Faulkoner But if notwithstanding they see any body coming and that he is near them they do with a hundred dodges and stoopings of themselves as if they were weary with flying entice him away from their young to follow after them and when they have their purpose they then as if they had recovered some fresh strength fly quite away Who can but wonder at this both affection and subtilty In Florida part of the West-Indies they have a Beast which for the variety and deformity of it I cannot pass over in silence the natives call it Succarath the Canibals Su. It keeps for the most part about the Rivers and the Sea-shore and lives by prey When he perceiveth that he is pursued by the Huntsman he gets his young ones upon his back and with his tail which is very long and broad he covereth them and so flying provideth both for his own and their safety neither can he be taken by any other way but by pits which those savage men use to dig in the places near which he is to run into which at unawares he tumbles headlong This picture of him here I drew out of Thevets Cosmographie How Hares provide for themselves and their young for fear of hunters Neither are those things less wonderful that are reported of Hares for when they would go to their seat they sever their young and commit them to the trust of divers places it may be two acres asunder one from another lest peradventure a Huntsman a Dog or any Man should chance to come that way and they might be in danger to be lost at once And then after they have traced up and down hither and thither and every way that the Dogs may not trace them nor the Huntsman prick them they take a leap or two and leap into their forms Nor inferior to this is the craft of the Hedg-hog for when the Fox pursueth him and is now at his heels he rowls himself up in his prickles like a Chesnut in the outward shell so that every part being rounded and encompassed with these sharp and dangerous pricks he cannot be hurt and so saves himself by this trick For his young he provides in this manner The care of the Hedghog to provide for her young In the time of Vintage he goes to the Vines and with his feet he strikes off the boughs and the grapes and then rowling his body makes them stick upon his prickles and so doth as it were take his burthen upon his back and then returns to his hole you would think that the Grapes did move of themselves the prey he divides between himself and his young Of the affection of Birds and of Dogs towards their Masters The piety of Storks THe young Stork provides for the old which is disabled by age and if any one of their equals come to any mischance that he is not able to fly they will give him their assistance and bear him on their backs and wings And therefore this affection and piety towards the old ones and as it were brotherly love towards their equals is commended in the Stork The Hen in any kind of danger gathers her Chickens under her wings and as it were with that guard defends them as well as she can For their sake she exposeth her self to the cruelty of the fiercest Beasts and will fly in the eyes of a Dog a Wolf or a Bear that by chance offers to meddle with her Chickens The fidelity of Dogs But who is there that doth not admire the fidelity and love of Dogs towards their Masters whereby they recompence them for their keeping A Dog will never forsake his Master no if he be never so hardly used For there is no Man can find a stick hard enough to drive that Dog clean away from him which hath once taken a love to him There is no kind of creature that doth more certainly and readily remember his Master he will know the voyce of all the houshold and of those which frequent the house There cannot be a trustier keeper as Cicero himself saith than a Dog is I speak not of their faculty of smelling whereby they follow their Masters by the foot and find them neither do I speak of those infinite examples of the fidelity of Dogs which were too long to rehearse Doves free from adultery Pigeons as well the Cock as the Hen although they are all very venereous yet they know no adultery yea and the Hen will bear with the frowardness of the Cock neither will she ever leave him but reconciling him unto her by her officious diligence bring him to his wonted dalliance and kisses neither is the love of either of them less towards their young Turtles never couple twice There is the like mutual bond of love between Turtles for if one them die the surviver never solicits Hymen more neither will he ever chuse other seat than a dry withered bough Of the strength piety docility clemency chastity and gratitude of Elephants AMong the Beasts of the field there is none more vast more strong or more to be feared than the Elephant His strength is sufficiently shown by those towred Castles of armed men which he carries and fiercely rusheth with into the battail The Roman Souldiers being otherwise of undaunted spirits yet in that battail which they fought against Pyrrhus being terrified with the vastness and immanity of these Bodies which they had never before seen presently turned their backs and fled which notwithstanding it is a wonderful thing what Stories natural Philosophers tell of the vertues of the Elephant Pliny writeth that an Elephant cometh very near to the understanding that Men have Lib. 8. cap. â and that he hath a rude kind of knowledg of language that his facility and obsequiousness is wonderful that his memory in the performance of his wonted duties is no less wonderful And for Religion Plutarch saith that they pray unto the Gods The religion oâ the Elephant Pân lib. 8. c. 5. and sprinkle and purge themselves with salt-Salt-water and that with great reverence they worship the Sun at his rising lifting their trunks up towards heaven for want of hands Pliny addeth that they do with the like reverence worship the Moon and the Stars For it is related in the History of the Arabians that at a new Moon the Elephants go by Troops down unto the Rivers and there wash themselves with water and being thus purged kneel down and worship the Moon and then return to the Woods the eldest going first and the other following after according to their age Plutarch reporteth that it hapned once that among the Elephants which were caught at Rome against the Panegyrick Shows there was one that was something dull and not so docile as the rest which made him be despised by his fellows and often beaten by his Master But that this Elephant that he might supply by diligence what he wanted in wit was
incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â farinae fabarum et hordei an ⥠iii. âlei rosati ⥠ii oxycrati quantum sufficit câquantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â mucilag sent psilii ⥠iiâi âl rosati ⥠ii acet ⥠i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci â i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governor of the hither-Spain as he overlooked the winowing of his corn Lib. 22. cap. â5 was taken by the pain of the Gout in his feet wherefore he coverd himself with the Whear above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note-worthie which often happeneth that the pain cannot be altogether eased by such remedies by reason of the abundance of blood impact in the part wherefore it must be evacuated Phlebotomie to evacuate the conjunct matter and asswage pain which I have done in many with good success opening the vein which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the pain was presently asswaged Neither must we too long make use of repercussives least the matter become so hardned that it can scarce be afterwards resolved as when it shall be concrete into knots and plaster-like stones resolving medicines are to be mixed with repercussives conveniently applyed so to discuss the humor remaining as yet in the part whereof shall be spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of Locall medicines for a cholerick Gout What repercussives are beâe required THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of Gout ought to be cold and moist that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslain hous-leek henbane sorrel plantain poppy cold water and the like whereof may be made divers compositions As â succi hyoscyami sempervivi lactuc. an ⥠ii farin hordeiÊi olei rosati ⥠ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum Let it be applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some think the brain of a hog mixed with white starchs or barly-meal and oil of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallows boiled in water and beaten with a pestil and applyed asswage pain â mucilag sem psilii extract in aq solani vel resarum ⥠ii âarin hordei ⥠i. aceti q s fiat linimentum Or else â unguent rosat mesue popules an ⥠iii. succi melânum ⥠ii alb overum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â fol caulium rub m. ii câquantur in âxycrato terantur adde overum vitellos tres olei rosati ⥠ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit flugantur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts cane-weed and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oil of roses and barly-meal make a cataplasm In winter-time when as these things cannot be had green you may use unguent infrigidanâ Galeni populeon A cerâte with opium Or else â cerae albae ⥠i. croci â i opii â iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit macerentur opium crocus in acelo deinde terantur et incorporentur cum cera et oleo fiat cetatum spread it upon a cloth and lay it upon the part and all about it and let it be often renewed Some cut frogs open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that pâin of the Sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have been asswaged by anointing the affected part with the mucous water or gelly of Snails The water of Snails being used for the space of seven or eight daies truth whereof was assured me by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemau a man of great honesty and credit who himself was troubled for six months space with the Sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snails put them in a copper-pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then press them in a course or hair-cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen rags and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there be great inflammation the Snails shall he boiled in Vinegar and Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boiled in Vinegar and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or bean flower are good against these pains Or else â ââmorum coctorum in lacte lb. i. butyri ⥠i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti ⥠i fiat cataplasma There are some who take chees-curd newly made and mix it in a mortar with oil of Roses and barly-meal and so apply it it represseth inflammation and asswageth pain Others mix cassia newly extracted forth of the cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leavs of Coleworts and Dane-weed or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vinegar Others macerate or steep an ounce of linseed in Wort and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into a Cataplasm with some oil of Roses and barly-meal Some put oil of poppies to the pulp of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it An history This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoin of Basas that was throughly cured therewith when as he had been vexed long and much with gouty pains above the common custom of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridg-tile thick and strong and heat it red hot in the fire A particulars stove then put it into such another tile of the same bigness but cold least it should burn the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wort-leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burnâng it Then let the patient endure the heat that comes there from and by sweat receive the fruit thereof for the space of an hour substituting fresh Dane-wort-leaves if the forme become too drie as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the hour be ended This being done let the part be dried with warm and drie linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteen daies and that in the morning fasting afterward annoint the part with this following ointment An ointment of the juice of Dane-wurt â succi âbuli lb. i. ss olei com lb. i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a straight mouthed glass and well luted up then let it boil in balneo Mariae being first mixed with some wine untill the half thereof be consumed for the space of ten or twelve hours then let it cool and so keep it for use adding thereto in the time of anointing some few dropâ of aqua
every day so long until they begin to flux at the mouth The principal matter or basis of such fumigations as we have already noted is Cinnabaris consisting of sulphur and argentum vivum mixed together there is added also radix ireos flor thus olibanum myrrha juncus odoratus assa odorata mastiche trebinthina theriaca all which have a faculty to resolve and strengthen the spirits and nature and correct the stench and evil quality of the argentum vivum The matter of them There are also other fumigations made after another manner but that also when as the argentum vivum is extinct and as it were fixt after this manner let some lead be melted and let there be poured or put thereto some argentum vivum then let it all be poudred adding thereto antimony aloes mastich coperas orpiment and benjamin made into powder and framed into Trochisces with some terpentine Or else â cinnabaris ⥠i. flyracis liq calamitae nucis moschat anÊiii benzoini ⥠ss excipe terebinth fiant trochisci ponderisÊii for the foresaid use Trochises for fumigations The terebinthina is added to incorporate the dry things and the gums are added to yield matter to the fume But virulent ulcers of the Lues Venerea shall not be fumigated before they be cleansed also this following fumigation is good â cinnab ⥠i. benzoini myrrhae styracis olibani opopanacis an ⥠ss mastiches macis thuris an Êii excipeantur terebinthina fiat suffumigium CHAP. XV. The cure of the symptoms or symptomatick affects of the Lues Venerea and first of the Vlcers of the Yard CAllous and malign ulcers in this disease may grow all over the yard The ulcers of the prepuce more malign then those of the Glans but these are far more malign which arise on the prepuce then those that grow on the Glans or nut of the yard Now they are rebellious to the common medicines of ulcers which happen other-wayes and they are also subject to turn into a grangrene so that sundry who have not in time provided for themselves by the use of argentum vivum are forced for their negligence to suffer the loss of their Glans and oft times of their whole yard Yet I am of opinion that I think we must begin the cure of ulcers of the yard with the generall remedies of ulcers For all ulcers arising in these parts by reason of copulation are not virulent But when as we shall finde that we doe no good by this means and that the disease notwithstanding grows worse and worse then must we come to make use of such things as receive argentum vivum that by these we may resist the virulency which is ready to disperse it self over all the body yet it is absolutely necessary that all these things be endued with such faculties as may return the malign acrimony of this venom such an one is this following collyrium of Lanfrank Lanfrancks ââlây ium â vini albi lb i. aq ros plantag an quart 1. auripigÊii viridis aeris Êi aloes myrrhae an â ii terantur subtilissimè fiat collyrium Also these ulcers may be profitably touched with mercury-mercury-water or aqua fortis which the Gold-smiths have used or else mercury in powder or our aegyptiacum but the falling away of the Eschar shall be procured with basilicon or fresh butter Yet I think it not fit to use these acrid things without very great caution for fear of a grangrene which easily happens to this part But if such ulcers are so stubborn that they will not yield to these remedies then must we come to the friction or unction of the groins perinaeum and ulcers with the ointments formerly prescribed for the general friction Also sumigations may be made as we mentioned in the former chapter For thus at length the milignity of the virulent humor will be overcom and the callous hardness mollified and lastly the ulcers themselves cleansed and being cleansed consolidated Some times after the perfect cure of such ulcers there will appear manifest signs of the Lues Venerea in many which shewed not themselves before for that the virulency flowed forth of the running ulcers and now this vent being stopt it flows back into the body and shews signs thereof in other parts and these men have need of a general unction CHAP. XVI How a Gonorrhoea differeth from a * This which by ouâ Autor is here termed Stranguria verulenta and in French Chaudepisse is the same which by other Autors is usually termed Gânâââhea virulenta and by us vulgarly in English The running of the reines What a virulent strangury is The cause of the convulsive distention of the yard virulent Strangury EVen to this day very many have thought that the virulent Strangury hath some affinity with the Gonorrhoea of the Antients but you shall understand by that which follows that they are much different For a Gonorrhoea is an unvoluntary effusion of seed running from the whole body to the genitals by reason of the resolution and palsie of the retentive faculty of these parts as it is delivered by Galen lib. de loc affect This disease befalleth others by the collection of the blood and seminal matter by the vessels of the whole body which not turning into fat and good flesh takes its course to the genitals but on the contrary a virulent Strangury is a running or rather dropping out of the urinary passage of a yellowish livid bloody filthy sanies like to pus or matter not well concocted oftentimes fretting and exulcerateing the passage with the acrimony and causing a painfull erection of the yard and distension of all the genital parts For in this erection there is caused as it were a convulsive contraction of these parts And hence it is that the patients complain that they feel as it were a string stretched stiff in that part which draws the yard as it were downwards The cause hereof is a gross and flatulent spirit filling and distending by its plenty the whole channel or hollow nerve yea verily the whole porous substance of the yard If to these sumptoms this be added that the urinary passage be exulcecrated a grievous pain afflicts the patient whilst he makes water for that the ulcers are irritated by the sharp urine passing that way Such a virulent strangury or running of the reines oftimes continueth for two or three years space but the Gonorrhoea or running of the seed cannot endure so long but that it will bring the body to an extreme and deadly leanness for that the matter of the seed is of the more benign and laudable portion of the blood as you may perceive by those who have too immoderately used copulation but the space of one night For such have their faces more lean and lank Vid. aut definmed apud Galen What kind of maâte floweth forth in a virulent strangâry and the rest of their bodies enervated
they have small store of spirits and native heat both which are dissipated by venery The nineteenth is the so great thickness of their gross and livid blood that if you wash it you may finde a sandy matter therein as some have found by experience by reason of the great adustion and assation thereof The twentieth is the languidness and weakness of the pulse by reason of the oppression of the vitall and pulsifick faculty by a cloud of gross vapors Herewith also their mine sometimes is thick and troubled like the urine of carriage-beasts if the urinary vessels be permeable and free otherwise it is thin if there be obstruction which only suffers that which is thin to flow forth by the urinary passages now the urine is oftentimes of a pale ash-colour and oftimes it smells like as the other excrements do in this disease Verily there are many other signs of the Leprosie as the slowness of the belly by reason of the heat of the liver often belchings by reason that the stomach is troubled by the reflux of a melancholick humor frequent sneezing by reason of the fulness of the brain to these this may be added most frequently Why their faces seem to be greasie that the face and all the skin is unctuous or greasie so that water poured thereon will not in any place adhere thereto I conceive it is by the internal heat dissolving the fat that lies under the skin which therefore alwaies looks as if it were greased or anointed therewith in leprous persons Now of these forementioned signs some are univocal that is which truly and necessarily shew the Leprosie other-some are equivocal or common that is which conduce as well to the knowledge of other diseases as this To conclude that assuredly is a Leprosie which is accompanied with all or certainly the most part of these fore-mentioned signs CHAP. VIII Of Prognostick in the Leprosie and how to provide for such as stand in fear thereof Why the Leprosie is incurable THe leprosie is a disease which passeth to the issue as contagious almost as the Plague scarce cureable at the beginning incureable when as it is confirmed because it is a Cancer of the whole body now if some one Cancer of some one part shall take deep root therein it is judged incureable Furthermore the remedies which to this day have been found out against this disease are judged inferiour and unequal in strength thereto Besides the signs of this disease do not outwardly shew themselves before that the bowels be seized upon possessed and corrupted by the malignity of the humor especially in such as have the white Leprosie sundry of which you may see about Burdeaux and in little Brittain who notwithstanding inwardly burn with so great heat that it will suddenly wrinkle and wither an apple held a short while in their hand as if it had laid for many daies in the sun There is another thing that increaseth the difficulty of this disease which is an equall pravity of the three principal faculties whereby life is preserved The deceitful and terrible visions in the sleep and numness in feeling argue the depravation of the animal faculty now the weakness of the vitall faculty is shewed by the weakness of the puls the obscurity of the hoarse and jarring voice the difficulty of breathing and stinking breath the decay of the natural is manifested by the depravation of the work of the liver in sanguification whence the first and principal cause of this harm ariseth The cure Now because we cannot promise cure to such as have a confirmed Leprosie and that we dare not do it to such as have been troubled therewith but for a short space it remains that we briefly shew how to free such as are ready to fall into so fearful a disease Such therefore must first of all shun all things in diet and course of life whereby the blood and humors may be too vehemently heated The Diet. whereof we have formerly made some mention Let them make choice of meats of good or indifferent juice such as we shall describe in treating of the diet of such as are sick of the plague purging bleeding bathing cupping to evacuate the impurity of the blood and mitigate the heat of the Liver shall be prescribed by some learned Physician Gelding good against the leprosie Valesius de Tarenta much commends gelding in this case neither do I think it can be disliked For men subject to this disease may be effeminated by the amputation of their testicles and so degenerate into a womanish nature and the heat of the liver boiling the blood being extinguished they become cold and moist which temper is directly contrary to the hot and dry distemper of leprous persons besides the leprous being thus deprived of the faculty of generation that contagion of this disease is taken away which spreadeth and is diffused amongst mankind by the propagation of their issue The end of the twentieth Book The ONE and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of Poysons and of the Biting of a mad Dog and the Bitings and Stingings of other venomous Creatures CHAP. I. The cause of writing this treatise of Poysons FIve reasons have principally moved me to undertake to write this Treatise of poysons ac-according to the opinion of the antients The first is that I might instruct the Surgeon what remedies must presently be used to such as are hurt by poysons in the interim whilst greater means may be expected from a Physician The second is that he may know by certain signs and notes such as are Poysoned or hurt by poysonous meats and so make report thereof to the judges or to such as it may concern The third is that those Gentlemen and others who live in the country and far from Cities and store of greater means may learn somthing by my labour by which they may help their friends bitten by an Adder mad Dog or other poysonous creature in so dangerous sudden and unusual a case The fourth is that every one may beware of poysons and know their symptoms when present that being known they may speedily seek for a remedy The fifth is that by this my labour all men may know what my good will is and now well minded I am towards the common-wealth in general and each man in particular to the glory of God I do not here so much arm malicious and wicked persons to hurt as Surgeons to provide to help and defend each mans life against poyson which they did not understand or at least seemed not so to do which taking this my labour in evil part have maliciously interpreted my meaning But now at length that we may come to the matter I will begin at the general division of poysons and then handle each species thereof severally but first let us give this Rule What is to be accounted poyson That poyson is that which either outwardly applied or struck in or inwardly taken into the body hath
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of Rose-water or Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stârax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâoction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then âet the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâââed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâsh his hands and his
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming ãâã not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 âphor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
excrements drawn unto the skin by the heat of the bath may break out the sweat cleansed let them use gentle frictions or walking then let him feed upon meat of good juice and easie digestion by reason that the stomach cannot but be weakned in some sort by the bath The quantity of meat is judged moderate the weight whereof shall not oppress the stomach Venery after bathing must not be used because to the resolution of the spirits by the bath it adds another new cause of further spending or dissipating them Some wish those that use the bath by reason of some contraction pain or other affects of the nerves presently after bathing to dawb or besmear the affected nervous part with the clay or mud of the bath that by making it up as it were in this place the virtue of the bath may work more effectually and may more throughly enter into the âffected part These cautions being diligently observed there is no doubt but the profit by baths will be great and wonderful the same things are to be observed in the use of stoves or hot-houses for the use and effects of baths and Hot-houses is almost the same which the antients therefore used by turn so that comming forth of the bath they entered a stove and called it also by the name of a bath as you may gather from sundry places of Galen in his Methodus med wherefore I think it fit in the next to speak of them CHAP. XLIII Of Stoves or Hot-houses SToves are either drye or moist Drye by raising a hot and drye aiery exhalation The differences of Stoves How made so to imprint their faculties in the body that it thereby waxeth hot and the pores being opened run down with sweat There are divers wayes to raise such an exhalation at Paris and wheresoever there are stoves or publick hot-houses they are raised by a clear fire put under a vaulted furnace whence it being presently diffused heats the whole room Yet every one may make himself such a stove as he shall judg best and fittest Also you may put red hot cogle-stones or bricks into a tub having first laid the bottom thereof with bricks or iron-plates and so set a seat in the midst thereof wherein the patient sitting well covered with a canopy drawn over him may receive the exhalation arising from the stones that are about him and so have the benefit of sweating but in this case we must oft look to and see the patient for it sometimes happens that some neglected by their keepers otherwise employed becoming faint and their sense failing them by the dissipation of their spirits by the force of the hot exhalation have sunk down with all their bodies upon the stones lying under them and so have been carried half dead and burnt into their beds Some also take the benefit of sweating in a fornace or oven as soon as bread is drawn out thereof But I do not much approve of this kinde of sweating because the patient cannot as he will much less as he pleaseth lye or turn himself therein The delineation of a bathing tub having a dâuble bottom with a vessel near thereto with pipes commiâg therefrom and entring between the two bottoms of the Tub. CHAP. XLIV Of Fuci that is washes and such things for the smoothing and beautifying of the skin THis following discourse is not intended for those women which addicted to filthy lust seek to beautify their faces as baits and allurements to filthy pleasures but it is intended for those only which the better to restrain the wandring lusts of their husbands may endeavour by art to take away those spots and deformities which have happened to fall on their faces either by accident or age The color that appears in the face either laudable or illaudable As the color of the skin is such is the humor that is thereunder abundantly shews the temper both of the body as also of those humors that have the chief dominion therein for every humor dyes the skin of the whole body but chiefly of the face with the color thereof for choler bearing sway in the body the face looks yellowish phlegm ruling it looks whitish or pale if melancholy exceed then blackish or swarth but if blood have the dominion the color is fresh and red Yet there are other things happening externally which change the native color of the face as sun-burning cold pleasure sorrow fear watching fasting pain old diseases the corruption of meats and drinks for the flourishing color of the cheeks is not only extinguished by the immoderate use of vineger but by drinking of corrupt waters the face becomes swoln and pale On the contrary laudable meats and drinks make the body to be well colored and comely for that they yeeld good juice and consequently a good habit Therefore if the spots of the face proceed from the plentitude and ill disposition of humors the body shall be evacuated by blood-letting if from the infirmity of any principal bowel that must first of all be strengthened but the care of all things belongs to the Physician we here only seek after particular remedies which may smooth the face and take away the spots and other defects thereof and give it a laudable colour Waters wherewith to wash the face First the face shall be washed with the water of lilly-flowers of bean-flowers water-lillies of distilled milk or else with the water wherein some barly or starch hath been steeped The dried face shall be anointed with the ointments presently to he described for such washing cleanseth and prepareth the face to receive the force of the ointments no otherwise then an alumed lye prepairs the hairs to drink up and retain the color that we desire Therefore the face being thus cleansed and prepared you may use the following medicines as those that have a faculty to beautifie extend and smooth the skin as Compound liquors wherewith to wash the face Virgins milk â gum tragacanth conquess Êii distemperentur in vase vitrio cum lb ii aquae communis sic gummi dissolventur inde albescet aqua Or else â lithargyri auri ⥠âi cerus salis câm an ⥠ss aceti aquae plantag an ⥠ii caphur Ê ss macerentur lithargyres cârusa in aceto seââsim per tres aut quatuor horas sal vero camphora in aqua quam instituto tuo aptam delegeris then filter them both several and mix them together being so filtered when as you would use them â lactis vaccini lb ii aranciorum et limon an nu iv saccari albissimi et alum roch an ⥠i. distillentur omnia simul let Lemmons and Oranges be cut into slices and then be infused in milk adding thereto the sugar and alum then let the mall be distilled together in balneo Mariae the water that comes thereof will make the face smooth and lovely Therefore about bed-time it will be good to cover the face with
linnen-clothes dipped therein A water also distilled of snails gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowers of white mullain mixed together in equal proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of Elm-leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â micae panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor nenuph. lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti âpt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitrâc fiat aqua ad faciei et manuum lotionem Or â olei de tartaro ⥠iii. mucag. sem psilii ⥠i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut ⥠i. ss borac sal gem an Ê i. fiat linimentum profacie Or â caponem vivum et caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu iv cerus lât in aq rosar ⥠ii boracis ⥠i ss camph. ⥠ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo The marrow of sheeps-bones good to smooth the face There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheeps-bones which smooths the roughness of the skin beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boiling beat them and so boil them in water when they are well boiled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swims upon it and there with anoint your face when as you go to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water How to make Sal ceâussa â salis ceruss Ê ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti ⥠i. malaxentur simul et fiat linimentum addendo olei ovor Ê ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Ceruss into very fine powder and infuse lb 1. thereof in a bottle of distilled vineger for four or five daies then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessel over a gentle fire until it concrete into salt just as you do the capitellum in making of cauteries â excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them all be incorporated in a marble morter and kept in a glass or silver vessel and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevails against the redness of the face if after the anointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloth moistened in the former described water â sul lim Êi argent viv saliv extinct Êii margarit non perforat Êi caph Ê i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur et fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aquâ myrti et desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde follorum auri et argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palm of your hand a little oyl of mastich or of sweet-almonds then presently in that oyl dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and again in the morning when you arise How to paint the face When the face is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheeks with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautiful color for this purpose take as much as you shall think fit of brasil and alchunet steep them in alum-water and therewith touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps-skin died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand only causeth a pleasing redness in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits GHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and cheeks Why worse in winter then in summar and oft-times all the face besides one while with a tumor otherwhiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixture of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacca This shews both more and more ugly in winter then in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skin so that the matter contained thereunder is bent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skin into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft-times not to be helped by medicine For the general method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstain from wine Diet. and from all things in general that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shun hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena frontis and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leeches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping-glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate Remedies the hardness shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physician shall think fit â succi citri ⥠iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum An approved ointment argenti vivi cum saliva et sulphure vivo extincti Ê ss incorporentur simul et fiat unguentum â boracis Êii farin ciser et fabar an Ê i ss caph Êi cum melle et succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantain-water and spread them upon linnen cloths and so apply them on the night-time to the affected parts and so let them oft-times be renewed â unguenti citrini recenter dispensati ⥠ii sulphuris vivi ⥠ss cum modico olei sem cucurb et succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be annointed when you go to bed in the morning let it be washed away with rose-water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vineger boiled with bran and rose-water and applied as before powerfully takes away the redness of the face â cerus litharg auri sulphuris vivi pulverisati an ⥠ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquae rosarum linnen cloths dipped herein shall be applied to the
Art and Craft is of chief use in Melancholy affects and fictions which are often more monstrous and deformed than the Chimera so much mentioned in the fables of the Ancients to which purpose I will not think much to recite two Examples A certain man troubled with a Melancholick disease I know not by what errour of opinion Examples had strongly perswaded himself that he was without a head the Physitians omitted nothing by which they might hope to take this mad opinion out of his mind But when they had in vain tryed all medicines at length they devised this crafty but profitable device They fastned and put upon his head a most heavy helmet that so by the pain and trouble of his head nodding and drawn down by that weight he might be admonished of his error It is reported another molested by the obscurity and darkness of the same disease did verily believe that he had horns upon his head neither could he be drawn or diverted from that absurd and monstrous opinion âât I that binding up his eyes they miserably bruised and scratched his forehead with the bony roughness of the lower parts of an Oxes horns that so he begun to believe by the painful drawing of the blood that ran down his face that those bloody horns were forcibly plucked from him Ingenious Chirurgeons in imitation of these examples may in like cases do the like For that case requires a man of a quick apprehension and advice A Physitian should be of a quick apprehension who may give manifest proof of his diligence and skill by medicinal stratagems as who forthwith can politickly devise stratagems of divers sorts But now coming to the end of this our tract of Indications we must chiefly and principally observe Indications indicative That of Indications some are Indicative which absolutely and of themselves command this to be done other co-indicative which indicate the same with the Indicative Co-indicative and joyntly shew it to be done but in some sort secondarily and not primitively Some are repugnant Repugnant Correpugnant which of themselves and their own nature perswade quite contrary to that the indicative primitively did perswade us other correpugnant which give their voice after the same form and manner with the repugnant against the indicative as the co-indicative consent to and maintain them Let this serve for an example of them all A Plethora or plenâtude of humors of its own nature requires and indicates blood-letting the Spring time perswades and co-indicates the same but to this counsel is quite opposite and repugnant a weak faculty and childhood is correpugnant Wherefore these four must be diligently weighed and considered when we deliberate what is to be done and we must rather follow that which the indicative or repugnant shew and declare as what the diseases and strength of the Patient require than that which the coindicative or correpugnant shall perswade because they have a weaker and but secundary power of indicating and not essential and primitive But because the kinds of Indications are so many and divers therefore that the knowledge of them may be more perspicuous and less confused I have thought good to describe and distinguish them by this following Scheme A Table of Indications An Indication is a certain plain and compendious way which leads the Chirurgeon to a certain determinate and prosed end for the cure of the present diseases of which there are three kinds The first is drawn from things Natural which indicate their preservation by their like of this kind are many other which are drawn either From the strength and faculties of the patient For whose preservation oftentimes the proper cure of the disease must be neglected for where these faââ it is impossible the Chirurgeon should perform what he desires and expects From the temperament as if the Patient shall be Sanguine Cholerick Flegmatick Melancholick Of preservation of which the Chirurgeon must have care and if they swerve from equality to reduce them to that which formerly they naturally were From the habit of the body as the Patient shall be Dainty and delicate Slender and weak Low of stature Rare or else dense and compact From the native condition of the hurt or affected part in which we consider either The Substance thereof as for as much as it is similar we consider whether it be hot cold moist dry or as it is organical and then whether it be a principal and noble part or a subordinate and ignoble part Or the sense whether quick or dull by reason whereof the eye cannot endure such sharp and acid medicines as simple flesh can Or the form figure magnitude number site connexion action use From the Age for each age yields his peculiar Indications hence you may observe most diseases to be incurable in old men which are easily cured in young others which in youth admit of no cure unless by the change of age and the ensuing temperament From Sex for medicines work upon women far more easily than upon men From the time of the year for some meats and medicines are fit in Winter some in Summer From the Region for as there are diversities of situations and habits of places so also there are motions of humors and manners of diseases hence it is that wounds on the head at Paris and sore shins at Avignion are more difficult to be cured From the times of diseases for some things in the beginning others in the increase state and declining of the disease are more convenient From the manner of diet for this as the proper temper must be preserved Wherefore such must be fed otherwise who live daintily than thâse who lead their lives sparingly and hardly Hereunto add certain peculiar natures which by a certain hidden property are offended at this or that kind of meat For there are some which not only cannot concoct Ptâisan Apples Soles Partridge Water and such like but can scarce behold them without nauseousness The second is drawn from things Not-natural which one while indicate their preservation by their like another while their change by their contrary for so If the Air have as it were conspired with the disease by a certain similitude of qualities to the destruction of the Patient it must be corrected by its contraries according to Art But if by the disagreement of qualities it resist the disease it must be kept in the same temper The third from things contrary to nature which shew they must be taken away by the use of their contraries as The disease the Indication being drawn from these The greatness The complication or commixtion with other so In âmplicit or mixed diseases we may draw Indications from these three heads From that which is most urgent From the cause and From that without which the disease cannot be taken away such are Bitterness of pain a defluxion into a part a Varix or big-swollen vein a distemperature if they be joyned with a
