this_o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o 28_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o burden_n the_o balance_n but_o only_o 28_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f._n neither_o do_v the_o balance_n support_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o 42_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n g_o h_n but_o it_o be_v only_o burden_v with_o 42_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n the_o reason_n be_v most_o evident_a because_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n already_o lay_v down_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o within_z the_o tub_n a_o b_o rest_v immediate_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d_o g_o and_o therefore_o can_v burden_v the_o scale_n in_o any_o wise_a the_o same_o be_v true_a of_o the_o other_o two_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n but_o in_o this_o i_o find_v small_a difficulty_n the_o great_a be_v how_o to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o the_o scale_n k_o support_v 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o and_o 28_o of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o and_o 42_o of_o 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weight_n according_a to_o this_o reason_n the_o balance_n support_v 28_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o imagine_v the_o second_o tub_n to_o be_v suspend_v as_o the_o first_o see_v the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o press_v up_o the_o tub_n only_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n which_o 28_o ounce_n real_o counterpoise_v the_o 28_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l._n but_o why_o do_v the_o mercury_n a_o b_o press_v up_o with_o 27_o ounce_n and_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_z with_o 12_o for_o answer_v remember_v according_a to_o the_o six_o consideration_n the_o short_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v the_o surface_n upon_o which_o it_o rest_v be_v the_o strong_a and_o more_o able_a to_o press_v it_o up_o and_o contrariwise_o the_o long_a it_o be_v the_o surface_n be_v the_o more_o unable_a and_o weak_a therefore_o a_o b_o being_z short_a and_o light_a than_o d_o e_z the_o surface_n of_o water_n must_v press_v it_o up_o with_o great_a force_n so_o that_o if_o 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as_o corkâ—_n or_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n with_o it_o as_o some_o wood_n be_v or_o la_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n as_o lead_v or_o gold_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o body_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n can_v weigh_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v natural_o light_a their_o whole_a weight_n be_v support_v by_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o not_o one_o part_n of_o they_o can_v be_v bear_v up_o by_o a_o balance_n above_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n that_o weigh_v 12_o ounce_n in_o the_o air_n weigh_v nothing_o in_o water_n because_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o touch_v the_o surface_n the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o be_v support_v and_o therefore_o can_v affect_v the_o balance_n above_o but_o body_n of_o the_o three_o sort_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o experience_n and_o reason_n do_v real_o weigh_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n their_o whole_a weight_n can_v be_v support_v 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from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n itself_o which_o be_v not_o considerable_a see_v the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v support_v by_o the_o water_n and_o not_o by_o the_o balance_n now_o i_o say_v it_o be_v six_o ounce_n of_o the_o weight_n b_o that_o make_v this_o alteration_n and_o turn_v the_o scale_n for_o if_o 12_o ounce_n sink_v the_o glass_n below_o the_o water_n when_o '_o its_o full_a of_o air_n and_o no_o water_n in_o it_o then_o sure_o â—ix_v be_v sufficient_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o it_o be_v half_a full_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o there_o be_v a_o less_o potentia_fw-la or_o force_n in_o six_o inch_n of_o air_n by_o the_o one_o half_a to_o counterpoise_v a_o weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n than_o in_o 12_o inch_n of_o air._n therefore_o this_o air_n be_v reduce_v from_o 12_o inch_n to_o six_o it_o must_v take_v only_o six_o ounce_n to_o sink_v it_o if_o this_o be_v than_o the_o other_o six_o ounce_n that_o now_o want_v a_o party_n to_o counterpoise_v they_o must_v burden_v the_o balance_n and_o be_v support_v by_o the_o scale_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v a_o new_a equipondium_fw-la again_o you_o must_v make_v the_o weight_n o_o 12_o ounce_n by_o add_v six_o to_o it_o that_o it_o may_v counterpoise_v 12_o of_o b_o the_o other_z six_z be_v counterpoise_v by_o the_o air_n e_o p_o f._n let_v we_o suppose_v next_o this_o glass_n to_o be_v complete_o full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o whole_a air_n expel_v in_o this_o case_n the_o scale_n o_o must_v have_v 18_o ounce_n in_o it_o for_o make_v a_o new_a equipâ—ndium_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v because_o there_o be_v no_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o counterpoise_v any_o part_n of_o b_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o must_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o balance_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o scale_n o_o there_o must_v be_v 18._o now_o i_o inquire_v whether_o these_o 18_o ounce_n be_v the_o equipondium_fw-la of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o lead_n b_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o can_v counterpoise_v they_o both_o see_v the_o water_n be_v now_o 12_o and_o b_o 18._o it_o must_v then_o either_o be_v the_o counterbalance_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o counterbalance_n of_o the_o lead_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o 12_o can_v be_v in_o equipondio_fw-la with_o 18_o it_o must_v then_o be_v the_o second_o or_o if_o these_o 18_o ounce_n in_o the_o scale_n o_o be_v the_o counterpoise_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n i_o inquire_v what_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n b_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o can_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o water_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o balance_n i_o conclude_v then_o that_o water_n can_v weigh_v in_o water_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o contradict_v and_o oppose_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v be_v hitherto_o confirm_v with_o so_o many_o experiment_n i_o answer_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o water_n to_o weigh_v in_o water_n be_v another_o the_o first_o be_v when_o one_o pillar_n of_o water_n counterpoise_n another_o or_o when_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n counterpoise_n a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n or_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n all_o which_o be_v in_o order_n to_o the_o natural_a balance_n wherein_o body_n weigh_v only_o according_a to_o altitude_n the_o second_o be_v when_o water_n be_v not_o counterpoise_v by_o water_n or_o by_o mercury_n or_o by_o air_n or_o by_o any_o other_o fluid_a but_o when_o '_o be_v
that_o be_v specifical_o or_o natural_o light_a than_o water_n i_o say_v then_o it_o must_v ascend_v to_o the_o top_n b_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o quadrat_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n k_o be_v more_o press_v upward_o than_o the_o quadrat_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n i_o or_o l_o be_v but_o this_o can_v be_v iâ—_n fluid_a body_n unless_o motion_n follow_v thereupon_o i_o say_v it_o be_v more_o press_v up_o because_o r_o be_v light_a than_o n_o or_o saint_n it_o must_v press_v with_o great_a force_n upon_o k_o than_o saint_n can_v do_v upon_o l_o or_o n_o upon_o i._o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o fluids_n press_v with_o as_o much_o strength_n upward_o as_o downward_o according_a to_o the_o six_o theorem_n and_o that_o a_o horizontal_n surfaceâ—doth_a as_o real_o suffer_v unequal_a pressure_n from_o below_o as_o from_o above_z theorem_fw-la fourteen_o body_n natural_o light_a than_o water_n swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n and_o top_n figure_n 1._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o proposition_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o equipondium_fw-la or_o equal_a weight_n for_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o counterbalance_n between_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n that_o swim_v to_o make_v this_o probable_a let_v we_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o timber_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cube_n six_o inch_n thick_a every_o way_n without_o weight_n in_o this_o case_n the_o undersurface_n of_o that_o foursquared_a body_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o will_v lie_v close_o upon_o it_o as_o one_o plain_a table_n lie_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o another_o without_o any_o pressure_n and_o it_o be_v void_a of_o weight_n the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n a_o will_v be_v no_o more_o burden_v than_o the_o next_o part_n b_o adjacent_a whence_o no_o motion_n will_v follow_v here_o be_v no_o equipondium_fw-la or_o counterbalance_n second_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o say_a body_n to_o acquire_v two_o ounce_n of_o weight_n than_o it_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v subside_o and_o sink_v two_o inch_n below_o the_o surface_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o that_o so_o far_o till_o it_o come_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o new_a acquire_v weight_n to_o a_o counterbalance_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pressure_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o as_o much_o force_n or_o weight_n as_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n that_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n by_o the_o subside_v and_o sink_v of_o that_o body_n two_o inch_n three_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o same_o body_n to_o acquire_v other_o two_o ounce_n of_o weight_n then_o must_v it_o subside_o other_o two_o inch_n last_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o it_o acquire_v six_o ounce_n of_o weight_n than_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o whole_a body_n sink_v so_o far_o i_o mean_v till_o its_o upmost_a surface_n be_v in_o a_o horizontal_n line_n with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o b_o c_o d._n here_o it_o swim_v also_o because_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o become_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o it_o have_v put_v out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n i_o say_v it_o must_v swim_v because_o if_o the_o water_n i_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o water_n e_o which_o be_v put_v from_o its_o own_o place_n sure_o it_o must_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v that_o body_n also_o that_o do_v thrust_v it_o from_o its_o own_o place_n see_v both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n namely_o six_o ounce_n in_o this_o case_n the_o body_n immerge_v and_o the_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v drown_v become_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n specifical_o see_v bulk_n for_o bulk_n be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n to_o make_v this_o body_n specifical_o or_o natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o consequent_o to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n nothing_o be_v require_v but_o to_o suppose_v that_o it_o acquire_v one_o ounce_n more_o of_o weight_n which_o do_v it_o present_o go_v down_o i_o be_v more_o burden_v then_o k._n note_v by_o the_o way_n a_o twofold_a weight_n in_o heavy_a body_n one_o individual_a the_o other_o specific_a and_o that_o two_o body_n agree_v in_o individual_a weight_n may_v differ_v in_o specific_a weight_n so_o a_o pound_n of_o lead_n and_o a_o pound_n of_o cork_n agree_v individual_o because_o they_o be_v both_o 16._o ounce_n but_o they_o differ_v specifical_o because_o the_o one_o be_v natural_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o theorem_fw-la xv._n no_o body_n that_o flot_v above_o water_n even_o though_o its_o upper_a surface_n be_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n can_v ever_o be_v make_v to_o swim_v between_o the_o top_n and_o the_o bottom_n figure_n 1._o for_o clear_v this_o proposition_n let_v we_o suppose_v f_o to_o be_v a_o foursquare_a piece_n of_o timber_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a and_o natural_a weight_n with_o water_n and_o consequent_o its_o upper_a surface_n to_o be_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o b_o c_o d._n i_o say_v then_o if_o it_o be_v press_v down_o to_o r_o it_o shall_v arise_v thence_o and_o never_o rest_n till_o it_o be_v where_o it_o be_v namely_o in_o f._n the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o because_o the_o foursquared_a body_n of_o water_n r_o be_v real_o heavy_a than_o the_o foursquared_a piece_n of_o timber_n f._n if_o this_o be_v true_a