A Quinsie is a Tumor of the Jaws from Blood hindring Deglutition and
between them If a tender part be burnt you must abstain from the use of Onions Sope Salt and such like sharp Medicines That ugly Cicatrices may not be left you must forbear the use of strong drying Medicines CHAP. VII Of particular Vlcers IN an Ulcer of the Head neither Unctious or Repellent Medicines are convenient If the ill quality of the Humor requires the use of Mercury great care is to be had that it be well prepared for Crude is very dangerous which ought not to be applied where the Ulcers are about the Sutures seeing a Salivation may be easily raised which will difficultly afterwards be suppressed Ulcers of the Eyes for the most part leave Blindness especially where the horny Tunicle is wholly corroded by which the Watry Humor is let out as also oftentimes the Christaline An Inflammation generally is very painful which is forthwith to be removed by those Remedies delivered in the seventeenth Chapter of the First Book To the Ulcer it self first Abstersive then Cicatrizing Medicines are to be applied An Abstersive Collyrium Take white Amber red Mirrhe of each half a Scruple Eastern Saffron six Grains white of an Egg Sugar-Candy a Dram Eye-bright-water two ounces and an half Mix them Another Take Aloes Frankincense prepared Tutty of each half a Scruple Glass of Antimony six grains Gum Tragacanth a Scruple Celandine-water three ounces Mix them Or Take red Coral prepared Frankincense of each half a Dram white Troches of Rhasis prepared Harts-horn of each a Scruple burnt Lead fifteen Grains crude Antimony a Scruple Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment A Cicatrizing Collyrium Take burnt Lead white Troches of Rhasis Sarcocols Sac. Saturni of each half a Scruple Rose-water four Ounces Mix them Ulcers of the Nose most commonly yield an ill Scent whence they are called Ozaenae Cause is a sharp bilious salt or malignant Humor which sometimes corrupts the Bones themselves but chiefly the Cartilage so by a flat Nose deforms the Face They are hard of Cure and therefore respect must be had to the whole Body at least the Head which requires corroborating and moderate Drying External Applications are to be abstersive and because of the Humidity of the Part somewhat drying The Juice of Scharley mixt with Honey of Roses is excellent here Take one Pomegranate sliced Litharge of Gold two drams red Lead a dram burnt Alom ae Scruple Mercurius dulcis half a dram whitest Sugar an ounce White Wine six ounces Let them boyl a little and preserve the strained Liquor for use Take Burnt Lead washt Ceruse prepared Tutty Litharge of each two Drams Frankincense-bark one dram Myrrhe round Birth-wort Mercurius dulcis of each half a dram Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz three drams Ung. Album Champhorat as much as sufficeth to make a Liniment Fumes of the following powder put upon Coals is very good provided it is used cautiously and not above once or at most twice a day lest a Salivation should be raised which also will cure the Ulcer The quantity of a Nutmeg is sufficient for a Dose Take Bensoes Sandarach Mastick Frankincense Storax of each a Dram artificial Cinabar half an ounce Make it into a Powder for Fuming Ulcers of the Mouth require often Purgings sometimes Bleeding and if there be Malignity Antivenereal Sudorifick Decoctions which are here of great use External Remedies also here are Abstersives and Driers I have tried the following to be of singular Vertue Take Oak-leaves a handful Flowers of Roses Balaustians of each a pugil Pomegranate-rinds two drams Burnt-Alom two Scruples white Vitriol half a Scruple boil them in red Wine to half a pint of the strained Liquor add Honey of Roses Rob. Diameron of each an ounce Make a Gargarism Or Take common Chalk burnt Talk red Lead burnt Alom of each a dram Bole-Armenick two drams Mercurius dulcis half a dram Vitriol a scruple boil them in white Wine and to ten ounces of the Liquor add Syrup of Comfrey of Fernelius two ounces and an half Mix it for a mouth-Mouth-water Or Take burnt Talk Flower of Brimstone Bole-Armenick Frankincense Comfrey-roots the greater Pomegranate rinds of each a dram burnt Alom two Scruples Verdigreece half a dram Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment Or Take Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz three drams Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment The Fume for Ulcers of the Nose is here useful as also common Ink. If Medicines effect nothing an actual Cautery must be used An Ulcer of the Bladder is troublesome and for the most part incurable having its beginning from a Wound the Stone a sharp Humor or Diuretick Medicine it requires many Internal and External Remedies which that we may not exceed our bounds we leave to be prescribed by the Physician except some few whose vertue hath been often experimented by us Take Roots of round Birthwort Comfrey the greater Osmond-royal of each half a dram Myrrhe Frankincense Storax Mastick Gum Tragaganth Seeds of white Poppy Henbane of each a scruple Juice of Liquoras half a dram Venice-Turpentine as much as to make them into Pills of the bigness of a little Pea. Or Take Troches of Alkakingi de Carabe Burnt-Talk of each half a dram Bole-Armenick Sealed Earth Mans-skull of each a dram Venice-Turpentine as much as to make them into Pills of the bigness of a little Pea. Let the Patient take six of these Pills or of the former every day Morning and Evening Take Lime-water three ounces Plantain two ounces white Troches of Rhasis a dram Mix them for an Injection to be used twice or thrice every day Lime water in this place is nothing else than common-water wherein quick Lime hath been quencht have a care of making it too strong Ulcers of the neck of the Bladder are cured after the same manner though indeed more easily and those of the Penis far more easily although contracted from a virulent Gonorrhaea These are to be known by the pained Part and by the coming forth of the Matter before or after making of the Urine except timely you endeavor their Cure the Disease slides inwardly and will perforate either the Bladder or Perinaeum Sometimes there are here one or more Caruncles which because they cannot always be cured by Medicaments they may be taken away by Chirurgery by the assistance of an Instrument described by Pary and others yet many times have I cured these Excrescensies by using of small Suppositories made of the following Ointment thickned by gentle boiling Take Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz Honey of Roses of each two drams Make it into an Ointment In these Caruncles before they are fixt we effect much by Vulnerary Sudorifick and Anti-venereal Decoctions outwardly using the following Medicine Take Litharge of Gold Flower of Brimstone of each three drams prepared Tutty two drams Red Lead half a dram Ung. Aegyptiacum a dram Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient
to make it into an Ointment Anoint a Wax-Candle with this Ointment and put it into the Urinary passage renewing it twice or thrice a day until there is an absolute Mundification It s Consolidation is performed with no better Medicines that I know of than by the Amalgama of Mercury describ'd in the seventh Chapter of the second Book if it be mixt with Ung. Diapompholigos and the Wax Candle annointed with it and put into the Urethra as is already said Ulcers of the Neck of the Womb though slight they are of difficult Cure and if those Ulcers are negligently handled they produce grievous Symptoms and sometimes a Gangrene after Purging and the use of Vulnerary and Venereal Decoctions as also Bleeding the following is good Take Roots of Orise powdered Litharge of Gold Flower of Brimstone of each two drams Mastick a dram Mercurius dulcis half an ounce Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz two drams Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment A Fume Take Gum of Juniper an ounce Mastick Myrrhe Laudanum of each two drams Make it into a Powder If they had their Original from the French-Pox add to this Powder a dram of Cinnabar and use it twice a day Ulcers of the Legs especially those that are upon the Shins occasion great trouble to the Chirurgeon because the Humors of the whole Body continually flow to those parts for which reason the Medicines are oftentimes used to little purpose the Part must be well rowled from the Foot upwards and the Body once or twice a week well purged A Plate of Lead or Plaister of Lead or Diapompholigos of Mineum Griseum or the following is very good in this case Take the Plaisters of Lead Griseum of each an ounce Litharge of Gold Ceruse of each three drams Sac. Saturni half a dram Gum Elemny two drams Make it into a Plaister Another very good in these or other Malignant Ulcers Take Album-Graecum Froth of the Sea of each an ounce Oyl of bitter Almonds four ounces Sheeps-Sewet six ounces White Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister to which if you please you may add some Diapompholigos Factotum Magistri Christiani Take Oyl of Roses twelve ounces Ceruse Mussilage of the Roots of Comfrey of each six ounces White Wax four ounces Litharge of Gold Red Lead Lapis Calaminaris of each three ounces Make it into an Ointment according to Art Another Take Flowers of Red-Roses one ounce Balaustians two drams Elder-flowers an ounce and half Roots of Tormentil Round-Birthwort Roots long Pepper Lapis Calaminaris of each an ounce Prepared Tutty two drams Bole-Armenick half an ounce Litharge of Gold and Silver of each an ounce and half rose-Rose-water five ounces White Wine twelve ounces Mix them The End of the third Book of the second Part. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE STUDIOUS READER AS Chirurgery is a of Physick that ought not to be separated from it so also let not any imagine to himself that he can deserve the name of an Experienced Chirurgeon except he underderstand some part of it especially Anatomy the only Foundation of Chirurgery But seeing that the study of some most curious Anatomists hath found out many excellent things in this happy Age altogether unknown to the Ancients though some foolishly affirm the contrary with great pains ascribing those things to them which they never so much as dream'd of which indeed are not to be accounted of as ingenious subtleties but as the Fundamental Rules and Cynosure to those that Navigate through the vast Ocean of this Art It is every ones part to labour in it that it may be perfected and every day more and more illustrated which may at length be brought to pass if with the greater Pains Industry and Curiosity we enquire into the unknown Regions and Tracts of the Microcosm and not given to sloth plough our Ground with other Mens Oxen only trusting on the Authority of the Ancients which the Learned wisely call Asinorum Pontem As for me I have ventured to introduce some new Opinions because that I deemed them in the nature of things to exceed thee and me and all in Antiquity If thou enquirest into it with the same labour perchance thou mayest embrace the same Opinions That of the Circulation of the Blood is now spread over all Europe yea the principal Professors in the Illustrious Universities do all with one voice approve it the Salivous passages and Limphaducts as also the Lacteal Vessels both the greater and lesser may so plainly be demonstrated that they may be perceived as it were with one Eye My own proper and peculiar Opinions I have confirmed with Reasons which I suppose are agreeable to our Art In the rest if thou findest any thing new it is nothing but what can be demonstrated by Dissection What others have writ at another time pleaseth