light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o 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wind_n which_o natural_o trouble_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v it_o green_a and_o black_a other_o clear_a as_o crystal_n beside_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o pendula_fw-la as_o well_o as_o scale_n suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o their_o brightness_n upon_o draw_v out_o and_o let_v in_o the_o air._n and_o i_o once_o make_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o certain_a metalline_a substance_n which_o will_v become_v turbid_v and_o clear_v successive_o for_o several_a time_n for_o which_o strange_a phaenomenon_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v experiment_n xxxviii_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n and_o its_o expansion_n have_v convey_v a_o glass_n vessel_n into_o our_o receiver_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v a_o cylinder_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v a_o little_a fast_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v 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weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o give_v way_n for_o want_v of_o a_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o convex_a and_o external_a superficies_n of_o it_o which_o guest_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a not_o only_o because_o the_o springiness_n of_o glass_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o bend_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o since_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o to_o its_o former_a height_n again_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o experiment_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n betwixt_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bubble_n every_o substance_n fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o glass_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n
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considerable_o shake_v and_o some_o body_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o undulate_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v sensible_o though_o not_o visible_o affect_v of_o which_o simon_n pauli_n in_o his_o ingenious_a tract_n de_fw-fr febribus_fw-la malignis_fw-la p._n 71._o give_v a_o instance_n in_o these_o word_n atqui_fw-la aeger_fw-la ille_fw-la gallus_n brachio_n truncatus_fw-la octiduum_fw-la quidem_fw-la superfuit_fw-la sed_fw-la horrendis_fw-la totius_fw-la corporis_fw-la convulsionibus_fw-la correptus_fw-la qui_fw-la quoque_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la addam_fw-la observatione_fw-la dignissima_fw-la dum_o in_o domini_fw-la svi_fw-la aedibus_fw-la ad_fw-la plateam_fw-la kiodmoggerianum_n romanè_fw-la laniorum_fw-la appellares_fw-la decumberet_fw-la ac_fw-la i_o ac_fw-la aliis_fw-la aliquandiu_fw-la ad_fw-la lectum_n illius_fw-la considentibus_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la attendentibus_fw-la explodentur_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi 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at_o sea_n who_o have_v have_v sensible_a pain_n upon_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o lest_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o these_o sound_n be_v rather_o propagate_v by_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o body_n which_o receive_v the_o first_o impression_n lean_v upon_o than_o convey_v through_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o sound_v of_o thunder_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n since_o it_o can_v only_o be_v propagate_v through_o the_o air_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o so_o powerful_a a_o agitation_n that_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o shake_v not_o only_o house_n but_o several_a ship_n at_o sea_n but_o these_o effect_n will_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a if_o we_o reflect_v on_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n especial_o if_o we_o likewise_o consider_v that_o sound_v be_v propagate_v with_o great_a celerity_n than_o any_o thing_n we_o know_v beside_o in_o our_o sphere_n for_o though_o as_o marsennus_n take_v notice_n a_o bullet_n move_v 240_o yard_n in_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o minute_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v sound_v to_o move_v 400_o yard_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o sound_n may_v be_v convey_v through_o the_o air_n the_o concussion_n of_o house_n or_o ship_n at_o sea_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la violent_o shake_v by_o a_o intense_a agitation_n where_o those_o sound_n be_v original_o form_v yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o effect_n which_o those_o sound_n have_v on_o body_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o globe_n depend_v in_o some_o measure_n on_o the_o disposition_n of_o those_o body_n to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o such_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o instance_n allege_v in_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o observation_n make_v by_o the_o experience_a platerus_n which_o show_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n may_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o air_n for_o lib._n observe_v 1._o p._n 185._o he_o say_v faemina_fw-la quaedam_fw-la in_o subitaneum_fw-la incidit_fw-la morbum_fw-la viribus_fw-la subito_fw-la prostratis_fw-la se_fw-la suffocari_fw-la indesinenter_fw-la clamitans_fw-la etsi_fw-la nec_fw-la stertoris_n nec_fw-la tussis_fw-la aliqua_fw-la essent_fw-la indicia_fw-la maxim_n verò_fw-la de_fw-fr aura_fw-fr quadam_fw-la adveniente_fw-la si_fw-la vel_fw-la leviter_fw-la aliquis_fw-la adstantium_fw-la se_fw-la moveret_fw-la quae_fw-la illam_fw-la opprimeret_fw-la conquerebatur_fw-la seque_fw-la suffocari_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la propius_fw-la accederet_fw-la clamitabat_fw-la vix_fw-la dum_fw-la biduum_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la anxietate_fw-la perseverans_fw-la expiravit_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v vidi_n &_o alios_fw-la aegros_fw-la de_fw-la simili_fw-la aura_fw-fr quae_fw-la eos_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la illis_fw-la appropinquaret_fw-la in_fw-la suffocationis_fw-la periculum_fw-la induceret_fw-la conquerentes_fw-la quod_fw-la semper_fw-la pessimum_fw-la est_fw-la signum_fw-la deprehendi_fw-la iii_o iii_o prop._n iii_o though_o the_o number_n of_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n put_v into_o motion_n enable_v they_o to_o perform_v several_a thing_n yet_o they_o be_v usual_o slight_v because_o invisible_a the_o effect_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n be_v usual_o esteem_v very_o inconsiderable_a by_o those_o who_o imagine_v that_o these_o more_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n only_a act_n upon_o the_o exteral_a superficies_n of_o other_o but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o those_o effluvia_fw-la be_v not_o only_o very_o numerous_a but_o of_o convenient_a figure_n and_o size_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o may_v attribute_v more_o powerful_a effect_n to_o they_o than_o man_n usual_o be_v wont_v to_o do_v for_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v more_o or_o less_o strong_a and_o numerous_a they_o may_v either_o disjoin_v or_o otherwise_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n as_o in_o a_o anthill_n who_o soil_n be_v full_a of_o egg_n by_o the_o number_n and_o motion_n of_o those_o little_a infect_v the_o egg_n which_o be_v up_o and_o down_o intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v present_o be_v separate_v and_o displace_v or_o as_o the_o leave_n and_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v various_o bend_v and_o break_v off_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o instance_n which_o may_v more_o illustrate_v what_o we_o be_v about_o that_o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n who_o effect_n be_v less_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v enable_v by_o their_o size_n and_o figure_n to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v a_o evident_a instance_n in_o sugar_n and_o amber_n throw_v together_o into_o water_n for_o the_o water_n present_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o sugar_n and_o total_o dissolve_v they_o whereas_o the_o amber_n continue_v unaltred_a to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v one_o of_o no_o less_o force_n afford_v by_o chemistry_n for_o if_o you_o pour_v limpid_a water_n upon_o that_o consistent_a substance_n which_o remain_v after_o a_o abstraction_n of_o five_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n from_o one_o of_o mercury_n and_o shake_v the_o mixture_n the_o calx_fw-la will_n present_o exchange_v it_o be_v white_a for_o a_o limon-colour_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n be_v present_o alter_v and_o how_o powerful_a the_o minute_n part_v of_o some_o body_n be_v we_o may_v further_o observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o these_o subtle_a particle_n present_o penetrate_v the_o substance_n of_o that_o solid_a body_n and_o so_o exagitate_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o motion_n strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o we_o have_v not_o a_o less_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o unheeded_a
influence_n of_o these_o catholic_n and_o unheeded_a agent_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o presume_v undeniable_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o till_o a_o hammer_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v strike_v upon_o a_o wedge_n it_o want_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o cleave_a wood_n but_o when_o force_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o that_o body_n which_o strike_v upon_o it_o the_o wedge_n present_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o that_o solid_a and_o divide_v they_o as_o also_o that_o a_o knife_n be_v altogether_o unable_a to_o attract_v a_o needle_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v that_o power_n from_o a_o loadstone_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n i_o shall_v to_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v viz._n that_o the_o property_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o effect_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o convex_a figure_n consider_v as_o such_o but_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n cast_v 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such_o a_o power_n to_o lift_v up_o one_o another_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o proposition_n the_o second_o proposition_n the_o second_o proposition_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n which_o when_o put_v into_o action_n be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n which_o they_o be_v by_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o nature_n force_v to_o act_n on_o and_o here_o though_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v relate_v may_v be_v also_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o that_o aether_n or_o materia_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la which_o some_o philosopher_n have_v suppose_v to_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o invisible_a agent_n which_o be_v here_o to_o be_v mention_v be_v only_o such_o as_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n and_o first_o though_o a_o bar_n of_o silver_n and_o another_o of_o steel_n be_v expose_v to_o cool_v when_o red_a hot_a with_o their_o end_n direct_o north_n and_o south_n yet_o the_o texture_n of_o these_o two_o metal_n be_v different_a one_o from_o another_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o steel_n be_v open_v and_o the_o metal_n make_v pliable_a it_o be_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o terrestrial_a effluvia_fw-la endue_v with_o several_a magnetical_a quality_n and_o particular_o when_o poise_v to_o point_v north_n and_o south_n whereas_o silver_n acquire_v no_o such_o property_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v less_o strange_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v afford_v magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la which_o be_v imagine_v by_o some_o to_o be_v very_o spirituous_a one_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v heat_v a_o oblong_a loadstone_n and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n to_o cool_v with_o its_o end_n point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o magnetical_a quality_n i_o can_v make_v either_o end_n to_o tend_v to_o the_o southern_a or_o northern_a pole_n as_o upon_o ignition_n i_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v with_o one_o end_n direct_v either_o north_n or_o southwards_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o some_o measure_n out_o of_o a_o vial_n with_o a_o oblong_a neck_n and_o upon_o its_o immersion_n in_o water_n one_o finger_n which_o prevent_v the_o retroadmission_n of_o the_o air_n be_v present_o take_v away_o the_o water_n will_v contrary_v to_o the_o tendency_n of_o its_o own_o gravity_n present_o fly_v up_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v squeeze_v in_o by_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v so_o weaken_v as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v the_o force_n of_o it_o whereas_o in_o a_o vacuo_fw-la the_o water_n will_v not_o be_v so_o raise_v have_v no_o external_a agent_n to_o boy_n it_o up_o water_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o bean_n soak_v with_o water_n again_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o germination_n and_o from_o what_o cause_n that_o powerful_a intumescence_n of_o seed_n when_o sow_o proceed_v i_o fill_v several_a vessel_n of_o glass_n as_o well_o as_o earth_n with_o common_a bean_n fill_v up_o the_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o tie_v the_o cork_n fast_o with_o string_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o bean_n have_v imbibe_v water_n enough_o their_o intumescence_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o only_o to_o break_v several_a of_o the_o vessel_n but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o string_n which_o hinder_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o cork_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v more_o exact_a in_o estimate_v the_o power_n of_o that_o expansive_a force_n i_o put_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o bean_n and_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n six_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v likewise_o fit_v exact_o with_o a_o plug_n a_o trencher_n be_v place_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v broad_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o half_a hundred_o weight_n of_o lead_n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o bean_n have_v raise_v the_o plug_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v note_v in_o such_o trial_n that_o as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v large_a so_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o bean_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o more_o considerable_a weight_n how_o far_o these_o experiment_n may_v confirm_v the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n or_o whether_o that_o force_n may_v be_v mechanical_o explain_v by_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v the_o reader_n to_o consider_v and_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o aether_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o some_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o imagine_v it_o very_o little_o concern_v in_o for_o beside_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o some_o upon_o another_o account_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o flesh_n may_v be_v preserve_v long_o from_o putrefaction_n by_o be_v seclude_v from_o the_o contact_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n and_o also_o that_o the_o light_n which_o flow_v from_o rot_a wood_n and_o some_o putrefy_v fish_n will_v appear_v and_o disappear_v upon_o the_o contact_n or_o separation_n of_o ambient_fw-la air._n air._n several_a phaenomena_n produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air._n but_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n that_o the_o air_n may_v effect_v several_a thing_n beside_o what_o it_o produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o weight_n by_o the_o insensible_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n i_o may_v add_v that_o whereas_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v wet_a with_o oil_n have_v its_o pore_n so_o alter_v as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o transmit_v more_o 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colour_n which_o phaenomena_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v exhibit_v be_v not_o either_o some_o insensible_a corpuscle_n transmit_v in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la from_o those_o object_n or_o some_o other_o subtle_a particle_n of_o matter_n direct_v by_o local_a motion_n from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n phaenomena_n the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o insensible_a and_o unheeded_a cause_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o a_o magnetical_a needle_n it_o will_v present_o drive_v it_o away_o whereas_o if_o the_o position_n of_o that_o iron_n bar_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o touch_v that_o point_n with_o the_o other_o end_n it_o will_v by_o a_o contrary_a faculty_n attract_v it_o except_o the_o iron_n bar_n have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o have_v acquire_v a_o more_o durable_a verticity_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v quality_n how_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n acquire_v magnetical_a quality_n why_o by_o such_o posture_n the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o iron_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o increase_v it_o may_v probable_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n because_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o lie_v near_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n have_v their_o pore_n render_v more_o apt_a to_o 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or_o size_n nor_o for_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o eye_n lose_v none_o of_o its_o part_n yet_o by_o a_o invisible_a change_n of_o texture_n effect_v by_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v alter_v its_o verticity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a posture_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o iron_n who_o verticity_n be_v alter_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n wrought_v by_o so_o weak_a a_o agent_n as_o the_o earth_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n in_o liquid_a body_n and_o first_o that_o though_o honey_n and_o water_n mix_v together_o in_o a_o undue_a proportion_n reserve_v each_o their_o distinct_a nature_n yet_o if_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o water_n be_v add_v to_o one_o part_n of_o honey_n by_o some_o subtle_a agent_n or_o other_o they_o be_v present_o ferment_v and_o unite_v into_o one_o common_a mass_n and_o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o live_v several_a year_n in_o the_o canary_n island_n that_o if_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n close_o stop_v be_v violent_o roll_v along_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o change_v that_o if_o it_o be_v but_o about_o a_o month_n old_a one_o of_o the_o end_n will_v be_v burst_v out_o and_o the_o liquor_n lose_v another_o instance_n in_o which_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n dispose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o powerful_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v in_o glass_n which_o upon_o a_o sudden_a removal_n from_o the_o fire_n into_o cold_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n but_o a_o instance_n which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o a_o hot_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v upon_o some_o which_o be_v more_o moderate_o hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o thence_o remove_v upon_o a_o plate_n several_a piece_n like_o scale_n will_v fly_v off_o it_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n acquire_v such_o a_o admirable_a quality_n by_o calcination_n that_o by_o be_v place_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n for_o some_o time_n it_o get_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o luminousness_n as_o to_o retain_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n when_o remove_v into_o the_o dark_a chap._n ii_o of_o cosmical_a suspicion_n the_o world_n about_o we_o be_v stock_v with_o such_o a_o variety_n of_o object_n and_o other_o thing_n too_o small_a or_o subtle_a to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v not_o be_v unuseful_a upon_o some_o account_n to_o propose_v conjecture_n where_o the_o subject_a consider_v admit_v of_o no_o clear_a discovery_n first_o suspicion_n the_o first_o and_o first_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n i_o suspect_v that_o beside_o those_o uniform_a part_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o aether_n by_o some_o philosopher_n be_v think_v to_o consist_v there_o be_v also_o several_a other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v different_o dispose_v to_o work_v upon_o body_n 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the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o divers_a who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o the_o wave_n be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a yet_o at_o fifteen_o fathom_v deep_a the_o water_n be_v very_o little_o disturb_v only_o the_o mud_n be_v raise_v which_o make_v the_o water_n dark_a and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o person_n that_o dive_v inform_v i_o that_o have_v stay_v a_o considerable_a depth_n for_o some_o time_n he_o find_v when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o a_o tempestuous_a storm_n which_o have_v rise_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o water_n without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o he_o below_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o manar_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o they_o dive_v for_o coral_n in_o a_o sea_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la which_o be_v usual_o very_o much_o disturb_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n
i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n who_o make_v his_o observation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n that_o have_v let_v down_o his_o plummet_n about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v that_o the_o plummet_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o stand_a water_n make_v the_o boat_n turn_v to_o the_o tide_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o stagnation_n of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v likewise_o confirm_v to_o i_o by_o observation_n make_v near_o the_o coral_n fishery_n in_o the_o east-indies_n chap._n vi_o further_a relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n but_o also_o promote_v vegetation_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v but_o since_o several_a tree_n and_o plant_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v further_o observe_v what_o information_n i_o have_v receive_v concern_v they_o coral_n observation_n relate_v to_o coral_n and_o first_o to_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v the_o growth_n of_o coral_n under_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o see_v it_o near_o algiers_n that_o coral_n when_o first_o take_v up_o be_v not_o only_o soft_a and_o flexible_a but_o very_o pale_a yet_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o and_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v natural_a redness_n present_o appear_v to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v break_v several_a piece_n he_o find_v it_o much_o pale_a within_o than_o on_o the_o outside_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a black_a knob_n on_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o twig_n the_o place_n from_o whence_o this_o coral_n be_v take_v be_v about_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a and_o i_o have_v be_v further_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o the_o east-indies_n that_o upon_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o coral_n he_o have_v observe_v certain_a round_a berry_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n water_n tree_n under_o water_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o observe_v tree_n to_o grow_v under_o water_n near_a manar_n which_o bear_v leave_n like_o those_o of_o a_o laurel_n but_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o mosambique_n in_o africa_n several_a tree_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n who_o fruit_n and_o leave_n be_v like_o those_o of_o the_o tree_n in_o america_n which_o bear_v a_o fruit_n call_v acayu_n but_o a_o observation_n more_o valuable_a be_v concern_v the_o maldavian_a nut_n call_v coco_n which_o by_o experience_a divers_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o grow_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o gather_v by_o the_o divers_a or_o tear_v off_o by_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o fruit_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o it_o be_v under_o water_n it_o be_v very_o soft_a but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v a_o considerable_a time_n to_o the_o air_n it_o become_v very_o hard_o chap._n vii_o observation_n and_o experiment_n about_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea._n peripatetic_n the_o invalidity_n of_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o several_a peripatetic_n have_v be_v judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o water_n but_o with_o what_o little_a reason_n may_v easy_o appear_v from_o those_o stand_a lake_n and_o pond_n who_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n continue_v fresh_a and_o that_o it_o neither_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o any_o other_o external_a heat_n may_v be_v argue_v since_o though_o some_o fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v off_o by_o distillation_n and_o consequent_o undergo_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o do_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n it_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o salt_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o water_n never_o expose_v to_o such_o heat_n which_o salt_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o sea_n salt_n only_o that_o it_o be_v white_a be_v more_o clear_a of_o its_o faeces_fw-la and_o free_a from_o a_o mixture_n of_o earthy_a part_n and_o though_o some_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o aristotle_n doctrine_n that_o scaliger_n affirm_v the_o sea_n water_n to_o be_v salt_a in_o its_o upper_a region_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o bottom_n that_o the_o observation_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o do_v not_o general_o hold_v neither_o will_v it_o favour_v his_o doctrine_n shall_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n otherwise_o than_o common_a salt_n christalize_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o evaporate_v solution_n for_o consider_v how_o much_o salt_n water_n must_v be_v impregnate_v with_o and_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o sea_n water_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o dutch_a geographer_n to_o be_v only_o as_o one_o to_o forty_o water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o water_n it_o be_v disposition_n to_o crystalize_v can_v be_v no_o argument_n of_o the_o swim_n of_o sea-salt_n more_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o other_o region_n but_o though_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n from_o the_o peripatetic_a philosopher_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v on_o the_o contrary_a with_o some_o that_o the_o gravity_n of_o salt_n make_v they_o sink_v the_o more_o to_o the_o bottom_n since_o the_o intestine_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n continual_o shift_v place_n must_v consequent_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o which_o consideration_n join_v with_o another_o which_o be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o usual_o observe_v metalline_a tincture_n strong_a at_o the_o top_n than_o bottom_n may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o suspicion_n to_o some_o that_o the_o present_a argument_n be_v less_o cogent_a notwithstanding_o the_o specific_a gravity_n betwixt_o metal_n and_o their_o menstruum_n do_v much_o exceed_v that_o betwixt_o salt_n and_o water_n but_o further_a in_o behalf_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o linscotten_a that_o at_z goa_n in_o portugal_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o their_o slave_n to_o dive_v and_o fetch_v fresh_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o though_o this_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a yet_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v draw_v thence_o because_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v contrary_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o guess_v that_o sea_n spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v it_o true_a that_o fresh_a water_n may_v rise_v by_o certain_a spring_n cover_v over_o with_o sea_n water_n as_o well_o as_o that_o several_a spring_n in_o other_o place_n shall_v be_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o spring_n be_v so_o far_o probable_a that_o the_o curious_a hungarian_a governor_n de_fw-fr admirandis_fw-la hungariae_fw-la aquis_fw-la say_v that_o in_o the_o river_n vagus_fw-la near_o the_o fortress_n galgotium_n vein_n of_o hot_a water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o water_n his_o word_n be_v these_o neque_fw-la in_o ripa_n tantum_fw-la eruuntur_fw-la calidae_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la intra_fw-la amnem_fw-la si_fw-la fundum_fw-la ejus_fw-la pedibus_fw-la suffodias_fw-la calent_fw-la autem_fw-la immodicè_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o neapolitan_a coast_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v these_o relation_n i_o shall_v intimate_v brief_o that_o a_o ingenious_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o who_o live_v in_o that_o city_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o that_o fresh_a water_n be_v not_o fetch_v so_o deep_a as_o to_o be_v suspect_v to_o rise_v from_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o the_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o a_o river_n not_o far_o off_o before_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o conjecture_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o near_a mouth_n of_o river_n it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o fresh_a water_n have_v for_o some_o time_n float_v together_o without_o be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o other_o stream_n and_o as_o for_o scaliger_n opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o it_o that_o by_o a_o vessel_n so_o artificial_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v open_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o take_v in_o water_n the_o water_n draw_v up_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v salt_n but_o since_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o this_o that_o the_o salt_n water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a as_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o may_v be_v
mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o salt_n water_n sea_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea_n water_n i_o deny_v not_o what_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o modern_n teach_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o saltness_n proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o that_o saltness_n be_v not_o only_o supply_v by_o those_o salt_n rock_n which_o may_v be_v contiguous_a to_o or_o near_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v by_o salt_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v into_o it_o by_o spring_n and_o rain-water_n which_o float_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n because_o several_a chemist_n have_v not_o only_o find_v salt_n in_o some_o water_n but_o have_v obtain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n upon_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a
thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o hydrostatician_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o two_o to_o one_o and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o sal_fw-la gemm_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o weighty_a than_o sea-salt_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n about_o as_o 2_o 2_o 8_o to_o 1._o chap._n viii_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n the_o use_n of_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o the_o method_n which_o some_o physician_n take_v to_o try_v they_o so_o slight_a that_o though_o i_o be_o satisfy_v it_o be_v difficult_a without_o experience_n to_o ascribe_v virtue_n to_o they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o mineral_n which_o may_v impregnate_n they_o with_o particle_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a nature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v but_o that_o if_o we_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o quaeres_fw-la and_o several_a method_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o they_o more_o nice_a trial_n may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n up_o of_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n since_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o metalline_a salt_n with_o which_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v may_v be_v discover_v wherefore_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o such_o sort_n of_o experiment_n that_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o try_v viz._n chief_o chemical_a one_o which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o home_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o attend_v those_o mineral_n fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v and_o because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o improve_v physic_n by_o the_o follow_a observation_n than_o to_o entertain_v speculative_a naturalist_n i_o have_v chief_o make_v it_o my_o business_n in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o consider_v those_o water_n call_v acidulae_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o term_v thermae_n because_o the_o former_a be_v of_o more_o general_a use_n water_n the_o danger_n of_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o mineral_n water_n but_o perhaps_o some_o may_v think_v that_o the_o quares_n hereafter_o propound_v may_v be_v too_o troublesome_a and_o more_o than_o requisite_a since_o the_o use_v of_o mineneral_a water_n be_v think_v so_o innocent_a as_o to_o be_v of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n if_o unsuccesful_a to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o when_o skilful_o give_v they_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a yet_o they_o be_v as_o prejudicial_a if_o unskilful_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o since_o there_o can_v be_v too_o much_o caution_n we_o can_v be_v too_o inquisitive_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o of_o their_o virtue_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a many_o hide_a quality_n in_o they_o and_o they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o several_a metalline_a property_n which_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o common_a trial_n beside_o be_v such_o experiment_n industrious_o prosecute_v they_o may_v help_v to_o discover_v several_a other_o quality_n in_o mineral_n water_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a for_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o earth_n which_o abound_v with_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o impregnate_n subterraneal_a water_n than_o we_o can_v otherwise_o imagine_v for_o upon_o pour_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n gall_n the_o effect_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n become_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n to_o which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o steel_n in_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n make_v in_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o several_a water_n have_v be_v discover_v under_o ground_n of_o very_o different_a taste_n some_o of_o which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v corrosive_a and_o other_o as_o harmless_a be_v endow_v with_o several_a medicinal_a and_o useful_a quality_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v more_o particular_o of_o one_o which_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o coral_n in_o devonshire_n about_o 360_o foot_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v find_v a_o water_n very_o thick_a and_o red_a yet_o cool_a and_o diuretic_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o nauseous_a to_o the_o taste_n chap._n ix_o title_n propose_v for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n consider_v whilst_o in_o their_o proper_a channel_n water_n query_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o order_n to_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_n in_o three_o different_a capacity_n first_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o natural_a receptacle_n second_o when_o draw_v up_o for_o use_n and_o three_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o effect_n on_o human_a body_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o head_n the_o follow_a quaeres_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v 1._o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o what_o climate_n or_o parallel_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v to_o be_v find_v 2._o to_o what_o point_n these_o water_n lie_v open_v most_o in_o their_o receptacle_n 3._o whether_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v be_v a_o plain_a or_o how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o plain_a 4._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v upon_o a_o ascent_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o the_o botttom_n of_o that_o ascent_n 5._o whether_o a_o recrementitious_a substance_n adhere_v to_o stone_n long_o contiguous_a to_o these_o water_n 6._o whether_o subterraneal_a fire_n be_v near_o such_o water_n and_o what_o phaenomena_n such_o exhibit_v 7._o whether_o brimstone_n or_o salarmoniack_a etc._n etc._n be_v find_v about_o the_o vent_v of_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n 8._o whether_o instead_o of_o subterraneal_a fire_n there_o be_v other_o adjacent_a aestuary_n and_o whether_o such_o be_v constant_a or_o intermit_a and_o if_o so_o whether_o periodical_a or_o irregular_a 9_o whether_o mineral_n fume_n of_o particular_a colour_n or_o smell_v arise_v from_o such_o aestuary_n 10._o of_o what_o temper_n the_o neighbour_a as_o well_o as_o the_o soil_n they_o pass_v through_o be_v of_o 11._o whether_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n those_o mineral_n be_v of_o which_o they_o pass_v through_o 12._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v original_o fresh_a and_o derive_v their_o virtue_n from_o the_o soil_n they_o afterward_o pass_v through_o 13._o whether_o if_o it_o acquire_v its_o virtue_n so_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o impregnation_n any_o effervescence_n or_o whether_o any_o such_o effect_v succeed_v its_o mixture_n with_o another_o liquor_n 14._o whether_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n near_o it_o viz._n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n 15._o whether_o a_o oily_a or_o bituminous_a inflammable_a substance_n float_v in_o it_o 16._o whether_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n alter_v they_o and_o what_o quality_n they_o lose_v or_o acquire_v by_o such_o for_o after_o rain_n i_o have_v observe_v such_o water_n incapable_a of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o as_o to_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n i_o have_v find_v that_o rain_n after_o long_a drought_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o strength_n by_o dissolve_v and_o dilute_v those_o salt_n which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o a_o vehicle_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o the_o rain_n much_o those_o salt_n be_v the_o more_o dilute_v render_v the_o water_n less_o effectual_a 17._o whether_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v chemical_o and_o mechanical_o discover_v as_o also_o of_o what_o colour_n and_o weight_n and_o with_o what_o menstruum_v their_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v and_o likewise_o what_o substance_n they_o will_v yield_v when_o expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o what_o other_o chemical_a trial_n those_o as_o well_o as_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v undergo_v chap._n x._o contain_v title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n when_o draw_v out_o of_o their_o receptacle_n qeaery_n a_o continuation_n of_o qeaery_n 1._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n propose_v be_v actual_o hot_a or_o cold_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v from_o what_o depth_n those_o water_n rose_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o salt-peter_n or_o salarmoniack_a in_o their_o ascent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a may_v be_v either_o try_v by_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n or_o by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n or_o melt_v butter_n 2._o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v
black_a but_o also_o one_o saturate_v with_o copper_n a_o succedaneum_n to_o which_o may_v be_v make_v by_o add_v to_o sulphur_n as_o it_o melt_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o equal_a proportion_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fine_o powder_v stir_v they_o till_o they_o incorporate_v and_o become_v red_a which_o mixture_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o half_a its_o weight_n of_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v in_o water_n let_v it_o be_v distil_v in_o sand_n shift_v the_o receiver_n as_o the_o liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v tinge_v more_o or_o less_o so_o that_o the_o strong_a may_v be_v preserve_v by_o itself_o and_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o will_v be_v of_o more_o use_n than_o those_o usual_o make_v with_o a_o bare_a tincture_n of_o gall_n since_o there_o be_v several_a mineral_n substance_n and_o other_o body_n which_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o which_o discover_v not_o themselves_o in_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n as_o sulphur_n or_o copper_n may_v be_v so_o lock_v up_o in_o these_o water_n as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v till_o the_o body_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v open_v by_o some_o proper_a additament_n and_o even_o arsenic_n itself_o may_v be_v so_o disguise_v as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v when_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o it_o present_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n be_v add_v to_o it_o they_o whether_o mineral_n water_n have_v arsenic_n dissolve_v in_o they_o but_o to_o discover_v whether_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o arsenic_n or_o not_o i_o put_v dantzick_n or_o english_a vitriol_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o either_o of_o which_o cause_v a_o dark_a precipitate_v gradual_o to_o subside_o 14._o whether_o spirituous_a acid_n volatile_a alkalys_n or_o lixivial_a salt_n will_v precipitate_v such_o water_n 15._o the_o manner_n of_o extract_a salt_n from_o such_o water_n and_o what_o quantity_n may_v be_v extract_v guess_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o saltness_n of_o these_o water_n by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v lather_n with_o soap_n and_o if_o not_o what_o quantity_n of_o curdle_a matter_n they_o will_v yield_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o the_o light_a water_n will_v yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n 16._o how_o to_o discover_v what_o acidity_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o evaporation_n have_v take_v a_o peculiar_a method_n to_o try_v the_o acidity_n of_o mineral_n water_n by_o mix_v they_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la in_o simple_a water_n i_o find_v that_o though_o german_a spa_n yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n yet_o in_o that_o of_o action_n there_o be_v none_o discernible_a 17._o what_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o distillation_n in_o balnco_n 18._o what_o and_o whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n be_v afford_v by_o evaporation_n and_o distillation_n 19_o whether_o mineral_n water_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o quality_n and_o texture_n by_o a_o reunion_n of_o their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n when_o distil_v to_o such_o a_o consistence_n in_o glass-vessel_n exact_o lute_v which_o they_o have_v before_o 20._o what_o change_n if_o any_o mineral_n water_n undergo_v by_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v from_o whence_o may_v be_v learn_v whether_o a_o change_n of_o quality_n will_v succeed_v a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n without_o a_o manifest_a loss_n of_o part_n and_o whether_o a_o agitation_n of_o part_n without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v any_o thing_n or_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n to_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n purple_a 21._o how_o much_o the_o mineral_n water_n exceed_v their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o proportien_n 22._o what_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o whether_o dissoluble_a in_o water_n 23._o how_o much_o the_o saline_n and_o terrestrial_a part_n differ_v in_o proportion_n 24._o whether_o in_o strong_a fire_n the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a or_o fix_a and_o to_o what_o degree_n 25._o whether_o the_o salt_n will_v crystallize_v per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o with_o other_o salt_n and_o what_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o genuine_a or_o compound_v crystal_n 26._o whether_o acid_n or_o alkaline_n quality_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o acidity_n will_v either_o appear_v to_o the_o taste_n or_o smell_v or_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a as_o also_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o acid_n lose_v its_o blue_a colour_n their_o acidity_n may_v likewise_o be_v discover_v by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v precipitate_v by_o alkalys_n or_o ferment_n with_o they_o and_o if_o alkaly_n be_v predominant_a it_o on_o the_o contrary_n discover_v itself_o by_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n and_o smell_v and_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a or_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n or_o ferment_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o last_o by_o increase_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n in_o common-water_n and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o such_o spring_n here_o in_o england_n as_o afford_v alkaline_a salt_n yet_o without_o question_n in_o egypt_n such_o may_v be_v find_v since_o their_o latron_n or_o the_o egyptian_a nitre_n abound_v with_o a_o salt_n of_o a_o alkaline_a nature_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o alkaly_n from_o that_o famous_a water_n of_o bourbon_n in_o france_n which_o will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o ferment_n with_o volatile_a acid_n if_o such_o water_n abound_v with_o vitriol_n they_o will_v turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_a and_o vomit_v those_o that_o drink_v they_o and_o if_o a_o alkaly_n be_v add_v will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v upon_o drop_v of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n into_o they_o i_o have_v not_o find_v any_o of_o the_o water_n about_o london_n to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o france_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vitriolate_a spring_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n which_o most_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o glass_n but_o be_v either_o svi_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o a_o peculiar_a one_o or_o a_o compound_v salt_n make_v up_o of_o such_o as_o the_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o in_o its_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o purgative_n salt_n may_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n be_v make_v of_o salt_n not_o at_o all_o purgative_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a empiric_n that_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o common_a sulphur_n mix_v together_o have_v a_o gentle_a purge_v virtue_n 27._o in_o what_o menstruum_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v be_v dissolve_v and_o in_o what_o it_o may_v not_o whether_o volatile_a or_o fix_v and_o what_o quality_n it_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o colour_n or_o smell_n afford_v what_o proportion_n of_o salt_n mineral_n water_n afford_v it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v what_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n some_o mineral_n water_n yield_v in_o comparison_n of_o other_o since_o those_o water_n which_o be_v pure_o diuretic_n have_v very_o little_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o purge_v water_n for_o though_o a_o pound_n of_o barnet_n water_n yield_v a_o drachm_n yet_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o tunbridge_n afford_v but_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o a_o mineral_n shall_v impregnate_n so_o much_o water_n as_o i_o have_v by_o trial_n find_v a_o grain_n of_o iron_n stone_n do_v enable_v it_o to_o tincture_n a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n deep_a than_o tunbridge_n or_o german_a spa_n water_n will_v and_o i_o have_v try_v that_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o marchasite_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n communicate_v a_o tincture_n to_o 61440_o part_n of_o water_n though_o part_n of_o that_o marchasite_n be_v sulphur_n and_o part_n of_o it_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o so_o small_a a_o portion_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n will_v when_o gross_o dissolve_v impregnate_n so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o much_o more_o may_v it_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o subtle_a mineral_n fume_v and_o as_o in_o such_o a_o form_n it_o may_v impregnate_n a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n so_o will_v it_o be_v
make_v it_o further_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o pressure_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n syphon_n like_o the_o former_a and_o have_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o short_a leg_n i_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o mercury_n as_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n about_o 30_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o the_o mercury_n can_v not_o be_v raise_v by_o suction_n above_o one_o inch_n high_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n whereas_o do_v the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n it_o will_v have_v rose_n much_o high_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n since_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o natural_o possess_v so_o that_o the_o reason_n according_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o a_o due_a aequilibrium_fw-la when_o by_o suck_v the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o long_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a expand_n itself_o so_o much_o as_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o air_n and_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a so_o far_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n keep_v it_o from_o expand_v any_o further_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o force_n to_o raise_v and_o press_v the_o mercury_n up_o it_o can_v be_v elevate_v no_o high_o since_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n act_v only_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o not_o as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n too_o so_o when_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o spring_n it_o can_v propel_v the_o mercury_n no_o high_o to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v here_o explain_v one_o phaenomenon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it which_o to_o some_o seem_v a_o argument_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o phaenomenon_n be_v that_o if_o one_o finger_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o convey_v air_n from_o the_o receiver_n to_o the_o pump_n the_o pulp_n of_o one_o finger_n will_v enter_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v very_o painful_a the_o protuberant_a part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o by_o attraction_n to_o which_o we_o give_v this_o brief_a answer_n viz._n that_o when_o first_o the_o finger_n be_v place_v there_o it_o receive_v a_o equal_a pressure_n from_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o from_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o when_o that_o air_n be_v draw_v away_o the_o external_n pressure_n find_v no_o resistance_n press_v the_o fleshy_a part_n into_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v according_o painful_a as_o the_o external_n pressure_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o internal_a resistance_n be_v great_a or_o less_o to_o illustrate_v this_o explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v close_v up_o one_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n pipe_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o oil_a bladder_n and_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o tall_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n the_o immersed_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o other_o end_v emerge_v and_o stand_v open_a above_o the_o vessel_n this_o be_v do_v we_o take_v water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n body_n upon_o which_o the_o bladder_n be_v more_o strong_o press_v against_o by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n than_o that_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o bladder_n be_v force_v so_o much_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n as_o to_o form_v a_o semi-globe_n but_o if_o when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n be_v equal_o poise_v the_o uppermost_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v though_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o much_o immerse_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o press_v against_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o bladder_n be_v great_a than_o that_o in_o the_o tube_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o bladder_n have_v the_o least_o protuberance_n but_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o air_n the_o bladder_n will_v sudden_o be_v press_v so_o much_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o pipe_n that_o it_o be_v convex_a superficies_n will_v represent_v a_o semicircle_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o tube_n the_o low_a end_n of_o which_o be_v so_o bend_v as_o to_o form_v a_o right_a angle_n the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o nor_o do_v it_o vary_v when_o try_v in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n with_o wine_n instead_o of_o water_n save_v that_o wine_n not_o be_v specifical_o aeque-ponderant_a with_o water_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n be_v requisite_a to_o settle_v they_o at_o first_o in_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o when_o that_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v lose_v by_o immerge_v the_o tube_n into_o the_o water_n the_o bladder_n be_v raise_v so_o as_o to_o become_v protuberant_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n chap._n viii_o some_o observation_n and_o direction_n about_o the_o barometer_n communicate_v by_o mr._n boyle_n in_o the_o phil._n transact_v of_o april_n 1666._o barometer_n observation_n concern_v barometer_n the_o design_n of_o try_v barometrical_a experiment_n in_o several_a part_n be_v only_o that_o by_o compare_v note_n the_o extent_n of_o atmospherical_a change_n in_o point_n of_o weight_n may_v be_v the_o better_o estimate_v i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a direction_n for_o those_o who_o curiosity_n lead_v they_o that_o way_n first_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o note_v the_o day_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o observation_n be_v make_v second_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v 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mention_v viz._n egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a act_n on_o every_o side_n the_o shell_n be_v whole_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v in_o order_n to_o facilitate_v some_o experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o in_o common_a experiment_n water_v natural_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o that_o ice_n confine_v the_o subjacent_a water_n so_o that_o when_o freeze_v it_o have_v not_o room_n to_o expand_v i_o say_v whereas_o in_o such_o case_n the_o glass_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v to_o prevent_v such_o ill_a consequence_n i_o lay_v the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n first_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o above_o it_o and_o as_o the_o salt_n and_o ice_n be_v raise_v high_a about_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ice_n gradual_o rise_v without_o danger_n 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freeze_v and_o the_o yolk_n hard_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v overboil_v there_o likewise_o appear_v in_o it_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o different_a colour_n and_o a_o very_a white_a speck_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n we_o be_v confirm_v in_o our_o persuasion_n that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v thaw_v soon_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n a_o egg_n be_v suspend_v in_o water_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n equal_o thick_a on_o all_o side_n freeze_a pippin_n be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pippin_n which_o be_v immerse_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o much_o thick_a crust_n than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o 2._o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o those_o in_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v but_o one_o that_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a and_o more_o freeze_v 4._o neither_o the_o freeze_a egg_n or_o apple_n condense_v and_o freeze_v the_o air_n though_o they_o incrustate_v the_o water_n egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o they_o crack_v we_o put_v one_o into_o milk_n two_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o into_o a_o large_a glass_n of_o sack_n but_o produce_v no_o ice_n egg_n be_v put_v into_o vinegar_n produce_v no_o ice_n but_o the_o vinegar_n corrode_v the_o eggshell_n a_o cheese_n immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o lump_n of_o iron_n piece_n of_o glass_n and_o stone_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o freeze_v egg_n produce_v no_o ice_n in_o water_n water_n be_v pour_v into_o a_o bottle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o our_o elaborotory_n part_v of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n shake_v together_o in_o a_o vial_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dew_n and_o so_o do_v ice_n beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n with_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg._n pippin_n be_v much_o better_o when_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a climate_n that_o when_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o extreme_a cold_a too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n it_o have_v raise_v blister_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o more_o careful_a sort_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o cold_a water_n or_o snow_n before_o they_o approach_v the_o fire_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o cheese_n be_v freeze_v in_o muscovy_n those_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n and_o guilielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_n cap._n 10._o de_fw-la gangraena_fw-la &_o sphacelo_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o our_o apple_n and_o egg_n be_v though_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n yet_o glaciation_n leave_v they_o more_o subject_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o thaw_n though_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o state_n they_o putrify_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a under_o glaciation_n hinder_v body_n from_o corruption_n i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a instance_n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la say_v p._n 80._o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la sine_fw-la arcte_fw-la compactam_fw-la servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la a_o putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la and_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 74._o have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o p._n 79._o he_o farther_o say_v that_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o ice_n all_o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jot_n the_o worse_o and_o from_o simlerus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o alps_o it_o appear_v that_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o snow_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o p._n 79._o de_fw-la figurativis_fw-la in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la nivium_fw-la è_fw-la monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la mole_n sylvam_fw-la &_o proceras_fw-la abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60_o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la soluto_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o prove_v that_o inanimate_a body_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n i_o shall_v bring_v several_a instance_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o much_o wonder_n since_o whether_o glaciation_n proceed_v from_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n wedge_v in_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n or_o whether_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o a_o avolition_n of_o those_o restless_a particle_n which_o before_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a we_o must_v suppose_v a_o unusual_a rest_n and_o consequent_o the_o concomitant_a cause_n of_o corruption_n
mark_n be_v about_o the_o 15_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a 10._o a_o large_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_a stem_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v 15_o inch_n the_o whole_a contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v freeze_v the_o freeze_a water_n continue_v to_o swell_v be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n high_o a_o few_o drop_n run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o 11._o another_o egg_n about_o the_o same_o height_n be_v place_v in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n rise_v a_o inch_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n and_o several_a laminae_fw-la of_o ice_n appear_v at_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o the_o neck_n but_o after_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o quarce_a those_o disappear_v and_o the_o ball_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o white_a ice_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v raise_v 4_o ½_n inch_n 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be_v generate_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o operation_n 14._o another_o time_n the_o water_n swell_v 10_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o glass_n we_o break_v off_o the_o neb_n under_o water_n and_o it_o receive_v as_o much_o of_o the_o external_a water_n so_o that_o in_o this_o no_o air_n be_v generate_v 15._o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o aqueous_a liquor_n the_o neb_n of_o one_o that_o contain_v milk_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n it_o be_v manifest_o impel_v by_o the_o outward_a air._n and_o another_o be_v likewise_o open_v under_o water_n which_o contain_v urine_n it_o receive_v about_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n of_o water_n 16._o another_o glass_n which_o contain_v claret-wine_n be_v open_v under_o water_n the_o water_n be_v impel_v near_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o mark_n which_o will_v not_o have_v happen_v have_v the_o bubble_n be_v fill_v with_o true_a and_o permament_n air._n title_n x._o experiment_n about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n and_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v the_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n we_o take_v a_o bolt-head_n and_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o water_n that_o it_o rise_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o number_n of_o ounce_n it_o contain_v set_v down_o to_o those_o we_o successful_o add_v one_o ounce_n after_o another_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o of_o they_o wrought_v which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v out_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n and_o freeze_v the_o remain_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o and_o the_o ice_n that_o consist_v of_o 82_o part_n of_o water_n fill_v the_o space_n of_o 91_o and_o ½_n so_o that_o the_o congeal_a water_n possess_v a_o 9th_o part_n of_o space_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o in_o another_o experiment_n 55_o part_n of_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v extend_v to_o 60_o ½_n 6_o of_o those_o remain_v unfreeze_v 2._o another_o way_n we_o take_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n be_v by_o mark_v a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o which_o when_o it_o be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o ten_o part_n high_o than_o before_o another_o more_o exact_a cylinder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o we_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v expanded_a to_o about_o a_o nine_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o but_o perhaps_o this_o method_n of_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n may_v suggest_v a_o difficulty_n to_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o hydrostaticks_n since_o archimedes_n have_v make_v it_o appear_v as_o well_o as_o stevinus_n that_o float_a body_n will_v so_o far_o and_o but_o so_o far_o sink_v in_o the_o liquor_n that_o support_v they_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a body_n 4._o for_o capt._n james_n have_v observe_v ice_n to_o float_v a_o great_a 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for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o bartholinus_n take_v notice_n be_v compile_v of_o store_n of_o snow_n freeze_v together_o beside_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o those_o stupendous_a mountain_n which_o lay_v so_o much_o above_o water_n below_o rest_v on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o probable_o they_o may_v have_v sink_v much_o low_o have_v the_o water_n be_v deep_a enough_o for_o they_o for_o mr._n hudson_n in_o his_o voyage_n take_v notice_n in_o a_o bay_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n sevenscore_n fathom_n deep_a 7._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n it_o perhaps_o may_v
and_o bay-salt_n strew_v on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o they_o promote_v the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n so_o much_o that_o they_o bury_v themselves_o in_o it_o but_o the_o part_n thaw_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o incorporate_v with_o and_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o we_o can_v not_o separate_v they_o without_o knock_v they_o in_o piece_n at_o another_o time_n salt_n throw_v upon_o ice_n make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o by_o a_o candle-light_n several_a steam_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v from_o they_o like_v from_o some_o hot_a liquor_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o aquafortis_n drop_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o latter_a soon_o penetrate_v but_o the_o former_a with_o more_o noise_n as_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v crack_v 5._o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n septentr_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 14_o say_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n glacies_fw-la primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la byemis_fw-la adâ—ò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la verò_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la vel_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodùm_fw-la inferius_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la hyemalibus_fw-la memorandum_n erit_fw-la but_o this_o account_n be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a because_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o shore_n this_o weight_n will_v be_v bear_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o man_n may_v be_v much_o great_a at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o more_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o side_n since_o the_o shore_n have_v there_o a_o great_a strength_n to_o support_v it_o 6._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13_o say_v that_o the_o ice_n in_o russia_n be_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o rock_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o p._n 813_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o float_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v up_o and_o thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o whether_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o accumulation_n of_o fresh_a particle_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ice_n carry_v thither_o from_o some_o fresh_a water_n i_o much_o question_n since_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v seldom_o freeze_v and_o especial_o since_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o say_v that_o the_o float_a ice_n near_o nova_n zembla_n which_o close_v up_o the_o straight_a of_o weigals_n flow_v down_o from_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesre_n and_o several_a other_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n they_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a the_o dutch_a in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 96_o foot_n high_a and_o capt._n james_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o as_o deep_a under_o water_n beside_o what_o float_v above_o and_o some_o much_o high_a and_o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o p._n 837._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 140_o fathom_n high_a as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o piece_n of_o ice_n all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o capt._n james_n who_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 1000_o pace_n long_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o concrete_a piece_n of_o ice_n mr._n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o greenland_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o by_o another_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v so_o long_o that_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o a_o indifferent_a high_a hill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o the_o french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n relate_v in_o his_o passage_n to_o canada_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n other_o as_o ship_n and_o one_o 80_o league_n long_o in_o some_o place_n plain_a and_o in_o other_o unequal_a with_o high_a mountain_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 384._o say_v neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la sueci_fw-la &_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imò_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_fw-la iisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la glacie_n concretâ_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la constructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeò_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la ampliter_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o all_o that_o not_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o sweedland_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o eastern_a region_n the_o sea_n have_v be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 19_o observe_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 775_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50_o league_n 30_o cubit_n thick_a upon_o which_o as_o much_o snow_n fall_v as_o raise_v it_o 30_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n 9_o to_o what_o instance_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v we_o shall_v add_v that_o of_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n viz._n that_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 18_o fathom_n below_o water_n and_o ten_o above_o be_v very_o blue_a the_o like_a to_o which_o capt._n james_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o virgil_n speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n say_v caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concreta_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la 10._o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ice_n be_v observe_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n to_o be_v much_o less_o compact_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o same_o and_o also_o by_o mr._n james_n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n that_o when_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v they_o make_v a_o vast_a noise_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o and_o though_o olaus_n magnus_n attribute_n the_o cleave_v of_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o warm_a exhalation_n have_v upon_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o fly_v in_o piece_n upon_o excessive_a cold._n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xv_o title_n 1._o a_o decoction_n of_o sage_n rosemary_n and_o parsley_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o distinct_a vessel_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o former_a be_v very_o rough_a juice_n of_o lemon_n freeze_v represent_v tree_n without_o leave_n 2._o 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which_o be_v not_o above_o a_o ten_o part_n above_o water_n he_o likewise_o observe_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v 22_o degree_n and_o a_o little_a time_n after_o scarce_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o he_o tell_v i_o further_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 77_o degree_n his_o ship_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n till_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n and_o the_o ice_n open_v he_o fail_v through_o it_o part_v of_o it_o pass_v along_o towards_o hudson_n strait_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o mountain_n of_o ice_n much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v near_o they_o by_o a_o storm_n the_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o quash_v that_o they_o immediate_o find_v a_o calm_a title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n snow_n what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o
and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n 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ordinary_a the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pipe_n occasion_v the_o hot_a water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o cold_a water_n postcript_n accidental_o look_v upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n i_o find_v that_o though_o that_o author_n oppose_v aristotle_n in_o other_o point_n yet_o he_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o hot_a water_n cool_v will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o ordinary_a cold_a water_n but_o have_v try_v the_o experiment_n i_o observe_v that_o both_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v when_o by_o a_o weatherglass_n i_o find_v they_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n my_o domestic_a who_o attend_v they_o take_v notice_n also_o that_o they_o both_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o one_o time_n and_o though_o berigardus_n further_o wonder_n that_o warm_a salt-water_n shall_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o freeze_v for_o be_v salt_n yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o though_o salt_n external_o apply_v promote_v it_o yet_o internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o 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the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ice_n of_o wine_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o a_o butt_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n continue_v unthaw_v in_o may._n purchas_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o find_v lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v 20_o fathom_n under_o water_n and_o 12_o above_o and_o the_o other_o 18_o fathom_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o 10_o above_o it_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o purchas_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o russia_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n make_v it_o fruitful_a cold._n of_o the_o separation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n cold_a