it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o it_o must_v ascend_v for_o if_o the_o timber_n exist_v in_o r_o be_v light_a than_o the_o water_n r_o the_o water_n t_o must_v be_v less_o press_v than_o the_o water_n o_o or_o the_o water_n v_o whence_o according_a to_o the_o twelve_o theorem_n motion_n must_v follow_v again_o if_o the_o timber_n r_o exist_v in_o the_o water_n r_o be_v light_a than_o the_o same_o water_n be_v then_o must_v the_o water_n k_o be_v more_o press_v up_o then_o the_o water_n i_o or_o l_o whence_o yet_o according_a to_o the_o same_o theorem_fw-la motion_n must_v follow_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o timber_n f_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o the_o water_n r_o because_o it_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o water_n f_o which_o it_o have_v thrust_v out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n it_o must_v also_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o the_o water_n r_o see_v f_o and_o r_o be_v of_o the_o same_o dimension_n be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o answer_v this_o difficulty_n unless_o i_o say_v the_o foursquared_a body_n of_o water_n r_o be_v real_o and_o true_o heavy_a than_o the_o foursquared_a body_n of_o water_n f._n the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o water_n r_o be_v under_o a_o great_a pressure_n than_o the_o water_n f_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o great_a pressure_n there_o be_v real_o more_o part_n of_o water_n in_o it_o then_o in_o f_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v heavy_a even_o as_o there_o be_v far_o more_o part_n of_o air_n in_o one_o cubick_a foot_n near_o the_o earth_n then_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o near_o the_o atmosphere_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n take_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n forty_o fathom_n deep_a will_v be_v heavy_a i_o mean_v in_o a_o balance_n than_o a_o pint_n take_v from_o the_o surface_n take_v notice_n that_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v once_o full_a at_o the_o bottom_n the_o orifice_n must_v be_v close_o stop_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o top_n otherwise_o the_o part_n that_o be_v compress_v at_o the_o bottom_n namely_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n relax_n themselves_o before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o top_n theorem_fw-la xvi_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o a_o body_n to_o be_v suspend_v between_o the_o surface_n and_o the_o bottom_n figure_n 1._o for_o understand_v this_o suppose_v f_o to_o be_v a_o foursquare_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o though_o it_o will_v not_o rest_v but_o at_o the_o surface_n a_o b_o c_o d_o yet_o may_v be_v make_v to_o go_v down_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n and_o rest_n at_o t_o namely_o by_o make_v it_o so_o much_o heavy_a as_o the_o water_n t_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n f._n to_o know_v this_o difference_n which_o be_v not_o very_o practicable_a the_o cube_n of_o water_n t_o must_v be_v bring_v from_o its_o own_o place_n under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o pressure_n it_o have_v and_o put_v into_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o weigh_v with_o the_o cube_n of_o water_n f_o put_v into_o the_o other_o scale_n now_o if_o the_o water_n t_o be_v half_o a_o ounce_n heavy_a than_o the_o water_n f_o then_o to_o make_v the_o timber_n f_o hang_v in_o t_o it_o must_v be_v make_v half_o a_o ounce_n heavy_a there_o seem_v to_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o
also_o for_o if_o a_o cube_n of_o timber_n rest_v in_o the_o space_n t_o be_v just_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n t_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n o_o t_o v_o be_v no_o more_o press_v then_o if_o t_n be_v water_n and_o so_o it_o can_v go_v downward_o neither_o can_v it_o go_v upward_o see_v the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o water_n r_o be_v no_o more_o press_v up_o by_o the_o timber_n t_o then_o if_o the_o space_n t_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n if_o it_o be_v say_v according_a to_o this_o reason_n a_o stone_n may_v be_v suspend_v in_o a_o deep_a water_n between_o the_o top_n and_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v absurd_a i_o answer_v such_o a_o thing_n may_v happen_v in_o a_o very_a deep_a water_n for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o cube_n of_o lead_n twelve_o inch_n every_o way_n be_v to_o go_v down_o twelve_o thousand_o fathom_n it_o be_v probable_a it_o will_v be_v suspend_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o come_v to_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n far_o down_o where_o the_o pressure_n be_v great_a a_o cube_n of_o water_n twelve_o inch_n thick_a there_o may_v be_v as_o heavy_a even_o specifical_o as_o the_o cube_n of_o lead_n be_v though_o the_o lead_v be_v ten_o time_n heavy_a specifical_o than_o any_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o the_o top_n if_o water_n suffer_v compression_n of_o part_n by_o the_o superior_a burden_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o second_o foot_n of_o water_n burden_v with_o the_o first_o have_v more_o part_n in_o it_o then_o be_v in_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o more_o then_o in_o the_o second_o and_o so_o forth_o and_o consequent_o that_o the_o second_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o first_o and_o the_o third_z heavy_a than_o the_o second_o now_o if_o this_o be_v why_o may_v not_o that_o foot_n of_o water_n that_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o foot_n above_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o burden_n be_v so_o compress_v that_o in_o it_o may_v be_v as_o many_o part_n as_o may_v counterbalance_n a_o cube_n of_o lead_n twelve_o inch_n every_o way_n if_o then_o that_o imaginary_a surface_n that_o be_v sixty_o thousand_o foot_n deep_a be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o say_a foot_n of_o water_n which_o perhaps_o weigh_v twenty_o pound_n why_o may_v it_o not_o likewise_o sustain_v the_o lead_n that_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o dimension_n with_o it_o and_o weight_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o cloud_n do_v swim_v in_o the_o air_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o counterbalance_n and_o we_o see_v which_o confirm_v this_o doctrine_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o light_a be_v always_o far_a up_o and_o the_o thick_a and_o black_a be_v always_o far_a down_n theorem_fw-la xvii_o the_o low_a the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v they_o be_v the_o heavy_a though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o dimension_n figure_n 1._o this_o follow_v from_o the_o former_a which_o may_v appear_v a_o paradox_n yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a for_o though_o the_o water_n q_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v of_o the_o same_o dimension_n with_o the_o water_n e_o at_o the_o top_n yet_o it_o be_v real_o heavy_a which_o happen_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o superior_a pressure_n it_o be_v clear_a also_o from_o this_o namely_o the_o cube_n of_o timber_n e_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n be_v thrust_v down_o to_o q_o come_v up_o to_o the_o top_n again_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o the_o water_n qui_fw-fr be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n e._n i_o suppose_v the_o water_n e_o and_o the_o timber_n e_o to_o be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n and_o consequent_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o timber_n to_o lie_v horizontal_n with_o b_o c_o d._n now_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o timber_n ascend_v from_o q_o to_o e_o be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o namely_o that_o the_o one_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o for_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o water_n p_o be_v more_o press_v up_o with_o the_o timber_n exist_v in_o q_o then_o with_o the_o water_n q_n itself_o it_o must_v yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ascent_n for_o if_o the_o cube_n of_o timber_n exist_v in_o q_o be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o water_n q_n itself_o it_o will_v no_o more_o press_v upon_o p_o or_o endeavour_v to_o be_v up_o than_o the_o water_n q_n do_v theorem_fw-la xviii_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v less_o in_o water_n then_o in_o air._n figure_n 1._o this_o be_v easy_o prove_v from_o experience_n for_o after_o you_o have_v weigh_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o air_n and_o find_v it_o two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a take_v it_o and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o thread_n knit_v to_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o half_o a_o pound_n light_a the_o question_n than_o be_v why_o do_v it_o lose_v half_a a_o pound_n of_o its_o weight_n i_o answer_v the_o stone_n become_v half_o a_o pound_n light_a because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o it_o for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o stone_n be_v rest_v in_o r_o that_o weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o air_n it_o behove_v to_o weigh_v but_o two_o pound_n in_o this_o water_n because_o the_o water_n t_n sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o it_o for_o if_o this_o water_n t_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o water_n r_o that_o weigh_v half_o a_o pound_n it_o must_v be_v also_o able_a to_o sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o the_o stone_n see_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o stone_n be_v no_o heavy_a then_o half_a a_o pound_n of_o water_n note_v that_o when_o a_o heavy_a body_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n it_o become_v so_o much_o light_a exact_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o thrust_v out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n theorem_fw-la xix_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v less_o nigh_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n then_o nigh_o the_o top_n thereof_o figure_n 1._o for_o clear_v this_o proposition_n i_o must_v suppose_v from_o the_o 17._o theorem_fw-la that_o the_o low_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v they_o be_v the_o heavy_a though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v of_o equal_a dimension_n if_o then_o the_o low_a foot_n q_o be_v heavy_a that_o be_v have_v more_o part_n in_o it_o than_o the_o foot_n n_o it_o of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o a_o stone_n suspend_v in_o q_o must_v be_v light_a than_o while_o it_o be_v suspend_v in_o n_o or_o i._o because_o if_o a_o stone_n be_v light_a in_o water_n then_o in_o air_n as_o be_v say_v even_o by_o as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o stone_n expel_v then_o sure_o it_o must_v be_v light_a in_o the_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o place_n because_o suspend_v in_o q_o it_o expel_v more_o part_n of_o water_n then_o while_o it_o be_v suspend_v in_o n_o or_o i._o for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v the_o water_n n_o to_o weigh_v eight_o ounce_n and_o the_o water_n q_o to_o weigh_v nine_o then_o must_v the_o stone_n suspend_v in_o q_o weigh_v less_o by_o a_o ounce_n then_o suspend_v in_o n_o see_v as_o much_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o expel_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o thrust_v nine_o ounce_n of_o water_n out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n in_o q_o and_o but_o eight_o in_o n_o or_o i_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v one_o ounce_n light_a in_o the_o one_o place_n then_o in_o the_o other_o this_o may_v be_v try_v with_o a_o nice_a and_o accurate_a balance_n which_o will_v bring_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o namely_o how_o much_o the_o foot_n of_o water_n q_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n n_o or_o o._n theorem_fw-la xx._n one_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a can_v be_v under_o compression_n unless_o all_o the_o part_n next_o adjacent_a be_v under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o pressure_n figure_n 1._o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o instance_n for_o when_o the_o air_n of_o a_o windgun_n be_v reduce_v to_o less_o quantity_n by_o the_o rammer_n all_o the_o part_n be_v most_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o bensil_n so_o be_v it_o in_o a_o bladder_n full_a of_o wind_n it_o be_v true_a not_o only_o in_o order_n to_o this_o artificial_a pressure_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o natural_a pressure_n and_o bensil_n of_o the_o air_n likewise_o for_o the_o air_n within_o a_o parlour_n have_v all_o its_o part_n under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o natural_a compression_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v without_o and_o immediate_o under_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o