the evacuation of the conjunct matter Galen by a dream cures the Sciatica by the artery the Anckle of the same side being opened yet because it was not cut for this purpose but happened only by chance I judged it was not much dissenting from this argument Pliny writes that there was one named Phalereus which casting up blood at his mouth and at the length medicines nothing availing being weary of his life went unarmed in the front of the battel against the Enemy and there receiving a wound in his breast shed a great quantity of blood which gave an end to his spitting of blood the wound being healed and the vein which could not contain the blood being condensate At Paris Anno 1572. in July a certain Gentleman being of a modest and curteous cariage fell into a continual Feaver and by that means became Frantick moved with the violence of which he cast himself headlong out of a window two stories high and fell first upon the shoulder of Valterra the Duke of Alenzons Physitian and then upon the pavement with which fall he cruelly bruised his ribs and hip but was restored to his former judgment and reason There were present with the Patient besides Valterra witnesses of this accident these Physitians Alexis Magnus Duretus and Martinus The same happened in the like disease and by the like chance to a certain Gascoyn lying at the house of Agrippa in the Paved street Othomannus Doctor of Physick of Monpelier and the King's Professor told me that a certain Carpenter at Broquer a village in Switzerland being frantick cast himself headlong out of an high window into a river and being taken out of the water was presently restored to his understanding The cause of the last recited cures But if we may convert casualties into counsel and Art I would not cast the Patients headlong out of a window But would rather cast them sodainly and thinking of no such thing into a great cistern filled with cold water with their heads foremost neither would I take them out until they had drunk a good quantity of water that by that sodain fall and strong fear the matter causing the Frenzy might be carryed from above downwards from the noble parts to the ignoble the possibility of which is manifest by the forecited examples as also by the example of such as bit by a mad Dog fearing the water are often ducked into it to cure them CHAP. XXIV Of certain juggling and deceitful ways of Curing HEre I determin to treat of those Impostors who taking upon them the person of a Chirurgeon do by any means either right or wrong put themselves upon the works of the Art but they principally boast themselves amongst the ignorant common sort of setting bones which are out of joynt and broken Sciences are not hereditary affirming as falsly as impudently that they have knowledg of those things from their Ancestors as by a certain hereditary right which is a most ridiculous fiction for our minds when we are born is as a smooth table upon which nothing is painted Otherwise what need we take such labour and pains to acquire and exercise Sciences God hath endued all brute beasts with an inbred knowledge of certain things necessary for to preserve their life more than man But on the contrary he hath enriched him with a wit furnished with incredible celerity and judgment by whose diligent and laborious fatigation he subjects all things to his knowledg For it is no more likely that any man should have skill in Chirurgery because his father was a Chirurgeon than that one who never endured sweat dust nor Sun in the field should know how to ride and govern a great Horse and know how to carry away the credit in tilting only because he was begot by a Gentleman and one famous in the Art of War A most impudent sort of Impostors There is another sort of Impostors far more pernicious and less sufferable boldly and insolently promising to restore to their proper unity and seat bones which are broken and out of joynt by the only murmuring of some conceited charms so that they may but have the Patients name and his girdle In which thing I cannot sufficiently admire the idleness of our Countreymen so easily crediting so great and pernicious an error not observing the inviolable law of the ancient Physitians and principally of Divine Hippocrates by which it is determined that three things are necessary to the setting of bones dislocated and out of joynt to draw the bones asunder to hold the bone receiving firmly immoveable with a strong and steddy hand to put the bone to be received into the cavity of the receiving For which purpose the diligence of the Ancients hath invented so many Engines Three things necessary for the cure of a Luxation Glossocomies and Bands lest that the hand should not be sufficient for that laborious work What therefore is the madness of such Impostors to undertake to do that by words which can scarse be done by the strong hands of so many Servants and by many artificial Engines Of late years another kind of Imposture hath sprung up in Germany they beat into fine powder a stone which in their mother tongue they call Bemâruch and give it in drink to any who have a bone broken or dislocated and affirm that it is sufficient to cure them Through the same Germany there wander other Impostors who bid to bring to them the Weapon with which any is hurt they lay it up in a secret place and free from noise and put and apply medicines to it as if they had the patient to dress and in the mean time they suffer him to go about his business and impudently affirm that the wound heals by little and little by reason of the medicine applyed to the weapon But it is not likely that a thing in animate which is destitute of all manner of sense should feel the effect of any medicine and less probable by much that the wounded party should receive any benefit from thence Neither if any should let me see the truth of such juggling by the events themselves and my own eyes would I therefore believe that it were done naturally and by reason but rather by Charms and Magick In the last assault of the Castle of Hisâin the Lord of Martigues the elder was shot through the breast with a Musket bullet I had him in cure together with the Physitians and Chrirurgeons of the Emperour Charles the fifth and Emanuel Phiârt the Duke of Savoy who because he entirely loved the wounded prisoner caused an Assembly of Physitians and Chirurgeons to consult of the best means for his cure They all were of one opinion that the wound was deadly and incurable because it passed through the midst of his lungs and besides had cast forth a great quantitv of knotted blood into the hollowness of his breast There was found at that time a certain Spaniard
brute Beasts as Pliny affirmeth The infallible vertue of the herb Dictammus in drawing darts out of the flesh was taught us by the Hart who wounded with the Huntsman's darts or arrows by means hereof draws out the weapons which remain sticking in her Which is likewise practised by the Goats of Candy as Aristotle writeth The wonderful effect which Celandine hath upon the sight was learnt by the practice of Swallows who have been observed with it to have besmeared and so strengthened the eyes of their young Serpents rub their eye-lids with fennel and are thought by that means to quicken and restore the decaying sight of their eyes The Tortois doth defend and strengthen her self against the biting of Vipers by eating of savory Bears by eating of Pismires expel that poison that they have contracted by their use of Mandrakes And for correction of that drousiness and sloth which grows upon them by their long sleep in their dens The craftiness of Bears they eat the herb of Aron i. Cuckopint But the Art they use in the enticing and catching of Pismires is very pretty they go softly to the holes or hils of the Pismires and there lay themselves all their length upon the ground as if they were dead hanging out their tongue wet with their foam which they draw not again into their mouth before they feel them full of Pismires which are enticed by the sweetness of the foam And having taken this as a purging medicine they expel by the guts those ill humors wherewith they were offended We see that Dogs give themselves a vomit by eating a kind of grass which is from thence called Dog-grass Swine when they find themselves sick will hunt after smalt or river-lobsters Stockdoves Blackbirds and Partridges purge themselves by Bay-leaves Pigeons Turtles and all sort of Pullen disburden themselves of gross humors by taking of Pellitory of the wall The bird Ibis the first inventer or shewer of Clysters The invention of removing a Cataract The invention of Phlebotomy The Bird Ibis being not much unlike the Stork taught us the use of Clysters For when he finds himself oppressed with a burden of hurtful humors he fills his bill with salt-water and so purgeth himself by that part by which the belly is best discharged The invention of the way of removing the Cataract of the eye we must yield unto the Goat who by striking by chance against the thorny bushes pulls off the Cataract which hinders the sight and covers the ball of the eye and so recovers his sight The benefit of Phlebotomy we owe unto the Hippotamus or River-horse being a kind of horse and the Inhabitant of the River Nilus who being a great devourer when he finds himself surcharged with a great deal of blood doth by rubbing his thigh against the sharp sands on the bankside open a vein whereby the superfluous bloud is discharged which he stoppeth likewise when it is fit by rowling himself in the thick mud The Tortois having chanced to eat any of the flesh of a Serpent doth make Origanum and Marjoram her Antidote The Ancients found help from brute beasts A preservative against thunder even against the dreadful and non-sparing force of lightning for they were of opinion that the wings of an Eagle were never struck with lightning and therefore they put about their heads little wreaths of these feathers They were perswaded the same thing of the Seal or Sea-calf and therefore were wont to encompass their bodies with his skin as a most certain safe-guard against lightening It were a thing too long and laborious to speak of all those other muniments of life and health observed here and there by Aristotle and Pliny which we have learnt of brute beasts I will therefore end this Chapter after that I have first added this That we are beholding to Beasts not only for the skill of curing diseases and of preservation of health but for our food our rayment and the ornament and beautifying of our bodies Of the Faculty of brute Beasts in presaging THe first knowledg and skill of Prognostication and observation of weather by the Air was first delivered unto us from Beasts of the land and water and from Fowl What the butting of Rams signifies For we see in dayly observation that it is a sign of change of weather when Lambs and Rams do butt at one another with their horns and playing wantonly do kick and keep up their heels The same is thought to be presaged when the Ox licks himself against the hair and on the sodain fils the Air with his lowing and smels to the ground and when he feeds more greedily than he used to do But if the Pismires in great multitudes fetch their prey so hastily Presages of rain that they run and tumble one upon another in their narrow paths it is thought a sign of rain As is also the busie working of Moals and the Cats rubbing and stroaking of her head and neck and above her ears with the bottom of her feet Also when Fishes play and leap a little above the water it is taken for a sign of rain But if the Dolphins do the same in the Sea and in great companies The sign at Sea of a storm at hand it is thought to presage a sodain storm and tempest Whereby the Mariners fore-warned use all care possible for the safety of themselves and their ships and if they can cast Anchor And it is sufficiently known what the louder croaking of Frogs than ordinary portends But the faculty of Birds in this kind of presaging is wonderful If Cranes flie through the air without noise it is a sign of fair weather and of the contrary if they make a great noise and flie straglingly As also if Sea-fowl flie far from the Sea and light on the land The cry or scrieching of Owls portends a change of the present weather whether foul or fair Plutarch saith that the loud cawing of the Crow betokens winds and showers as also when he slaps his side with his wings Geese and Ducks when they dive much and order and prune and pick their feathers with their beaks and cry to one another fore-tel rain and in like manner Swallows when they flie so low about the water that they wet themselves and their wings And the Wren when he is observed to sing more sweetly than usual and to hop up and down And the Cock when he chants or rather crows presently after the setting of the Sun And Gnats and Fleas when they bite more then ordinary If the Hern soar aloft into the air it betokeneth fair weather if on the contrary he flie close by the water rain If Pigeons come late home to the Dove-house it is a sign of rain If Bats fly in the evening they fore-shew wet weather And lastly the Crocodile lays her egs in that place The Crocodile by laying her egs shews the bounds of the River Nilus which must be
be more certain concerning this Allantoides having passed through the two former coats I came to the Infant and I put a quill into its Bladder and blew it up as forcibly as I could so to try if by that blowing I might force the air into that coat which we questioned as some have written But neither thus could I drive any air from hence through the navel into the controverted coat but rather I found it to fly out of the bladder by the privities Wherefore I am certainly perswaded that there is no Allantoides Moreover I could never find nor see in the navel that passage called the Urachus which they affirm to be the beginning and original of the coat Allantoides But if it be granted that there is no such coat as the Allantoides what discommodity will arise hereof specially seeing the sweat and urine of the Infant may easily and without any discommodity be received collected and contained in the same coat by reason of the small difference which is between them But if any object That the urine by its sharpness and touching will hurt the Infant I will answer there can be no so great sharpness in the urine of so small an Infant and that if that there be any it is tempered by the admixture of the gentle vapor of sweat Besides if you consider or have regard to the use of such an humor which is to hold up the child lest by its weight it break the ties by which it is bound to the womb we shall find no humor more fit for this purpose than this serous as which by its thickness is much more fit to bear up a weight than the thin and too liquid Sweat For so we see the Sea or salt-Salt-water carries greater weights without danger of drowning than fresh Rivers do Wherefore I conclude that there is no need that the urine should be kept and contained in one coat and the sweat in another The Ancients who have writ otherwise have written from observations made in Beasts Wherefore we make but only two coats the Chorion and Amnios the one of which seeing it contains the other they both so encompass the child that they vest it on every side Fallopius in some sort seems to be of this opinion for he only makes two coats the Chorion and Amnios but he thinks the Infant makes the water into a certain part of the Chorion as you may perceive by reading of his Observations Both these coats are tyed between themselves by the intercourse of most slender nervous fibers and small vessels penetrating from the outer Chorion to the inner Amnios Wherefore unless you warily handle these coats you may easily tear the Amnios in separating it They are of the same temper with other membranes Their temper and use Their use is different for the Chorion is made both for the preservation of the vessels which it receives from the womb for the generating of the umbilical veins and arteries as also to keep whole and safe the parts which it invests But the Amnios is to receive and contain the excrementitious and serous humors which the childe shut up in the womb is accustomed to evacuate But this coat is very thin and soft but strong and smooth lest by its touch it might hurt the Infant whereupon it is called the Lambskin-coat CHAP. XXXV Of the Navel THe Navel follows these coats It is a white body What the Navel is somewhat resembling the wreathen cord or girdle of the Franciscan-friers but that it hath not the knots standing so far out but only swelling in certain places resembling a knot only lifted up on one side it arises and takes its original from a fleshy mass The Navel is the center of the body which we expressed by the name of swelling Cotyledones and goes into the midst of the lower belly of the Infant yea verily into the midst of the whole body whose root it is therefore said to be For even as a tree by the root sucks nourishment from the earth so the Infant in the Womb draws its nourishment by the Navel The greatness of it in breadth and thickness equals the bigness of the little finger But it is a foot and a half long so that children are brought forth with it encompassing their middle neck arms The figure and composure or legs The figure of it is round It is composed of two Arteries one vein and two coats It hath these vessels from that great multitude of capillary veins and arteries which are seen dispersed over the Chorion Wherefore the vein entring in at the Navel penetrates from thence into the hollow part of the Liver where divided into two according to Galens opinion Lib. de format foetus in utero it makes the gate and hollow-veins But the arteries carryed by themselves the length of the Navel cast themselves into the Iliacae which they make as also all other that from thence the vital spirit may be carryed by them over all the Infant It hath its two coats from the Chorion But seeing they are mutually woven and conjoyned without any medium and are of a sufficient strength and thickness over all the Navel they may seem to make the Infants external skin and fleshy Pannicle I know very many reckon two Umbilical veins as also arteries and the Urachus by or through which the Urine flows into the coat Allantoides There is only one Vein in a childs Navel but no Urachus But because this is not to be found in Women but only Beasts I willingly omit it because I do not intend to mention any parts but such as belong to humane bodies Yet if there be any which can teach me that these parts which I think proper to brute beasts are to be found in women I will willingly confess that to his credit from whom I have reaped such benefit The other things that may be required concerning the Navel as of its number site connexion temper and use may easily appear by that we have spoken before For we have apparently set down the use when we said the Navel was made for that purpose that the Infant may be nourished by it as the tree by the root by reason of the continuation of the vessels thereof with the preparing spermatick vessels made by God for that purpose To whom be honor and glory for ever and ever Amen The End of the third Book The FOURTH BOOK Treating of the Vital parts contained in the CHEST The PREFACE HAving finished the first Book of our Anatomy in explanation of the natural parts contained in the lower Belly Now order requires that we treat of the Brest that so the parts in some sort already explained I mean the Veins and Arteries may be dispatched after the same order and manner without interposition of any other matter And besides also that we may the more exactly and chearfully shew the rest of the parts which remain as the Head and Limbs knowing already
in the form of a semicircle The magnitude of the upper ventricles of the Brain whose horns look or bend outwards They are spacious and large because it was meet the Spirits contained there together with their excrements should be there purified and clensed but in other Ventricles the pure and already elaborate spirits are only received These Ventricles are white and smooth in their inner superficies but that on each side they have an extuberancy at the midst of the semicircle situate at the basis of the Pillar of the middle Ventricle towards the Nose under the Septum lucidum or clear Partition severing or parting in sunder these two Ventricles The Septum Lucidum The Septum lucidum or clear or thin partition is nothing else than a portion of the Brain indifferently solid but very clear that so through this partition the animal spirits contained in these two Ventricles may mutually pass and be communicated and yet no other grosser substance may pierce the thin density thereof The third Figure represents the Cerebellum with the wormy processes separated from it AB The right and left part of the After-brain CD the Anterior and Posterior regions of the middle part of the After-brain E the anterior wormy process F the posterior wormy process GG in this place the After-brain did grow to the spinal marrow H the cavity in the spinal marrow maketh the fourth ventricle IK the Anterior and Posterior processes of the Brain called vermi-formes or the wormy-processes Why the Palsie of one side is not presently communicated to the other Wherefore it is not to be feared that the water contained in one of the Ventricles may pass to the other through this partition as I have oft-times observed to the great admiration of the spectators in the dead bodies of such as dyed of the Palsie in which I have found the ventricle of that side which was taken with the Palsie much dilated according to the quantity of the water contained therein the other being either wholly empty and without any or certainly no fuller than in any other dead through any other occasion For some affirm that there is a certain kind of waterish moisture alwayes to be found in the Ventricles which may be made by the condensation of the Animal Spirits by the force of the deadly cold But these two first Ventricles of the Brain go into one common passage as both the bellows of a fornace whereby the spirit instructed with the species of things goes into the under or middle Ventricle from the former In these same first Ventricles the Plexus Choroides is to be considered and in like manner the passage by which the grosser excrements are driven or sent into the pituitary Glandule This Plexus Chorides is nothing else The Plexus Choroides but a production of the Pia mater diversly folded with the mutual implication of veins and arteries woven in the form of a Net These vessels are of magnitude and capacity sufficient both to yield life and nourishment to that particle to which they are fastened as also for the generation of the Animal spirits as which take fit matter from the veins stretched forth into the same Plexus the hind-artery and vein Torcular and also from the air entring into the Brain by the mamillary processes The Processus Mamillares But the Mamillary processes are certain common ways for conveyance of the air and smells into the Brain and carrying of excrements from the Brain For thus in them who have the Catarrhe and Coriza or Pose neither the air nor smels can penetrate into the Brain whence frequent sneesings ensue the Brain strongly moving it self to the expulsion of that which is troublesome to it But of the excrements of the Brain whether bred there or proceeding from some other part some are of a fumid and vaporous nature which breathe insensibly through the Sutures of the skull Others are gross and viscid of which a great part is expelled by both these productions or through each of them For thus in the Pose you may see some who have one of their Nostrils stopt the other running and some who have both obstructed The use of the upper ventricles of the Brain The most proper benefit of the two first Ventricles of the Brain is to entertain the Phantasie as in a convenient seat and habitation seeing the mind there estimates and disposes in order the species of things brought in from the external senses that so it may receive a true judgment of them from reason which resides in the middle Ventricle The third Ventricle is seated between the hindermost extremities of the former Ventricles The seat of the third ventricle of the Brain and the last Ventricle of the Cerebellum In this six parts present themselves to our consideration that is the Psalloides or Arch the Conarium or pine Glandule the Buttocks wormlike produductions the Bason and Passage which is from this middle into the last and hindmost ventricle The parts to be considered in it The Psalloides or Arch is nothing else but the cover of the middle ventricle resembling a roof born up with three stays or pillars the one whereof is extended to the Nose under the Septum lucidum the two other on each side one look toward the back-part of the Brain This is the reason of this figure which is outwardly convex and inwardly concave to wit What the Fornix or Arch is and the use thereof that there might be free space for that motion which the Animal spirit inwardly produces and besides that it might more easily sustain the burden of the Brain lying upon it For an arched figure is the most convenient of all other to sustain a weight The Conarium or Pine-glandule is a small Glandule of the same substance with the Brain What the Conarium or pine-Glandule is round and somewhat long like a Pine-Apple from whence it hath the name this Glandule is seated over against a small hole which descends to the lowest ventricle It hath this use to strengthen the division of the vessels led thither with the production of the Pia mater for the generation of the Animal spirits and the life and nourishment of the Brain The Nates or Buttocks are subjected or placed under this Glandule that is What the Nates or Buttocks are bodies of a solid and white substance drawn out in length like a childs Buttocks especially in Beasts and chiefly in a sheep These Buttocks have such a solid substance that so they may keep open and free the passage or channel that runs down from the middle to the lower ventricle by means of which the Brain participates with the Cerebellum The Worm is a production of the Cerebellum or After-brain to wit What the worm is a portion of the same being in the top or beginning and as it were in the entrance thereof being like many little circles or wheels mutually knit together
transpiration or by the moisture of the skin The unputrid Synochus or by a sweat natural gentle and not ill smelling to this Diary we may refer the unputrid Synochus generated of bloud not putrid but only heated beyond measure For usually there arises a great heat over all the body by means of the bloud immoderately heated whence the veins become more tâmid the face appears fiery the Eyes red and burning the breath hot and to conclude the whole habit of the body more full by reason of that ebullition of the bloud and the diffusion of the vapours thence arising over all the body Whence it is that this kind of Synochus may be called a vaporous Feaver To this Children are incident as also all sanguine bodies which have no ill humors The cure of this and the Ephemera or Diary is the same because it may scarse seem different from the Ephemera in any other thing than that it may be prolonged for three or four dayes Wherefore whatsoever we shall say for the cure of the Ephemera may be applyed to the Synochus bloud-letting excepted which in an unputrid Synochus is very necessary Now the cure of a Diary-Feaver consists in the decent use of things not natural The cure of a Diary Feaver contrary to the the cause of a disease wherefore bathes of warm and natural water are very profitable so that the Patient be not Plethorick nor stuft with excrements nor obnoxious to Catarrhs and defluxions because a Catarrh is easily caused and augmented by the humors diffused and dissolved by the heat of a Bath therefore in this case we must eschew frictions and anointing with warm Oil which things notwithstanding are thought very useful in these kinds of Feavers especially when they have their original from extreme labour by astriction of the skin or a Bubo Let this be a general rule that to every cause whence this Feaver proceeded you oppose the contrary for a remedy as to labour rest to watching sleep to anger and sorrow grateful society of friends and all things replenished with pleasant good will and to a Bubo the proper cure thereof The use of Wine in a Diary Wine moderately tempered with water according to the custom of the sick Patient is good and profitable in all causes of this Feaver except he be pained in his head or that the Feaver drew its original from anger or a Bubo for in this last case especially the patient must abstain wholly from Wine until the inflammation come to the state and begins to decline This kind of Feaver often troubles Infants and then you must prescribe such medicines to their Nurses as if they were sick that so by this means their milk may become medicinable Also it will be good to put the Infant himself into a Bath of natural and warm water and presently after the Bath to anoint the ridg of the Back and Brest with Oyl of Violets But if a Phlegmon possess any inward part or otherwise by its nature be great or seated near any principal Bowel so that it may continually send from it either a putrid matter or exhalation to the heart and not only affect it by a quality of preternatural heat by the continuity of the parts thence will arise the putrid Synochus if the blood by contagion putrefying in the greater vessels consists of one equal mixture of the four humors This Feaver is thus chiefly known How a putrid Synochus is caused it hath no exacerbations or remissions but much less intermissions it is extended beyond the space of twenty four hours neither doth it then end in vomit sweat moisture or by little and little insensible transpiration after the manner of intermitting Feavers or Agues but remains constant until it leaves the Patient for altogether it commonly happens not unless to those of a good temper and complexion which abound with much bloud and that tempered by an equal mixture of the four humors It commonly indures not long because the bloud by some peculiar putrefaction degenerating into Choler or Melancholy will presently bring forth another kind of Feaver to wit a Tertian or continued Quartain Phlebotomy necessary in a putrid Synochus The cure of this Feaver as I have heard of most learned Physitians chiefly consists in blood-letting For by letting of bloud the fulness is diminished and therefore the obstruction is taken away and lastly the putrefaction And seeing that in this kind of Feaver there is not only a fault of the matter by the putrefaction of the bloud but also of the Temper by excess of heat certainly Phlebotomy helps not only as we said the putrefaction but also the hot distemper For the bloud in which all the heat of the creature is contained whilst it is taken away the acrid and fuliginous excrements exhale and vanish away with it which kept in encrease the Feaverish heat Moreover the veins to shun emptiness which Nature abhors are filled with much cold air in stead of the hot bloud which was drawn away which follows a cooling of the habit of the whole body yea and many by means of Phlebotomy have their Bellies loosed and sweat both which are much to be desired in this kind of Feaver What benefit we may reap by drawing bloud even to fainting This moved the ancient Physitians to write that we must draw bloud in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their bloud it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much bloud at several times as the greatness of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may bear Why we must give a Clyster presently after bloud-letting When you have drawn bloud forthwith inject an emollient and refngerative Clyster lest that the veins emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these Clysters which cool too much rather bind the belly than loose it The following day the Morbisick matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle Purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrups which have not only a refrigerative quality When Syrrups profitable in this case but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrup of Limmons Berberries of the Juyce of Citrons of Pomgranates Sorrel and Vinegar Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much bloud let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heat much debilitated by drawing of great quantity of bloud cannot equal a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with Chicken and Veal Broths made with cooling Herbs as Sorrel Lettice and Purslin Let his drink be Barly-water Syrrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boyled water Julepum Alexandrium especially if he be troubled with scouring or lask But the Physitian must chiefly have regard to the fourth day for if then
vel unguenti and there may be use of a resolving and repercussive Ointment as â plumbi usti loti pomphol thuris an Ê ij ss absinth pontic ⥠ss olei rosarum ⥠iij ceraeÊ vi succi solani quantum sufficit ad unguenti crassitudinem They very much commend Theodoricks Emplaister to asswage the pain of ulcerated Cancers â olei ros cerae all an ⥠ii ss succi granat solani an ⥠ij cerusae lotae ⥠i plumbi usti loti Theodoricks Emplaisters tuthiae prapar an ⥠ss thuris mastich an Ê ij fiat empl molle This following Ointment I have often used with good success â Theriac veter ⥠i succi cancrorum ⥠ss succi lactucae olei rosar an ⥠i ss vitel ovorum sub cinerib coct ij camphor Ê ss pistentur omnia in mertario plumb fiat ungentum â Spum argent axungiae porci recentis cerae alb an lb ss olei boni ⥠viij vitel ovorum assat iiij fiat unguent servetur usui And when you will use it mix it with a little Ointment of Roses Leaches The application of Whelps Chickens c. I have also mitigated great pain by applying Leaches to an unulcerated Cancer in that part where the torment was most vehement by disburdening the part of some portion of the malign humor which same thing I have done by application of young Whelps or Pigeons or Chickens cut long-ways and presently applyed to the ulcer and now and then changed assoon as their heat seems dissolved and others applyed for the natural heat in an Anodyne or mitigating medicine Epist 21. The Estate of Erysimum John Baptista Theodosius in his Epistles writes that a cataplasm of the herb Erisimum or Cadlock being beaten is very good to be applyed to a Cancer not ulcerated but if the Cancer be ulcerated he boils this same herb in Hydromel and so by injections and lotions cleanses the ulcer The signs of the Cancer in the womb and mitigates the pain If the Cancer affect the womb the Patient feels the pricking of the pain in the groin above the pecten and in the Kidneys and is often troubled with a difficulty of making water but when it is ulcerated it pours forth filth or matter exceeding stinking and carion-like and that in great plenty the filthy vapour of which carryed up to the heart and brain causes often swounding Now to mitigate the pains of such like places the following medicines are of good use â Mucag. semin lini faenugr extract in aqua rosar plantaginis quod satis est Of this being warm make a fomentation â Rad. Altheae lb ss coquatur in hydromelite pistetur trajiciatur addendo ol rosar parum fiat Caplasma Also you shall make divers pessaries according to the different kinds of pain also make injections of the juyce of Plantain Knot-grass Lettuce Purslain mixed together and agitated or laboured in a leaden Mortar with a little Oyl of Roses for this kind of medicine is commended by Galen in every kind of ulcerated Cancers Also this following Water is very profitable Lib. 9. Simpl. and often proved by me â Stercoris bubuli lb iiij herbae Roberti plantag sempervivi hyoscyami portulac l. ctuc. endiv. an m. i. cancros fluviatiles num xij Let them be all beaten together and distilled in a leaden Alembick keep the liquor for use and with it make often injection into the part or if the site of the part will permit let the cancerous ulcers be washed therewith and pledgets of lint steeped therein be applyed and renewed ever and anon for so the acrimony and force of the inflammation is retunded and the pain asswaged Galen beats into powder River-Crabs burnt Lib. 4. de comp med secundum gen the powder mixed with Ointment of Roses is most profitably applyed upon lint to cancerous Ulcers It will be very convenient to put into the neck of the womb the following Instrument made of Gold or Silver whereby the cancerous filth may have free and safe passage forth and the filthy and putredinous vapours may more easily breathe forth Therefore let it be hollow quite through some five or six fingers long and about the bigness of ones thumb at the upper end perforated with many holes whereby the filth may have passage forth Let the outer or lower end be some two fingers thick in the circumference make it with a neat spring that may hold that end open more or less according to the Physitians mind let there be two strings or laces put unto it by which being tyed before and behind to the rowler with which the woman shall girt her loins the Device may be kept from falling as your may see in the following figure A Vent made like a Pessary for the Womb affected with a cancerous Ulcer A Shews the upper end perforated with five or six holes B The lower end C That part of the end which is opened by the spring which is marked with the Letter D. EE The strings or laces Neither is that remedy for not ulcerated Cancers to be contemned which consists of a Plate of lead besmeared with Quick-silver for Galen himself testifies Lib. 6. simp Plates of Lead that Lead is a good medicine for malign and inveterate ulcers But Guido Cauliacensis is a witness of ancient credit and learning that such plates of lead rubbed over with Quick-silver A History to such malign ulcers as contemn the force of other medicins are as it were Antidotes to waste and overcome their malignity and evil nature This kind of remedy when it was prescribed by that most excellent Physitian Hollerius who commanded me to apply it to the Lady of Montigni Maid of Honour to the Queen-mother troubled with a Cancer in her left brest which equalled the bigness of a Walnut did not truly throughly heal it yet notwithstanding kept it from further growth Wherefore at length growing weary of it when she had committed herself to a certain Physitian boldly promising her quick help she tryed with loss of her life how dangerous and disadvantagious the cure of Cancer was which is undertaken according to the manner of healing other ulcers for this Physitian when he had cast away this our medicin and had begun the cure with mollifying heating and attractive things the pain inflammation and all the other symptoms encreasing the tumor grew to that bigness that being the humor drawn thither could not be contained in the part it self it stretched the brest forth so much that it broke it in the middle just as a Pomgranate cleaves when it comes to its full maturity whereupon an immoderate flux of bloud followed for staying whereof he was forc't to strew caustick powders thereon but by this means the inflamation and pain becoming more raging and swoundings coming upon her she poor Soul in stead of her promised Health yielded up her Ghost in the Physitians bosom CHAP. XXXI Of the