us also for I cannot nor ought not to change the parts of the Body nevertheless the Disposition of my Genius is so pregnant that I hope it will free thee from great pains and trouble For first I thought it convenient largely to discourse of the simple Parts their Affections and Vse that thou mightest not be necessitated to repeat in following the same thing a hundred times To this end I have retained the Terms of our Art used by the Ancient Latine Writers Then I expound the elaborating the Blood which properly is the Foundation of all Physick and which the Wits of the Learned have long and much wrested O foelicissimum qui metam proximè attigerit Lastly all the parts of the Head Breast Abdomen and Joynts I have so described having not at all separated them that thou mightest not be forced to seek one here and another there But that this knowledge might become the more profitable I have shewn the Vses of it in Chirurgery which I hope you will well apply and endeavour with me as much as possible to perfect this Imperfection BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Third Part of Chirurgery OR The PRACTICAL ANATOMY In FIVE BOOKS 1. Treats of the Parts in general 2. Of the Head 3. Of the Breast 4. Of the lower Belly 5. Of the Joynts CHAP. I. Of the Practical Anatomy THE PREFACE THou which desirest to know thy self come hither and view the little World will declare how thou oughtest to value the great one The Architecture of thy Creator by no Art to be bettered the Essence of thy Soul not to be reach'd by the greatest strength of thoughts and the fragility of thy Terrestrial Mansion will teach thee to esteem those things more that are above thee to use better those things that are within thee and to carry thy self with a more compassionate mind towards thy Neighbour although thou walkest here as a stranger the consideration of these things will shew thee that thou oughtest not to be a stranger in the most necessary knowledge of thy Duty by which thou mayest use it to the greater good of thy self so
The Tunicle investing them being eroded or divided the Skin cannot be consolidated before the whole Glandule together with its Tunicle be consumed with the Ulcer 3. If Corrosive Medicines cure not the Ulcers of the Glandules within the space of few weeks no hope remains of a sound Cure because of the continual Flux of Humors And this is the reason why we are for the most part compelled to take them away by Incision CHAP. XII Of the Skin THe Skin is a similar spermatick part having some Blood mixed with it reddish white loose investing the Body and serving for feeling 'T is covered by a Scarf-skin for the greater defence every where perforated with Pores to give vent to the useless Fumes and Vapors endued likewise with manifest Perforations as are the Mouth Nostrils Ears c. whose use is sufficiently known It hath Cutaneous Veins and Arteries as also Nerves It s Use is to cover the Body as moreover it is the Instrument of feeling Chirurgical Consideration 1. The Skin being discoloured by the Jaundies Freckles and other Spots this Water renders again smooth and fair Cosmetick Water of Minsicht Take white Frankincense Sugar-Candy of each two ounces white Hermodactils Florence-Orrise Venice-Borax of each an ounce Salt of Tartar Burnt Ivory Camphire of each half an ounce Flowers of white Lillies of the white Water-Lillies of the white Garden-Mallows of each three handfuls Virgin-Honey three ounces Goats-Milk two quarts Bean-flower-water and white Rose-water of each a pint and half white Lilly-water and Solomons Seal-water of each a pint being mixt let them be distilled in Balneo Mariae 2. Scars remaining after the Small Pox Wounds or Burns we take away by the following Medicines if deep and great first having used Exedents then Sarcoticks Take Venice-Borax three drams Camphire a scruple Oxes-Gall a dram Oyl of Mirrhe two drams Capons-grease half an ounce Make it into a Liniment Or. Take Powder of the Roots of Snake-weed of Orrise of each three dams Seeds of Melon blanch'd of Raddishes of each a dram Burnt Egg-shels half a dram Common white Chalk a dram and half Frankincense a dram Sugar-Candy three drams Gum Tragaganth dissolved in Rose-water an ounce Goose-grease as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment 3. Scabs blemishing the Skin are sometimes moist dry spreading eating crusty malignant this difference is of so small consideration that generals being well known 't is not difficult to one that well weighs every thing to proceed aright in particulars Seeing the Cause of this Disease is a sharp cholerick serous salt Humor mixt sometimes with Phlegm the often use of Purging Sweating and Vomiting of Bleeding Scarification Leeches Natural and Artificial Baths as also of cooling drying Medicines and those that temper the acrimony of the Blood Lotions and Unctions are here very profitable an Example of each I here give A Purging Decoction Take Roots of Asparagus Grass Polypody of each six drams Liquoras three drams Leaves of Fumitory Succory of each an handful Senna an ounce and half Rhubarb half an ounce Tamarinds an ounce Anifeeds two drams Cream of Tartar three drams let them infuse 24 hours in a sufficient quantity of Whey then boil them and to a pint and half of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Dianicum three ounces Make it into an Apozem Dose three ounces A Vomit Take Oxysaccharum Vomitivum Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna of each an ounce fumitory-Fumitory-water as much as is sufficient Make it a draught A Sudorifick Take Flower of Brimstone Antimony Diaphoretick Salt of Holy-Thistle Sal Prunellae of each a dram Make it into a Powder to be divided into six equal Doses A Bath Take Roots of red Docks Briony of each six ounces Leaves of Fumitory six handfuls Camomile Flowers three handfuls Bran a pound Brimstone two ounces Nitre an ounce Alom an ounce and half common Salt two ounces Mix them In a grievous and rebellious Scab the Powder of Snakes is excellent this is the Preparation of it Take a Snake in March if possible before it hath laid its Eggs the Head and tail being cut off and the Skin stript off all the inward Bowels except Tongue Heart and Liver thrown away let it dry in an Oven moderately warm to a Powder The Dose from four grains to fifteen Vipers dried after the same manner excel Snakes and are commended in the Leprosie it self A Fomentation Take Burnt-Talk an ounce and half quick-Lime two ounces Litharge of Gold half an ounce Bole-armenick an ounce dry Tabacco-Leaves three ounces White-Wine a pint clear Water a quart Let them boil a little and keep the strained Liquor for use A Liniment Take Crude Brimstone two drams Venice-Sope a dram and half prepared Nitre half a dram Litharge of Gold two drams Mercurius dulcis a dram and an half White Camphorated Ointment an ounce Oyl of Rhodium eight drops Make it into an Ointment CHAP. XIII Of the Fat Nails and Hair IT hath been long disputed whether the Fat Hair and Nails ought to be accounted Parts of the Body or Excrements I neither think them Excrements nor Parts properly so call'd Not Excrements for they are Bodies enjoying with the rest Life and Nourishment but not nourishing others and are of singular use for the publick good They are not Parts properly so call'd being destitute of any certain bounds and have no particular operation Fat nourisheth in Famine the Hair and Nails without injury to the whole may be cut off Adeps or Fat is a similar soft white insensible part made to preserve the Natural Heat to help Chylification to facilitate Motion to moisten the Parts and to nourish the Body in Famine Hair is a similar Part produced by the worst part of the Blood covering some Parts and in some manner adorning them 'T is outwardly four-square inwardly hollow the variety of Colour it owes to the Temperament Age of Men to the Constitution of the Air or Country The Nail is a similar part sprung also from the impurest part of the Blood flexible hard defending the Fingers from external injuries as also adorning them It s Root is joyned to a Ligament and is very sensible by reason of the neighbouring Tendons Chirurgical Considerations 1. Blood wholly or in part destitute of Fat is not much to be commended for its abundance constitutes fleshy its unctiousness fat Bodies as where but little fat lean this fatness of the Blood dispersed into the parts of the Body changeth into natural Fat more copiously in the cold parts to wit in the lower Belly Breast c. than in the hot These Signs may confirm our Opinion as often as they are required from the Blood after the opening of a Vein for the upper part of the Blood which is erroneously taken by many to be the Phlegm of the Body and so the vitious part oftentimes is the very best of it This may be distinguished by the Fire for if it be fat it will flame if Phlegm it useth to crackle hence
besides Sudorificks we use discussing Oyls and Plaisters In the same folding is Water also sometimes included which promiseth no certain hope of Cure Steatoma's and other Abscesses are often generated in the Caul by reason of its great quantity of Fat and its many Glandules which are very difficultly cured 3. The Guts which move themselves variously like to Worms sometimes they fall inwardly into one another especially when afflicted with great pain in this case the Excrements cannot pass to the Fundament this Malady is call'd Miserere mei or the Iliack Passion ordinary means effecting nothing a great Cupping-glass without Scarification is often to be applied to the Part affected and taken off again but whether it is not better to divide the Muscles of the Abdomen and the Peritonaeum and draw out with the Fingers the fallen-in Gut than to suffer the Patient inevitably to die 4. The Mesentery from it self and also from the great number of the Glandules is subject to Inflammation Tumors Vlcers and to Corruption These Diseases seeing they are very difficultly distinguished from others require an experienced Physitian we llkewise speak the same of the Sweet-bread and of the Spleen Yet in the mean time I will communicate to you this Plaister whose virtues I have often experienced in the Cure of the Tumor of the said Parts Take Gum Caranna Ammoniacum of each a dram Quicksilver kill'd with Turpentine half an ounce Make it into a Plaister 5. The Ligaments of the Liver which joyns it to the Diaphragm and to the Sword-like Cartilage are often so much relaxt that the Liver descends to the Region of the Navel this we remedy with this Plaister Take Roots of Bistort three ounces Bole-Armenick two drams Cummin-seeds a dram Gum Galbanum an ounce Ol. Nucistae exprest a dram Make it according to Art into a Plaister Moreover the Liver is not freed from Inflammations Vlcers nay not from Gangrene it self 6. The Gall may be broke from an extream Cough a Stone also nay sometimes many are generated in it I was last year with a certain Scot who in the space of four weeks voided two hundred Stones and more by Stool and was cured only by the use of the following purging Conserve Take Electuary of the juyce of Roses an ounce Powder of Jalop a dram Spirit of Salt a scruple Make it into a Conserve Let him take each day or each other day the quantity of a Nutmeg 7. For Wounds and Vlcers of the Kidneys our Chirurgery furnisheth you with sufficient Medicines The Vreters are also subject to Exulcerations but are cured by the same means which are proper in Vlcers of the Kidneys If they are broke either by a great Stone or other Cause the Disease is accounted incurable 8. Besides Stones Worms also are generated in the Bladder which may be expelled by Diureticks mixt with those things that kill Worms Take