high_a but_o assoon_o as_o the_o tub_n be_v recline_v there_o arise_v one_fw-mi inequality_n between_o the_o say_n two_o party_n the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o cylinder_n become_v now_o less_o than_o before_o if_o you_o say_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o 50_o inch_n in_o the_o reclined_a tub_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o perpendicular_a i_o grant_v the_o quantity_n be_v the_o same_o but_o the_o weight_n be_v become_v less_o now_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o individual_a water_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o before_o be_v this_o there_o be_v 40_o ounce_n of_o it_o support_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o which_o be_v not_o while_o the_o tub_n be_v erect_v for_o in_o this_o position_n the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n rest_n upon_o the_o surface_n but_o while_o the_o tub_n be_v recline_v the_o say_a surface_n be_v ease_v and_o free_v of_o 40_o ounce_n of_o it_o this_o 40_o rest_v and_o lean_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pipe_n within_o the_o surface_n then_o find_v the_o say_v cylinder_n light_a now_o than_o before_o instant_o drive_v it_o up_o from_o r_z to_z e_z 40_o inch_n and_o likewise_o when_o the_o reclined_a pipe_n be_v make_v perpendicular_a the_o water_n fall_v down_o from_o i_o to_o d_o because_o of_o the_o inequality_n that_o be_v between_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o pillar_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n this_o surface_n 50_o inch_n deep_a not_o be_v able_a to_o support_v a_o pillar_n 90_o inch_n high_a for_o if_o this_o be_v than_o one_o part_n shall_v be_v more_o burden_a than_o another_o which_o be_v impossible_a it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o tub_n be_v recline_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a towards_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n a_o b_o c_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o grow_v the_o inequality_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o potentia_n and_o that_o according_a to_o a_o certain_a proportion_n hence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o tub_n be_v recline_v from_o 60_o degree_n to_o 50_o there_o arise_v a_o great_a inequality_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n than_o while_o it_o be_v recline_v from_o 70_o to_o 60_o and_o more_o yet_o in_o move_v from_o 50_o to_o 40_o than_o in_o move_v from_o 60_o to_o 50_o and_o so_o downward_o till_o it_o be_v horizontal_a in_o which_o position_n the_o whole_a pondus_fw-la be_v lose_v and_o contrariwise_o while_o the_o pipe_n be_v elevate_v the_o pondus_fw-la begin_v to_o grow_v and_o grow_v more_o be_v lift_v up_o from_o 10_o to_o 20_o than_o from_o 1_o to_o 10_o and_o yet_o more_o in_o travel_v from_o 20_o to_o 30_o than_o from_o 10_o to_o 20_o and_o so_o upward_o till_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a in_o which_o position_n the_o cylinder_n regain_n the_o whole_a pondus_fw-la and_o weight_n it_o have_v this_o proportion_n be_v easy_o know_v for_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o proportion_n of_o verse_v sin_n upon_o the_o line_n f_o b_o for_o according_a to_o what_o measure_n these_o unequal_a division_n become_v wide_a and_o wide_a from_o 90_o to_o 1_o according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n do_v the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o cylinder_n become_v less_o and_o less_o and_o contrariwise_o according_a to_o what_o proportion_n the_o say_a division_n become_v more_o and_o more_o narrow_a from_o 1_o to_o 90_o according_a to_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o rate_n do_v the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o cylinder_n become_v great_a and_o great_a experiment_n vi_o figure_n 9_o this_o schematism_n represent_v a_o vessel_n fall_v of_o water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v h_n i_o k_o the_o second_o which_o be_v imaginary_a be_v e_z f_o g_o the_o three_o a_o b_o c_o d._n beside_o these_o three_o in_o water_n conceive_v a_o four_o in_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n namely_o l_o m_o n._n upon_o this_o aërial_a surface_n rest_v the_o orifice_n m_o of_o the_o tub_n t_o m_o open_v above_o upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o g_o be_v stand_v the_o mouth_n f_o of_o the_o pipe_n s_o f._n and_o upon_o the_o surface_n a_o b_o c_o d_o stand_v the_o pipe_n r_o b_o open_v at_o both_o end_n after_o the_o orifice_n b_o be_v drown_v below_o the_o water_n you_o will_v find_v the_o liquor_n rise_v from_o b_o to_z h._n then_o close_o with_o the_o pulp_n of_o your_o finger_n the_o mouth_n r_o and_o lift_v the_o pipe_n so_o far_o up_o till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o pipe_n s_o f_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n hang_v in_o it_o between_o f_o and_o o._n last_o bring_v the_o say_a orifice_n complete_o above_o the_o water_n till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o tub_n t_o m_o yet_o shall_v the_o water_n still_o hang_v in_o it_o as_o m_n p._n the_o first_o question_n be_v what_o sustain_v the_o water_n i_o o_o for_o the_o part_n f_o i_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n i_o answer_v it_o can_v be_v the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n close_v the_o orifice_n s_o for_o though_o by_o take_v away_o the_o finger_n the_o water_n o_o i_o fall_v down_o and_o by_o put_v to_o the_o finger_n it_o be_v keep_v up_o yet_o this_o prove_v not_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n to_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o immediate_a cause_n i_o say_v then_o the_o water_n o_o i_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumb_a air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n h_o i_o k._n for_o understand_v this_o consider_v as_o i_o say_v before_o 25._o theorem_fw-la that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o all_o body_n be_v just_o equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n hence_o then_o be_v it_o that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 34_o foot_n high_a it_o must_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o short_a pillar_n o_o i_o that_o exceed_v not_o four_o foot_n the_o second_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o part_n f_o be_v equal_o burden_a with_o the_o part_n e_o or_o g_z for_o it_o will_v seem_v not_o see_v the_o water_n o_o i_o f_o be_v but_o four_o foot_n high_a while_o upon_o e_z or_o g_o be_v rest_v not_o only_o more_o than_o a_o foot_n of_o water_n to_o the_o top_n h_n i_o k_o but_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o the_o say_a top_n be_v rest_v which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o burden_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o that_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v but_o of_o small_a burden_n therefore_o to_o this_o we_o must_v add_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n between_o o_o and_o s_o within_o the_o pipe_n remember_v that_o the_o orifice_n saint_n be_v stop_v with_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n which_o in_o effect_n will_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o 31_o foot_n of_o water_n put_v the_o case_n then_o f_o to_o be_v one_o foot_n below_o the_o first_o surface_n h_n i_o k_o and_o the_o water_n o_o i_o to_o be_v three_o foot_n than_o ought_v the_o air_n o_o saint_n to_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o 31_o foot_n because_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o g_o be_v able_a to_o support_v a_o pillar_n of_o 35_o foot_n this_o i_o prove_v because_o the_o part_n e_o de_fw-mi facto_fw-la sustain_v 35_o foot_n because_o the_o air_n above_o be_v equivalent_a to_o 34_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v a_o foot_n of_o water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o top_n namely_o between_o e_z and_o h._n the_o three_o question_n be_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o pipe_n after_o the_o orifice_n m_o be_v bring_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n for_o there_o be_v here_o no_o stagnant_a water_n guard_v it_o as_o guards_z the_o orifice_n f._n i_o answer_v that_o the_o base_a m_o of_o this_o pillar_n of_o water_n p_o m_o as_o real_o rest_v upon_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o this_o air_n l_o m_o n_o as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o brass_n or_o timber_n rest_v upon_o a_o plain_a marble_n table_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n remember_v that_o the_o orifice_n t_n be_v stop_v all_o this_o time_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o part_n m_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o part_n n_o see_v it_o sustain_v four_o foot_n of_o water_n which_o the_o part_n n_o support_v not_o and_o the_o air_n p_o t_n within_o the_o pipe_n also_o which_o be_v of_o as_o much_o bensil_n and_o pressure_n as_o the_o air_n n_o y_fw-fr be_v of_o for_o clear_v of_o this_o difficulty_n consider_v that_o the_o pillar_n p_o m_o be_v short_a now_o than_o before_o for_o the_o orifice_n m_o coming_z up_o from_o
place_n this_o be_v evident_a because_o the_o stone_n be_v 10_o pound_n light_a in_o water_n than_o in_o the_o air_n because_o the_o water_n that_o will_v fill_v the_o room_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v just_a of_o that_o weight_n we_o see_v three_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n and_o the_o natural_a weight_n of_o it_o be_v two_o thing_n real_o distinct_a because_o the_o pressure_n may_v be_v augment_v without_o any_o increment_n of_o the_o natural_a weight_n we_o see_v four_a that_o the_o pressure_n or_o bensil_n of_o a_o fluid_a can_v affect_v the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n but_o only_o the_o natural_a weight_n we_o see_v five_o that_o a_o body_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n because_o the_o stone_n f_o g_o make_v the_o water_n about_o it_o 10_o pound_n heavy_a if_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o body_n that_o be_v natural_o light_a will_v weigh_v in_o water_n i_o answer_v if_o they_o be_v of_o any_o sensible_a weight_n they_o weigh_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o except_v air._n for_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o light_a in_o respect_n of_o water_n yet_o if_o they_o have_v any_o considerable_a gravity_n with_o they_o they_o will_v make_v the_o water_n heavy_a they_o be_v among_o put_v the_o case_n the_o body_n be_v a_o cube_n of_o timber_n of_o six_o inch_n weigh_v sixteen_o ounce_n and_o that_o a_o cube_n of_o water_n of_o that_o quantity_n weigh_v 112_o ounce_n here_o be_v a_o great_a inequality_n between_o their_o natural_a weight_n yet_o if_o that_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v make_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o water_n as_o the_o bladder_n do_v it_o will_v make_v it_o 16_o ounce_n heavy_a the_o reason_n be_v this_o these_o 16_o ounce_n be_v either_o support_v by_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n or_o they_o support_v themselves_o this_o last_o be_v impossible_a if_o the_o water_n support_v they_o then_o must_v they_o make_v the_o say_a water_n 16_o ounce_n heavy_a note_v that_o though_o a_o body_n natural_o light_a than_o water_n as_o cork_n may_v be_v say_v to_o weigh_v in_o water_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o make_v it_o heavy_a in_o which_o sense_n water_n weigh_v in_o water_n because_o if_o you_o add_v a_o pint_n to_o a_o gallon_n it_o make_v it_o heavy_a yet_o if_o you_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o cork_n and_o knit_v it_o to_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n by_o a_o thread_n the_o cork_n hang_v among_o the_o water_n the_o scale_n hang_v above_o in_o the_o air_n it_o will_v not_o weigh_v in_o water_n because_o in_o this_o sense_n no_o body_n weigh_v in_o water_n but_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n as_o lead_v or_o stone_n in_o this_o sense_n water_n do_v not_o weigh_v in_o water_n as_o will_v be_v see_v in_o the_o 17_o experiment_n experiment_n ix_o figure_n 13._o take_v a_o glass-pipe_n 70_o inch_n long_o or_o thereabout_a and_o of_o any_o wideness_n have_v the_o upper_a end_n h_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o low_a end_n c_o complete_o open_v and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n and_o cause_v a_o diver_n carry_v it_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o sea_n m_o n_o where_o i_o suppose_v be_v stand_v the_o vessel_n a_o b_o d_o e_o with_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o drown_v the_o end_n below_o the_o surface_n a_o b._n this_o be_v do_v the_o mercury_n fall_v from_o the_o upper_a end_n h_n to_o the_o point_n g_o and_o there_o halt_v the_o space_n h_o g_o being_n empty_a for_o understand_v this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v propose_v several_a question_n and_o answer_v they_o first_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o sink_v down_o from_o h_n to_o g_z i_o answer_v as_o former_o in_o the_o like_a case_n inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o impend_a quicksilver_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a quicksilver_n d_o c_o e._n for_o while_o the_o tub_n be_v complete_o full_a the_o weight_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o surface_n d_o c_o e_o be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v it_o therefore_o it_o must_v fall_v down_o see_v motion_n necessary_o follow_v in_o fluids_n upon_o inequality_n of_o weight_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v second_o why_o it_o halt_v at_o g_o 58_o inch_n from_o a_o b_o and_o come_v no_o further_o down_o i_o answer_v it_o halt_v at_o g_o because_o when_o it_o