by accident by reason of the humor contained therein moistening and relaxing all the adjacent parts the humor contained here lifts up the skull somewhat more high especially at the meetings of the Sutures which you may thus know because the Tumor being pressed the humor flies back into the secret passage of the Brain To conclude the pain is more vehement the whole head more swollen the fore-head stands somewhat further out the eye is fixt and immoveable and also weeps by reason of the serous humor sweating out of the Brain Vesalius writes that he saw a Girl of two years old A History whose head was thicker than any man's head by this kind of Tumor and the skull not bony but membranous as it useth to be in Abortive-births and that there was nine pound of water ran out of it Abucrasis tells that he saw a child whose head grew every day bigger by reason of the watery moisture contained therein till at length the tumor became so great that his neck could not bear it neither standing nor sitting so that he died in a short time I have observed and had in cure four children troubled with this disease one of which being dissected after it died had a Brain no bigger than a Tennis Ball. But of a Tumor and humor contained within under the Cranium or Skull I have seen none recover but they are easily healed of an external Tumor Therefore whether the humor lye under the Pericranium or under the musculous skin of the head it must first be assailed with resolving medicines but if it cannot be thus overcome you must make an Incision taking heed of the Temporal Muscle and thence press out all the humor whether it resemble the washing of flesh newly killed or blackish bloud or congealed or knotted bloud as when the tumor hath been caused by contusion then the wound must be filled with dry lint and covered with double boulsters and lastly bound with a fitting ligature CHAP. II. Of a Polypus being an eating disease in the Nose The reason the name THe Polypus is a Tumor of the Nose against Nature commonly arising from the Os Ethmoides or Spongy-Bone It is so called because it resembles the feet of a Sea Polypus in figure and the flesh thereof in consistence This Tumor stops the Nose intercepting and hindering the liberty of speaking and blowing the Nose Lib. 6. cap. 8. Celsus saith the Polypus is a caruncle of excresence one while white another while reddish which adhere to the Bone of the Nose and sometimes fills the Nostrils hanging towards the lips sometimes it descends back through that hole by which the spirit descends from the Nose to the Throttle it grows so that it may be seen behind the Uvula The differences hereof and often strangles a man by stopping his breath There are five kinds thereof the first is a soft membrane long and thin like the relaxed and depressed Uvula hanging from the middle gristle of the Nose being filled with a phlegmatick and viscid humor This in exspiration hangs out of the Nose but is drawn in and hid by inspiration it makes one snaffle in their speech and snort in their sleep The second hath hard flesh bred of Melancholy bloud without adustion which obstructing the nostrils intercepts the respiration made by that part The third is flesh hanging from the Gristle round and soft being the off-spring of Phlegmatick bloud The fourth is a hard Tumor like flesh which when it is touched yields a sound like a stone it is generated of Melancholy bloud dryed being somewhat of the nature of a Scirrhus confirmed and without pain The fifth is as it were composed of many cancrous ulcers spred over the transverse surface of the gristle Which of them admit no manual operation Of all these sorts of Polypi some are not ulcerated others ulcerated which send forth a stinking and strong smelling filth Such of them as are painful hard resisting and which have a livid or leaden colour must not be touched with the hand because they savour of the Nature of a Cancer as into which they often degenerate yet by reason of the pain which oppresses more violently you may use the Anodyne medicines formerly described in a Cancer such as this following An Anodyne â Olei de vitell ovorum ⥠ij Lytharg auri Tuthiae praep an ⥠i succi plat solani an ⥠i ss Lapid haematit camphorae an ⥠ss Let them be wrought a long time in a Leaden Mortar and so make a medicine to be put into the nostrils Those which are soft loose and without pain are sometimes curable being plucked away with an Instrument made for that purpose or else wasted by actual cauteries put in through a pipe so that they touch not the sound part or by potential cauteries as Egyptiacum composed of equal parts of all the simples with Vitriol which hath a faculty to waste such like flesh Why it must be taken clear away Aqua fortis and Oyl of Vitriol have the same faculty for these take away a Polypus by the roots for if any part there remain it will breed again But Cauteries and acrid medicines must be put into the Nostrils with this Caution that in the mean time cold repelling and astringent medicines be applyed to the Nose and parts about it to asswage the pain and hinder the inflammation Such as are Unguentum de bolo and Unguentum nutritum whites of Eggs beaten with Rose-leaves and many other things of the like nature CHAP. III. Of the Parotides that is Certain swellings about the Ears What it is THe Parotis is a Tumor against Nature affecting the Glandules and those parts seated behind and about the Ears which are called the Emunctories of the brain for these because they are loose and spongy The differences are fit to receive the excrements thereof Of these some are critical the matter of the disease somewhat digested being sent thither by the force of Nature Others Symptomatical Their Signs and Symptoms the excrements of the Brain increased in quantity or quality rushing thither of their own accord Such abscesses often have great inflammation joyned with them because the biting humor which flows thither is more vitiated in quality than in quantity Besides also they often cause great pain by reason of the distention of the parts indued with the most exquisite sense as also by reason of a Nerve of the fifth Conjugation spread over these parts as also of the neighbouring membranes of the Brain by which means the Patient is troubled with Head-ach and all his face becomes swoln Yet many times this kind of Tumor useth to be raised by a tough viscous and gross humor This Disease doth more grievously afflict young men than old Prognostick it commonly brings a Feaver and watching It is difficult to be cured especially when it is caused by a gross tough and viscid humor sent
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inââo four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apââr 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats ⥠iiij of Diamoron ⥠ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â Aquae hordei
signs of a Bubonocele are a round tumor in the groin which pressed The Signs is easily forced in The signs of an Enterocele are a hard tumor in the cod which forced returneth back and departeth with a certain murmur and pain but the tumor proceeding of the kall is lax and feels soft like wool and which is more difficultly forced in than that which proceeds from the guts but yet without murmuring and pain for the substance of the guts seeing it is one and continued to it self they do not only mutually succeed each other but by a certain consequence doe as in a dance draw each other so to avoid distention which in their membranous body cannot be without pain by reason of their change of place from that which is naturall into that against nature none of all which can befall the kall seeing it is a stupid body and almost without sense heavy dull and immoveable The signs that the Peritonaeum is broken are the sudden increase of the tumor and a sharp and cutting pain for when the Peritonaeum is only relaxed the tumor groweth by little and little and so consequently with small pain yet such pain returns so often as the tumor is renewed by the falling down of the Gut or Kall which happens not to the Peritonaeum being broken for the way being once open and passable to the falling body the tumor is renewed without any distention and so without any pain to speak of The rest of the signs shall be handled in their places Sometimes it happens that the Guts and Kall do firmly adhere to the process of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be driven back into their proper seat This stubborn adhesion happens by the intervention of the viscid matter or by means of some excoriation caused by the rude hand of a Chirurgeon in too violently forcing of the Gut or Kall into their place But also too long stay of the Gut in the Cod and the neglect of wearing a Truss may give occasion to such adhesion A perfect and inveterate Rupture by the breaking of the process of the Peritonaeum in men of full growth never or very seldom admits of cure But you must note What Rupture is uncureable that by great Ruptures of the Peritonaeum the Guts may fall into the Cod to the bigness of a mans head without much pain and danger of life because the excrements as they may easily enter by reason of the largeness of the place and Rupture so also they may easily return CHAP. XV. Of the Cure of Ruptures BEcause children are very subject to Ruptures but those truly not fleshy or varicous To what Ruptures children are subject but watry windy and especially of the Guts by reason of continual and painful crying and coughing Therefore in the first place we will treat of their cure Wherefore the Chirurgeon called to restore the Gut which is faln down shall place the Child either on a Table or in a Bed so that his Head shall be low but his Buttocks and Thighs higher then shall he force with his hands by little and little and gently the Gut into the proper place and shall foment the Groin with the astringent fomentation described in the falling down of the womb An astringen cataplasm Then let him apply this remedy â Praescript decoctionis quantum sufficit farinae hordei fabarum an ⥠i pulver Aloes Mastiches Myrtill Sarcoco an ⥠ss Boli Armeni ⥠ij Let them be incorporated and made a Cataplasm according to Art For the same purpose he may apply Emplastrum contra Rupturam but the chief of the cure consists infolded clothes and Trusses and Ligatures artificially made that the restored Gut may be contained in its place for which purpose he shall keep the child seated in his Cradle for 30 or 40 days as we mentioned before and keep him from crying shouting Ser. 1. cap. 24. and coughing Aetius bids steep Paper 3 days in water and apply it made in a Ball to the Groin the Gut being first put up for that remedy by 3 days adhesion will keep it from falling down But it will be as I suppose more effectual if the Paper be steeped not in common but in the astringent water described in the falling down of the womb The craft and covetousness Gelders Truly I have healed many by the help of such remedies and have delivered them from the hands of the Gelders which are greedy of Childrens Testicles by reason of the great gain they receive from thence They by a crafty cozenage perswade the Parents that the falling down of the Gut into the Cod is uncurable which thing notwithstanding experience convinceth to be false if so be the cure be performed according to the fore-mentioned manner when the Peritonaeum is only relaxed and not broken for the process thereof by which the Gut doth fall as in a steep way in progress of time and age is straitned and knit together whilst also in the mean time the Guts grow thicker A certain Chirurgeon who deserveth credit hath told me that he hath cured many Children Another way to cure Ruptures as thus He beats a Loadstone into fine powder and gives it in pap and then he anoints with Hony the Groin by which the Gut came out and then strewed it over with fine filings of Iron He administred this kind of remedy for ten or twelve days The part for other things being bound up with a Ligature and Truss as was fitting The efficacy of this remedy seemeth to consist in this The reason this cure that the Loadstone by a natural desire of drawing the Iron which is strewed upon the Groin joyns to it the fleshy and fatty particles interposed between them by a certain violent impetuosity which on every side pressing and bending the loosness of the Peritonaeum yea verily adjoyning themselves to it in process of time by a firm adhesion intercept the passage and falling down of the Gut or Kall which may seem no more abhorring from reason than that we behold the Loadstone it self through the thickness of a Table to draw Iron after it any way The same Chirurgeon affirmed that he frequently and happily used the following Medicine Another medicine He burnt into ashes in an Oven red Snails shut up in an earthen Pot and gave the powder of them to little children in Pap but to those which were bigger in Broth. But we must despair of nothing in this disease for the cure may happily proceed in men of full growth as of forty year old who have filled the three dimensions of the body as this following relation testifies There was a certain Priest in the Parish of St. Andrews called John Moret A notable History whose office was to sing an Epistle with a loud voyce as often as the solemnity of the day and the thing required Wherefore seeing he was troubled with the Enterocele he came to me
generation for all their life after for performance whereof Nature hath bestowed the Testicles as parts principally necessary for the conservation of mankind Through which occasion Galen hath not feared to prefer them before the Heart because the Heart is the beginning of life but the Testicles of a better life Lib. de arte medica for it is far more noble to live well than simply and absolutely to live therefore Eunuches degenerate into a womanish nature for they remain without beards their voyce is weak their courage fails them and they turn cowards and seeing they are unfit for all humane actions Lib. de sem their life cannot but be miserable Wherefore I will never subscribe to the cutting out of the Stones unless a Sarcocele or Gangrene invade them But that the way of performing the Punctus aureus may be better known I have thought good in the fore-going Page to set down the Instruments by which this operation is performed before your view Another more easie and safe way to restore the Gut and Kall THeodorick and Guido have invented another way of performing this operation Lib. 3. cap. 33. They put back into their places the Gut and Kall being fallen down the Patient being so placed that his thighs are high and his head is somewhat low then they draw aside the lower portion of the production of the Peritonaeum and also the spermatick vessels and cremaster-muscle to the Ischium then by applying a caustick fitted to the age and disease they burn the other part of the process directly perpendicular to the Sharebone where the Gut did fall down Then they pull off the Eschar thus made with a Knife even to the quick then they apply another caustick in the same place which may go even to the Bone then procure the falling of this Eschar made on the foresaid process And afterwards they heal the ulcer which remains which presently contracting somewhat a thick Callus so keeps up the guts and kall that it binds them from falling down into the cod This way of restoring the Gut and Kall though it be safer and more facile yet the Chirurgeon must not attempt it if the Guts or Kall stick so fast agglutinated to the process of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be severed nor put back into their places for from the Guts so burnt and violated greater mischief would ensue if by the broken and too much dilated process the Bodies thereby restrained make an exceeding great Tumor by their falling down if the Testicle yet lying in the Groin as in a Bubonocele a kind of Enterocele being not yet descended in the Scrotum or Cod if the Patients be not come to such age as they can keep themselves from stirring or hold their excrements while the operation is performed CHAP. XVIII Of the cure of other kinds of Ruptures EPiplocele is the falling down of the Kall into the Groin or Cod it hath the same causes as an Enterocele The signs have been explained It is not so dangerous nor infers a consequence of so many evil symptoms as the Enterocele doth yet the cure is the same with the other Hydrocele is a waterish tumor in the Cod which is gathered by little and little between the membranes encompassing the testicles especially the Dartes and Erythroides What a Hydrocele is it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefly from the defect of native heat The signs are a tumor encreasing slowly without much pain heavy and almost of a glassie clearness The signs which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the cod above the water flows down and by pressing it below it rises upwards unless peradventure in too great a quantity it fils up the whole capacity of the cod yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the kall or guts may for oft-times it is contained in a cist or bag it is distinguished from a Sarcocele by the smoothness and equality thereof The Cure The cure must first be tryed with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which follows I have often tryed and with good success A medicine to draw forth the contained matter â Ung. comitissae desiecat rub an ⥠ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kind of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dryed up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yield to those remedies there is need of Chirurgery the Cod and Membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seron that is with a large three-square pointed Needle Thred with a skean of Silk you must thrust your Needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of Thred must be left there or removed twice or thrice a day that the humor may drop down and be evacuated by little and little But if the pain be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptoms Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or Incision-knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an Incision some half fingers bredth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the testicles and vessels and they keep the wound open until all the water seems evacuated truly by this only way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a cist is safe and to be expected as we have said in our Treatise of Tumors in General What a Pneumatocele is The Pneumaetocele is a flatulent tumor in the Cod generated by the imbecillity of heat residing in the part The Cure It is known by the roundness levity renitency and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discuss flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennel Faenugreek Agnus Castus Rue Origanum and other things set down by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good success for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum Mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good Wine as Muscadine with Oyl of Bays What a Sarcocele is A Sarcocele is a Tumor against Nature which is generated about the Stones by a scirrhous flesh Gross and viscid humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimilate to it self The Signs Prognosticks whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts do Varices or swoln veins often associate this tumor and it increases with pain It is known by the hardness asperity inequality and roughness It cannot be cured but
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
Of the differences causes signs and cure of an Hective Feaver A Hective Feaver is so called either for that it is stubborn and hard to cure and loose The reason of the name as things which have contracted a habit for Hexis in Greek signifies a habit or else for that it seises upon the solid parts of our bodies called by the Greeks Hexeis both which the Latin word Habitus doth signifie There are three kinds or rather degrees of this Feaver The differences thereof The first is when the hectick heat consumes the humidity of the solid parts The second is when it feeds upon the fleshy substance The third and uncurable is when it destroys the solid parts themselves For thus the flame of a Lamp first wastes the Oyl then the proper moisture of the weâk Which being done there is no hope of lighting it again what store of Oyl soever you pour upon it This Feaver very seldom breeds of it self but commonly follows after some other Wherefore the causes of a hective Feaver are sharp and burning Feavers not well cured The causes especially if their heat were not repressed with cooling Epithems applyed to the Heart and Hypochondria If cold water was not fitly drunk It may also succeed a Diary Feaver which hath been caused and begun by some long great and vehement grief or anger or some too violent labour which any of a slender and dry body hath performed in the hot Sun It is also oft-times caused by an ulcer or inflammation of the Lungs an Empyema of the Chest by any great and long continuing Phlegmon of the Liver Stomach Mesentery Womb Kidneyes Bladder of the Guts Jejunum and Colon and also of the other Guts if the Phlegmon succeed some long Diarrhoea Lienteria or Bloudy-flux whence a consumption of the whole body and at last a Hectick Feaver the heat becoming more acrid the moisture of the body being consumed The Signs This kind of feaver as it is most easily to be known so is it most difficult to cure the pulse in this feaver is hard by reason of the dryness of the Artery which is a solid part and it is weak by reason of the debility of the vital faculty the substance of the heart being assaulted But it is little and frequent because of the distemper and heat of the heart which for that it cannot by reason of its weakness cause a great pulse to cool it self it labours by the oftenness to supply that defect Why in hecticks the heat is more acrid after meat But for the pulse it is a proper sign of this feaver that one or two hours after meat the pulse feels stronger than usual and then also there is a more acrid heat over all the Patients body The heat of this flame lasts until the nourishment be distributed over all the Patients body in which time the dryness of the heart in some sort tempered and recreated by the appulse of moist nourishment the heat increases no otherwise than Lime which a little before seemed cold to the touch but sprinkled and moistned with water grows so hot as it smoaks and boyls up At other times there is a perpetual equality of heat and pulse in smalness faintness obscurity frequency and hardness without any exacerbation so that the patient cannot think himself to have a feaver yea he cannot complain of any thing he feels no pain which is another proper sign of an hectick feaver The cause that the heat doth not shew its self is it doth not possess the surface of the body that is the spirits and humors The signs of a hectick joyned with a putrid Feaver but lyes as buried in the earthy grosness of the solid parts Yet if you hold your hand somewhat long you shall at last perceive the heat more acrid and biting the way being opened thereto by the skin rarified by the gentle touch of the warm and temperate hand Wherefore if at any time in these kind of feavers the Patient feel any pain and perceive himself troubled with an inequality and excess of heat it is a sign that the hectick feaver is not simple but conjoyned with a putrid feaver which causeth such inequality as the heat doth more or less seise upon matter subject to putrefaction for a hectick feaver of it self is void of all equality unless it proceed from some external cause as from meat Certainly if an Hippocratique face may be found in any disease it may in this by reason of the colliquation or wasting away the triple substance In the cure of this disease you must diligently observe with what affects it is entangled and whence it was caused Wherefore first you must know The cure whether this feaver be a disease or else a symptom For if it be symptomatical A symptomatical hectick it cannot be cured as long as the disease the cause thereof remains uncured as if an ulcer of the guts occasioned by a Bloudy-flix shall have caused it or else a fistulous ulcer in the Chest caused by some wound received on that part it will never admit of cure unless first the fistulous or dysenterick ulcer shall be cured because the disease feeds the symptoms as the cause the effect An essentialâ hectick But if it be a simple and essential hectick feaver for that it hath its essence consisting in an hot and dry distemper which is not fixed in the humors but in the solid parts all the counsel of the Physitian must be to renew the body but not to purge it for only the humors require purging and not the defaults of the solid parts Therefore the solid parts must be refrigerated and humected which we may do by medicins taken inwardly and applyed outwardly Things to be taken inwardly The things which may with good success be taken inwardly into the body for this purpose are medicinal nourishments For hence we shall find more certain and manifest good than from altering medicines that is wholly refrigerating and humecting without any manner of nourishment The benefit of medicinal nourishments For by reason of that portion fit for nutriment which is therewith mixed they are drawn and caryed more powerfully to the parts and also converted into their substance whereby it comes to pass that they do not humect and cool them lightly and superficially like the medicines which have only power to alter and change the body but they carry their qualities more throughly even into the innermost substance Of these things some are Herbs as Violets Purslain Bugloss Endive Ducks-meat or Water-lentil Mallows especially when the belly shall be bound Some are fruits as Gourds Cowcumbers Apples Prunes Raisons sweet Almonds and fresh or new Pine-Apple kernels in the number of seeds are the four greater and lesser cold seeds and these new for their native humidity the seeds of Poppies Berberies Quinces The flowers of Bugloss Violets Water-lillies are also convenient of all these things let Broth be
water you must heat them very hot and so the air which is contained in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate a much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur vacuum Then put them into fire and it again ratifying the water into air will make them yield a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon Ball-bellows brought out of Germany which are made of brass hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into air and so they send forth wind with a great noise and blow strongly assoon as they grow throughly not You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great crack because the watry and innate humidity turned into wind by the force of the fire forcibly breaks his passage forth For the air or wind raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now be contained in the narroâ ãâã or skins of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Just after the same manner Gunâder being fired turns into a far greater proportion of air according to the truth of that Philosophical proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of air and of one of air are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be pent in the narrow space of the piece wherein the powder was formerly contained endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into air and doth not accompany the Bullet to the mark or object which it batters spoils and breaks asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious air with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the Bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as we formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We find the like in Mines when the powder is once fired it removes and shakes even Mountains of earth In the year of our Lord 1562. A History a quantity of this powder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenal of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shook therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shook off the âyles and broke the windows of those which were further off and to conclude like a storm of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbs torn asunder as if they had been rent with wild Horses and all this was done by the only agitation of the air into which the fired Gun-powder was turned Just after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents The cause of an Earthquake For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another down it over-turns or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Cities of Greece were swallowed up and quite over-turned by an Earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the winds striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as hear them at some distance the fierce assailing of Cities the bellowing of Bullets the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the Air which is continually drawn into the Bowels appointed by nature and whether we sleep wake or what else soever we do we continual draw in and breathe it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orb it embraces nourishes defends and keeps in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the Stars from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the air diversly changed and affected by the Stars doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitians do so seriously with us to behold and consider the culture and habit of places and constitution of the air when they treat of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the air is very apparent as you may gather by the four seasons of the year for in Summer the air being hot and dry heats and dryes our bodies but in Winter it produceth in us the effects of Winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons retain their seasonableness from whence if they happen to digress they raise and stir up great perturbations both in our bodies and minds whose malice we can scarse shun because they encompass us on every hand and by the law of Nature enter together with the air into the secret Cabinets of our Bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is lie How the air becomes hurtful that doth not by experience find both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the air is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South-wind is hot and moist the North-wind cold and dry the East-wind clear and fresh the West wind cloudy it is no doubt but that the air which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the Bowels the qualities of that wind which is then prevalent Whence we read in Hippocrates Aphor. 17. sect 3. that changes of times whether they happen by different winds or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For Northerly winds do condense and strengthen our Bodies and make them active well coloured and during by resuscitating and vigorating the native heat But Southern winds resolve and moisten our Bodies make us heavy-headed dull the hearing cause giddiness and make the Eyes and Body less agile as the Inhabitants of Nârbon find to their great harm who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if we would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of the year by Hippâcrates decree Droughts are more wholesome and less deadly than Rains I judg for that too much humidity is the mother of
true manner of curing these kind of Wounds according to the rule of Hippocrates which wishes every contused wound to be presently brought to suppuration for so it will be lesse subject to a Phlegmon and besides all the rent and bruised flesh must putrefie dissolve and turn to quitture that new and good flesh may be generated in stead thereof Laurentius Iaubertus much commends this following medicine of whose efficacy as yet I have made no triall â pulver mercur bis calcinati ⥠j. adipis porci recentis vel butyri recentis ⥠iiij Camphârae in aqua vitae dissolutae Êij misce omnia simul addendo tantillum olei liliârum aut lini Experience taught him and reason also shewes that this kind of remedy is very commendable The faculties of the powder of Mercury for the powder of Mercury if mixed with a grosse and humecting matter doth in a short space turn the bruised flesh into Pus without causing any great pain For the Camphire whether it be hot or cold in temper it much conduces to that purpose by reason of the subtlety of the parts whereof it consists The force of calcined vitâiol How wounds made by Gun-shot may be combust For by means of this quality the medicines enter with more facility into the affected bodies and perform their parts besides also Camphire resists Putrefaction Some drop into the Wound aqua vitae wherein they have dissolved some calcined vitriol Which kind of remedy is not suppurative but yet much resists putrefaction so that we may use it with good success when the weather is hot moist and foggie But when the Wound is made very neer at hand it cannot but be burnt by the flame of the powder in which remedies used for Burns will be useful not omitting such as are fit for Contusions But for those parts which lye next the Wound you shall not unless at the first dressing apply refrigerating and astringent things but rather emollient and suppurative For those things which have a refrigerating faculty weaken the part and hinder suppuration For astringents constipate the skin which is the cause that the putrid vapours shut up and hindred from transpiration and passage forth a gangrene and mortification easily seise upon the part Scarification But if the contusion be great and diffuse it self more largely over the flesh the part must be much scarified that so the contused and concreat blood and therefore subject to putrefaction may be evacuated But for those parts which somewhat farther distant from the Wound encompass the contused flesh they require refrigerating and strengthening medicins An Astringent repelling medâcine so to hinder the falling down and setling of the humor in that part which is this ensuing medicine â pul boli armen sanguin Dracon Myrrhae an ⥠j. succi solan sempervivi perâuâc an ⥠ss aââum iiij overum âxyhodin quantum sufficit fiat linimentum ut dâcet You may use this and the like untill the suspected symptome be past fear Neither must you have less care The binding up of binding up and rolling the part than of your medicins for it doth not a little conduce to the care to bind it so fitly up as it may be without pain The Wound at the beginning of the cure How oft the wound must be drest in a day must be dressed but once in 24 houres that is untill the Wound come to suppuration but when the qââtture begins to flow from it and consequently the pain and feaver are encreased it shall be drest twice a day that is every twelve hours And when the quitture flowes more abundantly than usual so that the collection thereof is very troublesome to the Patient it will be requisite to dress it every 8 hours that is thrice a day Now when as this abundant efflux is somewhat sââked and begins to decrease it will suffice to dress it twice a day But when the Ulcer is filled with flesh and consequently casts forth but little matter it will serve to dress it once a day as you did at the first CHAP. VI. How you shall order it at the second dressing AT the second and following dressings unless you suspect putrefaction Why wounds made by Gun-shot are so long before they come to suppuration and a Gangrene you shall only put into the Wound some of the oils formerly described adding to them the yolks of some eggs and a little saffron and use this medicin untill the Wound come to perfect suppuration Here you must note this that these kinds of Wounds are longer before they come to suppuration than other Wounds made by any other sort of weapon both for that the bullet as also the air which it violently carries before it by much bruising the flesh on every side dissipates the native heat and exhausts the spirits of the part Which things hinder digestion and often cause the matter to stink as also many other pernicious symptoms Yet most usually pus or quitture appears within three or four dayes sooner and later according to the various complexion and temperament of the Patients bodies and the condition of the ambient air in heat and cold Then by little and little you must come to detersives adding to the former medicin some Turpentine washed in Rose Barly or some other such like water which may wash away the biting thereof If the incompassing air be very cold you may to good purpose Why Turpentine must be washed Gal. lib. 3. Meth. add some aqua vitae for by Galens prescript we must not use hot medicins in winter and less hot in summer Then in the next place use detersives as â aqua decoctionis hordei quantum sufficit succi plantaginis apii agrimon centaurei minoris an ⥠j. bulliant omnia simul in fine decoctionis adde terebinthinae venetae ⥠iij. mellis rosat ⥠ij farin hordieÊiij creci â j. Let them be all well mixed together and make a Mundificative of an indifferent consistence Or â succi olymâni plantag absinth apii an ⥠ij tereb venet ⥠iiij syrup absinth mellis ros an ⥠iij. bulliant omnia secundum artem A detergent medicin postea câlentur in cââutura adde pulver aloes mastiches Ireos Florent far hord an Ê j. fiat Mundificativum ad usum dictum Or â teribinth venet lotae in aq ros ⥠v. olei ros ⥠j. mellis ros iij. myrrhae aloes mastich aristolech rotundae Why tents must be neither too long nor thick an Ê i ss far lâord Ê iij. misce Make a Mundificative which you may put into the wound with Tents but such as are neither too long nor thick lest they hinder the evacuation of the quitture and vapours whence the wounded part will be troubled with erosion pain defluxion inflammation abscess putrefaction all which severally of themselves as also by infecting the noble parts are troublesome both to the part affected as also to the whole
and congealing of blood A drink for the same purpose â Ligni guajaci ⥠viij radicis enulae camp consolid majoris Ireos Florent polypod querni seminis coriandri anisi an ⥠ss glycyrhiz ⥠ij nepetae centaureae caryophyl cardui ben verbenae an m. s aquae fontanae lib. xij Let them be all beaten and infused for the space of twelve hours then let them boil over a gentle fire untill the one half be consumed let the Patient drink some halfe a pint of this drink in the morning and then sweat some hours upon it in his bed and do this for seven or eight dayes If any poor man light upon such a mischance who for want of means cannot be at such cost it will be good having wrapped him in a sheet to bury him up to the chin in Dung mixed with some hay or straw and there to keep him untill he have sweat sufficiently I have done thus to many with very good success You shall also give the Patient potions made with syrups which have power to hinder the coagulation and putrefaction of the blood such as syrup of Vinegar or Lemmons of the juice of Citrons and such others to the quantity of an ounce dissolved in scabius or Cardnus water You may also presently after the fall give this drink which hath power to hinder the coagulation of the blood and strengthen the bowells â Rhei elect in pul redacti â j aquae ruliae majoris plantagin an ⥠j. theriacaÊ ss syrupide rosis siccis ⥠ss fiat pââus Let him take it in the morning for four or five dayes In stead hereof you may make a potion of one dram of Sperma ceti d ssolved in bugloss or some other of the waters formerly mentioned and half an ounce of syrup of Maiden-hair if the disease yield not at all to these formerly prescribed medicins it will be good to give the Patient for nine dayes three or four hours before meat A powder for the same some of the following powder â rhei torrefacti rad rub majoris centaurei gentianae aristoli rotundae an ⥠ss give Êj hereof with syrup of Vinegar and Carduus water They say that the water of green Walnuts distilled by an Alembick is good to dissolve congealed and knotted blood Also you may use baths made of the decoction of the roots of Orris Elecampane Sorrel Fennel Marshmallows Water-fern or Osmund the waterman the greater Comfrey the seeds of Faenugreek the leaves of Sage Marjerum the flowres of Camomile Melilote and the like For a warm Bath hath power to rarifie the skin The distilled water of green Walnuts Baths to dissolve the clotted blood by cutting the tough and mitigating the acrid humors by calling them forth into the surface of the body and relaxing the passages thereof so that the rebellious qualities being orecome there ensues an easie evacuation of the matter by vomit or expectoration if it flote in the Stomach or be contained in the Chest but by stool and urin if it lye in the lower parts by sweats and transpiration if it lye next under the skin Wherefore bathes are good for those who have a Peripneumonia or inflammation of their Lungs Lib 3 de vict aâut lib. 3. de de meth or a Plurisie according to the mind of Hippocrates if so be that they be used when the feaver begins to be asswaged for so they mitigate pain help forwards suppuration and hasten the spitting up of the purulent matter But we would not have the Patient enter into the bath unless he have first used general remedies as blood-letting and purging for otherwise there will be no small danger lest the humors diffused by the heat of the bath cause a new defluxion into the parts affected Wherefore do not thou by any means attempt to use this or the like remedy having not first had the advice of a Physitian CHAP. III. How we must handle Contusions when they are joyned with a Wound EVery great Contusion forthwith requires Bloud-letting or purging or both and these either for evacuation or revulsion For thus Hippocrates in a contusion of the heel Sect. lib. fract gives a vomitory portion the same day or else the next day after the heel is broken And then if the Contusion have a wound associating it the defluxion must be strayed at the beginning with an Ointment made of Bole-Armenick the white of Eggs and Oyl of Roses and Myrtles with the powders of red-Roses Alome and Mastich At the second dressing apply a digestive made of the yolk of an Egg Oyl of Violets and Turpentine A suppurative Cataplasm This following Cataplasm shall be applyed to the near parts to help forwards suppuration â rad althaeae lilii an ⥠iiij sal malâ violar senecionis an M. ss coquantur complete passentur per setaceum addendo butyri recentis olei viol an ⥠iij. farinae volatilis quant sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis liquidae A caution to be observed Yet have a care in using of Cataplasms that you do not too much exceed for too frequent and immoderate use of them makes wounds phlegmonous sordid and putrid Wherefore the wound after it is come to suppuration must be clensed filled with flesh and cicatrized unless happily the contused flesh shall be very much torn so that the native heat forsake it for then it must be cut away But if there be any hope to agglutinate it let it be sowed How contused wounds must be sowed and other things performed according to Art but the stitches must not be made so close together as when the wound is simple and without contusion for such wounds are easily inflamed and swell up which would occasion either the breaking of the thred or flesh or tearing of the skin CHAP. IV. Of these Contusions which are without a Wound IF the skin being whole and not hurt as far as can be discerned the flesh which lies under it be contused and the bloud poured forth under the skin make an Ecchymosis then the Patient must be governed according Art until the malign symptoms which commonly happen be no more to be feared Wherefore in the beginning draw bloud on the opposite side Phlebotomy both for evacuation and revulsion The contused part shall be scarified with equal scarifications Scarifying Cupping-glasses then shall you apply Cupping-glasses or horns both for evacuation of the bloud which causes the tumor and tension in the part as also to ventilate and refrigerate the heat of the part lest it turn into an Abscess Neither must we in the mean while omit gentle purging of the Belly Astrictives how good in Contusions The first Topick medicins ought to be astrictives which must lye some short while upon the part that so the Veins and Arteries may be as it were straitned and closed up and so the defluxion hindered as also that the part it self may be