not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v 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produce_v a_o cold_a effervescense_n with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o a_o considerable_a intumescense_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o glass_n which_o contain_v it_o will_v grow_v cold_a than_o before_o and_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n which_o will_v reach_v as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n but_o on_o the_o concave_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o be_v no_o dew_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o mixture_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o sweat_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n since_o it_o taste_v not_o in_o the_o least_o of_o saline_a ingredient_n but_o lest_o our_o sense_n shall_v misinform_v we_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o this_o mixture_n we_o at_o another_o time_n immerse_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n subside_v above_o four_o inch_n low_a than_o in_o common_a water_n though_o the_o acid_n liquor_n itself_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o room_n with_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v
in_o both_o successive_o and_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v cast_v into_o water_n scarce_o make_v it_o sensible_o cold_a nor_o do_v the_o glass_n wherein_o this_o salt_n be_v keep_v disclose_v any_o remarkable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o even_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n itself_o when_o the_o ebullition_n be_v over_o appear_v not_o cold_a than_o common_a water_n in_o a_o night_n time_n so_o that_o the_o coldness_n depend_v pure_o upon_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ferment_a liquor_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o spirit_n that_o be_v draw_v off_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o salt_n and_o which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o sense_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o instead_o of_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n it_o produce_v a_o lukewarm_a heat_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v further_o subjoin_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n above_o mention_v will_v produce_v a_o cold_a ferment_n with_o the_o dry_a salt_n 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effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n will_v produce_v heat_n when_o mix_v again_o with_o that_o water_n which_o show_v that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o impress_v upon_o all_o calcine_v body_n that_o will_v heat_n with_o water_n what_o pass_v for_o a_o empyreum_fw-la and_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o igneous_a part_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n press_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o motion_n so_o as_o to_o produce_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o ferment_n depend_v upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o salt_n i_o be_o persuade_v and_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o since_o sal-armon_a dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o boil_v to_o a_o dry_a salt_n be_v not_o so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o fiery_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o heat_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o water_n again_o but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o one_o will_v expect_v a_o great_a cognation_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n adhere_v to_o quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n whole_o inflammable_a yet_o the_o latter_a pour_v upon_o the_o former_a do_v not_o produce_v any_o sensible_a incalescence_n or_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o when_o this_o spirit_n be_v soak_v into_o it_o i_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o without_o perceive_v the_o least_o heat_n or_o the_o lime_n break_v till_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v suck_v into_o the_o most_o capacious_a pore_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o associate_a with_o the_o water_n render_v it_o more_o unfit_a to_o
that_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o call_v it_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n but_o though_o general_o it_o be_v colourless_a and_o transparent_a yet_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v opake_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n compare_v with_o each_o other_o 2._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o though_o consistent_a yet_o not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n but_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o a_o solid_a body_n like_o the_o unmelted_a tallow_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o may_v be_v melt_v in_o hot_a liquor_n without_o waste_n but_o in_o the_o air_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consume_v as_o to_o sense_n it_o be_v cold_a but_o be_v of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o it_o easy_o become_v hot_a upon_o agitation_n 3._o when_o hold_v in_o the_o air_n it_o yield_v a_o vivid_n light_n if_o wet_v over_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o not_o only_o shine_v but_o emit_v store_n of_o effluvia_fw-la as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n it_o cease_v to_o shine_v and_o also_o to_o smoke_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o it_o begin_v afresh_o and_o if_o part_v be_v immerse_v and_o part_n above_o water_n the_o latter_a will_v shine_v vivid_o though_o the_o other_o will_v not_o immerse_v the_o quality_n of_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v 4._o the_o water_n in_o which_o this_o noctiluca_n have_v be_v sometime_o immerse_v have_v a_o strong_a and_o penetrant_fw-la taste_n like_o a_o mixture_n of_o brine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o relish_v a_o little_a of_o vitriol_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o small_a concave_a vessel_n of_o silver_n over_o light_a coal_n and_o ash_n it_o evaporate_v very_o slow_o and_o will_v not_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n nor_o afford_v a_o dry_a salt_n but_o coagulate_v into_o a_o substance_n like_o a_o jelly_n or_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o melt_v by_o heat_n when_o keep_v on_o a_o hot_a fire_n it_o will_v first_o boil_v and_o then_o make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o the_o explosion_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o flash_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o if_o they_o be_v small_a be_v general_o blue_a like_a flame_n of_o sulphur_n but_o more_o vivid_n and_o sometime_o bluer_n but_o the_o great_a flake_n appear_v yellow_a and_o very_a luminous_a and_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v off_o when_o this_o matter_n be_v almost_o melt_v by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v it_o acquire_v a_o rosinous_a consistence_n and_o tinge_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blue_a by_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o it_o it_o acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n all_o night_n it_o turn_v to_o a_o liquor_n almost_o as_o strong_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n again_o it_o will_v afford_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n as_o before_o but_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o before_o break_v out_o in_o flash_n sometime_o rise_v only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n of_o a_o rank_a smell_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v small_a yet_o it_o afford_v flash_n plentiful_o for_o a_o hour_n not_o what_o liquor_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o cold_a water_n though_o the_o water_n will_v be_v thereby_o impregnate_v so_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la impregnates_fw-la wine_n or_o water_n without_o have_v its_o bulk_n diminish_v it_o ferment_v not_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal-armon_a nor_o do_v it_o lose_v its_o luminous_a virtue_n but_o will_v shine_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o cold_a will_v not_o dissolve_v it_o but_o when_o hot_a will_v melt_v it_o and_o it_o will_v lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o liquor_n aqu._n fortis_fw-la have_v not_o visible_a effect_n on_o it_o nor_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n when_o cold_a but_o the_o latter_a be_v hot_a it_o whole_o vanish_v in_o a_o night_n time_n without_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o melt_v by_o a_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o vial_n unstop_v it_o yield_v not_o only_o a_o light_n that_o be_v render_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o stander-by_n by_o its_o grateful_a smell_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v with_o oil_n of_o clove_n in_o which_o liquor_n when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o vial_n be_v open_v in_o a_o dark_a place_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o flash_n of_o flame_n very_o vivid_v which_o will_v last_v a_o minute_n and_o sometime_o if_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o the_o room_n the_o shine_a fluid_n will_v appear_v of_o a_o pleasant_a blueish_a colour_n and_o another_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o light_n will_v vanish_v whilst_o store_n of_o white_a fume_n remain_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o if_o the_o light_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a part._n in_o oil_n of_o mace_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v luminous_a nor_o in_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n this_o noctiluca_n continue_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o considerable_a time_n undiminish_a 6._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v include_v in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o leave_v some_o earthly_a part_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o do_v not_o discolour_v it_o upon_o unstop_v the_o vial_n no_o light_n appear_v but_o be_v drop_v into_o cold_a water_n the_o drop_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o those_o flash_n immediate_o disappear_v the_o water_n not_o be_v luminous_a which_o phaenomenon_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n i_o drop_v the_o impregnated_a spirit_n upon_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v that_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n succeed_v and_o this_o noctiluca_n diffuse_v its_o virtue_n so_o far_o that_o one_o grain_n impregnate_v a_o thousand_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o flash_n so_o sudden_o disappear_v it_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o sudden_a dispersion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n through_o the_o water_n and_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n so_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o drop_v upon_o cold_a water_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v immediate_o disperse_v through_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n discover_v a_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o part_n in_o the_o glacial_n noctiluca_n have_v dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n in_o a_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v gradual_o fifty_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n the_o noctiluca_n render_v the_o whole_a light_n when_o shake_v in_o the_o dark_a so_o that_o one_o grain_n render_v 100000_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o liquor_n luminous_a and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o steam_n appear_v luminous_a but_o the_o light_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a water_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o the_o exhalation_n which_o shine_v through_o that_o diaphanous_a water_n though_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v shake_v the_o whole_a mass_n appear_v luminous_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v a_o grain_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n dissolve_v in_o alkohol_n of_o wine_n and_o shake_v in_o water_n it_o render_v 400000_o time_n its_o weight_n luminous_a throughout_o and_o at_o another_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o impregnate_v 500000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o part_n of_o cochineel_n can_v communicate_v its_o colour_n to_o the_o utmost_a be_v 125000_o part_n of_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n â…›_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v undissolve_v and_o have_v we_o to_o the_o aforementioned_a estimate_n add_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o illuminate_v ambient_fw-la air_n the_o expansion_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n will_v have_v be_v 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when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o incumbent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o able_a to_o break_v it_o though_o when_o a_o man_n hand_n be_v place_v there_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v it_o till_o some_o of_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o pressure_n which_o hold_v his_o hand_n down_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o foot_n high_a but_o to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o liquid_n upon_o solid_n contain_v in_o they_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a trial_n experiment_n i_o two_o and_o iii_o have_v place_v a_o egg_n betwixt_o two_o bladder_n half_o blow_v in_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o cautious_o put_v a_o plug_n upon_o they_o with_o as_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o as_o amount_v to_o thirty_o pound_n i_o place_v they_o all_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o expand_a bladder_n must_v needs_o press_v equal_o against_o the_o egg_n and_o the_o plug_n 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thorax_n may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o compress_v than_o other_o part_n yet_o that_o part_n be_v natural_o dilate_v and_o contract_v a_o little_a pressure_n may_v make_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o diver_n that_o at_o a_o consicerable_a depth_n he_o perceive_v a_o painful_a pressure_n upon_o the_o drum_n of_o his_o ear_n till_o he_o contrive_v a_o way_n to_o guard_v they_o from_o that_o inconveniency_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o in_o that_o part_n there_o be_v not_o a_o equal_a internal_a pressure_n to_o resist_v and_o counterbalance_v the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n chap._n v._o a_o invention_n for_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n with_o ordinary_a balance_n or_o weight_n communicate_v in_o the_o pub._n transact_v of_o aug._n 16._o 1669._o a_o bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pullet_n egg_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n turn_v upon_o at_o the_o end_n be_v heat_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v most_o of_o it_o expel_v seal_v up_o and_o then_o be_v by_o a_o convenient_a weight_n of_o lead_n immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o counterpoise_v and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o with_o a_o forceps_n so_o much_o water_n get_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n as_o require_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o eight_o grain_n to_o reduce_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la which_o be_v do_v we_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n into_o another_o glass_n which_o be_v counterpose_v and_o we_o find_v that_o it_o weigh_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o grain_n which_o together_o with_o what_o be_v evaporate_v and_o lose_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o apex_n amount_v to_o the_o weight_n first_o mention_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n weight_v as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n which_o according_a to_o the_o best_a computation_n we_o can_v make_v succeed_v a_o second_o time_n in_o a_o large_a bubble_n as_o for_o the_o objection_n which_o mr._n george_n sinclair_n have_v make_v to_o this_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o author_n that_o he_o only_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o expression_n i_o shall_v wave_v what_o he_o there_o say_v as_o not_o at_o all_o requisite_a in_o this_o place_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v to_o explain_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n viz._n that_o it_o gravitates_fw-la or_o weigh_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o tend_v downward_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o specific_a weight_n though_o it_o do_v not_o preponderate_a that_o be_v the_o parcel_n of_o water_n weigh_v have_v but_o a_o equal_a tendency_n downward_o with_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n but_o upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n it_o preponderate_v as_o much_o as_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v its_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n chap._n vi_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o by_o new_a experiment_n before_o i_o proc_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o though_o i_o can_v ready_o assent_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a conclusion_n lay_v down_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n discourse_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v they_o by_o i_o must_v own_v i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o they_o since_o he_o make_v use_v of_o such_o as_o require_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v sit_v under_o water_n fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tube_n lean_v upon_o his_o thigh_n but_o he_o neither_o acquaint_v we_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o continue_v there_o or_o how_o he_o shall_v discern_v the_o alteration_n in_o the_o mercury_n or_o other_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n beside_o such_o experiment_n as_o he_o propose_v require_v tubes_fw-la twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o vessel_n as_o many_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v get_v in_o england_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o obtain_v from_o a_o tradesman_n brass_n cylinder_v or_o plugg_n make_v with_o so_o much_o mathematical_a exactness_n as_o he_o propose_v have_v therefore_o contrive_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n contain_v in_o the_o forego_n paradox_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o examine_v they_o i_o shall_v premise_v a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o way_n of_o postulatum_fw-la or_o a_o lemma_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o if_o a_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n have_v the_o low_a of_o they_o under_o water_n there_o pass_v a_o imaginary_a plain_n which_o touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o likewise_o as_o to_o sense_n to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v consonant_n second_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v even_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o this_o plain_n will_v equal_o press_v on_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o but_o three_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o this_o plain_a than_o another_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v under_o that_o stone_n will_v be_v displace_v as_o the_o stone_n subside_v successive_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o there_o be_v less_o pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a than_o on_o another_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o part_n so_o high_a till_o the_o liquor_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plain_n gravitates_fw-la equal_o as_o the_o water_n
deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n these_o liquor_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o mingle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o instead_o of_o fair_a water_n 06_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o sea-salt_n when_o the_o other_o be_v not_o easy_o get_v and_o when_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n along_o with_o the_o other_o two_o and_o by_o depress_v a_o tube_n into_o they_o with_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n exhibit_v very_o please_a phaenomena_n paradox_n ii_o that_o a_o light_a fluid_n may_v gravitate_fw-la or_o weigh_v upon_o a_o heavy_a paradox_n 2_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a since_o all_o body_n have_v a_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v to_o press_v downward_o though_o sometime_o they_o have_v a_o respective_a levity_n as_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n emerge_n in_o water_n yet_o nevertheless_o that_o relative_a levity_n argue_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o since_o though_o when_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n notwithstane_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o weight_n he_o will_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a tendency_n of_o it_o downward_o but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a see_v plate_n second_o fig._n 2._o where_o suppose_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n i_o g_o 2._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 2._o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n to_o the_o immaginary_a surface_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n i_o h_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o oil_n it_o will_v equal_o ponderate_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o as_o the_o light_a oil_n k_o e_o l_o i_o and_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v deep_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v not_o equiponderant_a with_o the_o extenal_a oil_n the_o oil_n will_v though_o a_o light_a body_n in_o specie_fw-la rise_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o buoy_n up_o the_o water_n again_o the_o bubble_n x_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o glass_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o air_n which_o be_v light_a 3._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 3._o or_o partly_o of_o water_n itself_o which_o be_v specifical_o as_o heavy_a as_o long_o as_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v be_v light_a than_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n it_o will_v float_v but_o if_o it_o grow_v heavy_a it_o will_v sink_v and_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n by_o which_o the_o include_v air_n may_v be_v compress_v the_o bubble_n will_v subside_o but_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o air_n expand_v itself_o again_o it_o will_v as_o soon_o emerge_n the_o water_n that_o be_v before_o suck_v in_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v expel_v but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o second_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o have_v put_v a_o glass-bubble_n pretty_a well_o poise_v into_o a_o tube_n fill_v within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n with_o water_n it_o swim_v there_o till_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o then_o more_o water_n be_v force_v into_o the_o bubble_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n it_o present_o subside_v but_o when_o part_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v take_v off_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n force_v the_o impress_a water_n out_o again_o the_o bubble_n present_o immerge_v and_o for_o a_o further_a confimation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n swim_v in_o a_o tube_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n though_o depress_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o wire_n yet_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o again_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o before_o but_o if_o it_o be_v hold_v under_o water_n till_o more_o be_v pour_v in_o and_o till_o it_o rise_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v depress_v it_o but_o if_o that_o water_n be_v gradual_o take_v off_o the_o bubble_n will_v present_o emerge_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v why_o in_o these_o trial_n i_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o in_o such_o slender_a pipe_n as_o the_o first_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n flow_v down_o one_o side_n the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n will_v rise_v on_o the_o other_o which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n shall_v teach_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n fill_v with_o mercury_n be_v immerse_v fourteen_o foot_n under_o water_n if_o the_o tube_n be_v fourteen_o foot_n long_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o whole_o run_v out_o but_o continue_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o i_o the_o more_o wonder_n at_o it_o since_o probable_o the_o impetus_fw-la will_v make_v it_o descend_v and_o since_o the_o like_a will_v not_o succeed_v with_o much_o more_o favourable_a circumstance_n betwixt_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n paradox_n iii_o paradox_n 3_o that_o if_o a_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_o than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v press_v upward_o by_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v it_o beneath_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o first_o paradox_n for_o wherever_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v beneath_o the_o real_a one_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v incumbent_n on_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n that_o part_n on_o which_o the_o immersed_a body_n chance_v to_o lean_v must_v have_v a_o proportionable_a endeavour_n upward_o and_o if_o that_o endeavour_n be_v great_a than_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o though_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o overpower_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o yet_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o water_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resist_v the_o subside_v of_o that_o body_n and_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n for_o as_o more_o oil_n be_v externa_o pour_v on_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v and_o buoy_v up_o in_o the_o pipe_n by_o the_o subjacent_a oil_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o oil_n do_v not_o press_v against_o it_o beneath_o and_o even_o when_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o latter_a press_n upward_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o resist_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a whether_o we_o suspend_v oil_n in_o water_n or_o water_n in_o oil_n and_o that_o the_o water_n make_v a_o resistance_n to_o body_n that_o descend_v in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 4._o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a scheme_n for_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n e_o f_o to_o contain_v oil_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o when_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n without_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v drop_n of_o oil_n will_v fall_v out_o but_o much_o more_o slow_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o will_v not_o break_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n but_o further_a it_o not_o only_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o since_o as_o long_o as_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v in_o aequilibrium_fw-la they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v each_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n but_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o a_o liquor_n of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o water_n be_v place_v in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v remain_v in_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o water_n obstruct_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o itself_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o lead_n be_v let_v down_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o scale_n in_o the_o air_n will_v manifest_o preponderate_v which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o resistance_n of_o fluid_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o body_n may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o
water_n be_v raise_v by_o it_o as_o wood_n and_o drop_n of_o oil_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o low_a part_n n_n than_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o the_fw-mi be_v a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n a_o k._n b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h._n b_o ay_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_n for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n it_o be_v consequent_o unable_a to_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wherever_o it_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n gradual_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o above_o and_o the_o other_o below_o and_o the_o low_a be_v long_a by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rise_a body_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o more_o or_o less_o swift_o as_o the_o low_a basis_n press_v more_o or_o less_o on_o the_o subjacent_a superficies_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o two_o piece_n of_o stick_n of_o a_o different_a length_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o long_a rise_v the_o fast_o for_o if_o o_o p_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o q_o r_o but_o one_o and_o both_o rest_v upon_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n the_o one_o have_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o foot_n long_o to_o resist_v its_o rise_n than_o the_o other_o and_o as_o the_o emerge_a body_n rise_v slow_a as_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a pillar_n of_o water_n be_v less_o so_o thence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o some_o liquor_n who_o whiteness_n depend_v on_o the_o intermixture_n of_o drop_n be_v so_o long_a a_o rise_n the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o render_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a pillar_n of_o air_n inconsiderable_a but_o as_o these_o drop_n by_o move_v up_o and_o down_o unite_v into_o large_a the_o difference_n grow_v more_o considerable_a they_o be_v according_o buoy_v up_o in_o less_o time_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 2._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 2._o that_o these_o body_n float_v upon_o water_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o wood_n be_v by_o its_o specify_v gravity_n only_o so_o far_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vial_n a_o b._n c_o d_o till_o the_o water_n about_o it_o make_v a_o equal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n x_o w_n and_o because_o the_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la as_o water_n therefore_o part_n be_v keep_v emerge_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a port_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v place_v several_a mark_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o float_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o water_n put_v just_a so_o much_o water_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o those_o mark_n by_o that_o mean_v i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o float_a vessel_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o end_n may_v be_v obtain_v another_o way_n viz._n by_o first_o fill_v a_o cistern_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n by_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o know_a capacity_n and_o then_o have_v empty_v it_o again_o for_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v in_o that_o cistern_n or_o pond_n and_o water_n put_v into_o the_o cistern_n again_o till_o it_o float_v the_o vessel_n and_o fill_v the_o cistern_n or_o pond_n full_a as_o much_o as_o it_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n first_o contain_v in_o the_o cistern_n so_o much_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a body_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v however_o to_o make_v it_o plain_o if_o possible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v suck_v up_o about_o a_o inch_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o whilst_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o one_o thumb_n it_o be_v depress_v in_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o then_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o that_o and_o when_o one_o thumb_n be_v take_v off_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o external_a fluids_n will_n by_o their_o pressure_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n though_o not_o quite_o so_o high_a as_o the_o oil_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n and_o that_o light_a than_o itself_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o may_v illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o water_n be_v buoy_v up_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n by_o the_o rise_a sucker_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v within_o the_o pipe_n i_o take_v likewise_o a_o small_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v immerse_v it_o a_o inch_n in_o quicksilver_n i_o put_v my_o thumb_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o i_o have_v immerse_v the_o tube_n eighteen_o inch_n in_o oil_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n it_o be_v not_o only_o keep_v from_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o raise_v a_o little_a and_o as_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v some_o of_o the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v out_o so_o when_o it_o be_v depress_v the_o mercury_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o external_a liquor_n upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o to_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o nine_o or_o thirty_o digit_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o three_o or_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a paradox_n five_o paradox_n v._o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o several_a pipe_n though_o those_o pipe_n be_v of_o very_o different_a diameter_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v represent_v in_o fig._n 6._o plate_n the_o second_o 2._o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n 2._o for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o that_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o that_o cork_n have_v four_o hole_n in_o three_o of_o which_o the_o pipe_n be_v fix_v and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o tunnel_n and_o if_o when_o so_o much_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o as_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n down_o low_o and_o the_o oil_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v into_o the_o pipe_n l._n m._n n._n by_o its_o weight_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v to_o o_o p_o q_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o rest_v at_o e_o f_o be_v depress_v down_o to_o i_o k_o upon_o which_o imaginary_a surface_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tubes_fw-la answerable_a to_o their_o bulk_n make_v a_o equivalent_a pressure_n with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a oil_n of_o the_o same_o boar_n the_o water_n must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o all_o except_o the_o last_o pipe_n be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o
difference_n on_o that_o account_n be_v easy_o distinguish_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o allowance_n n._n b._n when_o the_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o put_v some_o cotton_n wool_n in_o it_o to_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o fall_a stream_n lest_o the_o violence_n of_o it_o shall_v prejudice_v the_o experiment_n paradox_n vi_o if_o a_o body_n place_v under_o water_n paradox_n vi_o with_o its_o uppermost_a surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horrizon_n how_o much_o water_n soever_o there_o may_v be_v on_o this_o or_o that_o side_n above_o the_o body_n the_o direct_a pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o body_n for_o we_o now_o consider_v not_o the_o lateral_a or_o the_o recoil_n pressure_n to_o which_o the_o body_n may_v be_v expose_v if_o quite_o environ_v with_o water_n be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o column_n of_o water_n have_v the_o horizontal_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n for_o its_o basis_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n for_o its_o height_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o body_n be_v contain_v in_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o a_o perpendicular_a reach_v thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n though_o the_o pipe_n be_v much_o incline_v towards_o the_o horizon_n or_o though_o it_o be_v irregular_o shape_v and_o much_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n than_o the_o say_a orifice_n as_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n it_o be_v propose_v by_o stevinus_n in_o more_o general_a term_n and_o thus_o demonstrate_v see_v fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o second_o where_o suppose_v a_o b_o c_o d_o to_n be_v a_o solid_a rectangular_a figure_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n e_o f_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n and_o who_o height_n g_z e_z be_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o water_n the_o bottom_n d_o e_o e_o f_o and_o f_o c_o can_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o great_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v respective_o perpendicular_a because_o none_o of_o they_o can_v receive_v a_o additional_a weight_n from_o the_o water_n collateral_o but_o it_o must_v diminish_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n perpendicular_o incumbent_a on_o that_o other_o bottom_n else_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a weight_n upon_o the_o basis_n d_o e_o f_o c_o than_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o surface_n a_o b._n c_o d_o which_o be_v impossible_a to_o which_o instance_n of_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_v for_o if_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8_o plate_n the_o second_o and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n you_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o it_o be_v depress_v so_o low_o into_o the_o water_n that_o the_o oil_n be_v but_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v rest_v near_o that_o station_n when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v unstop_v and_o if_o it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n will_v force_v its_o way_n into_o the_o pipe_n so_o far_o as_o answer_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o oil_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o pipe_n be_v elevate_v above_o its_o first_o station_n as_o much_o oil_n will_v rise_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o emerge_n as_o answer_n in_o weight_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n remove_v by_o that_o mean_n from_o gravitate_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o water_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o pipe_n yet_o it_o press_v as_o regular_o upon_o subjacent_a body_n as_o if_o it_o be_v which_o will_v be_v evident_a if_o a_o vessel_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o funnel_n delineate_v in_o fig._n the_o 6_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o small_a stem_n of_o that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o whole_a incumbent_a water_n in_o confirmation_n of_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o plate_n the_o three_o figure_n the_o first_o represent_v 1._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 1._o and_o fill_v the_o parallel_a leg_n with_o oil_n and_o the_o other_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ball_n with_o water_n the_o oil_n be_v elevate_v no_o high_a in_o the_o long_a leg_n than_o if_o the_o less_o leg_n have_v be_v a_o uniform_a tube_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n and_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v reiterated_a with_o oil_n in_o the_o ball_n and_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n with_o itself_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o these_o experiment_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o ball_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o short_a leg_n c_o d_o till_o it_o wrought_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o as_o high_a in_o the_o long_a tube_n a_o b_o upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o the_o ball_n till_o it_o wrought_v to_o h_n e_o g_o where_o if_o more_o than_o what_o be_v perpendicular_o incumbent_a on_o the_o tube_n c_o have_v press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n but_o to_o confirm_v the_o second_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n 2._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 2._o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n such_o as_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o second_o represent_v and_o have_v fill_v the_o glass_n half_o full_a of_o water_n we_o stop_v it_o with_o a_o cork_n in_o which_o the_o pipe_n there_o delineate_v be_v fix_v and_o likewise_o the_o tunnel_n the_o bottom_n of_o each_o of_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o immerse_v considerable_o in_o water_n and_o then_o pour_v in_o oil_n through_o the_o tunnel_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v elevate_v to_o a_o equal_a height_n from_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o press_v on_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n though_o the_o pipe_n contain_v more_o water_n by_o be_v include_v yet_o that_o water_n press_v no_o more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n than_o a_o erect_a pipe_n of_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o if_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v poise_v in_o a_o pipe_n in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o then_o by_o inclination_n a_o great_a portion_n of_o it_o bring_v under_o water_n yet_o the_o external_a water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o be_v evident_a when_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v contain_v in_o three_o pipe_n of_o such_o figure_n as_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o three_o represent_v for_o in_o all_o such_o case_n 3._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 3._o where_o the_o pipe_n be_v in_o a_o incline_v posture_n or_o some_o part_n of_o they_o large_a than_o ordinary_a part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v weigh_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o no_o more_o press_n upon_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n than_o be_v answerable_a to_o a_o erect_a pipe_n of_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o low_a orifice_n and_o of_o equal_a height_n with_o a_o erect_a tube_n answerable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o one_o end_n of_o that_o pipe_n from_o the_o other_o to_o make_v out_o what_o stevinus_n have_v assert_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o subjacent_a body_n the_o basis_n will_v sustain_v a_o weight_n equal_a to_o that_o circular_a basis_n and_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o it_o we_o provide_v a_o vessel_n of_o laton_n 3._o see_v fig._n 4._o plate_n 3._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n twelve_o plate_n the_o three_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o close_a bottom_n c_o d_o make_v of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n cover_v with_o a_o soft_a bladder_n and_o grease_v on_o the_o low_a side_n near_o the_o edge_n that_o lean_v on_o the_o rim_n of_o wood_n g_o h_n contiguous_a every_o where_n to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o latin_a that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o lift_v up_o from_o off_o the_o rim_n and_o yet_o at_o other_o time_n lie_v
yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n as_o also_o a_o syphon_n with_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o to_o which_o be_v join_v a_o pipe_n e_o k_n and_o to_o each_o of_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o syphon_n we_o tie_v a_o glass_n pipe_n seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v water_n contain_v in_o each_o to_o the_o height_n there_o delineate_v thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n must_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o tube_n a_o b._n c_o d_o but_o that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o x_o in_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o water_n till_o it_o reach_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n f_o k_n g_o and_o then_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o the_o syphon_n and_o run_v into_o the_o low_a vessel_n h._n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v through_o a_o syphon_n by_o pressure_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o free_a communication_n of_o air_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o k_n without_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n in_o which_o experiment_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v ask_v why_o the_o water_n do_v not_o rather_o run_v out_o of_o the_o bipe_n h_n into_z g_z than_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o external_o the_o oil_n be_v deep_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n and_o consequent_o press_v more_o upon_o it_o yet_o the_o tube_n g_o on_o the_o other_o side_n instead_o of_o have_v that_o pressure_n of_o oil_n have_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a length_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o oil_n raise_v the_o water_n out_o of_o that_o tube_n more_o forcible_o than_o it_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o other_o and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o once_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o syphon_n though_o there_o be_v a_o long_o cylinder_n of_o air_n upon_o that_o end_n which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o low_a vessel_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n on_o the_o other_o because_o beside_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o water_n but_o if_o the_o syphon_n be_v above_o 34_o or_o 35_o foot_n high_a the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v through_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v unable_a to_o raise_v water_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o these_o experiment_n be_v that_o if_o when_o the_o water_n be_v run_v through_o these_o syphon_n a_o small_a hole_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o syphon_n the_o air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o well_o as_o without_o it_o it_o will_v cease_v to_o run_v though_o the_o hole_n be_v no_o big_a than_o one_o make_v with_o a_o needle_n which_o hole_n if_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o needle_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o syphon_n be_v render_v fit_a for_o use_v paradox_n xi_o paradox_n xi_o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n than_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o descent_n be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n to_o demonstrate_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o paradox_n 3._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 3._o we_o must_v fill_v the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o 4._o fig._n the_o three_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v near_o three_o foot_n in_o which_o water_n if_o we_o suppose_v the_o weight_n e_o f_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o specific_a gravity_n the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o other_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a be_v not_o equiponderant_a but_o if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v above_o nine_o time_n as_o thick_a as_o it_o they_o will_v counterbalance_v it_o for_o which_o reason_n be_v there_o no_o water_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v subside_v no_o further_o and_o be_v a_o method_n contrive_v to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o press_v upon_o it_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v suppose_v it_o to_o lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n l_o m._n and_o to_o show_v that_o be_v the_o weight_n so_o depress_v free_a from_o incumbent_a water_n it_o will_v not_o subside_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v then_o the_o brass_n body_n e_o f_o 4_o see_v plate_n 4_o fig._n 4_o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 4._o be_v the_o cover_n of_o a_o brass_n valve_fw-la the_o valve_n be_v fasten_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o glass_n pipe_n o_o p_o the_o body_n e_o f_o must_v by_o pull_v a_o hair_n fire_v to_o the_o button_n of_o valve_n q_n close_v the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v convey_v under_o water_n a_o foot_n deep_a the_o cement_n and_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n o_o p_o will_v keep_v the_o water_n off_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o consequent_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n v_o w_n will_v only_o be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o sole_a weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o but_o the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o surface_n by_o the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v bear_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v till_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n and_o near_o x_o in_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n the_o body_n will_v be_v no_o long_o support_v but_o if_o upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n when_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v let_v down_o to_o the_o surface_n r_o s_o a_o weight_n l_o be_v suspend_v at_o it_o that_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o 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in_o which_o the_o bucket_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o plain_a i_o k_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o string_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n g_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n not_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n h_n equal_o as_o the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o water_n below_o must_v buoy_v it_o up_o and_o though_o the_o bucket_n be_v make_v of_o something_o heavy_a than_o water_n yet_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v
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upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o i_o propose_v my_o own_o opinion_n brief_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_v and_o first_o monsieur_n des_fw-mi carry_v tell_v we_o 6._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 6._o that_o if_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o so_o as_o to_o stop_v the_o orifice_n a_o he_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n c_o b_o a_o incumbent_a on_o he_o but_o if_o he_o be_v place_v at_o b_o he_o will_v not_o be_v sensible_a of_o that_o weight_n because_o shall_v his_o body_n descend_v the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z c_z will_v not_o descend_v with_o he_o but_o suppose_v the_o orifice_n a_o to_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o solid_a that_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z a_o but_o since_o the_o principle_n already_o lay_v down_o overthrow_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o explication_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n true_a the_o reason_n will_v be_v that_o when_o his_o body_n be_v at_o a_o the_o man_n will_v sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n without_o any_o subjacent_a water_n at_o a_o to_o buoy_v up_o against_o he_o whereas_o at_o b_o the_o subjacent_a water_n buoy_v up_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o press_v down_o or_o more_o but_o stevinus_n hydrostat_n lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o say_v omni_fw-la pressu_fw-la quo_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la afficitur_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxatur_fw-la sed_fw-la isto_fw-la pressu_fw-la nulla_fw-la corporis_fw-la pars_fw-la luxatur_fw-la isto_fw-la igitur_fw-la pressu_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la nullo_n afficitur_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplo_fw-la clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la esto_fw-la a_fw-la b_o c_o d_o 7._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 7._o aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_o quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistomium_fw-la sibi_fw-la insertum_fw-la cvi_fw-la dorso_fw-la incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la sint_fw-la ab_fw-la aquae_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la which_o solution_n may_v hold_v if_o the_o question_n be_v only_a why_o the_o body_n of_o a_o diver_n be_v not_o press_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o for_o what_o he_o say_v viz._n that_o the_o equality_n and_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a i_o be_o of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o in_o the_o air_n the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v not_o perceivable_a for_o a_o like_a reason_n yet_o if_o one_o hand_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n exhaust_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v cause_v a_o sensible_a pain_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n and_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o divers_a may_v enable_v they_o to_o bear_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v a_o tad-pole_n in_o a_o instrument_n 8._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 8._o such_o as_o fig._n 8._o plate_n the_o four_o describe_v the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o so_o that_o the_o pressure_n upon_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n three_o hundred_o foot_n high_a yet_o the_o tad-pole_n move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o nimble_o as_o before_o be_v not_o at_o all_o indispose_v though_o its_o body_n appear_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o chap._n vii_o a_o hydrostatical_a discourse_n etc._n etc._n all_z that_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o discourse_n be_v chief_o a_o repetition_n 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must_v cause_v that_o bubble_n to_o be_v immerse_v deep_a in_o water_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o brass_n or_o copper_n will_v the_o brass_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o large_a dimension_n lose_v more_o of_o its_o weight_n than_o the_o gold_n the_o second_o section_n describe_v the_o construction_n of_o this_o instrument_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o metal_n or_o other_o matter_n which_o will_v float_v in_o the_o water_n without_o soak_v it_o in_o but_o the_o best_a for_o the_o use_n hereafter_o mention_v be_v those_o make_v of_o glass_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o lasting_a as_o those_o that_o consist_v of_o copper_n or_o silver_n this_o instrument_n be_v make_v of_o three_o part_n a_o ball_n the_o stem_n and_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o pipe_n the_o ball_n consist_v of_o two_o metalline_a plate_n each_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o convex_a glass_n and_o the_o cavity_n within_o must_v be_v so_o large_a that_o the_o
one_o so_o that_o these_o have_v a_o much_o less_o specific_a gravity_n than_o fossil_n stone_n a_o three_o use_n of_o this_o hydrostatical_a way_n of_o weigh_v body_n use_v iii_o may_v be_v to_o distinguish_v several_a species_n of_o body_n into_o subordinate_a species_n as_o the_o loadstone_n of_o several_a country_n be_v different_a in_o weight_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v norwegian_n and_o the_o english_a loadstone_n to_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o italy_n in_o which_o the_o island_n of_o elba_n abound_v with_o mine_n whereof_o one_o entire_a mass_n weigh_v a_o great_a many_o hundred_o of_o pound_n four_o use_v iv_o this_o method_n may_v enable_v we_o to_o distinguish_v counterfeit_a stone_n from_o those_o that_o be_v real_a and_o good_a since_o when_o they_o be_v hydrostatical_o weigh_v there_o will_v appear_v a_o manifest_a difference_n not_o only_o in_o adulterate_a coral_n but_o bezoar_v and_o other_o valuable_a stone_n five_o use_v five_o by_o this_o mean_n we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o genuine_a concretes_n use_v in_o medicine_n and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o genuine_a as_o also_o whether_o precious_a stone_n abound_v more_o or_o less_o with_o metalline_a ingredient_n but_o though_o sometime_o stone_n that_o be_v transparent_a may_v not_o be_v so_o plentiful_o impregnate_v with_o medicinal_a and_o mineral_n effluvia_fw-la yet_o consider_v the_o activity_n and_o great_a subtlety_n of_o some_o pigment_n the_o latter_a may_v be_v as_o powerful_a and_o that_o every_o sensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v impregnate_v by_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o pigment_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n if_o five_o grain_n of_o zaphora_n be_v mix_v with_o one_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o venice_n glass_n fine_o powder_v and_o keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o furnace_n with_o a_o violent_a hot_a fire_n it_o will_v give_v the_o whole_a a_o fine_a blue_a colour_n and_o if_o 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and_o if_o a_o organical_a body_n furnish_v with_o all_o the_o part_n requisite_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n be_v contain_v in_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n how_o minute_n must_v they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o since_o the_o egg_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v form_v bear_v but_o a_o small_a proportion_n to_o they_o when_o perfect_o form_v and_o even_o comparative_a observation_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o mite_n be_v ten_o day_n a_o hatch_n the_o rudiment_n of_o its_o body_n at_o the_o first_o must_v bear_v but_o a_o small_a proportion_n to_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o small_a egg_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o these_o creature_n be_v so_o very_o small_a yet_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o discern_v single_a hair_n grow_v upon_o their_o leg_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o matter_n minutely_o divide_v be_v this_o viz._n we_o dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a pour_v the_o solution_n into_o a_o tall_a cylinder_n four_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o successive_o fill_v it_o four_o time_n with_o distil_a water_n still_o pour_v it_o off_o into_o a_o conical_a glass_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n deduct_v from_o the_o joint_a weight_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o we_o find_v that_o one_o grain_n of_o copper_n be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o 28534_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n though_o its_o specific_a gravity_n be_v not_o half_a so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o fine_a gold_n and_o if_o we_o estimate_v the_o proportion_n not_o by_o weight_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o these_o body_n the_o bulk_n of_o water_n to_o copper_n be_v as_o nine_o to_o one_o the_o aforementioned_a number_n multiply_v by_o nine_o will_v give_v we_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o tinged_a and_o ting_a the_o body_n so_o that_o one_o grain_n of_o copper_n give_v a_o colour_n to_o 256806_o part_n of_o limpid_n water_n and_o by_o prosecute_a this_o experiment_n further_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o manifest_a tincture_n to_o above_o 385200_o and_o a_o faint_a but_o discernible_a one_o to_o above_o 513620_o time_n its_o bulk_n of_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n may_v enter_v in_o at_o very_o small_a pore_n i_o shall_v intimate_v the_o effect_n of_o cantharides_n hold_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o person_n and_o on_o the_o neck_n of_o my_o own_o bladder_n when_o apply_v outward_o to_o my_o neck_n and_o not_o only_a scaliger_n tell_v we_o of_o spider_n in_o gascony_n who_o virulent_a poison_n will_v penetrate_v the_o shoe_n of_o those_o that_o tread_v upon_o they_o but_o piso_n speak_v of_o a_o fish_n call_v amoreatim_o and_o by_o the_o portugal_n peise_z sola_o he_o say_v quae_fw-la mira_fw-la sane_fw-la efficacia_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la manum_fw-la vel_fw-la levissimo_fw-la attactu_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o pedem_fw-la licet_fw-la optime_fw-la calceatum_fw-la piscatoris_fw-la 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without_o make_v long_o and_o tedious_a excursion_n apply_v it_o chief_o to_o inanimate_a body_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v consider_v 1._o that_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o technical_a word_n form_n be_v indeterminate_a since_o it_o be_v not_o agree_v what_o be_v enough_o to_o determine_v what_o form_n body_n be_v of_o it_o be_v not_o only_o dispute_v whether_o water_n by_o be_v freeze_v lose_v its_o form_n or_o not_o but_o further_o several_a body_n have_v no_o particular_a form_n assign_v to_o they_o as_o ink_n gunpowder_n beer_n coal_n etc._n etc._n nay_o some_o body_n consider_v in_o different_a respect_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v more_o form_n than_o one_o as_o in_o vitrum_fw-la saturni_n which_o be_v make_v of_o lead_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o metal_n or_o glass_n since_o it_o have_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o both_o as_o fusibility_n transparency_n and_o brittleness_n and_o will_v contrary_a to_o common_a glass_n 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as_o thick_a as_o a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n so_o that_o the_o ascend_v fume_n may_v by_o compulsion_n act_n on_o the_o incumbent_a metal_n which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o retort_n in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n and_o have_v adapt_v a_o small_a receiver_n we_o continue_v a_o gradual_a fire_n for_o seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n and_o at_o the_o last_o increase_v it_o to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n which_o be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o furnace_n will_v permit_v the_o effect_n of_o which_o operation_n be_v the_o follow_v 1._o very_o little_a liquor_n be_v carry_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n but_o about_o ten_o ounce_n of_o sublimate_n be_v crust_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n the_o retort_n contain_v two_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o running_n mercury_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v be_v the_o acid_n spirit_n unite_n with_o the_o copper_n leave_v the_o mercury_n unaffected_a 2._o when_o the_o
fire_n be_v increase_v the_o matter_n begin_v to_o melt_v in_o the_o retort_n make_v a_o noise_n not_o unlike_a to_o vitriol_n when_o bring_v to_o a_o fusion_n in_o a_o calcine_v pot_n which_o circumstance_n constant_o accompany_v this_o experiment_n whereas_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v we_o scarce_o can_v find_v either_o in_o the_o retort_n or_o receiver_n the_o least_o run_v mercury_n 3._o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o retort_n be_v heavy_a by_o more_o than_o two_o ounce_n some_o of_o the_o plate_n be_v too_o thick_a and_o yet_o retain_v their_o shape_n and_o malleableness_n the_o other_o be_v change_v into_o a_o brittle_a lump_n like_o a_o piece_n of_o good_a benjamin_n which_o when_o break_v be_v of_o divers_a colour_n and_o almost_o transparent_a 4._o but_o this_o lump_n be_v divide_v into_o small_a piece_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o white_a paper_n in_o a_o night_n time_n it_o be_v colour_a like_a verdigreese_v on_o the_o outside_n which_o by_o its_o long_a continuance_n in_o the_o air_n penetrate_v deep_o yet_o the_o paper_n which_o it_o stain_v be_v tinge_v with_o a_o green_a incline_v to_o yellow_a and_o here_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o the_o air_n which_o alter_v some_o of_o these_o fragment_n so_o that_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o powder_n like_o viride_fw-la aeris_fw-la notwithstanding_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o close_a box._fw-la 5._o here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o several_a copper_n plate_n off_o which_o sulphur_n have_v be_v draw_v have_v not_o their_o shape_v alter_v in_o the_o least_o but_o be_v colour_v over_o with_o a_o white_a silver_n colour_n which_o penetrate_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o they_o be_v much_o more_o glorious_a within_o than_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o metal_n so_o that_o we_o suspect_v the_o sublimate_n to_o be_v adulterate_v with_o arsenic_n but_o that_o it_o retain_v its_o malleableness_n which_o arsenic_n usual_o take_v away_o 6._o we_o think_v it_o more_o considerable_a because_o the_o venus_n of_o the_o copper_n be_v so_o unlock_v that_o the_o foremention_v transparent_a substance_n will_v melt_v like_o rosin_n and_o burn_v with_o a_o last_a flame_n if_o lay_v on_o a_o red-burning_a coal_n or_o hold_v to_o a_o candle_n much_o like_o the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n only_o more_o green_n to_o these_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o sublimate_n and_o copper_n i_o shall_v join_v some_o observe_v in_o the_o like_a experiment_n with_o sublimate_n and_o silver_n we_o put_v ten_o thin_a silver_n plate_n into_o a_o well-coated_n retort_n with_o double_a the_o weight_n of_o sublimate_n upon_o it_o which_o when_o sublimed_a the_o sublimate_n ascend_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n in_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v several_a portion_n of_o revive_v mercury_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o retort_n be_v a_o lump_n of_o matter_n which_o can_v scarce_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o glass_n but_o be_v brittle_a and_o of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a and_o much_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o lump_n be_v contain_v piece_n of_o silver_n very_o brittle_a but_o not_o total_o dissolve_v this_o rosin_n as_o that_o of_o copper_n when_o moisten_v by_o the_o air_n be_v in_o 24_o hour_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o greenish_a dust_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o result_n of_o sublimate_n work_v on_o the_o copper_n which_o silver_n be_v general_o alloy_v with_o or_o on_o the_o compound_v metal_n i_o will_v not_o dare_v to_o determine_v yet_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o painter_n to_o make_v a_o sine_fw-la kind_n of_o azure_a of_o silver_n by_o corrode_a it_o with_o saline_n body_n all_o that_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o our_o first_o trial_n be_v that_o this_o rosin_n when_o cast_v upon_o hot_a coal_n continue_v flame_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v very_o like_o that_o of_o copper_n but_o for_o a_o 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black_a one_o shall_v be_v the_o result_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o two_o white_a body_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o a_o body_n transparent_a like_o amber_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o so_o opacous_a a_o body_n as_o silver_n mix_v with_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o that_o silver_n instead_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o metal_n shall_v become_v a_o friable_a body_n and_o when_o cut_v with_o a_o sharp_a instrument_n like_o horn_n as_o also_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o body_n apt_a to_o take_v flame_n at_o a_o candle_n which_o before_o be_v difficult_a to_o melt_v these_o experiment_n be_v try_v to_o show_v how_o much_o these_o quality_n depend_v on_o the_o particular_a texture_n of_o body_n i_o take_v two_o distinct_a urinal_n and_o put_v gold_n fine_o laminate_v in_o one_o and_o refine_v gold_n in_o the_o other_o with_o a_o treble_a weight_n of_o sublimate_n to_o each_o which_o though_o raise_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n alter_v neither_o of_o they_o but_o in_o these_o experiment_n be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sand-furnace_n i_o can_v not_o employ_v a_o fire_n so_o strong_a as_o i_o can_v have_v wish_v for_o which_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v the_o phaenomena_n which_o our_o experiment_n may_v have_v otherwise_o afford_v but_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o experiment_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n viz._n that_o a_o further_a improvement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o experiment_n by_o make_v use_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o sublimate_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v obtain_v by_o raise_v several_a other_o body_n up_o with_o sublimate_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o instance_n for_o have_v sublimed_a a_o mixture_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o common_a sublimate_n in_o urinal_n place_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n i_o obtain_v a_o sublimate_n different_a from_o the_o former_a for_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v be_v drop_v into_o the_o common_a sort_n dissolve_v in_o water_n turn_v it_o into_o a_o orange-tawny_a colour_n but_o change_v a_o solution_n of_o the_o other_o into_o a_o liquor_n white_a like_o milk_n to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o new_a sublimate_n we_o sublimed_a it_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o retort_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v a_o cupreous_a rosin_n which_o will_v as_o the_o other_o abovementioned_a turn_v to_o verdigreese_v but_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n that_o the_o sublimate_n be_v tinge_v with_o a_o blewish-green_a by_o particle_n of_o the_o copper_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o also_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n be_v find_v near_o a_o ounce_n of_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o copper_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o open_v the_o texture_n of_o copper_n more_o powerful_o than_o the_o other_o preparation_n of_o sublimate_n texture_n the_o same_o method_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o body_n provide_v the_o 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mass_n in_o a_o viol_n cover_v with_o ash_n and_o be_v preserve_v in_o fusion_n for_o a_o little_a time_n afford_v a_o luna_n cornea_n but_o if_o instead_o of_o drop_v the_o salt_n upon_o the_o solution_n the_o same_o method_n just_a before_o lay_v down_o be_v take_v with_o the_o crystal_n yield_v by_o that_o solution_n moderate_o evaporate_v they_o will_v shoot_v into_o diaphanous_a brittle_a crystal_n much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o other_o metal_n endue_v with_o several_a other_o quality_n the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n weigh_v but_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o compound_v mass_n in_o the_o foregoing_a process_n the_o follow_a phaenomena_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n first_o that_o though_o acid_v and_o alcalyes_n have_v general_o contrary_a effect_n yet_o both_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o precipitate_v silver_n which_o evince_n that_o the_o precipitation_n of_o body_n be_v neither_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o alkalyes_n nor_o acid_v consider_v as_o such_o but_o to_o a_o mutual_a interposition_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n whereof_o those_o body_n consist_v second_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o body_n diaphanous_a and_o void_a of_o colour_n may_v be_v change_v into_o opacous_a and_o white_a one_o three_o that_o a_o white_a powder_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o yellow_a body_n in_o some_o measure_n transparent_a four_o that_o silver_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o saline_n part_n may_v be_v render_v so_o apt_a to_o fusion_n that_o it_o will_v melt_v like_o wax_n at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n five_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o either_o of_o the_o ingredient_n of_o this_o mix_v body_n will_v ready_o dissolve_v in_o water_n yet_o the_o composition_n will_v not_o six_o it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v that_o a_o body_n in_o texture_n not_o unlike_o a_o piece_n of_o horn_n shall_v be_v the_o result_n of_o a_o association_n of_o two_o rigid_a body_n wherefore_o to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o alteration_n depend_v on_o the_o texture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concrete_a result_v from_o a_o union_n of_o that_o with_o the_o crystal_n of_o silver_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a it_o be_v much_o more_o brittle_a and_o easy_o divide_v into_o part_n but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o a_o body_n compound_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o bitter_a and_o another_o of_o the_o sowere_v taste_n shall_v be_v itself_o insipid_a or_o of_o a_o different_a taste_n from_o either_o of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v yet_o as_o strange_a that_o salt_n so_o fugitive_a and_o apt_a to_o dissipate_v in_o the_o air_n as_o those_o of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n shall_v by_o acquire_v a_o new_a texture_n put_v 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neither_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a as_o acid_n do_v nor_o green_a as_o volatile_a and_o fix_a salt_n usual_o do_v and_o though_o spirit_n of_o ammoniac_a salt_n or_o urine_n will_v turn_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n white_a and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v give_v it_o a_o orange_a colour_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v by_o this_o nay_o though_o this_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o syrup_n of_o violet_n along_o with_o acid_n and_o alkalyes_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o hinder_v their_o effect_n though_o in_o dissolve_v several_a substance_n this_o salt_n exceed_v both_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o though_o by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n this_o salt_n whole_o sublime_v yet_o when_o mix_v with_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o fly_v away_o as_o other_o volatile_a salt_n do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v volatile_a yet_o it_o will_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o 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be_v modify_v afresh_o the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n digest_v for_o some_o time_n one_o part_n of_o sea-salt_n with_o a_o double_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n which_o be_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n till_o the_o caput_fw-la mortunm_n remain_v dry_a the_o follow_a change_n of_o quality_n will_v be_v observable_a first_o that_o it_o become_v a_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o will_v dissolve_v gold_n but_o not_o silver_n yet_o will_v precipitate_v the_o latter_a when_o dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la second_o the_o taste_n be_v more_o mild_a affect_v the_o sensory_a rather_o like_o nitre_n than_o common_a salt_n three_o it_o become_v fusible_a like_a salt-petre_n and_o like_o nitre_n dissolve_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n but_o four_o though_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n of_o sea-salt_n to_o resist_v the_o action_n of_o fire_n and_o of_o acid_n spirit_n to_o cool_v inflammation_n yet_o a_o lump_n of_o this_o matter_n cast_v upon_o coal_n flame_v like_o nitre_n as_o also_o by_o a_o addition_n of_o charcoal_n when_o melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n it_o will_v burn_v with_o a_o last_a and_o splendid_a flame_n which_o will_v again_o renew_v upon_o a_o fresh_a addition_n of_o burn_a charcoal_n but_o what_o i_o chief_o design_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o turn_v a_o acid_n into_o a_o alkaly_n alkaly_n a_o acid_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o alkaly_n which_o be_v effect_v by_o consume_v the_o more_o fugitive_n parth_n of_o the_o salt_n by_o repeat_v deflagration_n whereupon_o it_o acquire_v instead_o of_o a_o acid_n a_o lixiviate_v taste_n will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n into_o a_o orange_a colour_n and_o as_o other_o fix_a salt_n will_v ferment_n with_o even_a spirit_n of_o salt_n which_o alkalyzate_a nature_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o charcoal_n ash_n because_o the_o