Aqua Antinephritica an ounce Water of grass two ounces Spirit of Salt six drops Corallin a scruple Syrup of Wormwood an ounce Mix them Let the Patient take one half in the Morning the other in the Evening This injection also is covenient it bringing them forth in a short time Take Holy-Thistle-water six ounces Mirrhe Aloes dissolved in Spirit of Wine of each a scruple Honey of Centaury half an ounce Mix them 9. The Testicles may as well as the other parts be inflamed where besides the general means these outwardly are convenient In the beginning let this Cataplasm be applied Take Powder of Red-Roses Myrtles Balaustians of each two drams Barley-Meal two ounces and an half Oyl of Roses Elder-Vinegar of each an ounce Red Wine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Poultice In a vehement pain Take Meal of Linced Barley and Fenugreek of each an ounce Leaves of Henbane a handful Mallows half a handful Hogs-grease an ounce Oyl of Poppy-seeds an ounce and half Milk as much as sufficeth to make it into a Cataplasm If after the Inflammation an Ulcer follows let the Chirurgeon assist Nature with Suppuratives the following Plaister is excellent to mollifie ease pain and to suppurate which is also very good in any other Tumor Emplastrum Filii Zachariae Take Yellow-wax Oxes-marrow Hens and Ducks-grease of each a pound the Mussilage of Linseed Marshmallows Fenugreek of each four ounces Oyl of Linseed as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister The matter being come to suppuration must be discharged which the Chirurgeon may do with a Launcet for I cannot commend to him here a potential Cautery from which I have observed very ill success Let the Orifice be little and penetrate only the Tunicles For in this case although the matter be good nevertheless the disease is dangerous and easily degenerates into a Cancer or Gangrene which cannot be taken away more conveniently than with a Knife and must be done at the first appearance of it then let the Chirurgeon endeavour to cure the Ulcer as soon as possible after the following manner let the Part be defended from all cold and continually corroborated by Medicines that the natural heat may be preserved in it This Lotion used warm is good Take Flowers of Balaustians Red-roses Myrtles of each two pugils Aloes a dram Franckincense two scruples plantane-Plantane-water three ounces Red-wine as much as sufficeth Boil them and strain them This being used apply the following Ointment putting over it a Plaister or Cataplasm moderately discussing Take prepared Tutty Ceruse washt of each two drams Red-lead Litharge of Gold of each a dram Sarcocols three drams Burnt-lead two drams Vnguentum Apostolorum half an ounce Oyl and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment 10. If the Yard be wounded for the most part it is mortal This Ointment is very excellent Take washt Ceruse three drams Mirrhe Litharge of each a dram and half Sarcocols prepared Tutty of each a dram Tragaganth two drams Oyl of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment An Inflammation of it is cured in the same manner as an inflammation of other sensible parts but if an External Vlcer should happen the Cure must be performed both by Internal and External Medicines lest it contracts a Malignity and degenerates into a Sphacelus Take Litharge half an ounce Burnt-lead three drams prepared Tutty two drams Aloes a dram and half Pine-bark dried four scruples Lapis Haematitis a dram Seeds of Dill burnt of Gourds burnt of each two scruples Oyl of Roses Quicksilver of each three drams Wax as much as sufficeth to make an Ointment But if it yields not to this by reason of its foulness Take Verdigreece half a dram Water of Plantane and Roses of each two ounces White-wine four ounces Spirit of Wine an ounce Mix them and boil them a little To this may be added Mercury precipitate if there be occasion A Sphacelus in this case hath no certainer cure than extirpation in part or wholly lest the mischief creep inwardly and kills the Patient
and Dr. Francis Vanderschagen wherewith we thought it necessary to oppose that pernicious Enemy with which we were to contend Our Prophylactick Water Take Roots of Angelica Zedoary of each an ounce Roots of Butter-Bur two ounces Leaves of Rhue four ounces Leaves of Balm Scabious Marrigold-Flowers of each two ounces unripe Walnuts sliced two pound fresh Citrons sliced a pound let them be all bruised together then poure upon them six quarts of the best Wine-Vinegar distilled by it self in a Glass Cucurbit in Sand. Let them digest a night then distil them with a gentle fire of Embers to driness but without burning and preserve this Vinegar for your use If you desire an Extract or Salt poure some of the distilled Liquor upon the Caput Mortuum or to the remander and let it digest for three days till it hath drawn out a Tincture with filtre and distil the filtred Liquor in Balneum Mariae to the consistence of an Extract After the Extract calcine the Caput Mortuum and draw forth the Salt Our Prophylactick Conserve Take fresh Citrons two pounds the Juice hard prest out the outward Coats separated from the inward Pulp and bruised very small adding Conserve of White-Roses half a pound of Red-Roses of Borage-Flowers of each half a pound preserved Orange-peels four ounces Make it into a Conserve Our Alexipharmick Powder Take Roots of Contrayervae half an ounce Pestilent-wort Tormentil Elicampane of each 2 drams sealed Earth Bole-armenick of each three drams Shavings of Harts-horn Ivory of each a dram Red Coral prepared four scruples Biting Cinamon two drams Diaphoretick Antimony half an ounce Make it into a Powder I have made use of these three foregoing Medicines with very great success as have also those famous Physicians before-mentioned when they have applied them to several that have been visited with the Plague When I have given them for a Preservative against the Plague I seldom mixed any other with them but for the Cure of it I never made use of them single but have always given them with these or some such like viz. Take Diascordium of Fracastorine four scruples Salt Prunella a scruple Salt of Wormwood half a scruple our Prophylactick Water Holy-Thistle-water Syrup of Barberries of each an ounce Mix them for a draught Or Take our Alexipharmick Powder a scruple Vitriolated Tartar eight grains Salt of Coral 15 grains Confection of Alkermes half a dram our Prophylactick Water an ounce and half Rue-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Holy-Thistle an ounce Mix it for a draught Or Take Antimony Diaphoretick a scruple Salt of Scordium of Rue of each half a scruple our Prophylactick water an ounce Fumitory-water as much as is sufficient Julep of Roses an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Confection of Hyacynth Diascordium Threacle of each two scruples our Prophylactick extract fifteen grains Spirit of Salt half a scruple Mix it into a Bole. Take our Prophylactick Conserve a dram and half prepared Crabs-Eyes a scruple our Prophylactick-water half an ounce Syrup of Limons an ounce Elder-Vinegar half an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Bezoartick Minera fifteen grains Sal Prunella a scruple Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd half a dram Make it into a Powder Let the sick person take some of these Medicaments for the provoking of Sweat plentifully to which purpose let him take Mutton or Chicken-broth an hour or two after he hath taken his Medicament let the Sweat be gently wiped off with a warm Cloth and another applied to his Breast For we have found it not safe to change the Shifts and other Linnen about the Patient unless they are too much moistened by Sweat We may safely administer these or the like Sudorificks twice in a day to the Patient or thrice in 24 hours and that very much to his benefit There are some who every six hours have very advantagiously made use of a new Sudorifick Nor are you easily to be persuaded to cease from the use of these means although the Patient should tell you that he is well in health lest you find the treacherous Disease of a sudden to surprize you both again For young Children who do usually abhor the taking of Physick I have found nothing better than the following Powder given them in their ordinary Drink two or three times in the space of 24 hours the Sugar may be omitted if the Patient digusts sweet things Take Diaphoretick Antimony 15 grains Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd a scruple and half Make it into a Powder Or Take Crabs-Eyes prepared Shavings of Ivory Bezoartick Mineral of each six grains Make it into a Powder We will treat of Juleps when we come to discourse of the Cure of the Plague The Symptomes of the Plague THey are many and very various but most of them are accompanied with some others which when the former are cured the latter are very easily removed We therefore think it very needless to give an account of them all in this place it will be sufficient to instance in the chief of them amongst which we in the first place encounter with A Fever Of such a Nature that it admits not of any purging or letting of Blood which the Experience of several hath sufficiently confirmed The Sudorificks before prescribed are no less useful for this Sympton than for the Plague it self but the Fever and great driness of the Tongue requiring such things as refrigerate they are not to be administred except they are mixed with Sudorificks as we have shewn before Take Water of Borage Sorrel of each two ounces our Prophylactick Water an ounce and an half Juice of sowre Oranges fresh Citrons of each two drams Julep of Roses as much as will make it conveniently sweet Oriental Bezoar fifteen grains Mix them Let the Patient often take the quantity of a spoonful hereof at once whereby his thirst will be much better allayed than if he should drink ten times the quantity of Beer and that without any check or hinderance to the Sweat Or Take Holy-Thistle-Water a pint our Prophylactick Water two ounces Syrup of sour Pomgranates two ounces and an half Mix them Or Take Scorzonera-roots Butter-bur-roots of each an ounce Sorrel-leaves two handfuls Boil them in Barley-water to a pint of the Liquor add Syrup of Violets two ounces Sal Prunella two scruples or Spirit of Salt as much as is sufficient Mix them For the Rich such like Juleps as these may be prepared which are both pleasant to the Palate and very Cordial Take borage-Borage-water three ounces Holy-Thistle-water a pint Rose-water an ounce Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd an ounce Amber-greece two grains Musk a grain Juice of Citrons as much as sufficeth Mingle them Wesop-Ale or some such like which is well boyl'd may here be very useful especially if some Nutmeg scrap'd or a piece of calcin'd Harts-horn be tied up steeped in it Nor need we fear any mischief from exceeding either in the quantity or the frequent repeating of it but we must take heed that