cold they would cause pain and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not pass or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage pain hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive Medicins to be applyed to Burns How fire may asswage the pain of burning AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the pain and heat of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and find by daily experience that the heat of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the pain is asswaged if they hold the part which was burnt some pretty while to the heat of a lighted Candle or burning Coals for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the external fire whilest it draws forth the fire which is internal and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedy Beaten Onions good for burns and how if they presently after the Burn apply to the grieved part raw Onions beaten with some Salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the pain and inflammation but if it be applyed when the skin is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endeavour to gainsay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physick which says that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirm that Onions Lib. 5. simpl according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moist therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skin by their actual moisture whereby it comes to pass that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heat and so hinder the breaking forth of Pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases always healed by their contraries saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceed from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and strictly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicins good to hinder the rising of blisters such as new Horse-dung fryed in Oyl of Wal-nuts or Roses and applyed to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in Oyl of Nuts and beaten with a little Salt Also quenched L me powdered and mixed with Unguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little Salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anointed upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thick Vernish which Polishers or Sword Cutlers use But if the pain be more vehement How often in a day these must be dressed these medicins must be renewed three or four times in a day and a night so to mitigate the bitterness of this pain But if so be we cannot by these remedies hinder the rising of Blisters then we must presently cut them as soon as they rise for that the humor contained in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimony that it eats the flesh which lyeth under it and so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes and increase of matter the inflammation groweth greater not only for nine days as the common people prattle but for far longer time also somewhiles for less time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethorick and you have speedily resisted the pain and heat by fit remedies When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar Medicins for an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and humective medicins as of Greases Oyls Butter with a little Basilicon or the following Ointment â Mucagin psillii cydon an ⥠iiij gummi trag ⥠ij extrahantur cum aqua pariatariae olei filiorum ⥠ijss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as Unguentum album camphoratum deficcativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Vinegar or nutritum composed after this manner â lithargyri auri ⥠iiij ol rosat ⥠iij. ol de papavar ⥠ij ss ung populcon ⥠iiij A description of Nutritum camphoraeÊ j. fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or Oyl of Egs tempered in a Leaden Mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh Butter without Salt and some yolks of Egs hard roasted Or â Butyri recent sine sale ustulati colati ⥠vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqua plantag vel resar ⥠ss tuthiae similiter lotae Ê iij. pâum i usti loti Ê ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â cort sanâuc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum ⥠iiij pul cerus luthiae praepar an ⥠j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicins may always be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seem to require The following remedies are fit to asswage pain as the mucilages of Line-seeds of the seeds of Psillium or Flea-wort and Quinces extracted in Rose-water or fair-water with the addition of a little Camphire and lest that it dry too speedily adde thereto some Oyl of Roses Also five or six yolks of Egs mixed with the mucilages of Line-seed the seed of Psillium and Quinces often renewed are very powerful to asswage pain A remedy for Burns commonly used in in the Hospital of Paris The women which attend upon the people in the Hospital in Paris do happily use this medicine against burns â Lard conscissi libram unam let it be dissolved in rose-Rose-water then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it four times with the water of Hen-bane or some other of that kind then let it be incorporated with eight yolks of new laid Egs and so make an Ointment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kinds of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a piece of Tiffany lest you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a coarse cloth and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicins easily
enter in Also you must have a care when the eyelids lips sides of the fingers neck the arm-pits hams and bending of the elbow are burnt that you suffer not the parts to touch one the other without the interposition of some thing otherwise in continuance of time they would grow and stick together Therefore you shall provide for this by fit placing the parts and putting soft linnen rags between them But you must note that deep combustions and such as cause a thicker Eschar Why deep combustions are less painful then superficiary are less painful than such as are but only superficiary The truth hereof you may perceive by the example of such as have their limbs cut off and seared and cauterized with an hot Iron for presently after the cauterising is performed they feel little pain For this great combustion takes away the sense the vehemency of the sensory or thing affecting the sense depriving the sensitive parts of their sense As we have formerly noted when we treated of wounds and pains of the Nerves The falling away of such Eschars shall be procured by somewhat a deep scarification which may pierce even to the quick that so the humors which lye under it may enjoy freer perspiration emollient medicins may the freelier enter in so to soak moisten and soften the Eschar that it may at length fall away The rest of the cure shall be performed by detergent and sarcotick medicins adding to the former Ointments metalline powders when the present necessity shall seem so to require But we cannot justly say in what proportion and quantity each of these may be mixed by reason of that variety which is in the temper and consistence of bodies and the stubbornness and gentleness of diseases After a Burn the scar which remaineth is commonly rough unequal and ill-favoured therefore we will tell you in our Treatise of the Plague how it must be smoothed and made even I must not here omit to tell you Marks or spots made in the face ãâã corns of Gunpowder can ãâã be taken away that Gunpowder set on fire doth often so penetrate into the flesh not ulcerating nor taking of the skin and so insinuate and throughly fasten it self into the flesh by its tenuity that it cannot be taken or drawn out thence by any remedies no not by Phoenigmes nor vesicatories nor scarification nor ventoses nor horns so that the prints thereof alwayes remain no otherwise than the marks which the Barbarians burn in their slaves which cannot afterwards be taken away or destroyed by any Art CHAP. X. Of a Gangrene and Mortification CErtainly the malign symptoms which happen upon wounds and the solutions of Continuity are many caused either by the ignorance or negligence of the Chirurgeon or by the Patient or such as are about him or by the malignity and violence of the disease but there can happen no greater than a Gangrene as that which may cause mortification and death of the part and oft-times of the whole body wherefore I have thought good in this place to treat of a Gangrene first giving you the definition then shewing you the causes signs prognosticks and lastly the manner of the cure Now a Gangrene is a certain disposition Gal. 2. ad Glanconem and way to the mortification of the part which it seiseth upon dying by little and little For when there is a perfect mortification it is called by the Greeks Sphacelos by the Latins Syderatio our Countreymen term it the fire of Saint Anthony or Saint Marcellus CHAP. XI Of the general and particular causes of a Gangrene The general cause of a Gangrene THe most general cause of a Gangrene is when by the dissolution of the harmony and joint-temper of the four first qualities the part is made unapt to receive the faculties the Natural Vital and Animal spirits by which it is nourished lives feels and moves For a part deprived by any chance of these The particular causes as of the light languishes and presently dyes Now the particular causes are many and these either primitive or antecedent The primitive or external are combustions caused by things either actually or potentially burning actually as by fire scalding Oyl Cold causeth a Gangrene or Water Gunpowder fired and the like But potentially by acrid medicins as Sublimate Vitriol potential Cauteries and other things of the same nature for all these cause a great inflammation in the part But the ambient air may cause great refrigerations and also a Gangrene which caused Hippocrates lib. de Acr. to call great refrigerations of the brain Sphacelisme Therefore the unadvised and unfit application of cold and narcotick things a fracture luxation and great contusion too strait bandages the biting of Beasts especially of such as are venemous a puncture of the Nerves and Tendons the wounds of the nervous parts and joynts especially in bodies which are plethorick and repleat with ill humors great wounds whereby the vessels which carry life are much cut whence an Aneurisma and lastly many other causes which perturb that harmony of the four prime qualities which we formerly mentioned and so infer a Gangrene CHAP. XII Of the Antecedent Causes of a Gangrene How defluxions cause a Gangrene NOw the Antecedent or Internal and Corporeal causes of a Gangrene are plentiful and abundant defluxions of humors hot or cold falling into any part For seeing the faculty of the part is unapt and unable to sustain and govern such plenty of humors it comes to pass that the native heat of the part is suffocated and extinct for want of transpiration For the Arteries are hereby so shut or pent up in a Strait An uncurable Gangrene that they cannot perform their motions of contraction and dilatation by which their native heat is preserved and tempered But then the Gangrene is chiefly uncurable when the influx of humors first takes hold of the Bones and inflammation hath its beginning from them Lib. de tumor praeter natur For in the opinion of Galen all these kinds of affects which may befal the flesh are also incident to the bones Neither only a Phlegmon or Inflammation but also a rottenness and corruption doth oft-times first invade and begin at the bones for thus you may see many who are troubled with the Leprosie and French disease to have their skin and flesh whole and fair to look on whose bones notwithstanding are corrupt and rotten and oft-times are much decayed in their proper substance This mischief is caused by a venemous matter whose occult quality we can scarse express by any other name than poyson inwardly generated Oft-times also there is a certain acrid and stinking filth generated in flesh with a malign and old ulcer with which if the bones chance to be moistned they become foul and at length mortified Aph. 5. sect 6. A Gangrene by efflux of a cold matter of which this saying of Hippocrates is extant Ulcers of a
by conjecture CHAP. XX. Of the physical cure of a beginning Cataract Diet for such as are troubled with a Cataract A Beginning Cataract is hindered from growing and concretion by diet conveniently and artificially prescribed by the abstinence from wine especially more strong and vaporous and forbearing the use of meats which yield a phlegmatick juice and vaporous as pease beans turneps chesnuts and lastly all such things as have the faculty of stirring up the humors and causing defluxion in the body such as are all salt and spiced meats as also garlike onions mustard The immoderate use of Venery hurts more than all the rest for that it more violently exagitates the whole body weakens the brain and head Bread seasoned with sennel-seeds and begets crude humors Let his bread be seasoned with some sennel-seeds for it is thought to have a faculty of helping the sight and clearing the eyes and dissipating the misty vapours in the stomach before they can ascend to the brain Wherefore by the same reason it is good to use Marmelade of quinces conserve of roses and common drige powder or any such like composed of things good to break winde or corroborate the ventricle Phlebotomy and purging if they be requisite shall be fitly appointed Ventoses shall be applyed to the shoulders and neck and phlegmatick matter shall be diverted and evacuated by the mouth with using masticatories in the morning There be some which believe that a beginning Cataract may be dissipated and discussed by often rubbing the eye-lids with his fingers and in like sort by the often and earnest beholding of the Stars and the Moon when it is at the full looking-glasses diamonds and all other such like bright shining things How bright shining things may dissipate a beginning Cataract I believe that by beams plentifully and suddenly brought and diffused over the eye directly opposite against some bright shining thing it may seem to have a penetrating dividing dissolving as also a consuming and drying faculty Besides also the hot breath of him who holdeth in his mouth and chaweth fennel-seeds annis-seeds coriander-seeds nutmeg cinnamon cloves and the like hath a great faculty the eyes being first gently rubbed with the finger it being breathed in neer at hand and often received to heat attenuate resolve digest and diffuse the humor which is ready to concrete Moreover this collyrium of John Vigo is thought very powerfull to clear the eyes strengthen the sight hinder suffusions and discuss them if at any time they concrete and begin to gather A Collyâium dissipating a beginning Cataract â hepatis hircini sani recentis lb ij calami aromatici mellis an ⥠ss succi rutae Êiii aquae chelidoniae foeniculi verbenae euphrasiae an ⥠iij. piperis longi nucis moschatae carâophillorum an Ê ii croci â j. floris rorismarini aliquantum contriti m. ss sarcocollae alces hepaticae anÊ iii. fellis ratae leporis perdicis an ⥠i. terantur omnia tritisque adde sacchari albi ⥠ii mellis rosatiÊ vi conjiciantur in alembicum vitreum distillentur in balneo Mariae Let this distilled liquor be often dropped into the eyes But if you prevail nothing by all these medicines and that the cloudy and heaped-up humor doth daily increase and thicken then must you abstain from remedies and expect untill it be no more heaped up but thickned yea untill it seem to be grown somewhat hard For so it may be couched with a needle otherwise if this same skin shall not be ripe but more tender than is fitting when you shall come to the operation it will be broken and thrust through with the needle and not couched On the contrary if it be too hard it will resist the needle neither will it suffer it self to be easily couched A Cataract must not be ââuched unless it be ripe Wherefore it is requisite that the Surgeon know when it is ripe and he must diligently observe the signs whereby he may discern a ripe Cataract from an unripe and that which is curable from that which is uncurable For that only which is ripe and curable is to be couched that which is unripe that is such an one as is more tender and as it were crude and that which is more hard and dense and lastly that which is uncurable must not be attempted at all CHAP. XXI By what signs ripe and curable Cataracts may be discerned from unripe and uncurable ones IF the sound eye being shut the pupil of the sore or suffused eye after it shall be rubbed with your thumb be presently dilated and diffused and with the like celerity return into the place figure colour and state it is thought by some to shew a ripe and confirmed Cataract But an unripe and not to be couched if the pupil remain dilated and diffused for a long while after But it is a common sign of a ripe as also more dense and consequently uncurable suffusion to be able to see nor distinguish no visible thing beside light and brightness for to discern other objects sheweth that it is not yet ripe Therefore the sound eye being shut and pressed the pupil of the other rubbed with your thumb is dilated enlarged swelleth and is more diffused the visive spirits by this compression being as it were forced from the sound into the sore eye Uncurable Cataract But these following Cataracts are judged uncurable that is such as are great such as when the eye-lid is rubbed are nothing dilated or diffused whose pupil becometh no broader by this rubbing for hence you may gather that the stopping or obstruction is in the optick nerve so that how cunningly and well soever the Cataract be couched yet will the patient continue blinde you shall do no more good in couching a Cataract which is in an eye consumed and wasted with a Phthisis Also that Cataract is uncurable which is occasioned by a most grievous disease to wit by most bitter and cruel pains of the head or by a violent blow Such as are of a plaister-like green black livid citrine and quick-silver-like colour are usually uncurable On the contrary such as are of a Chesnut colour or of a skie or sea-sea-water colour Curable Cataracts with some little whiteness yield great hope of a happy and successfull cure CHAP. XXII Of the couching a Cataract AFter you shall know by the forementioned signs that the Cataract is curable When to couch a Cataract it remains that you attempt the couching thereof but so that there be nothing which may hinder For if the pain of the head cough naufeousness or vomiting at that time trouble the patient you shall then bestow your labour in vain Wherefore you must expect untill these symptoms be gone Then make choice of a season fitting for that purpose that is in the decrease of the Moon when the air is not troubled with thunder nor fightning and when as the Sun is not in
saccar alb an ⥠i vitelios ovorum num ii olei anethini chamaem an Êii fiat clyster In the interim let the kidnies be anointed on the outside with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galen and populeon used severally or mixed together laying a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate Remedies against the stone of the kidnies comming fâom a cold cause But if rhe concretion of the stone be of a cold cause the remedies must be varied as follows â terebeinth venet Êi cort citri Êii aquae coct Êii fiat potio Or else â cassiae recent extract Ê vi benedict lax Êiii aq faenic ⥠ii aq asparag ⥠i. fiat potio let him take it three hours before dinner this following apozeme is also good â rad cepet bardan. gram an Êiii bismal cum toto beton an m. ss sem milii solis bard utrio an Êii sem melon glycyrhiz ras an Êii ss ficus num 4. fiat decoct ad quart iii in expressà collaturà dissolve sirup de raphan oxymelitis scilitici an ⥠i. ss sacchar albis ⥠iii. fiat opozema pro tribus dosibus clarificetur aromatiz cumÊi cinam Ê ss sant citrin let him take four ounces three hours before dinner â rad petrosel faenicul an ⥠i. saxifrag pimp gram bardan. an m. ss quatuor seminum frig major mundat millii solis an Êii fiat decoctic cape de colaturâ lb. ss in quà dissolve sacch rub syrup capill ven an ⥠i. ss Let it be taken at three doses two hours before meat The following powder is very effectual to dissolve the matter of the stone â sem petrosel rad ejusdem mundat an ⥠ss sem cardui quem colcitrapam vocant ⥠i. let them be dried in an oven or stone with a gentle fire afterwards let them be beaten severally and make a powder whereof let the patient take â i. ss or two scruples with white wine or chicken-broth fasting in the morning by the space of three daies Or â coriand praep â iv anis marathri granor alkakengi millii solis an Êii zinzib cinam an â ii turbith electiÊi cari â ii galang nucis moschat lapid judiaci an â i. fol. sennae mund ad duplum omnium diacrydiiÊii ss misce fiat pulvis the dosis is about Êi with white wine three hours before meat Against the flatulencies which much distend the guts in this kinde of diseas glysters shall be thus made â malu bismal pariet origani calament flor chamaem sumitat anethi an m. ss anisi carui cumini Cumitaâive gâisters foenic. an ⥠ss baccar laur Êiii sem rutaeÊii fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve bened lax vel diaphaenic ⥠ss confect bac lauriÊiii sacchar rub ⥠i. olei aneth chamaem rutoe an ⥠i. fiat clyster Or â olei nucum vini mal an lb. ss aq vitae ⥠ss fiat clyster let it be kept long that so it may have the more power to discuss the winde CHAP. XXXVIII What is to be done when the stone falleth out of the Kidnie into the Ureter OFt-times it falleth out that the reins useing their expulsive faculty Signs of the stone stopping in the ureter force down the stone whose concretion and generation the Physicians by the formerly prescribed means could not hinder from themselves into the ureters but it staieth there either by reason of the straightness of the place or the debilitie of the expulsive faculty Therefore then cruel pain tormenteth the patient in that place whereas the stone sticketh which also by consent may be communicated to the hip bladder testicles and yard with a continual desire to make water and go to stool In this case it behooveth the Physician that he supplie the defect of nature and assist the weak indeavors Therefore let the patient if he be able mount upon a trotting horse Remedies to force down the stone sticking in the ureter and ride upon him the space of some two miles or if he can have no opportunity to do so then let him run up and down a pair stairs untill he be wearie and even sweat again for the stone by this exercise is oft-times shaken into the bladder then presently shall be given or taken by the mouth such things as have a lenitive and relaxing faculty as oil of sweet almonds newly drawn and that without fire and mixed with the water of pellitorie of the wall and white wine Let frictions of the whole body be made from above downwards with hot clothes let Ventoses with a great flame be applied one while to the loins and another while to the bottome of the belly a little below the grieved place and unless the patient vomit of his own accord or by the bitterness of his pain let vomiting be procured with a draught of water and oil luke-warm for vomiting hath much force to drive down the stone by reason of the compression of the parts which is caused by such an endeavor Lastly if the stone descend not by the power of these remedies then the patient must be put into a Semicupium that is a Half-bath made of the following decoction â malvae bismal cum toto an m. ii beton nasturt saxifrag berul parietar violar an m. iii. sem melonum millii solis A decoction for a bath alkekengi an Êvi cicer rub lb. i. rad apii gram foeniculi eringii an ⥠iiii in sufficienti quantitate aquae pro incessu coquantur ista omnia inclusa sacco herein let the patient sit up to the navel neither is it fit that the patient tarry longer in such a bath then is requisite for the spirits are dissipated and the powers resolved by too long stay therein But on the contrary if the patient remain as long as is sufficient in these rightly made the pain is mitigated the extended parts relaxed and the passages of the urine opened and dilated and thus the stone descendeth into the bladder But if it be not moved by this means any thing at all out of the place and that the same totall suppression of urine do as yet remain neither before the patient entred into the bath the putting of a Catheter into the bladder did any thing avail yet notwithstanding he shall trie the same again after the patient is come out of the bath that he may be throughly satisfied whether peradventure there may be any other thing in these first passages of the yard and neck of the bladder which may with-hold the urine for the Catheter will enter far more easily the parts being relaxed by the warmness of the bath then inject some oil of sweet almonds with a syringe into the Vrethra or passage of the yard whilst all these things are in doing let not the patient come into the cold air But here I have thought good to describe a chair for a bath wherein the patient may fitly
fingers into the neck of the womb for that the bladder is nearer the neck of the womb than it is to the right gut Wherefore the fingers thus thrust in a Catheter shall bee presently put into the neck of the bladder This Catheter must bee hollow or slit on the outside like those before described but not crooked but straight as you may perceiv by the following figure A Catheter upon which being put into the bladder the neck thereof may bee cut to draw out a stone from a woman Upon this instrument the neck of the bladder may bee cut and then with the Dilater made for the same purpose the incision shall bee dilated as much as need require's yet with this caution that seeing the neck of a womans bladder is the shorter it admit's not so great dilation as a mans for otherwise there is danger that it may com to the bodie of the bladder whence an involuntarie shedding of the water may ensue and continue thereafter The incision beeing dilated the Surgeon putting one or two of his fingers into the neck of the womb shall press the bottom of the bladder and then thrust his crooked instruments or forcipes in by the wound and with these hee shall easily pluck out the stone which hee shall keep with his fingers from slipping back again Yet Laurence Collo the King 's Surgeon and both his sons than whom I do not know whether ever there were better cutters for the stone do otherwise perform this operation for they do not thrust their fingers into the fundament or neck of the womb but contenting themselvs with putting in onely the guiders whereof wee formerly made mention into the passage of the urine they presently thereupon make straight incision directly at the mouth of the neck of the bladder and not on the side as is usually don in men Then they gently by the same way thrust the forcipes hollowed on the out-side formerly delineated and so dilate the wound by tearing it as much as shall bee sufficient for the drawing of the stone forth of the bladder The residue of the cure is the same with that formerly mentioned in men yet this is to bee added that iâ an ulcer grow in the neck of the bladder by reason of the rending it you may by putting in the speculum matricis dilate the neck of the womb that fitting remedies may bee applied with the more eas CHAP. XLVIII Of the suppression of the Vrine by internal causes BEsides the fore-mentioned causes of suppressed urine or difficultie of making of water there are manie other least anie may think that the urine is stop't onely by the stone or gravel In suppression of the urine wee must not presently flie to diureticks as Surgeons think who in this case presently use diureticks Therefore the urine is supprest by external and internal causes The internal causes are clotted blood tough phlegm warts caruncles bred in the passages of the urine stones and gravel the urine is somtimes supprest becaus the matter thereof to wit the serous or whayish part of the blood is either consumed by the feverish heat or carried other waies by sweats or a scouring somtimes also the flatulencie there conteined or inflammation arising in the parts made for the urine and the neighboring members suppresse's the urine For the right gut if it bee inflamed intercept's the passage of the urine either by a tumor whereby it presseth upon the bladder or by the communication of the inflammation Thus by the default of an ill-affected liver the urine is oft-times supprest in such as have the dropsie or els by dulness or decay of the attractive or separative facultie of the reins by som great distemper or by the default of the animal-facultie as in such as are in a phrensie lethargie convulsion apoplexie Besides also a tough and viscid humor falling from the whole body into the passages of the urine obstruct's and shut's up the passage Also too long holding the water somtimes cause 's this affect For when the bladder is distended above measure the passage thereof is drawn together and made more straight hereto may bee added that the too great distension of the bladder is a hinderance that it cannot use the expulsive facultie Why the too long holding the urine causeth the suppression thereof straighten it self about the urine to the exclusion thereof hereto also pain succeed's which presently deject's all the faculties of the part which is seized upon Thus of late a certain young man riding on hors-back before his mistress and therefore not dareing to make water An historie when hee had great need so to do had his urine so supprest that returning from his journie home into the citie hee could by no means possible make water In the mean time hee had grievous pain in the bottom of his bellie and the perinaeum with gripeings and a sweat all over his bodie so that hee almost swooned I beeing called when I had procured him to make water by putting in a hollow Catheter and pressing the bottom of his bellie whereof hee forthwith made two pintes I told them that it was not occasioned by the stone which notwithstanding the standers by imagined to bee the occasion of that suppression oâ urine For thence forward there appeard no signs of the stone in the youth neither was hee afterwards troubled with the stopping of his urine CHAP. XLIX A digression concerning the purgeing of such things as are unprofitable in the whole bodie by the urine I Think it not amiss to testifie by the following histories the providence of nature in expelling by urine such things as are unprofitable in the whole bodie An historie Mounsieur Sarret the King's secretarie was wounded in the right arm with a pistol-bullet manie and malign symptoms happened thereuppon but principally great inflammations flowing with much sanies and pus or quitture it somtimes happened that without anie reason this purulent sanious efflux of matter was staied in inflammation whereof while wee sollicitously inquired the caus wee found both his stools and water commixed with much purulent filth and this through the whole cours of the diseas whereof notwithstanding by God's assistance hee recovered and remain's whole and sound wee observed that as long as his arm flowed with this filthie matter so long were his excrements of the bellie and bladder free from the sanious and purulent matter as long on the contrarie as the ulcers of the arm were drie so long were excrements of the guts and bladder sanious and purulent The same accident befel a Gentleman called Mounsieur de la Croix who received a deadly wound with a sword on the left arm An historie though German Cheval and Master Rass most expert Surgeons and others who together with mee had him in cure thought it was not so for this reason becaus the pus cannot run so long a way in the bodie neither if it were
come forth at the mouth Marianus Sanctuâ wisheth by the counsel of many who have so freed themselves from this deadly symptome to drink three pounds of quick-silver with water only For the doubled The force of quick-siâver in the unfolding of the guts An historie and as it were twined up-gut is unfolded by the weight of the quick-silver and the excrements are deprest and thrust forth and the worms are killed which gave occasion to this affect John of S Germans that most worthie Apothecary hath told me that he saw a Gentleman who when as he could not be fâeed from the pain of the colick by any means prescribed by learned Physicians at length by the counsel of a certain German his friend drank three ounces of oil of sweet almonds drawn without fiâe and mixed with some white wine and pellitorie-water and swallowed a leaden bullet besmeaâed with quick-silver and that bullet coming presently out by his fundament he was wholly freed from his colick CHAP. LIX Of Phlebotomie or Blood-letting PHlebotomie is the opening of a vein evacuating the blood with the rest of the humors What Phlebotomie is thus Atteritomie is the opening of an arterie The first scope of phlebotomie is the evacuation of the blood offending in quantity The use although oft-times the Physician 's intention is to draw forth the blood which offends in qualitie or either way by opening a vein Repletion which is caused by the quantity is two-fold the one ad vires that is to the strength Repletion two-fold the veins being otherwise not very much swelled this makes men infirm and weak nature not able to bear his humor of what kinde soever it be The other is termed ad vasa that is to the vessells the which is so called comparatively to the plentie of blood although the strength may very well away therewith The vessels are oft-times broke by this kinde of repletion so that the patient casts and spits up blood or else evacuates it by the nose womb hemorhoids or varices The repletion which is ad vires The signs is known by the heaviness and wearisomness of the whole body but that which is ad vasa is perceived by their distension and fulness both of them stand in need of evacuation But blood is only to be let by opening a vein Five scopes in letting blood for five respects the first is to lessen the abundance of blood as in plethorick bodies and those who are troubled with inflammation without any plenitude The second is for diversion or revulsion as when a vein of the right is opened to stay the bleeding of the left nostril The third is to allure or draw down as when the saphena is opened in the ankle to draw down the courses in women The fourth is for alteration or introduction of another quality as when in sharp fevers we open a vein to breath out that blood which is heated in the vessels and cooling the residue which remains behinde The fifth is to prevent imminent diseases as when in the Spring and Autumn we draw blood by opening a vein in such as are subject to spitting of blood the squinancie plurifie falling-sicknesse apoplexie madnesse gout or in such as are wounded for to prevent the inflammation which is to be feared Before blood-letting if there be any old excrements in the guts they shall be evacuated by a gentle glyster or suppositorie least the mesaraick veins should thence draw unto them any impuritie Bloud must not be drawn from ancâent people From whence we must not draw blood ââless some present necesitie require it least the native heat which is but languid in them should be brought to extreme debilitie and their substance decay neither must any in like sort be taken from children for fear of resolving their powers by reason of the tenderness of thei substance and âareness of their habit The quantity of blood which is to be let must be considered by the strength of the patient and greatness of the disease therefore if the patient be weake and the disease require large evacuation it will be convenient to part the letting of blood When and foâ what it is necessarie yea by the interposition of some daies The vein of the forehead being opened is good for the pain of the hind part of the head yet first we foment the part with warm water that so the skin may be softer and the blood drawn into the veins in greater plenty In the squinancie the veins which are under the tongue must be opened aslant without putting any ligatures about the neck for fear of strangling Phlebotomie is necessary in all diseases which stop or hinder the breathing or take away the voice or speech as likewise in all contusions by a heavy stroke or fall from high in an apoplexie sqâinancie and burning feaver though the strength be not great nor the blood faultie in quantity or quality blood must not be let in the height of a feaver Most judge it fit to draw blood from the veins most remote from the affected and inflamed part for that thus the course of the humors may be diverted the next veins on the contrary being opened the humors may be the more drawn into the affected part and so increase the burden and pain But this opinion of theirs is very erroneous for an opened vein alwaies evacuates and burdens the next part For I have sundry times opened the veins and arteries of the affected part as of the hands and feet in the Gout of ãâã parts of the temples in the Megrim whereupon the pain alwaies was somewhat asswaged for that together with the evacuated blood the malignitie of the Gout and the hot spirits the causers of the Head-ach or Megrim were evacuated For thus Galen wisheth to open the arteries of the temples in a great and contumacious defluxion falling upon the eies 13. meth cap. ãâã or in the Megrim or Head-ach CHAP. LX. How to open a vein or draw blood from thence How to pâace the patient THe first thing is to seat or place the patient in as good a posture as you can to wit in his bed if he be weak but in a chair if strong yet so that the light may fall directly upon the vein which you intend to open Then the Surgeon shall rub the arm with his hand Rubbing the arm Binding it before we open the vein or a warm linnen cloth that the blood may flow the more plentifully into the vein Then he shall binde the vein with a ligature a little above the place appointed to be opened and he shall draw back the blood upwards towards the ligature from the lower part and if it be the right arm he shall take hold thereof with his left hand but if the left then with his right hand pressing the vein in the mean time with his thumb a little below the place where you mean to open it least it should
because they are subject to be troubled with the Gout in the feet Fishes are to be shunned for that they heap up excrementitious humors and are easily corrupted in the stomach yea and relax it by continual use Of the flesh of beasts veal is most to be commended for that it breeds temperate blood and laudable juice and is easily digested Neither in the mean time is mâtton to be found fault withal But the like hunger or abstinence must not be appointed to all men troubled with the Gout for such as are of a sanguine and cholerick complexion Cholerick persons cannot away with long fasting because they are endued with much and much wasting heat are to be refreshed with more plentiful nourishment for hunger sharpens choler and so augments their pains neither in the interim must they be fed with too much moist meats for too much moisture besides that it is the author of the putrefaction will cause defluxions and draw down the matter to the joints Therefore the cholerick humor must be incrassated and refrigerated by taking things inwardly and applying things outwardly least by its tenuity it should fall down into the grieved parts To this purpose conduce broths altered with lettuce purslain sorrel and the like herbs Phlegmatick bodies in fasting feed upon themselves and barly creams made with a decoction of the four cold seeds Phlegmatick bodies by reason that they have not so vigorous heat do as it were carry their provant about them wherefore they must not be fed neither with many nor with moist meats All that are troubled with the Gout must shun those things which are hard of digestion and which are soon corrupted for they all have a certain remiss fever which diminisheth the native heat and makes the meats apt to putrefie Too plentiful drinking not only of wine but also of any other liquor is to be avoided For by too great a quantity of moisture the meat floats in the stomach and the native heat is in some sort extinguished whence proceed crudities Some Physicians commend the use of white wine White wine not good for the gout for that it provokes urine which is not altogether to be disallowed if so bee that the body be free from excrements otherwise by this as it were a vehicle especially if the temperature of the body be somewhat more hot they shall be carried down into the joints Claret may be the saâelier drunk Therefore in such a case I should rather advise them to use claret which is somewhat weak and astringent for that it doth not so much offend the head nor joints and it shuts and strengthens the orifices of the vessels Yet it will be more convenient wholly to abstain therefrom Hydromel most safely and instead thereof to drink an Hydromel made after this manner â aquae lb. iiii melâis opt q. i. bulliant ad consumptionem lb. i. bene despumando adde ad finem salviae p. 1. imo si ager sit pituitosus An Hydrosaccharum cinnamomi aut caryophillorum momentum For cholerick persons make a sugred water thus â aquae fontis lb. iiii sacchari lb. ss colentur per manicam sine ebullitione addendo in fine cinnamoâiÊ ii For thus the stomach shall also be strengthened also he may drink ptisan wherein at the end of the decoction shall be boiled some dried roses or else some syrup of pomegranates added thereto least it should offend the stomach as soon as it comes from off the fire let it stand and settle and then strain it through an hypocras bag or clean linnen cloth CHAP. XIII How to strengthen the Joints IT is a matter of much consequence for the prevention of this evill to strengthen the joints whereby they may be able to resist the humors preternaturally falling down upon them Wherefore it is good morning and evening to rub them with oleum omphacinum that is oil made of olives not come to their perfect maturity or with oil of roses mixed with common salt finely powdered It may also be mixed with common oil adding thereto the powder of Hart's-horn A fomentation to strengthen the joints as that which hath an astringent and drying faculty Also it is good to bathe them in this following lee â cort granat nucum cupress gallarum sumach certic querni an ⥠ii salis com alumin. roch an ⥠i. salviae rorismar lavendul lauri ivae arthretic an m. i. rosar rub m. ss bulliant omnia in sex lb. vini crassi astringentis lixivio parato ex aquâ chalibeatâ cinere querno Then foment the part with sponges or cotton-cloths after this fomentation shall be carefully wiped and dried with hot linnen cloths taking heed of cold The juice of unripe haws tempered with oxycrate is a singular thing for this purpose The juice of haws with oxycrate But if you desire to strengthen the joints weakned by a cold cause then â salviae rorismar thymi lavendul laur absinth an m. i. caryophil zinzib piperis cânquassaterum an ⥠i. infundantur in aqua vitae vini rubri astringentis an lb. iiii bulliant leniter in balneo mariae With this liquor foment the joints morning and evening Some think it good to strengthen the joints to tread grapes in vintage-time which if they be not able to do then let them wash their feet in the must or new pressed wine Bagâ Also bags may be thus made for the same purpose â salis com alum roch cort granat sumach berberis nucum cupressi an ⥠iiii fol. salviae rorism rosar rub an m. ss Let them be all put in linnen bags and boiled in lee and so make a decoction for to foment the joints CHAP. XIV Of the Palliative Cure of the Gout and the material causes thereof The sâopes of curing HEre also must we consider the causes whence this disease proceeds the temper of the diseased body the parts affected and those from whence it proceeds For as these are not alwaies alike so neither can one and the like remedy be useful in every Gout For first those which proceed of a cold cause require other remedies then those which arise from a hot and that which proceeds from any one simple humor then that which ariseth from diverse mixed together For Choler alone causeth cruel pains but tempered by the admixture of Phlegm it becomes more gentle Furthermore some remedies are good in the beginning some in the encrease and some at other times Neither may we use repercussives in the Sciatica as we may in the Gout of the feet and other joints unless peradventure the part be fearfully inflamed Repercussives not âo be used in the Sciatica The palliative cure performâd by four sâ pâs Taking these things to consideration we must observe that the Palliative cure of that Gout which cannot absolutely be helped as that which is hereditary and inveterate is performed by four scopes The first is by