what_o it_o have_v before_o but_o to_o render_v our_o present_a experiment_n more_o instructive_a i_o shall_v add_v another_o attempt_n to_o sublime_a gold_n after_o the_o follow_a method_n have_v then_o dissolve_v laminate_v gold_n in_o some_o of_o the_o above_o mention_v menstruum_fw-la we_o draw_v it_o off_o in_o a_o retort_n place_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n be_v elevate_v and_o either_o fell_a into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o golden_a colour_a liquor_n or_o shoot_v into_o red_a crystal_n like_o ruby_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n which_o in_o the_o air_n will_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o by_o a_o new_a affusion_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o remain_a calx_fw-la more_o of_o itwould_v still_o be_v elevate_v by_o distillation_n but_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n more_o serviceable_a it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o note_n that_o upon_o 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that_o its_o volatility_n depend_v on_o a_o mixture_n of_o volatile_a part_n which_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o when_o dissolve_v into_o very_a minute_n part_n so_o as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o swim_v in_o that_o vehicle_n experiment_n viii_o texture_n how_o so_o hard_a a_o body_n as_o silver_n etc._n etc._n may_v become_v a_o sour_a substance_n by_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n have_v dissolve_v a_o ounce_n of_o refine_a silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o permit_v it_o to_o crystalize_v we_o find_v that_o the_o silver_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o acid_n salt_n be_v increase_v in_o weight_n several_a drachm_n which_o distil_v in_o a_o retort_n with_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o make_v the_o retort_n red_a hot_a yield_v a_o phlegm_n eminent_o sour_a which_o show_v that_o a_o very_a bitter_a body_n may_v yield_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a taste_n for_o the_o liquor_n be_v cold_a in_o the_o receiver_n smoke_a as_o well_o as_o smell_v and_o 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experiment_n the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v also_o remarkable_a first_o that_o the_o salt_n which_o increase_v the_o silver_n in_o weight_n no_o more_o than_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n be_v able_a to_o sublime_a the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o fix_a body_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v mix_v with_o three_o several_a metal_n may_v produce_v as_o many_o different_a taste_n though_o the_o same_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v be_v successive_o make_v use_n of_o in_o those_o three_o experiment_n and_o howsoever_o vary_v in_o respect_n of_o order_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v likewise_o that_o part_n of_o the_o distil_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v pour_v on_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o saccharum_n saturni_n turn_v some_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o vitriol_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o be_v pour_v upon_o file_n of_o silver_n the_o silver_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n be_v coagulate_v into_o a_o bitter_a salt_n experiment_n ix_o because_o transmutation_n of_o body_n who_o texture_n be_v esteem_v primordial_a as_o those_o of_o the_o element_n and_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v ingredient_n of_o most_o composition_n here_o below_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o alter_a the_o texture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v what_o progress_n i_o have_v make_v in_o order_n to_o turn_v water_n into_o earth_n earth_n a_o transformation_n of_o water_n into_o earth_n have_v therefore_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n distil_v fair_a rain-water_n and_o several_a time_n re-distilled_a it_o again_o we_o find_v that_o after_o every_o distillation_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o white_a earth_n remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v more_o plentiful_o afford_v in_o the_o latter_a distillation_n than_o the_o first_o and_o therefore_o we_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v it_o can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n turn_v into_o earth_n which_o afford_v the_o follow_a phanomena_n viz._n 1._o be_v put_v into_o a_o microscope_n in_o the_o sunbeam_n exhibit_v phaenomena_n exhibit_v it_o appear_v to_o consist_v of_o part_n exceed_o fine_a which_o be_v as_o fine_a in_o the_o microscope_n as_o hair-powder_n usual_o be_v to_o the_o eye_n yet_o not_o in_o the_o least_o transparent_a 2._o be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o whitish_a colour_n as_o the_o powder_n of_o white_a marble_n usual_o do_v yet_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n it_o remain_v undissolve_v 3._o after_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o red-hot_a crucible_n it_o be_v neither_o diminish_v in_o quantity_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o the_o least_o smoke_n 4._o it_o exceed_v water_n in_o weight_n so_o as_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o twice_o its_o bulk_n of_o common_a water_n be_v almost_o as_o heavy_a as_o wood-ash_n free_v from_o their_o salt_n which_o to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 2_o â…™_n which_o do_v not_o much_o come_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o white_a glass_n which_o be_v twice_o and_o a_o half_o heavy_a than_o its_o weight_n of_o water_n so_o that_o from_o these_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o term_v the_o forementioned_a white_a substance_n earth_n consider_v likewise_o its_o fixedness_n and_o other_o quality_n but_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o glass_n in_o which_o it_o be_v distil_v be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o damage_v by_o this_o process_n as_o also_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n yield_v six_o drachm_n of_o powder_n earth_n water_n almost_o whole_o convertible_a into_o earth_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o water_n still_o remain_v behind_o so_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v no_o small_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o if_o element_n themselves_o may_v be_v transmute_v and_o artificial_o destroy_v by_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o their_o part_n why_o may_v not_o considerable_a change_n be_v effect_v also_o in_o other_o body_n by_o a_o local_a motion_n and_o a_o new_a manner_n and_o form_n of_o union_n of_o part_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o size_n since_o in_o this_o experiment_n the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v modify_v anew_o form_n a_o solid_a body_n of_o very_o different_a quality_n from_o what_o belong_v to_o it_o before_o as_o want_v of_o transparency_n solidity_n etc._n etc._n powder_n how_o water_n acquire_v the_o form_n of_o a_o solid_a powder_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o be_v so_o modify_v anew_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o rub_v upon_o one_o another_o by_o violent_a occursion_n may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o adapt_v as_o to_o stick_v together_o and_o to_o form_v several_a little_a moleculae_fw-la which_o be_v more_o condense_v and_o consequent_o heavy_a than_o water_n
can_v no_o long_o swim_v in_o it_o but_o obtain_v the_o several_a new_a quality_n before_o mention_v and_o that_o the_o change_n be_v thus_o effect_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o by_o a_o bare_a circulation_n in_o a_o just_a degree_n of_o heat_n quicksilver_n will_v assume_v the_o form_n of_o a_o powder_n which_o will_v not_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o fire_n as_o the_o mercury_n itself_o but_o this_o will_v be_v further_o illustrate_v by_o the_o ten_o experiment_n chemist_n inference_n draw_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o chemist_n therefore_o to_o draw_v inference_n from_o this_o experiment_n which_o may_v disfavour_v the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n if_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v change_v into_o earth_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o other_o ingredient_n of_o body_n may_v and_o in_o the_o analization_n of_o body_n there_o may_v be_v a_o transmutation_n of_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o a_o separation_n of_o 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body_n may_v act_v as_o menstruum_n in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o other_o not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v so_o change_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o plant_n as_o to_o become_v sharp_a and_o powerful_o penetrate_v whether_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass-vessel_n be_v diminish_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v likewise_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o water_n itself_o be_v true_o a_o homogeneous_a body_n which_o if_o it_o be_v it_o will_v be_v strange_a that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o plastic_a power_n or_o seminal_a principle_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o transmute_v since_o that_o a_o bare_a convention_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o fluid_a into_o a_o concrete_a shall_v alter_v their_o specific_a gravity_n be_v hard_o if_o not_o impossible_a to_o be_v parallel_v by_o art_n but_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o this_o powder_n will_v corrode_v it_o and_o that_o by_o a_o effusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n there_o be_v raise_v a_o considerable_a ferment_n as_o when_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o lapis_fw-la stellaris_fw-la so_o that_o i_o suspect_v the_o rain-water_n may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o some_o of_o the_o sandy_a part_n of_o glass_n dissolve_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o actuate_a the_o particle_n of_o it_o but_o this_o suspicion_n be_v partly_o take_v off_o because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a ebullition_n upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n with_o wood-ash_n which_o be_v clear_v of_o their_o salt_n in_o boil_a water_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o experiment_n we_o may_v further_o reflect_v upon_o the_o foregoing_a suspicion_n that_o if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o glass-vessel_n be_v in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v in_o this_o operation_n it_o will_v be_v a_o powerful_a instance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o insipid_a menstruum_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o form_n and_o quality_n 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ingredient_n general_o take_v for_o homogeneous_a body_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o change_n of_o body_n in_o themselves_o considerable_a may_v be_v effect_v by_o very_o easy_a mixture_n viz._n have_v by_o degree_n mix_v a_o equal_a weight_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n together_o and_o place_v they_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n stop_v close_o with_o hard_a wax_n and_o a_o cork_n digest_v the_o mixture_n in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n for_o some_o time_n then_o pour_v it_o out_o into_o a_o glass_n cucurbit_n lute_v on_o a_o head_n and_o a_o receiver_n to_o preserve_v the_o subtle_a spirit_n from_o fly_v away_o then_o with_o a_o moderate_a heat_n draw_v off_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o the_o drop_v begin_v to_o come_v over-sowrish_a then_o shift_v the_o receiver_n and_o careful_o go_v on_o with_o the_o distillation_n increase_v the_o fire_n till_o as_o much_o be_v draw_v off_o as_o you_o can_v keep_v the_o substance_n remain_v in_o the_o cucurbit_n in_o a_o glass_n well_o stop_v and_o secure_a from_o the_o air._n the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o spirit_n first_o draw_v from_o these_o two_o inodorous_a body_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o smell_v different_a from_o all_o other_o and_o part_n though_o pleasant_a and_o fragrant_a yet_o very_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a second_o that_o the_o liquor_n draw_v off_o last_o have_v a_o very_a strong_a sulphureous_a smell_n which_o stink_v and_o affect_v the_o sensory_a so_o powerful_o that_o it_o will_v almost_o take_v away_o one_o breath_n three_o this_o mixture_n yield_v a_o liquor_n which_o will_v mix_v with_o neither_o of_o the_o former_a yet_o be_v very_o subtle_a pleasant_a and_o aromatical_a four_o the_o substance_n remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o jet_v and_o withal_o very_o brittle_a five_o and_o though_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o liquor_n the_o one_o corrosive_a and_o the_o other_o inflammable_a and_o both_o of_o very_o pungent_a taste_n yet_o be_v it_o void_a of_o taste_n and_o can_v not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n if_o at_o all_o be_v bring_v to_o burn_v six_o neither_o will_v it_o be_v mix_v for_o some_o day_n with_o water_n though_o the_o oil_n and_o spirit_n ready_o diffuse_v themselves_o in_o that_o liquor_n beside_o it_o be_v of_o so_o very_o fix_v a_o nature_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v raise_v by_o a_o strong_a and_o last_a fire_n though_o both_o oil_n and_o vitriol_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v extreme_o volatile_a and_o now_o have_v thus_o in_o short_a lay_v down_o these_o experiment_n as_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o doctrine_n before_o deliver_v i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o this_o reflection_n viz._n that_o in_o all_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n that_o have_v be_v effect_v by_o art_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o depend_v on_o the_o imaginary_a substantial_a form_n of_o the_o school_n that_o they_o evident_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a effect_n of_o local_a motion_n so_o alter_v the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o body_n or_o otherwise_o transpose_v they_o as_o upon_o a_o fresh_a association_n and_o coalition_n of_o they_o to_o form_v new_a concretes_n of_o texture_n very_o different_a from_o the_o former_a and_o if_o motion_n bulk_n and_o shape_v together_o with_o peculiar_a texture_n be_v enough_o to_o cause_v so_o many_o different_a phaenomena_n as_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o other_o quality_n may_v not_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o same_o fertile_a principle_n since_o all_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n and_o art_n in_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o natural_a body_n lie_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o work_v of_o nature_n active_a and_o passive_a body_n casual_o meet_v together_o and_o
in_o the_o latter_a the_o different_a substance_n concern_v in_o every_o new_a production_n be_v bring_v together_o by_o a_o artist_n for_o in_o both_o the_o agent_n act_v as_o a_o natural_a agent_n chap._n x._o a_o experiment_n with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o differ_a part_n and_o redintegration_n of_o salt-petre_n salt-petre_a be_v a_o concrete_a so_o universal_o concern_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o most_o body_n that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a import_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n to_o inquire_v thorough_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v by_o consider_v how_o many_o substance_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o it_o or_o turn_v into_o it_o which_o will_v be_v brief_o intimate_v in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n salt-petre_n a_o attempt_n to_o redintegrate_a the_o form_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a method_n crystalize_v nitre_n we_o melt_v four_o ounce_n of_o it_o in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n throw_v in_o live-coal_n successive_o till_o it_o will_v kindle_v and_o fulminate_v no_o long_o and_o continue_v it_o in_o a_o strong_a fire_n a_o considerable_a time_n to_o dissipate_v the_o remain_a volatile_a part_n and_o then_o break_v the_o crucible_n we_o divide_v the_o fix_a nitre_n immediate_o into_o two_o portion_n one_o of_o which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a we_o drop_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n till_o the_o ebullition_n raise_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o liquor_n whole_o cease_v and_o then_o filtrate_v the_o mix_v liquor_n we_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-viol_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n undissolve_v we_o likewise_o drop_v the_o same_o spirit_n till_o the_o firmentation_n cease_v expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-jar_a in_o the_o former_a mixture_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v put_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n certain_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n stick_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n among_o which_o be_v several_a other_o crystal_n like_o mustardseed_n encompass_v with_o a_o downy_a substance_n the_o crystal_n the_o next_o day_n be_v considerable_o great_a be_v take_v out_o and_o both_o by_o their_o burn_a and_o shape_n appear_v to_o be_v nitrous_a nitrous_a salt_n be_v furnish_v with_o flat_a side_n which_o when_o opposite_a be_v usualy_a parallel_n and_o as_o for_o that_o downy_a matter_n which_o adhere_v to_o some_o of_o they_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o fix_a part_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v to_o be_v join_v together_o anew_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v we_o pour_v the_o remain_a liquor_n into_o a_o open_a glass-vessel_n which_o in_o about_o three_o weaks-time_n be_v again_o saturate_v with_o petre_n we_o pour_v it_o from_o the_o salt_n and_o evaporate_v it_o in_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o other_o mixture_n which_o be_v only_o fix_v nitre_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n for_o the_o most_o part_n present_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o salt_n which_o when_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o very_o irregular_a figure_n and_o in_o some_o part_n not_o much_o different_a in_o shape_n from_o salt-petre_n which_o it_o also_o much_o resemble_v in_o burn_v though_o the_o deflagration_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o but_o this_o salt_n together_o with_o the_o liquor_n swim_v upon_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o air_n for_o about_o a_o month_n long_o after_o evaportion_n the_o one_o half_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o burn_v much_o like_o petre_n and_o have_v a_o similar_v figure_n though_o a_o different_a taste_n and_o the_o other_o half_a be_v speedy_o exhale_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o distinct_a figure_n from_o all_o other_o experiment_n caution_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n now_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n clear_a the_o follow_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o fix_v the_o nitre_n new-coal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o crucible_n till_o the_o former_a be_v almost_o spend_v or_o be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o violent_a exhalation_n of_o nitrous_a and_o volatile_a part_n 2._o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n drop_n '_o upon_o the_o fix_a nitre_n be_v almost_o proportionable_a to_o the_o salt-petre_n spend_v in_o the_o fix_v of_o it_o 3._o that_o this_o fix_a nitre_n be_v very_o little_a different_a in_o taste_n from_o salt_n of_o tartar_n have_v the_o same_o aptness_n to_o absorb_n air_n and_o to_o relaxate_v in_o moist_a air_n yet_o it_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v betwixt_o a_o blue_n and_o a_o green_a one_o which_o it_o lose_v upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n salt-petre_n another_o method_n of_o reunite_a the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o this_o method_n be_v tedious_a i_o shall_v propose_v a_o way_n more_o expedition_n which_o be_v this_o have_v run_v fix_v nitre_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o by_o filtration_n separate_v it_o from_o its_o face_n we_o drop_v upon_o the_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n which_o after_o a_o ferment_n usual_a to_o a_o mixture_n of_o those_o liquor_n present_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n in_o shape_n as_o well_o as_o nature_n manifest_o nitrous_a method_n a_o three_o method_n another_o way_n we_o take_v be_v this_o have_v impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n in_o water_n with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o filtrate_v it_o through_o cap-paper_n the_o cool_a liquor_n in_o a_o short_a time_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o petre_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v again_o evaporate_v afford_v a_o fresh_a quantity_n of_o crystal_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a but_o lest_o the_o sal-petre_n re-produced_a by_o the_o coalition_n of_o these_o two_o body_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o lodge_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n and_o only_o to_o be_v unyoke_v by_o their_o solution_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o annex_v that_o the_o great_a quantity_n that_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o that_o mixture_n afford_v and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n less_o suspicious_a we_o impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o fix_a nitre_n tartar_n salt-petre_n obtain_v from_o pot-ash_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o filtration_n and_o evaparation_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n which_o 0103_o 0207_o five_o 3_o be_v very_o like_o salt-petre_n in_o taste_n as_o well_o as_o their_o deflagration_n upon_o live-coal_n we_o likewise_o obtain_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o salt-petre_n from_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n associate_v but_o to_o draw_v inference_n from_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o body_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mechanical_a motion_n together_o with_o the_o figure_n and_o disposition_n or_o modification_n of_o their_o part_n and_o first_o though_o salt-petre_n be_v a_o body_n inward_o and_o in_o itself_o cool_a yet_o the_o part_n of_o it_o different_o modify_v in_o our_o experiment_n be_v put_v together_o do_v immediate_o put_v each_o other_o into_o so_o violent_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o can_v with_o much_o ado_n hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n so_o that_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o quick_a motion_n of_o the_o fine_a particle_n of_o body_n since_o it_o no_o long_o continue_v in_o that_o mixture_n than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o agitation_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o viz._n the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o fix_a there_o be_v likewise_o produce_v a_o audible_a sound_n proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o swift_o and_o impetuous_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n a_o sound_v like_a to_o which_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o hot_a coal_n cast_v into_o water_n or_o into_o melt_a nitre_n in_o a_o crucible_n though_o the_o latter_a cause_n a_o sound_n much_o loud_o which_o sound_v probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o bullet_n or_o a_o stick_n where_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o percussion_n put_v the_o air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n will_v cause_v a_o sound_n as_o soon_o as_o that_o undulate_a motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o that_o sound_v no_o long_o continue_v than_o the_o part_n be_v violent_o agitate_a and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sound_n produce_v by_o the_o mutual_a conflict_n cease_v long_o before_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v acquire_v by_o that_o ebullition_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o intestine_a motion_n of_o part_n which_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v incapable_a of_o cause_v
those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n
we_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o manifest_o alter_v by_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o the_o mercury_n seem_v sometime_o to_o be_v a_o little_a more_o protuberant_a especial_o when_o the_o exhaust_v air_n be_v let_v in_o with_o any_o celerity_n but_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v observable_a be_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o the_o mercury_n and_o how_o much_o those_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o mention_a phaenomenon_n we_o leave_v other_o to_o try_v again_o have_v convey_v another_o cylinder_n into_o our_o receiver_n which_o contain_v a_o oil_n who_o superficies_n when_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o be_v convex_a we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o the_o oil_n lose_v its_o protuberant_a nor_o the_o water_n it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v appear_v what_o effect_n the_o pure_a aether_n will_v have_v upon_o such_o body_n be_v they_o remove_v out_o of_o this_o atmosphere_n experiment_n x._o though_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o scatter_a fluid_n and_o of_o condense_a vapour_n be_v usual_o globulous_a yet_o those_o observation_n be_v too_o transient_a to_o deduce_v from_o they_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o i_o may_v observe_v something_o more_o remarkable_a have_v mix_v fix_v nitre_n dissolve_v into_o a_o liquor_n by_o run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o exact_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o find_v that_o those_o two_o liquor_n though_o shake_v together_o will_v retain_v distinct_a surface_n i_o drop_v oil_n into_o the_o spirit_n which_o gradual_o subside_v till_o it_o touch_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v wine_n phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i._o that_o if_o the_o drop_n be_v small_a they_o retain_v a_o exact_a spherical_a figure_n be_v neither_o depress_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n nor_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n the_o oil_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ii_o if_o a_o aggregate_v of_o drop_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v depress_v the_o low_a so_o much_o as_o to_o form_v a_o plain_a on_o that_o side_n contiguous_a to_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o horizontal_a exceed_v the_o transverse_a diameter_n in_o length_n iii_o and_o if_o the_o quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v great_a it_o will_v so_o depress_v the_o low_a part_n as_o to_o form_v a_o imperfect_a hemisphere_n the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o have_v its_o plain_a and_o horizontal_a superficies_n parallel_n to_o that_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n iu._n but_o if_o the_o oil_n pour_v in_o be_v moderate_a as_o to_o quantity_n though_o at_o the_o first_o it_o will_v spread_v over_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitre_n yet_o by_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v compress_v and_o be_v so_o raise_v as_o to_o form_v either_o a_o hemisphere_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o a_o segment_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o even_o of_o a_o imperfect_a ellipsis_n to_o the_o production_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v v._o though_o these_o globule_n of_o oil_n will_v sometime_o ready_o mix_v and_o associate_v when_o bring_v together_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o will_v make_v a_o impression_n into_o one_o another_o without_o unite_n and_o again_o recover_v their_o former_a figure_n when_o permit_v to_o separate_v vi_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o if_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o spirit_n the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v acquire_v various_a figure_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n and_o if_o the_o agitation_n be_v strong_a several_a part_n be_v break_v off_o will_v form_v as_o many_o aggregate_n of_o a_o globular_a figure_n experiment_n xi_o turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v put_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o oil_n one_o of_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o turpentine_n into_o other_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o light_a oil_n will_v separate_v from_o the_o heavy_a with_o which_o it_o be_v incorporate_v i_o find_v that_o though_o it_o answer_v not_o my_o expectation_n yet_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o either_o of_o the_o oil_n be_v prevalent_a the_o mixture_n will_v either_o sink_v or_o swim_v in_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o to_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o when_o part_n of_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o part_n adhere_v to_o the_o glass_n the_o superficies_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v of_o figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a to_o be_v describe_v experiment_n xii_o exhibit_v several_a colour_n exhibit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v very_o clear_a it_o will_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v where_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v contiguous_a they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o mass_n except_o some_o dust_n swim_v upon_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a fall_n oblique_o upon_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o have_v pour_v a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o oil_n upon_o a_o deliquation_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n tinge_v with_o cochinele_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o hold_v the_o mixture_n in_o a_o certain_a position_n the_o plain_a superficies_n not_o only_o various_o refract_v the_o incident_a beam_n of_o light_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v several_a vivid_v reflection_n but_o the_o plain_a superficies_n appear_v almost_o as_o convex_a as_o that_o of_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o almost_o as_o strong_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n as_o a_o close_a specular_a body_n usual_o do_v which_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o alkali_fw-la altogether_o but_o may_v partly_o from_o the_o concurrent_a action_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o i_o observe_v to_o contribute_v to_o refraction_n when_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o endeavour_v to_o determine_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forementioned_a phaenomena_n but_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v observe_v first_o that_o neither_o the_o confine_a plain_n which_o separate_v these_o two_o liquor_n nor_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o red_a colour_n which_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n acquire_v second_o the_o liquor_n be_v chafe_v the_o uppermost_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o froth_n consist_v of_o body_n imperfect_o globular_a which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n will_v form_v a_o rude_a physical_a plain_n the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o which_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n very_o brisk_o and_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o froth_n become_v a_o little_o fine_a they_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n polish_a or_o a_o copper_n plate_n fresh_o immerse_v in_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o which_o phaenomena_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n that_o the_o confine_a surface_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a oil_n upon_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o a_o little_a strong_o reflective_a most_o of_o these_o phaenomena_n before_o mention_v be_v afford_v by_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o lemon_n instead_o of_o the_o former_a except_o that_o the_o 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that_o the_o compact_a texture_n of_o glass_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o like_a juxta-position_n of_o part_n since_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o may_v so_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n as_o to_o render_v they_o subtle_a enough_o for_o so_o strict_a and_o close_a a_o union_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o exclude_v air_n from_o betwixt_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o obvious_a that_o air_n can_v penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o when_o heat_v in_o distillation_n but_o in_o blow_v of_o glass_n where_o it_o have_v not_o the_o least_o vent_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o though_o impel_v with_o force_n yet_o its_o pore_n be_v fine_a enough_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n and_o likewise_o to_o the_o fine_a effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n without_o damage_v the_o texture_n of_o it_o in_o the_o least_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v more_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_a or_o ice_n be_v 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vacuum_n than_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v these_o consideration_n first_o that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o same_o reason_n will_v hold_v when_o a_o much_o more_o considerable_a weight_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a marble_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o then_o notwithstanding_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n they_o present_o part_v second_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o it_o which_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plausible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o will_v require_v as_o much_o force_n to_o separate_v the_o uppermost_a from_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n as_o to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n aequiponderant_fw-la with_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o it_o since_o there_o be_v neither_o air_n nor_o any_o other_o body_n betwixt_o the_o two_o stone_n to_o help_v to_o raise_v the_o low_o up_o and_o in_o part_n to_o 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glass_n syphon_n with_o a_o brass_n valve_v cement_v on_o one_o end_n almost_o half_a a_o yard_n in_o a_o tall_a cucurbite_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o bottom_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o the_o cucurbite_n which_o be_v do_v i_o take_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n put_v a_o ounce_n weight_n into_o one_o scale_n and_o fix_v a_o string_n to_o the_o other_o one_o end_n of_o the_o string_n be_v likewise_o fasten_v to_o the_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o single_a ounce_n i_o be_v able_a to_o open_v the_o valve_n whereas_o when_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o it_o be_v immerse_v again_o the_o valve_n will_v not_o be_v open_v
genere_fw-la imprimis_fw-la adamantina_fw-la saxa_n prima_fw-la acie_n costant_a ictus_fw-la contemnere_fw-la sueta_fw-la et_fw-la validi_fw-la salices_fw-la ac_fw-la duri_fw-la robora_fw-la ferri_fw-la aeraque_fw-la quae_fw-la claustris_fw-la restantia_fw-la vociferantur_fw-la and_o indeed_o the_o correspondent_a figure_n of_o body_n may_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o the_o same_o particle_n which_o before_o in_o two_o distinct_a body_n be_v liquid_a may_v by_o a_o union_n have_v their_o part_n so_o interweave_v with_o one_o another_o as_o to_o become_v solid_a a_o instance_n of_o which_o have_v be_v give_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n concern_v salt-petre_n where_o by_o a_o mixture_n of_o a_o liquor_n distil_v from_o nitre_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la a_o three_o substance_n will_v be_v obtain_v firm_a and_o brittle_a viz._n a_o saline_n body_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o mention_v with_o a_o different_a design_n by_o lul_n and_o hartman_n which_o be_v the_o follow_v viz._n if_o two_o part_n of_o rectified_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o one_o of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n exquisite_o dephlegm_v they_o will_v in_o a_o minute_n unite_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n but_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_a that_o the_o spirit_n must_v be_v more_o rectify_v than_o those_o usual_o make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o chemist_n and_o i_o shall_v further_o observe_v that_o have_v myself_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o try_v it_o i_o find_v that_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n well_o rectify_v will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n if_o make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n and_o it_o may_v be_v fit_a yet_o further_o to_o observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v such_o a_o predisposition_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fermented_a urine_n to_o coagulate_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o the_o high_a spirit_n of_o unfermented_a urine_n be_v of_o a_o different_a 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as_o a_o liquid_a when_o the_o glass_n be_v incline_v the_o second_o be_v that_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o dry_a body_n from_o whence_o nothing_o can_v be_v obtain_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o coagulum_fw-la just_o now_o mention_v the_o result_n of_o this_o mixture_n be_v a_o permanent_a liquor_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n which_o produce_v the_o coagulum_fw-la upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o urine_n be_v difficult_a to_o be_v perform_v since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o obtain_v spirit_n fine_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o purpose_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o more_o easy_a one_o which_o be_v that_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v add_v to_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n beat_v to_o a_o certain_a thinness_n the_o mixture_n will_v be_v so_o much_o coagulate_v as_o not_o to_o afford_v the_o least_o drop_n though_o the_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v be_v turn_v with_o the_o mouth_n downward_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n relate_v a_o experiment_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n be_v shake_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o present_o turn_v into_o such_o a_o coagulum_fw-la as_o will_v not_o yield_v one_o fluid_n drop_v in_o a_o minute_n time_n and_o though_o that_o great_a naturalist_n attribute_n the_o effect_n of_o this_o mixture_n to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o spirituous_a part_n yet_o i_o rather_o think_v it_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o particular_a texture_n of_o its_o saline_n part_n since_o other_o salt_n which_o be_v account_v cool_a have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v coagulate_v the_o whites_n of_o egg_n yet_o it_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o the_o serum_n of_o man_n blood_n though_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n will_v coagulate_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o but_o it_o do_v not_o only_o experimental_o appear_v that_o a_o consistent_a body_n may_v result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o two_o fluid_n but_o also_o that_o a_o fluid_a may_v undergo_v such_o a_o alteration_n as_o to_o be_v change_v into_o two_o consistent_a body_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o distil_a salad_n oil_n since_o the_o substance_n draw_v over_o be_v devoid_a of_o fluidity_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o remain_v behind_o and_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v the_o bare_a result_n of_o texture_n and_o the_o hook_a figure_n of_o its_o part_n if_o we_o add_v to_o the_o oil_n a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n it_o afford_v a_o oil_n which_o fall_v in_o drop_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o retain_v its_o fluidity_n and_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o by_o add_v two_o pound_n of_o brandy_n and_o one_o of_o sea-salt_n to_o eight_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o amber_n the_o texture_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v so_o change_v as_o to_o come_v over_o clear_a and_o transparent_a as_o essential_a oil_n draw_v off_o in_o limbeck_n usual_o do_v to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v in_o a_o limbeck_n and_o refrigeratory_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_n by_o the_o winter_n be_v cold_a be_v coagulate_v into_o a_o white_a brittle_a substance_n though_o it_o continue_v fluid_n all_o the_o summer_n firmness_n the_o texture_n of_o body_n contribute_v to_o their_o fluidity_n or_o firmness_n and_o to_o make_v it_o further_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o alteration_n of_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o fluidity_n or_o firmness_n of_o body_n and_o to_o what_o weak_a and_o almost_o inconsiderable_a agent_n those_o effect_n may_v be_v attribute_v i_o shall_v subjoin_v another_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v sufficient_o agitate_a to_o render_v it_o fluid_a by_o another_o not_o sensible_o 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spend_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v dissolve_v but_o though_o this_o substance_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n in_o the_o menstruum_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o air_n it_o will_v harden_v in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o thou_o by_o a_o violent_a agitation_n the_o viscid_a matter_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o menstruum_fw-la yet_o it_o present_o separate_v and_o subside_v again_o mixture_n the_o texture_n of_o liquot_n contribute_v to_o their_o mixture_n and_o this_o suggest_v to_o my_o memory_n a_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o liquor_n contribute_v to_o their_o mixture_n with_o each_o other_o for_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o in_o general_n assert_v by_o the_o chemist_n that_o salt_n and_o oil_n will_v not_o mix_v together_o yet_o i_o obtain_v a_o opacous_a liquor_n like_o balsam_n in_o consistence_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o a_o
equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o that_o it_o may_v more_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o fluid_n depend_v on_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o each_o i_o commit_v the_o mixture_n to_o distillation_n and_o obtain_v a_o gross_a substance_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o unite_v the_o other_o liquor_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o this_o be_v draw_v off_o the_o liquor_n present_o succeed_v but_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o be_v not_o to_o beunit_v again_o by_o a_o violent_a agitation_n but_o so_o as_o to_o separate_v again_o and_o swim_v one_o upon_o another_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o liquor_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o another_o place_n obtain_v by_o distillation_n from_o benzoin_n one_o part_n of_o it_o always_o continue_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o oil_n and_o the_o other_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o wether_n either_o shoot_v into_o clear_a crystal_n or_o preserve_v its_o fluid_a and_o oily_a form_n to_o which_o may_v be_v subjoin_v what_o we_o have_v forme_o take_v notice_n of_o concern_v salt-petre_n which_o though_o when_o mix_v with_o water_n it_o become_v fluid_a yet_o upon_o a_o evaporation_n of_o some_o part_n of_o that_o it_o present_o shoot_v in_o solid_a crystal_n from_o whence_o it_o not_o only_o appear_v what_o a_o gentle_a agitation_n of_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v a_o body_n fluid_fw-la but_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o solid_a body_n result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n so_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n distil_v with_o quicksilver_n leave_v a_o white_a calx_fw-la behind_o it_o and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o mercurius_n dulcis_fw-la be_v prepare_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o that_o solid_a substance_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o quicksilver_n the_o salt_n unite_v with_o it_o be_v scarce_o one_o part_n of_o three_o of_o the_o composition_n and_o though_o fluidity_n be_v opposite_a to_o solidity_n yet_o may_v it_o conduce_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n since_o those_o particle_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o powder_n and_o be_v not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o unite_v may_v by_o swim_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o frequent_a occursion_n so_o that_o their_o motion_n bring_v they_o often_o together_o they_o may_v in_o time_n be_v dispose_v to_o unite_v into_o one_o body_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n which_o if_o when_o it_o have_v be_v boil_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n it_o be_v well_o burn_v and_o reduce_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o thin_a pap_n with_o clear_a water_n will_v become_v firm_a and_o admit_v of_o as_o well_o as_o retain_v any_o form_n impress_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o whatever_o mould_n it_o be_v cast_v in_o where_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o alabaster_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o various_o agitate_a in_o the_o water_n be_v evident_a from_o that_o sensible_a heat_n which_o for_o some_o time_n succeed_v the_o affusion_n of_o water_n and_o this_o have_v be_v sufficient_o experience_v by_o fill_v a_o glass_n full_a of_o this_o mixture_n which_o some_o time_n after_o it_o be_v stop_v break_v the_o viol_n and_o harden_v into_o a_o substance_n correspondent_a in_o shape_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o several_a spoons-full_a of_o this_o liquor_n it_o be_v moisten_v with_o be_v squeeze_v out_o at_o a_o crack_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o powder_n and_o this_o substance_n acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o firmness_n as_o to_o endure_v several_a stroke_n with_o a_o strong_a piece_n of_o iron_n without_o break_v but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o substance_n which_o may_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o solidity_n than_o the_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n burn_v for_o the_o learned_a hydrographer_n furnier_n hydrograph_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o relate_v a_o story_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o sand_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n near_a cuma_n and_o puteoli_n two_o part_n of_o which_o mix_v with_o a_o three_o of_o quicklime_n become_v a_o hard_a substance_n like_o flint_n when_o it_o have_v lie_v or_o some_o time_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o relation_n he_o subjoin_v that_o the_o lime-ash_n of_o a_o certain_a marble_n near_o tournay_n in_o holland_n be_v cast_v into_o water_n upon_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n petrify_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o to_o change_v into_o a_o substance_n as_o hard_o as_o marble_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o have_v digress_v from_o that_o the_o various_o determine_v motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o their_o union_n and_o coalition_n into_o solid_a substance_n appear_v from_o those_o curious_a salt_n which_o spontaneous_o shoot_v and_o crystallize_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o several_a month_n for_o those_o particle_n by_o frequent_a occursion_n be_v by_o degree_n so_o dispose_v to_o unite_v that_o at_o the_o length_n those_o part_n which_o be_v most_o apt_a to_o cohere_v meet_v together_o they_o form_n exquisite_o figure_v crystal_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a that_o though_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n draw_v with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o some_o year_n continue_v fluid_a yet_o at_o the_o last_o some_o of_o its_o part_n be_v so_o combine_v as_o to_o form_v little_a parcel_n of_o amber_n almost_o spherical_a in_o shape_n which_o adhere_v partly_o to_o the_o side_n and_o partly_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n body_n solidity_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o another_o body_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o other_o way_n by_o which_o body_n may_v become_v compact_a and_o solid_a as_o first_o by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o small_a particle_n of_o matter_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o recess_n which_o may_v produce_v their_o effect_n various_a way_n first_o by_o drive_v out_o those_o particle_n which_o be_v dispose_v to_o motion_n hinder_v the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o fluid_a part_n second_o by_o obstruct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_a part_n and_o three_o by_o alter_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o fluid_a so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o unapt_a for_o motion_n and_o inclinable_a to_o a_o mutual_a cohesion_n so_o the_o particle_n which_o constitute_v rennet_n by_o unite_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o milk_n they_o be_v mix_v with_o link_v they_o together_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o unite_v into_o a_o coagulum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o rennet_n cause_v they_o to_o coagulate_v and_o that_o they_o unite_v those_o viscid_a part_n and_o link_v they_o together_o be_v plain_a since_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a complaint_n that_o the_o cheese_n make_v where_o rennet_n be_v use_v taste_v very_o strong_a of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o coagulate_a virtue_n depend_v on_o the_o saline_n part_v of_o the_o rennet_n appear_v since_o other_o acid._n liquor_n have_v the_o like_a effect_n in_o coagulate_v milk_n as_o juice_n of_o limmons_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n artificial_o mix_v with_o it_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o some_o year_n past_a i_o prepare_v a_o certain_a salt_n endue_v with_o quality_n not_o unlike_o those_o ascribe_v to_o glauber_n sal_fw-la mirabilis_fw-la which_o will_v not_o only_o like_o other_o salt_n when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n upon_o evaporation_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n itself_o but_o also_o will_v coagulate_v and_o crystallize_v a_o treble_a quantity_n of_o water_n with_o they_o which_o will_v so_o far_o put_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o salt_n as_o to_o become_v brittle_a and_o to_o be_v reducible_a to_o powder_n powder_n a_o liquor_n turn_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o powder_n and_o it_o may_v not_o be_v fruitless_a here_o to_o subjoin_v that_o though_o the_o particle_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o so_o violent_a a_o agitation_n as_o to_o acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n upon_o their_o mixture_n with_o some_o body_n yet_o i_o so_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o by_o a_o mixture_n of_o a_o certain_a whitish_a powder_n of_o my_o own_o preparation_n to_o render_v it_o a_o consistent_a body_n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o several_a day_n after_o the_o oil_n be_v coagulate_v the_o powder_n remain_v undissolve_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n so_o that_o the_o coagulation_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o some_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o liquor_n to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v another_o in_o which_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o leave_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o crystal_n
and_o cool_v in_o another_o though_o cold_a water_n drop_v upon_o the_o hot_a glass_n will_v crack_v it_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o the_o cool_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o which_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o experiment_n contain_v in_o this_o capter_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o a_o state_n of_o rest_n as_o of_o tension_n and_o compression_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o experience_a artist_n show_v i_o a_o lump_n of_o matter_n consist_v of_o a_o great_a many_o agat_n lodge_v in_o a_o cement_n much_o hard_a than_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o agat_n he_o affirm_v will_v sometime_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o cement_n endeavour_n to_o expand_v themselves_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o viii_o the_o reason_n why_o languid_a local_a motion_n viii_o prop._n viii_o and_o its_o effect_n be_v so_o much_o overlook_v be_v because_o we_o be_v too_o apt_a to_o take_v notice_n only_o of_o the_o visible_a impression_n of_o one_o body_n against_o anowithout_n observe_v the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o minute_n part_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o have_v turn_v a_o key_n in_o a_o brass_n stop_v cock_n a_o considerable_a time_n till_o the_o metal_n by_o frequent_a attrition_n become_v hot_a i_o observe_v it_o at_o the_o last_o so_o to_o swell_v as_o to_o stick_v fast_o like_o a_o wedge_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v move_v till_o the_o metal_n be_v again_o cool_a and_o a_o experience_a workman_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o in_o make_v such_o instrument_n before_o the_o key_n can_v right_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v to_o fit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o cool_v it_o several_a time_n in_o water_n to_o take_v down_o the_o expansion_n effect_v by_o the_o heat_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n will_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o draw_v one_o finger_n round_o the_o brim_n and_o that_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o toss_v several_a drop_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air_n and_o a_o drinking-glass_n artificial_o cut_v by_o a_o spiral_n line_n be_v dextrous_o invert_v and_o shake_v will_v have_v its_o part_n so_o manifest_o vibrate_v up_o and_o down_o as_o to_o acquire_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n without_o any_o evident_a injury_n to_o the_o glass_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o make_v use_v of_o harden_v steel_n instrument_n to_o turn_v iron_n and_o shake_v off_o the_o protuberance_n of_o that_o metal_n that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o will_v acquire_v such_o a_o heat_n and_o so_o lose_v its_o temper_n as_o to_o look_v blue_a or_o yellowish_a if_o it_o be_v not_o timely_o dip_v in_o a_o convenient_a liquor_n to_o keep_v it_o cool_v to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v two_o or_o three_o time_n bend_v a_o bar_n of_o tin_n in_o my_o hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o i_o find_v upon_o the_o break_v of_o it_o that_o the_o internal_a part_n have_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o part_n without_o a_o manifest_a percussion_n be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o not_o only_o hard_a but_o soft_a body_n may_v do_v so_o too_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v which_o be_v that_o a_o artist_n have_v only_o rub_v optick-glass_n with_o putree_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n to_o polish_v they_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o sometime_o to_o crack_v though_o i_o be_o not_o unapt_a to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n may_v as_o well_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v too_o violent_a since_o from_o the_o aforementioned_a vibration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o motion_n without_o heat_n and_o that_o by_o a_o very_a easy_a friction_n such_o body_n may_v acquire_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v suffer_v melt_v brimstone_n to_o cool_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o cavity_n be_v concave_a i_o rub_v the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o brimstone_n upon_o a_o cushion_n for_o some_o time_n and_o find_v by_o apply_v my_o ear_n to_o it_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o brimstone_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o vibrate_v motion_n as_o to_o continue_v a_o crackle_n noise_n for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o friction_n be_v discontinue_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v rub_v two_o stone_n take_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n together_o i_o find_v they_o to_o yield_v a_o strong_a urinous_a smell_n and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n will_v emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n by_o rub_v it_o upon_o cloth_n but_o diamond_n themselves_o will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o electricity_n and_o i_o have_v one_o by_o i_o which_o if_o rub_v will_v appear_v luminous_a in_o the_o dark_a and_o that_o it_o may_v further_o appear_v that_o a_o peculiar_a modification_n of_o motion_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o various_a effect_n produce_v by_o it_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o those_o stone_n which_o italian_a glassman_n make_v use_v of_o afford_v spark_n of_o fire_n by_o collision_n but_o if_o moderate_o rub_v together_o they_o emit_v fetid_a exhalation_n from_o whence_o probable_o proceed_v those_o offensive_a steam_n emit_v by_o glass_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a and_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v though_o glass_n when_o red-hot_a emit_v no_o such_o effluvia_fw-la yet_o if_o two_o piece_n be_v dexterous_o rub_v together_o they_o will_v send_v forth_o steam_n copious_a enough_o and_o fetid_a and_o to_o show_v how_o brisk_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o inorganical_a body_n be_v and_o how_o soon_o they_o communicate_v motion_n to_o one_o another_o we_o need_v but_o consider_v how_o the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o a_o bell_n be_v continue_v successive_o round_o it_o and_o how_o all_o that_o time_n it_o communicate_v that_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o for_o that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o successive_o keep_v in_o motion_n appear_v from_o that_o tremble_v motion_n which_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o one_o finger_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o continuity_n much_o deaden_n and_o cause_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v much_o short_a and_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v its_o undulate_a motion_n from_o the_o impress_n of_o the_o bell_n all_o that_o time_n appear_v if_o one_o finger_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o which_o stop_v that_o tremulous_a motion_n and_o that_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v very_o brisk_a be_v evince_v from_o what_o be_v general_o affirm_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o string_n be_v tie_v about_o a_o bell_n so_o as_o to_o check_v the_o tremulous_a motion_n upon_o the_o strike_n of_o the_o clapper_n it_o will_v break_v some_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a than_o other_o so_o that_o the_o disproportionate_a motion_n compare_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o part_n surmount_v their_o cohesion_n they_o must_v consequent_o fly_v asunder_o and_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v so_o agitate_a i_o put_v file_n of_o steel_n and_o drop_v of_o water_n into_o a_o hand-bell_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o impulse_n of_o a_o key_n the_o water_n shiver_v and_o the_o file_n have_v likewise_o such_o a_o motion_n give_v to_o their_o part_n as_o enable_v they_o to_o dance_v up_o and_o down_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o these_o observation_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v what_o considerable_a effect_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o unheeded_a motion_n of_o invisible_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o other_o less_o intelligible_a cause_n chap._n xvii_o a_o supplement_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a effect_n of_o languid_a and_o unheeded_a local_a motion_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a observation_n and_o first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n may_v act_v on_o body_n due_o predispose_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n appear_v from_o what_o the_o learned_a borellus_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la percussionis_fw-la prop._n cxi_o relate_v viz._n that_o be_v at_o tauromenium_n in_o sicily_n about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o mount_n aetna_n when_o it_o first_o break_v out_o it_o be_v observable_a
observe_v upon_o coal-mine_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o show_v i_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v with_o warm_a effluvia_fw-la that_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v upon_o it_o above_o two_o day_n be_v the_o wether_n never_o so_o cold_a which_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o frequent_a observation_n except_o where_o layer_n of_o rock_n or_o some_o other_o stony_a concretes_n obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o mineral_n steam_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o steam_n near_o gold-mine_n be_v so_o copious_a in_o hungary_n as_o to_o give_v the_o leau_n of_o the_o tree_n a_o golden-colour_n but_o notwithstane_v these_o instance_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o doubt_v that_o there_o be_v several_a part_n of_o the_o three_o region_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n from_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n have_v not_o that_o heat_n but_o since_o these_o thing_n be_v but_o uncertain_o guess_v at_o none_o have_v so_o great_a curiosity_n as_o to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o dig_v deep_a enough_o without_o prospect_n of_o gain_n i_o shall_v rather_o proceed_v to_o consider_v that_o proceed_v whence_o the_o unusual_a heat_n in_o some_o mine_n proceed_v beside_o the_o forementioned_a cause_n there_o be_v in_o some_o mine_n such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o can_v be_v account_v for_o without_o another_o cause_n the_o incalescence_n be_v so_o great_a as_o not_o to_o be_v produce_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o some_o other_o mineral-steams_n or_o water_n to_o work_v upon_o and_o promote_v the_o mutual_a action_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o active_a part_n of_o those_o mine_n and_o that_o such_o incalescenses_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v and_o further_o that_o immature_n mineral_n such_o as_o marchasite_n who_o part_n be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o sulphureous_a part_n may_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o aptness_n to_o be_v dissolve_v be_v able_a to_o cause_v such_o effect_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v because_o vitriol_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v in_o several_a mine_n in_o hungary_n but_o likewise_o such_o strong_a and_o corrosive_a effluvium_n as_o be_v very_o offensive_a to_o respiration_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n fatal_a to_o those_o that_o venture_v to_o work_v in_o they_o and_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n further_o remarkable_a that_o several_a piece_n of_o vitriol_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o those_o mine_n of_o a_o soft_a consistence_n present_o when_o bring_v up_o and_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n grow_v hard_o retain_v several_a golden_a streak_n in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n here_o to_o be_v note_v which_o be_v that_o in_o grove_n which_o be_v very_o deep_a the_o air_n be_v so_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n as_o to_o want_v a_o frequent_a ventilation_n so_o that_o the_o miner_n be_v wont_a to_o sink_v a_o air-shaft_n as_o they_o term_v it_o some_o pace_n off_o the_o grove_n that_o the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o grove_n to_o that_o by_o a_o short_a of_o channel_n or_o ventiduct_n which_o agricola_n lib._n v._n and_o vi_fw-la de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la call_v cuniculus_fw-la may_v keep_v the_o internal_a air_n in_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o breathe_v in_o though_o the_o mine_n be_v 200_o yard_n deep_a and_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la give_v further_a the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o air_n in_o these_o cuniculi_fw-la or_o air-shaft_n in_o these_o word_n aer_fw-la autem_fw-la exterior_a se_fw-la suâ_fw-la sponte_fw-la fundit_fw-la in_o cava_fw-la terrae_fw-la atque_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la penetrare_fw-la potest_fw-la rursus_fw-la evolat_fw-la foras_fw-la sed_fw-la diversa_fw-la ratione_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la solet_fw-la etenim_fw-la vernis_fw-la &_o aestivis_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la influit_fw-la &_o per_fw-la cuniculum_n vel_fw-la fossam_fw-la latentem_fw-la permeat_fw-la ac_fw-la ex_fw-la humiliori_fw-la effluit_fw-la similiter_fw-la iisdem_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la cuniculum_n infunditur_fw-la ac_fw-la interjecto_fw-la puteo_fw-la defluit_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la cuniculum_n atque_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la emanat_fw-la autumnali_fw-la &_o hyberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la contra_fw-la in_o cuniculum_n vel_fw-la puteum_fw-la humiliorem_fw-la intrat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la altiori_fw-la exit_fw-la verum_fw-la ea_fw-la fluxionum_fw-la aeris_fw-la mutatio_fw-la in_o temperatis_fw-la regionibus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la initio_fw-la veris_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o sine_fw-la autumni_fw-la in_fw-la frigidis_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o fine_a veris_fw-la &_o in_o initio_fw-la autumni_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v sed_fw-la aer_fw-la utroque_fw-la tempore_fw-la antequam_fw-la cursum_fw-la suum_fw-la illum_fw-la consuetum_fw-la constant_a teneat_fw-la plerumque_fw-la quatuordecem_fw-la dierum_fw-la spatio_fw-la crebras_fw-la habet_fw-la mutationes_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la vel_fw-la cuniculum_n influens_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la and_o these_o thing_n may_v give_v we_o some_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n several_a periodical_a change_n in_o the_o temperature_n of_o those_o region_n which_o deserve_v our_o consideration_n but_o have_v several_a time_n inquire_v about_o these_o thing_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o the_o air_n general_o go_v in_o the_o same_o way_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n enter_v the_o air-shaft_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o in_o some_o mine_n the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o rgion_n yet_o general_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a and_o much_o more_o uncertain_a be_v it_o what_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o central_n part_v of_o it_o and_o whether_o that_o be_v divide_v into_o distinct_a region_n or_o what_o be_v the_o state_n and_o texture_n as_o well_o as_o consistency_n of_o its_o part_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o since_o one_o of_o the_o deep_a mine_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o be_v mention_v by_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n call_v bormannus_n cap._n 12._o be_v at_o cotteberg_n which_o exceed_v not_o 500_o fathom_n and_o if_o according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la the_o semi-diameter_n of_o our_o globe_n be_v 4177_o italian_a mile_n what_o a_o superficial_a knowledge_n must_v we_o have_v of_o it_o who_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v our_o observation_n above_o 500_o fathom_n and_o that_o too_o in_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o orb._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine_n region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o follow_a chapter_n relate_v to_o the_o temper_n of_o submarine_n region_n i_o will_v be_v suppose_v to_o mean_v by_o that_o term_n not_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o the_o whole_a ocean_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o its_o superficies_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o relate_v what_o follow_v as_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n but_o only_o as_o receive_v by_o information_n from_o other_o who_o have_v dive_v into_o they_o two_o submarine_n region_n two_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v only_o assign_v to_o this_o element_n two_o region_n the_o one_o bound_v by_o the_o utmost_a penetration_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o calorifick_a cause_n the_o other_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n uppermost_a the_o temperature_n of_o the_o uppermost_a according_a to_o which_o division_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o upper_a region_n must_v vary_v in_o its_o extent_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n suppose_v the_o warmth_n of_o it_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la and_o not_o only_o in_o the_o extent_n but_o the_o temperature_n of_o that_o region_n which_o may_v not_o only_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o by_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v either_o nitrous_a or_o marchasitical_a as_o also_o by_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o warmness_n of_o it_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v refract_v by_o the_o subjacent_a sand_n to_o which_o cause_n may_v be_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n a_o observation_n favour_v which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pont_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o new_a france_n in_o the_o way_n to_o which_o he_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o place_v the_o water_n be_v very_o warm_a as_o well_o as_o the_o wine_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o boat_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v for_o three_o day_n whereas_o on_o the_o 21_o r_v of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n observe_v to_o be_v as_o cold_a region_n
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o ʒvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v ℥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a 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try_v must_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o most_o water_n 5._o what_o microscope_n can_v discover_v in_o mineral_n water_n n._n b._n those_o move_a corpuscle_n discernible_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o pepper_n etc._n etc._n in_o water_n be_v animalcula_fw-la and_o not_o portion_n of_o inanimate_a matter_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o such_o liquor_n which_o be_v apparent_a if_o those_o little_a animal_n be_v touch_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o they_o move_v much_o more_o slow_o 6._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o variety_n of_o colour_n in_o several_a mineral_n water_n 7._o of_o their_o different_a odour_n these_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v at_o the_o spring-head_n where_o not_o only_o a_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a smell_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mineral_n spring_n in_o france_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a vinous_a odour_n 8._o concern_v the_o different_a taste_n of_o mineral_n water_n 9_o whether_o take_v it_o up_o or_o keep_v it_o stop_v or_o unstopped_a or_o whether_o freeze_a or_o thaw_v it_o will_v alter_v the_o colour_n smell_v or_o transparency_n of_o it_o for_o though_o some_o water_n retain_v their_o purgative_n virtue_n a_o good_a while_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o exhalation_n of_o some_o fugitive_a part_n from_o those_o which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v carry_v but_o a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o fountain_n they_o present_o lose_v their_o power_n of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n into_o a_o purple_a and_o instead_o of_o that_o turn_v it_o red_a and_o even_o the_o strong_a water_n if_o keep_v unstop_v or_o not_o keep_v close_o present_o lose_v that_o property_n 10._o concern_v the_o different_a consistency_n of_o such_o water_n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o expansion_n and_o condensation_n or_o heat_v and_o coldness_n than_o common_a water_n 12._o whether_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o how_o soon_o and_o what_o phaenomena_n they_o afford_v 13._o what_o alteration_n in_o colour_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o astringent_a juice_n with_o they_o as_o also_o their_o mixture_n with_o several_a juice_n of_o the_o body_n n._n b._n in_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n without_o consider_v the_o alteration_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o uncertain_a proportion_n of_o gall_n wherefore_o i_o usual_o make_v use_v of_o a_o settle_a proportion_n as_o 5_o grain_n to_o a_o ounce_n though_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v try_v with_o much_o more_o expedition_n and_o certainty_n by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o powder_n itself_o suspend_v about_o three_o grain_n of_o powder_n in_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n as_o a_o grain_n have_v give_v german_a spaw-water_n a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n since_o rose_n leave_v or_o the_o flower_n and_o bark_n of_o pomegranate_n will_v have_v much_o the_o same_o effect_n afford_v a_o cloudy_a and_o blackish_a tincture_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o make_v it_o one_o part_n of_o this_o quaere_fw-la what_o colour_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o mineral_n water_n with_o animal_n juice_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n sometime_o blackish_a upon_o the_o take_n of_o large_a dose_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v the_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n i_o not_o only_o doubt_v whether_o all_o martial_a water_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o whether_o all_o liquor_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v esteem_v martial_a for_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o steel_n will_v give_v it_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o that_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n will_v not_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o tincture_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o acid_n fume_n which_o have_v work_v on_o the_o mars_n with_o which_o those_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v find_v that_o if_o a_o vitriolate_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o copper_n instead_o of_o iron_n instead_o of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a it_o only_o will_v render_v it_o muddy_a and_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a earth_n which_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n to_o be_v lead_n that_o will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a though_o it_o be_v altoger_n void_a of_o martial_a part_n and_o probable_o will_v have_v very_o bad_a effect_n if_o take_v inward_o to_o which_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la likewise_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_n and_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v the_o willing_a to_o lay_v down_o because_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o they_o to_o slight_v the_o use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n yet_o i_o will_v thence_o urge_v they_o to_o make_v such_o trial_n to_o be_v more_o wary_o make_v water_n observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v mineral_n water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_v to_o observe_v the_o different_a colour_n exhibit_v by_o such_o trial_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n as_o requisite_a to_o be_v think_v on_o by_o he_o who_o design_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n 1._o that_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n make_v by_o such_o tincture_n in_o a_o good_a light_n which_o may_v help_v a_o curious_a observer_n to_o distinguish_v what_o mineral_n such_o tincture_n be_v impregnate_v with_o 2._o it_o way_n be_v of_o use_v to_o vary_v the_o shade_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o mineral_n water_n either_o by_o drop_v such_o water_n upon_o paper_n who_o pore_n be_v saturate_v with_o vitriol_n powder_v or_o tinge_v with_o a_o decoction_n of_o log-wood_n several_a variation_n in_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o drop_v other_o medicinal_a liquor_n either_o into_o the_o mineral_n water_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o gall_n before_o mixture_n or_o after_o 3._o i_o will_v recommend_v for_o such_o trial_n not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o astringent_a plant_n but_o also_o animal_n and_o especial_o mineral_n substance_n for_o beside_o the_o astringent_n i_o have_v contrive_v a_o certain_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v a_o vitriol_n water_n impregnate_v with_o iron_n