and white Wax and melt them over the fire yet so as that you melt the Wax by it self and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaister Into this compound you must dip some fine lint and you 'l find it very useful for any angry part as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another as happens in hydropical and other swollen people whose belly so sinks down that the thighs suffer by it in which case such lints are to be put between the parts to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another A grangrene is cured with Sal-armoniac boiled in Urine especially in that of the Patient and clapping such Urine upon the part affected The quantity of the Sal-armoniac may be six drachms For frozen Feet take Gander-suet and Deer-suet dissolve them together and pour them into a white excavated Turnip and expose this for a while to the Air Rain Wind Hoar-frost Snow according as the season shall be Then mince the Turnip and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it that done squeeze it out and let the fat fall upon cold water and being there brought to consistence take it off and bring it over the helm from burned Wine and decant this carefully from it again and 't is duely prepared You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips beaten with Butter or Tallow and so clapt on CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practices for the Service of the honest Souldier THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix for the ease and good of Souldiers wherein some things will occurr not inferiour to those that have preceded But herein I have kept no order but set them down promiscuously yet faithfully to supply what may have been omitted before If you be troubled with the Tooth-ach coming from the cold in winter take the root of Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain and boil it in Vinegar and hold this Vinegar warm in your mouth and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain Or take the root of Elder boil it in half Wine and half Water and hold it warm upon the Teeth But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out and other fresh taken into you mouth of which I have found wonderful Effects The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine and laid on is esteem'd to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabs of Savin stale Fat Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oyl If your Limbs after long sickness be weak boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl and anoint such Limbs therewith Also the Oyl of Lillies in the valley and that of yellow Violets is good for the same purpose For worms in the Fingers bruise Parsicaria Arsmart and lay it on or take of a Piggs Bladder of Gall and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast make a Decoction of Scabious Chervil and Germander in two parts of wine one part of water and strain it and drink of it mornings and evenings Against the putrefaction of the Mouth make a Decoction of Privet in water adding afterwards a little Allum to it and use it for a gargarism Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn with a little Allum is of great effect in the same case Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes and a Lixivium made of it and clapp'd on cureth a Gangrene and the wild Fire especially if you mingle a little Oyl of Elder therewith If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oyl take the green middle rind of Elder and boil it in Oyl Olive and then strain the Oyl which done take fresh rind of Elder and proceed with it as before repeating it three or four times to make the Oyl the stronger You may add a little wine to it whilst 't is boiling but that must all boil away and so long till the Oyl cracks no more in the fire Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on draweth out splinters If you have the Itch or are scabby and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree wash your self with it Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder which is under the gray in Butter and anoint your self with it mixing if you will a little Brimstone therewith If you be troubled with the Ring-worm or any running Scab infuse Litharge in Vinegar and let it stand a night infused or make a Decoction of the same in Vinegar But your pain or vessel must be of brass This Vinegar mingle with Oyl of Elder or of Roses or the like and it will become a fine gray Salve curing such running Scabs as aforesaid and cooling also Inflammations If your Body be bound take Sage pulverised and mix it with grease and anoint your Navil with the quantity of a hasel-nut of it This I have with very good success advised to women in child-bed that were thus bound and obstructed If you will have it stronger mix with it the Gall of a Fish or of any Animal whatsoever but then you must not give it to a woman in child-bed Gromel by the Latins call'd Milium Solis pulverised and the weight of half a ducat of it taken in wine or broath provoketh urine yet must the belly be open'd first The same doth Linaria or Toad-flax boiled in wine or broath Likewise distilled water of Radishes repeating the distillation several times from other fresh Radishes Which will have the better effect if the Patient bath his lower parts in a bath made of Marsh-mallows Melilot and the like Gromel above-mention'd taken in warm broath expels the birth And so do the blossoms or buds of Walnut-trees Crabs-eyes also pulverised and taken in warm broath likewise Issop boiled in wine and drank warm This I have inserted for the sake of poor Souldiers-wives who amongst us often follow the Camp If they have any great After-pains let them bath their lower parts in a Bath made of Dill and Camomil-flowers And the yolks of hard Eggs beaten together with some convenient Oyl Nut-oyl is the best and a Plaister made of it and laid to the belly is also very good If they have too great a profusion of blood let them take a drachm of burnt Harts-horn and burnt Ivory in a convenient Vehicle In case of a mortal wound take of pure Turpentine four ounces wash it with fresh limpid water and then dissolve it over a mild fire which done mix with it two ounces or two ounces and an half of white Wax dissolved apart To this add about three ounces of Womans milk which is sucked by a Boy The Turpentine and Wax being somewhat cooled together must be well stirr'd and then poured on cold Vinegar whence when 't is brought to a consistence it is to be taken off and made into a Plaister and so laid
less danger than the next foregoing and people oftner recover upon it yea Learned Writers assure us that by this Operation and the use of Injection they have cured many of Ulcers of the Lungs Concerning the Place of Opening Authors are not agreed in it the reason whereof is obvious For the Diaphragma runs higher in some persons than in others whence it comes to pass that the collected Humors in some Patients lie higher than in others Secondly the Chest is raised in some flat in others which here much alters the case Besides the Lungs do often grow so fast to the Pleura that the sanious matter cannot easily be carried into the Cavity of the Breast In which case it would be ill done to chose the place of Opening lowest in respect of the Diaphragma And in regard that in this as in other swellings the most eminent place is esteemed the most convenient for opening it cannot be otherwise but that one Chirurgeon hath made choice of this place and another useth that place as the best Upon which account Hyppocrates Guido Amatus Lusitanus c. do make the apertion between the third and fourth Rib counting from beneath upwards Fienus Riverius and many others between the fourth and fifth Paulus Aegineta Vidus Vidius Fabritius ab Aquapendente Sennertus c. between the fifth and sixth which place in my opinion is the safest for if higher the Pericardium if lower the Diaphragma may be wounded of which there have been many sad Examples But in this difference of dissenting Writers what hath been said will direct you to pass into the safest Haven All things therefore well considered chuse the place where to make your Apertion not the forepart for before the Sternum or Breast-bone will hinder your operation here nor in the back-part for the Ribs are so close to one another that without hurting some Vessels you cannot make any Apertion there but on the side four or five inches from the Sternum Neither ought the Incision to be so near to the upper Ribs as to the lower because the intercostal Vessels viz. the Vein Artery and Nerve lie in the lower part of each Rib where Nature hath assigned them a place branching themselves into the middle of the intercostal Muscles which dissemination nevertheless hinders not but that the Incision may be made in the middle between the two Ribs After you have marked the place with Ink charge the Patient to breath forth as long as possibly he can without taking it in and in the mean time make an oblique but small Orifice and put into it a Silver or Leaden Pipe and take forth four or five ounces of Matter to run out in a day In case the Matter does not come forth well place your Patient on the wounded side and make him to cough if by reason of its toughness it will not yet come forth then inject into the cavity some abstersive exsiccating and healing Medicines As Take Goats whey eighteen ounces Honey of Roses four ounces the Juice of Celandine and Smallage of each six drams Mingle it Or Take the Roots of Comfrey the greater an ounce of Sanicle half an ounce the Leaves of Betony Agrimony Periwincle Burnet of each half a handful the Cordial Flowers two pugils the Seed of St. John'swort Holy-Thistle Roman-Nettle of each half a dram Boil them in Water and Honey to a pint and half strain it and keep it for your use Of this Injection the Patient may also drink a little twice or thrice a day It is yet further to be observed that the collected Matter is often contained in a Membrane of its own and by its rising manifests it self from without and then the Latines call it Vomica Pulmonis In which case you must not stay till the Membrane breaks of its self for by delay the Matter flowing up and down is more difficulty to be got out of the Breast but open it presently taking no other place but the most raised part of the swelling Now since an Empyema for the most part follows upon a Pleurisie and 't is dayly found that ignorant Chirurgeons take all kind of pain in the Sides Belly and Breast although caused from Winds only for a Pleurisie thereupon immediately opening a Vein I thought therefore necessary to write in this place of the Pleurisie as much as is necessary for a Chirurgeon to know for the preventing such mistakes The Pleurisie then is an inflammation of the Pleura and commonly of the Lungs themselves caused from afflux of Blood accompanied with Pain Cough spitting of Blood shortness of Breath continual Feaver strong and quick Pulse The Cause is the Blood sometimes alone when a true Pleurisie sometimes mixt with other Humors then it occasions a Bastard one The Signs as may be seen in the Description are so evident that those who know not how to distinguish it from a Cholick are not worthy of any excuse The Prognosticks The sooner the matter is concocted and the whiter and easier 't is ejected the quicker and safer is the Issue If the Cough and difficulty of breathing lessen not by a copious Expectoration 't is an ill sign If the Patient come not to spit the third or fourth day then will he scarce see the seventh If upon Bleeding and other fit means the pain cease not the Patient must either die or the Pleurisie will turn to a Consumption or an Empyema The Cure In this case Bleeding is one of the most necessary and safest means of Cure and if used in time the Patient in the very Operation and before the Vein be closed will find relief and sometimes be altogether freed of the pain Nor do I know any Disease in which there may to the Patient's benefit be so much Blood taken away at once as in this There are different Opinions concerning what side the Patient is to bleed on But those have had little Experience of this sickness who have not found that Patients at least in these Countreys are relieved much more and sooner when they are bled in the Arm of the same side where the Pain is than when it is done in the opposite side The Pain not ceasing in four and twenty hours we are necessitated to bleed twice or thrice most commonly in the same Arm but here you must well observe the Patient's strength After letting Blood sometimes Purging Swearing and Expectorating Remedies are very necessary One only Medicine I cannot conceal from you because of its Excellency The Industrious Physitian Dr. Hadden in his Cure of the Pleurisie hath much commended it and I have after once Bleeding always in the beginning used it with great success viz. Take the Juice of Dandelion an ounce and half the Water of Plantane two ounces of Holy-Thistle and Scabious Syrup of Poppies Erratick of each an ounce Crabs-Eyes a scruple and half Mix it Let the Patient every half hour take down a spoonful or two of it until the Flux be stopped After which you