brought in this disease in success of time by the contrary revolutions of the Stars lose their power and become weak so that it may seem somwhat likely that at length after some few years it may wholly cease no otherwise then the disease termed Mentagra which was very like this in many symptoms and troubled many of the Romans in the reign of Tiberius and the Lichen which in the time of Claudius who succeeded Tiberius vexed not only Italy but all Europe besides Yet Physicians had rather take to themselves the glory of this less rageing disease and to refer it to the many and wholsom means which have been invented used and opposed thereto by the most happy labors of noble wits CHAP. VI. How many and what means there are to oppugn thir disease MAny sorts of remedies have been found out by many to oppugn and overcome this disease Why the decoction of Guaicum is not sufficient to impugn the disease Yet at this day there are only fouâ which are principally used The first is by a decoction of Guaicum the second by unction the third by emplasters and the fourth by fumigation all of them by Hydrargyrum the first excepted Yet that is not sufficiently strong and powerfull for experience hath taught that the decoction of Guaicum hath not sufficient strength to extinguish the venom of the venerous virulency but only to give it ease for a time for because it heats attenuates provokes sweat and urine wasts the excrementitious humors by drying them it seemeth to cure the disease for that thereupon for some time the pain and all other symptoms seem more remiss but these endeavors are weak and deceitful as whereby that only which is more subtle in the humors in fault is exhausted and dispersed by sweat But Hydrargyrum is a certain higher power contains therein all the power of Guaicum Hydrargyrum is sufficient to overcome the disease yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dries it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humors upwards and downwards by the mouth and stool By which evacuations not only the more subtle but also the more gross and feculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may be bold to assure himself of certain victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guaicum fresh pains knots arise by the reliques of the more gross and viscous humors left in the cavities of the entrails but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guaicum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great log of a duskie color new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acrid and somewhat biteing taste The faculty the bark cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the virulency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the bark the other is a whitish wood which is next to the bark the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish The parts and more duskie part thereof The bark is more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lieth between both is of a mild temper The hot and fiery faculty of the bark Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require less drying Furthermore the bark must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fiery force thereof the humors may be made more fluid and the passages of the body more passable But I would here be understood to mean such bark as is not putrid and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it be shipped by our people the wood lieth in heaps upon the shore in the open air untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottom of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinks of the boards and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much diet When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherefore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellers under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldiness and rottenness Wherefore I do not like to give the decoction either of the bark or wood which is next thereto to sick people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guaicum FIrst you must have your Guaicum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shaveings The proportion of the Guaicum to the water add of fair water eight ten or twelve pints more or less as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seem to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warm especially if it be in Winter that so it may the more easily and throughly enter into the body of the wood and draw into it self the faculties thereof in the space of twenty four hours Why the decoction ought to be performed with a day heat wherein it is macerated then boil it in balneo to avoid empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boiling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but think the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen-pot well glazed over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may run over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish a way Howsoever it be made let it be boiled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient and disease shall seem to require There be some who mix divers simples therewith which have an occult and proper sympathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve instead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others add thereto purgeing medicines Whether in be fit to add purges to a decoction of Guaicum whose judgment I cannot approve of for that I think it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expel the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shews little evacuation by stool For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brook at once For purging draws from the Circumference to the Center but
sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many and great Physcians Hip aph ult sect 6. This first decoction being boiled out and strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuff or mass that so being boiled again without any further inâusion and strained with the addition of a little cinnamon for the strengthening of the stomach the patient may use it at his meals and between his meals if he be drie for his ordinary drink How and in what quantity the decoction must taken The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or six ounces and it shall be drunk warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and least the actual coldness should offend the stomach and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall be helped forwards with stone-bottles filled full of water and put to the sores of the feet If any parts in the interim shall be much pained they shall be comforted by applying of swines-bladders half filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it be unprofitable before the decoction be drunk to rub over all the body with warm linnen clothes that by this means the humors may be attenuated and the pores of the skin opened When he shall have sweat some two hours the parts opposite to the grieved places How to drie the sweat of the body shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves least a greater conflux of humors flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold air untill he be cooled and come to himself again some two hours after he shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seem to require six hours after betakeing himself to his bed he shall drink the like quantity of the decoction and order himself as before But if he be either weak or weary of his bed it shall be sufficient to keep the house without lying down for although he shall not sweat yet there will be a great dissipation of the vapors and venenate spirits by insensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the only communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it self in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advice of a Physician before the taking of the decoction of Guaicum so whilst he doth take it it much conduceth to keep the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat and driness of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veins by a glyster How long this decoct on must be used or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixth day But for the use of it we muââ warily observe taking indication not only from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanness and their skin drie and scaly whence you may gather a great adustion of the humors as it were a certain incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without Quick-silver and other such like things And then a very weak decoction of Guaicum shall be used for a few dâies before your unction with Quick-silver A more plentiful diet The manner of diet as it draws forth the disease which of its own nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hectick dryness Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudable juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much mo e cruelty to go about to contain all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damask prunes for I judg it far better to diet the patient with Lamb Veal Kid Pullets fat Larks and black-birds as those which have a greater familiarity with our bodies then Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread be made of white wheat To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drink be made of the mass or strainings of the first decoction of Guaicum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakness of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each a cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoid sleep presently after meat for so the head is filled with gross vapors Passions or perturbations of the minde must also be avoided for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all the delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venery wholly avoided as that which weakens all the nervous parts The description of China Many instead of a decoction of Guaicum use a decoction of China Now this China is the root of a certain Rush knotty rare and heavy when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it void of any effectual quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boiled in fountain or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â rad chin in taleol The preparation sect ⥠ii aquae font lbxii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take ⥠vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the mass remaining of the first but with a less quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boiling may draw forth the strength remaining in the mass and be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction thereof but that is wholly unprofitable and unuseful Of Sarsaparilla Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues Venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certain yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease be inveterate from an humor tough gross viscous and more tenaciously fixed in the solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumors of the bones for then we are so far from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary we bring the patient in danger of his life When the body
languisheth and becommeth dull By this we have delivered it may be perceived that the running of virulent strangury is not the running of a seminal humor fit for generation of issue but rather of a viscous and acrid filth which hath acquired a venenate malignity by the corruption of the whole substance CHAP. XVII Of the causes and differences of the scalding or sharpness of the urine The cause of a particular repletition of the privy parts THe heat or scalding of the water which is one kinde of the virulent strangury ariseth from some one of these three causes to wit repletition inanition and contagion That which proceeds from repletion proceeds either from too great abundance of blood or by a painful and tedious journy in the hot sun or by feeding upon hot acrid diuretick and flatulent meats causing tension and heat in the urinary parts whence proceeds the inflamation of them and the genital parts whence it happens that not only a seminal but also much other moisture may flow unto those parts but principally to the prostata which are glandules situate at the roots or beginning of the neck of the bladder in which place the spermatick vessels end also abstinence from venery causeth this plentitude in some who have usually had to do with women especially the expulsive faculty of the seminal and urinary parts being weak so that they are not of themselves able to free themselves from this burden For then the suppressed matter is corrupted and by its acrimony contracted by an adventitious and putredinous heat it causeth heat and pain in the passage forth The prostata swelling with such inflamed matter in process oftime become ulcerated the abscess being broken The purulent sanies dropping and flowing hence alongst the urinary passage causes the ulcers by acrimony which the urine falling upon exasperates whence sharp pain which also continueth for some short time after making of water and together therewith by reason of the inflamation the pains attraction and the vaporous spirits distension the yard stands and is contracted with pain as we noted in the former Chapter But that which happens through inanition The causes of the inanition of the genital parts is acquired by the moderate and unfit use of venery for hereby the oily and radical moisture of the fore-mentioned glandules is exhausted which wasted and spent the urine cannot but be troublesome and sharp by the way to the whole Vrethra From which sense of sharpe pain the scalding of the urine hath its denomination That which comes by contagion is caused by impure copulation with an unclean person or with a woman which some short while before hath received the tainted seed of a virulent person or else hath the whites or her privities troubled with hidden and secret ulcers or carrieth a virulent spirit shut up or hidden there which heated and resuscitated by copulation presently infects the whole body with the like contagion no otherwise then the sting of a Scorpion or Phalangium by casting a little poison into the skin presently infects the whole body the force of the poison spreading further then one would believe so that the party falls down dead in a short while after Thus therefore the seminal humor contained in the prostatae is corrupted by the tainture of the ill The reason of a contagious Strangury drawn thence by the yard and the contagion infects the part it self whence follows an abscess which âasting forth the virulency by the urinary passage causeth a virulent strangury and the malign vapor carried up with some portion of the humor unto the entrials and principal parts cause the Lues Venerea CHAP. XVIII Prognosticks in a virulent Strangury WEe ought not to be negligent or careless in cureing this affect for of it proceed pernicious accidents as we have formerly told you and neglected A virulent Strangury continues with some during their lives it becoms uncurable so that some have it run out of their urinary passage during their lives oftimes to their former misery is added a suppression of the urine the prostatae and neck of the bladder being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acrid or flatulent meats increase this inflamation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the Moon certain death follows upon such a stoppage An History as I observed in a certain man who troubled for ten years space with a virulent strangury at length died by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carried about him it happened on a certain time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might help him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vain when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard From what part the matter of a virulent strangury flows whereby you may gather that this virulency flows from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the reins as many have imagined Certainly a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certain particular Lues Venerea so that it cannot be cured unless by frictions with Hydragyrum But the ulcers which possess the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certain strings or membranous bodies coming forth in the urine to these may be added the far greater stench of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must we treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonorrhoea and virulent Strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chief heads of curing a Gonorrhoea LEt a Physician be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulness and abundance of blood and seminal matter Diet. all things shall be shunned which breed more blood in the body which increase seed and stir to venery Wherefore he must abstain from wine unless it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them to his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good For a Strangury occasioned by repletion as the carrying of heavy burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleep refrigerations of the loins and genital
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâaling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde âhe sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâis or a little desiâcatâvum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Êiss gum tragacanth Êss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an ⥠iiii To help the unsightly scarâ of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
the microcosmos or lesser world there are windes thunders earth-quakes showrs mundations of waters sterilityes fertilities stones mountains sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise For who can deny but that there is winde contained shut up in flatulent abscesses in the guts of those that are troubled with the colick Flatulencies make so great a noise in divers womens bellies if so be you stand near them that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night-time That water is contained in watery abscesses and the belly of such as have the dropsie is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles Of stones then the earth when it is heard to bellow and felt no shake under our feet He which shall see the stones which are taken out of the bladder and come from the kidnies and diveââe other parts of the body cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies Furthermore we see both men and women who in their face or some other parts shew the impression or imprinted figure of a cherry Of fruits from the first conformation plumb service fig mulberry and the like fruit the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty and the tenderness of the yielding and wax-like embryon easie to be brought into any form or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity For you shall finde that all their mothers whilst they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things which whilst they have to earnestly agitated in their mindes they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe whilst that they could not enjoy the things themselves Now who can deny but that the bunches of the back and large wens resemble mountains Who can gain-say but that the squalid sterility may be assimilate to the hectick driness of wasted and consumed persons and fertility deciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly But that âivers creatures are generated in one creature that is in man and that in sundry parts of him the following histories shall make it evident The figure of a scorpion It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and original of this Scorpion probable for that Chrysippus Dyophanes and Pliny write that of basil beaten between two stones and laid in the sun there will come Scorpions Lib. 5. de part morbic cap 7. Fernelius writes that in a certain souldier who was flat nosed upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certain filthy matter that flowed out of the nose that there were generated two hairy worms of the bigness of ones finger which at length made him mad he had no manifest fever and he died about the twentieth day this was their shape by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words The effigies of worms mentioned by Fernelius Lues Duret a man of great learning and credit An history told me that he had come forth with his urine after a long and difficult disease a quick creature of colour red but otherwise in shape like a Millepes that is a Cheslop or Hog-âouse The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine Count Charls of Mansfieldt last Summer troubled with a greivous and continual sever in the Duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard An history in the shape of a live thing almost just in this form The shape of a thing cast forth by urine Monstrous creatures also of sundry forms are also generated in the wombs of women somewhiles alone other whiles with a mola and sometime with a childe naturally and well made Nicolaus Flor God lib. 7. c. 18. as frogs toads serpents lizzards which therefore the Antients have termed the Lombards brethren for that it was usual with their women that together with their natural and perfect issue they brought into the world worms serpents and monstrous creatures of that kind generated in their wombs for that they alwayes more respected the decking of their bodies then they did their diet For it happened whilest they fed on fruits weeds trash and such things as were of ill juyce they generated a putrid matter or certainly very subject to putrefaction corruption and consequently opportune to generate such unperfect creatures Joubertas telleth that there were two Italian women that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth Lib. error popul the one that marryed a Taylor brought forth a thing so little that it resembled a Rat without a tail but the other a Gentlewoman brought forth a larger for it was of the bigness of a Cat both of them were black and as soon as they came out of the womb they ran up high on the wall and held fast thereon with their nails Lycosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia in the street which taketh name from the holy Ghost was delivered of a dead childe who had a Serpent fastned upon his back which fed upon this dead childe as you may perceive by this following figure The figure of a Serpent fastened to a Childe Levinus Lemnius tells a very strange history to this purpose Some few years agone saith he a certain woman of the Isle in Flanders which being with child by a Sailor Lib. de occult nat mir cap. 8. her belly swelled up so speedily that it seemed she would not be able to carry her burden to the term prescribed by nature her ninth month being ended she calls a Midwife and presently after strong throws and pains she first brought forth a deformed lump of flesh having as it were to handles on the sides stretched forth to the length and manner of arms and it moved and panted with a certain vital motion after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles but afterwards there came forth of her womb a monster with a crooked nose a long and round neck terrible eyes a sharp tail and wonderful quick of the feet it was shaped much after this manner The shape of a monster that came forth of a Womans womb As soon as it came into the light it filled the whole room with a noise and hissing running to every side to finde out a lurking hole wherein to hide its head but the women which were present with a joynt consent fell upon it and smothered it with cushions at length the poor woman wearied with long travel was delivered of a boy but so evilly entreated and handled by this monster that it died as soon as it was christned Lib. de divinis natur Characterismis Cornelius Gemma a Physician of Lovain telleth that there were many very monstrous and strange things cast forth both upwards and downwards out of the belly of a certain maid of
great driness of the aspera arteria Why they shun the light they shun the light as that which is enemy to melancholy wherewith the whole substance of the brain is replenished on the contrary they desire darkness Why they are affraid of the water as that which is like and friendly to them But they are affraid of the water though good to mitigate their great distemper of heat and driness and they flie from looking-glasses because they imagin they see dogs in them whereof they are much affraid by reason whereof they shun the water and all polite and clear bodies which may supply the use of a looking-glass so that they throw themselves on the ground as if they would hide themselves therein lest they should be bitten again for they affirm that he which is bitten by a mad dog alwaies hath a dog in his mind and so remains fixed in that sad cogitation Wherefore thinking that he sees him in the water he trembles for fear and therefore shuns the water Others write that the body by madness becometh wondrous dry wherefore they hate the water as that which is contrary thereto being absolutely the moistest element and so they say that this is the reason of their fearing the water Ruffus writes that madness is a kind of melancholy and that fear is the proper symptom thereof according to Hippocrates Aphor. 25. sec 6. wherefore this or that kind of melancholy begets a fear of these or these things but chiefly of bright things such as looking-glasses and water by reason that melancholick persons seek darkness and solitariness by reason of the black corruption of the humor wherewith they abound They fall into cold sweats a foamy stinking and greenish matter flows from the ulcer by reason of the heat of the antecedent cause and ulcerated part The urine most commonly appears watrish by reason that the strainers as it were of the kidnies are straitned by the heat and driness of the venome Yet sometimes also it appears more thick and black as when nature powerfully using the expulsive faculty attempts to drive forth by urine the melancholick humor the seat of the venom Also sometimes it is wholly supprest being either incrassated by hot driness or else the mind being carried other-waies and forgetful of its own duty untill at length the patients The bite of a mad dog taken in hand in time is for the mâst part curable vexed by the cruelty of so many symptoms and overcome by the bitterness of pain die frantick by reason that medicines have not been speedily and fitly applied For few of those who have used remedies in time have perished of this disease CHAP. XIII Prognosticks WEe cannot so easily shun the danger we are incident to by mad dogs The venom of a mad dog applied outwardly only may cause madness as that of other beasts by reason he is a domestick creature and housed under the same roof with us The virulency that resides in his foam or slaver is hot and dry malign venenate and contagious so that it causeth a distemper like to it self in the body whereto it shall apply it self and spread it self over the whole body by the arteries for it doth not only hurt when as it is taken in by a bite or puncture but even applied to the skin unless it be forthwith washed away with salt water or urine Neither doth this venome hurt equally or at all times alike for it harms more or less according to the inclination of the air to heat or cold the depth of the wound the strength of the patients body and the ill humors thereof and their disposition to putrefaction the freedom and largeness of the passages Now malign symptoms happen sooner or later Whether the Hidrephebia oâ fear of water be incureable as in some about the fortieth day in others about six months and in others a year after There be some who thereupon are troubled with the falling-sicknes and at length grow mad such as fall into a fear of the water never recover Yet Avicen thinks their case is not desperate if as yet they can know their face in a glass for hence you may gather An history that all the animal faculties are not yet overthrown but that they stand in need of strong purgations as wee shal shew hereafter Aetius tells that there was a certain Philosopher An history who taken with this disease and a fear of water when as he descended with a great courage unto the bath and in the water beholding the shape of the dog that bit him he made a stand but ashamed thereof he forthwith cried out Quid cani cum Balneo i. e. What hath a dog to do with a Bath which words being uttered he threw himself forcibly into the Bath and fearlesly drank of the water thereof and so was freed from his disease together with his erroneous opinion It is a deadly sign to tumble themselves on the ground to have an hoars voice for that is an argument that the weazon is become rough by reason of too excessive driness Finally the principal parts being possessed there is no recovery or life to be hoped for Men may well fall mad though they be not bit by a mad dog For as the humors are often inflamed of themselves and cause a Cancer or Leprosie so do they also madness in melancholick persons The bites of vipers and other venomous creatures cause not like symptoms to these that come by the biteing of a mad deg because they die before such can come forth or shew themselves Great wounds made by mad dogs are not equally so dangerous as little for from the former great plenty of venemous matter flows out but in the later it is almost all kept in CHAP. XIV What cure must be used to such as are bitten by a mad Dog An history THis case also requires speedy remedies for such things are in vain which come long after the hurt The Lawyer Baldus experienced this to his great harm for being by chance lightly bit in the lip by a little dog wherewith he was delighted not knowing that he was mad and neglecting the wound by reason of the smallness thereof after some four months space he died mad having then in vain assayed all manner of medicines Wherefore observing these things both for evacuation as also for alteration which we have formerly mentioned in the general cure of wounds inflicted by the bite or sting of venomous creatures and by all the means there specified we must draw forth the venom and if the wound be large then suffer it to bleed long and much for so some part of the poison will be exhausted if it be not great it shall be enlarged by scarification or an occult cautery neither shall it be healed or closed up at the soonest The force of Sorrel till forty daies be passed Sorrel beaten and applied to the wound and the decoction
have made mention of Bezoar in treating of the remedies of poysons I judge I shall not do amiss If I shall explain what the word means and the reason thereof Poyson absolutely taken is that which kills by a certain specifick antipathy contrary to our nature So an Antidote or Counter-poyson is by the Arabians in their mother tongue termed Bedezahar as the preservers of life This word is unknown to the Greeks and Latines and in use only with the Arabians and Persians because the thing it self first came from them as it is plainly shewed by Garcias ab horto Physician to the vice-roy of the Indies in his history of the Spices and Simples of the East-Indies In Persia saith he and a certain part of India is a certain kinde of Goat called Pazain wherefore in proper speaking the stone should be termed Pazar or the word Pazain that signifies a Goat but we corruptly term it Bezar or Bezoar the colour of this beast is commonly reddish the height thereof indifferent in whose stomach concretes the hoâe called Bezoar it grows by little and little about a straw or some such like substance in scales like to the scales of an onion so that when as the first scale is taken off the next appears more smooth and shining as you still take them away the which amongst others is the sign of good Bezoar and not adulterate This stone is found in sundry shapes but commonly it resembles an Aâorn or Date-stone A sign of true Bezoar it is sometimes of a sanguin colour and otherwhiles of a honie-like or yellowish colour but most frequently of a blackish or dark green resembling the colour of mad apples or else of a Civet-Cat This stone hath no heart nor kernel in the midst but powder in the cavity thereof which is also of the same faculty Now this stone is light and not very hard but so that it may easily be scraped or rasped like Alablaster so that it will dissolve being long macerated in water at first it was common amongst us and of no very great price because our people who trafficked in Persia The use of Bezoar bought it at an easie rate But after that the faculties thereof were found out it began to be more rare and dear and it was prohibited by an Edict from the King of the Country that nobody should sell a Goat to the stranger-Merchants unless he first killed him and took forth the stone and brought it to the King Of the notes by which the stone is tried for there are many counterfeit brought hither the first is already declared the other is it may be blown up by the breath like an Oxes hide for if the winde break through and do not stay in the density thereof it is accounted counterfeit They use it induced thereto by our example not onely against poysons but also against the bites of venomous beasts The richer sort of the Country purge twice a year to wit in March and September and then five daies together they take the powder of this stone macerated in Rose-water the weight of ten grains at a time for by this remedy they think their youth is preserved as also the strength of their members There be some who take the weight of thirty Grains yet the more wary exceed not twelve grains The same Author addeth that he useth it with very good success in inveterate melancholick diseases as the itch scab tetters and leprosie therefore by the same reason it may well be given against a quartane fever Besides he affirmeth for certain that the powder contained in the midst of the stone put upon the bites of venomous beasts presently freeth the patient from the danger of the poyson as also applied to the pestilent Carbuncles when they are opened it draws forth the venom But because the small pox and meazles are familiar in the Indies and oftimes dangerous Lib. 5 in Diosc cap. 73. it is there given with good success two grains each day in Rose-water Matthiolus subscribeth to this opinion of Garcis witnessing that he hath found it by frequent experience that this stone by much exceeds not onely other simple medicines of this kinde but also such as are termed theriacalia and what other Antidotes soever Hereto also consents Abdanalarach Wee saith he have seen the stone which they call Bezahar with the sons of Almirama the observer of the Law of the God with which stone he bought a starely and almost princely house at Corduba An history Some years ago a certain Gentleman who had one of these stones which he brought out of Spain bragged before King Charles then being at Clermount in Avern of the most certain efficacy of this stone against all manner of poysons Then the King asked of mee whether there were any Antidote which was equally and in like manner prevalent against all poysons No one thing can be an Antidote against all poysons I answered that nature could not admit it for neither have all poysons the like effects neither do they arise from one cause for some work from an occule and specifick property of their whole nature others from some elementary quality which is predominant Wherefore each must be withstood with its proper and contrary Antidote as to the hot that which is cold and to that which assails by an occult propriety of form another which by the same force may oppugn it and that it was an easie matter to make trial hereof on such as were condemned to be hanged The motion pleased the King there was a Cook brought by the Jailor who was to have been hanged with in a while after for stealing two silver-dishes out of his masters house Yet the King desired first to know of him whether he would take the poyson on this condition that if the Antidote which was predicated to have singular power against all manner of poysons which should be presently given him after the Poyson should free him from death that then he should have his life saved The Cook answered chearfully that he was wiling to undergo the hazard yea greater matters not onely to save his life but to shun the infamy of the death he was like to be adjudged to Therefore he then had poyson given him by the Apothecary that then waited presently after the poyson some of the Bedezahar brought from Spain which being taken down within a while after he began to vomit and to avoid much by stool with grievous torments and to cry out that his inward parts were burnt with fire Wherefore being thirsty and desiring water they gave it him an hour after with the good leave of the Jaylor I was admitted to him I find him on the ground going like a beast upon hands and feet with his tongue thrust forth of his mouth his eies fiery vomiting with store of cold sweats and lastly the blood flowing forth by his ears nose mouth fundament and yard I gave him eight ounces of
thin and serous although the pestilence doth not alwaies necessarily arise from hence but some-whiles some other kind of cruel and infectious disease How the air may be corrupted But neither is the air only corrupted by these superiour causes but also by putrid and filthy stinking vapors spread abroad through the air encompassing us from the bodies and carkasses of things not buried gapings and hollownesses of the earth or sinks and such like places being opened for the sea often overflowing the land in some places and leaving in the mud or hollownesses of the earth caused by earth-quakes the huge bodies of monstrous fishes which it hides in its waters hath given both the occasion and matter of a plague For thus in out time a Whale cast upon the Tuscan shore presently caused a plague over all that country But as fishes infect and breed a plague in the air so the air being corrupted often causeth a pestilence in the sea among fishes especially when they either swim on the top of the water or are infected by the pestilent vapors of the earth lying under them and rising into the air through the body of the water the later whereof Aristotle saith hapneth but seldom Lib. 8. hist ânim But it often chanceth that the plague raging in any country many fishes are cast upon the coast and may be seen lying on great heaps But sulphureous vapors or such as partake of any other malign qualiy sent forth from places under ground by gapings and gulfs opened by earth-quakes not only corrupt the air but also infect and raint the seeds plants and all the fruites which we eat and so transfer the pestilent corruption into us and those beasts on which we feed together with our norishment The truth whereof Empedocles made manifest who by shutting up a great gulf of the earth opened in a valley between two mountains freed all Sicily from a plague caused from thence If winds rising suddenly shall drive such filthy exhalations from those regions in which they were pestiferous into other places they also will carry the plague with them thither If it be thus some will say it should seem that wheresoever stinking and putrid exhalations arise as about standing-pools sinks and shambles there should the plague reign and straight suffocate with its noysom poyson the people which work in such places but experience finds this false We do answer that the Putrefaction of the Plague is far different Pestiferous putrefaction is far different from ordinary putrefaction and of another kinde then this common as that which partakes of a certain secret malignity and wholly contrary to our lives and of which we cannot easily give a plain and manifest reason Yet that vulgar putrefaction wheresoever it doth easily and quickly entertain and welcome the pestiferous contagion as often as and whensoever it comes as joyned to it by a certain familiarity and at length it self degenerating into a pestiferous malignity certainly no otherwise then those diseases which arise in the plague-time the putrid diseases in our bodies which at the first wanted viâulency and contagion as Ulcers putrid Fevers and other such diseases In a pestilent constitution of the air all diseases become pestilent Lib. 1. de differâ fâb raised by the peculiar default of the humors easily degenerate into pestilence presently receiving the tainture of the plague to which they had before a certain preparation Wherefore in time of the Plague I would advise all men to shun such exceeding stinking places as they would the plague it self that there may be no preparation in our bodies or humors to catch that infection without which as Galen teacheth the Agent hath no power over the Subject for otherwise in a plague-time the sickness would equally seize upon all so that the impression of the pestiferous quality may presently follow that disposition But when we say the air is pestilent we do not understand that sincere elementary How the air may be said to putrefie and simple as it is of its own nature for such is not subject to putrefaction but that which is polluted with ill vapors rising from the earth standing-waters vaults or sea and degenerates and is changed from its native purity and simplicity But certainly amongst all the constitutions of the air fit to receive a pestilent corruption here is none more fit then an hot moist and still season for the excess of such qualities easily causeth putrefaction Wherefore the south winde reigning A Southerly constitution of the air is the fuel of the Plague which is hot and moist and principally in places near the sea there flesh cannot long be kept but it presently is tainted and corrupted Further we must know that the pestilent malignity which riseth from the carkasses or bodies of men is more easily communicated to men that which riseth from oxen to oxen and that which comes from sheep to sheep by a certain sympathy and familiarity of Nature no otherwise then the Plague which shall seize upon some one in a Family doth presently spread more quickly amongst the rest of the Family by reason of the similitude of temper then amongst others of an other Family disagreeing in their whole temper Therefore the air thus altered and estranged from its goodness of nature necessarily drawn in by inspiration and transpiration brings in the seeds of the Plague and so consequently the Plague it self into bodies prepared and made ready to receive it CHAP. IV. Of the preparation of humors to putrefaction and admission of pestiferous impressions HAving shewed the causes from which the air doth putrefie become corrupt and is made partaker of a pestilent and poysonous constitution we must now declare what things may cause the humors to putrefie and make them so apt to receive and retain the pestilent air and venenate quality Humors putrefie either from fulness which breeds obstruction or by distemperate excess Three causes of the putrefaction of humors or lastly by admixture of corrupt matter evil juice which ill feeding doth specially cause to abound in the body For the Plague often follows the drinking of dead and mustie wines muddy and standing waters which receive the sinks and filth of a City and fruits and pulse eaten without discretion in scarcity of other corn as Pease Beans Lentils Vetches Acrons the roots of Fern and Grass made into Bread For such meats obstruct heap up ill humors in the body and weaken the strength of the faculties from whence proceeds a putrefaction of humors and in that putrefaction a preparation and disposition to receive conceive and bring forth the seeds of the Plague which the filthy scabs malign sores rebellious ulcers putrid fevers being all fore-runners of greater putrefaction and corruption Passions of the minde help forward the Putrefaction of the humors do testifie Vehement passions of the minde as anger sorrow grief vexation and fear help forward this corruption of humors all which
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must âhuse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat âew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâe half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â aquar ros plantag solan an ⥠iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an ⥠iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê iii. theriac vet ⥠ss camph. â âi croci â i. carioph Ê ss misce fiat epithema Or else â aqu ros plantag an ⥠x. aceti ros ⥠iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê i ss camphurae moschi an â i. fiat epithema Or â aquar rosar melissae an ⥠iv aceti ros ⥠iii. sant rub Ê i. caryophil Ê ss croci â ii camphurae â i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Êi fiat epithema Or else â aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ ss theriac mithridat an Êi fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