last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o
aliment_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o as_o these_o instance_n show_v how_o unfit_a a_o air_n too_o gross_a be_v for_o respiration_n so_o that_o a_o air_n too_o thin_a be_v likewise_o prejudicial_a appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n already_o try_v in_o our_o receiver_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o our_o atmosphere_n he_o will_v die_v for_o want_v of_o breath_n in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o go_v up_o a_o high_a mountain_n in_o peru_n call_v pariacaca_fw-la which_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o alps_o as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v only_o as_o high_a tower_n he_o and_o his_o companion_n be_v take_v with_o excessive_a vomit_v together_o with_o blood_n which_o last_v till_o he_o come_v to_o a_o region_n more_o convenient_a for_o respiration_n and_o he_o likewise_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o the_o element_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a there_o that_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a for_o a_o man_n to_o breathe_v in_o the_o action_n of_o respiration_n require_v a_o grosser_n and_o more_o temperate_a air._n but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o respiration_n in_o carry_v off_o the_o recrement_n of_o the_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o those_o recrement_n shall_v so_o soon_o kill_v a_o animal_n as_o to_o cause_v bird_n enclose_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o die_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n for_o want_v of_o be_v carry_v off_o and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o account_v for_o such_o effect_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o paracelsus_n that_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o geneneration_n of_o a_o vital_a spirit_n since_o the_o interruption_n of_o its_o generation_n for_o so_o small_a a_o time_n can_v scarce_o be_v fatal_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o cornelius_n drebellus_fw-la make_v a_o boat_n for_o the_o learned_a king_n james_n which_o will_v swim_v under_o water_n in_o which_o to_o make_v the_o air_n include_v fit_a for_o respiration_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o open_v a_o vessel_n which_o contain_v a_o liquor_n which_o add_v such_o a_o vital_a spirit_n to_o the_o air_n as_o purge_v it_o of_o the_o grosser_n exhalation_n and_o condense_v they_o wherefore_o i_o be_o the_o more_o favourable_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o air_n may_v conduce_v to_o the_o preserurtion_n of_o vital_a spirit_n and_o that_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n as_o air_n to_o flame_n for_o have_v convey_v rectfy_v spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o no_o more_o than_o the_o vital_a flame_n of_o a_o animal_n if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o thing_n we_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissect_v a_o bitch_n and_o take_v out_o one_o of_o the_o whelp_n though_o we_o open_v his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o thorax_n and_o divide_v the_o diaphragm_n yet_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breathe_v his_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v above_o six_o hour_n whereas_o three_o more_o which_o be_v involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v all_o dead_a though_o they_o be_v neither_o wound_v nor_o have_v ever_o breathe_v how_o far_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o problem_n propose_v by_o dr._n harvey_n viz._n why_o a_o foetus_fw-la may_v live_v long_o before_o it_o have_v breathe_v if_o involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n than_o if_o when_o it_o have_v once_o respire_v respiration_n be_v stop_v we_o leave_v other_o to_o judge_v whether_o fish_n breathe_v or_o not_o under_o water_n especial_o those_o that_o want_v lung_n i_o can_v now_o determine_v but_o that_o air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v evince_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o fish_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o bottle_n which_o be_v close_o stop_v from_o the_o air_n or_o if_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n they_o present_o die_v and_o indeed_o consider_v how_o many_o particle_n of_o air_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o it_o pass_v through_o their_o gills_o or_o some_o other_o way_n and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o have_v put_v a_o large_a eel_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o exhaust_v the_o air_n she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o receiver_n be_v unstop_v and_o the_o fish_n take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n satisfy_v we_o of_o her_o recovery_n by_o very_o brisk_a and_o vivid_v motion_n but_o what_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o be_v admire_v have_v put_v a_o grey_a snail_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o but_o whence_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o now_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v any_o further_a whether_o the_o paradox_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o child_n respire_v in_o the_o womb_n only_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o fabulous_a that_o the_o foetus_fw-la have_v sometime_o be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o womb_n and_o chicken_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o pip_n in_o the_o eggshell_n before_o it_o be_v break_v which_o may_v be_v argument_n of_o a_o obscure_a respiration_n except_o it_o can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o such_o sound_n may_v arise_v from_o halituous_a vapour_n in_o the_o larynx_n and_o that_o they_o may_v will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a favour_v by_o observe_v what_o audible_a sound_v arise_v from_o the_o halituous_a vapour_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n force_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n hold_v in_o various_a posture_n but_o to_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v though_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o be_v accustom_a to_o want_v it_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o small_a time_n that_o such_o man_n be_v able_a to_o stay_v under_o water_n but_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v convey_v a_o humming-bee_n a_o flesh-f_o and_o a_o palmer-worm_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o minute_n time_n they_o all_o seem_v dead_a but_o present_o recover_v by_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o draw_v out_o they_o appear_v dead_a which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o so_o many_o curiously-contrived_a engine_n except_o those_o of_o man_n who_o wheel_n be_v set_v on_o go_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n agent_n for_o even_o those_o fly_n which_o present_o die_v in_o our_o receiver_n will_v crawl_v about_o even_o when_o their_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unworthy_a our_o observation_n that_o infect_v which_o want_n lung_n be_v no_o less_o sensible_o affect_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n than_o some_o that_o have_v they_o which_o may_v be_v ground_n for_o a_o suspicion_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o at_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o alive_a by_o a_o universal_a perspiration_n but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o digression_n though_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n have_v give_v i_o cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n yet_o since_o i_o believe_v it_o have_v some_o other_o use_v which_o be_v not_o yet_o explain_v i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o that_o say_v of_o st._n augustine_n mallem_fw-la quidem_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la i_o quaesivisti_fw-la habere_fw-la scientiam_fw-la quam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la id_fw-la nondum_fw-la potui_fw-la magis_fw-la eligo_fw-la cautam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la confiteri_fw-la quam_fw-la falsam_fw-la scientiam_fw-la profiteri_fw-la experiemint_n xlii_o receiver_n the_o different_a operation_n of_o corrosive_n in_o and_o without_o our_o receiver_n have_v fill_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o long-neck_n viol._n with_o ten_o sprig_n of_o coral_n and_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n as_o swim_v about_o a_o inch_n over_o they_o we_o place_v it_o in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o there_o appear_v but_o very_o few_o bubble_n yet_o upon_o a_o few_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o rise_v so_o plentiful_o as_o to_o make_v the_o menstruum_fw-la appear_v white_a the_o whole_a continue_v to_o boil_v and_o ferment_n as_o in_o a_o seething-pot_n as_o much_o froth_n stand_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o answer_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o in_o
omnipotence_n matter_n shall_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o alter_v its_o dimension_n and_o though_o our_o author_n take_v two_o way_n to_o explicate_v his_o notion_n either_o upon_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v indivisible_a or_o divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o since_o he_o explicate_v it_o neither_o of_o those_o way_n so_o clear_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o difficulty_n at_o all_o make_v less_o by_o assert_v that_o matter_n may_v be_v virtual_o so_o extend_v as_o to_o possess_v more_o space_n than_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o it_o since_o a_o virtual_a extension_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o extension_n without_o the_o term_n virtual_o join_v with_o it_o for_o since_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v indivisible_a it_o rather_o prejudices_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n than_o explain_v it_o since_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o think_v that_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v circumscribe_v by_o a_o certain_a space_n shall_v fill_v a_o large_a space_n without_o be_v divide_v and_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o former_a nor_o do_v it_o at_o all_o explain_v or_o render_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o say_v that_o matter_n may_v by_o omnipotence_n be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o possess_v adaequate_o double_a the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o since_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v not_o dispute_v what_o god_n can_v do_v but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n in_o our_o author_n doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v no_o less_o in_o the_o condensation_n which_o his_o funiculus_fw-la suppose_v for_o since_o he_o allow_v of_o no_o vacuity_n in_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v near_a than_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n which_o be_v whole_o disallow_v of_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o nature_n for_o be_v that_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o body_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o space_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o by_o itself_o will_v fill_v which_o be_v altogether_o unintelligible_a chap._n xviii_o a_o consideration_n concern_v some_o trial_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a and_o other_o experiment_n '_o at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n hill_n the_o height_n of_o mercury_n suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n for_o a_o further_a proof_n against_o our_o adversary_n doctrine_n and_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o the_o famous_a pecquet_n mention_n a_o experiment_n make_v by_o monsieur_n pascal_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n 3000_o foot_n high_a where_o when_o he_o ascend_v 150_o fathom_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o buoy_v up_o so_o high_a as_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o want_v 3_o inch_n of_o that_o station_n which_o it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o our_o adversary_n the_o difference_n plain_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a length_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n which_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o gassendus_fw-la tom._n 1._o p._n 211._o relate_v that_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v 5_o time_n on_o the_o hill_n at_o auvergne_n and_o a_o very_a note_a virtuoso_fw-la mr._n j._n ball_n as_o well_o as_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n mr._n townley_n have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o last_o name_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n near_o so_o much_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o to_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n without_o go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o such_o high_a mountain_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a wether_n glass_n suspending_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n instead_o of_o mercury_n the_o instrument_n be_v a_o glass_n with_o a_o broad_a foot_n and_o a_o narrow_a neck_n a_o b_o and_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n c_z d_o which_o be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o so_o place_v that_o the_o low_a end_n be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bottom_n a_o b_o and_o be_v so_o close_o cement_v at_o the_o neck_n a_o second_o see_v fig._n the_o first_o plate_n the_o second_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o internal_a air_n i_o i_o from_o communicate_v with_o external_n k_o k_o unless_o it_o be_v through_o the_o pipe_n c_z d_o and_o have_v conveige_v water_n h_n h_n into_o the_o glass_n ab_fw-la which_o be_v pretty_a large_a and_o have_v blow_v so_o much_o air_n into_o the_o bottle_n as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o lead_v of_o westminster_n abby_n when_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_o cold_a and_o condensed_a within_o the_o bottle_n as_o without_o we_o mark_v the_o station_n of_o the_o water_n f_o and_o let_v it_o down_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o water_n subside_v a_o inch_n where_o its_o station_n e_z be_v mark_v and_o the_o vessel_n draw_v up_o again_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o mark_n f_o again_o which_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v have_v the_o like_a success_n and_o afterward_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v we_o let_v it_o down_o within_o the_o church_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v at_o g_z a_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n so_o depress_v it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o glass_n several_a bubble_n break_v through_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o glass_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o church_n again_o the_o water_n be_v manifest_o raise_v in_o the_o tube_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la more_fw-mi caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o near_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o as_o the_o height_n at_o which_o it_o be_v try_v varied_a so_o the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n do_v another_o particular_a which_o may_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n viz._n that_o a_o football_n be_v weak_o blow_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v high_o and_o as_o gradual_o grow_v lank_a when_o it_o be_v carry_v down_o the_o hill_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v long_a or_o short_a it_o make_v a_o great_a gravitation_n and_o pressure_n upon_o the_o bladder_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n send_v to_o dr._n croon_n by_o a_o learned_a professor_n of_o gresham_n college_n second_o see_v fig._n the_o sec._n plate_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o follow_v have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n a_o b_o represent_v by_o the_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o water_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o thirteen_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_n water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax_n hill_n but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o point_n d_o the_o internal_a air_n a_o c_z which_o be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o bottom_n dilate_v itself_o at_o the_o top_n further_o by_o c_z d_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o descent_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o small_a ascent_n by_o the_o bare_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n diminish_v the_o reason_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shorten_v of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n chap._n xix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n compress_v and_o dilate_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v condensation_n measure_v have_v pour_v mercury_n into_o a_o glass-tube_n which_o consist_v of_o
the_o finger_n will_v be_v so_o depress_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o weigh_v considerable_o upon_o it_o and_o if_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v unstop_v in_o the_o restagnant_fw-la mercury_n the_o include_v air_n will_v depress_v that_o in_o the_o tube_n below_o its_o former_a station_n and_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o tube_n not_o so_o long_o and_o both_o end_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o uppermost_a the_o low_a will_v perceive_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o before_o depress_v the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n so_o that_o this_o experiment_n prove_v both_o the_o spring_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o air._n the_o other_o experiment_n be_v the_o four_o in_o the_o epistle_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o bladder_n suspend_v in_o the_o receiver_n subside_v or_o swell_v as_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v that_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o bladder_n be_v effect_v by_o the_o air_n per_fw-la vim_o incussus_fw-la which_o get_v into_o the_o bladder_n press_v against_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o it_o in_o their_o circular_a motion_n yet_o since_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o bladder_n be_v impervious_a to_o air_n to_o deny_v that_o the_o ingress_n of_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o his_o explanation_n but_o further_a be_v the_o bladder_n so_o pervious_a to_o air_n it_o may_v as_o ready_o get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n as_o in_o without_o break_v it_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explicate_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o our_o engine_n and_o windgun_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n which_o motion_n they_o acquire_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o engine_n yet_o that_o the_o air_n have_v parallel_a effect_n where_o it_o acquire_v no_o such_o motion_n appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o hill_n the_o mercury_n be_v not_o near_o suspend_v so_o high_a at_o the_o top_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o those_o hill_n and_o though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v the_o difference_n by_o suppose_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n brisk_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n yet_o since_o it_o can_v only_o keep_v the_o mercury_n from_o subside_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o pressure_n that_o pressure_n must_v either_o proceed_v from_o its_o spring_n or_o weight_n and_o since_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o so_o few_o part_n of_o the_o air_n as_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o mercury_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o from_o subside_v it_o must_v do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o it_o but_o to_o evince_v the_o spring_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o not_o find_v so_o strong_a a_o pressure_n from_o the_o water_n which_o there_o receive_v a_o less_o impression_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n visible_o expand_v itself_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n chap._n xxv_o mr._n hobb_n principal_a explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o engine_n examine_v before_o mr._n hobbs_n set_v about_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o engine_n he_o lay_v down_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v they_o by_o suppose_v that_o a_o great_a many_o earthy_a particle_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o congenite_fw-la circular_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o near_o than_o further_a from_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o such_o particle_n can_v move_v in_o so_o exact_a a_o order_n without_o knock_v against_o and_o disturb_v each_o other_o motion_n it_o be_v as_o unintelligible_a how_o matter_n shall_v have_v its_o motion_n congenite_fw-la but_o to_o leave_v mr._n hobbs_n to_o dispute_v these_o thing_n with_o other_o adversary_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o his_o explication_n air._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n void_a of_o air._n and_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o our_o receiver_n he_o say_v that_o the_o air_n be_v remove_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o sucker_n outward_a it_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a and_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o cylinder_n which_o if_o true_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n for_o some_o time_n viz._n till_o the_o air_n have_v time_n to_o get_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o but_o that_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n draw_v out_o and_o that_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o air_n empty_a not_o only_o appear_v by_o those_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o it_o but_o it_o further_o appear_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n when_o exhaust_v which_o be_v considerable_o light_a than_o before_o as_o also_o by_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o receiver_n be_v ill_o shape_v so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n it_o break_v inward_a upon_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n but_o a_o further_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o cock_n turn_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v encompass_v with_o water_n several_a gallon_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n except_o the_o receiver_n be_v empty_a and_o even_o in_o the_o common_a experiment_n its_o evident_a that_o the_o air_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n rush_n in_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n but_o if_o mr._n hobbs_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o pure_a air_n only_o flow_v into_o the_o receiver_n i_o shall_v demand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o that_o to_o flow_v in_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v in_o water_n where_o we_o may_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v as_o well_o raise_v bubble_n in_o its_o passage_n through_o it_o as_o that_o such_o bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n affirm_v that_o this_o air_n get_v into_o the_o receiver_n move_v up_o and_o down_o violent_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v not_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o be_v it_o so_o the_o smoke_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n will_v be_v disturb_v by_o that_o motion_n since_o upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o put_v they_o both_o into_o a_o very_a violent_a agitation_n and_o that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o tube_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v void_a of_o air_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o reciprocal_o invert_v the_o tube_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o mercury_n will_v move_v backward_o with_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o swiftness_n and_o force_n than_o if_o air_n be_v let_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v not_o fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o indeed_o be_v it_o not_o allow_v that_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v offer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n or_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n as_o the_o external_a air_n be_v let_v in_o or_o draw_v out_o will_v be_v difficulty_n understand_v if_o not_o altogether_o unexplain_v without_o admit_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air._n the_o next_o phaenomenon_n mr._n hobbs_n offer_v to_o explain_v be_v why_o the_o sucker_n rise_v up_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v though_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n be_v suspend_v at_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o attribute_n to_o the_o swift_a and_o violent_a repercussion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v thrust_v out_o which_o find_v not_o room_n enough_o in_o the_o world_n must_v conseuqent_o press_v the_o sucker_n before_o it_o into_o the_o space_n which_o contain_v it_o before_o but_o if_o the_o air_n be_v so_o swift_o repel_v i_o can_v understand_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o resist_v the_o egress_n of_o air_n or_o raise_v the_o sucker_n when_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v hang_v at_o it_o but_o further_a that_o the_o return_n of_o this_o air_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o swift_a repercussion_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v hence_o manifest_a since_o if_o the_o sucker_n be_v hold_v down_o till_o the_o air_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v settle_v and_o as_o calm_a as_o
and_o gassendus_fw-la teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o suction_n but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v take_v a_o glass_n vessel_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n within_o be_v keep_v from_o have_v any_o intercourse_n with_o that_o without_o the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pipe_n be_v thus_o fix_v we_o convey_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n till_o it_o rise_v something_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o have_v incline_v the_o bottle_n to_o give_v a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n i_o suck_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o water_n rise_v into_o my_o mouth_n and_o till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o suction_n allow_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v away_o by_o the_o dilate_a chest_n of_o he_o that_o suck_v and_o thereby_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n at_o which_o he_o suck_v but_o beside_o the_o precede_a use_n make_v of_o this_o experiment_n i_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n till_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o just_a immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o suction_n it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o weaken_a to_o raise_v it_o high_o several_a bubble_n of_o air_n break_v through_o the_o water_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o leave_v off_o suck_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n so_o compress_v the_o rarify_v air_n within_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o wont_a station_n several_a particle_n break_v into_o the_o bottle_n through_o the_o water_n till_o that_o internal_a air_n be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o external_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n examine_v fluidity_n motion_n the_o chief_a qualification_n in_o order_n to_o fluidity_n the_o first_o particular_a examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v a_o mistake_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n concern_v the_o author_n opinion_n of_o fluidity_n the_o objector_n make_v the_o author_n notion_n of_o fluidity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n whereas_o our_o author_n assign_v motion_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a qualification_n since_o a_o coagulum_fw-la of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o wine_n may_v by_o bare_a digestion_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n though_o fluid_a may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a powder_n by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n further_o assert_n that_o fluid_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n divisible_a into_o fluid_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n yet_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o the_o shape_n size_n texture_n and_o motion_n and_o firmness_n on_o a_o rest_n among_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n and_o likewise_o that_o fluids_n be_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n substitute_n it_o teach_v that_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n may_v move_v whilst_o the_o whole_a be_v in_o motion_n and_o that_o solid_n may_v have_v their_o part_n in_o motion_n though_o the_o whole_a lie_n still_o as_o also_o he_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a may_v be_v render_v less_o fluid_a by_o be_v compress_v but_o since_o he_o have_v assert_v these_o thing_n and_o not_o prove_v they_o and_o since_o the_o hypothesis_n he_o go_v upon_o be_v sufficient_o invalidate_v before_o the_o author_n think_v these_o require_v no_o particular_a answer_n and_o though_o he_o further_o make_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n yet_o since_o our_o author_n make_v motion_n or_o rest_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a requisite_n what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n for_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n appear_v if_o a_o lump_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o that_o rest_v contribute_v to_o solidity_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v become_v ice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o as_o well_o as_o metal_n by_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n by_o heat_n become_v fluid_n chap._n xxix_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n four_o see_v plate_n the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o structure_n of_o our_o engine_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o alphabetical_a explanation_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o mechanical_a structure_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o enough_o understand_v by_o those_o especial_o that_o be_v acquaint_v by_o our_o first_o engine_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o our_o plate_n to_o represent_v the_o engine_n just_o ready_a to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v explain_v first_o the_o sucker_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o the_o perforation_n p_o q_o which_o go_v through_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o together_o with_o the_o stick_n r_o s_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n n_z o_z when_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o stick_n rp_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n second_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o lie_n in_o a_o gutter_n make_v purposely_o in_o the_o board_n c_o d_o e_o f_o which_o board_n be_v lay_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n lay_v upon_o that_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o warp_a in_o which_o iron-plate_n be_v fix_v a_o lip_n which_o rise_v up_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o which_o be_v bend_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o the_o receiver_n from_o be_v spill_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o stop-cock_n g_z h_z i_o k_o may_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o o_o at_o ay_o with_o soder_n yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a to_o have_v the_o branch_n ay_o make_v like_o a_o screw_n so_o that_o be_v screw_v into_o the_o barrel_n it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v mend_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v amiss_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o wood_n or_o the_o cement_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o pipe_n where_o the_o invert_v end_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o lest_o the_o inward_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v stop_v with_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n draw_v to_o it_o there_o be_v fix_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o a_o tin_n plate_n so_o contrive_v as_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o air._n the_o wooden_a part_n represent_v in_o the_o plate_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o cylinder_n be_v always_o so_o full_a of_o water_n as_o able_a to_o overtop_v the_o cylinder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o sucker_n soft_a and_o plump_a by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v more_o exact_o fit_v to_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o iron_n plate_n abovementioned_a it_o have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o it_o exclude_v the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o the_o receiver_n have_v a_o stop-cock_n in_o most_o experiment_n though_o in_o some_o it_o be_v less_o servirceable_a but_o most_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o our_o first_o engine_n if_o the_o follow_a alteration_n be_v make_v and_o first_o if_o a_o square_a board_n and_o a_o suitable_a iron_n plate_n such_o as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o engine_n be_v fasten_v opposite_a to_o the_o iron_n rack_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a cylinder_n and_o a_o glass_n tube_n like_o that_o just_a now_o describe_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n with_o a_o cement_n make_v with_o near_a a_o
into_o a_o bottle_n and_o immerse_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n long_o the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o cement_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n 2._o see_v plat._n 6_o fig._n 2._o and_o because_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n another_o make_v of_o white_a glass_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o former_a to_o the_o middle_n of_o who_o cavity_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n extend_v so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rise_a water_n have_v more_o space_n to_o move_v in_o when_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o such_o force_n that_o it_o fly_v violent_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v leisurely_o expanded_a and_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v less_o powerful_a the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n gradual_o cease_v in_o its_o ascent_n unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o fresh_a exsuction_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o as_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v narrow_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v slow_a and_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v long_o continue_v second_o if_o a_o pipe_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o branch_a out_o into_o several_a small_a one_o with_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_v of_o they_o the_o water_n will_v fly_v out_o as_o out_o of_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o grotto_n three_o if_o the_o bottle_n to_o who_o neck_n the_o tube_n be_v cement_v be_v large_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v so_o much_o the_o long_o and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v reiterated_a by_o first_o let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o then_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n by_o pump_v it_o out_o afresh_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o expement_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o a_o much_o great_a height_n than_o the_o pipe_n we_o make_v use_v of_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o its_o spring_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o adventitious_a heat_n three_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v the_o upper_a receiver_n be_v take_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v the_o water_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o several_a bubble_n get_v through_o the_o water_n join_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n but_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v take_v off_o a_o considerable_a time_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n continue_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o water_n as_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v before_o expanded_a can_v not_o be_v bring_v again_o to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o compression_n but_o like_o a_o balance_n put_v in_o motion_n continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n resist_v each_o impress_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o the_o chief_a remark_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o salient_a water_n in_o the_o receiver_n form_v several_a large_a line_n some_o of_o which_o be_v parabolical_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v experiment_n v._o about_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o attraction_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o solid_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o attrition_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o intercept_a air_n to_o try_v how_o far_o this_o may_v be_v true_a i_o cause_v a_o strong_a spring_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n see_v plate_n the_o six_o 3._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 3._o figure_v much_o like_o the_o lathe_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o staple_n trencher_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v fix_v a_o concave_a piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o burning-glass_n about_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o moderate_o slender_a to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o convex_a piece_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n which_o have_v a_o square_a handle_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o wood_n the_o other_o end_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o a_o wooden_a pillar_n make_v use_v instead_o of_o our_o vertical_a cylinder_n and_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o turn-key_n be_v of_o such_o a_o size_n that_o when_o the_o stopple_n be_v depress_v into_o the_o socket_n make_v in_o the_o brass_n cover_v the_o concave_a and_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o brass_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o wooden_a pillar_n and_o the_o spring_n be_v squeeze_v together_o and_o the_o spring_n in_o some_o measure_n expanded_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o a_o mercurial_a gange_n convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o wimble_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v turn_v round_o for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n we_o present_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o brass_n betwixt_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v some_o powder_a amel_n to_o make_v they_o move_v more_o easy_o one_o upon_o another_o be_v sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o further_o depress_v they_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o touch_v they_o and_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n succeed_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o of_o oak_n and_o the_o other_o of_o beech._n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o solid_n may_v cause_v a_o considerable_a warmth_n when_o the_o air_n betwixt_o their_o superficies_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o disjoyn_v of_o two_o marble_n not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v separate_v without_o a_o considerable_a weight_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n have_v several_a time_n suspend_v two_o flat_a polish_v marble_n who_o contiguous_a superficies_n be_v moisten_v with_o oil_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o considerable_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o will_v sometime_o fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o eighteen_o suction_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o eight_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n be_v only_o suspend_v at_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o they_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 80_o pound_n without_o separate_n but_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n with_o a_o brass_n conver_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o and_o suspend_v two_o contiguous_a marble_n in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o few_o ounce_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a the_o string_n which_o suspend_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brass_n stopple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shorten_v the_o string_n the_o marble_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n but_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n they_o present_o fall_v asunder_o yet_o have_v so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o low_a shall_v not_o fall_v too_o far_o the_o other_o be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v so_o close_o compress_v together_o again_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o easy_o as_o before_o yet_o if_o by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n the_o uppermost_a be_v raise_v before_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o lowermost_a behind_o it_o experiment_n vii_o a_o way_n to_o break_v flat_a glass_n speedy_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o round_a figure_n of_o a_o body_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v a_o more_o violent_a pressure_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o body_n otherwise_o shape_v
rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n
that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n be_v bring_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v at_o 10_o inch_n high_a second_o if_o instead_o of_o draw_v any_o out_o air_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a than_o it_o be_v former_a station_n three_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v as_o to_o make_v the_o mercury_n subside_o to_o a_o level_n experiment_n xxii_o in_o tubes_n open_a at_o both_o end_n when_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pretend_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n will_v impel_v quicksilver_n no_o high_o in_o slender_a than_o in_o large_a pipe_n pipe_n the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n equal_a in_o small_a and_o wide_a pipe_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v buoy_v up_o mercury_n equal_a in_o large_a as_o in_o small_a tube_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v put_v as_o much_o mercury_n into_o a_o glass_n tube_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o as_o reach_v 3_o or_o 4_o finger_n the_o one_o end_v be_v seal_v hermetical_o we_o hang_v two_o tube_n by_o string_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v water_n upon_o the_o mercury_n and_o observe_v the_o mercury_n to_o be_v equal_o raise_v in_o the_o great_a pipe_n as_o in_o the_o little_a one_o and_o the_o water_n be_v suck_v out_o it_o proportionable_o subside_v in_o each_o the_o ii_o trial_n have_v pour_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n near_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o fill_v two_o pipe_n of_o mercury_n of_o a_o unequal_a boar_n the_o one_o end_v of_o each_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v we_o immerse_v they_o in_o the_o large_a tube_n contrive_v to_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n when_o below_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o not_o only_a both_o of_o they_o subside_v to_o a_o equal_a station_n but_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o buoy_v they_o up_o both_o alike_o in_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o water_n be_v successive_o suck_v out_o and_o put_v in_o again_o the_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n proportionable_o fall_v and_o rise_v equal_o in_o both_o no_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o wideness_n of_o their_o diameter_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n experiment_n xxiii_o at_o what_o height_n mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n as_o well_o as_o pure_a mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v have_v fill_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n and_o invert_v it_o it_o do_v not_o fall_v below_o 31_o inch_n in_o try_v this_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o if_o the_o amalgama_n be_v too_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o stick_v to_o the_o tube_n and_o will_v likewise_o hinder_v several_a aerial_a corpuscle_n from_o fly_v away_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_v so_o do_v its_o ascent_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la three_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o consider_v whether_o these_o two_o metal_n penetrate_v each_o other_o dimension_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v copper_n and_o tin_n to_o do_v and_o by_o form_v a_o new_a metalline_a substance_n to_o render_v the_o composition_n heavy_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o single_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o method_n of_o make_v barometer_n which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o distant_a country_n to_o make_v a_o portable_a barometer_n we_o take_v a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n long_o and_o have_v bend_v one_o end_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o short_a leg_n about_o a_o four_o part_n as_o long_o as_o the_o other_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n we_o inject_v mercury_n into_o the_o short_a leg_n by_o a_o tunnel_n till_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n in_o both_o leg_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v stop_v with_o the_o finger_n we_o incline_v the_o long_a leg_n and_o so_o by_o successive_o fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o incline_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v into_o the_o long_a we_o fill_v the_o long_a leg_n quite_o full_a of_o mercury_n and_o by_o incline_v it_o several_a time_n afterward_o and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n which_o usual_o lie_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o seal_a head_n to_o run_v through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n backward_o and_o forward_o we_o free_v it_o from_o those_o bubble_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o its_o pore_n but_o beside_o this_o way_n of_o fill_v the_o pipe_n we_o have_v with_o less_o trouble_n do_v it_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tunnel_n which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o little_a incline_v reach_v a_o little_a above_o the_o flexure_n of_o the_o syphon_n will_v fill_v the_o tube_n without_o much_o trouble_n and_o the_o pipe_n thus_o fill_v with_o mercury_n may_v by_o often_o erect_v of_o it_o and_o shake_v the_o pipe_n so_o erect_v be_v free_v from_o those_o airy_a particle_n which_o common_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n 2._o see_v the_o whole_a barometer_n plat._n 7._o fig._n ig_a 2._o the_o barometer_n be_v thus_o order_v we_o contrive_v a_o frame_n to_o carry_v it_o in_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n in_o which_o a_o gutter_n be_v cut_v for_o the_o pipe_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v likewise_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o contain_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o this_o tube_n the_o pipe_n be_v lodge_v in_o this_o gutter_n we_o fix_v a_o cover_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o frame_n with_o little_a highe_n the_o other_o when_o occasion_n require_v be_v fasten_v with_o hasp_v and_o because_o the_o motion_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v put_v into_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o pipe_n be_v there_o too_o much_o liberty_n give_v it_o to_o move_v in_o or_o be_v there_o any_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o gutter_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o we_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v cotton_n both_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o betwixt_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o and_o that_o the_o empty_a space_n which_o be_v usual_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a we_o take_v care_n to_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o remain_a space_n unpossessed_a with_o mercury_n either_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o mercury_n or_o with_o water_n seal_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a tube_n hermetical_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v use_v again_o and_o then_o the_o superflous_a mercury_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o immerse_v a_o small_a pipe_n in_o it_o which_o if_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n will_v take_v away_o so_o much_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o immersed_a tube_n have_v receive_v into_o it_o but_o if_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o may_v be_v lick_v up_o with_o a_o sponge_n and_o if_o by_o shake_v of_o this_o barometer_n in_o long_a journey_n any_o particle_n shall_v get_v out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o large_a by_o successive_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v backward_o and_o forward_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n may_v easy_o be_v free_v from_o bubble_n of_o what_o use_v this_o barometer_n may_v be_v in_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o long_a journey_n both_o at_o sea_n and_o at_o land_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o consider_v only_o i_o shall_v annex_v this_o advertisement_n that_o sometime_o after_o i_o make_v this_o barometer_n have_v carry_v it_o about_o 33_o mile_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o do_v not_o rise_v by_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n i_o can_v yet_o determine_v experiment_n xxv_o what_o height_n the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n some_o observation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n especial_o the_o picinino_n of_o teneriff_n have_v observe_v the_o height_n at_o which_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o a_o barometer_n make_v the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o height_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n
cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o candle_n who_o flame_n be_v visible_a though_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n who_o colour_n be_v between_o blue_n and_o green_a and_o after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n will_v be_v of_o a_o reddish_n or_o orange_n colour_n very_o vivid_v which_o meteor_n i_o suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o extricate_a themselves_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o a_o hot_a iron_n to_o the_o cement_n cause_v a_o explosion_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v put_v in_o motion_n and_o dispose_v to_o expansion_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a position_n of_o those_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o receiver_n and_o various_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n i_o observe_v several_a steam_n to_o rise_v up_o from_o the_o cement_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o if_o we_o continue_v to_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n it_o will_v become_v clear_a and_o clear_a and_o the_o colour_n more_o dilute_a till_o the_o cement_n be_v enable_v to_o emit_v more_o steam_n by_o re-applying_a a_o hot_a iron_n to_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o steam_n do_v not_o so_o plentiful_o rise_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n be_v less_o agitate_a as_o the_o heat_n decline_v and_o further_o because_o they_o want_v air_n to_o support_v they_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v intimate_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n i_o convey_v some_o of_o the_o cement_n melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o open_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n to_o let_v out_o the_o air_n the_o steam_n will_v for_o some_o time_n plentiful_o fly_v about_o but_o after_o a_o 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way_n too_o easy_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n therefore_o to_o be_v more_o exact_a i_o cause_v two_o cylinder_n to_o be_v make_v different_a both_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o one_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o former_a i_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n which_o contain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n and_o have_v order_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v exhaust_v i_o find_v that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o weight_n of_o 10_o pound_v averdupoiz_n weight_n but_o though_o the_o bladder_n for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v the_o air_n from_o fly_v away_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v load_v with_o the_o utmost_a weight_n it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v some_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n render_v our_o trial_n less_o satisfactory_a wherefore_o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o cylinder_n 4_o inch_n deep_a and_o two_o in_o diameter_n which_o have_v a_o broad_a basis_n to_o stand_v upon_o we_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n into_o it_o well_o blow_a and_o tie_v 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n the_o 2_o and_o 4._o and_o put_v a_o wooden_a plug_n upon_o that_o we_o load_v the_o plug_n with_o weight_n amount_v to_o 35_o pound_n the_o uppermost_a of_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turning-key_n to_o prevent_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o then_o the_o plug_n be_v mark_v at_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o lift_v up_o the_o plug_n considerable_o yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o mark_n be_v below_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o receiver_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v again_o a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o bladder_n raise_v the_o plug_n so_o high_a that_o 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when_o the_o bladder_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n we_o take_v care_n to_o adapt_v it_o by_o easy_a and_o frequent_a compression_n to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v place_v in_o make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cylinder_n where_n the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v compress_v to_o that_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o weight_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v above_o that_o mark_n for_o the_o air_n be_v preternatural_o compress_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o accidental_a pressure_n may_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o air_n uncompress_v so_o that_o the_o weight_n it_o raise_v above_o that_o mark_n be_v alone_o to_o be_v take_v for_o what_o air_n
condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o 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determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v adapt_v itself_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o observing_z how_o much_o the_o plug_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o lay_v the_o weight_n upon_o it_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o figure_n the_o 5_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o inch_n broad_a lift_v up_o 75_o pound_n at_o the_o 5_o exsuction_n so_o high_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o mark_n 5._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 5._o and_o at_o 2_o exsuction_n more_o it_o be_v elevate_v 3_o 10_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n the_o mercury_n that_o usual_o stand_v at_o ⅛_n above_o the_o high_a glass_n mark_v subside_v to_o ⅛_n below_o the_o second_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o after_o some_o time_n the_o bladder_n subside_v again_o and_o be_v take_v out_o exact_o answer_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v at_o the_o 24_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v depress_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n and_o at_o the_o 35th_o to_o ⅛_n below_o it_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n in_o which_o we_o heap_v flat_a weight_n one_o upon_o another_o the_o air_n raise_v 100_o pound_n weight_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v raise_v much_o more_o have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o much_o strain_v as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o some_o air_n to_o get_v out_o at_o a_o leak_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o such_o receiver_n must_v not_o be_v very_o wide_a for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o be_v crack_v by_o the_o violent_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xi_o to_o compare_v the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n i_o weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o i_o find_v to_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o grain_n more_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n we_o turn_v the_o cock_n again_o to_o keep_v that_o water_n in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o weigh_v the_o water_n weigh_v 47_o ounce_n 3_o drachm_n and_o 6_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o its_o bulk_n of_o air_n near_o 650_o grain_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v boy_v up_o to_o 29_o inch_n ¾_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n and_o condense_a state_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v great_a than_o than_o usual_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o disproportion_n be_v not_o as_o great_a as_o at_o other_o time_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n join_v with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n may_v hinder_v so_o much_o water_n from_o get_v in_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o exhaust_v air_n beside_o several_a particle_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o get_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n whilst_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v which_o join_v with_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n may_v contribute_v to_o prevent_v a_o sufficient_a ingress_n of_o water_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o various_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v exact_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o it_o and_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o water_n be_v to_o air_n some_o number_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 1100_o to_o 1_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o or_o less_o condense_v but_o
rise_v 34_o ½_n july_n 28_o it_o rise_v 36_o july_n 29_o it_o rise_v 40_o july_n 30_o it_o rise_v 44_o foot_n high_a those_o apricock_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v moist_a and_o begin_v to_o dissolve_v in_o water_n july_n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 51_o aug._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 2_o it_o be_v 65_o foot_n high_a the_o fruit_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n very_o soft_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o air_n of_o cherry_n hasten_v alteration_n in_o colour_n and_o firmness_n in_o apricock_n experiment_n x._o july_n 30._o plum_n cut_v in_o piece_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o likewise_o with_o common_a air_n and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n of_o gooseberry_n aug._n 2._o in_o the_o latter_a they_o be_v unaltered_a in_o common_a air_n they_o grow_v mouldy_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o become_v soft_a aug._n 5._o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n they_o become_v red_a soft_a and_o moist_a in_o common_a air_n black_a and_o mouldy_a yet_o firm_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o be_v near_o a_o dissolution_n august_n 7._o they_o become_v soft_a in_o common_a air._n august_n 8._o they_o become_v red_a instead_o of_o black_a artificial_a air_n seem_v to_o promote_v alteration_n experiment_n xi_o sept._n 24._o receiver_n peach_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n five_o peach_n be_v close_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o artificial_a air_n of_o grape_n together_o with_o common_a air._n sept._n 25_o the_o mercury_n be_v 21_o inch_n high_a sept._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 27_o it_o rise_v to_o 31_o sept._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 39_o sept._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 42_o sept._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o oct._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n oct._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n the_o peach_n be_v wet_a oct._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o oct._n 11_o a_o little_a high_o oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v to_o 95_o oct._n 25_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o very_o cold._a the_o cold_a abate_n it_o ascend_v oct._n 27_o oct._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o â—_o â—_o nou._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 59_o very_o cold._a nou._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o a_o thaw_v nou._n 7_o a_o little_a high_o nou._n 9_o at_o the_o same_o height_n nou._n 9_o in_o a_o month_n it_o gradual_o ascend_v to_o 8_o inch_n april_n 1_o it_o be_v 96._o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_a as_o the_o air_n break_v out_o it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n their_o taste_n and_o colour_n be_v good_a the_o consistence_n of_o they_o be_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v boil_v and_o in_o three_o hour_n time_n they_o be_v rot_a body_n corrupt_v less_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o factitious_a and_o common_a air_n than_o in_o the_o latter_a itself_o experiment_n xii_o august_n 4._o receiver_n pear_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n four_o piece_n of_o pear_n be_v close_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o this_o fruit_n be_v equal_o alter_v as_o of_o other_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o august_n 7._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a the_o alteration_n in_o the_o pear_n be_v small_a august_n 8._o they_o be_v very_o little_o alter_v the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v 4_o inch_n august_n 9_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 6_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o the_o pear_n grow_v soft_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 21_o aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o aug._n 17_o air_n get_v out_o aug._n 8_o the_o air_n be_v get_v out_o and_o the_o fruit_n take_v out_o it_o be_v rot_v august_n 4._o other_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o as_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o sustain_v 23_o digit_n of_o mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o they_o be_v a_o little_a alter_v august_n 7._o they_o be_v almost_o all_o rot_a the_o mercury_n neither_o subside_v nor_o ascend_v august_n 8._o they_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v august_n 10._o they_o gradual_o become_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 40_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 51_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 67_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 73_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o it_o descend_v though_o no_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o august_n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v 67_o digit_n high_a no_o air_n get_v out_o august_n 18._o the_o mercury_n subside_v not_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v acid_n and_o their_o substance_n very_o soft_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n likewise_o smell_v very_o sharp_a august_n 4._o 77._o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o they_o alter_v their_o colour_n august_n 7._o a_o piece_n of_o a_o pear_n become_v soft_a and_o another_o in_o artificial_a air_n be_v putrid_a the_o day_n before_o august_n 8._o they_o be_v all_o soft_a and_o one_o be_v mouldy_a august_n 9_o their_o rottenness_n gradual_o increase_v august_n 11._o they_o be_v altogether_o rot_a and_o mucid_a from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o former_a it_o appear_v that_o rottenness_n be_v equal_o promote_v in_o include_v and_o open_a air_n though_o much_o fast_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o latter_a august_n 4._o 77._o several_a piece_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la august_n 6_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v 5_o digit_n aug._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 8_o aug._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 12_o aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 14_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 25_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 28_o august_n 20._o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o change_v till_o to_o day_n when_o be_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n august_n 26._o all_o thing_n remain_v as_o before_o from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o apt_a artificial_a air_n be_v to_o soften_v fruit._n experiment_n xiii_o august_n 21._o 77._o receiver_n apricock_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n six_o apricock_n be_v divide_v into_o quarter_n one_o piece_n of_o each_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 22._o they_o seem_v riper_n august_n 23._o one_o piece_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n acquire_v mouldiness_n the_o other_o beginning_n to_o putrify_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a august_n 24._o those_o next_o the_o water_n be_v not_o only_o mouldy_a but_o all_o rot_a august_n 25._o putrefaction_n gradual_o become_v great_a the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 7_o inch_n aug._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 15_o aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 33_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o †_o a_o little_a sept._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 41_o sept._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 43_o sept._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o sept._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 22._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n vary_v little_a the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v octob._n 1_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n which_o remain_v undissolve_v be_v subacid_a and_o grateful_a the_o mercury_n then_o stand_v about_o 46_o inch_n high_a august_n 21._o 77._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v place_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o outward_a air_n august_n 22._o they_o become_v as_o flaccid_a as_o if_o they_o be_v wither_v august_n 23._o many_o be_v rot_a and_o mouldy_a august_n 24._o they_o be_v whole_o putrify_v august_n 21._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o apricock_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o artificial_a air_n from_o pear_n add_v as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 20_o inch_n august_n 22._o the_o mercury_n stand_v still_o but_o become_v riper_n than_o those_o in_o open_a air._n august_n 23._o the_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o in_o common_a air._n august_n 24._o they_o be_v unaltered_a august_n 25._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n but_o the_o quantity_n be_v not_o discernible_a august_n 26._o they_o undergo_v no_o considerable_a change_n august_n 28._o they_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o little_a moist_a yet_o the_o alteration_n they_o undergo_v be_v not_o
part_n of_o sugar_n a_o four_o have_v 5_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o sugar_n include_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n decemb._n 21._o in_o the_o first_o the_o sugar_n be_v not_o melt_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a in_o the_o second_o the_o sugar_n be_v melt_v and_o the_o apple_n shrivel_a they_o yield_v much_o air_n when_o first_o include_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o other_o two_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a in_o the_o three_o the_o piece_n of_o apple_n be_v corrupt_v very_o much_o for_o the_o skin_n be_v take_v off_o decemb._n 22._o air_n be_v produce_v in_o all_o the_o receiver_n but_o most_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o decemb._n 27._o in_o the_o 3_o first_o the_o mercury_n be_v 10_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o four_o 6._o decemb._n 31._o in_o the_o one_a and_o second_o it_o be_v 13._o in_o the_o 3d._n 15._o in_o the_o four_o 9_o jan_n 2._o 79._o in_o the_o one_a and_o second_o almost_o 14._o in_o the_o 3d._n 17._o in_o the_o four_o 11._o jan._n 7._o in_o the_o 2d_o it_o be_v 16._o in_o the_o 3d._n 36._o in_o the_o four_o 15._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o rise_v no_o high_o but_o the_o air_n make_v its_o escape_n when_o the_o screw_n be_v ease_v jan._n 9_o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a in_o the_o 2d_o 16._o in_o the_o 3d._n 39_o in_o the_o four_o 15._o jan._n 17._o in_o the_o one_a 13._o in_o the_o 2d_o 19_o in_o the_o 3d._n 56._o in_o the_o four_o 17._o jan._n 30._o in_o the_o 3d._n 76._o digit_n the_o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o therefore_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n the_o fruit_n have_v communicate_v its_o taste_n which_o be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o water_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o 2d_o be_v raise_v no_o high_o i_o open_v it_o and_o find_v that_o the_o first_o be_v better_a taste_v than_o the_o former_a and_o have_v communicate_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n it_o be_v taste_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la sugar_n it_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o good_a syrup_n feb._n 16._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 22._o in_o the_o four_o 33._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v i_o find_v that_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o first_o be_v whole_o impart_v to_o the_o water_n have_v make_v it_o very_o pleasant_a feb._n 27._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 30_o digit_n high_a march_n 15._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v i_o find_v that_o though_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o apple_n be_v good_a yet_o the_o pulp_n be_v spongy_a and_o have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n lose_v its_o taste_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o sugar_n do_v not_o preserve_v fruit_n so_o well_o as_o ferment_v liquor_n see_v exp._n vii_o experiment_n xviii_o decemb._n 23._o a_o glass_n vessel_n be_v full_a of_o milk_n receiver_n milk_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n and_o stop_v with_o a_o screw_n be_v convey_v into_o one_o receiver_n and_o milk_n with_o a_o lark_n in_o it_o into_o another_o decemb._n 24._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o caseous_a and_o butyrous_a part_n be_v separate_v both_o in_o the_o milk_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o in_o some_o of_o the_o same_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n decemb._n 27._o no_o air_n generate_v where_o the_o lark_n be_v the_o other_o gage_n be_v spoil_v decemb._n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v in_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o lark_n 3_o day_n since_o milk_n that_o have_v all_o the_o while_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n stink_v jan._n 1._o 79._o the_o mercury_n be_v 10_o inch_n high_a where_o the_o lark_n be_v contain_v jan._n 2._o it_o be_v 14_o ½_n the_o milk_n below_o the_o butyrous_a part_n seem_v red_a jan._n 4._o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o digit_n white_a serum_n grow_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o milk_n jan._n 9_o the_o mercury_n be_v 29_o digit_n high_a jan._n 25._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o lark_n smell_v strong_a but_o when_o bolled_a taste_v pleasant_a though_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v 32_o day_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n the_o butyrous_a part_n be_v sour_a but_o the_o caseous_a part_n taste_v subacid_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o milk_n may_v preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xix_o decemb._n 24._o 78._o a_o lark_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n butter_n a_o lark_n with_o melt_v butter_n and_o the_o remain_v space_n fill_v up_o with_o melt_v butter_n decemb._n 27._o the_o mercury_n sink_v the_o butter_n grow_v yellow_a below_o white_a in_o the_o middle_a and_o fluid_n above_o jan._n 5._o 79._o the_o mercury_n gradual_o rise_v 9_o it_o be_v a_o little_a high_o 28._o it_o be_v alter_v but_o little_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o butter_n contiguous_a to_o the_o leather_n which_o line_v the_o cover_n be_v of_o a_o ungrateful_a taste_n and_o white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o butter_n be_v yellow_a and_o rancid_a the_o lark_n be_v roast_v be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o butter_n when_o melt_v and_o hot_a do_v not_o preserve_v flesh_n so_o well_o as_o otherwise_o experiment_n xx._n jan._n 4._o 79._o a_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o boil_v flesh_n and_o broth_n whilst_o the_o screw_n be_v set_a broth._n boil_a flesh_n and_o broth._n they_o be_v so_o compress_v as_o to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 6_o digit_n but_o it_o soon_o subside_v again_o jan._n 28._o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v 8_o digit_n below_o its_o usual_a height_n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v we_o find_v the_o flesh_n sweet_a and_o pleasant_a the_o broth_n subacid_n and_o well_o taste_v this_o experiment_n teach_v that_o beef_n be_v keep_v in_o receiver_n as_o long_o as_o experience_n show_v that_o it_o may_v and_o then_o take_v out_o and_o boil_v and_o include_v again_o in_o receiver_n may_v be_v carry_v to_o sea_n without_o salt_v it_o which_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o help_v to_o preserve_v beef_n fresh_a in_o long_a voyage_n see_n exp._n xii_o experiment_n xxi_o jan._n 30._o 79._o cloves_n raw_a flesh_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n raw_a flesh_n be_v include_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n in_o one_o receiver_n and_o in_o another_o by_o itself_o feb._n 11._o in_o the_o first_o the_o mercury_n be_v 3_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o second_o almost_o 1_o ½_n feb._n 12._o in_o the_o first_o 4_o ½_n in_o the_o second_o 1_o ½_n feb._n 13._o in_o the_o first_o 6_o ✚_o in_o the_o second_o 3._o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o first_o be_v boil_v be_v tender_a and_o pleasant_a feb._n 14._o in_o the_o second_o 5_o 19_o in_o the_o second_o 6_o 20_o in_o the_o second_o 11._o the_o flesh_n be_v boil_v be_v tender_a and_o good_a though_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o b._n mariae_fw-la but_o 5_o hour_n some_o of_o it_o before_o it_o be_v boil_v be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n free_a from_o air._n feb._n 28._o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a march_n 20._o the_o mercury_n be_v 16_o digit_n high_a the_o flesh_n be_v take_v out_o taste_v pleasant_a but_o be_v incline_v to_o corruption_n experiment_n xxii_o feb._n 10._o raw_a beef_n season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n in_o another_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o salt_n in_o a_o three_o alone_a feb._n 19_o in_o the_o one_a and_o 3d._n the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o the_o 2d_o it_o do_v not_o feb._n 21._o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 4_o ½_n in_o the_o 3d._n 10_o in_o the_o 2d_o 0._o 25_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 6_o in_o the_o 3d._n 19_o in_o the_o second_o ½_n 26._o no_o ascent_n the_o three_o be_v open_v and_o the_o flesh_n boil_v it_o taste_v well_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n spice_n seem_v to_o hinder_v but_o here_o they_o promote_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o difference_n in_o these_o two_o experiment_n depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o so_o close_a that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o air_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o march_n 9_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o one_a be_v 8_o digit_n in_o the_o 2d_o none_o 12._o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 12_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o april_n 3_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 11_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o april_n 3_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 11_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o flesh_n boil_v it_o be_v sweet_a and_o tender_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v infer_v that_o salt_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n less_o air_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o second_o receiver_n because_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o fill_v to_o preserve_v flesh_n without_o salt_n the_o air_n must_v be_v keep_v out_o and_o likewise_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a compression_n in_o the_o receiver_n of_o what_o use_n these_o