it be not given cold lest Gripings Flux and a pain at the Heart such like Maladies should be caused thereby To such who have weak stomachs a pain at their heart I do use to give the liberty when their Fever abates to drink Mosel or Rhenish-wine with Sugar the juice of Limons provided that they take it in a moderate quantity But I believe they do err very much who prescribe to their Patients whilst the Fever continues still very high some sort of French Wine either alone by it self or mixt with their Sudorificks That Oriental Stone call'd Lapis Porcinus or Pedro Porco is of very great use if it be steeped for a while in your ordinary Drink for it strongly provokes Sweat and very much refresheth the Heart This Stone if I mistake not is generated in the Gall of an Hog for it is exceeding bitter and though it be very hard yet every time it is infused it abates somewhat of its quantity which is discoverable by the Tincture which it imparts to the Liquor Nor is the Gall of a man sometimes void of such Stones which are like unto those taken out of an Hog in savour hardness and colour and we might find them too perhaps in their efficacy likewise if we thought fit to make trial of them This Fever is often accompanied with drowsiness which forbids the use of the principal Sudorificks such as Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. because there is Opium in their composition which makes them not so effectual for the preventing of sleep It is more requisite to use this following which is agreeable for dispelling the Vapours which infect the Head and the heat about the Heart Take Salt of Rue of Scordium Prunella of each half a scruple Vitriolated Tartar 8 grains our Prophylactick Water an ounce Balm-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Betony an ounce Mix them for a draught Let Sweat be thereby provoked and let it be the care of the Attendants that after the first or second day the Patient may be kept from sleep if it be found that he hath strength to bear it There is sometimes joyn'd with the Fever continual Watchings and a great pain of the Head I do not use to be much concerned for the watchings although it should continue for the first three days without intermission for it often falls out that by the use of Sudorificks only the pain is the first day abated on the 2d becomes tolerable and on the third is quite taken away Opium hath in it the virtue of causing Sweat and is a great Ingredient in Treacle Diascordium and Mithridate which without it would not in my judgment have that Sudorifick quality for which they are now noted It is also reckoned by several Authors amongst those Medicines which are famous for dispelling of Poison whose use is very requisite in all malignant Fevers nor do I believe that there can any other Medicine be named which gives so present relief to the Patient as Opium concerning the operation whereof they are able to give a better account who have been frequent and curious in the use of it I have sometimes in this case though contrary to Custom given it sparingly when I have found the sick person not to sleep in the first second or third days But when he hath waked for six or seven days together and found a great decay of strength this following Prescription taken every quarter of an hour by a spoonful till sleep hath seized on him hath afforded great relief and the sleep produced thereby hath been undisturbed and of long continuance Take our Prophylactick-water an ounce half Borage-water an ounce Cinamon-water three drams Confection of Hyacinth a dram Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd three drams Laudanum Opiat two grains Mix them You may safely make use of Opium after the manner before mentioned but in Gachectick infirm Bodies whosoever gives it too boldly or is fearful of prescribing it at all discovers that he understands not its Virtue and Efficacy Before I come to the use of Opiat Laudanum I endeavour to ease the pain of the Head by these following viz. by applying Ground-Ivy bruised to the nape of the Neck and to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands this or some such like Composition Take Leaves of Rue a handful and half sowre Leaven two ounces Pigeons dung an ounce common Salt half an ounce Elder-Vinegar as much as sufficeth to make it into a Poultice to be applied to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands Or Take Bolearmenick seal'd Earth common white Chalk of each half an ounce Vinegar of Marigolds as much as sufficeth Apply it as before To the Forehead I have often applied the Powder of Cloves moistened with the Spirit of Wine for I take Vinegar to be hurtful as are also all Emulsions Vomiting and the Hiccough is another symptom of the Plague It hath been observed by several who have been so curious as to open Bodies which have died of the Plague that Carbuncles have often appear'd in the Stomach and amongst the Entrails whose testimony is not to be rejected since it is so agreeable both to Reason and Experience These If they are not the Cause of the Vomiting and Hiccough may be easily removed by a spoonful of this following Preparation taken cold every quarter of an hour Take Mint-water our Prophylactick-water of each an ounce and half Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Hyacinth a dram Salt of Coral a scruple Syrup of Myrtles half an ounce Rose-Julep half an ounce Mix them By the use hereof the Vomiting is usually stay'd especially if the Stomach be sometimes anointed with this following Oyl Take Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression a dram and half Oyl of distill'd Mace half a dram Oyl of Wormwood a dram Mix them In the mean while let the sick person forbear to drink too plentifully and as soon as the Vomit is stayed let him make use of some good Sudorifick Another Symptom of the Plague is a great Flux which is usually a sign that Death approacheth but when the sick person hath not voided meer blood nor any thing of a bloody substance I have sometimes found these following Prescriptions to be successful Let him abstain from all things that are either acid or salt which except in this case are of great use in the Plague and likewise from drinking much But if his thirst be so exceeding great that he cannot bear it let him take one two or three spoonfuls of this following Mixture Take Tormentil-Roots an ounce Red Roses a handful Shaving of Harts-horn a dram Seeds of Sorrel and Mirtle of each a dram Boil them in Smiths water and to nine ounces of the Liquor add of the Confection of Hyacinth a dram Syrup of Mirtles an ounce Mix them Many have also from Treacle alone received great benefit by swallowing a little of it every four hours till they have taken the quantity of a dram as likewise
from this following taken by spoonfuls Take Fracastorius his Diascordium two drams Amber half a scruple red Coral prepared Dragons blood of each a scruple prepared Pearls half a scruple fennel-Fennel-water an ounce Plantane and Rose-water of each an ounce and half Syrup of Comfery of Fernelius an ounce Mix them Clysters of an astringent drying emollient quality given twice or thrice in a day have likewise in this case been found very necessary Take Roots of Comfrey the greater an ounce Bistort and Tormentil Roots of each three drams Oak-leaves half a handful Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses of each a pugil Aniseeds three drams boil them in Cows Milk that hath been burnt to into 8 ounces of Liquor dissolve of Venice Turpentine two drams one Yolk of an Egg white Troches of Rhasis a dram Honey of Mercury half an ounce of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster The Bathing of the Belly with the Lees of white or rather of red Wine and the applying to it afterward a warm cloth three or four times doubled have by some been found to be of singular benefit or else the Ointment and Plaister following may be made use of Take Oyl of Mastick of exprest Nutmegs of each a dram Oyl of Dill Wormwood Myrtles of each two drams old Treacle three drams Mix them Take Bolearmenick Franckincense Mastick Dragons-blood of each two drams Mummy three drams Powder of Galls a dram half Seeds of Carrots Lovage Anise Myrtles of each a scruple Oyl of Nutmegs by expression three drams Venice-Turpentine as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister And thus much may suffice to have been spoken concerning the inward Symptoms of the Plague the outward are three the Spots call'd Petechiae the Bubo and the Carbuncle The Spots can hardly any other way be better removed than by inward Remedies but they do usually portend some mischief The Bubo I am wont to deal with after this manner following At the first appearance of it and although the swelling hath arrived to no considerable height I draw a Blister without making use of Cupping-glasses which by reason that they cause a great deal of pain create a Fever draw unto them both the good bad Humors cause a greater alteration than was before in the Blood I do utterly lay aside After 7 or 8 hours cutting the Blister I apply unto that part a Magnetick Plaister of Arsenick the virtue whereof is so great that I know not any more excellent which will appear to whomsoever shall make use of it the account of it out of Hartman and Agricola is as followeth The Magnetick Arsenical Plaister Take Crude Antimony yellow Brimstone white Arsenick of each two ounces When you have beat them very small let them be put into a Viol covered in Sand to which you must apply fire till they are all melted appear to be of a dark red colour when it is cool it may be taken out of the Vessel and this is that which they call the Arsenical Magnet and hath not in it any thing of Poyson as it may be easily experimented upon Dogs afterwards Take Gum Sagapenum Ammoniacum Galbanum of the Arsenical Magnet of each three drams Turpentine of the Larch-tree Wax of each half an ounce Oyl of Amber two drams Dulcified Earth of Vitriol a dram Let the Gums be dissolved in the strongest Wine-Vinegar and strained through a Linnen Cloth let them after that be boiled up to their former consistence then melt the Wax and the Turpentine together by themselves when you have taken them off from the fire stir them well till you have brought them to the consistence of an Ointment then add to them the Gums beforementioned the Arsenical Magnet together with the Earth of Vitriol and Oyl of Amber you will have that plaister which is most effectual for drawing forth all sorts of Poyson I have found the virtue of this Plaister to be such that if it be applied to those parts where the Skin is somewhat hard it leaves not the least sign of a Scar and yet doth so plentifully draw forth the malignant Humor that a Bubo of the bigness of a Walnut will in the space of 5 or 6 days be utterly taken away but because it doth not always so suddenly produce this Effect it is often very necessary to raise a Blister for evacuation of the Humors And it is