notwihstanding will suddenly bring the patient to destruction like those that are black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kinds of tumors CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appears apply a Cupping-glass with a great flame unto it The use of cupping-glasses in curing of a Bubo unless it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skin must be anointed with the oil of Lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glass may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to stick to the part for the space of a quarter of an hour and be renewed and applied again every three quarters of an hour for so at length the venom should be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak the work of suppuration or resolution which so ever nature hath assailed will the better and sooner be absolved and perfected which may be also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Vnguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a half oil of Scorpions half an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae half a dram this liniment will very well relax and loosen the skin open the pores thereof and spend forth portion of the matter which the Cupping-glass hath drawn thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may be made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A visicatory applyed in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above A liniment as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder blade on the same side if it be in the arm-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arm or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venom is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsmart Bear-foot Briony the middle bark of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-power are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each half a dram A compound vesicatory of sower leaven two drams of Mustard one dram and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restrain the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oil or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coal on the place for so you may raise blisters which must presently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open and flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red-colworts Beets or Ivy dipped in warm water and annointed with oil or fresh butter Some apply Cauteries Why vesicatories are better then cauteries in a pestilent Bubo but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may die therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venom because that doth work rather by its quality then by its quantity Let the abscess be fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue Strong drawing cataplasmes then rost it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines-grease and so apply it warm unto the abscess or sore let it be changed every six hours Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each half a pound of Line Fenugreek and mustard-seeds of each half an ounce of Treacle one dram ten Figs and as much Hogs-grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasm according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlick rosted in the Embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sowr leaven adding thereto Vnguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dram Mithridate half a dram of old Hogs-grease one ounce of Cantharides in powder one scruple of Pigeons-dung two drams beat them and mix them together into the form of a cataplasm Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therefore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these until the abscess be grown unto its full ripeness and bigness but it presently after the beginning there be great inflammation with sharp pain as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles we must abstain from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplastick and clammy because they do altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter then the part can bear whereof cometh rather corruption then maturation and last of all because they increase the fever and pain which infer the danger of a Convulsion or mortal Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate local medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sortel rosted under the coals Galen's pultise and such like Against such as cut away Plague-sores There are many that for fear of death have with their own hands pulled away the Bubo with a pair of Smiths-pincets others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their own hand that the venom might have a passage forth of all which I do not allow one for such abscesses do not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means increased and the humor is made more malign and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relax open the pores of the skin and digest portion of the venom by transpiration A digestive fomentaâion as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each six ounces of Camomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful of Lin-seeds half an ounce of the leaves of Rue half an handful boil them and strain them dip sponges in the straining An anodyne Cataplasm and therewith let the tumor be fomented along time Or take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with Treacle-water or with Aqua-vitae and Cows-milk or Goats-milk and the yelks of three Eggs put them all on stupes or flax and apply them warm unto the place Or take of sowr Rie-leaven
of an Onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oil of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veins by these means come to shew themselves they shall be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or Fig-leaves or a raw Onion or an Ox-gall mixt with some powder of Collequintida Lastly you may apply Horse-leeches or you may open them with â lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swoln with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be staid by the same means as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stâol or a flax of the belly NAture oftentimes both by it self of its own accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sink of the body the whole matter of a pestilânt disease whence are caused Diarrhaeas Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kinds of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thin and sincere that is retain the nature of one and that a simple humor as of choler melancholy or phlegm and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or freâting pain then it is a Diarrhaea What a Diarrhaea is which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of tâe stomach and guts caused by ill humors either there collected or flowing from some other ãâã or by a cold and moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude and almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft-times mixt with blood What a Disenteria is are cast forth with pâiââg gâipings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acrid choler fretting in sunder the coats of the vessels But ãâ¦ã âny kind of disease certainly in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted grease yellow red purple green ash-coloured black and exceeding stinking The cause of various and stinking excrements in the Plague The cause is various and many sorts of ill humors which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turn into divers species differing in their whole kind both from their particulâr as also from nature in general by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable sign is stench which is oft-times accompanied by worms In the camp at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was over all the Camp An history in this the strongest souldiers purged forth meer blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraick veins and arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the Summers sun and the minds of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acrid and cholerick humor was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements then by the site of the pain therefore in the one you must rather work by clysters but in the other by medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavors to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the mean while doth it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of ⥠ss of hiera simplex and a dram of Diaphaenicon dissolved in Worm-wood wateâ A person Also Clysters are good in this case not only for that they asswage the gripings and pains and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraick veins and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it self from the noxious humors In such Clysters they also sometimes mix two or three drams of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retund the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose Suppositories of boiled hony ⥠i of hiera picra and common salt of each Ê ss or that they may be the stronger of hony ⥠iii. of Ox-gall ⥠i. of Scammony Euphorbium and Coloquintida powdred of each Ê ss Suppositories The want of these may be supplyed by Nodulas made in this form â vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an ⥠ss salis tom Êss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen rags and then bound up into Noduleas of the bigness of a Fil-berd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acrid by adding some powder of Eupporbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the flux of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death if they shall appear to be such A hasty pudding to stay the lask they must be staied in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat-flower boiled in the water of the decoction of one Pomegranat Berberies Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata white Poppy-seeds of each Êi The following Almond-milk strengthens the stomach and mitigates the acrimony of the cholerick humor provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of Barly wherein steel or non hath been quenched âeat them in a marble-mortar and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond-mâlk whereto adding Êi of Diarhâden Abbatis you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelain the Kings chief Physician who received it of his father and held it as a great secret and was wont to prescribe it with happy success to his patients D. Chappâlains medecine to stay a scouring It is ãâã â beââârmen terrae sigil l. pid hamat an Êi picis nâvalis Ê i ss coral rub marg ãâã cârâ câvi âst ãâã in aq p. aât an â succar r. s ⥠ii fiat pu vis Of this let the patient take a ãâã before meat or with the yâlk of an egg Chrisââpher Anarââ in his ãâã much commendeth dogs-dung when as the dog hath for three dries before âeen fed only with bones Qââces rosted in members or boâled in a pot the Conserve of Cornelian-cherries Preserved Berberies and Myrabolans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomach and stay the lask the patient must feed upon good meats Drink and these rather rosted then boiled His drink shall be caliâââate-water of the decoctâon of sower Pomegranats beaten or of the
grains of Treacle dissolved with a little of the syrup of Succory in some cordial water or the broth of a Capon unless that any had rather give it with Conserve of Roses in form of a bole but Treacle must be given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humors it infer a fever Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a Capon seasoned with Sorrel Lettuce Purslain and cooling seeds adding thereto Bole-Armenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce being tied in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For Bole-Armenick whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this virtue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it careth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may be cured by physick Lib. 9 simp ca 7 so that those that cannot be cured with Bole-Armenick cannot be preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warm moist and vaporous The benefit of children they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of Parslie-seeds Prunes Figs and the roots of Sorrel with a little of the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply sponges dipped and pressed out in the hot decoction of Sage Rosemary Lavender Bays Commomile Melilot and Mallows or else Swines bladders half filled with the same decoction to the arm-holes and to the groins In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to cool them Also let a nodula of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses be applied to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftententimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venom being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet and cordial things applied to the nostrils nature must be recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may be better able to expel the venom After that the sweat is wiped away it were very profitable to take a potion of Conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory dissolved in the waters of Bugloss and Sorrel the better to cool and defend the heart If there appear any tumor under the arm-holes or in the groin let it be brought to maturations with mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or cataplasm alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the age of the Infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubard in powder one dram The soâm of a purge to be given to a childe infuse it in the âater of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinnamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrup of roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the câre of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Fever as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my self by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortal men enjoy the true and certain preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The end of the twentie second Bood The THREE and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Means and Manner to repair or supply the natural or accidental defects or wants in Mans body CHAP. I. How the loss of the natural or true eie may be covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Books of Tumors Wounds Vlcers Fractures and Luxations by what means things dissolved and dislocated might be united things united separated The fourth duty of a Surgeon and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remains that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgion which is to supply or repair those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by any inflammation any mans eie happen to be broken or put out and the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroke or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eie yet you may cover the deformity of the eie so lost which is all you can do in such a case by this means If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eie artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightness or gemmy decency of the natural eie into the place of the eie that is so lost The forms of eies artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other means cannot wear this eie so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiâe of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eat-wiers made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behind above the ear unto the greater corner of the eie this rod or wier must be covered with silk and it must also be somewhat broad at both ends lest that the sharpness thereof should pierce or prick any part that it cometh unto But that end wherewith the empty hollowness must be covered ought to be broader then the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eie that is loâ may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a sââing or wier The form of an iron wier wherewith the deformity of an eie that is lost may be shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what means a part of the Nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole Nose is cut off from the face or portion of the nostrils from the Nose it cannot be restored or joyned again for it is not in men as it is in plants For plants have a weak and feeble heat and furthermore Why the parts of plants being cut off may grow again but those of man cannot it is equally dispersed into all the substance of the plant or
be under-layed whither the foot did incline before it was restord The form of little Boots whereof the one is open and the other shut CHAP. XII By what means Arms Legs and Hands may bee made by art and placed in stead of the natural Arms Legs or Hands that are cut off and lost NEcessitie oftentimes constrain's us to finde out the means whereby wee may help and imitate nature and supplie the defect of members that are perished and lost And hereof it cometh that wee may perform the functions of going standing and handling with arms and hands made by art and undergo our necessarie flexions and extensions with both of them I have gotten the forms of all those members made so by art and the proper names of all the Engines and Instuments whereby those artificially made are called to my great cost and charges of a most ingenuous and excellent Smith dwelling at Paris who is called of those that know him and also of strangers by no other name than the little Lorain and here I have caâssed them to be portraied or set down that those that stand in need of such things after the example of them may caus som Smith or such like work-man to serv them in the like case They are not onely profitable for the necessitie of the bodie but also for the decencie and comliness thereof And here followeth their forms The form of an Hand made artificially of iron This figure following sheweth the back-side of an Hand artificially made and so that it may bee tied to the arm or sleev The form of an Arm made of iron verie artificially The description of Leggs made artificially of iron The form of a wodden Leg made for poor men A. Sheweth the stump or stock of the woodden Leg. BB. Sheweth the two staies which must bee on both sides of the Leg the shorter of them must bee on the inner side CC. sheweth the pillow or ââlster whereon the knee must rest in the bottom betweene the two staies that so it may rest the softer DD. Sheweth the thongs or girths with their round buckles put through the two staies on either side to stay the knee in his place firm and immoovable that it slip not aside E. Sheweth the thigh it self that you may know after what fashion it must stand It happen's also manie times that the patient that had the nervs or tendons of his Leg wounded long after the wound is whole and consolidated cannot go but with verie great pain and torment by reason that the foot cannot follow the muscle that should draw it up That this maladie may bee remedied you ought to fasten a linnen band made verie strong unto the shoo that the patient weareth on that his pained foot and at the knee it must have a slit where the knee may com forth in bowing of the Leg and it must bee trussed up fast unto the patient 's middle that it may the better lift up and erect the foot in going This band is marked in the figure following with the letters AA CHAP. XIII Of amending or helping lameness or halting HAlting is not only a great deformity but also very troublesome and grievous Therefore if that any be grieved therewith by reason that one of his legs is shorter then the other it may be holpen by putting under his short foot this sitting crutch which we are now ââout to describe For by the help of this he shall not only go upright but also more easily and with little labor or no pain at all It was taught me by Nicolas Piccard Chirurgian to the Duke of Lââin The form thereof is this A. Sheweth the staff or stilt of this crutch which must be made of wood B. Sheweth the seat of iron âhereon the thigh resteth just under the buttock C. Sheweth a prop which stayeth up the seat whereon all the weight of the Patients body resteth D. Sheweth the stirrup being made of iron and bowing crooked upwards that the foot may stand firm and not slip off it when the Patient goeth E. Sheweth the prop that stayeth or holdeth up the stirrup to strengthen it F. Sheweth the foot of the stilt or crutch made of iron with many pikes and compassed with a ring or ferule so to keep it from slipping G. The cross or head of the crutch which the Patient must put under his arm-hole to lean upon as it is to be seen in the figure The end of the three and twentieth Book The FOUR and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the GENERATION of MAN THE PREFACE The distinction of male and female GOD the Creator and maker of all things immediately after the Creation of the World of his unspeakable counsel and inestimable wisdom not onây distinguisâed mankinde âuâ all ãâã living Creatures also into a double sex to wit of Male and Female that so they ãâã moved and enticed by the allurements of lust might desire copulation thence to have âââcreation The cause of this distinction For this bountiful Lord hath appointed it as a solace unto every living creature against the most certain and fatal necessity of death than for as much as each particuâ living creature cannot continue for ever yet they may endure by their species or kind by prâpagation and succession of creatures which is by procreation so long as the world endureth In this conjunction or ãâã repleniâhed with such delectable pleasure which God hath chiefly established by the law of Matrimony the male and female yield forth their seeds which presently mixed and conjoyned are received and kept in the females womb What seed is For the seed is a certain spumâus âr foamy humor replenished with vital spirit by the benâfit whereof as it were by a certain ebullition or fermentation it is puffed up and swoln bigger and both the seeds being separated from the more pure bloud of both the Parents are the material and formal beginning of the issuâ for the seed of the male being cast and received into the womb is accounted the principal and efficient cause but the seed of the female is reputed the subjâcent matter or the matter wherein it worketh Gooâ and laudable seed ought to be white The conditions of good seed shining clammy knotty smelling like unto the elder or palm delectable to Bees and sinking down in the bottom of water being put into it for that which swimmeth on the water is esteemed unfruitful for a great portion cometh from the brain yet sâme thereof falls from the whâle bâdy and from all the parts both firm and soft thereof Seed falleth from all the parts of the body For unless it come from the whole body and every part thereof all and every part of the issue cannot be formed thereby because like things are engendred of theââ like and therefore it cometh that the childe resemâleth the Parents not only in stature and favâur but also in the conformation and proportion of his limbs and members and complexion and
temperature of his inâward parts so that disâases are oft times hereditary the weakness of this or that entral being translated from the parent to the child Wherefore many diseases are heredetary How seed is to be understood to faâl from the whole body There are some which suppose this falling of the seed from the whole bodie not to âe uâderstood according to the weight and matter as if it were a certain portion of all the bloud separated from the rest but according to the power and form that is to say the animal natural and vital spirits being the frâmers of formation and life and also the formative faculty to fall down from all the parts into the seed that is wrought or perfected by the Testicles for proof and confirmation whereof they alledge that many perfect sound absolute and well proportioned children are born of âame and decrepit Parents CHAP. I. Why the generative parts are endued with great pleasure What moveth a man to copulation A Certain great pleasure accompanieth the function of the parts appointed for generation and before it in living creatures that are of a lusty age when matter aboundeth in those parts there goeth a certain fervent or furious desire the causes thereof many of which the chiefest is That the kind may be preserved and kept for ever by the propagation and substitâtion of other living creatures of the same kind For brute beasts which want reason and therefore cannot be sol citous for the preservation of their kind never come to carâal copulation unless they be moved thereunto by a certain vehement provocation of unbridled lust and as it were by the stimulation of Venery But man that is endued with reason being a divine and most noble creature would never yield nor make his minde subject to a thing so abject and filthy as is carnal copulation but that the Venereous ticklings raised in those parts relax the severity of his minde or reason admonisheth him that the memory of his name ought not to end with his life but to be preserved unto all generations as far as may be possible by the propagation of hâs seed or issue Therefore by reason of this profit or commodity nature hath endued the genitals with a far more exact or exquisite sense then the other parts by sending the great sinews unto them and moreover she hath caused them to be bedewed or moistned with a certain whayish humor not much unlike the seed sent from the glandules or kernels called prostata situated in men at the beginning of the neck of the bladder but in women at the bottom of the womb this moisture hath a certain sharpness or biting for that kind of humors of all others can chiefly provoke those parts to their function or office and yeeld them a d lectable pleasure while they are in execution of the same For even so whayish and sharp humors when they are gathered together under the skin if they wax warm tickle with a certain pleasant itching and by their motion infer delight but the nature of the genital parts or members is not stirred up or provoked to the expulsion of the seed with these provocations of the humors abounding either in quantity or quality only but a certain great and hot spirit or breath contained in those parts doth begin to dilate it self more and more which causeth a certain incredible excess of pleasure or voluptuousness wherewith the genitals being replete are spread forth or distended every way unto their ful greatness The yard is given to men whereby they may cast out their seed directly or straitly into the womans womb and the the neck of the womb to women whereby they may receive that seed so cast forth by the open or wide mouth of the same neck and also that they may cast forth their own seed sent through the speâmatick vessels unto their testicles The cause of folding of the spermatick vessels these spermatick vessels that is to say the vein lying above and the artery lying below do make many flexions or windings yet one as many as the other like unto the tendâils of vines diversly platted or folded together and in those folds or bendings the blood and spirit which are carried unto the testiles are concocted a longer time and so converted into a white seminal substance The lower of these flexions or bowings do end in the stones or testicles But the testicles forasmuch as they are loose thin and spongeous or hollow receiving the humor which was begun to be concocted in the fore-named vessels concoct it again themselves but the testicles of men concoct the more perfectly for the procreation of the issue and the testicles of women more imperfectly because they are more cold less weak and feeble Wâmens testicles more imperfect but the seed becommeth white by the contact or touch of the testicles because the substance of them is white The male is such as engendreth in another and the female in her self by the spermatick vessels which are implanted in the inner capacity of the womb Why many men and women abhor venerous copulation But out of all doubt unless nature had prepared so many allurements baits and provocations of pleasure there is scarce any man so hot and delighted in venerous acts which considering and marking the pâace appointed for humane conception the loathsomness of the filth which daily falleth down into it and wherewithall it is humected and moistned and the vicinity and nearness of the great gut under it and of the bladder above it but would shun the embraces of women Nor would any women desire the company of man which once premeditates or fore-thinks with her self on the labour that she should sustain iâ bearing the burthen of her childe nine moneths and of the almost deadly pains that she shall suffer in her delivery Men that use too frequent copulation Why the str ngury ensueth immoderate copulation oftentimes in stead of seed cast forth a crude and bloody humor and sometimes meer blood it self and oft-times they can hardly make water but with great pain by reason that the clammy and oily moisture which nature hath placed in the glandules called prostatae to make the passage of the urine slippery and to defend it against the sharpness of the urine that passeth through it is wasted so that afterward they shall stand in need of rhe help of a Surgeon to cause them to make water with ease and without pain by injecting of a little oyl out of a Syringe into the conduit of the yard What things necessary unto generation For in generation it is fit the man cast forth his seed into the womb with a certain impetuosity his yard being stiff and distended and the woman to receive the same without delay into her womb being wide open lest that through delay the seed wax cold and so become unfruitful by reason that the spirits are dissipated and consumed The yard is
wherein they are wrapped They must not be rocked too violently in the cradle lest that the milk that is sucked should be corrupted by the too violent motion by reason whereof they must not be handled violently any other way and not altogether prohibited or not suffered to cry For by crying the breast and lungs are dilated and made bigger and wider What moderate crying worketh in the infant What immoderate crying causeth the natural parts the stronger and the brain nostrills the eyes and mouth are purged by the tears and filth that come from the eyes and nostrils But they must not be permitted to cry long or fiercely for fear of breaking the production of the Peritenaeum and thereby causing the falling down of the guts into the cod which rupture is called of the Greeks Enterocele or of the caul which the Greeks call Epiplocele CHAP. XXIV Of the weaning of Children MAny are weaned in the eighteenth month some in the twentieth but all When childreâ must be weaned or the most part in the second year for then their teeth appear by whose presence nature seemeth to require some harder meat then milk or pap wherewith children are delighted and will feed more earnestly thereon But there is no certain time of weaning of children For the teeth of some will appear sooner and some later for they are prepared of nature for no other purpose then to chaw the meat If children be weaned before their teeth appear and be fed with meat that is somewhat hard and solid according to the judgment of Avicen they are incident to many diseases comming through crudity because the stomach is yet but weak Why children must not be weaned before their teeth appear How children must be weaned and wanteth that preparation of the meats which is made in the mouth by chawing which men of ripe years cannot want without offence when the child is two years old and the teeth appear if the child more vehemently desire harder meats and doth feed on them with pleasure and good success he may be safely weaned for it cannot be supposed that he hath this appetite of hard meats in vain by the instinct of nature Yet he may not be weaned without such an appetite if all other things be correspondent that is to say his teeth and age for those things that are eaten without an appetite cannot profit But if the childe be weak sickly or feeble he ought not to be weaned And when the meet time of weaning commeth the Nurse must now and then use him to the tear whereby he may leave it by little and little and then let the teat be anointed or rubbed with bitter things as with Aloes water of the infusion of Colocynthus or Worm-wood oâ with Mustard or Soot steeped in water or such like Children that are scabby in their heads and over all their bodies and which void much phlegm at their mouth and nostrils What children are strong and sound of body and many excrements downwards are like to be strong and sound of body for so they are purged of excremental humors contrariwise those that are clean and fair of body gather the matter of many diseases in their bodies which in process of time will break forth and appear Certainly An often cause of sudden crookedness by the sudden falling of such matters into the back-bone many become crook-backt CHAP. XXV By what signâ it may be known whether the childe in the womb be dead or alive IF neither the Chirurgians hand nor the mother can perceive the infant to move A most certain sign of the child dead in the womb if the waters bestowed out and the secundine come forth you may certainly affirm that the infant is dead in the womb for this is the most infallible sign of all others for because the childe in the womb doth breath but by the artery of the navel and the breath is received by the Cotelydon of the arteries of the womb it must of necessity come to pass that when the secundine is separated from the infant When the child is dead in the womb he is more heavy then he was before being alive no air nor breath can come unto it Wherefore so often as the secundine is excluded before the child you may take it for a certain token of the death thereof when the childe is dead it will be more heavy to the mother then it was before when it was alive because it is now no more sustained by the spirits and faculties wherewith before it was governed and ruled for so we see dead men co be heavier then those that are alive and men that are weak through hunger and famin to be heavier then when they are well refreshed and also when the mother enclines her body any way the infant falleth that way also even as it were a stone The mother is also vexed with sharp pain from the privities even to the navel with a perpetual desire of making water and going to stool because that nature is wholly busied in the expulsion or avoidance of that which is dead That which is alive wiâl not suffer that which is dead for that which is alive will expell the dead so far as it can from it self because the one is altogether different from the other but likeness if any thing conjoins and unites things together the genitals are cold in touching and the mother complaineth that shee feeleth a coldness in her womb by reason that the heat of the infant is extinguished wherewith before her heat was doubled many filthy excrements come from her and also the mothers breath stinketh she swoundeth often all which for the most part happen within three daies after the death of the childe for the infants body will sooner corrupt in the mothers womb then it would in the open air Lib. de tumorib because that according to the judgment of Galen all hot and moist things being in like manner enclosed in a hot and moist place especially if by reason of the thickness or straitness of the place they cannot receive the air will speedily corrupt Now by the rising up of such vapors from the dead unto the brain and heart such accidents may soon follow her face will be clean altered seeming livid and ghastly her dugs fall and hang loose and lank Why the belly of a woman will be more big when the childe is dead within her then it was before when it was alive and her belly will be more hard and swollen then it was before In all bodies so putrifying the natural heat vanisheth away and in place thereof succeedeth a preternatural by the working whereof the putrified and dissolved humors are stirred up into vapors and converted into winde and those vapors because they possess and fill more space and room for Naturalists say that of one part of water ten parts of air are made do so puff up the putrified body into a greater bigness You
this flux And as the matter is divers so it will stain their smocks with a different color Truly if it be perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought it commeth by erosion or the exsolution of the substance of the vessels of the womb or of the neck thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to be menstrual for some other cause Womens flâx commeth veây seldom of blood for then in stead of the monthly flux there floweth a certain whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the color of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholick humor and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the womb But often-times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the womb deceiveth the unskilful Chirurgian or Physician but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer By what signs an ulcer in the womb may be known from the white flowers because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the neck of the womb cannot have copulation with a man without pain CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the Whites consisteth in the proper weakness of the womb or else in the uncleanness thereof and sometimes by the default of the principal parts For if the brain or the stomach be cooled or the liver stopped or schirrous many crudities are engendred which if they run or fall down into the womb that is weak by nature they cause the flux of the womb or Whites but if this Flux be moderate and not sharp How a womans flux is who eââme How it causeth diseases it keepeth the body from malign diseases otherwise it useth to infer a consumption leanness paleness and an oedematus swelling of the legs the falling down of the womb the dejection of the appetite and all the faculties and continual sadness and sorrowfulness from which it is very hard to perswade the sick woman because that her minde and heart will be almost broken by reason of the shame that she taketh How it leâteâh the concepâion because such filth floweth continually it hindereth conception because it either corrupteth or driveth out the seed when it is conceived Often-times if it stoppeth for a few months the matter that stayeth there causeth an abscess about the wound in the body or neck thereof and by the breaking of the abscess there followeth rotten and cancerous ulcers sometimes in the womb sometimes in the groin and often in the hips This disease is hard to be cured not only by reason of it self Why it is hard to be cured as because all the whole filth and superfluous excrements of a womans body floweth down into the womb as it were into a sinke because it is naturally weak hath an inferior situation many vessels ending therein and last of all because the courses are wont to come through it as also by reason of the sick woman who oftentimes had rather die then to have that place seen the disease known or permit local medicines to be applied thereto for so saith Montanus An history that on a time he was called to a noble woman of Italy who was troubled with this disease unto whom he gave counsel to have cleansing decoctions injected into her womb which when she heard she fell into a swound and desired her husband never thereafter to use his counsel in any thing CHAP. LX. The cure of the Whites IF the matter that floweth out in this disease be of a red color it differeth from the natural monthly flux in this only because it keeps no order or certain time in its returning If the flux of a woman be red wherein it d ffereth from the menstrual flux Therefore phlebotomy and other remedies which we have spoken of as requisite for the menstrual flux when it floweth immoderately is here necessary to be used But if it be white or doth testifie or argue the ill juice of this or that humor by any other colour a purgation must be prescribed of such things as are proper to the humor that offends for it is not good to stop such a flux suddenly for it is necessary A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped that so the body should be purged of such filth or abundance of humors for they that do hasten to stop it cause the dropsie by reason that this sink of humors is turned back into the liver or else a cancer in the womb because it is stayed there or a fever or other diseases according to the condition of the part that receiveth it Therefore we must not come to local detersives desiccatives restrictives unless we have first used universal remedies according to art Alum-baths baths of brimstone and of bitumen or iron are convenient for the whites that come of a phlegmatick humor What baths are profitable instead whereof baths may be made of the decoction of herbs that are hot dry and indued with an aromatick power with alom and pebbles or flint-stones red hot thrown into the same Let this be the form of a cleansing decoction and injection â fol. absynth agrimon centinod burs-past an m. ss boil them together and make thereof a decoction in which dissolve mellis rosar ⥠.ii aloes myrrhae salis uitri an Êi make thereof an injection the woman being so placed on a pillow under her buttocks that the neck of the womb being more high An astringent injection may be wide open when the injection is received let the woman set her legs across and draw them up to her buttocks and so she may keep that which is injected They that endeavor to dry and binde more strongly add the juice of acatia green galls the findes of pomegranats roch-alome Romane vitriol and they boil them in Smiths water and red-wine pessaries may be made of the like faculty The signs of a putrified ulcer in the womb If the matter that commeth forth be of an ill color or smell it is like that there is a rotten ulcer therefore we ought to inject those things that have power to correct the putrefaction among which Aegyptiacum dissolved in lie or red wine excelleth There are women which when they are troubled with a virulent Gonorrhaea The vârulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the flux of women or an involuntary flux of the seed cloaking the fault with an honest name do untruly say that they have the whites because that in both these diseases a great abundance of filth is avoided But the Chyrurgian may easily perceive that malady by the rottenness of the matter that floweth out and he shall perswade himself that it will not be cured without salivation or fluxing