mercury_n so_o easy_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v rather_o penetrate_v than_o buoy_n it_o up_o suction_n the_o reason_n of_o suction_n to_o show_v in_o opposition_n to_o mr._n hobbs_n how_o much_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v concern_v in_o suction_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n who_o long_a stem_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o very_a slender_a and_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n expel_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o when_o by_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n that_o rarefy_v air_n which_o remain_v in_o it_o be_v condense_v the_o water_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o this_o be_v do_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v rarify_v it_o force_v out_o almost_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n only_o a_o few_o drop_n which_o satisfy_v we_o that_o none_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n have_v get_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n so_o low_o assure_v we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o expand_v as_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o air_n be_v thus_o rarify_v we_o present_o remove_v the_o pipe_n out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o stagant_a mercury_n which_o ascend_v into_o it_o in_o a_o short_a time_n in_o which_o experiment_n do_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o do_v its_o ascent_n depend_v on_o any_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n or_o on_o the_o compression_n and_o propagate_v pulsion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v expel_v there_o will_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o mercury_n shall_v not_o rise_v as_o high_a as_o the_o water_n but_o from_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n together_o with_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v equiponderant_a with_o the_o atmosphere_n incumbent_a it_o rise_v no_o high_o so_o that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v less_o condense_v when_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o mercury_n yet_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o mercury_n make_v a_o great_a resistance_n than_o water_n the_o external_a air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o buoy_v it_o up_o any_o high_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n enclose_v and_o this_o experiment_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a for_o have_v expel_v a_o little_a air_n out_o of_o the_o bubble_n by_o heat_n so_o much_o quicksilver_n ascend_v into_o it_o as_o fill_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v careful_o remove_v so_o that_o no_o mercury_n can_v run_v out_o we_o cause_v the_o air_n in_o the_o globous_a part_n to_o be_v rarify_v till_o almost_o all_o the_o mercury_n be_v expel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v all_o the_o while_n immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n include_v begin_v to_o cool_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ball_n buoy_v up_o the_o mercury_n before_o it_o whereit_n be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rarify_v and_o the_o quicksilver_n exepl_v out_o of_o the_o stem_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n will_v proportionable_o vary_v so_o that_o as_o the_o body_n to_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o external_n air_n vary_v in_o weight_n so_o do_v the_o degree_n of_o its_o ascent_n another_o observation_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o circulation_n of_o wind_n such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n be_v that_o smoak_n will_v ascend_v without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o blow_v about_o but_o since_o mr._n hobbs_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o assert_n that_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o close_a and_o solid_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v expel_v the_o air_n by_o rarefaction_n out_o of_o a_o very_a thin_a aeopile_n and_o stop_v the_o orifice_n up_o with_o wax_n the_o external_n air_n make_v such_o a_o violent_a pressure_n on_o it_o as_o to_o thrust_v the_o side_n of_o it_o considerable_o inward_o chap._n vii_o the_o cause_n of_o attraction_n by_o suction_n what_o attraction_n what_o suction_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o attraction_n before_o i_o descend_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v premise_v something_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o attraction_n be_v general_o take_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o pulsion_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o the_o same_o local_a motion_n in_o which_o if_o a_o body_n move_v precede_v the_o movent_fw-la or_o tend_v to_o acquire_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o we_o call_v it_o pulsion_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o motion_n the_o same_o body_n either_o follow_v or_o tend_v towards_o the_o movent_fw-la it_o be_v term_v attraction_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o physical_a one_o but_o only_o accidental_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o line_n of_o motion_n to_o the_o movent_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n draw_v a_o chain_n after_o he_o though_o he_o go_v before_o it_o yet_o he_o have_v some_o part_n of_o his_o body_n behind_o one_o link_n which_o draw_v the_o rest_n after_o it_o and_o so_o if_o that_o chain_n draw_v any_o thing_n after_o it_o though_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o attraction_n go_v before_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a cohesion_n of_o part_n that_o enable_v it_o to_o drag_v that_o body_n after_o it_o so_o that_o attraction_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o species_n of_o pulsion_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v usual_o term_a trusion_n as_o when_o a_o gardener_n drive_v his_o wheelbarrow_n before_o he_o without_o let_v go_v his_o hold._n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v attraction_n where_o it_o can_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o attrahent_fw-la come_v behind_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n attract_v as_o in_o magnetical_a and_o electrical_a attraction_n or_o as_o when_o water_n rise_v by_o pump_v as_o for_o the_o two_o first_o instance_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o 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shall_v be_v think_v to_o subside_o only_o for_o want_v of_o the_o internal_a air_n to_o bear_v it_o up_o we_o continue_v pump_v till_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o egg_n expand_v further_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n the_o air_n be_v thus_o far_o rarify_v we_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bubble_n with_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 20_o and_o consequent_o according_a to_o euclid_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o sphere_n be_v triplicate_v to_o that_o of_o their_o diameter_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o lesser_a being_n one_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o other_o must_v be_v 8000._o so_o that_o the_o air_n expanded_a possess_v 8000_o time_n the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o glass_n egg_n be_v fill_v with_o such_o water_n again_o and_o no_o air_n include_v in_o it_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v yet_o 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the_o progress_n i_o have_v make_v yet_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a attempt_n on_o that_o occasion_n a_o glass_n bubble_n new_o blow_v and_o whilst_o it_o contain_v none_o but_o rarify_v air_n have_v its_o stem_n immediate_o clap_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o seal_v up_o many_o month_n after_o it_o be_v invert_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n and_o the_o seal_n break_v off_o under_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o though_o water_n be_v violent_o impel_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o yet_o the_o include_v air_n have_v so_o far_o retain_v its_o spring_n as_o not_o to_o suffer_v the_o cavity_n to_o be_v quite_o fill_v with_o water_n another_o method_n i_o take_v to_o show_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n leave_v a_o small_a portion_n of_o air_n in_o the_o fold_n of_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n who_o neck_n be_v close_o tie_v it_o be_v enclose_v in_o another_o vessel_n and_o convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o expanded_a air_n distend_v the_o bladder_n so_o that_o it_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o vessel_n by_o who_o side_n it_o be_v guard_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n so_o that_o the_o expanded_a air_n keep_v the_o bladder_n distend_v two_o year_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o contrive_v a_o instrument_n by_o which_o i_o can_v learn_v whether_o and_o how_o long_a air_n various_o expanded_a will_v retain_v its_o spring_n by_o which_o i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o the_o air_n lose_v any_o thing_n considerable_a of_o its_o spring_n in_o ten_o week_n time_n another_o instrument_n i_o make_v use_v of_o by_o which_o i_o can_v find_v that_o air_n expanded_a to_o 1000_o time_n it_o be_v usual_a dimension_n will_v be_v sensible_o affect_v by_o heat_n and_o lose_v the_o expansion_n it_o gain_v thereby_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o heat_n march_n 18._o we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o cylindrical_a glass_n have_v a_o long_a stem_n at_o the_o unseal_v end_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o invert_v into_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o large_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_v and_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n long_o which_o be_v do_v the_o large_a pipe_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o air_n the_o invert_v pipe_n possess_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o it_o down_o to_o the_o stem_n upon_o which_o the_o large_a tube_n be_v close_v up_o the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v the_o same_o space_n 3_o month_n after_o except_o that_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o stem_n upon_o extreme_a cold_n the_o water_n rise_v ⅛_n or_o near_a ¼_n the_o close_v apex_n be_v break_v open_a under_o water_n it_o gradual_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n except_o a_o small_a space_n possess_v by_o a_o little_a bubble_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v ⅗_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n 3_o inch_n the_o bubble_n be_v about_o 2_o 10_o in_o diameter_n and_o 2_o 100_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v according_a to_o dr_n wallis_n his_o computation_n to_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v when_o expanded_a as_o 1_o to_o 1350._o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o mere_a cold_a and_o its_o compression_n without_o mechanichal_n engine_n etc._n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n by_o cold_a etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v condense_v by_o mere_a cold_a when_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v not_o pre-affected_n it_o i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n in_o autumn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n about_o noon_n on_o a_o sun-shiny_a day_n we_o place_v a_o bolt_n head_n in_o a_o frame_n so_o that_o the_o stem_n be_v
poison_n and_o in_o some_o a_o faintness_n and_o dispiritedness_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o several_a physician_n and_o that_o mineral_n expiration_n may_v cause_v a_o determinate_a distemper_n we_o may_v learn_v from_o a_o observation_n of_o i_o which_o be_v that_o a_o chemist_n rub_v very_o often_o red_a arsenic_n in_o a_o mortar_n and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o excellent_a medicine_n of_o it_o first_o complain_v to_o i_o of_o a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v and_o sometime_o of_o pain_n and_o tumour_n in_o his_o testicle_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o much_o doubt_v whether_o mineral_n effluvia_fw-la penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n or_o not_o by_o those_o that_o shall_v know_v that_o the_o fume_n of_o sulphur_n be_v so_o penetrate_v that_o at_o the_o picinino_n of_o teneriff_n they_o blacken_v silver_n in_o the_o pocket_n of_o those_o that_o go_v up_o to_o it_o i_o make_v a_o preparation_n of_o sulphur_n which_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la so_o powerful_a 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effluviate_a power_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o one_o have_v a_o perfume_a watch_n which_o though_o constant_o wear_v preserve_v its_o scent_n 16_o year_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v perfume_v marble_n quite_o through_o so_o that_o they_o retain_v their_o scent_n a_o long_a time_n but_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o second_o proposition_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n that_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la may_n cause_n distemper_n not_o only_o by_o respiration_n and_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o our_o body_n but_o by_o impregnate_v the_o water_n make_v use_v of_o for_o prepare_v and_o dilute_v our_o aliment_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o water_n to_o be_v discern_v by_o we_o so_o water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la become_v emetic_n and_o indeed_o sometime_o those_o effluvia_fw-la be_v so_o numerous_a that_o in_o the_o border_n of_o lancashire_n the_o mud_n in_o a_o ditch_n be_v so_o strong_o impregnate_v 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plant_n but_o to_o keep_v their_o own_o nature_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o vine_n near_o paris_n several_a marchasitical_a particle_n throughout_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n and_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o at_o tockay_n in_o hungary_n the_o very_a kernel_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v gild_n over_o with_o leaf_n gold_n but_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a way_n by_o which_o our_o body_n may_v be_v affect_v with_o noxious_a effluvium_n we_o may_v not_o a_o little_a suffer_v by_o the_o deprave_a humour_n which_o some_o animal_n we_o feed_v upon_o be_v nourish_v by_o and_o which_o vitiate_v their_o body_n primary_o and_o secondary_o we_o as_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la may_n cause_n distemper_n so_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o possible_o in_o some_o measure_n mineral_n effluvia_fw-la may_v prevent_v distemper_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o several_a part_n of_o scotland_n be_v free_a from_o ague_n and_o that_o very_o hot_a and_o large_a region_n in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v rare_o trouble_v with_o the_o plague_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o remarkable_a that_o in_o ireland_n the_o air_n be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o emanation_n as_o prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o any_o venomous_a creature_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a instance_n from_o beguinus_n in_o his_o own_o word_n who_o say_v dignum_fw-la admiratione_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la quamvis_fw-la in_o vicinia_fw-la hydriae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la gloricensis_fw-la ubi_fw-la reperitur_fw-la copiosè_fw-la ☿_o singulis_fw-la fere_n annis_fw-la lues_fw-la pestifera_fw-la grassatur_fw-la illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la semper_fw-la immunis_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la manere_fw-la soleat_fw-la idque_fw-la viri_fw-la providae_fw-la aetatis_fw-la se_fw-la observasse_fw-la et_fw-la a_o majoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la accepisse_fw-la mihi_fw-la sancte_fw-la confirmarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v further_o that_o the_o learned_a michael_n magerus_n pronounce_v mercury_n a_o antidote_n against_o several_a disease_n and_o particular_o the_o plague_n proposition_n iii_o it_o be_v likely_a 3._o proposition_n 3._o that_o divers_a epidemical_a disease_n be_v in_o great_a part_n produce_v by_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la though_o several_a epidemical_a distemper_n be_v cause_v by_o manifest_a alteration_n in_o sensible_a quality_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o to_o show_v that_o some_o of_o they_o principal_o and_o other_o partly_o depend_v on_o the_o effect_n of_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n and_o first_o the_o structure_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o globe_n which_o be_v not_o much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o much_o more_o the_o deep_a subterraneal_a region_n be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o mineral_n substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la ascend_v thence_o into_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v excessive_a heat_n or_o cold_a or_o some_o other_o manifest_a quality_n and_o consequent_o in_o part_n occasion_n most_o epidemical_a disease_n for_o from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v it_o not_o only_o appear_v that_o these_o effluvia_fw-la by_o act_v on_o one_o another_o may_v excite_v sudden_a heat_n but_o also_o that_o mineral_n of_o different_a degree_n of_o maturity_n act_v on_o one_o another_o may_v produce_v a_o intense_a cold._n beside_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n on_o which_o epidemical_a disease_n depend_v be_v so_o considerable_a and_o instantaneous_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n which_o be_v too_o regular_a and_o constant_a in_o their_o influence_n to_o cause_v such_o anomalous_a effect_n as_o we_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n but_o be_v rather_o cause_v by_o a_o irruption_n of_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o be_v frequent_o both_o impetuous_a and_o irregular_a and_o though_o some_o attribute_v they_o to_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o
star_n yet_o the_o vanity_n of_o judiciary_n astrology_n have_v be_v so_o plain_o detect_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n i_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a that_o particular_a town_n shall_v alone_o be_v influence_v by_o such_o than_o by_o effluvium_n from_o body_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o those_o place_n stand_v and_o that_o which_o render_v it_o much_o more_o probable_a be_v that_o i_o have_v frequent_o know_v disease_n very_o fatal_a to_o happen_v sudden_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o first_o contagion_n have_v be_v accompany_v with_o a_o very_a troublesome_a fog_n that_o sudden_a and_o violent_a heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o subterraneal_a body_n not_o only_o appear_v from_o oil_n of_o vitrol_n pour_v upon_o iron_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n upon_o butter_n of_o antimony_n file_n of_o copper_n tin_n or_o crude_a antimony_n but_o from_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o powder_a marchasite_n which_o be_v accompany_v with_o very_o strong_a scent_v fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o sulphur_n have_v to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o marchasite_n and_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o german_a chemist_n that_o in_o germany_n marchasite_n which_o be_v find_v there_o will_v grow_v hot_a if_o long_o immerse_v in_o pure_a water_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v upon_o how_o many_o accident_n the_o course_n of_o subterraneal_a water_n may_v be_v turn_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o evident_a upon_o that_o account_n considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n may_v succeed_v for_o if_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v mix_v with_o powder_n of_o sulphur_n and_o that_o mixture_n be_v moisten_v with_o water_n it_o present_o grow_v very_o hot_a and_o emit_v fume_n copious_o like_o slak'd-lime_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o several_a who_o frequent_a mine_n that_o damp_n which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o subterraneal_a effluvium_n be_v not_o only_o very_o irregular_a in_o reference_n to_o their_o distance_n but_o also_o their_o duration_n and_o have_v very_o ill_a effect_n on_o those_o that_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o they_o and_o if_o such_o pernicious_a fume_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v so_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n well_o may_v they_o affect_v those_o that_o inhabit_v on_o the_o soil_n near_o which_o such_o effluvia_fw-la rise_n i_o say_v near_o which_o because_o though_o they_o do_v not_o immediate_o rise_v in_o the_o very_a town_n they_o infect_v and_o be_v carry_v thither_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o in_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n they_o may_v be_v so_o disperse_v as_o to_o have_v no_o considerable_a effect_n but_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a always_o that_o those_o effluvia_fw-la which_o cause_n distemper_n shall_v be_v noxious_a at_o their_o first_o rise_n from_o the_o earth_n since_o mineral_n fume_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n by_o associate_a with_o particular_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v dispose_v to_o act_v upon_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o to_o cause_v a_o determinate_a disease_n so_o though_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n nor_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a alone_o can_v dissolve_v gold_n yet_o aq._n regia_n which_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o both_o will_n but_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o silver_n diamond_n be_v or_o ruby_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o epidemic_a distemper_n affect_v some_o and_o let_v other_o go_v free_a it_o may_v not_o only_o be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n of_o those_o body_n but_o also_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v so_o imperfect_o mix_v with_o the_o air_n as_o to_o fall_v upon_o one_o body_n and_o not_o another_o so_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a leave_n on_o a_o tree_n blast_v with_o a_o wind_n which_o blow_v at_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o other_o on_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o ground_n be_v untouched_a nay_o the_o very_a leave_n of_o that_o be_v not_o all_o blast_a on_o that_o side_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v so_o that_o i_o suspect_v some_o arsenical_a vapour_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n cast_v upon_o they_o be_v like_o hail_n shoot_v from_o a_o gun_n and_o scatter_v in_o its_o flight_n and_o on_o a_o cause_n not_o much_o unlike_o this_o may_v depend_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o wind_n which_o cause_n blast_n on_o the_o face_n of_o some_o people_n yet_o let_v other_o go_v free_a as_o i_o remember_v i_o be_v ride_v once_o in_o the_o wind_n which_o though_o it_o disaffect_v not_o i_o yet_o my_o man_n who_o rid_v after_o i_o escape_v it_o not_o in_o favour_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n already_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o short_a duration_n of_o some_o distemper_n as_o well_o as_o their_o progressive_a motion_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v argument_n either_o that_o these_o vapour_n rise_v all_o at_o once_o and_o be_v disperse_v or_o the_o subterraneal_a commotion_n that_o cause_v they_o pass_v on_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n subjacent_a to_o another_o nor_o be_v it_o less_o consonant_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o the_o short_a duration_n of_o some_o distemper_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o successive_a rise_n of_o effluvia_fw-la since_o when_o those_o of_o one_o kind_n cease_v to_o be_v emit_v and_o another_o kind_n succeed_v the_o latter_a may_v check_v the_o former_a by_o precipitate_v they_o or_o unite_n into_o quid_fw-la tertium_fw-la less_o prejudicial_a to_o all_o animal_n body_n so_o by_o a_o ascociation_n of_o new_a particle_n with_o those_o pestilential_a effluvia_fw-la which_o cause_n a_o annual_a plague_n in_o grand_a cairo_n it_o sudden_o stop_v and_o those_o already_o infect_v die_v not_o if_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v before_o as_o a_o late_a writer_n of_o voyage_n into_o egypt_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n the_o drop_n or_o dew_n purify_v the_o air_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o plague_n cease_v to_o be_v mortal_a none_o die_v of_o it_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a all_o distemper_n cease_v and_o if_o any_o person_n grow_v sick_a he_o never_o die_v etc._n etc._n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o about_o the_o tin_n mine_n in_o devonshire_n not_o only_o the_o grass_n and_o fern_n but_o the_o tree_n will_v be_v sudden_o blast_v by_o the_o powerful_a effluvia_fw-la which_o sudden_o rise_v over_o a_o considerable_a compass_n of_o ground_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o epidemical_a distemper_n it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o plague_n and_o its_o origin_n which_o i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o for_o though_o i_o think_v it_o rather_o seem_o pious_a than_o real_o so_o to_o ascribe_v such_o thing_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n which_o may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o natural_a one_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o may_v arise_v from_o a_o supernatural_a origin_n but_o what_o ever_o may_v be_v the_o first_o origin_n of_o plague_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o propagation_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o malignant_a disposition_n in_o the_o air_n arise_v from_o some_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o malevolent_a aspect_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v too_o remote_a and_o indeterminate_a to_o act_v on_o a_o particular_a place_n beside_o according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a hypothesis_n the_o plague_n ought_v to_o rage_v most_o where_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v for_o leo_n africanus_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o numidia_n though_o rage_v hot_a it_o happen_v but_o once_o in_o a_o hundred_o year_n and_o purchas_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 13._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v not_o know_v at_o all_o in_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o seldom_o in_o japan_n or_o new-england_n and_o in_o the_o east-indies_n china_n tunquin_n and_o cochinchinâ—_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o whereas_o the_o country_n of_o china_n contain_v more_o inhabitant_n than_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o be_v the_o plague_n a_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n certain_o in_o country_n so_o large_a and_o savage_a they_o may_v expect_v it_o from_o divine_a justice_n as_o often_o as_o we_o but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o these_o history_n as_o much_o press_n our_o hypothesis_n as_o those_o other_o allege_v by_o physician_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o i_o confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o determine_v the_o original_a cause_n the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o at_o all_o shake_v since_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la will_v be_v able_a to_o propagate_v the_o plague_n there_o be_v there_o a_o original_a cause_n to_o set_v those_o secondary_a cause_n on_o work_n
but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o from_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o plague_n be_v not_o always_o so_o abstruse_a but_o sometime_o begin_v as_o well_o as_o propagate_v by_o those_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o in_o china_n and_o those_o country_n where_o the_o plague_n be_v unknown_a we_o may_v presume_v such_o noxious_a steam_n be_v not_o emit_v for_o though_o sulphur_n be_v usual_o find_v in_o many_o country_n where_o metalline_a vein_n be_v frequent_a yet_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o in_o those_o mine_n a_o ounce_n of_o native_a sulphur_n be_v ever_o find_v beside_o though_o there_o may_v be_v mineral_n in_o a_o country_n which_o may_v emit_v noxious_a vapour_n yet_o the_o mine_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v may_v by_o so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o infect_v the_o atmosphere_n powerful_o enough_o to_o cause_v a_o pestilence_n though_o promote_v in_o make_v their_o way_n by_o some_o violent_a earthquake_n when_o upon_o a_o fall_n of_o some_o weighty_a mass_n of_o earth_n in_o subterraneal_a cavern_n a_o tremble_a motion_n be_v communicat_v to_o the_o earth_n about_o it_o and_o propagate_v more_o or_o less_o proportionable_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o which_o reason_n noxious_a effluvia_fw-la be_v sometime_o emit_v which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o make_v their_o own_o way_n probable_o the_o plague_n happen_v in_o africa_n once_o in_o 30_o or_o 100_o year_n periodical_o and_o a_o french_a historian_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o disease_n in_o france_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o colic_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n return_v every_o 10_o year_n and_o platerus_n lib._n 2._o p._n m._n 303._o relate_v that_o the_o plague_n at_o brasil_n successive_o return_v every_o 10_o year_n for_o 70_o year_n together_o but_o further_a though_o in_o the_o east-indies_n such_o vapour_n shall_v arise_v which_o will_v of_o themselves_o be_v pernicious_a yet_o other_o may_v rise_v which_o though_o noxious_a likewise_o may_v by_o combine_v with_o they_o form_n a_o three_o substance_n innocent_a enough_o so_o corrosive_a sublimate_n when_o combine_v with_o crude_a mercury_n become_v so_o useful_a and_o innocent_a a_o medicine_n as_o mercurius_n dulcis_fw-la beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v another_o reason_n why_o some_o country_n be_v free_a from_o the_o plague_n may_v be_v some_o peculiar_a disposition_n in_o the_o air_n to_o resist_v the_o effect_n of_o noxious_a exhalation_n as_o when_o the_o river_n nile_n increase_v and_o overflows_a the_o plague_n in_o egypt_n cease_v and_o the_o soil_n in_o some_o country_n be_v of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o to_o impregnate_n the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o suffer_v not_o poisonous_a creature_n to_o live_v in_o it_o a_o second_o reason_n why_o i_o think_v the_o plague_n be_v propagate_v by_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v because_o it_o happen_v sometime_o when_o no_o distemper_n be_v perceivable_a in_o the_o air_n which_o seem_v able_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n yet_o when_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n have_v be_v threaten_a enough_o and_o the_o air_n very_o intemperate_a no_o plague_n have_v follow_v as_o when_o fernelius_n write_v his_o observation_n de_fw-fr abditis_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la lib._n 2._o chap._n 13._o it_o be_v immoderate_o hot_a but_o very_o healthful_a and_o the_o same_o further_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o plague_n have_v sometime_o begin_v in_o winter_n and_o go_v off_o in_o summer_n and_o johannes_n morellus_n that_o a_o temperate_a and_o healthful_a spring_n which_o succeed_v a_o winter_n in_o which_o the_o northwind_n reign_v bring_v in_o the_o plague_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o northwind_n continue_v serene_a and_o clear_a and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n before_o the_o plague_n in_o 1665_o be_v not_o much_o unlike_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o plague_n depend_v not_o on_o manifest_a quality_n of_o the_o air_n but_o be_v rather_o cause_v by_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o float_n in_o it_o and_o which_o be_v draw_v in_o by_o respiration_n and_o that_o poisonous_a exhalation_n have_v rose_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o infect_v the_o air_n with_o a_o pestilential_a disposition_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr meszeray_fw-fr in_o the_o life_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valoris_fw-la and_o diemerbroeck_n de_fw-fr peste_n lib._n 1._o chap._n 8._o testify_v and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n in_o pestilential_a distemper_n in_o several_a country_n and_o at_o different_a time_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_o account_v for_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n since_o the_o mineral_n from_o whence_o those_o vapour_n rise_v may_v be_v vary_v by_o new_a combination_n and_o the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o menstruum_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o produce_v symptom_n more_o violent_a than_o in_o ordinary_a distemper_n so_o that_o hypocrates_n may_v well_o acknowledge_v in_o distemper_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d something_o above_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n firm_a the_o ill_a effect_n of_o mineral_n firm_a as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o exhalation_n though_o they_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v know_v yet_o by_o the_o effect_n and_o symptom_n of_o some_o plague_n and_o of_o yellow_a red_a and_o white_a orpiment_n we_o may_v suspect_v they_o to_o flow_v from_o that_o mineral_n substance_n but_o though_o i_o believe_v some_o plague_n may_v arise_v from_o such_o cause_n yet_o since_o the_o earth_n abound_v with_o several_a mineral_n which_o we_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o we_o can_v deny_v but_o by_o the_o combination_n of_o such_o there_o may_v result_v substance_n which_o yield_v effluvium_n hurtful_a enough_o to_o human_a body_n so_o by_o add_v common_a salt_n to_o orpiment_n they_o prepare_v white_a arsenic_n which_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o itself_o innocent_a become_v more_o pernicious_a cause_v violent_a symptom_n which_o i_o have_v take_v off_o by_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n and_o something_o make_v of_o lemon_n and_o sandarach_n as_o well_o as_o native_a arsenic_n seem_v to_o be_v little_a else_o than_o red_a and_o white_a orpiment_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o sennertus_n m._n p._n e._n vid._n page_n 66._o on_o a_o painter_n who_o face_n be_v swell_v together_o with_o faint_v fit_n upon_o open_v a_o box_n where_o orpiment_n have_v be_v keep_v some_o time_n and_o white_a arsenic_n have_v have_v very_o fatal_a effect_n when_o external_o wear_v in_o annulet_n sometime_o cause_v burn_v fever_n anxiety_n about_o the_o heart_n inflammation_n exulceration_n of_o the_o breast_n black_a pustle_v as_o if_o make_v with_o a_o caustick_a weakness_n and_o faint_v and_o sometime_o sudden_a death_n which_o symptom_n have_v be_v cure_v by_o the_o same_o antidote_n that_o the_o plague_n be_v and_o that_o subterraneal_a mineral_n effluvia_fw-la be_v able_a to_o effect_v very_o strange_a thing_n appear_v from_o what_o kircherus_n observe_v scil._n that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n 1660_o there_o be_v several_a stain_n observe_v on_o linen_n clothes_n much_o resemble_v cross_n that_o poisonous_a matter_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o be_v spread_v along_o the_o thread_n which_o cross_v one_o another_o at_o right_a angle_n these_o stain_n will_v wash_v out_o with_o soap_n and_o water_n but_o their_o duration_n be_v very_o unequal_a some_o of_o they_o contrinue_v ten_o and_o other_o fifteen_o day_n plague_n antidote_n against_o the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o plague_n and_o though_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la yet_o undoubted_o a_o great_a many_o may_v and_o antidote_n think_v on_o to_o destroy_v their_o ill_a effect_n in_o the_o great_a plague_n of_o london_n when_o upon_o a_o subsidence_n of_o the_o pestilential_a humour_n the_o patient_n usual_o dye_v the_o follow_a plaster_n apply_v to_o the_o tumour_n of_o several_a prevent_v they_o from_o fall_v and_o either_o burst_v or_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o open_v and_o so_o save_v the_o life_n of_o many_o emplastrum_fw-la attractivum_fw-la pestilentiale_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ℞_o gum._n sagapen_a ammon_n galban_n a_o ℥_o iij._n terebinth_n lact._n cerae_fw-la virgin_n a_o ℥_o iiijss_n magnet_n arsenicalis_fw-la subt_n pulv_n ℥_o ij_o rad._n aron_n pulv_n ℥_o j_o gummi_fw-la depurentur_fw-la cum_fw-la acet_fw-la scyllit_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la emplastri_fw-la coquantur_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la ponderentur_fw-la deinde_fw-la cum_fw-la rebus_fw-la aliis_fw-la f._n empl._n s._n a._n hoc_fw-la emplastro_fw-la carbunculus_fw-la obducatur_fw-la quod_fw-la paucis_fw-la horis_fw-la venenum_fw-la extrahit_fw-la praeparatio_fw-la magnet_n arsenicalis_fw-la anteà _fw-la dicti_fw-la ℞_o arsen_n chrystallin_n sulphuris_fw-la vitri_fw-la antimonii_n crudi_fw-la a_o haec_fw-la tria_fw-la in_o mortario_fw-la ferreo_fw-la pulverisentur_fw-la in_o vase_n
great_a part_n of_o those_o effluvium_n it_o quality_n in_o the_o air_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o other_o body_n with_o it_o which_o be_v active_a in_o our_o atmosphere_n arise_v from_o subterraneal_a part_n and_o from_o celestial_a body_n yet_o doubtless_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o that_o result_n from_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o the_o different_a part_n of_o it_o act_v on_o those_o body_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o for_o though_o notwithstanding_o any_o manifest_a quality_n we_o can_v discern_v in_o it_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o be_v unfit_a for_o a_o menstruum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o it_o for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o sometime_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o menstruum_fw-la compensate_v its_o want_n of_o strength_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v several_a liquor_n which_o though_o insipid_a and_o make_v no_o sensible_a impression_n on_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n yet_o by_o their_o various_a attrition_n and_o frequent_a motion_n against_o body_n become_v fit_a for_o solvent_n so_o the_o air_n have_v its_o part_n always_o act_v on_o copper_n expose_v to_o it_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n produce_v that_o efflorescence_n colour_v like_o verdigrease_n a_o factitious_a body_n usual_o produce_v from_o the_o same_o substance_n corrode_v by_o vinegar_n or_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o husk_n of_o grape_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o mercury_n which_o have_v no_o sensible_a taste_n have_v a_o faculty_n of_o dissolve_v gold_n and_o silver_n and_o all_o strong_a menstruum_n which_o dissolve_v body_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n be_v soon_o glut_v and_o can_v dissolve_v no_o more_o so_o that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v a_o weak_a one_o yet_o it_o have_v this_o last_a advantage_n that_o when_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o it_o be_v glut_v it_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n it_o act_v on_o that_o a_o fresh_a part_n of_o it_o be_v still_o to_o supply_v the_o deficiency_n and_o place_n of_o that_o which_o can_v act_v no_o long_o part_n the_o air_n abound_v with_o saline_n and_o sulphureous_a part_n beside_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o so_o many_o saline_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n that_o by_o rub_v upon_o body_n that_o lie_v in_o their_o way_n by_o frequent_a occursion_n they_o cause_v considerable_a effect_n so_o we_o see_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n gutta_n cavat_fw-la lapidem_fw-la non_fw-la vi_fw-la sed_fw-la saepe_fw-la cadendo_fw-la moreover_o though_o the_o part_n of_o air_n be_v very_a minute_n yet_o we_o know_v that_o the_o body_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o their_o action_n be_v only_o act_v on_o by_o they_o upon_o their_o outward_a superficies_n which_o may_v consist_v of_o as_o many_o part_n and_o as_o minute_n as_o those_o of_o the_o air_n which_o by_o successive_o hit_v against_o they_o carry_v they_o along_o with_o they_o so_o sugar_n or_o sal_fw-la gem._n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n have_v their_o part_n dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o into_o the_o liquor_n by_o the_o successive_a attrition_n and_o occursion_n of_o so_o insipid_a a_o menstruum_fw-la and_o who_o part_n be_v in_o so_o gentle_a a_o motion_n body_n the_o sunbeam_n sufficient_a to_o raise_v some_o body_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o some_o body_n have_v may_v such_o a_o disposition_n to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v by_o they_o in_o such_o a_o form_n as_o not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o body_n they_o be_v raise_v in_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v or_o not_o certain_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o experience_n that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v fill_v in_o several_a place_n with_o effluvium_n of_o different_a kind_n and_o of_o uncommon_a or_o unobserved_a nature_n which_o conjecture_n may_v be_v favour_v by_o observe_v how_o subject_a camphire_n be_v to_o waste_v and_o that_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o some_o solid_a body_n have_v be_v take_v off_o they_o emit_v steam_n copious_o by_o which_o in_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o suffer_v a_o manifest_a decrement_n of_o weight_n air._n argument_n to_o prove_v latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n but_o to_o reassume_v the_o discourse_n we_o have_v make_v this_o digression_n from_o i_o shall_v urge_v some_o argument_n à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la which_o favour_n what_o i_o propose_v concern_v these_o latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n and_o first_o i_o shall_v urge_v the_o appear_a growth_n of_o some_o salt_n in_o body_n which_o usual_o afford_v they_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o in_o such_o plenty_n vitriolate_v efflorescences_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v after_o sometime_o on_o the_o glister_a part_n of_o marchasite_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o dry_a room_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o heavy_a ponderous_a mineral_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n become_v so_o brittle_a that_o it_o will_v crimble_a away_o and_o plentiful_o abound_v with_o copperas_n and_o some_o of_o the_o same_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o close_a and_o dry_a place_n be_v in_o some_o time_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o efflorescence_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n manifest_v itself_o to_o be_v a_o vitriol_n who_o growth_n be_v the_o more_o strange_a in_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a acid_n salt_n but_o abound_v with_o combustible_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n which_o i_o have_v often_o separate_v from_o common_a vitriol_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o combustible_a matter_n and_o sometime_o without_o any_o addition_n at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o our_o blackish_a mineral_n yield_v vitriol_n efflorescences_n so_o soon_o since_o i_o keep_v shine_v marchasite_n from_o whence_o they_o usual_o prepare_v vitriol_n without_o be_v change_v near_o so_o much_o as_o those_o i_o have_v mention_v and_o it_o be_v usual_a sometime_o to_o let_v they_o lie_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n two_o year_n before_o they_o yield_v their_o vitriolate_a part_n air._n alum_n over_o regain_v its_o salt_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o alum_n over_o be_v rob_v of_o its_o salt_n recover_v it_o again_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o lime_n in_o old_a wall_n have_v in_o time_n regain_v a_o nitrous_a spirit_n which_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o dissolve_v it_o in_o common_a water_n and_o evaporate_n the_o filtrate_v solution_n nay_o vitriol_n and_o so_o do_v vitriol_n calcine_v vitriol_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o competent_a time_n regain_v fresh_a part_n of_o a_o vitriolate_a salt_n vitriol_n suspicion_n about_o the_o production_n of_o vitriol_n but_o though_o i_o propose_v these_o observation_n as_o favourable_a to_o the_o suspicion_n lay_v down_o yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o they_o rather_o as_o a_o ingredient_n than_o as_o a_o agent_n or_o that_o the_o production_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o some_o seminal_a principle_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v once_o ripen_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n help_v they_o to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o form_n of_o saline_a concretes_n as_o in_o tartarous_a matter_n saline_a part_n be_v generate_v which_o cause_n that_o acid_a taste_n in_o tartar_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n especial_o beside_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o salt_n find_v in_o marchasite_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v make_v of_o saline_a particle_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o attract_v by_o congenerous_a particle_n that_o remain_v in_o those_o body_n that_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o womb_n of_o such_o mineral_n or_o that_o these_o aerial_a salt_n assist_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n open_v the_o texture_n of_o these_o womb_n and_o by_o extricate_a the_o latent_fw-la saline_a part_n and_o adjoin_v with_o they_o compose_v those_o emergent_a body_n but_o though_o i_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o whole_o concern_v in_o produce_v such_o body_n yet_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n concern_v as_o i_o have_v already_o intimate_v principle_n the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o continue_v flame_n a_o argument_n of_o a_o latent_fw-la principle_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o instance_n of_o these_o aerial_a latent_fw-la quality_n i_o think_v that_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v presence_n to_o preserve_v and_o continue_v flame_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la spirit_n or_o quality_n whether_o vital_a substance_n or_o nitrous_a spirit_n diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n on_o which_o likewise_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n depend_v and_o without_o which_o they_o as_o well_o as_o flame_n present_o be_v extinguish_v and_o die_v to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o animal_n substance_n enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v not_o infect_v as_o when_o expose_v to_o
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
the_o canary_n bird_n build_v in_o the_o barrancos_fw-la of_o gills_o bird_n bird_n which_o the_o water_n have_v fret_v away_o in_o the_o mountain_n place_n very_o cold_a they_o have_v also_o quail_n and_o partridge_n less_o than_o we_o great_a wood_n pigeon_n turtle_n at_o spring_n crow_n and_o sometime_o the_o falcon_n appear_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n they_o have_v goat_n on_o the_o mountain_n etc._n beast_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o hog_n and_o coney_n but_o their_o camel_n come_v from_o lancerote_n among_o their_o fish_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n the_o cherna_n fish_n fish_n a_o large_a well-tasted_n fish_n the_o mero_n dolphin_n shark_n lobster_n mussel_n periwinkle_n and_o the_o clacas_n the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o rock_n 5_o or_o 6_o under_o a_o shell_n through_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o peep_v with_o their_o neb_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o fish_n with_o 7_o tail_n each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o span_n long_o unite_v to_o a_o short_a body_n and_o much_o resemble_v our_o eel_n they_o have_v beside_o these_o turtle_n and_o cabridos_n preferable_a before_o our_o trout_n the_o island_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n like_o milk_n spring_n spring_n which_o in_o laguna_n they_o strain_v through_o a_o basin_n make_v of_o a_o spongy_a stone_n their_o vine_n be_v very_o plentiful_a vine_n vine_n inhaâ—…ants_n custom_n of_o the_o inhaâ—…ants_n dr._n pugh_n who_o have_v do_v some_o charitable_a cure_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n call_v guanchios_n be_v permit_v to_o visit_v the_o cave_n where_o the_o dead_a body_n lie_v which_o be_v sew_v up_o in_o goat_n skin_n very_o curious_o and_o close_o with_o thong_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v more_o soft_a and_o pliable_a than_o our_o kid_n skin_n the_o preserve_v of_o body_n thus_o by_o embalm_v they_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o a_o particular_a tribe_n of_o man_n who_o marry_v only_o among_o themselves_o and_o keep_v their_o art_n of_o embalm_v to_o themselves_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o spaniard_n most_o of_o they_o be_v destroy_v the_o knowledge_n they_o retain_v of_o the_o ingredient_n be_v by_o tradition_n which_o be_v that_o body_n of_o the_o embalm_v of_o body_n they_o boil_v in_o butter_n of_o goat_n milk_n which_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o skin_n one_a a_o sort_n of_o wild_a lavender_n 2_o a_o gummy_a herb_n call_v gara_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o mountain_n 3_o a_o kind_n of_o showbread_n 4_o a_o wild_a sage_n of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o balsam_n and_o when_o their_o body_n be_v embowel_v and_o several_a time_n wash_v in_o a_o lixivium_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o pinetree_n and_o dry_v again_o either_o in_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n or_o in_o a_o stove_n in_o winter_n they_o then_o several_a time_n successive_o anoint_v they_o with_o the_o balsam_n and_o dry_v they_o again_o till_o they_o grow_v light_n and_o the_o musculous_a part_n appear_v through_o the_o shrieveled_a skin_n and_o then_o they_o sew_v they_o up_o in_o goat_n skin_n curious_o dress_v but_o the_o poor_a sort_n have_v their_o brain_n take_v out_o be_v sew_v up_o in_o skin_n which_o have_v the_o hair_n on_o they_o have_v above_o 20_o whole_a family_n of_o their_o king_n and_o great_a person_n which_o they_o will_v not_o discover_v they_o be_v lay_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v lay_v along_o on_o bed_n of_o wood_n so_o harden_v that_o iron_n will_v not_o cut_v they_o they_o also_o have_v earthen_a pot_n so_o harden_v which_o they_o boil_v their_o meat_n in_o they_o make_v their_o knife_n and_o lancet_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o slate_n call_v tabona_n food_n their_o food_n their_o food_n be_v barley_n roast_v and_o grind_v betwixt_o two_o stone_n which_o they_o make_v into_o cake_n with_o milk_n and_o honey_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o their_o back_n in_o goat_n skin_n they_o drink_v no_o wine_n nor_o do_v they_o care_v for_o flesh_n but_o be_v lean_a tall_n very_o active_a and_o courageous_a they_o will_v leap_v from_o one_o rock_n to_o another_o activity_n activity_n sometime_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a have_v a_o lance_n which_o they_o point_v at_o the_o place_n which_o they_o design_v to_o light_v on_o and_o then_o when_o they_o leap_v they_o clap_v their_o foot_n to_o the_o lance_n which_o lance_n light_v on_o the_o rock_n first_o take_v off_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o fall_n novice_n often_o break_v their_o neck_n in_o learning_n they_o whistle_v so_o loud_o they_o may_v be_v hear_v 5_o mile_n and_o it_o so_o affect_a the_o relator_n ear_n who_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o of_o they_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v well_o of_o 15_o day_n after_o beside_o they_o throw_v stone_n with_o as_o much_o force_n as_o a_o bullet_n go_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n but_o to_o return_v to_o mount_n teneriff_n by_o one_o that_o go_v to_o the_o top_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o snow_n be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o though_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n side_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sugar-loaf_n he_o likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sack_n which_o they_o drink_v at_o the_o top_n be_v exceed_v cold_a and_o seem_v to_o have_v no_o effect_n on_o they_o yet_o when_o they_o come_v into_o a_o thick_a air_n two_o of_o the_o company_n be_v drink_v have_v try_v to_o fire_v a_o birding-piece_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n he_o can_v not_o the_o company_n that_o give_v the_o former_a relation_n say_v they_o do_v the_o sulphureous_a matter_n they_o travel_v over_o be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o burn_v two_o or_o three_o pair_n of_o pump_n in_o piece_n in_o the_o journey_n though_o their_o foot_n be_v not_o sensible_o more_o hot_a than_o at_o other_o time_n in_o some_o region_n of_o the_o same_o mountain_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o very_o cold_a query_n to_o what_o depth_n the_o water_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o hard_a winter_n to_o what_o depth_n the_o earth_n will_v be_v freeze_v at_o the_o same_o time_n whether_o muscovian_a ice_n be_v hard_a than_o that_o in_o england_n whether_o liquor_n cast_v up_o will_v freeze_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n whether_o brandy_n sack_n etc._n etc._n will_v freeze_v in_o russia_n whether_o instrument_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n be_v britler_n there_o than_o here_o of_o the_o crack_n of_o timber_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o in_o wooden_a house_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o flesh_n fish_n herb_n etc._n etc._n in_o hard_a wether_n of_o the_o cure_n of_o those_o who_o nose_n or_o cheek_n etc._n etc._n be_v freeze_v of_o the_o symptom_n of_o those_o that_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n of_o the_o keep_n of_o dead_a body_n tittle_n xx._n of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o light_n it_o be_v perspicuity_n opacity_n reflection_n refraction_n colour_n light_n and_o lightning_n ctc._o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o light_n ctc._o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o traveller_n that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o genova_n from_o a_o high_a place_n he_o can_v see_v place_n remote_a in_o a_o morning_n though_o not_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o the_o meridian_n the_o late_a king_n charles_n the_o second_o tell_v i_o that_o walk_v upon_o the_o beack_n on_o the_o strand_n by_o dover_n he_o unexpected_o discern_v a_o coast_n which_o have_v rise_v and_o fall_v ground_n upon_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o courtier_n that_o stand_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o disappear_v again_o as_o if_o it_o have_v sink_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o this_o viz._n that_o that_o coast_n lie_v but_o a_o little_a too_o far_o off_o to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o air_n interpose_v betwixt_o his_o majesty_n eye_n and_o the_o shoar_n be_v fill_v with_o vapour_n and_o subterraneal_a steam_n be_v render_v more_o refractive_a than_o before_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o new_a refraction_n the_o french_a coast_n which_o lie_v beyond_o it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o sight_n and_o so_o become_v visible_a as_o long_o as_o that_o new_a refraction_n last_v but_o when_o those_o steam_n be_v dissipate_v they_o present_o disappear_v in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o allege_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o cup_n and_o the_o eye_n so_o place_v that_o the_o object_n be_v but_o just_a hide_v from_o it_o upon_o pour_v in_o water_n the_o object_n will_v without_o remove_v the_o eye_n become_v visible_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v a_o thick_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n refract_v the_o ray_n and_o
be_v open_v the_o external_a air_n rush_v in_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o the_o air_n the_o limon_n have_v yield_v in_o that_o time_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n neither_o the_o limon_n nor_o the_o juice_n be_v mouldy_a or_o ill_o taste_v so_o that_o it_o make_v i_o think_v that_o mouldiness_n can_v be_v well_o produce_v without_o a_o concurrence_n of_o the_o air._n the_o liquor_n be_v acid_a but_o clear_a and_o without_o faeces_fw-la be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o brown_a and_o red_a it_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n into_o a_o purple_a colour_n and_o corrode_v fragment_n of_o red_a coral_n in_o the_o cold._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o lozenge_n which_o a_o scholar_n frequent_o carry_v in_o his_o pocket_n be_v dissolve_v when_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n but_o recover_v their_o old_a consistence_n when_o much_o past_o it_o title_n xxiii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o consistent_a mineral_n substance_n substance_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n on_o mineral_n substance_n in_o draw_v copper_n out_o of_o deep_a mine_n in_o sweedland_n i_o be_o inform_v they_o use_v rope_n make_v of_o leather_n link_n of_o iron_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v with_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ore_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o glass_n keep_v half_a a_o year_n though_o well_o neal_v have_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o freeze_v of_o themselves_o the_o crack_v partly_o depend_v on_o some_o particle_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v not_o undergo_v a_o sufficient_a comminution_n i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v a_o house_n in_o suffolk_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o though_o it_o be_v but_o 8_o year_n old_a the_o iron_n bar_n be_v swell_v and_o so_o rot_v that_o they_o will_v crimble_a away_o the_o wind_n which_o blow_v upon_o those_o window_n in_o which_o they_o be_v be_v southward_o and_o i_o be_o likewise_o tell_v that_o iron_n bar_v drench_v in_o sea_n water_n and_o after_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o impair_v that_o when_o hammer_v great_a flake_n will_v fly_v off_o they_o purbeck_n and_o blechington-stone_n will_v moulder_v away_o in_o the_o air_n but_o those_o dug_n up_o at_o painswick_n near_o gloucester_n will_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n change_v their_o primary_n softness_n for_o a_o crust-hard_a and_o glassy_a marble_n which_o penetrate_v but_o a_o little_a way_n into_o its_o substance_n but_o be_v generate_v soon_o the_o often_o it_o be_v wash_v title_n xxiv_o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fire_n and_o flame_n candle_n which_v burn_v in_o grooves_n furnish_v with_o air_n shaft_n will_v sometime_o continue_v burn_v 8_o fathom_n deep_a or_o more_o when_o they_o come_v into_o close_a ground_n though_o candle_n will_v burn_v for_o a_o while_n yet_o when_o the_o dust_n rise_v they_o go_v out_o experiment_n touch_v the_o relation_n betwixt_o flame_n and_o air._n the_o burn_a of_o candle_n etc._n etc._n under_o a_o glass_n bell_n as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n matches_n touchwood_n sponck_n etc._n etc._n the_o keep_n of_o animal_n under_o a_o glass_n bell_n whilst_o the_o flame_n be_v burn_v the_o burn_a of_o body_n to_o ash_n in_o seal_a glass_n as_o also_o in_o exact_o close_v receiver_n cotton_n burn_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n the_o burn_a of_o a_o mixture_n of_o flame_n under_o water_n in_o a_o e._n r._n as_o also_o of_o a_o saline_a substance_n and_o likewise_o of_o salt_n petre._n a_o pistol_n not_o fire_v in_o a_o e._n r._n a_o experiment_n of_o burn_a gunpowder_n the_o burn_a of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o glass_n vessel_n with_o slender_a neck_n title_n xxv_o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fermentation_n fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o fermentation_n raisin_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o exhaust_a bolt-head_n half_o full_a of_o water_n and_o set_v on_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n present_o begin_v to_o ferment_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o liquor_n afford_v bubble_n which_o be_v gradual_o few_o and_o at_o last_o a_o sediment_n appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n the_o top_n of_o the_o bottle_n be_v accidental_o break_v the_o external_n air_n rush_v in_o with_o some_o noise_n and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v cover_v with_o froth_n like_o bottle_n drink_v and_o i_o think_v i_o perceive_v a_o visible_a fume_v come_v out_o of_o the_o glass_n which_o have_v a_o languid_a smell_n the_o liquor_n have_v a_o high_a tincture_n of_o the_o raisin_n and_o be_v of_o a_o better_a consistence_n than_o that_o of_o water_n title_n xxvi_o of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o odour_n title_n xxvii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o odour_n of_o animal_n substance_n odour_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o air_n on_o odour_n sour_a grape_n have_v lie_v 3_o year_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o mouldy_a but_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o uppermost_a be_v discolour_a with_o a_o tartarous_a efflorescence_n the_o grain_n have_v a_o musty_a smell_n but_o the_o liquor_n taste_v acid_n and_o will_v corrode_v coral_n in_o the_o cold._a the_o gage_n scarce_o discover_v any_o air_n produce_v in_o madrid_n i_o be_o tell_v though_o they_o throw_v their_o excrement_n into_o the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n yet_o the_o stink_n be_v not_o very_o much_o the_o next_o day_n nor_o will_v dead_a animal_n stink_v long_o there_o title_n xxviii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o odour_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n large_a piece_n of_o orange_n have_v be_v three_o year_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la their_o rind_n be_v on_o their_o surface_n almost_o black_a they_o yield_v very_o little_a liquor_n be_v neither_o mouldy_a nor_o putrid_a title_n xxix_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o odour_n of_o mineral_n substance_n title_n xxx_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o animal_n substance_n mr._n nickson_n tell_v i_o that_o meat_n may_v be_v preserve_v in_o frosty_a wether_n all_o winter_n without_o salt_n but_o if_o dress_v when_o freeze_v will_v not_o relish_v well_o title_n xxxi_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n title_n xxxii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o taste_n of_o mineral_n substance_n title_n xxxiii_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o colour_n of_o animal_n substance_n colour_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o air_n on_o colour_n the_o air_n influence_n colour_n so_o much_o on_o black_a taffeta_n that_o in_o brasil_n after_o it_o have_v be_v wear_v a_o few_o day_n it_o become_v of_o a_o ironish_a colour_n but_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n the_o colour_n fade_v not_o in_o a_o particular_a region_n in_o brazil_n 50_o league_n beyond_o parigna_n white_a people_n turn_v tawny_a but_o a_o little_a beyond_o that_o they_o recover_v their_o colour_n again_o upon_o charlton_n island_n there_o 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within_o so_o the_o sensory_a be_v indisposed_a that_o indisposition_n may_v vary_v the_o appearance_n of_o external_n object_n for_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o after_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n with_o a_o telescope_n my_o eye_n have_v be_v so_o alter_v that_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n seem_v to_o vary_v much_o in_o its_o colour_n from_o what_o it_o use_v to_o be_v and_o if_o i_o often_o open_v and_o shut_v my_o eye_n whilst_o that_o adventitious_a colour_n seem_v to_o last_o i_o can_v discern_v it_o gradual_o diminish_v till_o the_o candle_n appear_v to_o i_o as_o before_o and_o one_o thing_n worthy_a of_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o object_n with_o one_o eye_n when_o the_o dazzle_a eye_n be_v shut_v the_o adventitious_a colour_n disappear_v but_o be_v visible_a again_o upon_o open_v the_o dazzle_a eye_n to_o this_o observation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o lady_n who_o have_v by_o a_o fall_n get_v a_o hurt_a near_o her_o eye_n for_o 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ingredient_n and_o leave_v the_o gold_n appear_v with_o its_o genuine_a colour_n three_o a_o liquor_n may_v alter_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o body_n either_o by_o destroy_v or_o subdivide_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o when_o wood_n be_v cut_v into_o chip_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o hot_a crystal_n quench_v in_o cold_a water_n for_o it_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v crack_v will_v not_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o before_o four_o a_o liquor_n may_v change_v the_o colour_n of_o another_o body_n by_o collect_v together_o part_n of_o matter_n scatter_v and_o disperse_v so_o quicksilver_n pour_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n acquire_v a_o thin_a film_n of_o a_o yellow_a golden_a colour_n and_o by_o a_o like_a method_n all_o those_o colour_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o precipitation_n be_v generate_v though_o resinous_n gum_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v unite_v into_o a_o mass_n again_o and_o so_o rectifyâ—d_v transparent_a butter_n of_o antimony_n upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o water_n precipitate_v that_o white_a substance_n which_o when_o its_o salt_n be_v wash_v off_o be_v call_v mercurius_n vitæ_fw-la a_o five_o way_n by_o which_o a_o liquor_n may_v alter_v the_o colour_n of_o another_o body_n be_v by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n as_o when_o quicksilver_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o a_o convenient_a heat_n metal_n be_v corrode_v or_o fruit_n be_v bruise_v or_o when_o the_o part_n of_o a_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o the_o affusion_n of_o another_o body_n or_o when_o chemical_a oil_n be_v shake_v in_o a_o bottle_n for_o the_o bubble_n by_o that_o mean_v raise_v will_v exhibit_v very_o lively_a colour_n another_o way_n be_v by_o put_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n into_o motion_n after_o which_o they_o may_v unite_v in_o a_o new_a form_n so_o vitriol_n rub_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n impart_v not_o any_o new_a colour_n to_o it_o but_o if_o the_o vitriol_n be_v moisten_v it_o will_v impart_v a_o true_a copper_n colour_n 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be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o be_v that_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o vary_v colour_n speedy_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o help_n of_o liquor_n as_o in_o temper_v steel_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o particular_a requisite_a to_o be_v note_v be_v that_o though_o a_o change_n of_o colour_n may_v be_v effect_v any_o one_o of_o the_o way_n abovementioned_a yet_o general_o at_o least_o three_o of_o they_o be_v at_o once_o concern_v semidiaphanous_a several_a body_n general_o esteem_v opacous_a semidiaphanous_a from_o what_o we_o have_v be_v discourse_v of_o the_o asperity_n of_o body_n in_o cause_v a_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n one_o will_v think_v that_o the_o substance_n themselves_o be_v perfect_o opacous_a and_o impenetrable_a by_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o so_o contribute_v to_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o those_o body_n which_o we_o call_v 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texture_n but_o to_o draw_v a_o inference_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o colour_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n we_o have_v lay_v down_o body_n can_v only_o be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v when_o place_v in_o the_o light_n but_o that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n if_o we_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n colour_n to_o mean_v only_o that_o disposition_n of_o the_o superficial_a surface_n of_o a_o body_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o modify_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v colour_n in_o the_o dark_a since_o they_o have_v that_o disposition_n which_o enable_v they_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n in_o such_o a_o form_n as_o to_o produce_v colour_n genuine_a the_o short_a duration_n of_o colour_n no_o argument_n of_o their_o not_o be_v genuine_a and_o from_o what_o
have_v be_v deliver_v it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o though_o colour_n which_o be_v evanid_v and_o last_v but_o for_o a_o while_n as_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n and_o all_o emphatical_a colour_n be_v general_o distinguish_v from_o true_a and_o genuine_a one_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o latter_a be_v produce_v by_o reflection_n and_o these_o proceed_v from_o refraction_n yet_o since_o we_o usual_o account_v all_o echo_n genuine_a sound_n and_o all_o smell_v true_a smell_v in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v real_a object_n of_o the_o respective_a sensory_n they_o affect_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o may_v conclude_v these_o emphatical_a colour_n genuine_a since_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n equal_o affect_v our_o sensory_a for_o the_o time_n and_o though_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o continuance_n have_v be_v offer_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o not_o be_v genuine_a by_o the_o same_o rule_n we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o grass_n be_v not_o genuine_a 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and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o virginian_a flower_n which_o seldom_o continue_v long_o than_o a_o day_n and_o that_o the_o bare_a disposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n by_o which_o it_o be_v say_v to_o reflect_v or_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v different_a colour_n be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o cloth_n hold_v in_o several_a position_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o various_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n but_o it_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n traject_v through_o a_o prismatical_a glass_n represent_v a_o lively_a and_o vivid_v rainbow_n upon_o any_o body_n upon_o which_o they_o terminate_v which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n place_v in_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o viz._n whether_o above_o or_o below_o or_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o though_o when_o the_o prism_n be_v take_v away_o the_o rainbow_n disappear_v yet_o nevertheless_o the_o light_n for_o the_o time_n be_v true_o reflect_v and_o refract_v from_o the_o prism_n and_o reflect_v again_o from_o the_o body_n which_o those_o as_o the_o cartesian_o suppose_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o motion_n of_o these_o globuli_fw-la might_n contribute_v to_o vary_v the_o perception_n of_o colour_n so_o i_o think_v that_o without_o such_o globuli_fw-la the_o ray_n of_o light_n may_v various_o affect_v the_o eye_n themselves_o as_o their_o motion_n be_v vary_v in_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o swiftness_n when_o they_o affect_v our_o sensory_a or_o as_o their_o motion_n be_v undulate_v or_o more_o or_o less_o direct_a but_o since_o i_o pretend_v not_o this_o discourse_n to_o be_v a_o complete_a history_n of_o colour_n i_o shall_v only_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n deliver_v some_o experiment_n which_o may_v show_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o chemist_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o that_o opinion_n which_o i_o be_o most_o incline_v to_o be_v of_o which_o be_v that_o colour_n be_v a_o modification_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o object_n from_o whence_o be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n they_o cause_v that_o sensation_n we_o call_v colour_n but_o how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v so_o modify_v i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o declare_v till_o i_o know_v both_o what_o light_n be_v itself_o and_o what_o figure_v corpuscle_n it_o consist_v of_o and_o likewise_o their_o size_n and_o motion_n and_o before_o i_o pretend_v to_o lay_v down_o my_o opinion_n i_o will_v further_o be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o refraction_n and_o what_o degree_n of_o commixture_n of_o shade_n with_o the_o light_n make_v in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v this_o or_o that_o colour_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n part._n ii_o of_o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o colour_n according_a to_o aristotle_n it_o be_v teach_v by_o demomocritus_n that_o blackness_n depend_v on_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n and_o gassendus_fw-la who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v attempt_v to_o explain_v the_o contrary_a colour_n viz._n whiteness_n mechanical_o give_v we_o the_o follow_a account_n cogites_n velim_fw-la say_v he_o lucem_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o diaphano_n nullius_fw-la coloris_fw-la videri_fw-la whiteness_n a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o whiteness_n sed_fw-la in_o opaco_fw-la terminante_fw-la candicare_fw-la ac_fw-la tanto_fw-la magis_fw-la quanto_fw-la densior_fw-la seu_fw-la collectior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la deinde_fw-la aquam_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la quidem_fw-la coloris_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la candidi_fw-la &_o radium_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la reflexum_fw-la versus_fw-la oculum_fw-la candicare_fw-la rursus_fw-la eum_fw-la plana_fw-la aquae_fw-la superficies_n non_fw-la nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la eam_fw-la reflectionem_fw-la faciat_fw-la si_fw-la contigerit_fw-la tamen_fw-la illam_fw-la in_o aliquot_fw-la bullas_fw-la intumescere_fw-la bullam_fw-la unamquamque_fw-la reflectionem_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o candoris_fw-la speciem_fw-la creare_fw-la certa_fw-la superficiei_fw-la parte_fw-la ad_fw-la haec_fw-la spumam_fw-la ex_fw-la aqua_fw-la pura_fw-la non_fw-la alia_fw-la ratione_fw-la videri_fw-la candescere_fw-la &_o albescere_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la congery_n confertissima_fw-la minutissimarum_fw-la bullarum_fw-la quarum_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la suum_fw-la radium_fw-la reflectir_n unde_fw-la continens_fw-la candour_n alborve_fw-la apparet_fw-la denique_fw-la nivem_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la videri_fw-la quam_fw-la speciem_fw-la purissimae_fw-la spumae_fw-la ex_fw-la bullulis_fw-la quam_fw-la minutissimis_fw-la &_o confertissimis_fw-la cohaerentis_fw-la sed_fw-la ridiculum_fw-la exhibeam_n si_fw-la tale_n meas_fw-la nugas_fw-la uberius_fw-la proponem_fw-la but_o though_o this_o account_v be_v ingenious_a enough_o yet_o i_o shall_v to_o render_v it_o more_o full_a add_v that_o whiteness_n consider_v as_o a_o quality_n in_o the_o object_n depend_v on_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v so_o range_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n not_o upon_o one_o another_o but_o upon_o the_o spectator_n eye_n and_o that_o too_o bare_o by_o reflect_v they_o as_o a_o looking-glass_n do_v without_o refraction_n for_o in_o most_o other_o colour_n they_o be_v so_o range_v as_o either_o to_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o reflect_a light_n or_o to_o vary_v it_o with_o shade_n but_o in_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a to_o represent_v the_o body_n white_a it_o be_v not_o only_o requisite_a that_o the_o reflect_a beam_n shall_v be_v unaltered_a but_o likewise_o that_o they_o shall_v almost_o all_o be_v reflect_v back_o so_o that_o some_o of_o they_o face_v one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o they_o may_v obvert_fw-la themselves_z to_o the_o eye_n on_o which_o side_n soever_o it_o be_v place_v to_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o midday_n in_o clear_a wether_n be_v much_o more_o near_o to_o a_o whiteness_n than_o when_o stain_v by_o sublunary_a body_n and_o than_o when_o near_o the_o horizon_n where_o its_o ray_n have_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o atmospherical_a part_n of_o matter_n to_o pass_v through_o and_o water_n itself_o the_o more_o it_o be_v shine_v on_o appear_v to_o be_v much_o white_a to_o the_o spectator_n and_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o sun_n when_o cover_v with_o a_o white_a cloud_n have_v appear_v in_o the_o water_n to_o be_v not_o red_a but_o white_a and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o smith_n that_o iron_n which_o when_o moderate_o hot_a appear_v red_a when_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o ignition_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v white_a so_o those_o that_o have_v weak_a eye_n complain_v of_o too_o great_a a_o reflection_n of_o light_n when_o the_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o several_a writer_n and_o other_o traveller_n that_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v