observable that in some strong Bodies it causeth no Escar at all unless when the Blister hath corroded not only the outward but also the inward Skin But in Children and more tender Bodies it will of it self cause an Escar although there be no Blister drawn before the application of it This Escar or Crust is the true seat of the Venom which is extracted is of that thickness especially considering that the Skin is but superficially corroded that it is well worth our while to consider it For I do believe that to be the reason why it is much sooner separated than other Crusts or Scars that are caused by Art for in the space of 24 or 36 hours if no Scarification hath preceded it may be easily taken off without any or at least with a very small pain if you make use of any Antipestilential Plaister and add unto it some Treacle or Vnguentum Basilicum or else the severing of the Escar may be very much promoted by this Ointment Take Virgins-Honey Ducks-greese of each an ounce Soot six drams Turpentine an ounce Yolks of two Eggs Treacle three drams Oyl of Scorpions as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment But if the Tumor is not sufficiently abated when the first Crust is taken off by the Arsenical Magnetick Plaister it is requisite that you create a second or third and then proceed as before The Ulcer may be consolidated by a Plaister of Minium of White Lead Diapompholigos or some such Remedy which drieth up the Humor and bringeth the Ulcer to a Cicatrice But we must observe this by the way that this Consolidation is not to be wrought too suddenly lest part of the poysonous Humor which still remains in the Body should cause some new Disease which may be fatal to the Patient For want of the Magnetick Plaister you may make use of this following if you take care first to raise a Blister the vertue whereof hath been found to be very great by several for the taking away of painful Scrophula's and the excellent qualities that are in it have made it famous by the name of The Divine Plaister Take Gum Galbanum an ounce Ammoniacum two drams Oppoponax three drams yellow Wax twenty ounces Oyl of Olives 24 ounces Litharge of Gold 17 ounces Olibanum two ounces Mirrhe Frankincense of each ten drams Verdigreece long Birthwort Mastick of each an ounce Bdellium Loadstone of each two ounces Make it according to Art into a Plaister If the Bubo is too protuberant or cleaves to the Tendon a Vesicatory is too weak but
nourishment for the whole body and restrain as much as thou canst thy appetite there being nothing more hurtful to health than when that is irregular and extravagant Gird thy self well that thy body may be close and so be secured from receiving mischief in leaping falling storming c. and thy bowels from being put out of their place Take also with thee out of the Apothecary's shop a powder called Pulvis solutivus de Tribus which is not dear Of this when thou needest purging take the weight of a ducat or a little more according to thy constitution in warm flesh-broath or the like early in the morning fasting so ordering the matter that that day thou maist keep thy self warm in thy quarter Fast two hours after the taking of it and then eat warm meat The same be done with Pulvis Sena Montagnana and Pulvis solutivus de Tartaro If thou be troubled with Corns on thy feet apply to them every day fresh lard and continue this till by the fatness of the lard they grow soft and then they will fall off from the very roots without pain To free or secure thy self from Vermin take a good quantity of Wormwood and the inner cuttings of horse-hoofs cut out by the Farriers when they shooe horses boyl these both together in half lye and half water and so put thy shirt into it and afterwards dry it in the Air without washing it out any other way and not a Lowse will come into it This Experiment is found approved amongst the old German Souldiers and although there should be a Lowse in thy shirt it would not stay there If thy feet be moist and sweaty which is very troublesome not only to thy self but to others also take the filings of Brass which are sometimes used for dust to dry moist writings with and put some of it into thy socks and walk upon it Refresh this every other or third day and thou shalt soon be freed of that inconvenience Nor be thou troubled that it makes as it will do thy feet look greenish for there is no hurt at all in that since you are not like to put them in your cap. Take also with thee some Stags or Bucks-grease to make use of in case thou shouldst be galled any where in riding or going on foot Anoint the part therewith at the fire-side and it will soon be healed To prevent Rust draw thy Sword through the fat of a Goose or a Capon or grease thy Arms therewith Take care to have always about thee a hard crust of Rye-bread for if thou art dry and destitute of water wine or beer to quench thy thirst chew some of this dry crust and it will moisten thy mouth and considerably abate thy thirst The same may be done with a Leaden-bullet rolled to and fro in the mouth Lead being cooling It hath been prescribed above to take with thee the Herbs Imperatoria and Carlina Of this be mindful for if it should happen that thou shouldst be obliged to stand some hours in battel or in the field take a piece of it in thy mouth for hunger thirst and refreshment and thou shalt find it will keep thee a good while from faintness But woe to thy fellows if they want it for they will certainly faint unless thou be so kind as to give them a share in thy provision In the best Apothecary-shops may be found a root called Costus somewhat like Cinnamon which hath the same effect And if others should eat Onions others drink Brandy and I only hold in my mouth of this root the bigness of half a Pea I should keep in breath a good while longer than they But take notice that this I speak of is not the common Costus which hitherto hath been sold for the true in common shops but that which comes to us from the Indies If thou art a Horse-man take a good quantity of Bay-salt a little Brimstone Clove and Ginger and mingle with it some of the powder of the two above-said herbs Imperatoria and Carlina and give it to thy Horse or in case of want of Provender let him have of it upon his bit or give him some upon a slice of bread and it will make him strong and vigorous If thou art to ride in a German Saddle the two hind-knobs whereof are wont only to be stuffed out with straw or horse-hair get thee made two Tin-flasks with good screws fitted for those places In one of them carry Brandy in the other Vinegar The Brandy will serve thee in cold nights and fresh mornings and and 't will be good also for thy horse giving him a little of it upon bread The Vinegar will be of use to thee for the heat of the day washing thy mouth with it as also spirting a little of it into thy horses mouth Besides mingling it with water it will afford thee a good cooling drink If it he very cold put some of that horse-hair that is wont to be curried out of their mains and tails into thy Boots I never received on such occasions more warmth from any thing especially keeping my self dry A Hares-skin is also good for this purpose making socks of it but if it grow wet 't is naught Gather of the Wheel-grease that runs out at the nave of the Wheels and would else be lost which hath taken in some of the substance of the Iron that is about the Axel-tree witness its blackness This is a good Ointment for Horses When thou comest into the field and art to lye abroad look out for some rising ground that the Rain which may possibly fall may run away from thee And avoid as much as is possible Vallies Marishes Ditches Meadows and the like low and moist places Besides observe the Air and put up thy Tent towards the East which quarter though it be cool yet 't is wholsom But lest it should be too cool order it so that thou mayst enjoy that wind which comes from between the East and South as being one of the wholsomest of all Airs and temperate the South-air qualifying the sharpness of the Eastern Beware of the Western wind especially that which blows from between the South and West The Air of Mid-night is wholsome enough and dry but sharp and piercing Believe it a Souldier is much concern'd in the Air nor hath Hippocrates without cause written a whole Book De Aere Aquis Locis to teach how the Air Water and Places are to be discerned and chosen Moreover look about thee for good clear Water such as grows warm and cool again sooner than other waters and observe this mark for my sake I know water that will not boyl Pease Vetches Stock-fish Flounders c. In some Springs Iron is turn'd into Brass and great care is to be had in the choice of water for drinking But if thou canst not have spring-Spring-water but art necessitated to use Pit or ditch-Ditch-water have a care not to drink it without straining
the Plague reign not open first a Vein For a violent Cough boil white Turnips well cleansed in common water throw away this first water pour on other water and in it let the Turnips boil till they grow soft Strain this water sweeten it with Sugar or infuse in it Liquorice cut small and drink of it mornings and evenings warm Or make a Decoction of St. Johns bread and drink it abstaining from all four and salt things The bleeding at the Nose is also incident to persons infected which is no good sign though in sound persons it often frees from the Head-ach and cools the Liver If this bleeding be too violent clap Ice-cold water about the Patients Neck or let him put his Pudenda in cold Vinegar CHAP. V. Of the Inflammation of the Tongue its rise and concomitants together with the Remedies WHen the Tongue is inflamed the whole Oesophagus or Weasand is inflamed also and this from beneath upward because the inward fire sends up its smoak all along as it were that chimney which like soot sticks to it drying and blackning the same But there is another Inflammation much more dangerous which taking its rise about the Heart and therefore is call'd the Inflammation of the Heart which proceeds from the great inflammation of the orifice of the Stomach situate near the heart in which is inserted the sixth pair of Nerves which maketh the said orifice very sensible of any pain This part being seized by so great an inflammation which is venomous withal it must in a manner harden and shrink and this heat is of that extent that the inner Membrane of the Stomach that of the Tongue being one and the same what befalls the Stomach the Tongue must needs be sensible of it Whence it comes to pass that if the Gall overflows and passeth into the Stomach the Tongue presently finds the bitterness of it or if the Stomach be full of slime or foul or the like the Tongue is soon affected therewith There is another kind of Inflammation by the Latins called Prunella alba This is of the same kind with the rest but not of the same degree for 't is not of so dry a nature as the others are but commonly is moist yet overlays all the Gums the Throat and the Weasand with such a tough white slime like a kind of Leather and so covers the Almonds with the same that sometimes it can hardly be removed even with Instruments The Tongue is as if it were crusted over with dough the Gums like an Oven that by the heat of fire is burnt white the Almonds cover'd as 't were with white leather and the Palate of the Mouth likewise And in this case if the Patient will speak he lalls and stutters his Tongue being burthen'd with a load of slime or if he make his Tongue wagg the slime spins out like a thred and so invades the Teeth as if they were laid over with varnish And when this varnish on the Teeth grows black as I have often observ'd it to do and drieth on them 