have_v fall_v down_o to_o that_o point_n there_o happen_v equality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o suspend_v pillar_n and_o the_o foresay_a surface_n for_o whatever_o weight_n the_o say_a pillar_n be_v of_o the_o surface_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v be_v of_o the_o same_o in_o a_o word_n the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o other_o be_v now_o equal_a for_o understand_v this_o consider_v according_a to_o the_o 25_o theorem_fw-la that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o element_n of_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o water_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o burden_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n therefore_o the_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n of_o this_o water_n l_o i_o k_o be_v real_o as_o much_o press_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o if_o it_o have_v 34_o foot_n of_o water_n upon_o it_o consider_v next_o that_o between_o the_o say_a surface_n and_o the_o ground_n m_o n_o be_v 34_o foot_n of_o water_n indeed_o consider_v three_o that_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 34_o foot_n high_a be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n 29_o inch_n high_a for_o if_o water_n be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n than_o they_o can_v be_v of_o equal_a weight_n unless_o the_o one_o be_v 14_o time_n high_o than_o the_o other_o now_o suppose_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_n l_o i_o k_o to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n a_o b_o must_v be_v as_o much_o burden_v with_o the_o incumb_a water_n and_o the_o air_n together_o as_o if_o it_o have_v real_o rest_v upon_o it_o a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n 58_o inch_n high_a if_o this_o be_v than_o it_o follow_v by_o necessity_n that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o equality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tub_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n d_o c_o e_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n that_o the_o part_n c_o on_o which_o the_o pillar_n rest_v be_v no_o more_o burden_v than_o the_o part_n d_o or_o e._n for_o if_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n and_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n be_v equivalent_a for_o weight_n to_o 58_o inch_n of_o mercury_n then_o must_v the_o part_n d_o and_o e_o be_v as_o much_o burden_v with_o the_o say_a weight_n as_o the_o part_n c_o be_v burden_v with_o the_o pillar_n within_o the_o tub_n see_v both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o height_n therefore_o the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n d_o c_o e_o be_v of_o the_o same_o strength_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n g_o f_o b._n and_o this_o let_v we_o see_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o whole_a 70_o inch_n can_v be_v suspend_v for_o if_o the_o outward_a pressure_n that_o be_v upon_o a_o b_o be_v but_o equivalent_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o 58_o it_o can_v never_o make_v the_o surface_n d_o c_o e_o able_a to_o support_v 70._o to_o make_v it_o evident_a if_o any_o doubt_n that_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n superad_v let_v a_o diver_n bring_v up_o this_o engine_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o he_o will_v find_v the_o one_o half_a to_o have_v fall_v down_o namely_o from_o g_z to_o f_o the_o other_o half_a f_o b_o remain_a and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o convey_v this_o experiment_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o air_n the_o bearer_n will_v see_v the_o remain_v half_a to_o fall_v down_o likewise_o and_o become_v level_a with_o a_o b_o for_o where_o no_o pressure_n of_o air_n be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o mercury_n suspend_v this_o fall_v down_o be_v not_o all_o at_o once_o but_o by_o degree_n and_o keep_v a_o proportion_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o top_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o the_o great_a pressure_n and_o weight_n the_o element_n of_o air_n and_o water_n be_v under_o see_v this_o water_n that_o be_v but_o 34_o foot_n deep_a sustain_v the_o mercury_n between_o g_z and_o f_o 29_o inch_n as_o much_o between_o f_o and_o e_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n
sensible_a and_o the_o more_o equal_o a_o body_n be_v press_v the_o less_o sensible_a be_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o fluid_a this_o be_v evident_a because_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_n i_o find_v in_o the_o balance_n it_o take_v 42_o ounce_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o than_o of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o 28_o ounce_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n h_n support_v the_o whole_a 39_o ounce_n of_o water_n h_n i_o the_o mercury_n within_o the_o tub_n not_o be_v able_a in_o the_o least_o to_o counterpoise_v it_o or_o thrust_v it_o up_o but_o because_o the_o tub_n d_o e_o be_v more_o equal_o press_v the_o water_n e_o f_o press_v down_o with_o 40_o and_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_o press_v up_o with_o 12_o therefore_o less_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o burden_v the_o balance_n only_o 28_o ounce_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o because_o the_o tub_n a_o b_o be_v more_o equal_o press_v than_o either_o d_o e_z or_o g_o h_n there_o be_v less_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o find_v in_o the_o balance_n only_o 14_o ounce_n thirteen_o if_o in_o the_o instant_n of_o time_n while_o the_o tub_n be_v thus_o suspend_v in_o the_o water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n above_o be_v take_v away_o and_o annihilate_v then_o first_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n g_o h_n will_v fall_v down_o to_o about_o 13_o inch_n second_o the_o 28_o inch_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o will_v fall_v down_o to_o as_o many_o and_o last_o the_o 14_o a_o b_o will_v sink_v down_o to_o the_o same_o height_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v equivalent_a to_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n no_o more_o will_v remain_v but_o 15_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o real_a height_n according_a to_o z_o m._n but_o 15_o foot_n of_o water_n can_v sustain_v more_o inch_n of_o mercury_n than_o about_o 13._o and_o consequent_o first_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o balance_n will_v counterpoise_v the_o whole_a water_n b_o c._n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o water_n b_o c_o be_v but_o of_o 14_o ounce_n and_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o be_v but_o 13_o inch_n high_a can_v impress_v no_o impulse_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o that_o be_v 14_o inch_n high_a second_o 13_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l_o will_v counterpoise_v the_o whole_a water_n e_o f_o see_v e_z f_o be_v but_o 13_o ounce_n three_o the_o same_o weight_n one_o ounce_n be_v deduce_v will_v counterpoise_v the_o water_n h_n i_o because_o in_o this_o case_n it_o weigh_v but_o 12_o ounce_n to_o proceed_v a_o little_a further_o imagine_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n to_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o balance_n as_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o be_v and_o then_o a_o little_a hole_n open_v in_o the_o top_n h_n to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o come_v in_o till_o the_o mercury_n subside_o 14_o inch_n namely_o from_o q_o to_o o_o imagine_v this_o tub_n to_o be_v the_o other_o and_o then_o stop_v it_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n rush_v in_o and_o press_v down_o the_o mercury_n be_v the_o force_n and_o pressure_n of_o it_o for_o the_o say_a water_n find_v the_o cylinder_n in_o equilibrio_n with_o the_o outward_a water_n present_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n cast_v the_o scale_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v see_v the_o surface_n g_o s_o m_o support_n as_o much_o burden_n as_o it_o can_v but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a be_v this_o after_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o mercury_n from_o q_o to_o o_o the_o equilibrium_n that_o be_v between_o the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n and_o the_o water_n q_o r_o be_v destroy_v for_o whereas_o 42_o ounce_n be_v require_v before_o 29_o will_n now_o do_v it_o for_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o consider_v that_o between_o q_o and_o o_o be_v 14_o inch_n of_o water_n rush_v in_o which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o inch_n of_o mercury_n next_o according_a to_o former_a reason_n the_o balance_n must_v support_v 29_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n q_o r_o because_o in_o this_o case_n the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n within_o be_v press_v up_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 13_o ounce_n which_o in_o effect_n diminish_v as_o much_o of_o the_o downward_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q_n which_o before_o have_v the_o burden_n of_o 39_o ounce_n but_o why_o be_v the_o tub_n press_v up_o with_o 13_o ounce_n i_o answer_v because_o the_o mercury_n that_o before_o be_v 42_o inch_n be_v now_o but_o 28_o or_o have_v the_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n q_n o_o above_o it_o it_o be_v 29_o therefore_o be_v short_a the_o surface_n g_o s_o m_o be_v the_o more_o able_a to_o press_v it_o up_o even_o with_o as_o much_o more_o force_n as_o it_o be_v in_o inch_n short_a in_o the_o second_o place_n let_v in_o as_o much_o water_n more_o as_o will_v depress_v the_o mercury_n other_o 14_o inch_n namely_o from_o o_o to_o p._n in_o this_o case_n 16_o ounce_n of_o stone_n will_v make_v a_o equipondium_fw-la because_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n p_o s_o and_o the_o 28_o inch_n of_o water_n p_o o_fw-fr qui_fw-fr be_v a_o far_o light_a burden_n by_o 26_o than_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n the_o surface_n g_o s_o m_o must_v be_v far_o able_a to_o press_v they_o up_o now_o than_o before_o and_o therefore_o must_v diminish_v as_o much_o of_o the_o downward_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n q_o r_o that_o burden_v the_o balance_n as_o themselves_o want_v of_o weight_n see_v then_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o water_n together_o be_v but_o equivalent_a for_o weight_n to_o 16_o inch_n of_o mercury_n the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o must_v be_v press_v up_o with_o 26_o ounce_n and_o therefore_o they_o by_o their_o upward_a pressure_n must_v diminish_v 26_o ounce_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q_n that_o weigh_v 39_o last_o let_v in_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v depress_v the_o last_o 14_o inch_n p_o saint_n and_o you_o will_v find_v no_o more_o weight_n require_v in_o the_o balance_n to_o make_v a_o equipondium_fw-la than_o counterpoise_v the_o simple_a weight_n of_o the_o tub_n which_o be_v not_o considerable_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o part_n s_o of_o the_o surface_n g_o s_o m_o be_v liberate_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o mercury_n and_o sustain_v only_o the_o water_n within_o the_o tub_n in_o stead_n of_o it_o this_o surface_n press_v up_o the_o water_n within_o the_o tub_n and_o consequent_o the_o top_n of_o it_o with_o as_o great_a force_n and_o weight_n as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n without_o be_v depress_v with_o the_o outward_a water_n r_o q_n therefore_o 39_o ounce_n depress_v the_o tub_n and_o 39_o ounce_n press_v it_o up_o the_o balance_n must_v be_v free_v of_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o water_n r_o q._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o water_n q_o s_o be_v equivalent_a in_o weight_n to_o three_o inch_n of_o mercury_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n s_o be_v burden_v with_o this_o can_v press_v up_o with_o as_o great_a force_n as_o the_o water_n r_o qui_fw-fr press_v down_o for_o answer_v consider_v that_o the_o part_n s_o be_v able_a to_o support_v 42_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o next_o that_o the_o water_n r_o qui_fw-fr weigh_v but_o 39_o then_o i_o say_v see_v the_o 42_o inch_n of_o water_n within_o the_o tub_n weigh_v only_o three_o ounce_n the_o part_n s_o that_o be_v burden_v therewith_o be_v able_a to_o support_v 42_o it_o must_v press_v up_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 39_o and_o so_o counterbalance_v the_o water_n r_o q._n if_o it_o be_v enquire_v whether_o or_o not_o will_v the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o fall_v down_o a_o small_a hole_n be_v make_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n at_o b_o i_o answer_v they_o will_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o these_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v not_o in_o equilibriâ—_fw-la with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n as_o the_o mercury_n g_o h_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o depress_v by_o the_o water_n that_o come_v in_o at_o the_o say_a hole_n i_o answer_v they_o must_v all_o fall_v down_o and_o as_o easy_o as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o because_o of_o inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o the_o pondus_fw-la it_o be_v certain_a the_o part_n a_o of_o the_o surface_n can_v support_v more_o weight_n of_o any_o kind_n than_o 42_o ounce_n but_o when_o a_o hole_n be_v open_v in_o b_o and_o the_o water_n coâ—es_n in_o it_o be_v then_o burden_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o 14_o ounce_n of_o