so_o great_a that_o in_o muscovy_n and_o russia_n they_o find_v the_o snow_n to_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v see_v much_o far_o upon_o snowy_a ground_n than_o we_o here_o in_o england_n where_o no_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o they_o can_v see_v their_o way_n by_o the_o bare_a reflection_n of_o the_o snow_n when_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o shine_v though_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o effect_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n proceed_v from_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n cleanse_v of_o those_o steam_n which_o sometime_o darken_v it_o since_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o be_v able_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n to_o discern_v more_o star_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o that_o white_a body_n reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n most_o plentiful_o and_o have_v no_o native_a light_n of_o their_o own_o appear_v since_o snow_n enclose_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n be_v not_o at_o all_o 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my_o hand_n in_o the_o sun_n beam_n with_o a_o black_a glove_n on_o than_o when_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o white_a one_o and_o to_o show_v that_o white_a body_n not_o only_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n plentiful_o but_o unstained_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o a_o dark_a room_n when_o the_o ray_n reflect_v from_o a_o colour_a body_n be_v throw_v upon_o a_o white_a wall_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o colour_n of_o that_o body_n whereas_o if_o the_o beam_n reflect_v from_o a_o yellow_a body_n upon_o a_o blue_a it_o will_v make_v a_o green_a and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o have_v cast_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o trouble_a water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o lenticular_a glass_n into_o a_o upper_a room_n darken_v the_o concentered_a reflection_n of_o the_o glitter_a wave_n at_o a_o few_o pace_n distance_n represent_v a_o white_a body_n but_o if_o we_o approach_v near_o the_o place_n on_o which_o those_o ray_n be_v cast_v they_o only_o 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be_v observe_v that_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o milky_a way_n or_o gallaxy_n with_o a_o telescope_n though_o to_o our_o eye_n it_o appear_v white_a by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o we_o shall_v discover_v that_o that_o whitness_v only_o depend_v upon_o a_o collection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n who_o confuse_a beam_n represent_v to_o the_o eye_n a_o white_a body_n and_o why_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o body_n which_o to_o the_o eye_n reflect_v the_o beam_n confuse_o may_v not_o appear_v white_a as_o well_o as_o the_o planet_n which_o shine_v by_o a_o borrow_a light_n i_o see_v no_o contradictory_n reason_n but_o to_o return_v to_o experiment_n we_o see_v that_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n natural_a speculum_n by_o be_v beat_v into_o a_o froth_n appear_v white_a and_o if_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v mix_v with_o water_n and_o shake_v in_o a_o vial_n as_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v more_o or_o less_o 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reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n plentiful_o upon_o the_o eye_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o the_o globular_a particle_n of_o oil_n make_v the_o water_n they_o be_v mix_v with_o appear_v white_a but_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v likewise_o reflect_v from_o powder_a glass_n and_o even_o several_a thread_n of_o it_o lay_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o requisite_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o white_a body_n shall_v be_v altogether_o globular_a and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o snow_n look_v upon_o with_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o consist_v of_o slender_a icicle_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o by_o contusion_n i_o have_v obtain_v a_o whitish_a powder_n of_o granate_n glass_n of_o antimony_n and_o emerald_n and_o the_o salt_n of_o venereal_a vitriol_n powder_a will_v comparative_o with_o the_o entire_a crystal_n exhibit_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n and_o as_o a_o body_n which_o be_v not_o white_a may_v acquire_v that_o colour_n by_o a_o change_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n so_o one_o that_o be_v white_a may_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o colour_n thus_o silver_n be_v first_o brush_v and_o then_o boil_a with_o salt_n and_o tartar_n appear_v white_a but_o become_v specular_a by_o be_v rub_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n the_o protuberant_a part_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v depress_v into_o a_o continue_a superficies_n and_o reflect_v the_o image_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n whereas_o before_o the_o innumerable_a little_a speculae_fw-la reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n more_o confuse_o blackness_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—chaâ—…_n acâ—_n of_o blackness_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o whiteness_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o guess_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o blackness_n concern_v which_o quality_n gassendus_fw-la say_v existimare_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la corpora_fw-la suapte_v natura_fw-la nigra_fw-la constare_fw-la ex_fw-la particulis_fw-la quarum_fw-la superficicculae_fw-la scabrae_fw-la sunt_fw-la nec_fw-la facilè_fw-la lucem_fw-la extrorsum_fw-la reflectunt_fw-la so_o that_o black_a differ_v from_o white_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o particle_n which_o be_v reflect_v external_o by_o the_o one_o be_v deaden_v by_o the_o other_o and_o not_o reflect_v outward_a either_o because_o the_o superficies_n have_v such_o protuberant_a part_n as_o reflect_v the_o ray_n internal_o or_o be_v soft_a and_o pliable_a yield_v to_o the_o impress_n of_o those_o lucid_a part_n that_o strike_v against_o they_o so_o a_o ball_n that_o will_v fly_v back_o from_o a_o stone_n will_v scarce_o at_o all_o rebound_v from_o a_o net_n or_o mud_n though_o the_o latter_a explication_n i_o think_v the_o less_o propable_a because_o several_a body_n be_v black_a who_o surface_n be_v scarce_o of_o so_o yield_v a_o texture_n
macrocephali_n mention_v by_o hypocrates_n and_o it_o have_v not_o only_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o hen_n want_v rump_n but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o raven_n perfect_o white_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o lady_n who_o be_v a_o devout_a catholic_n look_v upon_o the_o pebble_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o st._n winifred_n well_o some_o time_n after_o bear_v a_o child_n who_o skin_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o resemblance_n of_o red_a pebble_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o negro_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o epidermis_fw-fr only_a be_v black_a the_o skin_n under_o that_o be_v as_o white_a as_o that_o of_o the_o european_n so_o that_o a_o child_n who_o have_v the_o measles_n or_o small_a pox_n after_o those_o pimple_n have_v break_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o white_a spot_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o several_a that_o the_o negro_n when_o first_o bear_v be_v red_a or_o white_a like_o other_o child_n but_o in_o a_o few_o day_n acquire_v the_o colour_n 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to_o the_o composition_n of_o sublimate_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o rectify_v butter_n of_o antimony_n which_o upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o fair_a water_n will_v precipitate_v the_o white_a powder_n call_v mercurius_n vitæ_fw-la and_o the_o like_a powder_n may_v be_v make_v of_o antimony_n without_o any_o addition_n at_o all_o and_o the_o like_a white_a substance_n will_v be_v precipitate_v by_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sulphureous_a gum_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o to_o these_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o a_o red_a tincture_n of_o benjamin_n draw_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v turn_v it_o white_a but_o if_o such_o seem_o white_a body_n stand_v for_o some_o time_n unstirred_a a_o resinous_a substance_n will_v of_o itself_o subside_o and_o if_o acid_a spirit_n be_v drop_v upon_o a_o red_a solution_n of_o sulphur_n in_o pot-ash_n or_o some_o other_o sharp_a lixivium_n the_o precipitate_v sulphur_n before_o it_o subside_v will_v turn_v the_o red_a liquor_n white_a but_o though_o these_o several_a body_n yield_v white_a precipitate_v yet_o all_o will_v not_o since_o gold_n yield_v a_o yellow_a one_o whether_o precipitate_v by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n or_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o mercury_n though_o when_o reduce_v to_o a_o sublimate_n whether_o precipitate_v by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o hart's-horn_n it_o yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v yet_o with_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n or_o other_o strong_a lixiviate_v salt_n it_o will_v let_v fall_v a_o orange_n tawny_a colour_a powder_n and_o so_o will_v crude_a antimony_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o a_o acid_a liquor_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o any_o of_o these_o fix_a salt_n be_v pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o sulphur_n of_o vitriol_n not_o at_o all_o white_a experiment_n xiii_o though_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n true_a that_o white_a be_v a_o colour_n like_o the_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la fit_a to_o take_v any_o form_n and_o that_o black_a be_v a_o colour_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v change_v for_o another_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v universal_o true_a for_o though_o the_o ingredient_n which_o die_v a_o body_n black_a by_o infect_v other_o ingredient_n usual_o hinder_v it_o from_o take_v a_o high_a colour_n yet_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o inks_n of_o different_a kind_n may_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o blackness_n and_o i_o have_v sometime_o turn_v black_a piece_n of_o silk_n yellow_a with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o as_o for_o whiteness_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o believe_v it_o so_o easy_o destroy_v without_o caution_n and_o some_o restriction_n for_o lead_n be_v by_o calcination_n turn_v into_o a_o red_a body_n and_o tin_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o the_o common_a putty_n sell_v in_o the_o shop_n be_v make_v up_o of_o half_a tin_n and_o half_a lead_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o lead_n the_o putty_n be_v white_a without_o discover_v any_o mixture_n of_o minium_n and_o so_o if_o copper_n be_v mix_v by_o fusion_n with_o half_a the_o quantity_n of_o tin_n they_o will_v yield_v a_o substance_n in_o which_o the_o white_a colour_n be_v much_o more_o transparent_a than_o the_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o copper_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o arsenic_n be_v colliquate_v in_o copper_n blanch_v it_o but_o the_o white_a mixture_n be_v keep_v upon_o the_o cupel_n till_o the_o arsenic_n fly_v away_o the_o copper_n return_v to_o its_o pristine_a colour_n and_o to_o show_v how_o much_o the_o white_a colour_n of_o a_o metal_n may_v obscure_v the_o colour_n of_o those_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o four_o part_n of_o gold_n be_v mix_v with_o silver_n the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o the_o gold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v but_o when_o it_o be_v rub_v on_o a_o touchstone_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v take_v off_o the_o silver_n and_o leave_v the_o gold_n behind_o it_o upon_o the_o stone_n experiment_n fourteen_o a_o polish_v piece_n of_o black_a horn_n be_v scrape_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o glass_n and_o lay_v upon_o a_o black_a beaver_n hat_n seem_v white_a enough_o but_o be_v place_v upon_o white_a paper_n the_o colour_n of_o that_o eclipse_v the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o horn_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v like_o dirty_a linen_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o colour_n depend_v neither_o on_o substantial_a form_n nor_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n but_o on_o a_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n various_o modify_v by_o their_o new_a superficial_a texture_n experiment_n xv._o it_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o chemist_n that_o blackness_n depend_v on_o sulphur_n adust_a but_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o offer_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o blackness_n i_o shall_v add_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o opinion_n here_o propose_v that_o common_a sulphur_n sublime_v be_v far_o from_o black_a but_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n yellow_a and_o rather_o more_o than_o less_o white_a than_o before_o and_o when_o set_v on_o fire_n to_o make_v oleum_fw-la sulph_n per_fw-la campanam_fw-la it_o yield_v very_o little_a soot_n and_o the_o flame_n yield_v so_o little_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o black_a a_o white_a sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v rather_o to_o whiten_v than_o to_o black_a linen_n and_o make_v red_a rose_n leave_v grow_v pale_a and_o not_o black_a and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o piece_n of_o fix_a sulphur_n which_o be_v keep_v several_a week_n in_o a_o violent_a heat_n yet_o it_o have_v no_o other_o colour_n when_o cool_a but_o a_o pure_a red_n and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o that_o sulphureous_a body_n camphire_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o violent_a heat_n without_o acquire_v any_o thing_n of_o blackness_n nor_o will_v inflammable_a spirit_n of_o wine_n discolour_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n hold_v over_o it_o whilst_o it_o consume_v and_o tin_n calein_v yield_v not_o a_o black_a but_o a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o not_o only_o the_o charcoal_n make_v of_o oxy-cedar_n be_v white_a but_o the_o smoke_n of_o tinby_n coal_n be_v observe_v rather_o to_o blanch_v linen_n than_o black_a it_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o ink_n be_v not_o hot_a but_o cold_a and_o juice_n of_o lemon_n will_v blacken_v the_o blade_n of_o knife_n except_o it_o be_v quick_o wipe_v off_o though_o no_o actual_a heat_n intervene_v to_o adust_a the_o sulphur_n and_o if_o the_o blackness_n of_o the_o ink_n depend_v on_o adust_a sulphur_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v what_o become_v of_o those_o adust_a particle_n when_o the_o liquor_n by_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n lose_v that_o colour_n beside_o soot_n itself_o may_v have_v its_o texture_n so_o far_o
green_n red_a and_o yellow_a orange_a tawny_a red_a with_o a_o little_a white_a a_o carnation_n red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_n a_o purple_a and_o by_o a_o decomposition_n of_o all_o these_o they_o represent_v what_o colour_n they_o please_v but_o in_o produce_v of_o colour_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o we_o must_v take_v care_n that_o the_o pigment_n be_v so_o harmless_a as_o not_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o texture_n for_o then_o the_o success_n will_v be_v frustrate_v experiment_n xii_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o body_n do_v not_o only_o seem_v compound_n when_o we_o look_v through_o two_o glass_n at_o once_o upon_o it_o but_o when_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v cast_v through_o a_o double_a glass_n the_o penetrate_a beam_n will_v be_v tinge_v with_o the_o compound_n colour_n but_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n cast_v by_o reflection_n on_o a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n from_o several_a varnish_v glass_n they_o be_v tinge_v with_o none_o of_o the_o colour_n except_o yellow_a so_o that_o i_o suspect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_a to_o penetrate_v deep_o into_o that_o substance_n than_o other_o and_o to_o be_v tinge_v with_o the_o varnish_n which_o guess_v i_o be_v confirm_v in_o by_o spread_v a_o little_a transparent_a varnish_n of_o a_o gold_n colour_n on_o a_o plate_n of_o muscovy_n glass_n for_o the_o ray_n thence_o reflect_v be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n experiment_n fourteen_o i_o not_o only_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o those_o colour_n which_o be_v by_o the_o school_n take_v to_o be_v fantastical_a may_v be_v compound_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o real_a one_o but_o that_o if_o those_o colour_n be_v deficient_a the_o result_a colour_n will_v be_v so_o too_o and_o among_o those_o experiment_n i_o make_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o yellow_a beam_n of_o a_o iris_n pass_v through_o a_o blue_a glass_n be_v turn_v green_n and_o the_o blue_a part_n of_o a_o iris_n cast_v upon_o red_a cioth_n will_v turn_v it_o purple_a and_o by_o cast_v one_o part_n of_o a_o iris_n upon_o another_o iris_n make_v by_o another_o prism_n i_o can_v compound_v colour_n which_o will_v answer_v my_o expectation_n as_o well_o as_o with_o those_o that_o be_v esteem_v real_a colour_n experiment_n xv._o i_o endeavour_v to_o try_v what_o alteration_n will_v be_v make_v in_o colour_n by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o colour_a prism_n but_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v too_o difficult_a to_o get_v such_o as_o i_o desire_v since_o whatever_o pigment_n a_o prism_n be_v colour_a with_o they_o will_v make_v it_o too_o opake_v for_o our_o purpose_n experiment_n xvi_o there_o be_v some_o liquor_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o devoid_a of_o colour_n but_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n for_o the_o time_n have_v very_o conspicuous_a one_o as_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n put_v on_o a_o red_a or_o a_o deep_a yellow_a and_o i_o further_o observe_v that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n traject_v through_o these_o steam_n appear_v tinge_v with_o their_o colour_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o be_v receive_v from_o the_o set_a sun_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a paper_n experiment_n xvii_o have_v mix_v colour_a powder_n together_o i_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o liquor_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o mixture_n the_o same_o colour_n will_v not_o emerge_n as_o from_o the_o dry_a powder_n orpiment_n and_o yellow_a ochre_n be_v mix_v afford_v a_o good_a green_n a_o yellow_a solution_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o a_o blue_a solution_n of_o crude_a copper_n by_o shake_v yield_v a_o transparent_a green_n and_o so_o do_v blue_a and_o yellow_a amel_n melt_v together_o whether_o this_o compound_a colour_n proceed_v from_o a_o union_n of_o ray_n or_o else_o from_o the_o joint_n effect_v they_o have_v upon_o the_o retina_fw-la as_o when_o two_o string_n sound_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o make_v one_o unite_v sound_v i_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o examine_v but_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o by_o a_o good_a microscope_n i_o can_v discern_v each_o of_o the_o powder_n of_o the_o bise_n and_o orpiment_n distinct_a so_o that_o a_o transposition_n and_o juxtaposition_n of_o part_n may_v produce_v a_o new_a colour_n by_o various_o modify_v and_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o fall_n upon_o they_o so_o that_o colour_n be_v mechanical_o produce_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o substantial_a form_n to_o explicate_v they_o nor_o do_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o inherent_a colour_n as_o they_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v since_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o a_o heap_n of_o mix_v particle_n of_o matter_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v how_o these_o compound_a colour_n shall_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o sulphur_n which_o though_o the_o ingredient_n must_v contain_v it_o cause_n no_o such_o effect_n there_o experiment_n xviii_o syrup_n of_o violet_n be_v drop_v upon_o paper_n and_o a_o yellow_a solution_n of_o gold_n mix_v with_o it_o the_o result_n be_v a_o red_a not_o a_o green_a which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o acid_n salt_n in_o the_o solution_n so_o that_o to_o produce_v a_o particular_a colour_n with_o certainty_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o ingredient_n it_o be_v requisite_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v mix_v without_o alter_v each_o other_o texture_n for_o a_o blue_a solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o urine_n make_v with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n not_o a_o blue_n but_o a_o green_n experiment_n xix_o to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v alter_v without_o any_o change_n in_o the_o chemical_a principle_n of_o a_o body_n i_o shall_v urge_v that_o essential_a oil_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shake_v till_o bubble_n rise_v they_o will_v afford_v as_o long_o as_o they_o last_o very_o lively_a colour_n and_o so_o do_v water_n and_o soap_n make_v into_o bubble_n by_o child_n and_o so_o will_v bubble_n in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o thin_a one_o blow_v of_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v discern_v several_a rainbow_n represent_v by_o hold_v before_o my_o rye_n and_o the_o sun_n a_o feather_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o black_a ribbon_n experiment_n xx._n almost_o any_o acid_n mix_v with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la will_v turn_v it_o green_a and_o all_o other_o alkalize_v salt_n and_o this_o may_v discover_v what_o salt_n be_v predominant_a in_o body_n as_o well_o as_o our_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la only_o it_o will_v not_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o so_o slight_a and_o weak_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxi_o blue_a bottle_n or_o corn-weed_n be_v candy_v preserve_v its_o colour_n a_o long_a time_n and_o when_o new_o press_v the_o juice_n will_v be_v blue_a yet_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a and_o alkaly_n green_n and_o this_o be_v draw_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n moisten_v with_o a_o acid_n it_o render_v it_o red._n a_o solntion_n of_o blue_a vitriol_n in_o water_n upon_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o lixiviate_v liquor_n or_o a_o urinous_a salt_n become_v yellow_a whence_o it_o appear_v that_o volatile_a or_o alkalizate_a salt_n change_v not_o blue_n into_o green_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o easy_a transition_n from_o blue_n to_o green_n but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o experiment_n xxii_o italian_n painter_n be_v use_v to_o imitate_v vliramarine_a azure_a by_o grind_a virdigrease_n with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o leave_v it_o to_o rot_v in_o a_o dunghill_n this_o give_v we_o a_o hint_n to_o pour_v oil_n of_o tartar_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o verdigrease_n which_o though_o at_o first_o the_o mixture_n be_v turbid_v yet_o be_v settle_v it_o produce_v a_o lovely_a tincture_n and_o a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o oil_n it_o yield_v a_o azure_a something_o pale_a than_o the_o former_a and_o if_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o these_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o ceruleous_a liquor_n may_v be_v obtain_v the_o better_a way_n to_o separate_v these_o azure_a liquor_n from_o their_o fece_n be_v by_o decentation_n than_o filtration_n the_o lquor_n be_v by_o the_o latter_a mean_n usual_o stain_v experiment_n xxiii_o though_o the_o fume_n of_o sulphur_n usual_o whiten_n rose_n leave_v yet_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n per_fw-la campanam_fw-la heighten_v the_o colour_n of_o their_o tincture_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o grain_n of_o cochinele_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o afterward_o gradual_o in_o water_n it_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o above_o 125000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a minuteness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o of_o a_o vast_o minute_n
division_n of_o they_o experiment_n xxv_o ripe_a privet_fw-la berry_n be_v crush_v upon_o white_a paper_n stain_v it_o with_o a_o purple_a yet_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a and_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n green_a and_o so_o will_v meserion_n and_o the_o juice_n of_o pease_n from_o whence_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n before_o premised_a it_o appear_v that_o the_o saline_n part_v of_o body_n have_v a_o considerable_a stroke_n in_o produce_v their_o colour_n experiment_n xxvi_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v upon_o several_a substance_n already_o red_a as_o syrup_n of_o clove-july-flower_n berry_n of_o spina_n cervina_fw-la a_o infusion_n of_o red_a rose_n brasil_n and_o several_a other_o it_o either_o make_v no_o alteration_n or_o render_v the_o red_a light_a a_o infusion_n of_o rose_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dirty_a colour_n by_o a_o affusion_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o syrup_n of_o clove_n be_v render_v a_o little_a more_o incline_v to_o green_n another_o red_a infusion_n be_v advance_v into_o a_o crimson_a but_o the_o juice_n of_o buckthorn-berry_n acquire_v a_o lovely_a green_n experiment_n xxvii_o spirit_n of_o salt_n have_v a_o very_a small_a effect_n upon_o the_o juice_n of_o jasmin_n but_o spirit_n of_o urine_n turn_v it_o to_o a_o greenish_a yellow_n and_o the_o event_n be_v much_o the_o same_o when_o we_o try_v it_o with_o those_o less_o oily_a leave_n call_v snow_n drop_v which_o appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n experiment_n xxviii_o marigold_n leave_v fresh_o mad_a and_o early_a primrose_n etc._n etc._n be_v rub_v upon_o paper_n till_o they_o colour_a it_o they_o will_v be_v turn_v red_a or_o green_n by_o alkalized_a liquor_n though_o so_o acid_n a_o salt_n as_o the_o spirit_n of_o it_o rather_o dilute_v they_o yet_o it_o almost_o destroy_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o early_a primrose_n and_o a_o alkalizate_a solution_n turn_v the_o juice_n of_o mad_a root_n red_a as_o well_o as_o the_o bruise_a root_n itself_o from_o whence_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o peculiar_a salt_n upon_o the_o juice_n of_o vegetable_n depend_v on_o their_o particular_a texture_n experiment_n xxix_o a_o black-berry_n full_a ripe_a and_o another_o only_a red_a be_v rub_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n the_o juice_n of_o the_o former_a be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a by_o a_o lixivium_n and_o one_o much_o faint_a by_o a_o urinous_a salt_n and_o by_o a_o acid_n into_o a_o red._n but_o the_o unripe_a berry_n be_v little_o alter_v by_o the_o acid_n but_o by_o the_o other_o juice_n receive_v impression_n different_a from_o the_o former_a damask_n rose_n will_v be_v colour_v red_a by_o a_o acid_n and_o green_a by_o a_o alkaly_n but_o a_o yellow_a province_n rose_n by_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a bluish_a tincture_n but_o a_o acid_n only_o dilute_v the_o yellowness_n of_o the_o leave_n and_o be_v i_o in_o the_o island_n of_o banda_n i_o shall_v try_v what_o effect_n these_o salt_n will_v have_v on_o the_o juice_n of_o clove_n which_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v first_o white_n then_o green_a and_o afterward_o reddish_n and_o when_o dry_v grow_v black_a but_o the_o flower_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o a_o excellent_a blue_n and_o one_o thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o notice_n be_v that_o though_o damask_n as_o well_o as_o red_a rose_n give_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o water_n acidulate_v yet_o the_o one_o have_v a_o purgative_a and_o the_o other_o a_o bind_a quality_n and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v under_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o mr._n parkinson_n tell_v we_o that_o buckthorn_n berry_n gather_v green_a and_o bruise_v into_o allum-water_n yield_v a_o yellow_a when_o they_o be_v black_a they_o yield_v a_o sap_n green_n and_o if_o they_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n they_o yield_v a_o purple_a colour_n and_o clusius_n of_o alaternus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o grosser_n part_n of_o some_o plant_n differ_v in_o colour_n from_o each_o other_o for_o the_o portugal_n dye_n their_o net_n blow_v with_o a_o bark_n and_o blackish_a blue_a with_o the_o wood._n experiment_n xxx_o to_o show_v that_o a_o change_n of_o colour_n depend_v on_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o philosophical_a egg_n it_o will_v by_o digestion_n pass_v through_o several_a degree_n of_o colour_n before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o noble_a elixir_n and_o that_o several_a substance_n will_v undergo_v change_n of_o colour_n by_o digestion_n be_v evident_a in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n precipitation_n of_o amalgamas_n of_o gold_n and_o mercury_n without_o addition_n where_o by_o a_o continue_a heat_n the_o silver-coloured_a amalgama_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o shine_a red_a powder_n which_o effect_n be_v produce_v without_o a_o addition_n or_o substraction_n of_o matter_n by_o the_o bare_a change_n of_o texture_n experiment_n xxxi_o in_o most_o tincture_n which_o the_o chemist_n draw_v redness_n be_v the_o common_a colour_n as_o well_o as_o in_o more_o gross_a solution_n though_o the_o menstruum_n be_v colourless_a as_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n from_o jalap_n guajacum_fw-la amber_n and_o benzoin_n flower_n of_o brimstone_n turpentine_n etc._n etc._n and_o most_o acid_n or_o alkalizate_a salt_n will_v with_o sulphureous_a body_n produce_v a_o red_a and_o so_o will_v glass_n of_o antimony_n and_o i_o know_v a_o acid_n which_o will_v turn_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o red._n experiment_n xxxii_o though_o balsam_n of_o sulphur_n seem_v red_a as_o well_o as_o other_o liquor_n in_o a_o broad_a vessel_n yet_o it_o stain_v paper_n yellow_a but_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochenele_n never_o so_o much_o dilute_v will_v still_o remain_v red._n experiment_n xxxiii_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n digest_v upon_o white_a sugar_n of_o lead_n yield_v a_o red_a tincture_n experiment_n xxxiv_o if_o 5_o ounce_n of_o brimstone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n with_o 6_o ounce_n of_o quicklime_n in_o a_o sand-heat_a gradual_o increase_v a_o volatile_a tincture_n of_o sulphur_n will_v be_v obtain_v which_o be_v red_a though_o none_o of_o the_o ingredient_n be_v so_o yet_o if_o agitate_a when_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v unstop_v it_o will_v yield_v a_o white_a fume_v and_o sometime_o it_o may_v be_v so_o draw_v that_o though_o the_o fume_n be_v white_a yet_o the_o liquor_n will_v die_v the_o finger_n black_a experiment_n xxxv_o we_o let_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n fall_v upon_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n coagulate_v and_o spread_v upon_o white_a paper_n by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o red_a colour_n produce_v with_o heat_n and_o smoke_n experiment_n xxxvi_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o experiment_n above_o recite_v be_v that_o though_o the_o colour_n mention_v be_v easy_o produce_v yet_o some_o of_o they_o present_o fade_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n or_o the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o part_n and_o parkison_n tell_v we_o that_o berry_n of_o that_o plant_n which_o bear_v turnsol_n a_o pigment_n well_o know_v in_o painter_n shop_n when_o they_o be_v at_o their_o full_a maturity_n yield_v a_o juice_n which_o be_v rub_v upon_o paper_n appear_v green_a but_o present_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bluish_a purple_n upon_o the_o cloth_n or_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v wet_a in_o water_n and_o wring_v forth_o will_v give_v it_o a_o claret_n colour_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o red_a colour_n of_o buckthorn_n berry_n degenerate_a into_o a_o dirty_a grey_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o alkaly_n or_o a_o acid_n it_o will_v put_v on_o a_o green_a or_o red_a colour_n and_o the_o same_o success_n we_o have_v when_o we_o drop_v the_o same_o liquor_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o glaze_v tile_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o silver_n precipitate_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la though_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v white_a yet_o when_o upon_o a_o decantation_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o superficies_n become_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o present_o turn_v blackish_a and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sort_n of_o pear_n which_o will_v give_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o wine_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v keep_v upon_o white_a salt_n of_o tartar_n acquire_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o thing_n and_o also_o why_o all_o body_n burn_v in_o the_o open_a air_n almost_o be_v black_a i_o shall_v leave_v to_o pyrophilus_n to_o inquire_v experiment_n xxxvii_o spirit_n of_o salt_n pour_v on_o a_o solution_n of_o cochinele_n or_o the_o juice_n of_o black_a cherry_n render_v their_o colour_n clear_a but_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n yellow_a the_o acid_n liquor_n in_o
both_o weaken_n the_o spirit_n on_o which_o it_o fall_v for_o as_o crimson_a be_v a_o red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_a so_o yellow_a be_v but_o a_o dilate_a red_a and_o therefore_o alkalizated_a salt_n will_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o infusion_n of_o cochinele_n and_o brasil_n to_o crimson_a but_o will_v turn_v the_o yellow_a juice_n of_o mad_a red_n and_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n to_o a_o crimson_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o blue_a and_o purple_a seem_v to_o be_v deep_a colour_n than_o red_a and_o therefore_o the_o juice_n of_o plant_n of_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a colour_n may_v be_v turn_v red_a by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la yet_o syrup_n of_o violet_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o contrary_a turn_v green_a by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v a_o more_o dilute_a colour_n than_o blow_v experiment_n xxxviii_o salt_n distil_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o operation_n yield_v red_a fume_n and_o vitriol_n though_o green_a or_o blue_a come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o several_a other_o concretes_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o soot_n have_v fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o white_a fume_n yet_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v red_a nor_o that_o of_o vitriol_n or_o soot_n white_a and_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o wood_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o black_a and_o red_a and_o though_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o plant_n yet_o the_o distil_a liquor_n vary_v not_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o sublimation_n that_o the_o flower_n differ_v much_o in_o colour_n from_o the_o fume_n that_o compose_v they_o as_o red_a benzoin_n yield_v white_a flower_n and_o antimony_n afford_v flower_n some_o of_o they_o red_a and_o some_o grace_n and_o some_o of_o they_o pure_o white_a and_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o some_o glass_n man_n to_o make_v a_o blue_a sublimate_n of_o a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o brimstone_n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o orpiment_n which_o be_v a_o yellow_a substance_n yield_v a_o sublimate_n among_o which_o several_a red_a fume_n ascend_v and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sublimate_n who_o low_a part_n be_v set_v with_o red_a particle_n which_o glitter_v pretty_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o if_o good_a spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o tincture_n or_o a_o infusion_n of_o the_o flower_n of_o pomegranate_n the_o red_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a colour_n but_o by_o spirit_n of_o sea-slat_n it_o will_v become_v come_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n which_o red_a may_v be_v ture_v into_o a_o dirty_a green_n by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n wherein_o leave_v of_o senna_n be_v immerse_v it_o present_o appear_v red_a but_o the_o same_o will_v not_o happen_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o red_a rose_n leave_v be_v put_v in_o warm_a water_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o but_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n only_o hasten_v the_o tincture_n of_o the_o senna_n since_o the_o leave_n in_o a_o night_n time_n will_v yield_v a_o tincture_n in_o cold_a water_n which_o will_v not_o be_v heighten_v by_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o red_a rose_n leave_v that_o the_o tincture_n be_v rather_o extract_v than_o produce_v by_o the_o oil_n yet_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o extract_v the_o tincture_n the_o one_o will_v not_o do_v what_o the_o other_o will_v but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v do_v as_o well_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o upon_o the_o red_a tincture_n of_o rose_n decant_v you_o drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o shake_v the_o viol_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o greenish_a blue_n which_o be_v observable_a since_o the_o turn_n of_o red_a into_o blue_a be_v a_o very_a unfrequent_a observation_n and_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o red_a tincture_n to_o a_o blue_a if_o it_o be_v take_v as_o the_o liquor_n be_v dropp'n_a in_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o pretty_a variety_n of_o colour_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o represent_v the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o tincture_n be_v very_o high_a the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v turn_v it_o to_o a_o deep_a opacous_a blue_a but_o the_o liquor_n be_v leave_v open_a two_o or_o three_o day_n both_o the_o blue_a and_o the_o red_a colour_n vanish_v the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o amber_n colour_n and_o have_v a_o feculent_a sediment_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v form_v of_o the_o rose_n draw_v together_o by_o the_o acid_n and_o precipitate_v by_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n in_o who_o room_n other_o sulphureous_a salt_n may_v be_v substitute_v and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n it_o present_o turn_v the_o red_a liquor_n into_o a_o purple_a one_o but_o if_o the_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n be_v impregnate_v with_o acid_a spirit_n of_o salt_n it_o will_v yield_v neither_o a_o red_a nor_o a_o purple_a but_o a_o yellow_a liquor_n experiment_n xl._n to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la and_o again_o destroy_v we_o drop_v oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o deep_a orange_n colour_n but_o upon_o drop_v in_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o continue_v to_o shake_v the_o glass_n strong_o the_o whole_a will_n present_o become_v transparent_a again_o in_o which_o the_o colour_n result_v from_o a_o coalition_n of_o the_o mercurial_a particle_n with_o the_o saline_a one_o and_o with_o the_o alkalizate_a particle_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o oil_n but_o how_o these_o unite_n come_v to_o form_v such_o a_o substance_n as_o reflect_v such_o a_o colour_n i_o confess_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o explain_v but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o precipitate_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v sublime_v together_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o sublimate_n and_o dissolve_v the_o ascend_a flower_n in_o water_n and_o siltre_v it_o the_o limpid_a liquor_n turn_v white_a upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o a_o alkaly_n and_o not_o yellow_a and_o not_o only_o by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o by_o vary_v the_o precipitate_v liquor_n the_o success_n of_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v different_a for_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n the_o precipitate_v will_v be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o former_a and_o from_o quicksilver_n itself_o without_o sublimate_n we_o may_v prepare_v a_o pricipitate_a dissoluble_a in_o water_n without_o discolour_v it_o and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o composition_n that_o though_o in_o our_o experiment_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n destroy_v the_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n we_o may_v make_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o water_n alone_o and_o i_o the_o rather_o employ_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o such_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o void_a of_o colour_n but_o strong_a and_o incisive_a for_o notwithstanding_o common_a and_o undephlegm_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o effect_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o be_v careful_o dephlegm_v it_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n answer_v expectation_n but_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o though_o by_o drop_v in_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n successive_o the_o liquor_n will_v regain_v and_o lose_v its_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o liquor_n grow_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o successive_a additional_a drop_n the_o yellow_a colour_n will_v gradual_o appear_v more_o faint_a a_o improvement_n of_o the_o forty_o experiment_n if_o crude_a antimony_n be_v boil_v in_o a_o strong_a lixivium_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o sulphureous_a sediment_n which_o will_v settle_v in_o yellow_a flake_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o take_v fire_n than_o the_o powder_n of_o antimony_n therefore_o consider_v that_o sulphur_n boil_v in_o a_o lixivium_n may_v be_v precipitate_v by_o rhenish_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o acid_v i_o can_v precipitate_v other_o sulphureous_a
and_o the_o like_a colour_n be_v afford_v by_o it_o on_o a_o piece_n of_o flat_a glaze_v earth_n and_o some_o of_o the_o same_o be_v drop_v into_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o invert_v cone_n exhibit_v great-varietys_a of_o crimson_n and_o purple_a and_o when_o the_o litmase_v be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o afford_v a_o glorious_a yellow_n like_o that_o of_o a_o topaz_n when_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o it_o and_o if_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v drop_v into_o it_o they_o subside_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o bright_a dilute_a colour_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o purple_a above_o that_o and_o a_o deep_a crimson_n betwixt_o that_o and_o a_o yellow_a which_o wrought_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o if_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v pour_v upon_o that_o it_o will_v turn_v part_n of_o the_o yellow_a into_o a_o purple_a or_o crimson_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o pigment_n be_v near_o or_o more_o disperse_v the_o colour_n represent_v by_o they_o vary_v experiment_n xlv_o a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n use_v as_o a_o succedaneum_n of_o spaw-water_n and_o who_o colour_n be_v like_a that_o of_o german_a amethyst_n be_v drop_v into_o rhenish-wine_n afford_v a_o lovely_a green_n but_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o receive_v that_o tincture_n from_o it_o and_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o the_o effect_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o acidity_n in_o the_o wine_n i_o impregnated_a water_n with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o green_a tincture_n from_o the_o liquor_n and_o to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n i_o drop_v alkalizate_a and_o urinous_a salt_n into_o the_o green_a tincture_n by_o which_o it_o put_v on_o a_o dirty_a and_o a_o turbid_v colour_n but_o if_o this_o essense_n of_o steel_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n impregnate_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a will_v turn_v it_o yellow_a the_o vitriolate_a salt_n be_v precipitate_v by_o they_o and_o olaus_n wormius_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o rare_a kind_n of_o turn-sole_a which_o will_v communicate_v a_o red_a tincture_n to_o water_n and_o though_o it_o will_v to_o wine_n yet_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o tinged_a by_o it_o so_o that_o tincture_n both_o depend_v on_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o body_n that_o receive_v and_o that_o which_o give_v the_o tincture_n experiment_n xlvi_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n of_o metal_n be_v either_o such_o as_o they_o acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o they_o or_o such_o as_o result_v from_o the_o coalition_n of_o metaline_n particle_n with_o the_o mestruum_fw-la which_o dissolve_v they_o or_o last_o when_o they_o be_v mix_v together_o by_o fusion_n and_o first_o tin_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v calcine_v afford_v a_o white_a calx_fw-la and_o lead_v a_o red_a one_o and_o copper_n calcine_v per_fw-la se_fw-la yield_v a_o dark_a blackish_a powder_n and_o iron_n by_o reverberate_v flame_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o crocus_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o red_a powder_n and_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a colour_n there_o be_v several_a intermediate_v once_o whilst_o by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n metal_n be_v a_o calcine_v and_o not_o only_o the_o calces_fw-la but_o the_o glass_n of_o mineral_n vitrify_v per_fw-la se_fw-la be_v of_o colour_n different_a from_o the_o metal_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o glass_n make_v of_o silver_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n and_o not_o only_o metal_n but_o mineral_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o yield_v colour_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n different_a from_o their_o own_o as_o antimony_n afford_v a_o whitish_a grace_n calx_fw-la and_o flower_n various_o colour_a and_o the_o calx_fw-la by_o be_v flux_v will_v yield_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o yellow_a or_o red_a colour_n and_o vitriol_n calcine_v pass_v through_o several_a colour_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a purple_a experiment_n xlvii_o as_o for_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n produce_v by_o the_o union_n of_o metal_n with_o their_o solvent_n gold_n give_v aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v yellow_a colour_n but_o mercury_n give_v no_o considerable_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la except_o a_o greenness_n or_o blewness_n at_o the_o first_o which_o present_o disappear_v tin_n corrode_v by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o curdled_a milk_n or_o eggs._n lead_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n afford_v a_o clear_a solution_n and_o if_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v draw_v off_o appear_v white_a iron_n dissolve_v by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n dilute_v with_o water_n yield_v a_o green_a vitriolum_fw-la martis_n but_o give_v a_o saffron_n colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o a_o yellowish_a red._n common_a silver_n such_o as_o be_v coin_v give_v a_o copper_n tincture_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la but_o such_o as_o be_v refine_v perfect_o give_v a_o bluish_a green_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o be_v sublime_v with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a it_o afford_v a_o bluish_a sublimate_n and_o indeed_o copper_n dissolve_v in_o several_a menstruum_n will_v yield_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o greenish_a blue_n or_o bluish_a green_a colour_n but_o with_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n and_o turpentine_n it_o afford_v a_o blue_a tincture_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o green_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o adventitious_a colour_n may_v result_v from_o the_o copper_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o salt_n which_o corrode_v it_o i_o moisten_a dantzick_n vitriol_n with_o spital_n and_o then_o rub_v it_o upon_o a_o knife_n it_o give_v it_o a_o reddish_a colour_n like_o that_o of_o copper_n saccharum_fw-la saturni_n with_o spirit_n of_o turpentine_n will_v yield_v a_o red_a balsam_n and_o that_o stone_n which_o helmont_n call_v paracelsus_n his_o ludus_fw-la in_o a_o proper_a menstruum_fw-la afford_v sometime_o a_o yellowish_a and_o sometime_o a_o red_a solution_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o quicksilver_n be_v precipitate_v out_o of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o sea-salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n but_o if_o it_o be_v precipitate_v with_o a_o alkaly_a it_o yield_v a_o yellow_a tawny_a powder_n but_o if_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v draw_v off_o without_o precipitate_v it_o the_o remain_a substance_n will_v vary_v its_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o once_o i_o observe_v the_o white_a calx_fw-la to_o remain_v partly_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a and_o in_o some_o part_n red_a the_o remain_a part_n be_v elevate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o red_a and_o ash-coloured_a sublimate_n and_o vermilion_n be_v only_o a_o sublimate_n of_o mercury_n and_o brimstone_n experiment_n xlviii_o to_o show_v that_o metal_n associate_v with_o other_o body_n will_v afford_v different_a colour_n i_o have_v give_v a_o instance_n in_o silver_n which_o give_v glass_n a_o lovely_a golden_a colour_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o artificer_n paint_v glass_n yellow_a with_o calx_fw-la of_o silver_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o saphirine_n blue_n from_o shel-silver_n mix_v with_o powder_n of_o crystal_n glass_n keep_v in_o fusion_n two_o or_o three_o hour_n which_o i_o attribute_v to_o some_o copper_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o silver_n and_o though_o copper_n calcine_v per_fw-la se_fw-la yield_v a_o dark_a colour_v calx_fw-la yet_o it_o tinge_v glass_n green_n but_o be_v keep_v in_o fusion_n with_o 100_o time_n its_o weight_n in_o glass_n it_o afford_v not_o a_o green_a but_o a_o blue_a substance_n which_o whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o mineral_n or_o it_o be_v saline_a part_n only_o or_o both_o i_o must_v not_o stay_v to_o inquire_v but_o to_o proceed_v putty_n make_v of_o tin_n and_o lead_v calcine_v together_o be_v a_o white_a calx_fw-la give_v colliquate_v glass_n the_o resemblance_n of_o white_a amel_n which_o will_v receive_v into_o it_o the_o colour_n of_o divers_a mineral_n which_o will_v endure_v the_o fire_n and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o blue_a and_o yellow_a amel_n be_v compound_v will_v afford_v a_o green_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o the_o dark_a substance_n call_v zaffora_n will_v give_v glass_n a_o blue_a tincture_n and_o that_o dark_a substance_n term_v magnesia_n from_o its_o similar_v colour_n to_o that_o of_o a_o loadstone_n give_v glass_n not_o only_a colour_n different_a from_o its_o own_o
but_o in_o themselves_o as_o a_o red_a purplish_a or_o blackish_a as_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o vary_v yet_o it_o be_v use_v to_o free_a glass_n from_o that_o bluish_a green_a colour_n that_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o and_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o confirm_v what_o we_o deliver_v in_o the_o xliv_o experiment_n viz._n that_o as_o the_o part_n of_o a_o pigment_n be_v more_o close_o or_o set_v at_o distance_n the_o colour_n will_v vary_v and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o fruitless_a to_o advertise_v that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o good_a way_n of_o try_v oar_n and_o what_o metal_n they_o most_o abound_v with_o to_o try_v what_o colour_n they_o give_v glass_n when_o mix_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n and_o keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o equal_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o length_n of_o time_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o instance_n agreeable_a to_o those_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o sea-salt_n sublimed_a together_o constitute_v white_a arsenic_n and_o though_o orpiment_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n yet_o arsenic_n give_v copper_n a_o white_a colour_n within_o and_o without_o in_o counterfeit_v factitious_a gem_n by_o vitrification_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o calcine_v lead_n colliquate_v with_o white_a sand_n or_o crystal_n powder_v by_o successive_a ignition_n and_o extinction_n yield_v a_o decoction_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o german_a amethyst_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o calcine_v lead_v itself_o something_o like_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o a_o amethyst_n and_o with_o glass_n of_o lead_n overpower_v with_o other_o pigment_n you_o may_v emulate_v the_o greenness_n of_o emerald_n though_o in_o several_a case_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o lead_n may_v vitiate_v that_o of_o the_o pigment_n and_o these_o colour_n so_o much_o depend_v upon_o texture_n that_o before_o the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n acquire_v a_o amethistine_a colour_n it_o pass_v through_o several_a intermediate_v colour_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n may_v be_v so_o much_o vary_v by_o degree_n of_o fire_n that_o i_o have_v have_v a_o mass_n of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o small_a nut_n of_o four_o distinct_a colour_n annotation_n but_o beside_o the_o aformentioned_a way_n by_o which_o metal_n may_v acquire_v adventitious_a colour_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o unmentioned_a for_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o strike_v that_o colour_n term_v a_o bow-dye_a without_o the_o material_n be_v boil_v in_o vessel_n either_o make_v of_o or_o line_v with_o a_o particular_a metal_n the_o other_o way_n of_o die_a body_n be_v with_o the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o their_o proper_a menstruum_n so_o gold_n dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la will_v die_v the_o nail_n and_o skin_n and_o haft_n of_o knife_n make_v of_o ivory_n not_o with_o a_o golden_a colour_n but_o a_o purple_a scarce_o ever_o to_o be_v wash_v out_o and_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o that_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n will_v die_v the_o nail_n black_n so_o brine_n colour_n beef_n green_n or_o red_a and_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o common_a salt_n colour_n neat_n tongue_n red_a and_o such_o flesh_n as_o will_v be_v otherwise_o white_a and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n of_o vitriol_n or_o common_a sulphur_n will_v colour_n silver_n with_o a_o golden_a or_o red_a colour_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o bath_n water_n cause_n that_o effect_v and_o the_o juice_n of_o alcanna_n which_o be_v green_n die_v the_o skin_n and_o nail_n of_o a_o last_a red._n experiment_n xlix_o boil_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o powder_a turmerick_n with_o water_n add_v to_o every_o pound_n of_o water_n two_o spoonsful_a of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o pot-ash_n in_o a_o clean_o glaze_v vessel_n till_o by_o immerse_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n you_o find_v the_o turmerick_n to_o have_v give_v its_o tincture_n then_o drop_v into_o the_o filter_v tincture_n a_o solution_n of_o roach_n allom_n the_o tinged_a part_n be_v curdle_v will_v swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o flake_n and_o the_o liquor_n will_v pass_v through_o a_o filtre_n clear_a leave_v the_o yellow_a part_n behind_o it_o which_o may_v be_v dulcify_v by_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n but_o this_o vegetable_a lake_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o decant_v liquor_n without_o filtration_n by_o pour_v on_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o than_o it_o will_v either_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n or_o subside_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o may_v be_v make_v fit_a for_o use_v by_o be_v dulcify_v with_o fresh_a water_n after_o it_o have_v be_v gather_v by_o filtration_n and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v dry_v upon_o a_o cloth_n under_o which_o brick_n chalk_v or_o paper_n be_v place_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n annotation_n though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o this_o magistracy_n of_o vegetable_n be_v only_o make_v up_o of_o the_o colour_a part_n of_o the_o plant_n yet_o to_o favour_v the_o contrary_n i_o shall_v represent_v that_o allom_n contain_v a_o stony_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o a_o acid_n spirit_n and_o though_o workman_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o use_v a_o sea_n weed_n call_v kelp_n and_o urine_n yet_o natural_a allom_n have_v be_v find_v in_o england_n a_o solution_n of_o which_o by_o a_o affusion_n of_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n will_v depose_v a_o white_a curd_n which_o be_v filter_v will_v leave_v behind_o it_o a_o metalline_a stony_a calx_fw-la very_o white_a little_a bit_n of_o which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n will_v neither_o melt_v nor_o fly_v away_o nor_o will_v they_o wash_v away_o in_o hot_a water_n so_o that_o they_o be_v unlikely_a to_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o vegetable_a lake_n by_o ablution_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o from_o the_o filter_v liquor_n i_o have_v obtain_v saline_a part_n which_o will_v flame_n at_o a_o candle_n and_o fly_v away_o with_o some_o noise_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o substance_n from_o allom_n by_o precipitate_v it_o with_o urinous_a salt_n and_o even_a urine_n itself_o so_o that_o sometime_o we_o may_v think_v that_o we_o obtain_v a_o precipitate_v from_o a_o liquor_n when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n yield_v by_o the_o solution_n of_o allom_n make_v use_v of_o to_o precipitate_v it_o the_o abovementioned_a way_n of_o make_v lake_n be_v try_v with_o mad_a it_o yield_v a_o red_a one_o and_o with_o rue_n it_o afford_v one_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o leave_n but_o since_o the_o colour_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o vegetable_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o lixivium_n it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o lake_n will_v always_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o herb_n since_o lixiviate_v salt_n may_v not_o only_o extract_v but_o alter_v the_o tincture_n of_o vegetable_n and_o though_o acid_v sometime_o do_v yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o will_v not_o always_o restore_v colour_n destroy_v by_o alkaly_n since_o syrup_n of_o violet_n turn_v green_a by_o a_o alkaly_n will_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o a_o blue_n by_o a_o acid_n but_o be_v change_v to_o a_o red._n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o when_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o alkaly_n it_o will_v be_v much_o faint_a than_o the_o vegetable_a it_o be_v draw_v from_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o allom_n be_v not_o only_o of_o use_n in_o such_o like_a experiment_n as_o these_o but_o also_o in_o the_o dyer_n trade_n experiment_n l._n have_v a_o mind_n not_o only_o to_o change_v the_o colour_n of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o but_o also_o to_o obtain_v two_o substance_n of_o distinct_a colour_n from_o one_o body_n in_o order_n to_o it_o i_o consider_v that_o since_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n whole_o lose_v its_o acidity_n by_o work_v upon_o minium_n the_o solution_n will_v alter_v the_o juice_n of_o plant_n as_o oil_n of_o tartar_n usual_o do_v and_o accord_o i_o find_v that_o it_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o red_a rose_n leave_v green_n and_o further_o consider_v that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v precipitate_v solution_n of_o mineral_n especial_o in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o that_o the_o calcesare_n usual_o fair_a and_o white_a consider_v these_o thing_n i_o drop_v a_o solution_n of_o minium_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o rose_n by_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v green_a but_o drop_v on_o that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o will_v precipitate_v the_o lead_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o leave_v in_o the_o liquor_n a_o clear_a and_o high_a tincture_n of_o rose_n which_o appear_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n shape_v like_o a_o invert_v cone_n and_o this_o experiment_n likewise_o succeed_v when_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v make_v use_n
whilst_o it_o be_v stir_v about_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n gradual_o subside_v experiment_n iu._n etc._n another_o immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n etc._n etc._n have_v pour_v as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o globulous_a part_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o air_n about_o it_o we_o pour_v into_o it_o a_o volatile_a salt_n obtain_v by_o sublimation_n from_o salarmoniack_a and_o a_o fix_a alcali_n and_o though_o upon_o the_o joint_a action_n of_o these_o two_o body_n a_o considerable_a noise_n be_v raise_v with_o bubble_n and_o froth_n yet_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n begin_v to_o subside_n and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o the_o spirit_n of_o allom_n be_v whole_o glut_v with_o the_o volatile_a salt_n the_o whole_a descent_n be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o inch._n from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o forego_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o alcaly_n and_o acid_n produce_v heat_n upon_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n which_o ensue_v their_o mixture_n they_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n precise_o consider_v as_o such_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o urinous_a salt_n mix_v with_o a_o acid_a spirit_n viz._n of_o roch_n allom_n produce_v coldness_n and_o not_o a_o true_a effervescence_n experiment_n v._n armon_n a_o thermoscope_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o sal_fw-la armon_n one_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o little_a warmth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v pour_v into_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o a_o thermometer_n immerse_v in_o it_o when_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o external_a we_o pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a to_o glut_v the_o acid_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o mixture_n be_v that_o upon_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n descend_v a_o inch._n experiment_n vi._n vitriol_n heat_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n though_o salt-peter_n usual_o produce_v a_o coldness_n in_o liquor_n yet_o eight_o ounce_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o six_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n emit_v fume_n copious_o experiment_n vii_o water_n the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n mix_v with_o water_n though_o gunpowder_n be_v a_o body_n so_o inflammable_a yet_o it_o evident_o impart_v a_o coldness_n if_o mix_v with_o water_n if_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n former_o make_v use_v of_o before_o the_o oil_n have_v be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n a_o digression_n about_o potential_a coldness_n explain_v potential_a coldness_n mechanical_o explain_v potential_a coldness_n be_v usual_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o quality_n so_o absolute_a as_o not_o to_o be_v explicable_a without_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n but_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o may_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n be_v clear_o explain_v by_o mechanic_n principle_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o figure_n shape_n and_o texture_n of_o body_n may_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o lessen_v the_o usual_a and_o natural_a agitation_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o consequent_o the_o perception_n of_o this_o imminution_n may_v cause_v such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o term_v potential_a coldness_n which_o account_n be_v allow_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o potential_a coldness_n be_v only_o a_o relative_a quality_n depend_v on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o agent_n through_o the_o body_n to_o be_v cool_v by_o they_o according_a to_o which_o notion_n the_o cold_a fit_n in_o ague_n may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v to_o arise_v from_o a_o intermixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o some_o clammy_a matter_n which_o before_o a_o dissolution_n be_v unable_a to_o cause_v any_o considerable_a effect_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n but_o present_o after_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n produce_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n as_o affect_v the_o sensory_a with_o such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o esteem_v potential_a coldness_n which_o sensation_n may_v not_o only_o be_v so_o produce_v in_o ague_n but_o by_o a_o like_a cause_n in_o other_o distemper_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o in_o hypochondriack_n and_o hysterical_a case_n to_o render_v which_o account_v more_o probable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o poison_n that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o they_o be_v interperse_v through_o the_o part_n of_o humour_n previous_o dispose_v may_v cause_v a_o notable_a refrigeration_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v prepare_v a_o penetrate_a chemical_a liquor_n a_o drop_n of_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o animal_n will_v cast_v he_o into_o a_o seem_a sleep_n and_o a_o little_o large_a quantity_n be_v by_o mischance_n apply_v to_o a_o akeing_n tooth_n give_v the_o person_n a_o sort_n of_o tremble_a and_o almost_o a_o universal_a refrigeration_n and_o that_o coldness_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n with_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a history_n famulum_fw-la habui_fw-la say_v benivenius_n cap._n 56._o abditorum_fw-la apud_fw-la schenk_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la venen_fw-la obs_n 24._o qui_fw-fr a_fw-fr scorpione_n ictus_fw-la tam_fw-la subito_fw-la ac_fw-la tam_fw-la frigido_fw-la sudore_fw-la toto_fw-la corpore_fw-la perfusus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la algentissima_fw-la nive_n atque_fw-la glacie_n seize_v opprimi_fw-la quereretur_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la algenti_fw-la illi_fw-la solam_fw-la theriacam_n ex_fw-la vino_fw-la potentiore_fw-la exhibuissem_fw-la illico_fw-la curatus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o relate_v by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n cent._n 6._o obs_n vir_fw-la qui_fw-la a_o scorpione_n in_o manus_fw-la digito_fw-la punctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la multum_fw-la dolebat_fw-la &_o refrigeratus_fw-la totus_fw-la contremebat_fw-la &_o per_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolores_fw-la cute_fw-la tota_fw-la quasi_fw-la aut_fw-la puncta_fw-la formicantes_fw-la patiebatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o what_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o whether_o such_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o a_o sort_n of_o coagulation_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o the_o blood_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o different_a determination_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o liquor_n as_o to_o the_o line_n they_o move_v in_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v but_o shall_v rather_o offer_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v since_o the_o internal_a constitution_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v different_a from_o each_o other_o and_o since_o the_o size_n and_o texture_n of_o several_a agent_n be_v also_o various_a whether_o they_o may_v not_o upon_o that_o account_n have_v different_a effect_n upon_o distinct_a part_n of_o the_o body_n for_o all_o the_o quality_n of_o such_o agent_n do_v not_o whole_o depend_v on_o the_o action_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o medicine_n only_o but_o depend_v on_o some_o adventitious_a quality_n which_o they_o acquire_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o particular_a humour_n and_o which_o they_o may_v dispose_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o work_v upon_o by_o the_o other_o efficient_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n and_o these_o conjecture_n may_v not_o be_v render_v a_o little_a probable_a by_o observe_v that_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n inward_o take_v cause_n heat_v yet_o external_o it_o abate_v the_o heat_n of_o inflame_a part_n but_o have_v different_a effect_n on_o a_o tender_a eye_n and_o though_o internal_o five_o grain_n of_o camphire_n may_v diffuse_v heat_n through_o the_o 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leave_v this_o digression_n and_o proceed_v to_o experiment_n about_o cold._n experiment_n viii_o sal-armon_a oil_n of_o
vitriol_n pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sal-armon_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n and_o texture_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o gradual_o add_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o whilst_o upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n the_o water_n become_v cold_a we_o pour_v in_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o which_o the_o mixture_n become_v hot_a where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o though_o salarmoniack_a in_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n produce_v cold_a yet_o a_o contrary_a effect_n shall_v happen_v upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o both_o together_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o the_o two_o liquor_n overpowr_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o salt_n be_v able_a otherwise_o to_o produce_v experiment_n ix_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n be_v so_o uncertain_a sometime_o 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be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a which_o way_n of_o estimate_v weather-glass_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o unquestionable_o to_o answer_v expectation_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o certainty_n but_o 2d_o consideration_n the_o 2d_o second_o there_o be_v unaccurateness_n in_o measure_v of_o cold_a by_o weather-glass_n which_o may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o be_v not_o since_o sufficient_a care_n be_v not_o take_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v exact_v all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o open_a weather-glass_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o contrive_v for_o thermometrical_a experiment_n than_o those_o that_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o in_o which_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o close_v with_o cement_n or_o wax_n that_o the_o external_n air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o it_o but_o through_o the_o pipe_n upon_o a_o expansion_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n the_o liquor_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o than_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n in_o ordinary_a glass_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v much_o too_o small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cavity_n into_o which_o it_o must_v expand_v itself_o when_o rarify_v to_o make_v the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o to_o be_v so_o sensible_a enough_o but_o beside_o that_o this_o of_o we_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n further_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a for_o our_o 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the_o expansion_n consider_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o hypothesis_n suspicious_a i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v appear_v and_o then_o this_o computation_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o the_o force_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o thereabouts_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o inch_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o ten_o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n a_o equal_a force_n superadd_v to_o the_o former_a will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a air_n into_o half_a the_o space_n which_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n 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among_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o the_o one_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v affect_v with_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o to_o freeze_v that_o the_o other_o be_v less_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n do_v when_o make_v use_v of_o in_o weather-glass_n though_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o latter_a be_v much_o more_o ready_o turn_v into_o ice_n beside_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v that_o all_o subtle_a and_o most_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v since_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v extreme_o hot_a yet_o will_v it_o be_v congeal_v by_o a_o much_o gentle_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n and_o will_v be_v long_o undissolved_a upon_o a_o thaw_v and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o penetrate_v and_o vehement_o agitate_a yet_o more_o subject_n to_o freeze_v than_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o allow_v that_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n i_o see_v not_o beside_o those_o more_o catholic_n agent_n which_o produce_v cold_a in_o most_o body_n they_o invade_v why_o one_o body_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o frigorifick_a in_o respect_n of_o this_o or_o that_o body_n and_o not_o of_o a_o three_o for_o quicksilver_n will_v be_v coagulate_v by_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n nor_o can_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a 〈…〉_o power_n to_o congeal_v it_o and_o from_o 〈…〉_o the_o jesuit_n relate_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n in_o peculiar_a region_n may_v receive_v such_o a_o disposition_n from_o the_o soil_n as_o to_o receive_v strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o produce_v there_o on_o humane_a body_n and_o though_o opium_n refrigerate_v not_o water_n as_o i_o have_v experience_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a weatherglass_n yet_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o present_o refrigerate_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v not_o only_o a_o argument_n that_o most_o liquor_n have_v peculiar_a texture_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o one_o body_n may_v be_v so_o convenient_o shape_v as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o to_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o their_o part_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o what_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o which_o mingle_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n well_o dephelgm_v will_v present_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o other_o liquor_n and_o i_o can_v make_v a_o liquor_n much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o water_n that_o receive_v a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o certain_a substance_n which_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n on_o water_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o we_o have_v further_a to_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o new_a thermometer_n thermometer_n consideration_n concern_v the_o new_a thermometer_n beside_o that_o the_o water_n and_o air_n may_v be_v both_o alternate_o condense_v without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n they_o have_v another_o advantage_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v in_o several_a place_n and_o remove_v without_o spill_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o or_o without_o danger_n of_o it_o be_v evaporate_v beside_o they_o may_v be_v safe_o let_v down_o into_o any_o liquor_n even_o the_o most_o corrosive_a it_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v