't is a mortal sign of which Hyppocrates saith Quibus in febribus livores circumdentes nascuntur his fortes fiunt febres 4. Aph. 53. These are the three sorts of Inflammation for which let us now seek out the Remedies beginning from the last the White This is not to be master'd by gargarisins alone but the hand must be employed also Take therefore Cotton-wooll or Flax and wind it about a stick or rod and dip this in Vinegar and rake his Throat and Gums therewith yet taking care not to make it raw let him gargarise between and wash well his Mouth with Water and Vinegar or Mul-berry-juyce Privet that grows in the hedges or the middle rind of Haw-thorn boiled in Water and a little Vinegar then strained with a little Sal-armoniack put into it is in this case an excellent gargarism but if there be blisters upon the Tongue or elsewhere then take instead of Sal-armoniack a little unburnt Allom and mix it therewith If you can have the Juyce of Turnips or the Juyce of fresh House-leek dissolve therein also a little Sal-armoniack and use it to wet the stick wherewith thou cleansest the Throat of the Patient dipping it often therein and carrying it about the Vvula or Palate of the Mouth and you will see lumps come away as big as Pease The skin is under this Prunella alba fair and red but tender Whilst thou art cleansing the Patients Mouth let him often gargarise with the Waters above-specified and he will clear his Mouth of the loosen'd lumps If thou canst get Mul-berry-juyce mixt with Honey of Roses the Mouth will heal the better for upon this sort of Inflammation there usually follows a Putrefaction of the Mouth and in case thou perceivest any such thing take Wood-sorrel and the above said rind of Haw-thorn make a Decoction of it and put in it a little Allom and often gargarise with it Clean thy Teeth from the slime with Water well sharpned with Vitriol The common Inflammation of the Mouth may be cured with frequent washing of the Mouth taking a gargarism made of House-leek Lettice Night-shade or Self-heal Water mixing a little Honey of Roses and Mul-berry-juyce with it Of this gargarism the Patient is also to swallow a little thereby to moisten the Throat Some take House-leek and beat it and put to a pound of it half an ounce of Sal-armoniack mixing it well together And so they put it for some days in an earthen pot glased under ground then they distill of it a Water in Balneo or in Sand Which is excellent both to drink and to gargarise though the Sal-armoniack make it a little unpleasant But there is nothing better to allay this Inflammation than Niter which is so well known amongst Souldiers that they are wont to give one another Gunpowder to drink which Powder performs this effect not upon the account of the Coals or Brimstone but the Saltpeter For this cause Experienced Physitians and Chirurgeons endeavour to purifie Niter for this use that it may have the greater effect and this they do in manner following They take of the purest Niter they can get as much as they think fit they beat it to a fine powder and melt it in a large Crucible whilst it boils up and foameth they pour into it a little powdered Sulphur and so let it boil together till the blew Sulphur-flame ceaseth then they cast in more fresh Sulphur Which they repeat often and then pour out the Niter into an earthen vessel glased making Lozenges of it of which they put one pulverised into a quart of limpid water and so give the Patient to drink of it as much as he needs to quench his thirst Or they give of this purified Niter to their Patients labouring under this Inflammation the quantity of a ducat or half a ducat weight in Broath or in Ptisan till they find the Tongue cleared of its
slime The use of Salt-petre thus prepared removeth also the Inflammation of the Heart especially if it be melted upon Lead and then proceeded with as before For Lead is a considerable cooler of which cooling quality the Niter whilst it is melting upon it taketh in not a little Let then your Lead melt and when 't is melted dissolve the Niter upon it and then to purifie it cast some Brimstone into it as was said above till it be cleansed from all impurity and then give of it to thy Patient two or three times a day according as need shall require Otherwise take live Crafishes and fresh Housleek beat them together in a Mortar squeeze out the Juyce with it mix a little Sal-Armoniack or a pretty deal of thy prepared Niter make a Potion of it and give of it even cold to thy Patient repeating this several times every eight or ten hours once according as you shall see occasion Or take fresh Lard if it be salted draw it through hot Water to unsalt it and cut a slice of it two fingers large and of the thickness of a knives back put this into the Mouth of thy Patient it is an excellent Remedy against this Inflammation of which I shall give the reason hereafter I have seen wonders done with it But if thy Patient do rave then fasten this slice of Lard with a Thred and Needle to his Shirt or Doublet lest he swallow it Or take fresh Butter and put it in cold Water and of it give thy Patient at a time the quantity of a Hasel-nut to hold it upon his Tongue and let it melt there which will keep the Tongue always moist And if thou work among this Butter some of thy prepared Niter it hath a wonderful effect though the taste be not pleasant I promised above to explain the Reason of the Cure of these Inflammations When you take a Gargarism of the Waters of Night-shade Wood-sorrel Knot-grass Endive Housleek and the like mingled with Vinegar you do well but this is not enough the reason is If you wet a piece of Leather you make it indeed limber but when it comes to be dry it grows hard and shrinks except you grease it over with some fatty matter and then it will remain smooth So it is with the Tongue though it be made clean with Gargarisms yet will it become again rough and untoward unless some fatness be used For which cause I have directed to use Lard or Butter mixt with Niter If the Almonds be swelled thou must abstain from all sowre things and prepare a Gargarism of Figgs St. Johns Bread Mallows-flowers Liquorice Elder-canes mixing with it some Rose-honey or Juyce of Walnuts or the Rob Diamorom gargling often with it seeing that this symptom is a dangerous thing for when the Throat swells of it few Patients do escape death especially if it be a Pestilential Squinancy And in case there appear any Tumor outwardly take fine Flower Milk and Saffron making a Pulse of it and to keep it from growing hard mix with it Althea-salve or Hounds-tongue-salve the Oyl of blew Violets Mullein white Lillies Camomile or the like adding a little Oyl of Scorpions to it and applying this outwardly Make also a Scraper of Alder-wood if it may be had if not other wood will serve though Alder be best Throw it into cold Water and let it lye there using it as often as there is need yet take heed of making thy Tongue sore or raw CHAP. VI. Of Fevers Belly-aches Tumors of the Belly Yellow-Jaundise and Distempers of the Liver IN Camps there is nothing more frequent than Fevers of the Stomach arising from ill Dyet which Souldiers are often put to for want of better eating what they can get Cheese Herbs Flesh half boiled stale and musty Bread and the like Hence is gather'd a morbifick matter in the Stomach which causeth putrefaction and consequently Stomach-fevers In this case thou art first to purge And for that purpose make use of the Pulvis solutivus de tribus recommended above taking the weight of a Ducat or a Ducat and an half in warm Broath and fasting two or three hours after it Or fetch from the Apothecary of the Tabulatum Diaturbith cum Rhubarbaro or the Diaphoenicon in tabulis taking half an ounce at a time and keeping thy Chamber Or infuse Sena-leaves in Wormwood-wine and drink a small glass-ful of it an hour before thy breakfast This will also serve very well especially if some Carduus benedictus have also been fermented in the Wormwood-wine If thou art troubled with Gripings or Inflation of the Belly take of Zedoar or Angelica-roots or Orange-peels cut them small and take at a time the weight of a Ducat in hot Broath If the Inflation be much take in the morning the quantity of a Hasel-nut of Mithridate fasting an hour after it and if the pains of thy Belly prevail make a Decoction of Wormwood in Wine and drink of it as hot as thou canst this will allay the pains and give thee some stools Mean time abstain from raw Fruit and Beer Milk Herbs and such like If thou art swollen take half a drachm of Rubarb and about the same quantity or a little less of Mechocan reduce it to powder and take it in Wormwood-wine or warm Broath in the morning fasting and eat nothing within an hour or two after Be careful to take down some Treacle in the morning fasting but you are first to be purged Otherwise make a Decoction of the Roots of Elecampane and Pimpernel or Swallow-wort in Wine and drink a warm draught of it mornings it will provoke Urine If thou canst bear amongst it Wormwood Carduus benedictus or Centory add them in the Decoction and it is a good potion for the Liver An Herb call'd by the Latins Euphatorium Avicennae in English I think Common Hemp-Agrimony hath a great operation in swelled People drinking of the Decoction thereof made in Wine Besides use in this case Parsley and Smallage-roots in thy meat Boil Horse-radish and drink of the Decoction warm in the morning Thy ordinary drink is to be a water in which hath been boiled a good quantity of Cummin Annis or Fennel You may also now and then drink a little Wine swelled people having no great heat in them From these obstructions of the Liver and Mesaraic Veins comes difficulty of Breathing and a dry Cough which occasions the Inflation of the Belly and helps to entertain the crudities and indigestions Mean time there useth to follow upon this the Yellow Jaundise For this take the Roots of Cyclamen or Sow-bread reduce them to powder and take the weight of half a ducat in Meath or Wine mixt with a little Honey sweating upon it and you shall find your sheets discoloured of a yellowish colour In the same manner make use of the seed of Aquileja or Columbine I have reduced these three to powder and mixt them together and given of it the weight of