age_n have_v reject_v the_o old_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n nourish_v of_o plant_n or_o be_v convert_v into_o their_o aliment_n have_v make_v many_o laudable_a experiment_n for_o find_v out_o the_o material_n and_o mean_n of_o their_o growth_n and_o vegetation_n such_o as_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n observe_v of_o germination_n helmont_n of_o a_o willow_n and_o the_o noble_a mr._n boyl_n of_o a_o gourd_n etc._n etc._n for_o though_o a_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o root_n thereof_o wax_v old_a in_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o stock_n die_v in_o the_o ground_n yet_o through_o the_o send_v of_o water_n it_o will_v bud_v as_o job_n speak_v chap._n 14._o 7_o 8_o 9_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o short_a remark_n of_o a_o willow_n grow_v without_o earth_n upon_o the_o 13_o of_o april_n 1662._o i_o set_v a_o top_n branch_n of_o the_o peach-leafed_a willow_n in_o a_o glass-viol_n among_o 12_o ounce_n of_o pure_a spring_n water_n with_o three_o small_a bud_n upon_o the_o top_n thereof_o scarce_o yet_o discernible_a the_o first_o ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n little_a white_a speck_n appear_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o willow_n like_o small_a drop_n of_o quicksilver_n or_o like_o the_o first_o bubble_n that_o arise_v upon_o the_o fermentation_n of_o ale_n or_o wine_n but_o no_o consumption_n of_o the_o water_n all_o this_o time_n indeed_o the_o gem_n which_o stand_v three_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n do_v visible_o swell_v about_o the_o twelve_o day_n about_o the_o fifteen_o day_n i_o perceive_v small_a white_a root_n within_o the_o water_n upon_o several_a place_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o observe_v the_o liquor_n grow_v somewhat_o thick_a and_o decay_v in_o bulk_n considerable_o have_v perceive_v this_o i_o take_v another_o glass_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n with_o that_o wherein_o the_o willow_n grow_v and_o have_v fill_v both_o topful_a with_o spring_n water_n i_o observe_v clear_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o water_n wherein_o the_o plant_n stand_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o during_o may_n june_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o july_n every_o week_n at_o least_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o ounce_n of_o it_o be_v insensible_o spend_v whereas_o the_o other_o water_n stand_v by_o in_o a_o open_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o size_n make_v not_o waste_v of_o one_o spoonful_n in_o a_o whole_a month_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o august_n the_o water_n turn_v very_o thick_a and_o green_a like_o that_o whereon_o duck-weed_n use_v to_o grow_v and_o the_o fair_a white_a root_n be_v all_o obscure_v from_o the_o sight_n although_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o multitude_n of_o root_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o water_n it_o receive_v at_o first_o at_o this_o time_n the_o branch_n be_v advance_v to_o half_a the_o bigness_n and_o a_o much_o great_a length_n than_o the_o whole_a stock_n at_o its_o first_o plant_n and_o the_o leaf_n of_o as_o fresh_a a_o verdure_n as_o any_o willow_n in_o the_o field_n thus_o have_v observe_v that_o a_o tree_n of_o four_o ounce_n weight_n can_v in_o three_o month_n time_n and_o little_o more_o consume_v insensible_o seven_o or_o eight_o time_n its_o own_o weight_n of_o pure_a water_n without_o the_o warm_a preservation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o its_o own_o proper_a digestion_n to_o thicken_v the_o remnant_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o lorication_n of_o the_o tender_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o root_n i_o take_v the_o glass_n the_o tree_n and_o all_o and_o throw_v they_o over_o a_o window_n suppose_v it_o needless_a to_o recruit_v the_o water_n any_o more_o and_o judge_v it_o impossible_a without_o the_o warm_a guard_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o naked_a tree_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o winter_n yet_o it_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o fall_v among_o some_o thick_a herb_n in_o the_o corner_n of_o a_o little_a garden_n where_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n it_o be_v find_v and_o bring_v back_o to_o i_o the_o branch_n fair_o bud_v in_o april_n the_o whole_a tree_n fresh_a and_o green_a yet_o very_o little_a water_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o glass_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o judge_v it_o have_v fall_v upon_o its_o side_n then_o i_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v water_n about_o it_o but_o the_o stock_n fill_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o root_n the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o the_o starve_a plant_n die_v in_o may_n after_o it_o have_v live_v a_o whole_a year_n without_o earth_n from_o this_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o tree_n and_o it_o may_v be_v many_o more_o do_v dissipat_v insensible_o six_o time_n more_o liquor_n than_o it_o do_v assimilar_v and_o by_o consequence_n that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o moisture_n be_v necessary_a for_o maintenance_n of_o great_a wood_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o way_n so_o advantageous_a for_o drain_n moist_a ground_n where_o there_o be_v no_o live_a spring_n as_o that_o of_o plant_v abundance_n of_o timber_n which_o will_v best_o agree_v with_o that_o kind_n of_o soil_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n what_o be_v former_o noisome_a and_o superfluous_a be_v now_o convert_v partly_o into_o the_o useful_a aliment_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o partly_o send_v abroad_o in_o insensible_a exhalation_n which_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o emit_v plant_n prove_v either_o very_a noisome_a or_o wholesome_a to_o the_o neighbour-inhabitant_n great_a care_n therefore_o will_v be_v have_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o such_o moist_a ground_n as_o be_v near_o to_o man_n dwelling_n or_o place_n of_o concourse_n they_o be_v not_o fool_n who_o prefer_v fir_n and_o lime-tree_n in_o their_o avenue_n to_o oak_n and_o elm_n let_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o atomical_a exhalation_n of_o alder_n and_o oak_n upon_o fine_a linen_n and_o white_a skin_n be_v more_o particular_o notice_v have_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o aliment_n and_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n give_v a_o short_a hint_n at_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o aliment_n especial_o of_o tree_n that_o the_o alimentary_a juice_n of_o plant_n be_v much_o thin_a than_o that_o of_o animal_n no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v deny_v see_v that_o be_v convey_v through_o the_o trunk_n or_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n by_o inperceptible_a pore_n but_o this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v send_v through_o all_o the_o member_n through_o patent_n and_o manifest_a vessel_n but_o how_o the_o nourish_a and_o vital_a juice_n in_o plant_n do_v move_v and_o by_o what_o passage_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v make_v know_v by_o any_o that_o i_o have_v see_v i_o make_v once_o a_o few_o observation_n for_o try_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o aliment_n of_o tree_n which_o breed_v in_o i_o this_o conjecture_n the_o nutritive_a juice_n of_o tree_n be_v transmit_v both_o to_o the_o root_n and_o branch_n through_o the_o heart_n or_o pitch_n and_o woody_a pore_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o when_o it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n it_o return_v again_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o root_n and_o branch_n between_o the_o bark_n and_o timber_n into_o these_o forename_a interior_a passage_n and_o so_o back_o to_o the_o extremity_n again_o and_o that_o continual_o so_o long_o as_o the_o life_n remain_v and_o because_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o skin_n or_o bark_n which_o invest_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o root_n be_v more_o open_a and_o porous_a than_o that_o which_o be_v upon_o the_o outward_a branch_n therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o so_o much_o as_o be_v superad_v to_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o former_a aliment_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v convey_v to_o the_o heart_n and_o pitch_n by_o mean_n of_o and_o together_o with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o retrograd_v juice_n which_o return_v from_o nourish_v and_o enliven_a the_o timber_n of_o the_o root-branche_n for_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a experiment_n to_o make_v the_o top_n of_o any_o tree_n become_v root_n by_o lay_v it_o down_o and_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n common_a to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o alimentary_a juice_n like_o the_o i_o will_v in_o animal_n mix_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o veni-cave_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o heart_n this_o motion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v always_o alike_o swift_a or_o of_o equal_a celerity_n for_o the_o vital_a juice_n of_o the_o tree_n become_v so_o thick_a and_o oleagenous_a in_o the_o winter_n that_o the_o motion_n thereof_o to_o the_o outward_a be_v scarce_o discernible_a though_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o gem_n both_o for_o leaf_n and_o flower_n be_v observe_v by_o the_o curious_a and_o can_v be_v distinguish_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a season_n and_o the_o return_v inward_a be_v in_o so_o small_a quantity_n that_o they_o be_v rather_o like_o
the_o part_n of_o water_n for_o the_o foot_n of_o water_n r_o can_v be_v under_o pressure_n unless_o the_o water_n s_o and_o n_o be_v under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o it_o though_o this_o be_v true_a of_o fluids_n while_o all_o the_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n yet_o to_o speak_v strict_o it_o will_v not_o hold_v true_a of_o the_o part_n situate_v under_o divers_a surface_n for_o without_o question_n the_o foot_n of_o water_n t_o must_v be_v under_o four_o degree_n of_o pressure_n if_o the_o water_n r_o be_v under_o three_o and_o if_o the_o air_n in_o the_o low_a story_n of_o a_o building_n be_v under_o six_o degree_n of_o bensil_n the_o air_n in_o the_o high_a story_n must_v be_v under_o five_o if_o a_o man_n will_v distinguish_v metaphysical_o and_o subtle_o he_o will_v find_v a_o difference_n of_o this_o kind_n not_o only_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o fathom_n of_o air_n near_o to_o the_o earth_n but_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o foot_n yea_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o inch_n and_o less_o much_o more_o in_o water_n as_o to_o sense_n however_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o theorem_fw-la hold_v true_a for_o we_o find_v no_o difference_n sensible_a between_o the_o compression_n of_o air_n in_o this_o room_n and_o the_o compression_n of_o air_n in_o the_o next_o room_n above_o it_o no_o not_o with_o the_o baroscope_n or_o torricellian_a experiment_n that_o discern_v such_o difference_n accurate_o i_o judge_v it_o likewise_o to_o be_v true_a in_o order_n to_o the_o next_o adjacent_a part_n of_o fluid_n of_o different_a kind_n for_o while_o a_o surface_n of_o mercury_n be_v burden_v with_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n or_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n with_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n whatever_o degree_n of_o weight_n and_o pressure_n be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o these_o pillar_n the_o same_o be_v communicate_v entire_o to_o the_o surface_n that_o sustain_v they_o so_o then_o there_o be_v as_o much_o force_n and_o 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as_o well_o sustain_v in_o a_o chamber_n as_o without_o and_o under_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n direct_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o the_o small_a portion_n of_o air_n that_o be_v in_o this_o parlour_n have_v as_o much_o pressure_n in_o it_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a element_n beside_o this_o it_o will_v be_v find_v in_o a_o far_o less_o quantity_n for_o though_o the_o baroscope_n be_v enclose_v and_o imprison_v so_o close_o within_o a_o small_a vessel_n that_o the_o air_n within_o can_v have_v no_o communion_n with_o the_o air_n without_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o very_a small_a quantity_n will_v sustain_v 29._o inch_n of_o mercury_n and_o this_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v even_o though_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o air_n be_v annihilate_v this_o proposition_n be_v likewise_o evident_a in_o order_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n for_o put_v the_o case_n the_o baroscope_n who_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v 