their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v that_o have_v immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n in_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o a_o lukewarm_a mixture_n the_o spirit_n rise_v up_o slow_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o subside_v not_o again_o much_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o good_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n 5_o hour_n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la in_o his_o theatrum_fw-la chymicum_fw-la vol._n 6._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v will_v swell_v considerable_o in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o subside_o at_o the_o new_a which_o observation_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o argument_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n make_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n undergo_v several_a change_n when_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n which_o other_o liquor_n abound_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o so_o that_o not_o unlikely_a if_o weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o different_a liquor_n be_v keep_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o will_v be_v some_o disparity_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o but_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o the_o respective_a liquor_n which_o though_o of_o different_a kind_n may_v receive_v the_o same_o colour_n from_o the_o same_o metal_n so_o copper_n give_v the_o know_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o give_v a_o lovely_a blue_n to_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o shall_v ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o it_o will_v give_v a_o good_a tincture_n to_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o show_v that_o even_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o weather-glass_n may_v be_v work_v upon_o and_o influence_v by_o external_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o one_o that_o lie_v by_o i_o some_o time_n emergent_a bubble_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v only_o make_v up_o of_o unite_a bubble_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o liquor_n or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wine_n dispose_v to_o elasticity_n by_o frequent_a alteration_n i_o examine_v not_o but_o sometime_o they_o have_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o possess_v many_o inch_n of_o space_n in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n which_o bubble_n if_o they_o be_v small_a and_o lurk_v about_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o of_o the_o cylinder_n may_v by_o divide_v the_o spirit_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o that_o in_o the_o ball_n hinder_v it_o from_o rise_v according_a to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o wether_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v more_o dicffiult_o remove_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o spirit_n itself_o in_o favour_n of_o which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o water_n will_v pass_v through_o a_o narrow_a space_n than_o air_n except_o the_o latter_a be_v force_v but_o to_o draw_v near_o to_o a_o conclusion_n though_o i_o have_v mention_v all_o these_o difficulty_n about_o seal_a glass_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o do_v it_o with_o a_o design_n to_o set_v man_n upon_o great_a nicety_n than_o be_v necessary_a but_o rather_o to_o excite_v we_o to_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n as_o many_o collateral_a experiment_n and_o observation_n beside_o those_o make_v by_o our_o sensory_n on_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o factitious_a body_n in_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o we_o can_v for_o though_o water_n be_v think_v to_o be_v most_o susceptible_a of_o such_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o destroy_v fluidity_n yet_o beside_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n i_o have_v distil_v a_o substance_n from_o benzoin_n which_o become_v fluid_a and_o consistent_a upon_o much_o slight_a alteration_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a than_o will_v freeze_v water_n or_o thaw_v it_o and_o i_o have_v observe_v likewise_o that_o amber-grease_n dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n than_o on_o our_o british_a coast_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a and_o thick_a in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v poise_v a_o bubble_n so_o exact_o with_o water_n in_o it_o that_o though_o it_o will_v swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n at_o night_n yet_o in_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n have_v rarify_v the_o water_n it_o swim_v in_o it_o will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o be_v so_o exact_o of_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n with_o and_o so_o equal_o poise_v in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o will_v neither_o subside_v nor_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n but_o move_v up_o and_o down_o till_o the_o water_n be_v either_o more_o rarify_v or_o further_o condense_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n it_o appear_v one_a that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a predisposition_n in_o body_n the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold._n 2_o though_o weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o few_o alteration_n than_o our_o sense_n yet_o they_o may_v misinform_v we_o except_o we_o at_o the_o same_o time_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n by_o other_o instrument_n 3_o our_o seal_a weather-glass_n be_v high_o preferable_a before_o common_a one_o four_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v man_n easy_o deter_v from_o make_v experiment_n about_o estimate_v cold_a because_o they_o may_v seem_v disagreeable_a to_o vulgar_a notion_n since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o theory_n we_o have_v be_v not_o only_o very_o imperfect_a but_o ill_o ground_v chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o ascent_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n concern_v the_o reason_n why_o water_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n descend_v upon_o heat_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o cold_a there_o be_v three_o opinion_n which_o may_v deserve_v our_o consideration_n examine_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o school_n concern_v the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n examine_v the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o school_n and_o common_a peripatetic_n which_o teach_v that_o the_o external_a air_n condense_v that_o include_v in_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o rise_v to_o fill_v up_o that_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o air_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o prove_v that_o nature_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o notion_n a_o naturalist_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o matter_n to_o suppose_v it_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o its_o own_o natural_a tendency_n for_o a_o public_a good_a i_o say_v not_o to_o urge_v these_o argument_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o i_o
again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v suspend_v there_o betray_v very_o slight_a change_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air._n watch_v therefore_o when_o the_o air_n within_o have_v raise_v the_o bubble_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o immediate_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o bubble_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o if_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o bubble_n of_o water_n will_v be_v sometime_o depress_v so_o low_o as_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o what_o be_v further_o remarkable_a be_v that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v descend_v if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o water_n will_v immediate_o stop_v at_o the_o place_n it_o rest_v at_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o where_o it_o will_v continue_v till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a again_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v be_v further_o depress_v as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o overpower_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o internal_a air._n have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o fig._n 7._o plate_n 1._o represent_v and_o convey_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o both_o the_o leg_n 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o we_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bend_a stem_n leave_v so_o much_o air_n above_o it_o as_o we_o think_v convenient_a which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o ball_n of_o it_o in_o a_o frame_n in_o which_o the_o tube_n hang_v down_o we_o can_v cover_v the_o round_a ball_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o so_o far_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v raise_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n high_o than_o before_o and_o depress_v as_o much_o in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o
spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o â—_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o water_n again_o it_o ascend_v to_o the_o same_o height_n the_o water_n have_v before_o depress_v it_o to_o for_o a_o further_a trial_n how_o much_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a we_o take_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n and_o have_v weigh_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n it_o be_v one_o ounce_n one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a we_o pour_v on_o it_o so_o much_o of_o the_o turpentine_n as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o two_o ounce_n seven_o dram_fw-la and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a which_o reach_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n with_o a_o diamond_n after_o which_o we_o pour_v a_o dram_n more_o in_o and_o successive_o more_o still_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o parcel_n which_o be_v weigh_v exact_o wrought_v in_o the_o stem_n till_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v the_o former_a to_o three_o ounce_n one_o dram_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o take_v a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n with_o water_n in_o it_o we_o immerge_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o water_n as_o before_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v contain_v be_v first_o encompass_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v we_o mark_v the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o oil_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o subside_v and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o it_o have_v subside_v as_o low_a as_o it_o can_v we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n and_o then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o air_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n and_o then_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n out_o into_o another_o glass_n careful_o poise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n remain_v at_o the_o mark_n which_o it_o subside_v to_o in_o the_o water_n and_o we_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n pour_v off_o weigh_v about_o 10_o grain_n and_o so_o much_o more_o be_v pour_v off_o as_o make_v it_o stand_v at_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n depress_v it_o it_o weigh_v about_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v artificial_o condense_v so_o far_o that_o it_o subside_v as_o much_o after_o it_o have_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a strong_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n as_o it_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o and_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o oil_n by_o the_o number_n of_o grain_n who_o bulk_n it_o seem_v to_o lose_v by_o subside_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o a_o 94th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o by_o divide_v it_o by_o the_o additional_a number_n of_o the_o grain_n more_o we_o find_v that_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n have_v condense_v it_o a_o 47th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n have_v circumscribe_v water_n moderate_o cold_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n what_o it_o shrink_v be_v if_o not_o insensible_a inconsiderable_a to_o measure_v the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o when_o extreme_o cold_a we_o weigh_v a_o glass-bubble_n in_o it_o which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n moderate_o cool_a and_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o that_o medium_fw-la we_o find_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n cool_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o new_a decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o that_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o density_n acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o gold_n and_o by_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n in_o the_o same_o water_n in_o hot_a wether_n we_o learned_a further_n how_o much_o more_o dense_a and_o heavy_a water_n moderate_o cold_a and_o extreme_o cold_a be_v than_o warm_a water_n it_o will_v be_v of_o use_n to_o try_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o in_o italy_n where_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o keep_v snow_n and_o of_o freeze_a warm_a water_n speedy_o a_o glass-bubble_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v 150_o grain_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n on_o a_o day_n not_o frosty_a it_o weigh_v 29_o â—_o 8_o and_o be_v weigh_v in_o water_n which_o be_v a_o little_a freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v not_o above_o â…›_n part_v of_o a_o grain_n light_a than_o before_o so_o that_o the_o water_n by_o condensation_n lose_v not_o above_o a_o 230th_o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v thereby_o learn_v to_o know_v by_o find_v the_o density_n of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a place_n what_o load_v to_o carry_v in_o their_o ship_n and_o what_o the_o water_n will_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v i_o shall_v leave_v other_o to_o judge_n but_o if_o such_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o several_a part_n our_o seal_v weather-glass_n or_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n may_v be_v of_o use_n since_o they_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n and_o since_o they_o may_v be_v convenient_o carry_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o various_a region_n may_v be_v better_o estimate_v a_o register_n be_v keep_v of_o the_o degree_n the_o liquor_n or_o pendulous_a drop_n stand_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v and_o where_o and_o when_o expose_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n with_o the_o thermometer_n in_o which_o the_o pendulous_a water_n be_v contain_v the_o stem_n may_v for_o conveniency_n be_v hold_v either_o horizontal_a upward_o or_o perpendicular_a title_n v._o experiment_n concern_v the_o tendency_n of_o cold_a upward_o or_o downward_o vigorous_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o that_o heat_n general_o act_v most_o powererful_o on_o body_n above_o it_o and_o that_o its_o tendency_n be_v upward_o be_v self-evident_a but_o to_o discover_v in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o and_o further_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o glass-bubble_n with_o water_n in_o it_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n be_v suspend_v within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n over_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o freeze_v not_o a_o bottle_n which_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v hold_v under_o water_n it_o be_v case_v with_o ice_n especial_o about_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a seem_v chief_o to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v
to_o be_v want_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o sweeden_n and_o denmark_n the_o cold_a will_v preserve_v body_n a_o long_a time_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o bartholinus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o several_a dead_a body_n p._n 83._o de_fw-la usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la which_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o battle_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v freeze_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o continue_v so_o without_o be_v corrupt_v as_o long_o as_o the_o winter_n last_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o p._n 76._o of_o a_o man_n who_o they_o find_v freeze_v in_o the_o ice_n six_o week_n after_o he_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o frost_n have_v wrought_v on_o his_o body_n be_v that_o his_o flesh_n will_v move_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o his_o bone_n like_o a_o glove_n upon_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 12._o further_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o greenland_n that_o the_o frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n 30_o year_n but_o though_o freeze_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n for_o the_o time_n yet_o when_o they_o thaw_v they_o present_o discover_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o be_v impair_v and_o vitiate_v all_o that_o while_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a for_o have_v freeze_v a_o ox-eye_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o be_v so_o transparent_a before_o be_v freeze_v lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n and_o become_v white_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o that_o though_o cheese_n which_o be_v thaw_v in_o water_n be_v better_a than_o those_o that_o be_v otherwise_o free_v from_o the_o ice_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o in_o some_o measure_n impair_v by_o the_o frost_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2_o p._n 493._o tell_v we_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n their_o strong_a beer_n be_v freeze_v be_v whole_o vitiate_v and_o without_o strength_n or_o taste_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o strong_a alicant_n wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o spirit_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n that_o beef_n have_v be_v freeze_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o yield_v broth_n little_o better_o than_o water_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o body_n much_o hard_a than_o any_o yet_o mention_v may_v be_v work_v upon_o by_o cold_a not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o bone_n and_o even_o steel_v itself_o be_v much_o more_o subject_a to_o break_v in_o frosty_a wether_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o it_o be_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n further_o observable_a that_o capt._n james_n relate_v that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o wood_n must_v be_v thaw_v before_o the_o carpenter_n be_v able_a to_o work_v it_o and_o i_o be_o further_a inform_v that_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o house_n in_o moscow_n will_v not_o only_o crack_v in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o brick-house_n in_o the_o west-indies_n decay_n much_o soon_o than_o here_o in_o england_n and_o it_o have_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o marble_n themselves_o have_v not_o only_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o that_o brass-instrument_n and_o even_o iron-hoops_n have_v be_v crack_v by_o extreme_a cold_n as_o olaus_n wormius_n and_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n witness_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o iron-hoops_n rather_o depend_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o barrel_n than_o immediate_o on_o the_o iron-bar_n themselves_o and_o that_o they_o be_v break_v by_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o liquor_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o vi_o title_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v before_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o those_o that_o have_v their_o nose_n or_o cheek_n freeze_v do_v rub_v they_o with_o snow_n before_o they_o go_v into_o the_o stove_n they_o sometime_o drop_v off_o and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o moderate_o weak_a wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v will_v lose_v both_o its_o colour_n and_o taste_v he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o body_n there_o will_v keep_v all_o the_o frosty_a wether_n uncorrupt_a and_o that_o venison_n and_o beef_n and_o other_o flesh_n will_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n by_o frost_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thaw_v leisurely_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v roast_v it_o will_v be_v much_o impair_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o young_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o over_o be_v recover_v by_o be_v first_o rub_v with_o snow_n before_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v use_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o vi_o title_n fish_n take_v from_o under_o the_o ice_n in_o lake_n and_o pond_n which_o be_v freeze_v over_o and_o pack_v up_o will_v be_v preserve_v a_o month_n without_o be_v salt_v or_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n they_o will_v be_v freeze_v immediate_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o the_o same_o person_n who_o tell_v i_o these_o thing_n that_o though_o flesh-meat_n freeze_v be_v better_a when_o thaw_v leisurely_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o by_o the_o fire_n yet_o it_o acquire_v not_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o in_o lapland_n when_o any_o part_n be_v freeze_v they_o toast_v cheese_n make_v of_o deer_n milk_n and_o anoint_v the_o affect_a part_n with_o the_o cows-body_n i_o have_v some_o cheshire-cheese_n freeze_v myself_o one_o of_o which_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n gather_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o there_o be_v white_a bear_n in_o green-land_n which_o have_v so_o excellent_a a_o scent_n that_o when_o the_o carcase_n of_o a_o whale_n be_v leave_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n they_o will_v raise_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n and_o with_o their_o two_o paw_n will_v fan_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n and_o snuff_v it_o in_o at_o their_o snout_n and_o then_o throw_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n will_v swim_v towards_o the_o dead_a carcase_n the_o fat_a of_o some_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v a_o hogshead_n of_o oil_n in_o moscow_n a_o hogshead_n of_o malaga-sack_n be_v freeze_v a_o spirituous_a liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o it_o strong_a than_o the_o sack_n itself_o but_o the_o liquor_n leave_v behind_o it_o be_v a_o strengthless_a phlegm_n a_o barrel_n of_o beer_n be_v freeze_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o green-land_n the_o spirituous_a part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o moscow_n betwixt_o russia_n and_o poland_n be_v sometime_o so_o freeze_v by_o the_o time_n they_o come_v there_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o break_v the_o cask_n and_o to_o transport_v it_o in_o jar_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o thaw_v it_o they_o put_v it_o into_o another_o hogshead_n and_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o ice_n or_o snow_n it_o thaw_v leisurely_o there_o without_o be_v so_o much_o impair_v as_o if_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n or_o by_o the_o fire_n title_n vii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a liquor_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o other_o freeze_a liquor_n though_o it_o have_v be_v general_o allow_v that_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a yet_o from_o what_o i_o shall_v offer_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o ice_n be_v not_o water_n condense_v but_o rarify_v for_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o water_n expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o a_o bolt-head_n will_v if_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n incline_v it_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o be_v expanded_a so_o as_o to_o rise_v considerable_o high_o in_o the_o stem_n but_o when_o that_o ice_n be_v thaw_v again_o will_v subside_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v water_n in_o a_o cylinder_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v stop_v up_o with_o wax_n the_o cylinder_n be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n freeze_v it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o it_o force_v the_o wax_n out_o of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o form_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n much_o long_a than_o the_o cylinder_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n by_o cold_a rather_o depend_v on_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v liquor_n than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v that_o effect_n as_o some_o modern_n teach_v or_o that_o the_o internal_a liquor_n be_v
the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o though_o it_o have_v part_v with_o so_o many_o bubble_n x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o it_o be_v force_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o contain_v air_n into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o xi_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o do_v before_o xii_o the_o oil_n be_v throw_v out_o and_o so_o much_o water_n put_v into_o the_o stem_n as_o raise_v the_o surface_n as_o high_a as_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o glaciation_n the_o glass_n weigh_v 4374_o grain_n when_o fill_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n it_o weigh_v 4152_o and_o when_o empty_a 1032_o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o
of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expanâ—…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 1._o have_v fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v about_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v raise_v about_o 7_o inch_n and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o by_o a_o fresh_a application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n possess_v about_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o of_o what_o it_o do_v before_o whereupon_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o seal_a end_n open_v the_o air_n which_o when_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o ice_n and_o separate_v the_o unfrozen_a water_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o it_o powerful_o expand_v itself_o force_v out_o about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n with_o violence_n and_o noise_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o top._n n._n b._n when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v beyond_o seven_o inch_n we_o several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o glass_n just_a above_o the_o water_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v full_a of_o little_a drop_n of_o dew_n which_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o disappear_v 2._o a_o vial_n who_o neck_n be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n be_v fill_v till_o it_o wrought_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o pipe_n in_o a_o little_a time_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o compress_v the_o head_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o and_o the_o same_o happen_v to_o a_o round_a white_a glass_n who_o stem_n fill_v with_o air_n be_v about_o 3_o inch_n nor_o be_v the_o success_n otherwise_o when_o we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o a_o large_a single_a vial_n who_o stem_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o its_o basis_n a_o inch_n broad_a 3._o a_o oval_a 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its_o duration_n the_o texâ—â—â—…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dâ—â—â—…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o ground_n freeze_v ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 86._o say_v that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xiii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o lee-ward_n of_o great_a bank_n of_o ice_n they_o may_v discover_v they_o by_o the_o access_n of_o cold_a twenty_o league_n title_n fourteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o different_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v diffuse_v of_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v in_o try_v these_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o medium_n be_v not_o to_o be_v too_o thick_a since_o from_o experiment_n already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o compact_n medium_fw-la very_o thick_o will_v not_o give_v way_n to_o cold._n 1._o have_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o a_o pipkin_n and_o another_o in_o a_o white_a basin_n glaze_v within_o and_o without_o 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think_v strange_a that_o water_n in_o england_n shall_v without_o any_o artificial_a mean_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n yet_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o in_o russia_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v much_o hard_a than_o we_o 2._o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o ice_n we_o think_v to_o have_v try_v what_o weight_n cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o different_a diameter_n will_v bear_v but_o be_v frustrate_v in_o such_o trial_n we_o try_v how_o much_o weight_n a_o plate_n of_o it_o place_v betwixt_o two_o iron-bar_n will_v bear_v but_o have_v not_o convenient_a weight_n we_o be_v force_v to_o be_v content_a to_o know_v that_o it_o bear_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o can_v suppose_v it_o capable_a of_o 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n 3_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o about_o 4_o of_o a_o inch_n thick_o be_v lay_v across_o a_o frame_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n of_o this_o figure_n 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and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v only_o urge_v that_o it_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o can_v have_v more_o easy_o agree_v with_o they_o since_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o weigat_n the_o sea_n be_v freeze_v but_o not_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n for_o the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v but_o only_o near_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v much_o cold_o than_o in_o the_o ocean_n frigidum_fw-la water_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 5._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n that_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o in_o all_o water_n that_o be_v freeze_v by_o cold_a we_o always_o see_v they_o begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a which_o argue_v the_o air_n cold_o than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o congeal_v it_o whereas_o if_o water_n be_v the_o cold_a body_n it_o ought_v always_o natural_o to_o be_v freeze_v or_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v rather_o in_o the_o middle_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o rather_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n than_o in_o gulf_n strait_n and_o small_a river_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o vast_a heap_n of_o ice_n that_o float_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o penetration_n of_o cold_a to_o that_o depth_n they_o sometime_o sink_v to_o but_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o small_a river_n and_o cement_v together_o depress_v each_o other_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n upon_o which_o the_o fall_a snow_n gradual_o increase_v their_o bulk_n 6._o but_o though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o take_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v it_o indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o except_v where_o some_o adventitious_a cause_n concur_v the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a by_o it_o we_o must_v adjudge_v it_o cold._a and_o though_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a yet_o all_o divers_a unanimous_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o at_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o few_o fathom_n beside_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o warm_a region_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a at_o land_n than_o sea_n and_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o cool_a but_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v there_o they_o do_v find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n though_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v often_o freeze_v frigidum_fw-la air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 7._o by_o the_o stoic_n and_o many_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o air_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o hot_a and_o likewise_o that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o
nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o produce_v experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o former_a a_o seal_a weatherglass_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o subside_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n but_o rise_v again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o which_o effect_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n when_o the_o external_n be_v draw_v out_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n hot_a body_n external_o apply_v affect_v not_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o they_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v sensible_o 3._o to_o measure_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o we_o enclose_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n hermetical_o seal_v which_o when_o it_o be_v artificial_o or_o natural_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n break_v open_a we_o can_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o water_n it_o receive_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v above_o a_o 30_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n a_o glass-egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o condense_v in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o jan._n 29_o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057_o space_n be_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n contract_v to_o 1965_o space_n so_o that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n we_o can_v observe_v be_v a_o 22_o part_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o three_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v 4_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965_o space_n to_o 1860_o so_o that_o the_o artificial_a cold_a contract_v be_v more_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o contraction_n which_o the_o natural_a cold_a produce_v than_o that_o condensation_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o natural_a temper_n or_o rather_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n 4._o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o observation_n cold_a may_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o snow_n in_o greenland_n all_o midsummer_n night_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o severe_a frost_n happen_v in_o the_o close_a of_o august_n and_o further_o capt._n weymouth_n say_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o sail_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n their_o very_a sail_n and_o tackle_n be_v freeze_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o english_a when_o they_o be_v sail_v to_o cherry-island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74_o and_o 75_o degree_n latitude_n in_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o close_v up_o that_o other_o vapour_n be_v repress_v and_o keep_v from_o rise_v and_o the_o air_n have_v be_v by_o several_a observe_v to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o clear_a in_o the_o winter_n here_o in_o england_n and_o sweedland_n and_o elsewhere_o than_o at_o other_o time_n 7._o the_o refraction_n of_o luminary_n in_o the_o northern_a air_n in_o nova_n zembla_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o dutchman_n observe_v the_o sun_n to_o appear_v to_o they_o 14_o day_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o charlton-island_n to_o vary_v 52_o minute_n and_o the_o sun_n to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o rise_v beside_o several_a instance_n of_o refraction_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o air._n 8._o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o relation_n and_o observation_n of_o navigator_n which_o we_o shall_v either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v
not_o freeze_v near_o so_o hard_a near_o the_o 79th_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o 73d_o and_o though_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v near_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o greenland_n yet_o the_o latter_a have_v grass_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v upon_o they_o whereas_o in_o nova_n zembla_n there_o be_v no_o grass_n and_o only_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v on_o flesh_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o line_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n and_o just_a enter_v into_o aries_n in_o march_n he_o feel_v himself_o very_o cold_a and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o burn_a zone_n in_o quitto_n and_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a at_o potofi_n very_o cold_a and_o in_o aethiopia_n brasile_a and_o the_o moluccoe_n very_o hot._n and_o he_o observe_v further_a that_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o it_o be_v 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degree_n of_o coldness_n but_o though_o it_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v refrigerate_v the_o air_n yet_o i_o believe_v not_o that_o all_o wind_n must_v necessary_o be_v cool_v so_o since_o the_o cold_a air_n near_o the_o pole_n swim_v upon_o that_o which_o fill_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v for_o want_v of_o a_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v so_o cold_a as_o to_o cool_v the_o air_n sudden_o when_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o we_o for_o acosta_n have_v observe_v upon_o mountain_n high_a than_o the_o alps_o that_o the_o air_n be_v extreme_o cold._a and_o the_o hollander_n who_o fail_v within_o 17_o degree_n of_o the_o pole_n observe_v that_o their_o cold_a wind_n be_v chief_o northerly_a and_o north-easter_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o to_o show_v that_o cold_a wind_n receive_v not_o so_o much_o their_o quality_n from_o the_o quarter_n from_o 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what_o have_v be_v say_v evince_n the_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v subject_a to_o vary_v in_o their_o temperature_n as_o the_o wether_n influence_n they_o yet_o subterraneal_a cavity_n than_o be_v very_o deep_o be_v neither_o hot_a or_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n or_o summer_n and_o though_o zucchius_n have_v undertake_v to_o measure_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o weather-glass_n yet_o since_o ordinary_a weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o it_o and_o since_o some_o place_n be_v full_a of_o subterraneal_a vapour_n than_o other_o and_o consequent_o the_o sudden_a ascent_n of_o exhalation_n may_v present_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o i_o think_v the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v by_o the_o
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 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sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n when_o suspend_v in_o water_n so_o that_o the_o external_n air_n can_v effect_v it_o and_o though_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n produce_v cold_a prosper_v alpinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la aegyptiorum_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o have_v find_v the_o wind_n in_o those_o torrid_a region_n insufferable_o hot_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wind_n near_o ormus_n have_v be_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o destroy_v a_o army_n of_o man_n at_o once_o and_o though_o some_o wind_n put_v into_o motion_n feel_v cold_a yet_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n and_o the_o deep_a penetration_n of_o that_o fluid_a into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o have_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o comparative_a coldness_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v it_o not_o at_o all_o except_o sometime_o by_o accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
water_n sever_v from_o it_o by_o ice_n nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a beside_o i_o think_v it_o altogether_o inconceivable_a how_o wind_n by_o take_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n shall_v cause_v the_o water_n within_o to_o freeze_v since_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n be_v a_o action_n much_o different_a from_o the_o put_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o a_o tremble_a motion_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o water_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o a_o strong_a wind_n against_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n though_o it_o will_v when_o enclose_v in_o liquor_n where_o no_o wind_n can_v come_v at_o it_o and_o those_o two_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o freeze_v themselves_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n give_v it_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o some_o well_n freeze_v not_o because_o the_o wind_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o blow_v strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o those_o well_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v when_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a wind_n blow_v will_v freeze_v though_o cover_v over_o and_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o cold_a winter_n whether_o the_o wind_n blow_n or_o not_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o lightness_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o bubble_n receive_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v freeze_a the_o contrary_a be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n will_v be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o bubble_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o free_a air._n postscript_n to_o conclude_v this_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v instead_o of_o some_o other_o experiment_n design_v for_o this_o treatise_n subjoin_v a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n viz._n take_v a_o piece_n of_o cork_n and_o have_v burn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o black_a coal_n and_o then_o have_v slack_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n it_o will_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o gum-water_n form_n a_o black_a ink_n which_o you_o may_v write_v what_o you_o please_v with_o which_o write_v if_o it_o be_v interline_v with_o a_o colourless_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n upon_o wet_v the_o paper_n with_o a_o sponge_n dip_v in_o a_o fluid_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o mix_v three_o part_n of_o quicklime_n and_o one_o of_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o digest_v they_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o sixteen_o part_n of_o water_n the_o invisible_a solution_n of_o minium_n will_v exhibit_v black_a letter_n and_o the_o other_o black_a one_o will_v disappear_v but_o whilst_o this_o fetid_v liquor_n be_v prepare_v it_o must_v be_v well_o shake_v several_a time_n that_o the_o quicklime_n and_o the_o powder_a orpiment_n may_v the_o better_a impregnate_n it_o and_o then_o the_o decant_v and_o filter_v liquor_n must_v be_v keep_v for_o use_v but_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n of_o make_v ink_n which_o i_o can_v be_v glad_a 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when_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a at_o the_o top_n the_o same_o succeed_v with_o water_n throw_v upon_o a_o table_n the_o cold_a water_n be_v first_o freeze_v a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n with_o a_o stem_n a_o foot_n long_o and_o half_o fill_v be_v exhaust_v of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it be_v almost_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o water_v expose_v in_o a_o open_a pan_n and_o appear_v white_a seem_v to_o consist_v pure_o of_o bubble_n water_n in_o which_o arsenic_n be_v eight_o month_n infuse_v congeal_a into_o a_o white_a ice_n soon_o than_o water_n and_o so_o do_v solution_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vitriol_n and_o soon_o than_o solution_n of_o other_o salt_n except_o alum_n which_o freeze_v into_o a_o ice_n white_a than_o milk_n and_o stick_v so_o fast_o to_o the_o pan_n that_o i_o can_v scarce_o separate_v it_o sandever_n present_o freeze_v but_o eris_n soon_o and_o kelp_n in_o less_o time_n than_o that_o all_o of_o they_o form_v white_a lump_n of_o ice_n salarmoniack_a frequent_o freeze_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o but_o once_o after_o they_o two_o dram_n of_o common_a salt_n dissolve_v in_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v in_o hard_a frost_n congeal_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n in_o about_o thirty_o hour_n stink_v sea-water_n full_a of_o salt_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o beer-glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o film_n of_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o ½_n a_o crown_n in_o twenty_o six_o hour_n when_o freeze_v it_o taste_v salt_n and_o smell_v stink_v but_o when_o thaw_v it_o have_v lose_v the_o fetor_n in_o four_o day_n more_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v but_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n taste_v sharp_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o same_o water_n in_o broad_a pan_n be_v quite_o freeze_v through_o in_o thirty_o six_o hour_n and_o soon_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n neither_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt-petre_n noâ—_n bay-salt_n nor_o salarmoniack_a be_v freeze_v in_o six_o day_n but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n freeze_v in_o a_o little_a more_o time_n than_o water_n and_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o tube_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n top_n and_o side_n all_o once_o whereas_o other_o liquor_n freeze_v uniform_o either_o at_o the_o top_n or_o bottom_n first_o salt-petre_n in_o a_o cold_a season_n be_v in_o twenty_o eight_o hour_n freeze_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n which_o be_v mistake_v for_o sal-prunel_a and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o that_o salt_n usual_o do_v a_o lixivium_n of_o it_o make_v with_o copperas_n or_o alum_n single_o or_o mix_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n or_o snow_n alone_o be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n salgem_n though_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o phlegm_n of_o vitriol_n freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o solution_n before_o mention_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v coagulate_v soon_o than_o any_o of_o the_o afore_o mention_v liquor_n except_o water_n a_o large_a tube_n be_v fill_v ¼_n with_o it_o and_o be_v freeze_v taste_v of_o a_o strong_a vitriolate_a taste_n the_o coagulate_v part_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n than_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v pour_v together_o in_o a_o bottle_n it_o become_v too_o hot_a to_o hold_v in_o one_o hand_n this_o coagulate_v part_v remain_v unthaw_v a_o week_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o another_o tube_n of_o the_o same_o oil_n be_v whole_o freeze_v it_o subsided_a ½_n a_o inch_n below_o its_o station_n to_o which_o it_o rise_v again_o upon_o a_o thaw_n but_o the_o other_o liquor_n rise_v upon_o congelation_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n but_o three_o part_n of_o ale_n continue_v unfreeze_v after_o six_o day_n hard_a frost_n but_o at_o four_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n taste_v much_o strong_a and_o brisk_a than_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n be_v less_o firm_a and_o full_a of_o bubble_n than_o common_a ice_n and_o be_v thaw_v be_v very_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a aleish_n taste_v a_o beer-glass_n of_o hull-ale_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o glass_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o half_o a_o crown_n and_o that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o yield_v another_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v these_o laminae_fw-la be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o taste_v but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o most_o tender_a this_o ale_n will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o which_o i_o expose_v before_o hull-ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o thirty_o five_o hour_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o soft_a ice_n which_o have_v the_o genuine_a
frost_n and_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o stone-building_n scale_v upon_o a_o thaw_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o north_n side_n of_o building_n first_o decay_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n that_o have_v chink_n in_o they_o usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n but_o solid_a marble_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v frost_n affect_v those_o stone_n or_o bituman_n which_o will_v bear_v a_o polish_v ice_n lay_v on_o a_o table_n and_o have_v salt_n strew_v upon_o it_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v without_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o salt_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o ice_n down_o to_o the_o board_n but_o if_o salt_n be_v strew_v betwixt_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o board_n it_o will_v not_o be_v freeze_v to_o it_o but_o thaw_v the_o follow_a salt_n cause_v not_o so_o firm_a a_o adhesion_n as_o common_a salt_n viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem_n prunel_n armon_n and_o pot-ash_n a_o nail_n hold_v betwixt_o my_o lip_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n a_o tincture_n of_o cochineel_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o another_o with_o a_o little_a sea-salt_n water_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o retain_v a_o equal_a colour_n in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o do_v a_o tincture_n of_o mades-weed_n and_o indigo_n a_o decoction_n of_o soot_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o concentration_n yet_o mr._n hook_n a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v observe_v the_o contrary_a effect_n egg_n and_o apples-froze_a differ_v not_o in_o weight_n nor_o do_v body_n weigh_v in_o seal_a glass_n frost_n render_v wood_n iron_n steel_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n more_o friable_a in_o frosty_a wether_n especial_o in_o those_o that_o be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o animal_n and_o fatten_v some_o it_o clear_v the_o air_n so_o that_o musty_a stone-bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v after_o a_o thaw_v be_v very_o sweet_a it_o likewise_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n so_o that_o in_o greenland_n nothing_o but_o glass_n grow_v as_o also_o in_o nova_n zembla_n ice_n the_o quality_n of_o ice_n as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v slippery_a smooth_a hard_a firm_a and_o strong_a diaphanous_a interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o whence_o proceed_v ray_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n i_o have_v see_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o thames_n eight_o inch_n thick_a and_o in_o garden-walks_a the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n thick_a but_o in_o rich_a soil_n it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n ice_n general_o swim_v but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n compress_v and_o moisten_v with_o water_n sink_v congeal_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n sink_v ice_n be_v cold_a than_o water_n and_o that_o quality_n be_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n or_o snow_n it_o have_v no_o smell_n but_o check_v that_o quality_n in_o other_o body_n it_o yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n promote_v freeze_v water_n fall_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n freeze_v and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n with_o sea-salt_n kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v promote_v freeze_v and_o if_o water_n be_v set_v upon_o such_o mixture_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n salt_n petre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o agitate_a in_o a_o cold_a season_n turn_v not_o the_o water_n into_o ice_n a_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n in_o a_o pan_n though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o the_o fire_n and_o thaw_v gradual_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v not_o water_n freeze_v in_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n in_o a_o cellar_n and_o likewise_o on_o sand_n and_o on_o the_o earthen_a floor_n they_o thaw_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o do_v egg_n and_o apple_n a_o syphon_n may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n through_o which_o water_n will_v run_v very_o fast_o another_o use_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n be_v for_o refraction_n of_o which_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v a_o learned_a demonstration_n have_v form_v ice_n into_o various_a figure_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o as_o those_o mention_v by_o dioptrick_n writer_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o by_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n behind_o it_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n deliver_v the_o follow_a proposition_n of_o it_o 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o the_o ray_n of_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_v and_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o globuli_fw-la by_o which_o they_o be_v reflect_v 3._o a_o cabbage_n putrify_v in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o snow_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v great_a housleek_n or_o american_n aloe_n destroy_v by_o cold_a in_o a_o upper_a room_n and_o sea-onion_n as_o well_o as_o common_a onion_n will_v be_v putrify_v by_o the_o cold._n 4._o snow_n yield_v vapour_n plentiful_o when_o melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n 5._o it_o melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n 6._o it_o contain_v a_o little_a earth_n in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a than_o old_a snow_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvygrass_n will_v grow_v under_o snow_n in_o garden_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v at_o a_o perfect_a stand_n the_o nutritious_a juice_n be_v congeal_v 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n whites_n of_o egg_n be_v beat_v into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n and_o this_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o trencher_n soon_o appear_v to_o be_v snow_n a_o pail_n be_v fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n hang_v over_o it_o the_o rise_a vapour_n stick_v to_o they_o form_v a_o hoar-frost_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v on_o the_o beard_n of_o man_n and_o the_o hair_n of_o other_o animal_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_n 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v flesh_n white_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o this_o bold_v in_o fish_n or_o flesh_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n this_o i_o can_v not_o discern_v 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v this_o 15._o a_o strong_a salt_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n it_o sometime_o fail_v the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v a_o spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o will_v freeze_v water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n weather-glass_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n and_o in_o part_n fill_v with_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o place_v one_o of_o they_o in_o a_o northwest_n window_n and_o the_o other_o in_o mr._n pullyn_n warehouse_n under_o st._n paul_n church_n in_o the_o warm_a place_n the_o spirit_n of_o both_o when_o they_o be_v settle_v on_o the_o fifteen_o of_o octob._n 62._o have_v the_o altitude_n of_o three_o inch_n and_o when_o that_o in_o my_o study-window_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n receive_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v two_o inch_n it_o subsided_a ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v the_o low_a station_n it_o subside_v to_o all_o winter_n and_o in_o april_n follow_v it_o rise_v not_o above_o the_o three_o inch_n it_o first_o stand_v at_o above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n though_o that_o in_o my_o study_n be_v raise_v four_o inch_n ¼_n in_o this_o cellar_n liquor_n that_o be_v freeze_v above_o ground_n will_v be_v thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o glass_n above_o ground_n subside_v into_o the_o ball_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cellar_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n in_o the_o cellar_n in_o january_n a_o pint-bottle_n of_o claret_n a_o glass-cane_n fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem._n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la in_o a_o night_n time_n be_v all_o freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o
chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o â—_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o â—_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o â—_o â…™_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o â—_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o â…›_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o â…_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o â…ž_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v
penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n
mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n which_o be_v so_o deep_a that_o the_o bladder_n be_v total_o immerse_v and_o yet_o not_o far_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n when_o by_o exhaust_v the_o air_n part_n of_o the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expand_v itself_o and_o take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o become_v so_o much_o more_o specifical_o light_a and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n which_o endeavour_v to_o buoy_v it_o up_o become_v respective_o great_a it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o suspend_v weight_n raise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v into_o its_o former_a dimension_n it_o subside_v again_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n
or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v high_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o bubble_n n._n b._n 1._o that_o the_o bubble_n not_o be_v all_o equal_o poise_v sometime_o one_o and_o sometime_o two_o will_v rise_v as_o the_o air_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o affect_v the_o light_a only_a or_o all_o 2._o the_o success_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v for_o when_o the_o subside_v depend_v on_o some_o occult_a cause_n they_o will_v continue_v there_o as_o if_o some_o airy_a part_n have_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o fit_a time_n for_o these_o experiment_n and_o in_o which_o they_o best_o succeed_v be_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o air_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o vary_v in_o its_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n fluid_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n will_v sustain_v he_o but_o his_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n depress_n it_o for_o which_o reason_n in_o some_o sea-water_n which_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o their_o body_n divers_a find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o dive_v however_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o one_o hundred_o fathom_n divers_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a pressure_n especial_o upon_o their_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o some_o of_o they_o rather_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v they_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o haste_n which_o they_o rise_v and_o sink_v in_o since_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a pressure_n when_o they_o sink_v leisurely_o and_o i_o be_v likewise_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o when_o he_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n the_o blood_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o his_o nose_n and_o eye_n and_o another_o who_o dive_v in_o a_o leathern-case_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o press_v against_o his_o thorax_n and_o belly_n that_o he_o be_v force_v sudden_o to_o come_v up_o again_o but_o since_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o pressure_n be_v no_o more_o sensible_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o strong_a texture_n of_o a_o human_a body_n and_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n as_o to_o the_o first_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o our_o body_n to_o external_a pressure_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n
incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a paradox_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o show_v air_n be_v not_o a_o body_n devoid_a of_o weight_n as_o some_o peripatetic_n suppose_v the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o glass_n bubble_n be_v blow_v who_o capacity_n be_v short_a of_o two_o cubical_a inch_n it_o be_v instant_o hermetical_o seal_v whilst_o hot_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v place_v in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o with_o a_o noise_n cause_v the_o bubble_n to_o preponderate_v half_a a_o grain_n though_o by_o break_v of_o the_o stem_n under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rarify_v air_n remain_v in_o the_o seal_a glass_n possess_v one_o four_o of_o its_o capacity_n another_o time_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v the_o air_n contain_v seem_v to_o weigh_v near_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v 905_o grain_n so_o that_o allow_v the_o air_n contain_v to_o take_v up_o one_o four_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v ¼_n probable_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v about_o a_o grain_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n weigh_v little_o more_o than_o nine_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o air._n paradox_n i._n paradox_n 1_o that_o in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a if_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 1._o a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n the_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v immerse_v which_o contain_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o that_o oil_n be_v suspend_v there_o by_o keep_v the_o upper_a orifice_n close_o after_o it_o have_v be_v suck_v up_o to_o a_o convenient_a height_n till_o the_o pipe_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o the_o water_n if_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o qui_fw-fr be_v immerse_v till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o oil_n x_o q_o press_v no_o more_o upon_o that_o imaginary_a surface_n than_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n than_o the_o oil_n will_v be_v suspend_v there_o and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n below_o it_o but_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v much_o above_o the_o water_n and_o it_o press_v more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n than_o the_o water_n without_o than_o it_o will_v make_v its_o way_n through_o that_o surface_n till_o the_o oil_n within_o and_o the_o water_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la again_o so_o that_o they_o both_o equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o surface_n d_o s_o and_o gradual_o on_o to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o for_o as_o the_o 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that_o the_o oil_n betwixt_o w_n ae_n and_o ae_n o_o be_v both_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n they_o may_v equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o with_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n x_o q_o will_v be_v something_o above_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v only_o immerse_v to_o the_o surface_n q._n since_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v long_o to_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n equal_o with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n no_o long_o than_o from_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o to_o g_o h._n and_o if_o a_o heavy_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o surface_n x_o must_v be_v more_o above_o l_o m_o than_o in_o water_n otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o press_v equal_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a surface_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n for_o if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n within_o be_v general_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_a three_o small_a pipe_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o these_o experiment_n because_o in_o large_a the_o emerge_v oil_n pass_v through_o the_o water_n obscure_v the_o light_n of_o what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v visible_a four_o we_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o liquor_n because_o clear_v and_o colourless_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o stain_v one_o clothes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o offensive_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v correct_v with_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n or_o any_o other_o odoriferous_a oil_n though_o any_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n five_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n may_v be_v tinge_v with_o copper_n to_o render_v the_o phaenomena_n within_o more_o visible_a for_o which_o reason_n we_o often_o employ_v a_o decoction_n of_o brasil_n instead_o of_o clear_a water_n or_o of_o log-wood_n or_o red_a ink_n itself_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la
so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o which_o press_v upon_o the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_n g_o h_n contribute_v to_o render_v the_o vessel_n more_o close_o and_o to_o obstruct_v its_o own_o passage_n whereupon_o we_o tie_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o string_n i_o k_o to_o a_o beam_n and_o put_v so_o many_o weight_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o from_o the_o rim_n g_o h._n and_o then_o deduct_v from_o that_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o false_a bottom_n and_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o broad_a cylindrical_a box_n b_o e_o c_o h._n g_o d_o f_o we_o find_v that_o the_o pressure_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o c_o d_o be_v much_o great_a than_o what_o read_v stevinus_n will_v make_v one_o expect_v and_o than_o all_o the_o water_n contain_v both_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o cylinder_n will_v have_v be_v have_v it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o uniform_a cylinder_n paradox_n vii_o paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_n increase_v this_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v represent_v by_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o five_o 5._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 5._o where_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n g_o f_o k_n and_o they_o sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o so_fw-mi that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n the_o imaginary_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n g_o will_v suspend_v it_o there_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v the_o oil_n become_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o so_o short_a a_o cylinder_n the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n will_n force_v it_o out_o of_o the_o orifice_n g_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v further_o immerse_v the_o water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o fill_v part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n below_o it_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v 6._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 6._o that_o have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n abcd_v represent_v by_o fig._n six_o plate_n the_o three_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n and_o bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n a_o hole_n to_o receive_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n and_o the_o other_o e_o f_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n g_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n likewise_o and_o then_o pour_v in_o water_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o till_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o be_v so_o nice_o poise_v that_o it_o swim_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o pour_v in_o more_o water_n the_o surface_n be_v raise_v to_o k_o the_o bubble_n x_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n e_o press_v upon_o the_o whole_a water_n within_o the_o glass_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o not_o only_o press_v upon_o that_o subjacent_a but_o likewise_o upon_o those_o part_n that_o be_v latteral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o even_o the_o cork_n that_o be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o be_v press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o and_o oblique_o too_o appear_v since_o if_o the_o orifice_n g_o be_v not_o close_o stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o it_o and_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n it_o be_v only_o stop_v with_o one_o thumb_n one_o may_v perceive_v a_o evident_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o it_o and_o that_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o bubble_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o appear_v since_o if_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v off_o by_o incline_v the_o vial_n it_o will_v praesenti_fw-la emerge_fw-la again_o and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n worthy_a our_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n a_o b._n c_o d_o be_v not_o whole_o fill_v but_o the_o space_n betwixt_o l_o m_o fill_v with_o air_n yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o different_a fluid_n may_v be_v so_o easy_o communicate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o the_o bubble_n will_v descend_v equal_o as_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n paradox_n viii_o paradox_n viii_o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n will_v be_v easy_o make_v out_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o if_o a_o glass_n syphon_n 7._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 7._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o three_o be_v fill_v from_o h_n to_o i_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o till_o the_o orifice_n a_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v under_o water_n if_o then_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v unstop_v and_o the_o whole_a tube_n e_o i_o f_o g_o h_n be_v depress_v gradual_o the_o incumbent_n water_n h_n k_o will_v press_v the_o oil_n out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n h_n g_o into_z the_o longer_z e_z f._n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o second_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v provide_v a_o pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8._o and_o suck_v so_o much_o oil_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v the_o space_n l_o m_o n_o p_o 〈◊〉_d see_v fig._n 〈◊〉_d i_o immerse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o upon_o the_o open_n the_o orifice_n o_o as_o the_o pipe_n be_v gradual_o depress_v the_o oil_n be_v press_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o to_o n_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o what_o height_n i_o please_v in_o the_o pipe_n o_o p_o n._n paradox_n ix_o paradox_n ix_o that_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_o than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o body_n light_a than_o water_n emerge_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o oil_n in_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o water_n below_o oil_n may_v be_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o try_v the_o result_n i_o suck_v a_o inch_n of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n suspend_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n i_o remove_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o oil_n and_o then_o open_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o it_o i_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v it_o so_o far_o in_o that_o till_o the_o water_n below_o the_o oil_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o water_n above_o it_o in_o which_o station_n the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n the_o oil_n q._n r._n be_v suspend_v betwixt_o the_o water_n s._n r._n and_o that_o below_o it_o p._n q._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n t._n s._n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d._n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o oil_n and_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o press_v equal_o on_o the_o surface_n g._n h._n with_o the_o external_a water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o as_o plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o represent_v paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphony_n paradox_n x_o and_o of_o flow_v through_o they_o may_v be_v explain_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o 2._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 2._o we_o provide_v a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b._n c_o d._n of_o a_o convenient_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o