a ducat to sweat which hath proved very successful Orange-peels used in like manner do also much good in this case The bitter Centory boiled in Meath and a good draught drank of it warm in the morning is also very good Likewise a Decoction of the white Hore-hound and Chicory-roots is also used to good purpose in this case These things expel also Worms if any do lodge within thee for which may also be used the Souldiers Pills of Aloe called Marocostinae In this case Vinegar of Squills is also an excellent remedy taking of it in the morning early a spoonful two or three and exercising after it It will open the Breast and make you expectorate phlegm and slime in abundance If you be troubled with Wind and Gripings of the Guts be careful to have your Body soluble Boil Calamus cut small in Broath drink of it hot putting a little Angelica or Masterwort Do this mornings and evenings and beware of drinking cold and abstain from all Milk keeping your self very warm especially about the Feet which you will do well to bathe with a Decoction made of Asarabacca Camomile wild Trefoil wild Marjerom wild Thyme putting a little Salt into it For your drink boil Cummin Annis or Fennel in Water and now and then a glass of Wine may do well These Gripings may also be cured with drinking very bitter Wormwood-wine as hot as you can endure it This is also opening If you boil Elecampane and Orange-peels with the Wormwood it will have the greater effect And if you add to it Allium Sylvestre Crow-Garlick you have an excellent Medicine for this purpose This I have used my self and found present relief from it when in a very hard Winter upon a Journey I was taken with these Gripings 'T is indeed a very unpleasant potion exceeding bitter especially being to be drunk hot but the good effects will make amends for that If the pains should not cease after all this mix with it the quantity of a Hasel-nut of Treacle or Mithridate and so drink it off together If you can get Malvasy mix a little Oyl of Olives with it and drink of it warm Oyl of sweet Almonds would be better one half of that and the other of Malvasy though these things perhaps will not so easily be had in a Camp Fresh Butter may serve instead of Oyl Else make a Decoction of Juniper-berries or Laurel-berries and Elecampane in strong Wine and drink a good draught of it mornings and evenings Or reduce the Herb Carduus benedictus to powder and drink its weight of a ducat in warm Malvasy or other strong Wine it will remove the Gripings especially if you mix with it a little Zedoary pulverised For your Meat take Larks if they chance to be in season draw them and fill their bellies with Garlick and so rost and eat them Make a Decoction of Burnet or of Masterwort and Laurel berries in Beer strain it and melt a little Butter in it adding a little Pepper and so drink of it hot For an outward Application take the Oyl of Rue and Wormwood dip Cotton into it and put it warm to thy Navil Or beat Onions and fry them in Dill or Camomile-Oyl wrap it up in a linnen Cloth and apply it to thy Belly where the pain is most violent refreshing it often The Oyl of Laurel-berries mixing a little Juniper-berry-oyl or Nutmeg-oyl with it may be used with great benefit anointing the Navil therewith and afterwards put to the Navil a warm dry bag filled with Bran and Camomile-blossoms Or fry Cow-dung in the Oyl of Dill or of Camomile or of white Lillies and apply it thus to thy Navil keeping thy self and especially thy Leggs very warm If you perceive any Hydropical Distemper in you make a Decoction of Wormwood and Juniper-berries in Wine drink every morning a warm draught of it fasting You may also to very good purpose boil with it Swallow-wort Burnet or Succory-roots adding also to it some Annis or Fennelseed But it will be requisite first of all to purge with Mechoacan and Rhubarb and now and then to repeat this purgation Abstain from Milk Beer Fruit and all raw and obstructing food If you knew how to use Elder you would have an excellent Purge to free your Body from the Hydropical water because the Juyce of the Roots of Elder purgeth Hydropical Persons exceedingly But 't is not so safe to use it unless you do it with great caution because a very little of it taken inwardly purgeth both by stool and vomit like Antimony Half a nutshel full may suffice The like effect you 'l find in Elder-buds boiled and then dressed with Oyl and Vinegar like a Salad eating a very little of it But I advise you not to use too much of it else it will cast you into great faintness The juyce of the Roots of blew Lillies hath the like vertue but is likewise to be used with great discretion Otherwise take Earth-worms and having wash'd them clean in Wine reduce them to powder and take of it for some mornings the weight of half a drachm in warm Broath or Wine mixing a little Rhubarb with it The Swelling of your Leggs may be removed by heating some Tiles and sprinkling them with Wine and clapping them about your Leggs to make them sweat For a swelled Groin take warm Milk wherein Calamus Aromaticus hath been boiled and sweeten it well with Sugar and apply it CHAP. VII Of all sorts of Fluxes as also the Tenasmus or vain endeavour of going to stool and the Haemorrhoid or Piles and Marisca's or sore Fundaments IN Wars and Camps Bloody and other Fluxes are very frequent caused by an irregular and ill dyet and these Distempers especially the Bloody Flux carry away abundance of Men. Where it is to be noted that the Bloody Flux is infectious and very catching Commmon Fluxes and Loosenesses may easily be cured Amongst other Remedies take burnt Harts-horn and take it often in Broath or pulverise Medlar-kernels and take of the powder in Broath likewise Also an Electuary made of Quinces and Sloes will cure them The same does Nutmeg and the Roots of Tormentil Snakeweed or the Roots of Cinquefoil baked in Eggs and eaten Likewise the Seed of Dock broad Plantain item Terra Sigillata or Bolus Armenus and Wheaten-bread coming hot out of the oven and dipt in red Wine and eaten Again Mastick pulverised and put into Almon-milk red Wine or Broath the weight of a drachm is good for such a Looseness especially as comes from indigestion adding a little Nutmeg or Galingal to it Oaken-leaves also or the Rinds of Pear-trees with a little Mace boiled in Wine and drunk cureth common Fluxes Again Bursa Pastoris Shepherds-Purse boiled in steel-Steel-water with a little Coriander and drunk is also very good and so are Crafishes boiled in Vinegar and the scales beaten to powder taking a drachm of it mornings and evenings either in red Wine or in Broath wherein in red-hot Steel hath
Sugar therewith and of this let him drink a good draught and it will cool and refresh him Besides take some of the guts of Hens and some slices of Radish sprinkle them with Vinegar and Salt and bind them to the soles of his feet this will draw away the heat But let not the Radish lye too long upon them because it will give a stink that may increase the head-ach wherewith the People that have the Plague are commonly troubled enough without provoking it Moreover you will do well to tye about his wrists some Rue beaten with Vinegar Anoint his Loyns and Back-bone with the Unguent of Roses or with fresh Butter but if there appear any Spots forbear to anoint him lest they should be driven in You will do well to have Epithemata of good things about you as of Rose water and Elder-vinegar to lay over the Heart with which mix some Camphir But if you find any thing of Specks c. broke out you must use no wet thing Anoint his Heart with Oyl of Scorpions take the Oyl of Sea-blossoms and of those Earth-worms that appear after rain of each six ounces of St Johns-wort Oyl two ounces of fresh Elder-blossoms and Rue each a handful and an half of the Acetum of Marigold-flowers and Roses each about three ounces of live Spiders forty five Boil all these together till the Vinegar be so qualified that when 't is thrown into the fire it cause no cracking there Then strain it and in this strained Oyl put a matter of five and twenty Spiders more of the biggest sort and add to it of Camphir dissolved in the Spirit of Roses half a drachm let it stand in Balneo Mariae or upon hot embers for twelve hours and then put to it of Treacle and Mithridate of each half an ounce and let them work together With this Oyl anoint the eight Pulses viz. both Temples behind both Ears both Hands and both Knees as also the Heart And this is an excellent Succedaneum to Scorpion-oyl much used by the Germans Besides you must refresh and strengthen the Patient with convenient Meat and Drink I mean with good Flesh or Barley-broath with a little Vinegar in it to make it savoury to him who will have appetite to little else till he have shaken off this venomous Distemper which when he hath done his stomach will be so keen that you will find work enough to keep him from surfeiting Be also careful to keep thy Patients Body open if he be obstructed use a Clister or take Butter or Hogs-grease mixing a little Salt with it or if it be to be gotten a little Mice-trickles and put it into his bowels Physick at the mouth for this purpose is not always safe When the Patient is discharged of the venom a little liquor of stew'd Prunes with some Senna-leaves in it will do well for opening the body Some fresh Butter eaten in the morning or melted in warm Broath and taken down is wont also to keep the body soluble The Drink of these Patients may be Water with some Bread soaked in it or take of such Water wherein Bread hath been soaked one quart and a little Vinegar with two or three spoonfuls of Kitchin-sugar mingling it well together If you have no Sugar use such Water with Vinegar alone This affords good Drink in malignant Fevers Among the Romans it was drunk by the Souldiers under the name of Posca You may also take a handful of well cleaned Plantain-roots and boil them up in three quarts of Water and then decant the Water which though it be somewhat bitter yet 't is very good in Fevers and a good Drink in hot Distempers If you have Oyl of Vitriol let a few drops of it fall into clear Water mingling it well and you will have a factitious Sawer-brun or Acidula But use no Metalline Vessel for this purpose With this kind of Water many People have been served in all sorts of Fevers the Oyl of Vitriol in such Distempers if rightly used being very beneficial But if a Man should have with it any Pulmonick Disease in that case he must forbear acid things and use Liquorice and content himself with Ptisane Nor is it at all good to use acids in Pestilential Pleurisies And since on this occasion we mention this case and we having above given warning not easily to blood in Pestilential Diseases yet may Venae-section be sometimes upon good consideration used in that Pleurisie provided it be done in the very beginning and the Patient be strong and full of Blood Yet this is not to lessen the blood but only to give it vent but before bleeding the Patient is to sweat by taking some of the above specified Antidotes If the Patient have violent Head-ach lay on his head Vine-leaves or fresh Cabbage-leaves and if you have no Alablaster-salve take two parts of Vinegar and one part of Oyl of Olives the Sea-blossoms Oyl and Elder-Vinegar were better dip long rags of linnen therein and having well squeez'd them again lay them lukewarm over the face and temples Even Vinegar alone is good Of such Applications you may make many of Acetum of Roses Elder-blossoms and the like with a little Camphir The expressed Milk of Peaches is also very effectual in this case If at the going off of this Distemper a hot defluxion should fall into the Eyes take Camphir and infuse it in water and often moisten the Eyes therewith and if it should be cold and windy weather you will do well to keep your self out of the open Air and not to let this water dry up in your Eyes in the cold wind In case of having lost thy hearing take of thy own Urine and with it wash thy Ears within but withal dry them very well because that moisture is very noxious to the Ears And it often happens that after the Hungarian Sickness People grow deaf or hard of hearing Others put the water of Carduus-benedictus distilled with Wine into the Ears or the Oyl of bitter Almonds If thy Throat swell or the Palate of thy Mouth be fallen down gargarize thy Throat with warm Milk wherein Figgs have been boil'd or sweetned with Sugar The Flowers of Phyllirea or Mock-privet which grows in the Hedges boiled and used for a gargarism heals also a sore Throat The same doth the middle rind of Oxyacantha or Haw-thorn if boiled with a little Allom dissolved in the Decoction If you have the Juice of Mulberries mix a little Honey of Roses with it and often take a little thereof The Roots of Sloes boiled in red Wine and the Mouth often washed therewith is also very good If thou hast the Squinancy boil Scabious in Meath and drink thereof warm when strain'd Beat Turnips and fry them in Butter or Oyl and clap them in a cloth round about thy Neck If thou cast up blood take Mouse-ear Ground-Ivy Cumfrey boil them in half Wine and half Water or in Meat and Drink often of it But if