delicious food Cap. 10. John Lereus in his history of Brasil writes that the Salvages of that country willingly feed upon Crocodiles and that he saw some who brought into their houses young ones wherewith their children gathering about it would play without receiving any harm thereby True saith Pliny is that common opinion Lib. 9. cap. 2. Whatsoever is brought forth in any part of Nature that also is in the Sea and many other things over and above that are in no other place You may perceive that there are not only the resemblances of living creatures but also of other things if you look upon the sword saw cucumber like in smell and color to that of the earth that you may less wonder at the Sea-feather and grape whose figures I have here given you out of Rondoletius The sea-feather is like those feathers of birds which are worn in hats for ornament after they are trimmed and drest for that purpose The fishermen call them sea-pricks for that one end of them resembleth the end of a mans yard when the prepuce is drawn off it As long as it is alive it swells and becomes sometimes bigger and sometimes lesser but dead it becomes very flaccid and lank it shines bright on the night like a star You may by this gather that this which we here express is the Grape whereof Pliny makes mention because in the surface and upper part thereof it much resembles a fair bunch of Grapes it is somewhat longish like a mis-shapen club and hangs upon a long stalk the inner parts are nothing but confusion sometimes distinguished with little glandules like that we have here figured alone by itself The figure of the Sea-feather and Grape In the Sea near the Island Hispaniola in the West Indies there may be seen many monstrous fishes amonst which Thevet in his Cosmography thought this most rare and observâble which in the vulgar language of the natives is termed Aloes For it is just like a goos with a long and strait neck with the head ending sharp or in a Cone not much unlike a sugar-pear it is no bigger than a goose it wanteth scales it hath four fins under the belly for swimming when it is above water you would say that it were a goos The Sarmatian or Eastern German Ocean contains fishes unknown to hot countries and very monstrous Such is that which resembling a snail equals a barbel in magnitude of body and a stag in the largeness and branches of her horns the ends of her horns are rounded as it were into little balls shining like unto pearls the neck is thick the eyes shining like unto little candles with a roundish nose set with hairs like to a cats the mouth wide whereunder hangs a piece of flesh very ugly to behold It goes on four legs with so many broad and crooked feet the which with a long tail and variegated like a Tiger serves her for fins to swim withall This creature is so timerous The blood of great Tortoises good for the leprosie Tom lib. 20. that though it be an Amphibium that is which lives both in the water and ashore yet usually it keeps it self in the sea neither doth it come ashore to feed unless in a very clear season The flesh thereof is very good and grateful meat and the blood medicinable for such as have their livers ill affected or their lungs ulcerated as the blood of great Tortoises is good for the Leprosie Thevet in his Cosmography affirmeth that he saw this in Denmark In a deep lake of fresh water upon which stands the great city or town of Themistitian in the Kingdom of Mexico which is built upon piles like as Venice is there is found a fish of the bigness of a calf called by the Southern Salvages Andura but by those of the place and the Spaniards the conquerors of that place Hoga It is headed and eared almost like a swine from the chaps hang five long bearded appendices of the length of some half a foot like the beard of a Barbel It hath flesh very grateful and good to eat It bringeth forth live young like as the Whale As it swims in waters it seems green yellow red and of many colours like a Chameleon it is most frequently conversant about the shore-sides of the lake and there it feeds upon the leavs of the tree called Hoga whence also the fish hath its name It is fearfully toothed and a fierce fish killing and devouring such as it meeteth withal though they be bigger then her self which is the reason why the Fishermen chiefly desire to kill her as Thevet affirmeth in his Cosmography The monstrous fish Hoga Andrew Thevet in his Cosmography writes that as he sailed to America he saw infinite store of flying fishes called by the salvages Bulampech who rising out of the water flie some fifty paces escaping by that means from other greater fish that think to devour them This kinde of flying fish exceeds not the bigness of a Mackrel is round headed with a blewish back two wings which equal the length of almost all their body They oft-times flie in such a multitude that they fall foul upon the sails of ships whilest they hinder one anothers flight and by this means they fall upon the decks and become a prey to the sailers which same thing we have read confirmed by John Lereus in his history of Bresil In the Venetian gulf between Venice and Ravenna two miles above Quioza Anno Dom. 1550. there was taken a flying fish very horrible and monstrous being four foot long it had a very great head with two eyes standing in a line and not one against another with two ears and a double mouth a snout very fleshy and green two wings five holes in her throat like those of a Lamprey a tail an ell long at the setting on whereof there were two little wings This monster was brought alive to Quioza and presented to the chief of the city as a thing whereof the like had not been formerly seen The figure of a monstrous flying Fish There are so many and different sorts of shels to be found in the Sea that it may be truly said that Nature the hand-maid of the Almighty disports it self in the framing of them In so great diversity I have chiefly made choice of three to treat of here as those that are worthy of the greatest admiration In these lie hid certain little fishes as snails in their shels 4. de hist anim cap. 4. which Aristotle calls Cancelli and he affirmeth them to be the common companions of the * By crusted is meant Crâbâ Lobsters Shrimps and such like The description of the Hermite cray-fish crusted and shell fishes as those which in their species or kinde are like to Lobsters and use to be bred without shels but as they creep into shels and there inhabit they are like to shell fishes It is one of these that is termed the Hermite
He hath two somewhat long and slender horns under which are his eyes alwaies standing out of his head as those which he cannot pluck and draw in as Crabs can His sorefeet have claws upon them wherewith he defends himself and carries meat to his mouth having two other on each side and a third being a lesser the which he useth in going The female layes eggs which hang forth at her back part as if they were put upon a thread being joined together by certain little membranes Lastly in the opinion of Aelian Lib. 7. cap. 31. the Cancellus or small Cray-fish is born naked and without a shell but within a while after she of many which she finds empty makes choice of a fit one and when as grown bigger she cannot be contained or dwell any longer therein or else being stimulated with a natural desire of copulation she removes into a more capacious and convenient one These little Gray-fishes oft-times fight together for their habitation They change their habitation for two causes and the stronger carries away the empty shell or else makes the weaker to quit possession Now the shell is either of a Nerita or Turbo and oft-times of a small Purple and entring into possession she carries it about there seeds and grows and then seeks a more capacious one as Aristotle saith in the formerly-cited place The effigies of the empty shels whereinto the Cancelli use to creep to dwell Some think that this Bernard the Hermit is that kinde of Cancellus which is by Pliny termed Pinnoter but in truth the Pinnoter is not a kind of Cancellus or Cray-fish but of a little Crab. What the Pinnoter or dwarf-crab is Now in Aristotle there is much difference between Cancellus and Cancer parvus though Pliny may seem to confound them for he is bred naked having his crust only but without a shell wherefore seeing that by nature he wants it he diligently searches for it and dwells in it when as he hath found it But the Pinnoter is not bred by it self alone but in Pinnae and some others and he changeth not his habitation because as Aristotle thinks being of the kind of dwarf Crabs What the Piâna is it never grows big neither dwells it in empty shells Now the Pinna or Pin is a kinde of shell-fish it breeds in muddy places and is alwaies open neithet is it at any time without a companion Lib. 9 cap. 42. Lib. 3 Deipno which they therefore call the Pinnoter or Pinnophylax i. e. the Pin-keeper as Pliny saith Verily that these things are thus you may plainly perceive by these words of Athaeneus Chrysippus Solensis 5. de Honest Volupt saith the Pinna and Pinnoter assist and further each other neither can they live asunder The familiarity and craft of the Pinna and Pinnoter The Pinna may be referred to the kindness of oisters but the Pinnoter stands by observing if Pinna opens her shell for the little fishes to enter thereinto the Pinnoter stands by observing if any come in which if they do he gives the Pin notice thereof by biting who presently thereupon shuts her shell and so they feed together upon that they catch by this means Thus Athenaeus She is also for this her craft mentioned by Plutarch in his writings The Pinnoter is sometimes called by Pliny Cancer dapis affectator But that which by these authors is attributed to the dwarf-Crab the same by Cicero is ascribed to the little shrimp Lib. 2. de nat deorum Now the Pinna saith he opening her two large shells enters into confederacy with the little shrimp for getting of food wherefore when little fishes swim into her gaping shell then the Pinna admonished by the shrimps biting her shuts her shell thus two unlike creatures get their living together But Plutarch seems to make the Pinna to be the Pearl-oister in that work of his whereas he inquireth whether the craft of water or Land-beasts be the greater The effigies of Bernard the Hermite housed in his Shell The figure of him out of his Cell The shape of Nautilos or Sailor-fish How the Whale may be reckoned amongst monsters The better to store this Treatise of Monsters abusing the name with the Poets we will reckon up the whale amongst the Sea-monsters by reason of his monstrous and wondrous magnitude Now the Whale is the greatest by much of all the fishes of the Sea for most commonly this beast is thirty six cubits long eight high the slit of his mouth is eighteen foot long teeth they have none but in stead thereof in each Jaw horny black excrescences or fins which we vulgarly term Whale-bones which by little and little end in small hairs like to a swines bristles which comming and standing out of his mouth are in stead of Guides lest whilest he swims with a blinde and rapid violence he might run against a rock His eyes are distant one from the other the space of four ells which outwardly appear small but inwardly they are bigger then a mans head wherefore they are deceived that say that they are no bigger then an Oxes eyes his nose is short but in the middle of his fore-head he hath a pipe whereat he draws in the air and casts forth a whole shower or river of water that therewith he will even sink the vessels or boats of Mariners when he hath filled himself beyond measure he cries out or roars with so great or strong a voice that he may be heard two miles off He hath two very large fins upon his sides wherewith he swims and under which in the time of danger he hides his young he hath none upon his back His tail in site is like to the tails of Dolphins neither is it much unlike in shape which when he moves he so tosseth the Sea that he drowns and overturns the boats that he toucheth A Whale brings forth young and suckles them You may by dissecting them find that a Whale brings forth live-young and gives them suck for the male hath testicles and a yard but the female a womb and dugs They are taken in divers places about winter but chiefly about the coast of Aquitaine at a small town which is vulgarly called Biarris some six miles distant from Bayon whereunto I being sent by King Charles the ninth when he was at Bayon to cure the Prince of Roche Sur-You I was an eye-witness how they are caught and also I confirmed that which I had formerly read to that purpose in that excellent and most true history of fishes set forth by Rondoletius Now at that Town there is a little hill How they are caught in the top whereof there is a Tower of very great antiquity from which as from a watch-tower they keep watch whether or no any Whales swim that way Wherefore the watch-men from the tower either seeing or by the horrible noise hearing a Whale to pass that way they give warning thereof
heare by his so many ears yet hath he but one mouth and one belly to contain his meat but his round body is encompassed with many feet by whose help he can go any way he please without turning of his body his tail is something long and very hairy at the end Blood as good as balsom The inhabitants affirm that his blood is more effectuall in healing of wounds then any balsom It is strange that the Rhinoceros should be a born enemy to the Elephant wherefore he whets his horn which grows upon his nose upon the rocks and so prepares himself for fight wherein he chiefly assails the belly as that which he knows to be the softest he is as long as an Elephant but his legs are much shorter he is of the colour of box yet somewhat spotted Pompy was the first Plin. 18. c. 29. that shewed one at Rome The figure of the Rhinoceros The figure of the Chameleon Plim lib. 8. c. 33. Affrica produceth the Cameleon yet is it more frequent in India he is in shape and greatness like a Lizard but that his legs are strait and higher Arist lib. 2. hist anim cap. 12. his sides are joyned to the belly as in fish and his back stands up after the same manner his nose stands out not much unlike a swines his tail is long and endeth sharp and he foulds it up in a round like a serpent his nails are crooked his pace slow like as the Tortoise his body rough be never shuts his eyes neither doth he look about by the moving of the apple but by the turning of the whole eye The strange nature of the colour of the Chameleon The nature of his colour is very wonderful for he changeth it now and then in his eye and tail and whole body beside and he alwayes assimilates that which he is next to unless it be red or white His skin is very thin and his body clear therefore the one of these two either the colour of the neighbouring things in so great subtility of his clear skin easily shines as in a glass or else various humors diversly stirred up in him according to the variety of his affections represent divers colours in his skin as a turky-cock doth in those fleshy excrescences under his throat and under his head he is pale when he is dead Mathiolus writes that the right eye taken from a living Chameleon takes away the white spots which are about the thorny coat of the eye his body being beaten and mixed with Goats milk and rubbed upon any part fetcheth off hairs his gall discusseth the Cataracts of the eye CHAP. XIII Of Celestial Monsters PEradventure it hath not been strange that monsters have been generated upon the earth and in the Sea but for monsters to appear in heaven and in the upper region of the air exceeds all admiration Yet have we often read it written by the antients that the face of heaven hath been deformed by bearded tailed and haired Comets by meteors representing burning torches and lamps pillars darts shields troups of clouds hostilly assayling each other Dragons two Moons Suns and the like monsters and prodigies The figure of a fearfull Comet Also there have been seen great and thick bars of Iron to have faln from heaven which have presently been turned into swords and rapiers At Sugoliah in the borders of Hungaria a stone fell from Heaven wich a great noise the seventh day of September Anno Dom. 1514 it weighed two hundred and fifty pound the Citizens hangâââ up with a great iron-chain put through it in the midst of the Church of their City and used to shew it as a miracle to travellers of better note that pass that way * L. 2. c. 57. Pliny reports that clashing of armour and the sound of a trumpet were heard from Heaven often before and after the Cimbrian war The same author writes that in the third Consul-ship of Marius the Amarines and Tudortines saw the heavenly armies comming from East and West and so joyning those being vanquished which came from the East Which same thing was seen in Lusalia at a town called Jubea too hours after midnight Anno Dom. 1535. But in Anno Dom. 1550. upon the 19. day of Julie in Saxony not far from Wittenburg there appeared in the air a great Stag incompassed with two armed Hosts making a great noise in their conflict and at the same instant it rained blood in great abundance the Sun seemed to be cloven in two pieces and the one of them to fall upon the earth A little before the taking of Constantinople from the Christians Presages of the taking of Constantinople Monstrous rains there appeard a great army in the air appointed to fight attended on with a great company of dogs and other wilde beasts Julius Obsequius reports that in Anno Dom. 458. it rained flesh in Italy in great and lesser pieces part of which were devoured by the birds before they fell upon the earth that which fell upon the earth kept long unputrified and unchanged in colour and smell A. Dom. 989. Otho the third being Emperor it rained corn in Italy A. Dom. 180. it rained milk and oyl in great abundance and fruit-bearing trees brought forth corn Lycosthenes tells that in the time of Charles the fifth whilst Maidenburg was besieged three suns first appeared about 7. a clock in the morning and then were seen for a whole day whereof the middlemost was the brightest the two others were reddish and of a bloody colour but in the night time there appeared three Moons The same appeared in Bavaria Anna Dom. 1554 But if so prodigious and strange things happen in the Heavens besides the common order of nature shall we think it incredible that the like may happen in the earth Earthquakes Anno Dom. 542. the whole earth quaked mount Aetna cast forth flames and sparks of fire with which many houses of the neighbouring villages were burn'd Anno Dom. 1531. in Portugal there was an earthquake for eight dayes and it quaked seven or eight times each day so that in Lisbone alone it cast down a thousand and fifty houses and more then six hundred were spoyled Ferrara lately was almost wholly demolished by a fearful earthquake Above all which ever have been heard is that prodigie which happened in the time of Pliny at the death of Nero the Emperor in the Marucine field the whole Olive-field of Vectius Marcellus a Roman Knight going over the high way Lib. 2 cap. 73. and the fields which were against it comming into the place thereof Why should I mention the miracles of waters from whose depth and streams fires and great flames have oft broke forth They tell out of St. Angustine that the fire of the sacrifice which for those seventy years of the Babylonian captivity endured under the water was extinguished Antiochus selling the priest-hood to Jason What miracle is this that the fire
therefore laying aside the composition of Cerats let us speak of Emplasters Emplasters An Emplaster is a composition which is made up of all kinde of medicines especially of fat and dry things agreeing in one gross viscous solid and hard body sticking to the fingers The differences of Emplasters are taken from those things which the variety of ointments are taken from Of those things which go into the composition of an Emplaster some are only used for their quality and faculty as Wine Vinegar Juices Others to make the consistence as Litharge which according to Galen is the proper matter of Emplasters Wax Oil and Rosin Others be useful for both as Gums Metals parts of beasts Rosin Turpentine to digest to cleanse and dry Of Emplasters some are made by boiling some are brought into a form without boiling those which be made without fire do sudâââây nor are they viscous they are made with meal and powder with some juice or witâ ãâã âumid matter mingled with them But plasters of this kinde may rather be called hard ãâã or cataplasms for plasters properly so called are boiled some of them longer somâ ãâã according to the nature of those things which make up the composition of the Emplâââherefore it will be worth our labor to know what Emplasters do ask more or which less beââ ãâã or roots woods leavs stalks flowers seeds being dried and brought into powder are ãâã be added last when the plasâer is boiled as it were and taken from the fire least the virtue of these things be lost But if green things are to be used in a composition they are to be boâled in some liquor and being pressed forth that which is strained to be mingled with the rest of the composition or if there be juice to be used it is to be bruised and pressed forth which is so to be boiled with the other things that nothing for the quality is to remain with the mixture as we use to do in Empl. de Janna seu Betonica Gratia Dei The same is to be done with Mucilages but that by their clamminess they do more resist the fire But there doth much of oil and hony remain in their plasters when they are made Those juices which are hardened by concretion as Alces Hypâcystis Acacia when they are used in the composition of a plaster and be yet new they must be macerated and dissolved in some proper liquor and then they are to be boiled to the consumption of that liquor Gums as Opopanax Galbanum Sagapenum Ammoniacum must be dissolved in Wine Vinegar or Aqua vitae then strained and boiled to the consumption of the liquor and then mixed with the rest of the plaster And that they may have the exact quantity of Guns and Pitch it is necessary that first they be dissolved strained and boiled because of the sticks and sordid matter which are mingled with them You must have respect also to the liquor you use to dissolve them in for Vinegar of the best Wine doth more powerfully penetrate then that which is of weak and bad Wine Other Gums which are drier are to be powdred and are to be mingled with plasters last of all Metals as Aes ustum Chalcitis Magnes Bolus Armenius Sulphur Auripigmentum and others which may be brought to powder must be mingled last unless advice be given by long boiling to dull the fierce qualities of them The like consideration is to be had of Rosin Pitch and Turpentine which must be put in after the Wax and may not be boiled but very gently but the fats are mingled whilst the other things are boiling The Litharge is to be boiled with the oil to a just consistence if we would have the plaster dry without biting Ceâuss may endure as long boiling but then the plaster shall not be white neither will the Litharge of silver make a plaster with so good a color as Litharge of gold Moreover this order must be observed in boiling up of plasters the Litharge must be boiled to his consistence juices or mucilages are to be boiled away then add the fats then the dry Rosin Wax-Gums Turpentine and after them the powders You shall know the plaster is boiled enough by his consistence Signs of a plaster perfect y boiled gross hard glutinous and sticking to the fingers being cooled in the air water or upon a stone Also you shall know it by his exact mixtion if that all the things become one mâsâ hard to be broken The quantity of things which are to be put into a plaster can hardly be described but an artificial conjecture may be given by considering the medicaments which make the plaster stiff The quantity of things to be put into plasters and of a consistence and the just hardness and softness they make being boiled Wax is not put into such plasters wherein is Labdanum for that is in stead of Wax For if there shall be in the composition of a plaster some emplastick medicaments the Wax shall be the less Contrariwise if they shall be almost all liquid things the Wax shall be increased so much as shall be necessary for the consistence of the plaster The quantity of the Wax also must be altered according to the time or the air therefore it is fit to leave this to the art and judgment of the Apothecary Emplasters are sometimes made of ointments by the addition of wax or dry rosin or some other hard or solid matter Some would that a handful of medicaments poudred should be mingled with one ounce or an ounce and an half of oil or some such liquor but for this thing nothâng can certainly be determined Only in plasters described by the Antients there must be great care had wherein he must be very well versed who will not err in the describing the dose of them and therefore we will here give you the more common forms of plasters â ol chamaem aneth de spica liliacei an ⥠ii ol de croco ⥠i. pingued porci lb i. pingued vitul Empl. de Vigo with Mercury lb. ss euphorb Ê v. thuris Ê x. ol lauri ⥠i ss ranas viv nu vi pingued viper vel ejus loco human ⥠ii ss lumbricor lotor in vino ⥠iii ss succi ebuli enul ana ⥠ii scoenanthi staechados matricar an m. ii vini oderiferi lb ii litharg auri lb i. terebinth clarae ⥠ii styracis liquid ⥠i ss argenti vivi exstincti so much as the present occasion shall require and the sick shall be able to bear and make up the plaster they do commonly add four ounces of quick-silver yet for the most part they do increase the dose as they desire the plaster should be stronger the worms must be washed with fair water and then with a little wine to cleanse them from their earthy filth of which they are full and so the frogs are to be washt and macerated in wine and so boiled together to
the consumption of a third part then the Squinath must be bruised the Feverfew and the Staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall be strained and kept and the Litharge is to be infused for twelve hours in the oil of Camomil dill Lilies and the axungia's above spoken of Then boil them all with a gentle fire by and by taking Saffron from the fire and add one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire again that the decoction may be consumed and then by degrees add to the rest of the decoction the oil of spike shall be reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwurt and enula which must be boiled untill they be wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the Franincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole mass shall cool then at last is mingled the quick-silver exstinct tutpentine oil of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall be made up upon a stone into rolls Unless the quick-silver be well extinguished it will run all into one place and unless you tarry untill the composition cool it will vapor away in fume â croci Êii bdelli mastich ammon styrac liquid an ⥠ss cerae alb lb ss tereb ⥠vi medul Cerarum oesipi ex Philagrio cruris vaccae adipis anserini an ⥠i. oesipi vel si desit axung gallin ⥠ix clei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae ⥠i ss olibani sevi vitul ⥠i. The aesipus sepum adeps medulla cera are to be dissolved together when they cool add the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of fenugreek and camomil half an ounce and so much juice of squills then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then add the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a mass let them be made up with oleum nardinum into rolls â terebinth lb ss resin lbi cer alb ⥠iv mastich ⥠i. fol. verbin betonic pimpinel an m. i. De gratia Dei The herbs being green the tops are to be cut and bruised in a stone-mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor add wax cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosin when it shall cool add the Mastich powdred working it with your hands by which it may be incorporated with the rest of the things â succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb ana lb. ss fiat empl De janua seu de Betonica The juices are to be mingled with the wax being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed add the rosin and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then add the turpentine and make up the plaster â croci picis com or rather picis navalis Emplastrum oxycroceum because this emplaster is used to discuss and draw forth the matter which causeth the pain in the joints coloph. cerae an ⥠ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastich an Ê v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to be dissolved to which add the gums dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire add the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it into rowls up with oil of worms â ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boil them together with a gentle fire De cerussá stirring them up continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but ⥠ix of the oil â litharg irit acet fortis an lb. ss ol antiq lb. i. fiat emplastrum Tripharmacumâ seu nigrum let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours then boil them to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away Diapalma seu diatalcith os â ol vet lb. iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii litharg trit lb iii. vitriol ⥠iv let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours and boil them to a good consistence then add to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palm-tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and add the vitriol in fine powder Contra ruptâ raâ â picis naval aloes an ⥠iii. litharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an ⥠ii visci querni ⥠vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana ⥠iv myrrhae thuris an ⥠vi tereb ⥠ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusqae consolid vol. arm an ⥠iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have iâ of a very good conâstence you may add of the oil of myrtils or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skin of a Ram cut in pieces and boil it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glue of stiff gelly in which you shall dissolve the visc quer then add the pitch and was broken into small pieces and if you will you may add the oil with them afterwards the galban and ammâââ dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then add ãâ¦ã âgypsââm bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrh thus colophon and alââ âââing them continually and that they may be the better mingled work the plaster with a hot peââil in a mortar De muâaginibus â mââag sâm liniârad alth faenug median cortices ulmi an ⥠iv olei liliacei cham aneth an ⥠i ss ammon opopâââ sagap ana ⥠ss croci Ê ii cerae nov lb ss tereb ⥠ss fiat emplast Fernelius haâh ⥠xx of wax ââe waxââeâng cut sm ll must be mingled with the oils and the mucilages stirring them continuaâây with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gums dissolved and mingled with the ââbinâââma must be added and last of all the saffron finely powdered De minio â ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana ⥠iv pinguedinis gallin ⥠ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an ⥠vi pingued porci ⥠x. litharg auri argenti ana ⥠iii. cerus ⥠iv minii ⥠iii. tereb ⥠iv cerae q s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum mâlle The lithargyros cerussa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rosewater lest the
health stored with pleasing delight Baths are of two sorts some natural others artificial natural are those which of their own accord without the operation or help of Art prevail or excell in any medicinal quality For the water which of it self is devoid of all quality that is perceiveable by the taste if it chance to be straitned through the veins of metals it furnishes and impregnates it self with their qualities and effects hence it is that all such water excels in a drying faculty sometimes with cooling and astriction and other whiles with heat and a discussing quality The baths whose waters being hot or warm do boil up take their heat from the cavities of the earth and mines filled with fire which thing is of much admiration whence this fire should arise in subterrene places what may kindle it what seed or nourish it for so many years and keep is from being extinct Some Philosophers would have it kindled by the beams of the sun other by the force of lightning penetrating the bowels of the earth others by the violence of the air vehemently or violently agitated no otherwise then fire is struck by the collision of a flint and steel Yet it is better to refer the cause of so great an affect unto God the maker of the Universe whose providence piercing every way into all parts of the World enters governs the secret parts passages thereof Notwithstanding they have seemed to have come nearest the truth who refer the cause of heat in waters unto the store of brimstone contained in certain places of the earth because among all minerals it hath most fire and matter fittest for the nourishing thereof Therefore to it they attribute the flames of fire which the Sicilian mountain Aetna continually sends forth Hence also it is that the most part of such waters smell of Sulphur yet others smell of Alum others of Nitre others of Tar and some of Coperas How to know whence the Baths have their efficacy Now you may know from the admixture of what metalline bodies the waters acquire their faculties by their taste sent color mud which adheres to the channels through which the water runs as also by an artificial separation of the more terrestrial parts from the more subtil For the earthy dross which subsides or remains by the boiling of such waters will retain the faculties and substance of brimstone alum and the like minerals besides also by the effects and the cure of these or these diseases you may also gather of what nature they are Wherefore we will describe each of these kindes of waters by their effects beginning first with the Sulphureous Sulphureous waters powerfully heat dry resolve open and draw from the center unto the surface of the body they cleanse the skin troubled with scabs and tetters they cause the itching of ulcers and digest and exhaust the causes of the gout The condition of natural sulphureous waters they help pains of the cholick and hardned spleens But they are not to be drunk not only by reason of their ungrateful smell and taste but also by reason of the maliciousness of their substance offensive to the inner parts of the body but chiefly to the liver Aluminous waters taste very astrictively therefore they drye powerfully Of aluminouâ waters they have no such manifest heat yet drunk they loose the belly I beleive by reason of their heat and nitrous quality they cleanse and stay defluxions and the courses flowing too immoderately they also are good against the tooth-ach eating ulcers and the hidden abstesses of the other parts of the mouth Salt and nitrous waters shew themselves sufficiently by their heat they heat drye binde Of salt and nitrous cleanse discusse attenuate resist putrefaction take away the blackness comming of bruises heal scabby and malign ulcers and help all oedematous tumors Bituminous waters heat digest andy by long continuance soften the hardned sinews Of bituminous they are different according to the various conditions of the bitumen that they wash and partake of the qualities thereof Brasen waters that is such as retain the qualities of brass heat drye cleanse digest cut binde Of brizen are good against eating ulcers fistulas the hardness of the eye-lids and they waste and eat away the fleshly excrescences of the nose and fundament Iron waters cool drye and binde powerfully therefore they help abscesses hardened milts Of iron the weaknesses of the stomach and ventricle the unvoluntary shedding of the urine and the too much flowing terms as also the hot distemper of the liver and kidnies Some such are in Lucan territory in Italy Leaden waters refrigerate drye and perform such other operations as lead doth Of Leaden the like may be said of those waters that flow by chalk plaster and other such minerals as which all of them take and performe the qualities of the bodies by which they pass How waters or baths help cold and moist diseases as the palsie convulsion Of hot baths the stiffness and attraction of the nerves trembling palpitations cold distilllations upon the joints the inflations of the members by a dropsie the jaundise by obstruction of a gross tough and cold humor the pains of the sides colick and kidnies barrenness in women the suppression of their courses the suffocation of the womb causless weariness those diseases that spoil the skin as tetters the leprosie of both sorts the scab and other diseases arising from a gross cold and obstruct humor for they provoke sweats Yet such must shun them as are of a colerick nature and have a hot liver To whom hurtful T e faculties of cold-baths for they would cause a Cachexia and dropsie by over-heating the liver Cold waters or baths heal the hot distemper of the body and each of the parts thereof and they are more frequently taken inwardly then applied outwardly they help the laxness of the bowels as the resolution of the retentive faculty of the stomach entrails kidnies bladder and they also add strength to them Wherefore they both temper the heat of the liver and also strengthen it they stay the Diarrhaea Dysentery Courses unvoluntary shedcing of urine the Gonorrhaea Sweats and bleedings In this kinde are chiefly commendable the waters of the Spaw in the country of Leige The Spaw which inwardly and outwardly have almost the same faculty and bring much benefit without any inconvenience as those that are commonly used in the drinks and broths of the inhabitants In imitation of natural baths there may in want of them be made artificial ones Of artificial baths by the infusing and mixing the powders of the formerly described minerals as Brimstone Alum Nitre Bitumen also you may many times quench in common or rain-water iron brass silver and goold heated red hot and so give them to be drunk by the patient for such waters do oft-times retain the qualities and faculties of the metals quenched in them as you
may perceive by the happy success of such as have used them against the Dysentery Besides these there are also other baths made by art of simple water The faulty of a bath of warm-water sometimes without the ad mixture of any other thing but otherwhiles with medicinal things mixed therewith and boiled therein But after what manner soever these be made they ought to he warm for warm-water humects relaxes mollifies the solid parts if at any time they be too drye hard and dense by the ascititious heat it opens the pores of the skin digests and attracts and discusses fuliginous and acrid excrements remaining between the flesh and the skin It is good against sun-burning and weatiness whereby the similar parts are dried more then is fit To conclude whether we be too hot or cold or too drye or be nauseous we finde manifest profits by baths made of sweet or warm water as those that my supply the defect of frictions and exercises for they bring the body to a mediocrity of temper they increase and strengthen the native colour and by procuring sweat discusse statulencies therefore they are very useful in hectick fevers and in the declension of all fevers and against raving and talking idlely for the procuring sleep Why we put oil in to baths But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oyl be mixed or put upon them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skin These baths are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurative to exclusion when as general remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion to the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain-water then river-water so that it be not muddy and then fountain-water the water of standing-Lakes and sens is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should be light and of subtil parts for baths of waters which are more then immoderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body keep in the fuliginous excrements under the skin other baths of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations do whence it is that some of them relax others mitigate pain others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine otherwhiles oyl sometimes fresh butter or milk as when the urine is stopped when nephiritick pains are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habit of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hectick driness for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watered and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate and transfuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmness of a bath Anodyne baths are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which we may also sometimes mix resolving things they are boiled in water wine especially in pains of the cholick proceeding from vitreous phlegm or gross thick flatulencies contained or shut up in the belly Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat kidnies or womb In such baths it is not fit to sweat but only to sit in them so long untill the bitterness of the pain be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by pain should be more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scails or crust of scabs is more hard then usual then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skin that it may not yeeld it self so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may appear A mollifying and anodyne-bath â rad lilior bismalv an lbii. malv. parlet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lbi flor cham melil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permisceto olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Cautions to be observed in the use of baths B ths though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unless they be fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they do much harm for they cause shakings and chilness pains density of the skin or too much rarefaction thereof and oft-times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must be mindeful of these cautions before he enter into a bath First that there be no weakness of any noble principal bowel for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath defused and rarified the wayes lying open which tend from the whole body to the principal parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humors in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not only fit that general purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should be strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needful Lastly the bath ought to be in a warm and silent place lest any cold air by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a fever may ensue The fitâest time for bathing The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomach being fasting and empty or six hours after meat if it be requisite that the Patient should bath twice a day otherwise the meat yet crude would be snatched by the heat of the bath out of the stomach into the veins and habit of the body Many of all the seasons of the year make choice of the spring and end of Summer and in these times they chuse a clear day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharp an air As long as the Patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meat unless peradventure to comfort him he take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damask-prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humid and spirituous substance is much dissipated How to order the patient comming forth of the bath Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed be well covered that by sweating the