but_o whether_o marcasite_n may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o graduate_a gold_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o be_v consider_v there_o be_v this_o advertisement_n which_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v and_o it_o be_v that_o though_o some_o be_v use_v to_o employ_v flux_n powder_n indiffent_o without_o understand_v the_o difference_n of_o they_o i_o have_v try_v that_o lead_v over_o be_v flux_v with_o file_n of_o mars_n afford_v a_o large_a quantity_n of_o metal_n than_o with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n fulminate_v together_o but_o one_o part_n of_o good_a native_a cinnabar_fw-la fine_o powder_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o with_o a_o different_a flux_n powder_n we_o obtain_v twice_o as_o much_o mercury_n from_o the_o former_a as_o we_o do_v from_o the_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o fix_a alkaly_n of_o a_o mineral_n nature_n some_o observation_n about_o native_a gold_n gold_n observation_n about_o 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which_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o air_n form_v body_n like_o moss_n and_o here_o and_o there_o small_a mushroom_n pretty_o colour_v and_o from_o other_o granate_n i_o obtain_v a_o tincture_n which_o after_o evaporation_n do_v in_o the_o cold_a afford_v saline_a concretion_n but_o so_o small_a that_o their_o figure_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v and_o probable_o be_v trial_n make_v other_o mineral_n concretes_n may_v be_v wrought_v on_o by_o appropriate_v menstruum_n for_o though_o the_o spar_v that_o be_v find_v in_o lead_n mine_n next_o the_o vein_n of_o ore_n be_v semidiaphanous_a and_o usual_o break_v in_o smooth_a and_o glassy_a superficies_n and_o look_n like_o a_o talc_n and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v up_o of_o figure_a particle_n shape_v like_o rhombuus_n or_o rhomboide_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o be_v a_o more_o open_a body_n than_o talk_v be_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o heat_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o 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thermae_n and_o acidulae_n reckon_v up_o by_o various_a author_n as_o also_o salt_n spring_n and_o those_o water_n of_o hungary_n and_o other_o part_n which_o yield_v a_o vitriol_n which_o be_v a_o substance_n compound_v and_o decompound_v contain_v a_o saline_n a_o sulphureous_a a_o metalline_a and_o a_o earthy_a part_n and_o if_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o impregnate_v with_o metalline_a part_n it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o apprehend_v how_o a_o lapidescent_n humour_n be_v sufficient_o mix_v with_o and_o proportion_v to_o it_o may_v be_v coagulate_v into_o stony_n stiriae_fw-la and_o from_o such_o like_a coalition_n may_v arise_v those_o precious_a stone_n and_o transparent_a gem_n for_o the_o virtue_n of_o specific_a juice_n be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v see_v vegetable_a substance_n sufficient_o harden_v by_o they_o to_o grave_n on_o iron_n and_o i_o have_v a_o substance_n which_o i_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o petrify_v gum_n which_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o grave_a 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with_o which_o they_o counterfeit_v diamond_n have_v be_v cause_v in_o a_o trice_n to_o emit_v copious_a and_o strong_o scent_v steam_n and_o even_o diamond_n the_o hard_a of_o gem_n may_v by_o rub_v be_v cause_v to_o emit_v electrical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o digestion_n of_o a_o man_n stomach_n be_v not_o able_a to_o extract_v the_o metalline_a part_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a congruity_n betwixt_o the_o juice_n of_o our_o body_n and_o the_o mineral_n substance_n with_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v than_o we_o be_v aware_a of_o beside_o we_o see_v that_o the_o stomach_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o chalybeate_a preparation_n and_o even_o crude_a steel_n itself_o and_o i_o have_v obtain_v a_o tincture_n from_o several_a hard_a body_n and_o even_a gem_n themselves_o by_o a_o liquor_n distil_v from_o a_o vegetable_a substance_n as_o temperate_o qualify_v as_o bread_n and_o that_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o our_o body_n 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saline_a nature_n
and_o specifical_o light_a than_o crystal_n and_o i_o shall_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o add_v that_o i_o have_v several_a time_n make_v body_n colourless_a like_o crystal_n and_o curious_o and_o regular_o figure_v which_o be_v of_o a_o compound_n nature_n and_o abound_v with_o a_o easy_o separable_a and_o strong_o scent_v sulphur_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o though_o when_o gem_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o crystal_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n mix_v with_o they_o yet_o sometime_o those_o mineral_n particle_n may_v be_v so_o spirituous_a as_o not_o to_o increase_v their_o specific_a gravity_n for_o i_o have_v see_v a_o ferruginous_a water_n which_o though_o strong_o impregnate_v be_v little_o heavy_a than_o common_a water_n and_o now_o if_o together_o with_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o this_o chapter_n we_o reflect_v on_o what_o follow_v concern_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o consistent_a solid_n and_o the_o 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the_o other_o and_o i_o have_v now_o by_o i_o a_o lump_n of_o petrified_a matter_n which_o consist_v of_o several_a stone_n which_o thou_o first_o petrify_v apart_o and_o afterward_o join_v together_o by_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n bear_v a_o uniform_a polish_v without_o discover_v betwixt_o their_o part_n the_o least_o commissure_v and_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o discover_v several_a loose_a stone_n where_o this_o be_v find_v which_o be_v separately_z of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o afterward_o harden_v into_o stony_a mass_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n and_o i_o have_v a_o agate_n by_o i_o which_o seem_v to_o consist_v of_o several_a layer_n of_o clay_n or_o earth_n lie_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o petrify_v partly_o into_o transparent_a and_o partly_o into_o opacous_a stone_n and_o to_o favour_v this_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v see_v several_a layer_n of_o mineral_n earth_n one_o upon_o another_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o lie_v in_o different_a posture_n in_o reference_n both_o to_o the_o horizon_n and_o each_o other_o and_o sometime_o the_o exterior_a one_o successive_o surround_v the_o interior_a and_o several_a of_o these_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o small_a compass_n of_o ground_n and_o by_o a_o like_a method_n different_o colour_v chalcedonian_o and_o jasper_n may_v be_v account_v for_o and_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o marchasite_n and_o flint_n wood_n and_o shell_n have_v be_v find_v enclose_v in_o other_o hard_a stone_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v partly_o diaphanous_a and_o partly_o opacous_a be_v calcine_v the_o diaphanous_a part_n become_v white_a and_o some_o other_o which_o be_v before_o tinge_v have_v their_o part_n heighten_v so_o as_o after_o calcination_n to_o be_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o permanent_a red_a and_o this_o difference_n of_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o remarkable_a in_o the_o thin_a layer_n but_o in_o the_o speck_n and_o irregular_o shape_v cloud_n whether_o greenish_a or_o bluish_a and_o to_o illustrate_v a_o observation_n former_o make_v on_o diamond_n bed_v one_o within_o another_o i_o shall_v urge_v what_o be_v observe_v in_o cryftalize_a salt_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o a_o metalline_a solution_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o number_n of_o crystal_n have_v shoot_v after_o the_o first_o evaporation_n several_a successive_a layer_n shoot_v upon_o those_o in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o solution_n the_o crystal_n of_o one_o layer_n be_v not_o only_o fasten_v to_o the_o other_o but_o differ_v considerable_o as_o well_o in_o their_o shape_n as_o posture_n in_o this_o metalline_a solution_n the_o mineral_n be_v only_o one_o and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la simple_n but_o have_v the_o first_o be_v compound_v there_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a diversity_n as_o likewise_o crystal_n of_o a_o compound_n nature_n as_o when_o a_o solution_n of_o 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scarce_o discernible_a if_o at_o all_o as_o in_o lodestone_n ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n those_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o make_v their_o consumption_n discernible_a in_o which_o time_n we_o be_v not_o sure_a but_o the_o weight_n themselves_o may_v have_v lose_v of_o their_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o the_o counterpoise_n and_o consequent_o not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v the_o loss_n those_o sustain_v but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o statical_a way_n of_o try_v whether_o body_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la or_o not_o and_o there_o be_v several_a peculiar_a way_n requisite_a to_o cause_v they_o to_o emit_v they_o as_o glass_n etc._n etc._n affect_v the_o nostril_n upon_o a_o attrition_n i_o have_v a_o diamond_n as_o well_o as_o a_o ruby_n which_o will_v be_v excite_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n in_o my_o pocket_n or_o only_o by_o stroke_v my_o finger_n over_o the_o former_a though_o sometime_o they_o will_v fail_v to_o be_v so_o easy_o or_o uniform_o excite_v and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o upon_o the_o tread_v of_o a_o hare_n or_o partridge_n effluvia_fw-la shall_v be_v so_o long_o emit_v as_o to_o give_v a_o scent_n to_o dog_n several_a hour_n after_o and_o if_o loadstone_n and_o other_o body_n may_v have_v constant_a atmosphere_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v discover_v by_o particular_a body_n several_a other_o substance_n not_o yet_o take_v notice_n of_o may_v emit_v effluvia_fw-la which_o by_o peculiar_a method_n may_v be_v discover_v chap._n iu._n of_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o effluvium_n the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o effluvium_n will_v be_v most_o apt_o represent_v by_o consider_v i._o the_o strange_a extensibility_n of_o some_o body_n whilst_o their_o part_n remain_v tangible_a ii_o the_o multitude_n of_o visible_a corpuscle_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o matter_n iii_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pore_n at_o which_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o 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will_v have_v be_v divide_v to_o a_o indefinite_a number_n of_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o superficial_a area_n of_o so_o long_a a_o wire_n and_o i_o have_v know_v silk_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o worm_n which_o though_o it_o weigh_v but_o two_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a be_v 300_o yard_n long_o but_o to_o evince_v the_o great_a extensibility_n of_o matter_n we_o take_v six_o beat_v leave_n of_o gold_n the_o side_n of_o who_o square_n be_v 3_o inch_n and_o 2_o 8_o which_o number_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o decimal_n fraction_n viz._n 3125_o 100_o and_o multiply_v by_o itself_o afford_v 10â—5â—_n 10000_o for_o the_o area_n of_o each_o and_o this_o multiply_v by_o 6_o the_o number_n of_o the_o leave_v amount_n to_o 6313750_o 10000_o square_a inch_n for_o the_o area_n of_o the_o six_o leave_n of_o gold_n which_o weigh_v but_o 1_o gr._n ¼_n so_o that_o 4_o grain_n be_v extend_v to_o above_o 50_o square_a inch_n and_o if_o each_o of_o these_o inch_n 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in_o diameter_n the_o remote_a end_n be_v continue_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o and_o so_o far_o expanded_a that_o its_o diameter_n be_v four_o or_o five_o inch_n and_o by_o the_o help_n this_o pipe_n we_o be_v able_a though_o not_o act_o to_o measure_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o rarefy_v vapour_n to_o this_o instance_n i_o may_v add_v the_o prodigious_a expansion_n of_o some_o inflammable_a body_n when_o turn_v into_o actual_a flame_n as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v burn_v in_o a_o glass_n lamp_n so_o contrive_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v still_o circular_a the_o waste_n make_v in_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v very_o small_a though_o the_o physical_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n must_v needs_o be_v successive_o rarify_v and_o expanded_a and_o fly_v away_o in_o stream_n and_o if_o so_o little_a of_o this_o liquor_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v matter_n for_o flame_n so_o long_o the_o same_o bulk_n of_o a_o more_o compact_a body_n may_v easy_o 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that_o effect_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o be_v observe_v about_o the_o cease_n of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cayro_n in_o egypt_n but_o enough_o of_o that_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v here_o that_o i_o have_v make_v a_o stain_n upon_o a_o body_n by_o the_o invisible_a steam_n and_o effluvia_fw-la of_o another_o cold_a body_n i_o alter_v the_o colour_n of_o that_o stain_v by_o the_o invisible_a and_o cold_a steam_n of_o a_o three_o and_o to_o countenance_v my_o conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o meteor_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a citation_n from_o agricola_n who_o have_v mention_v out_o of_o ancient_a historian_n the_o rain_v of_o white_a and_o red_a liquor_n subjoin_v ut_fw-la autem_fw-la majorem_fw-la fidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la analium_fw-la monumentis_fw-la facit_fw-la res_fw-la res_fw-la illa_fw-la decantata_fw-la quae_fw-la 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matthiolus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o be_v poison_v only_o by_o put_v his_o hand_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mad_a dog_n without_o be_v bit_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o sennertus_n relate_v that_o a_o painter_n have_v open_v a_o box_n in_o which_o realgar_n have_v be_v contain_v the_o fume_n be_v snuss_v up_o his_o nostril_n present_o cause_v a_o giddiness_n in_o his_o head_n and_o faint_a fi_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o several_a have_v be_v purge_v by_o the_o smell_n of_o black_a hellebore_n and_o as_o sennertus_n witness_n by_o the_o odour_n of_o coloquintida_n and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n which_o purge_v when_o only_o external_o apply_v and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o approve_a writer_n that_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o wallnut-tree_n with_o the_o leave_n on_o it_o be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o head_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o bird_n will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o light_v upon_o those_o poisonous_a tree_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n call_v the_o manchinello-tree_n and_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o safe_a for_o man_n to_o eat_v of_o fruit_n find_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o bird_n have_v be_v peck_v at_o they_o before_o and_o nicolaus_n florentinus_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o draw_v into_o his_o nostril_n the_o smoke_n of_o a_o burn_a spider_n he_o be_v much_o disorder_v and_o fall_v into_o a_o faint_a fit_a and_o be_v much_o disorder_v about_o the_o heart_n his_o pulse_n be_v likewise_o weak_a though_o after_o he_o be_v cure_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o treacle_n diamosc_n and_o the_o powder_n of_o zedoary_a and_o i_o see_v a_o berry_n call_v maccu-buy_a in_o ireland_n which_o be_v pound_v in_o a_o mortar_n cause_v the_o head_n and_o face_n of_o one_o that_o stand_v hard_o by_o to_o swell_v enormous_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o amber_n musk_n civet_n etc._n etc._n will_v communicate_v a_o perfume_n to_o glove_n though_o at_o a_o distance_n off_o they_o and_o contagious_a distemper_n as_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o measles_n may_v not_o only_o be_v communicate_v by_o immediate_a contact_n but_o by_o steam_n which_o issue_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sick_a person_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v shut_v up_o a_o ounce_n of_o a_o volatile_a tincture_n of_o sulphur_n in_o a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v at_o least_o twice_o as_o much_o and_o have_v place_v a_o paper_n at_o some_o distance_n and_o unstop_v the_o vial_n the_o spread_a fume_n present_o cause_v what_o be_v write_v with_o invisible_a ink_n to_o become_v legible_a and_o so_o will_v several_a letter_n write_v with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n some_o of_o they_o be_v more_o and_o other_o less_o black_a according_a to_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o smoke_a liquor_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o when_o the_o paper_n thus_o write_v upon_o be_v hold_v over_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n though_o the_o letter_n be_v on_o the_o upper_a side_n yet_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o become_v legible_a and_o as_o in_o some_o case_n this_o smoke_a liquor_n with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n will_v produce_v a_o precipitate_v of_o a_o silver_n colour_n so_o in_o some_o of_o the_o colourless_a ink_n we_o find_v the_o like_a colour_n and_o i_o have_v perform_v the_o like_a with_o a_o couple_n of_o liquor_n wherein_o be_v neither_o sulphur_n nor_o sal-armoniac_a nor_o sublimate_n and_o as_o a_o far_a proof_n of_o the_o great_a penetrancy_n of_o effluvium_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v a_o paper_n which_o be_v write_v on_o with_o this_o invisible_a ink_n betwixt_o six_o fold_n of_o paper_n these_o fume_n penetrate_v it_o in_o ten_o minute_n and_o turn_v the_o ink_n black_a and_o another_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o ink_v paper_n be_v place_v betwixt_o the_o leave_n of_o a_o book_n the_o steam_v penetrate_v twelve_o in_o three_o minute_n and_o turn_v the_o ink_n blackish_a chap._n vii_o of_o the_o porousness_n of_o solid_a body_n solid_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o solid_n that_o even_o solid_a body_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o pore_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v because_o most_o solid_a body_n as_o gem_n etc._n etc._n have_v once_o be_v in_o fluid_a form_n and_o since_o fluid_n be_v general_o make_v up_o of_o particle_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n and_o shape_n they_o must_v needs_o leave_v some_o pore_n betwixt_o they_o another_o reason_n why_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v most_o body_n porous_a be_v their_o specific_a gravity_n which_o will_v not_o vary_v be_v the_o part_n of_o they_o equal_o compress_v and_o close_v together_o but_o since_o copper_n be_v heavy_a than_o iron_n and_o gold_n as_o nineteen_o to_o one_o to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o copper_n only_o as_o nine_o to_o one_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o iron_n possess_v as_o much_o space_n again_o as_o gold_n and_o more_o and_o though_o hardness_n be_v urge_v by_o some_o as_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o substance_n be_v condense_v yet_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o though_o diamond_n be_v the_o hard_a body_n they_o be_v far_o from_o be_v the_o heavy_a which_o be_v the_o only_a sign_n whether_o they_o be_v condense_v or_o not_o and_o since_o metal_n themselves_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o coalition_n of_o several_a part_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v so_o physical_o adapt_v as_o total_o implere_fw-la spatium_fw-la since_o be_v cube_n make_v of_o marble_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o every_o where_o to_o be_v contiguous_a since_o the_o body_n employ_v to_o polish_v they_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v little_a furrow_n upon_o they_o and_o consequent_o leave_v little_a
interval_n or_o pore_n and_o that_o wood_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n will_v appear_v since_o quicksilver_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o penetrate_v the_o side_n of_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a piece_n of_o wood_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o my_o pneumatical_a instrument_n the_o external_a press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o board_n which_o cover_v it_o that_o though_o it_o be_v of_o strong_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n yet_o it_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o smoke_v liquor_n tinge_v a_o copper_n halfpenny_n through_o a_o broad_a thin_a shave_n of_o deal_n though_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o sensible_a perforation_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v with_o two_o and_o a_o three_o with_o three_o shave_n they_o tinge_v the_o copper_n halfpenny_n though_o not_o in_o so_o little_a time_n nor_o quite_o so_o conspicuous_o and_o that_o bake_a clay_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n be_v evident_a since_o oil_n will_v soak_v through_o strong_a and_o well_o bake_v earthen_a vessel_n and_o so_o will_v solution_n of_o nitre_n and_o some_o other_o salt_n and_o very_o few_o except_o hassian_n crucibles_fw-fr will_v keep_v salt_n of_o tartar_n long_o in_o fusion_n without_o be_v penetrate_v by_o they_o and_o vitriol_n and_o salt-petre_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o weight_n when_o distil_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n the_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a part_n fly_v away_o through_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o those_o jugg_n that_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n harden_v sufficient_o to_o strike_v fire_n with_o a_o good_a stell_n have_v their_o pore_n pervade_v by_o the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o spirituous_a liquor_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o spirituous_a cider_n have_v sweat_n through_o the_o side_n of_o stone_n bottle_n which_o manifest_v itself_o by_o its_o taste_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o silver_n dissolve_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o horny_a substance_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o hassian_n crucible_n several_a particle_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o and_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o natural_a stone_n be_v porous_a i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o i_o have_v a_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n send_v from_o the_o west-indies_n through_o who_o pore_n water_n will_v sweat_v and_o if_o the_o transparency_n or_o opacity_n of_o body_n proceed_v from_o a_o rectitude_n or_o crookedness_n of_o pore_n which_o make_v they_o fit_a or_o unfit_a to_o transmit_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la will_v be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o stone_n since_o whilst_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o in_o the_o air_n it_o be_v opacous_a but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o while_n in_o the_o water_n it_o become_v transparent_a like_o amber_n but_o soon_o lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o and_o so_o paper_n wet_a with_o water_n become_v more_o transparent_a but_o lose_v of_o that_o transparency_n when_o dry_v again_o and_o to_o favour_v this_o explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la have_v be_v weigh_v after_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v heavy_a than_o before_o and_o since_o several_a stone_n as_o granate_n emeri_fw-la etc._n etc._n contain_v mineaal_n part_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v exact_o contiguous_a without_o leave_v some_o pore_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n all_o artificial_a gem_n make_v by_o fusion_n and_o tinge_v with_o heterogeneous_a pigment_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o pore_n and_o since_o natural_a gem_n be_v make_v up_o of_o stony_a ingredient_n and_o mineral_n part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o must_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v furnish_v with_o pore_n likewise_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v conclude_v in_o reference_n to_o all_o heterogeneous_a and_o compound_a substance_n as_o marcasite_n loadstone_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o white_a marble_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n may_v be_v argue_v not_o only_o from_o its_o easy_a solution_n by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n etc._n but_o from_o its_o aptness_n to_o be_v tinge_v with_o vapour_n that_o be_v not_o fret_v so_o that_o red_a and_o other_o colour_n may_v be_v soak_v into_o it_o as_o oil_n be_v into_o wood._n and_o have_v cement_v some_o clear_a fragment_n of_o native_a crystal_n with_o a_o composition_n of_o some_o volatile_a mineral_n together_o with_o a_o salt_n or_o two_o and_o have_v suffer_v the_o crucible_n to_o cool_v leisurely_o several_a of_o the_o fragment_n be_v stain_v here_o and_o there_o with_o different_a colour_n some_o more_o and_o other_o less_o dull_a but_o whether_o the_o tincture_n these_o piece_n of_o crystal_n receive_v proceed_v from_o some_o of_o the_o fine_a of_o the_o mineral_n part_n imbibe_v into_o the_o stone_n when_o flaw_v with_o too_o much_o haste_n and_o whether_o upon_o cool_v those_o flaw_n do_v not_o grow_v too_o close_o to_o be_v discernible_a to_o the_o eye_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o ruby_n when_o polish_v upon_o the_o wheel_n and_o very_o hot_a have_v seem_v full_a of_o crack_n which_o upon_o their_o cool_a whole_o disappear_v and_o that_o metal_n themselves_o be_v porous_a may_v be_v argue_v from_o their_o aptness_n to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o proper_a menstruum_n and_o especial_o by_o lay_v sulphur_n and_o thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n sss_n in_o a_o crucible_n upon_o which_o another_o be_v lute_v to_o keep_v the_o sulphur_n from_o take_v fire_n for_o have_v keep_v they_o thus_o about_o three_o hour_n in_o a_o heat_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o melt_v the_o sulphur_n but_o not_o the_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o cool_v we_o find_v that_o the_o sulphur_n have_v so_o penetrate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o copper_n as_o to_o turn_v most_o of_o it_o into_o a_o brittle_a substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v away_o with_o one_o finger_n be_v alter_v not_o only_o in_o texture_n but_o colour_n some_o be_v of_o a_o dirty_a dark_a colour_n other_o of_o a_o violet_n and_o many_o of_o the_o plate_n when_o they_o be_v break_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o plate_n and_o to_o have_v a_o manifest_a distance_n betwixt_o they_o and_o we_o can_v likewise_o discern_v the_o fiber_n of_o the_o metal_n extend_v themselves_o from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o copper_n plate_n to_o the_o other_o and_o that_o the_o sulphur_n penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o copper-plate_n may_v not_o only_o be_v discern_v by_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o bulk_n but_o a_o blue_a flame_n which_o will_v discover_v itself_o when_o they_o be_v lay_v upon_o quick_a coal_n and_o by_o a_o like_a experiment_n we_o find_v that_o the_o body_n of_o silver_n tin_n and_o lead_v may_v be_v penetrate_v and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o arsenic_n will_v penetrate_v thus_o into_o the_o body_n of_o metal_n and_o i_o know_v a_o pigment_n which_o tinge_v the_o body_n of_o copper_n so_o as_o to_o give_v it_o the_o colour_n of_o gold_n and_o perfume_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v long_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n but_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o have_v a_o watch_n who_o metalline_a case_n be_v rich_o perfume_v and_o i_o remember_v i_o make_v a_o substance_n much_o like_o gold_n which_o retain_v several_a mercurial_a particle_n in_o it_o and_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o ring_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o the_o eye_n of_o several_a person_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o granadine_a moor_n have_v a_o art_n of_o curious_o perfume_a the_o weapon_n they_o forge_v and_o the_o same_o nobleman_n who_o tell_v i_o this_o acquaint_v i_o that_o he_o have_v a_o fowling-piece_n who_o barrel_n be_v perfume_v but_o its_o smell_n be_v much_o faint_a after_o it_o have_v be_v scour_v and_o last_o to_o show_v that_o even_o common_a glass_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n i_o shall_v reduce_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v and_o comprise_v it_o under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n prop._n i._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o glass_n may_v be_v pierce_v into_o at_o some_o distance_n even_o by_o visible_a and_o tangible_a body_n and_o beside_o the_o argument_n already_o offer_v to_o evince_v the_o porosity_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o certain_a spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o glass_n in_o a_o cool_a place_n it_o corrode_v some_o part_n so_o much_o as_o
spirit_n xiii_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o the_o air._n fourteen_o of_o the_o hostility_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o acid_n whether_o in_o the_o form_n of_o liquor_n or_o fume_n xv._o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n external_o apply_v xvi_o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n internal_o give_v in_o pleurisy_n headache_n cough_n fever_n scurvy_n cachexy_n dropsy_n fit_v of_o the_o mother_n xvii_o paralipomena_fw-la and_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n title_n i._o whether_o human_a blood_n may_v be_v so_o order_v by_o fermentation_n or_o putrefaction_n as_o that_o in_o distillation_n a_o spirit_n either_o vrinous_a or_o vinous_a may_v ascend_v before_o the_o phlegm_n consider_v that_o fever_n have_v be_v look_v upon_o to_o proceed_v from_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o blood_n and_o likewise_o that_o human_a urine_n which_o have_v a_o great_a cognation_n with_o human_a blood_n will_v not_o whilst_o fresh_a afford_v a_o spirit_n till_o the_o phlegm_n be_v first_o draw_v off_o this_o subject_a of_o this_o title_n may_v not_o appear_v groundless_a but_o i_o be_o not_o much_o encourage_v to_o expect_v a_o vinous_a or_o ardent_a spirit_n from_o human_a blood_n nor_o be_o i_o sure_a there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o fermentation_n in_o human_n blood_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v once_o keep_v blood_n hermetical_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n for_o twelve_o month_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v open_v it_o smell_v so_o offensive_o that_o we_o can_v not_o make_v any_o trial_n upon_o it_o and_o another_o time_n have_v digest_v in_o a_o pretty_a large_a vial_n hermetical_o seal_v some_o sheep_n blood_n when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o good_a while_n in_o the_o digestive_a furnace_n it_o sudden_o break_v with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n and_o blow_v off_o the_o long_a neck_n of_o the_o vial._n and_o here_o to_o what_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o some_o ounce_n of_o serum_n of_o blood_n be_v add_v to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n stone_v and_o keep_v in_o a_o glass_n in_o a_o warm_a room_n for_o several_a day_n the_o event_n of_o this_o trial_n be_v that_o within_o in_o a_o few_o day_n the_o raisin_n begin_v to_o emerge_n and_o whilst_o they_o float_v yield_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o springy_a and_o permanent_a air_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o degree_n of_o fermentation_n but_o when_o this_o serum_n come_v to_o be_v distil_v though_o it_o do_v not_o stink_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v putrify_v yet_o the_o spirit_n which_o first_o ascend_v taste_v not_o like_o a-viscous_a spirit_n nor_o like_o a_o mere_a phlegm_n whether_o the_o fermentation_n observe_v in_o this_o liquor_n depend_v on_o the_o whole_a serum_n or_o only_o on_o the_o aqueous_a part_n distinct_a from_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o experience_n to_o determine_v to_o try_v whether_o digestion_n or_o putrefaction_n will_v so_o open_v the_o texture_n of_o blood_n as_o to_o make_v it_o part_n with_o its_o spirit_n more_o easy_o and_o before_o the_o phlegm_n i_o keep_v a_o quantity_n of_o serum_n for_o that_o purpose_n four_o time_n as_o long_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v urine_n part_n with_o its_o spirit_n before_o its_o phlegm_n but_o the_o liquor_n which_o come_v over_o by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n have_v but_o little_a strength_n either_o in_o smell_n or_o taste_n nor_o will_v it_o ready_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a yet_o like_o a_o volatile_a alkaly_n it_o will_v soon_o turn_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o fair_a water_n into_o a_o white_a opacous_a and_o almost_o milky_a liquor_n title_n ii_o whether_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v real_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o phlegm_n well_o commix_v for_o several_a reason_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v total_o compose_v of_o a_o volatile_a salt_n and_o a_o phlegm_n which_o be_v not_o so_o pure_a and_o elementary_a but_o that_o some_o particle_n of_o oil_n and_o other_o of_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o whether_o by_o frequent_a rectification_n this_o phlegm_n may_v be_v render_v homogeneous_a i_o much_o question_n since_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a but_o that_o in_o frequent_a distillation_n some_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n mny_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n associate_v with_o the_o liquor_n and_o even_o in_o the_o first_o distillation_n the_o fire_n unite_n with_o the_o liquor_n may_v form_v one_o different_a from_o the_o ingredient_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o body_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o wood_n afford_v by_o distillation_n a_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o a_o oil_n nor_o a_o acid_n or_o a_o alkaly_n and_o yet_o no_o true_a phlegm_n but_o a_o adiaphorous_a liquor_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v that_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o body_n may_v as_o well_o be_v make_v know_v by_o investigate_a the_o way_n of_o generate_a or_o produce_v it_o as_o by_o that_o of_o analyse_a or_o resolve_v it_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissolve_v as_o much_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n in_o distil_a water_n as_o the_o liquor_n will_v take_v up_o and_o then_o have_v distil_v it_o in_o a_o convenient_o shape_v vessel_n with_o a_o regulate_v degree_n of_o heat_n the_o distillation_n afford_v we_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o be_v desire_v since_o by_o smell_n and_o taste_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o good_a brisk_a spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n title_n iii_o of_o the_o species_n of_o saline_n body_n to_o which_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v though_o it_o be_v general_o allow_v that_o saline_n spirit_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v acid_n in_o taste_n as_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n vitriol_n etc._n etc._n other_o be_v rather_o like_o common_a or_o lixiviate_v salt_n and_o their_o different_a effect_n and_o operation_n be_v much_o less_o alike_o than_o their_o taste_n for_o upon_o their_o mixture_n there_o ensue_v a_o manifest_a conflict_n and_o usual_o one_o will_v precipitate_v the_o body_n the_o other_o will_v dissolve_v and_o among_o salt_n call_v alkaly_n some_o be_v fix_v in_o considerable_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o other_o who_o take_v acid_n and_o alkaly_n for_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o mix_a body_n call_v the_o one_o fix_v and_o the_o other_o volatile_a alkaly_n and_o though_o i_o who_o question_n this_o doctrine_n often_o call_v the_o salt_n make_v by_o combustion_n simple_o alkaly_n or_o lixiviate_v salt_n and_o those_o that_o ascend_v sometime_o vrinous_a and_o sometime_o volatile_a salt_n yet_o since_o the_o name_n of_o fix_a alkaly_n and_o volatile_a one_o be_v in_o request_n now_o i_o shall_v now_o make_v use_n of_o they_o in_o that_o sense_n these_o thing_n be_v premise_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o observe_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o some_o physician_n and_o chemist_n ascribe_v digestion_n to_o a_o acid_n ferment_n in_o the_o stomach_n yet_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v referrable_a to_o that_o classis_fw-la which_o many_o call_v volatile_a alkaly_n since_o it_o general_o perform_v what_o volatile_a alkaly_n be_v say_v to_o do_v for_o it_o will_v ferment_n with_o acid_n turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o common_a water_n be_v i_o sure_o that_o the_o ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v acid_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o blood_n retain_v something_o of_o acidity_n in_o it_o but_o yet_o that_o will_v not_o be_v a_o argument_n why_o i_o shall_v not_o refer_v the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n to_o the_o class_n of_o alkaly_n because_o so_o few_o acid_n particle_n will_v either_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o alkalizate_a one_o that_o be_v so_o abundant_a in_o the_o spirit_n or_o at_o least_o they_o will_v be_v so_o very_a much_o predominant_a as_o to_o give_v we_o reason_n on_o their_o account_n to_o denominate_v the_o mixture_n alkalious_a as_o if_o some_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v mix_v with_o stale_a urine_n they_o will_v be_v either_o deprive_v of_o their_o acidity_n by_o some_o particle_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n or_o be_v so_o overpower_v by_o the_o fugitive_n salt_n they_o abound_v with_o that_o the_o mixture_n may_v well_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o classis_fw-la of_o volatile_a urinous_a salt_n title_n iu._n whether_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v differ_v from_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o other_o salt_n call_v volatile_a alkaly_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v offer_v
we_o can_v ready_o precipitate_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n a_o substance_n which_o look_v like_o a_o white_a earth_n and_o such_o a_o substance_n i_o obtain_v in_o a_o far_o great_a quantity_n from_o that_o which_o the_o saltmaker_n call_v bittern_n which_o usual_o remain_v in_o their_o salt_n pan_n when_o they_o have_v take_v out_o about_o as_o much_o salt_n as_o will_v coagulate_v in_o figure_a grain_n this_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n do_v likewise_o precipitate_a a_o solution_n of_o dantzik_n vitriol_n in_o water_n but_o that_o solution_n be_v not_o a_o total_a one_o title_n xii_o of_o the_o affinity_n between_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o some_o chemical_a oil_n and_o vinous_a spirit_n that_o there_o be_v a_o affinity_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n appear_v since_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v that_o be_v put_v together_o they_o will_v concoagulate_v and_o continue_v unite_v a_o long_a time_n and_o though_o a_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o draw_v a_o tincture_n from_o blood_n yet_o spirit_n of_o blood_n will_n but_o as_o for_o lixiviate_v liquor_n such_o as_o be_v make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fix_v nitre_n etc._n etc._n we_o find_v not_o that_o they_o will_v strict_o associate_v with_o it_o spirit_n of_o blood_n ready_o mix_v with_o that_o adiaphorous_a spirit_n former_o mention_v but_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o blood_n mix_v by_o agitation_n with_o its_o oil_n will_v present_o separate_v again_o though_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v permanent_o unite_v though_o these_o two_o liquor_n belong_v to_o a_o different_a viz._n the_o one_o to_o the_o animal_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o vegetable_a kingdom_n with_o the_o essential_a oil_n of_o aromatic_a vegetable_n the_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n for_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o this_o liquor_n and_o of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n draw_v in_o a_o alembick_a per_fw-la vesicam_fw-la be_v shake_v together_o they_o make_v a_o soft_a or_o semifluid_a coagulation_n which_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n for_o a_o day_n or_o two_o and_o will_v probable_o have_v long_o do_v so_o if_o i_o have_v not_o have_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v further_o with_o it_o to_o show_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v either_o communicate_v some_o of_o its_o saline_a part_n to_o essential_a oil_n or_o work_v a_o change_n in_o they_o i_o digest_v a_o while_n in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n some_o recstify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n draw_v in_o a_o alembick_a and_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n grow_v colour_v of_o a_o high_a yellow_a and_o afterward_o attain_v a_o high_a redness_n which_o may_v afford_v we_o a_o hint_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o some_o change_n of_o colour_n that_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o body_n to_o take_v off_o the_o stink_a quality_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o to_o render_v it_o more_o grateful_a we_o mix_v with_o it_o in_o a_o glass_n about_o a_o equal_a quantity_n or_o half_a as_o much_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n and_o have_v shake_v they_o together_o in_o the_o glass_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o furnace_n with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o slight_a texture_n of_o the_o coagulum_fw-la be_v dissolve_v part_n of_o the_o oil_n appear_v float_v upon_o the_o top_n whence_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o tunnel_n the_o liquor_n be_v whitish_a and_o without_o a_o stink_a smell_n it_o smell_v and_o taste_v strong_a of_o aniseed_n though_o the_o saline_a particle_n retain_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o their_o brisk_a and_o penetrate_a taste_n another_o way_n i_o take_v to_o deprive_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n of_o its_o offensive_a smell_n be_v by_o employ_v a_o medium_fw-la to_o unite_v it_o with_o essential_a oil_n for_o have_v dissolve_v a_o eight_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o upon_o a_o convenient_a agitation_n we_o suffer_v the_o mixture_n to_o settle_v a_o considerable_a time_n after_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o oil_n swim_v in_o drop_n distinct_a from_o the_o other_o liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o two_o spirit_n impregnate_v with_o a_o few_o particle_n of_o oil_n which_o they_o have_v detain_v this_o liquor_n abound_v with_o little_a concretion_n make_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o sanguineous_a and_o vinous_a spirit_n which_o by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n be_v sublime_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o volatile_a salt_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o salt_n have_v not_o only_o a_o much_o less_o penetrate_a odour_n than_o the_o mere_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n but_o have_v quite_o lose_v its_o stink_n and_o yet_o retain_v a_o considerable_a quickness_n and_o something_o of_o the_o scent_n of_o aniseed_n and_o the_o remain_a liquor_n be_v likewise_o deprive_v of_o its_o ill_a smell_n and_o moderate_o imbue_v with_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n to_o try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o affinity_n between_o our_o spirit_n and_o the_o high_o rectify_a oil_n of_o petroleum_n i_o shake_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o they_o together_o in_o a_o new_a vial_n upon_o which_o they_o present_o turn_v into_o a_o white_a mixture_n and_o though_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oil_n swim_v above_o the_o spirit_n yet_o there_o appear_v betwixt_o the_o two_o liquor_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o whiteish_a matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o union_n of_o many_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o oil_n which_o be_v most_o dispose_v to_o combine_v title_n xiii_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o the_o air._n to_o try_v whether_o the_o air_n will_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n after_o distillation_n as_o it_o evident_o have_v on_o the_o blood_n before_o i_o spread_v thin_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a paper_n some_o small_a file_n of_o copper_n and_o wet_v they_o well_o without_o cover_v they_o quite_o over_o with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o blood_n by_o that_o mean_v they_o be_v well_o expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n the_o action_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v so_o much_o promote_v that_o within_o a_o minute_n or_o two_o it_o do_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a acquire_v a_o blueish_a colour_n and_o in_o few_o minute_n than_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v that_o colour_n be_v so_o heighten_v as_o to_o become_v ceruleous_a but_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o file_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n the_o intercourse_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exclude_v the_o liquor_n will_v not_o in_o some_o hour_n acquire_v so_o deep_a a_o colour_n have_v in_o a_o clear_a cylindrical_a vial_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n put_v more_o file_n of_o copper_n than_o be_v requisite_a to_o cover_v the_o bottom_n and_o pour_v so_o much_o spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o they_o as_o wrought_v about_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o they_o it_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n acquire_v a_o rich_a colour_n which_o after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o begin_v to_o grow_v more_o faint_a and_o afterward_o gradual_o decline_v till_o it_o be_v almost_o lose_v yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v not_o altogether_o limpid_a or_o colourless_a as_o i_o have_v often_o have_v it_o with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a and_o these_o remain_v of_o blueishness_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n with_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o liquor_n and_o though_o i_o think_v it_o not_o impossible_a but_o that_o length_n of_o time_n may_v destroy_v its_o blueishness_n yet_o unstop_v the_o vessel_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o two_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n where_o it_o touch_v the_o fresh_a air_n become_v ceruleous_a and_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o liquor_n have_v attain_v a_o deep_a colour_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sky_n which_o colour_n grow_v sensible_o pale_a again_o when_o the_o vial_n be_v stop_v but_o one_o thing_n i_o must_v add_v be_v that_o i_o have_v find_v the_o experiment_n to_o succeed_v with_o some_o analogy_n when_o another_o volatile_a spirit_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o air_n produce_v a_o green_a and_o not_o a_o ceruleous_a colour_n which_o make_v i_o suspend_v my_o judgement_n till_o satisfy_v by_o further_a experience_n whether_o the_o event_n of_o the_o former_a trial_n depend_v on_o any_o affinity_n of_o the_o spirit_n with_o blood_n or_o not_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o parcel_n of_o
spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la byliano_fw-it when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o it_o afford_v few_o and_o less_o bubble_n than_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o common_a water_n title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o hostility_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o acid_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o liquor_n or_o fume_n it_o exercise_v its_o hostility_n against_o more_o than_o one_o sort_n of_o acid_n spirit_n as_o spirit_z of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o not_o only_o against_o facitious_a but_o natural_a one_o as_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o which_o there_o present_o ensue_v a_o great_a commotion_n with_o noise_n but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o hostility_n evident_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o these_o liquor_n but_o also_o their_o effluvia_fw-la for_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n somewhat_o wide_o mouth_v and_o spirit_n of_o blood_n rectify_v into_o another_o when_o these_o liquor_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o another_o their_o invisible_a emanation_n join_v together_o will_v form_v a_o manifest_a smoke_n some_o pure_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v just_o satiate_v with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n we_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o superfluous_a moisture_n which_o be_v do_v we_o take_v the_o compound_a crystal_n which_o the_o mixture_n afford_v and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o slender_a and_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o then_o add_v to_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o as_o much_o distil_a water_n as_o make_v the_o mixture_n liquid_a enough_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n detain_v the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n ascend_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o nitre_n be_v mix_v together_o there_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n in_o which_o thick_a white_a fume_n rise_v plentiful_o and_o circulate_v in_o the_o vessel_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o a_o white_a stream_n until_o the_o fume_n cease_v to_o rise_v again_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n appear_v red_a be_v settle_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v so_o discolour_v by_o a_o fattish_a substance_n we_o put_v to_o it_o a_o little_a rain_n water_n and_o have_v by_o filtration_n separate_v the_o faeces_fw-la and_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o thus_o clarify_a liquor_n the_o saline_a part_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n but_o after_o a_o while_n seem_v yellow_a as_o if_o tinged_a with_o the_o oil_n n._n though_o on_o several_a occasion_n the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n appear_v oily_a yet_o i_o not_o long_o since_o dissolve_v another_o parcel_n of_o blood_n who_o liquor_n be_v clear_a and_o limpid_a a_o year_n after_o some_o of_o the_o before_o mention_v crystal_n be_v put_v upon_o well_o kindle_v charcoal_n present_o melt_v and_o burn_v away_o like_o salt-petre_n but_o the_o flame_n seem_v not_o so_o halituous_a and_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o blue_a but_o yellow_a and_o after_o the_o deflagration_n cease_v there_o remain_v upon_o the_o coal_n a_o lump_n of_o dirty_a colour_a matter_n which_o have_v scarce_o any_o taste_n nor_o be_v that_o little_a it_o have_v alkalious_a this_o brittle_a substance_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n become_v red_a hot_a without_o any_o sensible_a imminution_n and_o so_o it_o do_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n title_n xv._o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n outward_o apply_v since_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o acid_n substance_n except_o in_o the_o pancreatic_a juice_n of_o a_o sound_a person_n and_o since_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o blood_n do_v much_o resemble_v sea-salt_n whether_o its_o spirit_n be_v acid_n or_o no_o and_o since_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whether_o solid_a or_o liquid_a afford_v a_o liquor_n impregnate_v with_o store_n of_o volatile_a salt_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n in_o several_a disease_n even_o when_o external_o apply_v and_o that_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o assist_v several_a people_n in_o apoplexy_n epilepsy_n etc._n etc._n when_o apply_v to_o or_o put_v up_o the_o nostril_n it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o several_a learned_a and_o able_a physician_n and_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o prepare_v a_o volatile_a salt_n sublime_v from_o a_o compound_n salt_n obtain_v from_o spirit_n of_o blood_n satiate_v with_o nitre_n and_o for_o a_o like_a purpose_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o liquid_a form_n we_o mix_v two_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n with_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o pretty_a strong_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o spirit_n unaccompany_v with_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a taste_n and_o smell_v before_o rectification_n than_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n prepare_v another_o way_n have_v after_o rectification_n and_o have_v we_o make_v use_v of_o more_o lime_n i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v obtain_v a_o more_o pierce_a spirit_n since_o it_o will_v have_v retain_v more_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o find_v headache_n cure_v by_o the_o separate_a application_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n which_o be_v likewise_o good_a in_o hysterick_n and_o hypochondriacal_a case_n and_o in_o faint_a fit_n and_o if_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o make_v it_o too_o nauseous_a that_o may_v be_v correct_v according_a to_o the_o method_n already_o lay_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n be_v dissolve_v in_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n if_o that_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o will_v give_v it_o a_o very_a grateful_a and_o odoriferous_a smell_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o medicine_n make_v of_o amber_n have_v be_v find_v successful_a not_o only_o in_o convulsion_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v prove_v successful_a enough_o in_o disease_n both_o of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o this_o tincture_n may_v not_o inconvenient_o or_o unsuccessful_o be_v add_v to_o correct_v the_o odour_n and_o increase_v the_o virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o though_o oil_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o mix_v ready_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v shake_v together_o and_o left_a to_o settle_v at_o leisure_n though_o they_o settle_v in_o distinct_a mass_n yet_o the_o spirit_n will_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a extract_n a_o high_a and_o a_o yellow_a tincture_n little_a different_a from_o the_o oil_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n till_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o amber_n be_v predominant_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a use_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o oil_n in_o these_o mixture_n shall_v be_v too_o much_o predominant_a it_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v by_o run_v it_o through_o a_o tunnel_n who_o orifice_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v form_v so_o small_a and_o sharp_a as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o run_v off_o first_o which_o may_v when_o thus_o separate_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n and_o since_o if_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n be_v sufficient_o rectify_v there_o will_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o saline_n and_o urinous_a part_n be_v produce_v a_o kind_n of_o salt_n you_o may_v either_o pour_v the_o liquid_a part_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o then_o use_v they_o separate_v or_o else_o separate_v the_o salt_n by_o sublimation_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n thus_o separate_v will_v have_v a_o fragrant_a brisk_a and_o pierce_a odour_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o its_o scent_n but_o it_o may_v be_v good_a likewise_o when_o use_v as_o a_o fomentation_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v effectual_a in_o remove_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n and_o in_o the_o erisipelas_n and_o since_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o alkalizate_a nature_n it_o may_v be_v good_a to_o correct_v acidity_n it_o may_v be_v for_o that_o purpose_n make_v use_v of_o both_o by_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n inward_o use_v i_o have_v be_v
urinous_a spirit_n experiment_n vii_o the_o juice_n of_o scurvy_a grass_n fresh_a draw_v incline_v the_o black_a surface_n of_o clot_a blood_n to_o redishness_n experiment_n viii_o blood_n be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o eight_o or_o four_o part_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n about_o three_o year_n be_v coagulate_v but_o neither_o stanke_z nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o least_o putrify_a experiment_n ix_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o concrete_v blood_n be_v leave_v three_o day_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v render_v moderate_o hard_a and_o friable_a throughout_o experiment_n x._o upon_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n will_v dissolve_v at_o least_o two_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_v it_o be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v twenty_o five_o grain_n more_o nor_o do_v any_o of_o this_o salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n upon_o its_o refrigeration_n experiment_n xi_o the_o aforementioned_a solution_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n to_o be_v draw_v off_o with_o a_o pretty_a quick_a heat_n we_o obtain_v a_o distil_a liquor_n that_o contain_v almost_o all_o the_o volatile_a salt_n except_o a_o little_a which_o escape_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o liquor_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o moderate_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o may_v give_v we_o a_o hint_n what_o proportion_n of_o a_o liquor_n to_o salt_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o spirit_n and_o one_o thing_n here_o may_v be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n viz._n that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v too_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n we_o perceive_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n though_o the_o crystal_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v be_v fine_a and_o clear_a and_o some_o of_o they_o large_a than_o spangle_n yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o stick_v together_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v the_o shape_n of_o particular_a grain_n nor_o whether_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n but_o divers_a of_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v flat_o thin_a plate_n with_o fine_a rectilinear_a angle_n so_o that_o we_o conjecture_v if_o the_o whole_a plate_n can_v have_v be_v see_v their_o broad_a surface_n will_v have_v be_v find_v hexagonal_a or_o of_o some_o polygone_a figure_n very_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o experiment_n xii_o a_o ounce_n of_o distil_a water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o as_o much_o salt_n as_o can_v be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o expose_v to_o congeal_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n but_o the_o salt_n be_v neither_o congeal_v nor_o the_o water_n though_o afterward_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o will_v perhaps_o have_v freeze_v beer_n or_o ale_n or_o the_o weak_a sort_n of_o french_a wine_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o glaciation_n experiment_n xiii_o though_o sea-salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n render_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v yet_o be_v join_v with_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o external_o apply_v it_o conduce_v to_o the_o freeze_a of_o it_o wherefore_o we_o mix_v about_o a_o scruple_n of_o salt_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o ice_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o accordin_o we_o find_v that_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v freeze_v experiment_n fourteen_o some_o of_o the_o fibrous_a part_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a and_o shallow_a glass_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n it_o be_v light_o freeze_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n pretty_o figure_v with_o resemblance_n of_o comb_n with_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a coagulate_v in_o common_a water_n and_o not_o here_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o some_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v propose_v a_o couple_n of_o medicine_n to_o be_v prepare_v from_o it_o one_o of_o which_o may_v perhaps_o have_v no_o inconsiderable_a effect_n the_o first_o medicine_n i_o attempt_v to_o make_v be_v by_o put_v to_o salt_n of_o tartar_n oil_n of_o human_a blood_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o by_o stir_v they_o long_o together_o in_o the_o open_a air_n to_o make_v such_o a_o saponary_a concretion_n as_o matthew_n corector_n which_o be_v esteem_v and_o employ_v with_o good_a success_n by_o some_o london_n physician_n the_o other_o medicine_n i_o endeavour_v to_o make_v be_v by_o unite_n by_o long_a digestion_n the_o salt_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o a_o mixture_n which_o some_o chemist_n call_v a_o clyssus_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o history_n experiment_n i._n the_o blood_n of_o a_o young_a man_n when_o cool_a have_v its_o serum_n and_o fibrous_a part_n separately_z weigh_v the_o latter_a weigh_v about_o six_o ounce_n and_o the_o serous_a part_n not_o many_o drachm_n from_o that_o weight_n experiment_n ii_o the_o very_a ingenious_a mr._n hook_n and_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o freeze_a urine_n figure_n which_o much_o resemble_v comb_n or_o feather_n consider_v the_o affinity_n usual_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o serum_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o urine_n we_o expose_v some_o of_o it_o strain_v through_o a_o linen_n rag_n to_o separate_v the_o grumou_n part_n to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n several_a night_n consecutive_o and_o observe_v that_o be_v freeze_v there_o appear_v upon_o the_o ice_n contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n certain_a figure_n which_o do_v not_o ill_o resemble_v those_o of_o conglaciate_v urine_n experiment_n iii_o to_o try_v whether_o serum_n as_o well_o as_o urine_n may_v not_o as_o well_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o invisible_a ink_n we_o trace_v some_o character_n with_o it_o upon_o white_a paper_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v we_o hold_v the_o unwritten_a side_n over_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n keep_v it_o always_o stir_v that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v fire_n upon_o which_o the_o letter_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n appear_v of_o a_o dark_a colour_n though_o not_o of_o a_o inky_a blackness_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o history_n since_o according_a to_o the_o several_a way_n of_o distil_v human_a blood_n the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n etc._n produce_v may_v be_v considerable_o diversify_v i_o distil_v three_o portion_n of_o human_a blood_n each_o with_o a_o different_a additament_n the_o first_o which_o be_v distil_v with_o quicklime_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o viz._n four_o ounce_n of_o coagulate_v blood_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o quicklime_n we_o distil_v they_o by_o degree_n of_o fire_n in_o a_o retort_n place_v in_o sand_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o obtain_v a_o proportion_n of_o red_a spirituous_a liquor_n which_o seem_v not_o very_o phlegmatic_a together_o with_o some_o oil_n the_o quantity_n of_o which_o be_v but_o small_a the_o rest_n be_v probable_o detain_v by_o the_o lime_n and_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o that_o little_a oil_n that_o come_v over_o sink_v in_o the_o spirit_n the_o rest_n swim_v upon_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v set_v in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o small_a head_n and_o body_n to_o rectify_v with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n the_o receiver_n be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n remove_v and_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o first_o spirit_n that_o come_v over_o be_v not_o near_o so_o fetid_v as_o that_o which_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v distil_v per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v in_o the_o succeed_a portion_n the_o oil_n be_v detain_v behind_o by_o the_o quicklime_n the_o rectify_a spirit_n be_v clear_a and_o colourless_a and_o have_v a_o taste_n much_o strong_a than_o its_o smell_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o it_o make_v i_o think_v some_o volatile_a alkalious_a part_n of_o the_o quicklime_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o it_o to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o which_o we_o drop_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n with_o fair_a water_n and_o on_o the_o first_o contact_n we_o perceive_v a_o precipitate_a a_o little_a incline_n to_o yellow_a as_o quicklime_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n usual_o turn_v it_o but_o afterward_o the_o precipitate_v appear_v white_a like_o that_o make_v with_o ordinary_a volatile_a liquor_n of_o a_o urinous_a nature_n some_o of_o this_o spirit_n put_v into_o a_o glass-egg_n afford_v not_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v continue_v we_o find_v that_o the_o spirit_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n lose_v its_o limpidness_n and_o become_v muddy_a or_o trouble_v another_o portion_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v
more_o clear_o understand_v how_o a_o superadded_a form_n modify_v the_o action_n of_o a_o body_n we_o need_v but_o reflect_v on_o the_o part_n of_o a_o watch_n from_o whence_o the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la proceed_v where_o we_o may_v see_v how_o the_o spring_n by_o be_v bend_v acquire_v a_o tendency_n to_o expand_v and_o how_o the_o wheel_n moderate_v that_o expansion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v how_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n which_o unite_v make_v the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la concur_v in_o superad_v several_a new_a quality_n to_o the_o whole_a so_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n be_v vitrify_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o which_o action_n the_o part_n which_o before_o be_v pliable_a become_v brittle_a and_o be_v otherwise_o range_v as_o to_o situation_n give_v way_n to_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o become_v transparent_a and_o salt-petre_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n instead_o of_o burn_v by_o degree_n and_o leave_v a_o alkalizate_a 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small_a a_o accident_n as_o moâ—â—â—â—_n oâ—_n whatever_o distinguish_v wind_n and_o exhalaâ—â—â—…_n be_v enough_o to_o entitle_v they_o to_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n a_o great_a right_o may_v be_v presume_v 〈◊〉_d paper_n and_o rag_n glass_n and_o wood-ash_n shall_v be_v esteem_v so_o too_o as_o also_o soap_n sugar_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a objection_n that_o most_o of_o these_o body_n be_v factitious_a for_o the_o present_a state_n of_o a_o body_n denominate_v its_o species_n however_o it_o come_v by_o that_o nature_n as_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n by_o the_o sun_n act_v upon_o the_o sea-water_n be_v as_o much_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o be_v artificial_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o boil_a sea-water_n in_o chauldron_n and_o silkworm_n and_o chicken_n hatch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o oven_n or_o dunghill_n be_v equal_o as_o much_o silkworm_n or_o chicken_n as_o those_o produce_v by_o 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in_o their_o figure_n vary_v according_a to_o which_o agricola_n lib._n 12._o p._n 462._o de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o cord_n that_o be_v immerge_v into_o vitriol-water_n for_o the_o crystal_n to_o stick_v to_o say_z exit_fw-la his_o pendent_a rest_n lapillis_fw-la extentae_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la humour_n spissus_fw-la adhaerescens_fw-la densatur_fw-la in_fw-la translucentes_fw-la atramenti_fw-la sutorii_fw-la vel_fw-la cubos_fw-la vel_fw-la acinos_fw-la qui_fw-la wae_fw-la speciem_fw-la gerunt_fw-la alkaly_n crystal_n obtain_v from_o a_o alkaly_n i_o remember_v also_o that_o have_v a_o long_a time_n think_v that_o the_o method_n usual_o take_v in_o prepare_v alkalyes_n such_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o form_n of_o calx_fw-la i_o take_v care_n to_o dissolve_v alkalyes_n well_o purify_v in_o water_n slow_o evaporate_n it_o till_o crust_v over_o with_o a_o icy_a crust_n which_o be_v preserve_v entire_a lest_o they_o shall_v want_v a_o
bright_a copper_n within_o about_o half_a a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o verge_n of_o the_o moisten_a part_n of_o the_o surface_n appear_v blueish_a and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wetted_a part_n acquire_v a_o fine_a azure_a have_v pour_v spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o file_n of_o zinke_n or_o spiltre_n it_o present_o begin_v to_o work_v manifest_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o when_o assist_v by_o a_o little_a heat_n it_o dissolve_v the_o zinke_n brisk_o and_o not_o without_o produce_v store_n of_o bubble_n be_v also_o a_o little_a discolour_a by_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v put_v a_o piece_n of_o clot_a blood_n which_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n into_o a_o slender_a vial_n of_o clear_a glass_n and_o then_o pour_v on_o a_o little_a rectify_a spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o shake_v the_o glass_n a_o little_a the_o blackness_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n present_o disappear_v and_o become_v a_o florid_n scarlet_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v tinge_v with_o a_o fair_a red_n and_o from_o a_o succession_n of_o bubble_n pass_v from_o time_n to_o time_n out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o it_o seem_v to_o work_v somewhat_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o blood_n be_v degenerate_v from_o its_o former_a colour_n to_o a_o little_a more_o dark_a one_o but_o another_o clot_n of_o blood_n one_o side_n of_o which_o be_v red_a and_o the_o other_o black_a be_v put_v into_o the_o vial_n and_o spirit_n of_o blood_n pour_v upon_o it_o the_o red_a side_n have_v its_o colour_n improve_v but_o the_o other_o continue_v black_a and_o dirty_a and_o i_o once_o preserve_v twelve_o drachm_n of_o blood_n in_o two_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o find_v that_o twelve_o month_n after_o it_o remain_v fair_a and_o florid_n and_o little_o less_o than_o total_o fluid_a and_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v open_v there_o appear_v little_a sign_n of_o putrefaction_n but_o only_o a_o small_a clot_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o rest_n pass_v ready_o through_o a_o strainer_n so_o that_o the_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o great_a embalm_v virtue_n since_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v six_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o a_o body_n so_o apt_a to_o putrefy_v but_o to_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v comit_v the_o mixture_n to_o distillation_n the_o first_o liquor_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o phlegm_n which_o be_v succeed_v by_o a_o spirituous_a liquor_n and_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n have_v pour_v some_o of_o our_o spirit_n upon_o file_n of_o iron_n where_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o rusty_a and_o keep_v they_o together_o a_o while_n in_o digestion_n we_o find_v as_o we_o expect_v that_o that_o liquor_n by_o work_v upon_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o light_a substance_n something_o pale_a than_o a_o crocus_n and_o there_o appear_v likewise_o in_o the_o liquor_n good_a store_n of_o thin_a plate_n which_o after_o a_o gentle_a agitation_n be_v hold_v against_o the_o sunbeam_n exhibit_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n very_o vivid_o but_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o liquor_n appear_v not_o at_o all_o martial_a title_n ix_o of_o the_o tincture_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v put_v upon_o saffron_n present_o acquire_v a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o from_o tu_fw-la merick_a a_o tincture_n like_o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n which_o may_v doubtless_o prove_v a_o good_a medicine_n in_o the_o jaundice_n and_o some_o of_o this_o spirit_n be_v put_v upon_o powder_n of_o blood_n it_o present_o extract_v from_o it_o a_o colour_n as_o red_a as_o that_o of_o french_a claret_n but_o when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o another_o parcel_n of_o spirit_n well_o rectify_v i_o find_v that_o it_o extract_v not_o a_o tincture_n so_o soon_o and_o after_o several_a hour_n the_o colour_n it_o obtain_v be_v brown_a which_o in_o some_o hour_n after_o be_v heighten_v into_o redness_n and_o in_o a_o long_a time_n it_o become_v almost_o as_o red_a as_o the_o former_a tincture_n to_o show_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v extract_v tincture_n out_o of_o the_o hard_a body_n we_o put_v file_n with_o it_o into_o a_o small_a egg_n and_o keep_v they_o all_o night_n in_o digestion_n in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n and_o the_o next_o day_n we_o find_v the_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o a_o deep_a brownish_a red_a and_o those_o file_n which_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o be_v above_o the_o liquor_n be_v turn_v by_o the_o exhalation_n of_o this_o spirit_n into_o a_o yellow_a crocus_n but_o the_o mixture_n be_v keep_v some_o day_n long_o in_o the_o same_o vessel_n the_o colour_n of_o it_o be_v grow_v opacous_a and_o appear_v to_o be_v black_a when_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o in_o a_o considerable_a bulk_n but_o it_o seem_v of_o another_o colour_n when_o look_v upon_o as_o it_o be_v spread_v thin_a upon_o white_a paper_n some_o of_o this_o tincture_n be_v pour_v upon_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n it_o will_v not_o make_v it_o of_o a_o inky_a colour_n nor_o be_v the_o precipitate_a which_o present_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o inky_a colour_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v unsafe_a either_o to_o suppose_v that_o if_o chalybeates_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o body_n it_o must_v be_v by_o some_o acid_n juice_n or_o to_o conclude_v that_o if_o steel_v be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o liquor_n of_o our_o body_n they_o must_v be_v ex_fw-la predominio_fw-la alkalizate_fw-la since_o a_o liquor_n that_o be_v very_o different_a from_o acid_n dissolve_v it_o but_o without_o touch_v further_o upon_o this_o account_n i_o shall_v rather_o commend_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o physician_n to_o pitch_v upon_o some_o other_o method_n of_o explicate_v the_o effect_n of_o chalybeates_n upon_o human_a body_n and_o whether_o martial_a medicine_n may_v not_o be_v make_v use_n of_o which_o be_v prepare_v by_o volatite_n alkaly_n instead_o of_o acid_n spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v keep_v in_o digestion_n with_o powder_n of_o amber_n it_o extract_v no_o considerable_a tincture_n but_o whether_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o amber_n or_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o spirit_n i_o shall_v leave_v undetermined_a some_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v put_v upon_o some_o of_o that_o gum_n call_v seed-lac_n soon_o become_v tinge_v which_o i_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o superficial_a colour_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o gum_n proceed_v from_o some_o adhere_a blood_n of_o the_o little_a wing_a infect_v who_o by_o their_o bite_n occasion_v this_o gum_n upon_o the_o twig_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o it_o be_v find_v so_o that_o the_o colour_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v give_v by_o the_o gum_n but_o the_o blood_n of_o those_o animal_n and_o may_v probable_o be_v a_o good_a solvent_a medicine_n since_o most_o of_o the_o infect_v use_v in_o physic_n consist_v of_o part_n very_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a and_o of_o considerable_a efficacy_n title_n x._o of_o the_o coagulate_a power_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v well_o mingle_v by_o shake_v it_o with_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o urinous_a spirit_n there_o will_v present_o ensue_v a_o coagulation_n or_o a_o concretion_n of_o part_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a mixture_n or_o a_o portion_n of_o it_o into_o corpuscle_n of_o a_o saline_n form_n which_o cohere_v loose_o together_o make_v up_o a_o mass_n of_o a_o fluid_a and_o consistent_a soft_a temper_n in_o which_o form_n it_o will_v continue_v in_o a_o cool_a place_n several_a month_n title_n xi_o of_o the_o precipitate_v power_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n it_o have_v a_o power_n of_o precipitate_v as_o other_o volatile_a spirit_n most_o body_n dissolve_v in_o acid_n menstruum_n i_o say_v most_o because_o there_o be_v no_o need_n this_o rule_n shall_v be_v general_a or_o hold_v when_o the_o body_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o dissolve_v by_o a_o acid_n as_o a_o alkaly_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o body_n appear_v since_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v dissolve_v both_o copper_n and_o zink_n which_o may_v be_v likewise_o dissolve_v by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o other_o acid_n menstruum_n but_o that_o this_o spirit_n will_v precipitate_v other_o body_n dissolve_v in_o acid_n menstruum_n i_o be_o convince_v by_o several_a trial_n make_v on_o red_a lead_n dissolve_v in_o vinegar_n silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o tin_n dissolve_v in_o a_o appropriate_v menstruum_fw-la and_o several_a other_o body_n and_o out_o of_o a_o solution_n of_o common_a salt_n make_v in_o water_n