29._o inch_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v send_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o sea_n 34._o foot_n deep_a within_o a_o vessel_n as_o a_o hogshead_n and_o there_o exact_o enclose_v that_o the_o water_n within_o can_v have_v no_o commerce_n with_o the_o water_n without_o yet_o as_o well_o after_o this_o shut_v up_o as_o before_o other_o 29._o inch_n will_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o this_o imprison_a water_n which_o prove_v evident_o that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o pressure_n in_o one_o hogshead_n full_a of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o water_n above_o or_o about_o for_o a_o element_n of_o water_n never_o so_o spacious_a if_o it_o exceed_v not_o 34._o foot_n in_o deepness_n can_v sustain_v no_o more_o mercury_n than_o 29._o inch_n by_o its_o pressure_n yea_o though_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o baroscope_n and_o imprison_a water_n in_o it_o be_v bring_v above_o to_o the_o free_a air_n yet_o will_v the_o water_n retain_v the_o same_o pressure_n and_o will_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la sustain_v 29._o inch_n of_o mercury_n provide_v the_o vessel_n be_v keep_v close_o it_o be_v therefore_o evident_a that_o as_o much_o pressure_n may_v be_v in_o one_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a element_n or_o ocean_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o theorem_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v chief_o of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o fluids_n see_v there_o can_v be_v so_o much_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n p_o as_o in_o the_o water_n q_o for_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v as_o much_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n qui_fw-fr as_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a water_n above_o it_o or_o about_o it_o from_o this_o theorem_fw-la we_o see_v evident_o that_o the_o pressure_n and_o bensil_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v not_o to_o be_v measure_v according_a to_o its_o bulk_n and_o quantity_n see_v there_o be_v as_o much_o bensil_n in_o one_o foot_n nay_o in_o one_o inch_n of_o air_n as_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a element_n and_o as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n in_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n or_o less_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n therefore_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n have_v not_o always_o the_o great_a bensil_n neither_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n the_o great_a pressure_n but_o this_o will_v appear_v more_o evident_a afterward_o theorem_fw-la xxii_o the_o pressure_n and_o bensil_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v a_o thing_n real_o distinct_a from_o the_o natural_a weight_n of_o a_o fluid_a figure_n 1._o this_o may_v be_v easy_o conceive_v for_o as_o in_o solid_a body_n the_o bensil_n and_o natural_a weight_n be_v two_o distinct_a thing_n so_o be_v it_o in_o air_n and_o water_n or_o in_o any_o other_o fluid_a the_o weight_n of_o a_o bow_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o natural_a weight_n of_o it_o be_v another_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o watch_n and_o the_o bensil_n of_o it_o be_v two_o distinct_a thing_n the_o weight_n perhaps_o will_v not_o exceed_v two_o ounce_n but_o the_o bensil_n may_v be_v will_v be_v equivalent_a to_o two_o pound_n though_o these_o may_v illustrate_v yet_o they_o do_v not_o convince_v therefore_o i_o shall_v adduce_v a_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o natural_a weight_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v less_o or_o more_o as_o the_o quantity_n be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o pressure_n because_o there_o may_v be_v as_o much_o pressure_n in_o a_o small_a quantity_n as_o in_o a_o great_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o last_o theorem_fw-la therefore_o they_o may_v be_v different_a the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n be_v manifest_a because_o there_o be_v more_o weight_n in_o a_o gallon_n of_o water_n then_o in_o a_o pint_n a_o second_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o fluid_a may_v lose_v of_o its_o pressure_n without_o lose_v of_o its_o weight_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o schematism_n for_o if_o you_o take_v away_o the_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n e_o f_o g_o h_n and_o consequent_o make_v the_o four_o 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c_o g_o d_o must_v be_v far_o heavy_a than_o the_o 58_o inch_n of_o mercury_n h_o b._n the_o reason_n be_v clear_a because_o the_o say_a pillar_n be_v not_o only_o 34_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o thick_a as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o tub_n who_o side_n be_v three_o inch_n thick_a i_o answer_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o that_o water_n e_o a_o f_o c_o g_o d_o be_v not_o find_v while_o a_o man_n poise_n the_o tub_n between_o his_o finger_n but_o only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o part_n g_o a_o which_o be_v exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n h_o b._n but_o here_o occurr_v the_o great_a question_n namely_o why_o i_o find_v only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n g_o a_o and_o nothing_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n c_o e_o or_o d_o f_o i_o answer_v i_o can_v find_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n c_o e_o because_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o the_o upward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k._n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o can_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n d_o f_o because_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o l_o m_n but_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o between_o h_n and_o a_o to_o counterpoise_v the_o downward_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n g_o a_o therefore_o i_o find_v that_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o water_n i_o k_o can_v counterpoise_v the_o water_n c_o e_o because_o the_o one_o be_v far_o down_o than_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o under_o a_o great_a pressure_n than_o the_o other_o i_o answer_v though_o i_o k_o be_v strong_a than_o c_o e_o yet_o a_o compensation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o tub._n for_o understand_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o water_n c_o e_o and_o d_o f_o to_o press_v downward_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o six_o pound_n and_o the_o water_n k_o i_o and_o l_o m_o to_o press_n upward_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o ten_o pound_n there_o be_v four_o pound_n in_o difference_n suppose_v next_o the_o tub_n to_o weigh_v in_o the_o air_n ten_o pound_n and_o in_o the_o water_n only_o six_o pound_n if_o this_o be_v then_o according_a to_o the_o eight_o experiment_n and_o eighteen_o theorem_n four_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o tub_n must_v rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n i_o l._n and_o if_o this_o be_v then_o must_v the_o water_n i_o k_o and_o l_o m_o be_v four_o pound_n weak_a with_o the_o tub_n than_o without_o it_o and_o must_v only_o have_v six_o pound_n of_o upward_a pressure_n from_o these_o experiment_n we_o conclude_v first_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o ten_o theorem_n namely_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v only_o find_v by_o sense_n when_o the_o pressure_n be_v not_o uniform_a and_o equal_a this_o be_v evident_a from_o our_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n i_o h_n as_o in_o the_o 13_o figure_n we_o conclude_v second_o that_o in_o all_o fluid_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o water_n e_o a_o f_o c_o g_o d_o that_o press_v down_o the_o tub_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o water_n i_o k_n l_o m_o that_o press_v up_o the_o same_o tub._n we_o see_v three_o that_o there_o can_v be_v two_o surface_n of_o water_n differ_v in_o altitude_n but_o they_o must_v differ_v in_o degree_n of_o pressure_n because_o the_o surface_n e_o a_o f_o be_v weak_a than_o the_o surface_n i_o l_o that_o be_v high_a than_o this_o we_o see_v four_a that_o two_o surface_n differ_v in_o strength_n may_v be_v make_v equal_a by_o some_o body_n or_o other_o interveen_n because_o though_o i_o l_o be_v strong_a than_o e_o a_o f_o yet_o see_v it_o support_v four_o pound_n of_o the_o tub_n it_o press_v up_o with_o no_o more_o force_n than_z e_o a_o f_o press_v down_o with_o we_o see_v five_o that_o a_o body_n suspend_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la as_o in_o air_n or_o in_o water_n may_v have_v one_o part_n of_o it_o press_v equal_o with_o that_o fluid_a and_o another_o part_n unequal_o this_o be_v evident_a because_o the_o part_n e_o and_o f_o be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o pillar_n c_o e_o and_o d_o f_o see_v this_o pressure_n be_v counterpoise_v with_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n i_o k_o and_o l_o m._n but_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o tub_n a_o be_v unequal_o press_v see_v it_o be_v press_v downward_o with_o the_o water_n g_o a_o but_o not_o press_v upward_o with_o the_o mercury_n b_o h._n we_o see_v sixthly_a that_o whatever_o be_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o a_o fluid_a yet_o no_o more_o of_o its_o weight_n be_v find_v or_o be_v sensible_a than_o the_o part_n which_o press_v unequal_o for_o though_o e_z a_o f_o c_o g_o d_o be_v a_o pillar_n six_o or_o seven_o inch_n thick_a yet_o no_o more_o of_o the_o pressure_n be_v sensible_a than_o what_o come_v from_o g_z a._n we_o see_v seventhly_a that_o a_o body_n equal_o press_v with_o a_o fluid_a weigh_v less_o but_o a_o body_n unequal_o press_v weigh_v none_o at_o all_o this_o be_v clear_a in_o many_o particular_n for_o a_o stone_n weigh_v in_o water_n lose_v not_o all_o the_o weight_n but_o a_o paâ—t_n because_o it_o be_v equal_o press_v but_o a_o body_n unequal_o press_v as_o be_v the_o mercury_n h_o b_o have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o as_o it_o now_o stand_v for_o understand_v this_o you_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o test_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n i_o l._n therefore_o though_o it_o can_v be_v weigh_v by_o a_o string_n pass_v from_o the_o top_n h_n to_o a_o balance_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o the_o say_a balance_n will_v find_v none_o of_o its_o weight_n see_v it_o be_v whole_o suspend_v by_o the_o water_n but_o a_o stone_n so_o weigh_v be_v only_o suspend_v in_o part_n by_o the_o water_n experiment_n xi_o figure_n 15._o a_o m_o z_o c_o be_v a_o water_n 15_o foot_n deep_a a_o b_o a_o glass-tub_n 14_o inch_n long_o and_o full_a of_o mercury_n b_o c_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 13_o foot_n 10_o inch_n high_a through_o who_o middle_a go_v a_o string_n to_o the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n k_o exist_v in_o the_o air._n d_o e_z be_v a_o tub_n full_a of_o mercury_n 28_o inch_n long_o with_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n above_o it_o e_o f_o 12_o foot_n and_o eight_o inch_n g_o h_n a_o tub_n 42_o inch_n long_o with_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n above_o it_o h_n i_o 11_o foot_n and_o six_o inch_n high_a and_o last_o a_o d_o g_o s_o m_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n 15_o foot_n deep_a this_o experiment_n be_v bring_v hither_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o in_o air_n which_o be_v pointblank_o to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n and_o destructive_a of_o the_o 18_o theorem_fw-la to_o evince_v this_o i_o must_v suppose_v the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o tub_n a_o b_o to_o weigh_v 14_o ounce_n and_o the_o 28_o inch_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o to_o weigh_v 28_o ounce_n the_o 42_o inch_n g_o h_n to_o weigh_v i_o mean_v in_o the_o air_n 42_o ounce_n now_o i_o say_v to_o make_v a_o just_a equipondium_fw-la between_o the_o two_o scale_n k_o and_o l_o the_fw-mi must_v be_v 14_o ounce_n put_v into_o the_o scale_n l._n if_o after_o this_o manner_n you_o weigh_v the_o tub_n and_o mercury_n d_o e_o 28_o ounce_n will_v be_v require_v in_o the_o scale_n l_o and_o 42_o if_o you_o weigh_v the_o tub_n and_o mercury_n g_o h._n for_o prove_v this_o doctrine_n i_o must_v appeal_v to_o experience_n which_o will_v not_o fail_v in_o this_o if_o you_o reply_v and_o say_v upon_o supposition_n the_o tub_n and_o mercury_n g_o h_n be_v a_o solid_a piece_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n thus_o suspend_v in_o the_o water_n ought_v it_o not_o to_o weigh_v less_o here_o than_o in_o the_o air_n even_o as_o much_o less_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o put_v out_o of_o its_o place_n why_o then_o shall_v not_o the_o pipe_n h_o g_o with_o the_o mercury_n in_o it_o do_v the_o same_o see_v there_o be_v no_o apparent_a difference_n between_o they_o as_o to_o this_o but_o to_o leave_v this_o which_o will_v appear_v afterward_o and_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o 18_o theorem_fw-la i_o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o that_o burden_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n k_o and_o that_o make_v a_o counterpoise_n with_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n or_o lead_v that_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n l._n what_o then_o be_v it_o you_o say_v i_o answer_v it_o be_v 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c_o that_o do_v
take_v out_o from_o l_o 27_o ounce_n for_o make_v a_o new_a counterpoise_n and_o last_o the_o scale_n k_o must_v support_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_n i_o which_o be_v 39_o ounce_n nothing_o remain_v to_o counterbalance_v this_o downward_o pressure_n and_o consequent_o to_o ease_v the_o balance_n how_o then_o be_v it_o counterpoise_v for_o clear_v this_o you_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o water_n that_o be_v real_o 15_o foot_n deep_a must_v be_v reckon_v as_o i_o say_v 49_o because_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o top_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o 34._o if_o then_o it_o be_v so_o it_o can_v raise_v mercury_n high_o in_o a_o tub_n than_o 42_o inch_n the_o one_o be_v 14_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o if_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n can_v raise_v mercury_n high_o than_o one_o inch_n 49_o foot_n can_v raise_v it_o high_o than_o 42_o inch_n for_o as_o 14_o inch_n be_v to_o one_o inch_n so_o be_v 49_o foot_n to_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v 42_o inch_n now_o i_o say_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_n i_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n and_o so_o press_v down_o the_o scale_n k_o to_o which_o you_o must_v imagine_v this_o tub_n knit_v by_o a_o string_n as_o the_o former_a be_v nothing_o remain_v to_o counterpoise_v this_o downward_o pressure_n for_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n being_n raise_v as_o high_a within_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n d_o g_o s_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o the_o say_a top_n can_v impress_v no_o force_n upon_o the_o tub_n within_o to_o thrust_v it_o up_o and_o so_o to_o ease_v the_o scale_n k._n for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n erect_v upon_o his_o hand_n a_o cylinder_n of_o timber_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a he_o can_v support_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o impress_v any_o impulse_n upon_o the_o seiling_n of_o a_o room_n above_o his_o head_n but_o if_o so_o be_v in_o stead_n of_o that_o take_v away_o there_o be_v one_o light_a erect_v which_o he_o be_v able_a to_o command_v he_o can_v easy_o thrust_v up_o the_o seiling_n at_o his_o pleasure_n just_o so_o it_o be_v here_o for_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v the_o outmost_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n d_o g_o s_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v it_o can_v impress_v any_o impulse_n therewith_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o but_o easy_o can_v the_o cylinder_n d_o e_o impress_v a_o impulse_n and_o more_o easy_o the_o cylinder_n a_o b_o see_v they_o be_v light_a and_o so_o more_o powerful_a to_o evidence_n this_o a_o little_a more_o let_v we_o imagine_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o tub_n g_o h_n to_o be_v empty_a as_o if_o vacuity_n be_v in_o it_o in_o this_o case_n the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n ought_v to_o bear_v the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o the_o balance_n to_o bear_v it_o also_o because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o potentia_fw-la within_o the_o tub_n to_o counterpoise_v this_o pondus_fw-la next_o let_v we_o imagine_v the_o tub_n to_o be_v only_o full_a of_o water_n according_a to_o this_o supposition_n the_o balance_n can_v be_v in_o the_o least_o part_n burden_v because_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n press_v it_o up_o with_o as_o much_o force_n as_o the_o water_n i_o h_n press_v it_o down_o and_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v burden_v the_o balance_n it_o will_v be_v only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o be_v not_o considerable_a from_o what_o be_v demonstrate_v we_o see_v first_o that_o though_o this_o experiment_n will_v seem_v to_o prove_v at_o the_o first_o that_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v as_o much_o in_o the_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o air_n because_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o be_v find_v in_o the_o scale_n l_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o because_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n l_o do_v not_o counterpoise_v any_o of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o but_o 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c._n second_o there_o be_v here_o a_o clear_a ground_n for_o assert_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la in_o fluids_n because_o this_o tub_n a_o b_o be_v press_v down_o with_o the_o water_n b_o c_o and_o press_v up_o with_o the_o mercury_n within_o it_o three_o there_o be_v here_o a_o clear_a ground_n for_o assert_v the_o pressure_n of_o water_n even_o in_o its_o own_o place_n because_o the_o water_n b_o c_o counterpoise_n by_o its_o weight_n the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n l._n four_o we_o see_v a_o excellent_a way_n for_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o any_o cylinder_n of_o water_n for_o whatever_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tub_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n that_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n exact_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o compare_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n g_o h_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n five_o that_o whatever_o be_v the_o height_n and_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n yet_o the_o balance_n can_v sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n this_o be_v also_o evident_a because_o the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n support_v no_o more_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o than_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b._n we_o see_v sixthly_a the_o further_a down_o a_o pipe_n with_o mercury_n go_v through_o water_n the_o great_a be_v the_o pressure_n it_o make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o for_o put_v the_o case_n this_o be_v 100_o foot_n deep_a the_o mercury_n g_o h_n that_o want_v all_o upward_a pressure_n now_o will_v press_v up_o the_o tub_n with_o 40_o ounce_n the_o mercury_n d_o e_z with_o 55_o and_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o with_o 70._o we_o see_v seventhly_a the_o short_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v it_o be_v the_o strong_a in_o press_v and_o long_o it_o be_v it_o be_v the_o weak_a for_o there_o be_v more_o strength_n in_o a_o b_o than_z in_o d_o e._n we_o see_v eighthly_a that_o the_o strength_n decay_v and_o grow_v according_a to_o arithmetical_a progression_n as_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o because_o if_o you_o make_v the_o cylinder_n g_z h_n 41_o that_o be_v now_o 42_o it_o press_v up_o with_o one_o ounce_n make_v it_o 40_o inch_n it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o two_o ounce_n of_o weight_n make_v it_o 39_o it_o press_v up_o with_o three_o and_o contrariwise_o make_v the_o cylinder_n d_o e_o 29_o inch_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 28_o it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o 11_o ounce_n only_o with_o 28_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 12._o make_v it_o 30_o inch_n high_a it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o 10._o if_o it_o be_v 31_o inch_n it_o press_v up_o with_o nine_o and_o so_o forward_o last_o make_v the_o cylinder_n a_o b_o 15_o inch_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 14_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 26_o with_o 14_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 27_o make_v it_o 16_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 25_o make_v it_o 17_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 24._o we_o see_v ninthly_a that_o in_o fluids_n we_o may_v make_v a_o distinction_n between_o a_o sustentation_n and_o a_o equipondium_fw-la it_o be_v evident_a here_o because_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a equipondium_fw-la between_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n g_o h_n and_o the_o outward_a water_n that_o be_v 49_o foot_n deep_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o between_o the_o say_a water_n and_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_o because_o the_o say_a water_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o say_a mercury_n 14_o inch_n high_a therefore_o the_o water_n only_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n d_o e_o but_o counterballance_n the_o mercury_n g_o h._n we_o see_v tenthly_a that_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o two_o distinct_a power_n real_o the_o one_o be_v the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l_o the_o other_o be_v the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o that_o as_o real_o thrust_v up_o the_o water_n as_o the_o scale_n k_o pull_v it_o up_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o opposite_a weight_n eleven_o take_v away_o the_o stone_n l_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o pipe_n with_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o sink_v down_o this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v it_o but_o because_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o that_o be_v support_v by_o the_o stone_n do_v now_o press_v it_o down_o twelve_o the_o more_o a_o body_n be_v unequal_o press_v by_o a_o fluid_a the_o more_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o fluid_n be_v
mercury_n and_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 41_o ounce_n of_o water_n so_o much_o the_o water_n b_o c_o weigh_v which_o be_v 55_o ounce_n but_o a_o surface_n that_o have_v only_o the_o potentia_n of_o 42_o can_v never_o support_v a_o pondus_fw-la of_o 55_o no_o not_o of_o 43._o it_o may_v be_v object_v thus_o put_v the_o case_n a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n be_v suspend_v in_o this_o water_n as_o the_o pipe_n and_o mercury_n g_o h_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o balance_n will_v not_o the_o balance_n support_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o without_o support_v any_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n i_o h_n that_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o two_o because_o a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n suffer_v both_o the_o upward_a and_o downward_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o mercury_n g_o h_n suffer_v only_o the_o upward_a pressure_n be_v free_v of_o the_o downward_o by_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub._n from_o this_o experiment_n of_o let_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mercury_n we_o see_v first_o that_o when_o two_o fluid_n be_v in_o equilibrio_n one_o with_o another_o a_o very_a small_a weight_n will_v cast_v and_o turn_v the_o scale_n because_o if_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o water_n come_v in_o at_o q_o it_o present_o alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n from_o 42_o inch_n to_o less_o second_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o support_v more_o weight_n than_o its_o own_o proper_a burden_n because_o the_o part_n s_o can_v support_v more_o no_o not_o a_o grain_n than_o 42_o ounce_n we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o support_v less_o than_o its_o own_o burden_n because_o whatever_o loss_n of_o weight_n the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n s_o qui_fw-fr suffer_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr it_o be_v make_v up_o again_o by_o the_o same_o water_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n q_n o_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a by_o far_o as_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n that_o fall_v down_o i_o answer_v its_o true_a yet_o the_o part_n s_o be_v as_o much_o burden_v as_o before_o because_o what_o be_v want_v in_o weight_n it_o be_v make_v up_o and_o compense_v by_o pressure_n we_o see_v four_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v a_o thing_n real_o distinct_a from_o the_o natural_a weight_n according_a to_o the_o 22_o theorem_fw-la because_o though_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n q_n o_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a natural_o as_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n that_o fall_v down_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o surface_n s_o be_v as_o much_o we_o see_v five_o that_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n that_o be_v â—_o body_n fourteen_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n may_v have_v as_o much_o weight_n with_o they_o as_o 14_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n we_o see_v sixthly_a that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n can_v be_v suspend_v in_o air_n or_o in_o water_n unless_o it_o be_v guard_v with_o a_o tub_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o the_o downward_o pressure_n of_o that_o air_n or_o water_n for_o by_o open_v a_o hole_n in_o q_o the_o meâ—cury_n subside_v we_o see_v seventhly_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a 〈…〉_z fluids_n to_o suspend_v one_o another_o mutual_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o equipondium_fw-la between_o they_o because_o no_o soon_o you_o destroy_v the_o equipondium_fw-la between_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n q_o s_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n s_o by_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr but_o assoon_o there_o arise_v a_o new_a one_o we_o see_v eighthly_a as_o we_o note_v before_o the_o near_a a_o body_n come_v to_o be_v equal_o press_v with_o a_o fluid_a the_o less_o be_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o fluid_a sensible_a because_o less_o weight_n be_v require_v in_o the_o balance_n to_o counterpoise_v the_o pressure_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q_n after_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr p_o than_o after_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o._n we_o see_v ninthly_a that_o when_o a_o body_n be_v equal_o and_o uniform_o preâ—â—ed_v with_o a_o fluid_a the_o pressure_n be_v insensible_a because_o after_o the_o water_n have_v thrust_v down_o all_o the_o mercury_n from_o q_o to_o saint_n there_o be_v no_o more_o weight_n at_o all_o of_o the_o water_n r_o q_o find_v in_o the_o balance_n we_o see_v tenthly_a that_o not_o only_o in_o water_n the_o pressure_n of_o water_n may_v be_v find_v but_o out_o of_o it_o namely_o in_o the_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o balance_n that_o support_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q._n we_o see_v eleventhly_o a_o ground_n to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o natural_a balance_n and_o the_o artificial_a balance_n the_o artificial_a balance_n be_v the_o balance_n k_o l_o the_o natural_a be_v the_o pipe_n q_o s._n we_o see_v 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surface_n be_v i_o h_o k._n and_o l_o m_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o c_o d_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n 30_o inch_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n in_o diameter_n suspend_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o water_n a_o n_o b_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o top_n i_o h_n k_n 25_o foot_n this_o brass_n can_v go_v far_o down_o when_o demit_v from_o h_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o force_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n a_o n_o b_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o part_n b_o sustain_v the_o facto_fw-la a_o pillar_n of_o water_n k_o b_o 1400_o pound_n weight_n therefore_o the_o part_n n_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v as_o much_o i_o suppose_v here_o the_o say_a piece_n of_o brass_n to_o weigh_v 1400_o pound_n the_o water_n k_o b_o be_v 1400_o pound_n because_o its_o a_o pillar_n 25_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a for_o one_o cubical_a foot_n weigh_v 56_o pound_n trois_fw-fr the_o connexion_n of_o the_o argument_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o sustain_v a_o solid_a body_n as_o to_o sustain_v a_o fluid_a body_n therefore_o if_o the_o part_n b_o support_v the_o fluid_a pillar_n k_o b_o the_o part_n n_o must_v be_v able_a to_o support_v likewise_o the_o solid_a pillar_n c_o d_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n iâ—_n it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o part_n n_o sustain_v beside_o the_o brass_n c_o d_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n e_o f_o 22_o foot_n high_a and_o a_o half_a which_o two_o will_v weigh_v 2260_o pound_n i_o answer_v upon_o supposition_n that_o neither_o water_n nor_o air_n succeed_v the_o space_n e_o f_o be_v void_a of_o both_o the_o brass_n will_v be_v suspend_v with_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o the_o water_n n._n and_o though_o this_o can_v be_v make_v practicable_a yet_o the_o theory_n of_o it_o may_v conduce_v much_o for_o explicate_v the_o secret_n and_o mystery_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n but_o why_o ought_v the_o brass_n to_o be_v suspend_v at_o 25_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n i_o answer_v because_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n a_o n_o b_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o brass_n to_o evidence_n this_o consider_v that_o brass_n be_v a_o body_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n i_o shall_v suppose_v ten_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o inch_n of_o brass_n will_v counterpoise_v ten_o inch_n of_o water_n if_o this_o inequality_n be_v then_o must_v this_o pillar_n of_o brass_n go_v so_o much_o far_o down_o than_o the_o first_o surface_n i_o h_n k_o as_o the_o one_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la or_o natural_o than_o the_o other_o therefore_o it_o
string_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o a_o balance_n in_o the_o air_n gravitat_n and_o weigh_v down_o the_o scale_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o lead_v and_o gold_n be_v natural_o and_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n but_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n with_o water_n or_o water_n itself_o can_v gravitat_fw-la in_fw-la water_n or_o weigh_v down_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o they_o rest_v bear_v they_o up_o with_o as_o great_a weight_n and_o force_n as_o they_o press_v down_o with_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n k_o m_o rest_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n within_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o man_n above_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n he_o must_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n within_o it_o i_o answer_v the_o consequence_n be_v bad_a because_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n within_o be_v sustain_v and_o counterpoise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n without_o whereupon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o there_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n k_o m_o within_o the_o glass_n that_o press_v down_o the_o bottom_n so_o there_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n without_o the_o glass_n whereupon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v and_o which_o bear_v up_o both_o but_o the_o great_a difficulty_n be_v this_o the_o further_a down_o the_o glass_n go_v it_o grow_v the_o heavy_a because_o of_o more_o and_o more_o water_n that_o creep_v in_o at_o g._n now_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o weight_n q_n grow_v not_o heavy_a therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n that_o make_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o therefore_o water_n must_v still_o weigh_v in_o water_n if_o this_o argument_n have_v any_o strength_n in_o it_o it_o will_v prove_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n i_o h_n to_o gravitat_fw-la and_o weigh_v likewise_o because_o the_o further_a down_o this_o glass_n go_v it_o grow_v the_o heavy_a because_o of_o more_o and_o more_o water_n that_o creep_v up_o from_o h_n to_o i._o now_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o weight_n of_o lead_n b_o grow_v not_o heavy_a behold_v the_o difficulty_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v rashness_n to_o affirm_v the_o water_n i_o h_n to_o be_v find_v by_o a_o man_n hand_n when_o he_o pull_v up_o the_o glass_n with_o a_o string_n see_v it_o be_v sustain_v by_o its_o own_o surface_n and_o not_o by_o any_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n though_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n yet_o because_o the_o contrary_n be_v mantain_v by_o some_o and_o that_o with_o a_o new_a experiment_n to_o prove_v it_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o some_o more_o pain_n to_o vindicat_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v this_o new_a experiment_n to_o prove_v that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o find_v in_o a_o philosophical_a transaction_n of_o august_n 16._o anno_fw-la 1669._o numb_a 50_o the_o invention_n whereof_o be_v attribute_v by_o the_o publisher_n to_o that_o honourable_a and_o worthy_a person_n mr._n boyl_n who_o conclusion_n and_o trial_n i_o never_o much_o call_v in_o question_n but_o find_v this_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a to_o what_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v i_o shall_v crave_v liberty_n to_o say_v amicus_fw-la socrates_n amicus_fw-la plato_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la and_o shall_v therefore_o examine_v it_o as_o brief_o as_o may_v be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o publisher_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o author_n of_o this_o invention_n be_v the_o noble_a robert_n boyl_n who_o be_v please_v to_o comply_v with_o our_o desire_n of_o communicate_v it_o in_o english_a to_o the_o curious_a in_o england_n as_o by_o insert_v the_o same_o in_o the_o latin_a translation_n of_o his_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n he_o have_v gratify_v the_o ingenious_a abroad_o and_o it_o will_v doubtless_o be_v the_o more_o welcome_a for_o as_o much_o as_o no_o body_n we_o know_v of_o have_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o determine_v how_o much_o water_n may_v weigh_v in_o water_n and_o possible_o if_o such_o a_o problem_n have_v be_v propose_v it_o will_v have_v be_v judge_v impracticable_a the_o method_n or_o expedient_a he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o perform_v it_o as_o near_o as_o he_o can_v may_v easy_o be_v learn_v by_o the_o ensue_a account_n of_o a_o trial_n or_o two_o he_o make_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o among_o his_o note_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v register_v in_o the_o follow_a word_n a_o glass-bubble_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pullet_n egg_n be_v purposely_o blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n with_o a_o somewhat_o long_o stem_v turn_v up_o at_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v the_o more_o convenient_o be_v break_v off_o this_o bubble_n be_v well_o heat_v to_o rarify_v the_o air_n and_o thereby_o drive_v out_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v nimble_o seal_v at_o the_o end_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v by_o a_o convenient_a weight_n of_o lead_n depress_v under_o water_n the_o lead_n and_o glass_n be_v tie_v by_o a_o string_n to_o a_o scale_n of_o a_o good_a balance_n in_o who_o other_o there_o be_v put_v so_o much_o weight_n as_o suffice_v to_o counterpoise_v the_o bubble_n as_o it_o hang_v free_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o water_n then_o with_o a_o long_a iron_n forceps_fw-la i_o careful_o break_v off_o the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o bubble_n under_o water_n so_o as_o no_o bubble_n of_o air_n appear_v to_o emerge_n or_o escape_n through_o the_o water_n but_o the_o liquor_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n spring_v into_o the_o unreplenished_a part_n of_o the_o glass-bubble_n and_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n about_o half_a full_a and_o present_o as_o i_o foretell_v the_o bubble_n subside_v and_o make_v the_o scale_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o preponderate_a so_o much_o that_o there_o need_v 4_o drachm_n and_o 38_o grain_n to_o reduce_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o equilibrium_n then_o take_v out_o the_o bubble_n with_o the_o water_n in_o it_o we_o do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n wary_o apply_v drive_v out_o the_o water_n which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o easy_o exclude_v at_o a_o very_a narrow_a stem_n into_o a_o glass_n counterpoise_v before_o and_o we_o find_v it_o as_o we_o expect_v to_o weigh_v about_o four_o drachm_n and_o 30_o grain_n beside_o some_o little_a that_o remain_v in_o the_o egg_n and_o some_o small_a matter_n that_o may_v have_v be_v rarify_v into_o vapour_n which_o add_v to_o the_o piece_n of_o glass_n that_o be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n and_o lose_v there_o may_v very_o well_o amount_v to_o 7_o or_o 8_o grain_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v not_o only_o that_o water_n have_v some_o weight_n in_o water_n but_o that_o it_o weigh_v very_o near_o or_o altogether_o as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o the_o self_n same_o portion_n of_o liquor_n will_v weigh_v in_o the_o air._n the_o same_o day_n we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o another_o seal_a bubble_n large_a than_o the_o former_a be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o great_a hens-egg_n and_o have_v break_v this_o under_o water_n it_o grow_v heavy_a by_o 7._o drachm_n and_o 34_o grain_n and_o have_v take_v out_o the_o bubble_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n into_o a_o counter_a poise_v glass_n we_o find_v the_o transvasated_a liquor_n to_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o weight_n abate_v 6_o or_o 7_o grain_n which_o it_o may_v well_o have_v lose_v upon_o such_o account_n as_o have_v be_v new_o mention_v thus_o he_o figure_n 24._o the_o design_n then_o of_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n but_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v here_o a_o very_a great_a mistake_n which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o after_o this_o manner_n for_o which_o cause_n let_v this_o schematism_n 24_o represent_v the_o experiment_n already_o describe_v the_o â—lass-bubble_n than_o be_v e_o p_o f_o r._n the_o 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