face on the night and it shall be washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of brain this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â sanguinis tauri lbi butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor which is distilled for the first dayes is troubeled and stinking but those passed it becometh clear and well smelling Some boil bran in vineger and the water of water-lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply a cloth moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening â album ovor nu âi aquae ros ⥠i ss sucei plantag lapath. acut an ⥠i ss sublimati â i. incorpopentur in mortario marmoreo â axung porci decies in aceto lotae ⥠iv argenti vivi ⥠i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an Êi pistenâur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi â rad lapath. acut asphodel an ⥠ii conquantur in aceto scilltico postea tundantur et setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti Êii sulphuris vivi Êx let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to drye up the pustles â rad liliorum sub cineribus câctorum ⥠iv pistillo tusis et setaceo trajectis adde butyri receutis et axung porci lotae in aceto an ⥠i. sulphuris vivi Êiii camphor â iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit To drye up the pustles malaxentur simul et fiat unguentum â lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis ⥠ss sulphuris vivi ⥠i. succi limonum ⥠iv salis com Ê ss let them all be distilled in a glass Alembick and the water kept for the forementioned uses â lapath. acut plantagin et asphodel an ⥠i ss olei vitel ovor ⥠i. terebinth Venet ⥠ss succi limonum Êiii aluminis combust Êi argenti vivi extinct ⥠i. olei liliorum ⥠ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sulfinem argent viv ne mortario adheraescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or yelks of eggs are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-worms and Tetters the leaves of hellebore beaten with vineger are good the milk of the fig-tree is good of it self as also that of the spurges To kill tetters or mustard dissolved in strong vineger with a little sulphur Or â sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an Êi macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per lineum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egg in sharp vineger with coperas and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they strain or press it through a linnen cloth But seeing the forementioned medicines are acrid and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot be but that they must make the skin harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it again you shall make use of the following ointment â tereb Ven tam diu lâtae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an ⥠i ss olei vitel To smooth the skin ovor ⥠i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae ⥠ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To black the hair What things a âe fit to dye the hair AT first the hairs to take the fucus or tincture and to retain it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roch-Alum is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the hair Then must we come to particular or proper and fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromatick and cephalick and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power that may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtil parts that they may enter even into the inner roots of the hairs â Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an Êii scoriae ferri Ê ss in pollinem reducantur et cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the hairs be rubbed and in the morning let them be smoothed with the same â calcis lotae ⥠i. lithargyri utriusque ⥠ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem Êii â litharg auri ⥠ii ciner clavellat ⥠i. ss calcis viv Êi dissolve omnia cum urina hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum â calcis lotae ⥠ii cum decoct salv et cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the hair at bed-time be died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water How to wash lime Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pintes of fair water one pound of lime then pour out the water by stopping the vessel putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water pour thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many hours then in like manner pour it off by stoping the vessel and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to dye or black the hair by only pouring of some liquor thereon as â argenti purissimi Êii reducantur in tenuissimas laminas A water to black the hair ponantur in ampulla vitrea cumÊii aquae separationis auri et argenti et aquae rosar Êvi The preparing of this water is thus put into a viol the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coals so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold add thereto the rose-rose-water But if you would black it more deeply add more silver thereto if less then a smaller quantity to use it you must steep the comb wherewith you comb your head in this water â plumbi usti ⥠ii gallarum non perforat cortick nucum an ⥠iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an ⥠ii vitriol rom ⥠vi salis gem ⥠i ss caryoph nucis mosch an ⥠i. salis ammon aloes an Ê ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vineger for three dayes space then distil it all in an Alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the hairs of a flaxen color To make the hair of a flaxen coâor â flor genist staechad et cardamom an ⥠i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian et berber an ⥠i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten
the hairs for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Pâilothra or Depilatories and also of sweet-waters MEdicines to fetch off hair which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in Latine vulgarly A deplitatory are made as you may learn by these following examples â calcis viva ⥠iii. auripigmenti ⥠i. let the lime be quenchd in fair water and then the orpiment added with some aromatick thing have a care that the medicine lie not too long upon the part otherwise it will burn and this medicine must be made to the consistence of a pultis and applied warm first fomenting the part with warm watet for then the hair will fall off by gentle rubbing or washing it with warm water but if there happen any excoriation thereupon you may help it by the use of unguentum rosatum Another or some other of the like faculty â calcis viv aurip citrin an ⥠i. amyl spumae argent ⥠ss terantur et incorporentur cum aq cum bulliant simul you shall certainly know that it is sufficiently boiled if putting thereinto a gooses quill the feathers come presently off some make into powder equal parts of unquench'd lime and orpiment they tye them up in a cloth with which being steeped in water they besmear the part Sweet-waters and within a while after by gentle stroaking the head the hair falls away of it self The following waters are very fitting for to wash the hands face and whole body as also linnen because they yield a gratefull smel Lavender-water the first is lavander-water thus to be made â flor lavend. lb iv aq rosar vini alb an lb ii aq vitae ⥠iv misceantur omnia simul fiat distillatio in balneo Mariae the same water may also be had without distillation if you put some lavander-flowers in fair water Clâve-water and so set them to sun in a glass or put them in balneo adding a little oyl of spike and musk clove-Clove-water is thus made Sweet-water â caryoph ⥠ii aq rosar lbii. macerentur spatio xxiv horarum et distillentur in balneo Mariae Sweet-water commonly so called is made of divers odoriferous things put together as thus â menthae majoranae hyssopi salviae rorismarini lavendulae an m ii radicis ireos ⥠ii caryophyllorum cinamoni nucis moschatae ana ⥠ss limonum nu iv maecerentur omnia in aqua rosarum spacio viginti quatuor horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae addendo Moschi â ss The end of the Twenty sixth Book THE SEVEN and TWENTIETH BOOK OF DISTILLATION CHAP. I. What distillation is and how many kindes thereof there be HAving finishd the Treatise of the faculties of medicines it now seems requisite that we speak somewhat of Chymistry and such medicines as are extracted by fire These are such as consist of a certain fift essence separated from their earthy impurity by Distillation in which there is a singular and almost divine effcacy in the cure of diseases So that of so great an abundance of the medicines there is scarce any which at this day Chymists do not distil or otherwise make them more strong and effectual then they were before What distillation is Now dâstillation is a certain Art or way by which the liquor or humid part of things by the virtue and force of fire or some semblable heat as the matter shall seem to require is extracted or drawn being first resolved into vapor and then condens'd again by cold Some call this art Sublimation or subliming which signifies nothing else but to separate the pure from the unpure the parts that are more subtil and delicate from those that are more corpulent gross and excrementitious as also to make those matters whose substance is more gross to become more pure and sincere either for that the terrestrial parts are ill-united and conjoyned or otherwise confused into the whole and dispersed by the heat and so carried up the other grosser parts remaining together in the bottom of the vessel Or distillation is the extraction or effusion of moisture distilling drop by drop from the nose of the Alembeck or any such like vessel Before this effusion or falling down of the liquor there goes a certain concoction performed by the vertue of heat which separates the substances of one kinde from those of another that were confusedly mixed together in one body and so brings them into one certain form or body which may be good and profitable for divers diseases Some things require the heat of a clear fire others a flame others the heat of the Sun Four degrees of heat others of ashes or sand or the filings of Iron others hors-dung or boiling water or the oily vapor or steam thereof In all these kindes of fires there are four considerable degrees of heat The first is contained in the limits of warmth and such is warm water or the vapor of hot water The second is a little hotter but yet so as the hand may abide it without any harm such is the heat of ashes The third exceeds the vehemency of the second wherefore the hand cannot long endure this without hurt and such is the heat of sand The fourth is so violent that it burneth any thing that commeth near and such are the filings of Iron The first degree is most convenient to distill such things as are subtil and moist as flowers What heat fittest for what things The second such as are subtil and drye as those things which are odoriferous and aromatical as Cinnamom Ginger Cloves The third is fittest to distill such things as are of a more dense substance and fuller of juice such as are some Roots and gums The fourth if fit for metals and minerals as Allum Vitriol Amber Jet c. In like manner you may distill without heat as we use to do in those things which are distilled by straining as when the more pure is drawn and separated from that which is most unpure and earthy as we do in Lac Virginale and other things which are strained through an hypocrass-bag or with a piece of cloth cut in form of a tongue or by setling or by a vessel made of Ivie wood sometimes also some things may be distilled by coldness of humidity and so we make the oyl of Tartar Myrrh and Vitriols by laying them upon a marble in a cold and moist place CHAP. II. Of the matter and form of Fornaces THe matter and form of Fornaces uses to be divers The matter the best for Fornaces For some Fornaces use to be made of bricks and clay othersome of clay only which are the better and more lasting if so be the clay be fat and well tempered with whites of Eggs and hair Yet in sudden occasions when there is present necessity of distillation Fornaces may be made of bricks so laid together that the joints may not agree but be unequal for so the structure will
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâs but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâe of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in âhe first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follââs the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâamen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling
with vaporous spirits wherewith as long as the humor distills it is replenished and looks white A Fornace or Reverberation furnished with his Retort and Receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The Retort C. The Receiver D. The vessel filled with cold water Now for the Receiver there are two things to be observed The first is that it be great and very capacious that it may not be distended and broken by the abundant flowing of vaporous spirits as it doth oft-times happen another thing is that you set it in a vessel filled with cold water lest it should be broken by being over hot you may easily perceive all this by the ensuing figure CHAP. XVII A Table or Catalogue of Medicines and Instruments serving for the cure of Diseases MEdicines and Medicinal meats fit for the cure of Diseases are taken from living Creatures Plants and Minerals From living creatures are taken Horns Heoves Hairs Feathers Sheâs Sculls Scales Sweats Skins Fat 's Flesh Blood Entraile Vrine Bones Extreme parts Hearts Liver Lungs Brain Womb Secundine Testic es Pizzle Bleader Sperm Tail Ceats of the Ventricle Exspirations Bristles Silk Webs Tears Spittle Heny Wax Egge Milk Butter Cheese Marrow Rennet Sânells whether they be stinking oâ sweet as also Poysons whole creatures themselves as Foxes Whelps Heagâhâgs Frogs Worms Crabs Cray fishes Scorpions Hoâsleeches Swallows Dungs From. Pânts that is Trees Shrubs and Herbs are taken Roots Moss Pith Siens Buds Stalks Leaves Flowers Cups Fibers or hairy threads Ears Seeds Bark Wood Meal fuyces Tears Orts Gâws R sins R tterness Mass oâ spissament Mânna which falling amâ like dew upon plants presently concretes Wh l. plants as Mallows Omââns c. Metals o Minerals are taken either from the Water oâ Earth and are either kindes of Earth Stones o Metals c. The kinâes oâ Earth are Bole-Armenick Terâa sigillata Fullere-earth Chalk Okar Plaster Lime Now the kindes of Stones are Flints Lapis Jâdaicus Lapis Lynâ is The Pumice Lâp Haematites Amiantus Galactites Spunge stones Diamonds Saphire Chryââlite Tâpace Lâad-stone The Pytites or fire-stone Alablaster Marble Chrystaâ and many âther precious stânâs The kinâes of Salts as well Natural as Artificial are Common Salt Salt nitrum Sal Aâkali Sal Ammomacum Salt of Vrine Salt of tartar and generally all salts that may be made of any kinde of Plants Those that are commonly called Minerals are Marchasite Antimony Muscevy Glâss Tutty Arsnick Orpiment Lazure or blue Rose agar Brimstone Quick-silver White-Coperas Chalâitis ââry Roman Vitrâl Colcother vitrio or Green-coperas Alumen sciffile Common Alum Alumen rotinâum R und Alum Alumen liquidem Alumen âtmosum Borax er Burrace Bitumen Naptha Cinnabâ is er Vermillion Lytharge of Gela. Lytharge of Silver Chrysocolla Scandaracha Red-lead White-lead and divers other Now the Metals themselves are Gold Silver Iron Lead Tin Brass Copper Steel Lattin and such as arise from these as the scales verdigrease rust c. Now from the Waters as the Sea Rivers Lakes und Fountains and the mud of these waters are taken divers medicines as white and red Corral Pearls and infinite other things which Nature the hand-maid of the great Architect of this world hath produced for the cure of Diseases so that into what part soever you turn your eyes whether to the surface of the earth or the bowels thereof a great multitude of Remedies present themselves to your view The choyce of all which is taken from their substance or quantity quality action place season smell taste sight figure and weight other circumstances as Siltyus hath abundantly shewed in his Book written upon t his Subject Of these Simples are made divers Compositions as Collyriâ Caputpurgia Eclegmate Dentifrices Dentiscalpia Apophlegmatismi Gargarisms Pilis Boles Petions Emplasters Vnguents Cerats Liniments Embrecations Fomentations Epithemes Attractives Reâovers Suppuratives Emollients Mundificatives Incarnatives Cicatrizers Putrifârs Corrosives Aglutinatives Anâdynes Apozemes Julips Syrups Powders Tablets Opiats Conserves Preserves Consect âns R wls Vânits Sternutatories Suderyficks Glysters Pessaries S â ppââtories Fumigations Tr câiks F nerals Caâs Stomachers Bags Baths Half baths Virgins-mâk Feâi Picatiâns Depilatâries Viââcatâ ies Pââential cauteries Nâse-gayâs âans Campies or extenaed clâaths to make winde Artifiâal ââuâtains tââalââ or ar p dâwâ liquorâ Now these tâaâââe ââought to be noârishing medicines are Restarratives Cullises Exor ssi ns Gellies Pâi ans Barây creams Panad'es Almând milks Marck-pains Wafers Hââ of âcher H d ââel and such other drink Muâcilages Oxymeâ Oxye are R â-Vineger Hyd aelium Mâthâglân Câder Drink of Servisses Alt. Beer Vinegar Verjuyce Oil. Steâled water Water brewed with cread-crums Hippocratâ Perry and such like Waters and distilled oyls and divers other Chymical extractions As the waters and oyls of hot dry and aromatick things dâwn in a copper-Alembick with a cooler with ten times as much water in weight as of herbs now the herbs must be cry that the cistillation may the better succeed Waters are extracted out of flowers put into a Retort by the heat of the Sun or of Dung or of an heap of p esled our Grapes or by Balneo if there be Receiver put and closely âluted thereto All kindes oâ salt of things calcined dissolved in water and twice or thrice filtred that so they may become more pure and fit to yield oyl Other distillâtions are made either in Cellars by the coldness or moist are of the place the things being laid either upân a marble or else hanged up in a bag and thus is made oyl oââârtar and of S lts and other things of an Aluminous nature Bones must be distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels All woods roots-barks shells of fishes and seed or grains as of corn broom beans and other things whose juice cannot be got out by expression must be distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels in a Reverberatory Fornace Metals calcined and having acquired the nature of salt ought to be dissolved and filtred and then evaporated till they be drie then let them be dissolved in distilled vinegar and then evaporated and dryed again for so they will easily distill in a Cellar upon a Marble or in a bag Or else by putting them into a glassy Retort and setting it in sand and so giving fire thereto by degrees until all the watery humidity be distilled then change the receiver and lute another close to the Retort then increase the fire above and below and thus there will flow forth an oil very red colored Thus are all metalline things distilled as Alums salts c. Gums axungiae and generally all rosins are distilled by Retort set in an earthen vessel filled with Ashes upon a Fornace now the fire must be encreased by little and little according to the different condition of the distilled matters The Vessels and Instruments serving for Distillations are commonly these Bottoms of Alembicks The heads of them from whence the liquors drop Refrigeratories Vessels tor subblimation For Reverberation For distilling by
stricken with lightning fall on the contrary side only man falleth on the affected side if he be not turned with violence toward the coast or region from whence the lightning came If a man be stricken with lightning while he is asleep he will be found with eyes open contrariwise if he be stricken while he is awake his eyes will be closed as Pliny writeth Philip Commines writeth that those bodies that are stricken with lightning are not subject to corruption as others are Therefore in antient time it was their custom neither to burn nor bury them for the brimstone which the lightning bringeth with it was unto them in stead of salt for that by the driness and fiery heat thereof it did preserve them from putrefaction Signs of wounds given to a living or dead man Also it may be inquired in judgment Whether any that is dead and wounded received these wounds alive or dead Truly the wounds that ate made of a living man if he dye of them after his death will appear red and bloody with the sides or edges swoln or pale round about contrariwise those that are made in a dead man will be neither red bloody swoln nor puffed up For all the faculties and functions of life in the body do cease and fall together by death so that thenceforth no spirits nor blood can be sent or flow into the wounded place Therefore by these signs which shall appear it may be declared that he was wounded dead or alive Signs whether one be hanged alive or dead The like question may come in judgment when a man is found hanged whether he were dead or alive Therefore if he were hanged alive the impression or print of the rope will appear red pale or black and the skin round about it will bee contracted or wrinkled by reason of the compression which the cord hath made also oftentimes the head of the aspera arteria is rent and toân and the second spondyl and the neck luxated or moved out of his place Also the arms and leggs will be pale by reason of the violent and sudden suffocation of the spirits moreover there will be a foam about his mouth and a foamy and filthy matter hanging out of his nostrils begin sent thither both by reason that the Lungs are suddenly heated and suffocated as also by the convulsion and concussion of the brain like as it were in the falling-sickness Contrariwise if he be hanged dead none of these signs appear for neither the print of the rope appears red or pale but of the same color as the other parts of the body are because in dead men the blood and spirits do not flow to the greived parts Whether one found dead in the water câme therein alive or dead Whosoever is found dead in the waters you shall know whether they were thrown into the water alive or dead For all the belly of him that was thrown in alive will be swollâ and puffed up by reason of the water that is contained therein certain clammy excrements come out at his mouth and nostrils the ends of his fingers will be woââ and excoriated because that he died striving and digging or scraping in the sand or bottom of the river seeking somewhat whereon he might take hold to save himself from drowning Contrarywise if he be thrown into the waters being dead before his belly will not be swoln because that in a dead man all the passages and conduits of the body do fall together and are stopped and closed and for that a dead man breaths not there appeareth no foam nor ââlthy matter about his mouth and nose and much less can the tops of his fingers be worn and excoriated for when a man is already dead he cannot strive against death But as concerning the bodies of those that are drowned those that swim on the upper part of the water being swoln or puffed up they are not so by reason of the water that is conteined in the belly but by reason of a certain vapor into which a great portion of the humors of the body are converted by the efficacy of the putrifying heat Therefore this swelling appeareth not in all men which do perish or else are cast out dead into the waters but only in them which are corrupted with the filthiness or muddiness of the water long time after they were drowned and cast on the shore But now I will declare the accidents that come to those that are suffocated and stifled or smothered with the vapor of kindled or burning charcoals Of such as are smothered by Charcoal and how you may fore-tel the causes thereof by the history following In the year of our Lord God 1575. the tenth day of May I with Robert Gleauline Doctor of Physick was sent for by Master Hamel an Advocate of the Court of Parliament of Paris to see and shew my opinion on two of his servants of whom the one was his Clerk and the other his Horse-keeper All his family supposed them dead because they could not perceive or feel their Arteries to beat all the extreme parts of their bodies were cold they could neither speak nor move their faces were pale and wan neither could they be raised up with any violent beating or plucking by the hair Therefore all men accounted them dead and the question was only of what kinde of death they died for their Master suspected that some body had strangled them others thought that each of them had stopped one anothers winde with their hands and others judged that they were taken with a sudden apoplexy But I presently inquired Whether there had been any fire made with coals in the house lately whereunto their master giving ear sought about all the corners of the chamber for the chamber was very little and close and at last found an earthen-pan with charcoal half burned which when we once saw we all affirmed with one voyce that it was the cause of all this misfortune and that it was the malign fume and venemous vapor which had smothered them as it were by stopping the passages of their breath Therefore I put my hand to the regions of their hearts where I might perceive that there was some life remaining by the heat and pulsation that I felt though it were very little wherefore we thought it convenient to augment and increase it Therefoâe first of all artificially opened their mouths which were very fast closed and sticking obstinately together and thereinto both with a spoon and also with a silver-pipe we put aqua vitae often distilled with dissolved hiera and triacle when we had injected these medicines often into their mouths they begân to move and to stretch themselves and to cast up and expel many viscous excremental and filthy humors at their mouths and nostrils and their lungs seemed to be hot as it were in their throats Therefore then we gave them vomitories of a great quantity of Oxymel and beat them often
was chief of the Army and the Kings Lieutenant Being at S. Denis in France staying while the Companies passed by he sent for me to Paris to come speak with him being there he prayed me and his request was a command that I would follow him this Voyage and I about to make my excuse told him my wife was sick in her bed he made me answer That there were Physicians at Paris for to cure her and that he as well left his own who was as well descended as mine promising me that he would use me well and forthwith gave command that I should be lodged as one of his Train Seeing this great affection which he had to lead me with him I durst not refuse him I went and met with him at the Castle of Compt within three or four leagues of Hedin there where there was the Emperors Souldiers in garrison with a number of Pessants round about he caused them to be summoned to render themselves and they made answer they should never have them but by pieces and let them do their worst and they would do their best to defend themselves They put confidence in their ditches full of water and in two hours with a great number of Bavins and certain empty Casks way was made to pass over the Foot when they must go to the assault and were beaten with five pieces of Cannon till a breach was made large enough to enter in where they within received the assault very valiantly and not without killing and hurting a great number of our people with musket-shot pikes and âones In the end when they saw themselves constrained they put fire to their powder and munition which was the cause of burning many of our people and theirs likewise and they were all almost put to the sword History of desperate people Notwithstanding some of our souldiers had taken twenty or thirty hoping to have ransome for them That was known and ordered by the Councel that it should be proclamed by the Trumpet through the Camp that all Souldiers who had any Spaniards prisoners were to kill them upon pain to be hanged and strangled which was done upon cold blood From thence we went and burnt divers Villages whose barns were full of all kinde of Grain to my grief We went along even to Tournahan where there was a very great Tower where the Enemies retired The taking of the Castle of Compt. but there was no man found in it all was pillaged and the tower was made to leap by a Mine and then with Gun-powder turned topsie-turvy After that the Camp was broken up and I returned to Paris I will not yet forget to write that the day after the Castle of Compt was taken Monsieur de Vendosme sent a Gentleman to the King to make report to him of all which had passed and amongst other things told the King that I had greatly done my duty in dressing those that were wounded and that I had shewed him eighteen bullets which I had taken or drawn out of the hurt bodies and that there were divers more which I could neither finde nor draw out and told more good of me then there was by half Then the King said he would have me into his service and commanded Monsieur de Goguier his chief Physician to write me down as entertained one of his Surgeons in ordinary and that I should go meet with him at Rheimes within ten or twelve dayes which I did where he did me the honor to command me that I would dwell near him and that he would do me good Then I thankt him most humbly for the honor it pleased him to do me in calling me to his service The voyage of Mets 1552. THe Emperor having besieged Mets and in the hardest time of winter The names of the Princes who were at the siege of Mets. as each one knows of fresh memory and that there was in the City five or six thousand men and amongst the rest seven Princes that is to say Monsieur the Duke of Guise the Kings Lievtenant Messieurs'd Anguien de Conde de Montpensier deo La Roch upon You Monsieur de Nemours and divers other Gentlemen with a number of old Captains of War who often made sallies forth upon the enemies as we shall speak hereafter which was not without slaying many as well on the one side as the other For the most part all our wounded people died and it was thought the medicaments wherewith they were dressed were poisoned which caused Monsieur de Guise and other Princes to send to the King for me and that he would send me with Drogues to them for they believed theirs were poysoned seeing that of their hurt people few escaped I do not believe there was any poyson but the great stroaks of the Cutlasses musket-shot and the extremity of cold was the cause The King caused one to write to Monsieur the marshal of S. Andrew which was his Lieutenant at Verdun that he found some means to make me enter into Mets. The said Lord Marshal of S. Andrew and monsieur the marshal of old Ville got an Italian Captain Notaâ who promised them to make me enter in which he did and for which he had fifteen hundred Crowns the King having heard of the promise which the Italian Captain had made sent for me and commanded me to take of his Apothecary named Daigue such and as many Drogues as I should think fit for the hurt who were besieged which I did as much as a post-horse could carry The King gave me charge to speak to Monsieur de Guise and to the Princes and Captains who were at Mets. Being arrived at Verdun a few dayes after the Monsieur the Marshal of S. Andrew Commission of the Author caused horses to be given to me and my man and for the Italian who spake very good high Dutch Spanish and Wallon with his own natural tongue When we were within eight or ten Leagues of Mets we went not but in the night and being near the Camp I saw a league and a half off bright fires about the City which seemed as if all the earth had been on fire and I thought we could never pass through those fires without being discovered and by consequent be hanged and strangled or cut in pieces or pay a great ransome To speak truth I wished my self at Paris for the imminent danger which I fore-saw God guided so well our affairs that we entred the City at midnight with a certain Token which the Captain had with another Captain of the company of Monsieur de Guise which Lord I went to and found him in bed who received me with great thanks being joyful of my comming I did my message to him of all that the King had commanded me to say to him I told him I had a little letter to give to him and that the next day I would not fail to deliver it him That done he commanded me a good lodging
else make them lye for all together Also there was order given to the women to unpave the streets and to cast out at their windows billets tables tresses forms and stools which would have troubled their brains moreover there was a little further a strong Court of Guard filld with carts und pallisados pipes and hogsheads filld with earth for barricados to serve to interlay with faulcons faulconets field-pieâes harquibuzes muskets and pistols and wilde-fire which would have brokenlegs and thighs insomuch that they had been beaten in head in flank and in tail and where they had forced this Court of Guard there was others at the crossing of the streets each distant an hundred spaces who had been as bad companions as the first and would not have been without making a great many Widdows and Orphans And if fortune would have been so much against us as to have broken our Courts of Guard there was seven great Bastallions ordered in square and triangle to combate altogether each one accompanied with a Prince to give them boldness and encourage them to fight even till the last gasp and to dye all together Moreover it was resolved that each one should carry his treasure rings and jewels and their houshold-stuff of the best to burn them in the great place and to put them into ashes rather then the enemy should prevail and make Trophies of their spoils likewise there was people appointed to put fire to the munition and to beat out the heads of the Wine-casks others to put the fire in each house to burn our enemies and us together the Citizens had accorded it thus rather then to see the bloody knife upon their throat and their Wives and Daughters violated and to be taken by force by the cruel inhumane Spaniards Now we had certain prisoners which Monsieur de Guise sent away upon their faith to whom was secretly imparted our last resolution will and desperate mindes who being arrived in their Camp do not defer the publishing which bridled the great impetuosity and will of the souldiers to enter any more into the City to cut our throats and to enrich themselves of our pillages The Emperor having understood this deliberation of the great Warriour the Duke of Guise put water in his wine and restrained his great choler and fury saying He could not enter into the City without making a great slaughter and butchery and spill much blood as well of the defendants as of the assaylants and that they should be dead together and in the end could have nothing else but a few ashes and that afterward it might be spoken of that as of the destruction of Jerusalem already made by Titus and Vespatian The Emperor then having understood our last resolution and seeing their little prevailing by their battery and undermining and the great plague which was in his whole army and the indisposition of the time and the want of victuals and mony and that his souldiers forsook him and went away in great companies concluded in the end to retire themselves accompanied with the Cavallery of his Vantguard with the greatest part of his Artillery and the Battalia The Marquess of Brandeburg was the last which uncampt maintained by certain bands of Spaniards Bohemians and his German companies and there remained one day and a half after to the great grief of Monsieur de Guise who caused four pieces of Artillery to be brought out of the City which he caused to be discharged at him on one side and the other to hasten them to be gon which he did full quickly with all his Troops He being a quarter of a league from Mets was taken with a fear lest our Cavallery should fall upon him in the Rere which caused him to put fire to his munition-powder and leave certain pieces of Artillery and much baggage which he could not carry because the Vantguard and the Battalia and great Cannons had too much broken the way Our hors-men would by all means have gone out of the city to have falln upon their breech But Monsieur de Guise would never permit them but on the contrary we should rather make plain their way and make them bridges of gold and silver and let them go being like to a good shepherd who will not lose one of his sheep See now how our well-beloved Imperialists went away from before the City of Mets which was the day after Christmas day to the great contentment of the besieged and honor of Princes Captains and Souldiers who had endured the travels of this siege the space of two moneths Notwithstanding they did not all go there wanted twenty thousand who were dead as well by Artillery as by the sword as also by the plague cold and hunger and for spite they could not enter into the City to cut our throats and have the pillage and also a great number of their horses died of which they had eaten a great part in stead of Beef and Bacon They went where they had been encamped where they found divers dead-bodies not yet buried and earth all digged like S. Innocents Church-yard in the time of the Plague They did likewise leave in their lodgings pavillions and tents divers sick people also bullets arms carts wagons and other baggage with a great many of munition loaves spoiled and rotten by the rain and snow yet the souldiers had it but by weight and measure and likewise they left great provision of wood of the remainders of the houses of the Villages which they had pluckt down two or three miles compass likewise divers other houses of pleasure belonging to the Citizens accompanied with fair gardens and grass-plats fild with fruit-trees for without that they had been starved with cold and had been constrained to have raised the siege sooner The said Monsieur de Guise caused the dead to be buried and dress their sick people likewise the enemies left in the Abby of S. Arnoul divers of their hurt souldiers which they could not lead with them the Said Monsieur de Guise sent them all victuals enough and commanded me and other Surgeons to go dress them and give them medicines which we willingly did and think they would not have done the like toward others because the Spaniard is most cruel perfidious and inhumane and therefore enemy to all Nations which is proved by Lopez a Spaniard and Benzo of Milan and others who have written the history of America and the West Indies who have been constrained to confess that the cruelty avarice blasphemy and wickedness of the Spaniards have altogether alienated the poor Indians from the Religion which the said Spaniards are said to hold And all write they are less worth then the Idolatrous Indians by the cruel usage done to the said Indians And after a few dayes we sent a Trumpet to Thionville toward the enemy that they should send back for their wounded men in safety which they did with Carts and Waggons but not enough Monsieur de Guise caused
them to have carts and carters to help to carry them to the said Thionville Our said carters being returned back brought us word that the way was paved with dead bodies and that they never led back the half for they died in their Carts and the Spaniards seeing them at the point of death before they had cast our their last gasp cast them out of their cââts and buryed them in the mud and mire saying They had no order to bring back the dead Mo eover our said carters said they met by the way divers carts loaden with baggage sticking in the ââire which they durst not send for back for fear lest those of Mets should fall upon them I will again return to the cause of their mortality which was principally through hunger plague and cold for the snow was two foot thick upon the earth and they were lodged in the caves of the earth only covered with a little straw Notwithstanding each Souldier hâd his field-bed and a covering strewed with glittering stars more bright then fine gold and every day had white sheets and lodged at the sign of the Moon and made good chear when they had it and paid their hoste so well over-night that in the morning they went away quite shaking their ears and they needed no comb to take away the down out of their hairs either of head or beard and found alwaies a white table-cloth losing good meals for want of Victuals Also the greatest part of them had neither boots nor buskins slippers hose or shooes and divers had rather have none then have them because they were alwaies in mud half way of the leg and because they went bare-legd we called them the Emperors Apostles After the Camp was wholly broken I distributed my Patients into the hands of the Surgeons of the City to finish their cure then I took leave of Monsieur de Guise who came back toward the King who received me with a loving countenance and demanded of me how I did enter into the City of Mets. I recounted to him all that I had done he caused two hundred Crowns to be given me and one hundred I had at my going out and told me he would not leave me poor then I thanked him most humbly for the good and the honor which he pleased to do me The Voyage of Hedin 1553. CHarls the Emperor caused the City of Therowenne to be besieged where Monsieur the Duke of Savoy was General of the whole Army it was taken by assault where there was a great number of our men slain and prisoners The King willing to prevent that the Enemy should not also come to besiege the City and Castle of Hedin sent Messiers the Duke of Bevillion the Duke Horace the Marquess of Villars a number of Captains and about eight hundred Souldiers and during the siege of Therowenne the said Lords fortified the said Castle of Hedin in such sort that it seemed impregnable The King sent me to the said Lord to help them wiâh my Art if there were any need Now soon after the taking of Therowenne we were besieged with the Army there was a quick clear fountain of Spring within Cannon-shot where there was about fourscore whores and wenches of the enemies who were round about it to draw water I was upon a Rampart beholding the Camp and seeing so many idlers about the said Fountain I prayed Monsieur be Pont Commssiary of the Artillery to make one Cannon-shot at that roguish company he made me much denial answering me that such kinde of people were not worth the powder they should waste Again I prayed him to levell the Cannon telling him The more dead the fewer enemies which he did through my request and at that shot fifteen or sixteen were killd and many hurt Our souldiers sallied forth upon the enemies where there was many killd and slain with musket shot and swords as well on the one side as of the other and our souldiers did often make sallies forth upon the enemies before their trenches were made wheâe I had much work cut out so that I had no rest night nor day for dressing the wounded And I will tell this by the way that we had put many of them in a great Tower laid upon a little straw and their pillows were stones their coverlets were their cloaks of those that had any Whilst the battery was making as many shot as the Cannons made the patients said they felt pain in their wounds as if one had given them blows with a staff the one cryed his head the other his arm and so of other parts divers of their wounds bled afresh yea in greater quantity then first when they were wounded and then it was I must run to stay their bleeding My little Master if you had been there you had been much troubled with your hot-irons you had need to have had muâh charcoal to make them red hot and beleive they would have slain you like a Calf for this cruelty Now through this diabolical tempest of the Eccho from these thundering Instruments and by the great and vehement agitation of the collision of the air resounding and reveâberating in the wounds of the hurt people divers died and others because thây could not rest by reason of the groans and cries that they made night and day and also for want of good nourishment and other good usage necessary to wounded people Now my little matter if you had been thâre you would hardly hâve given them gelly restauratives cullites pressures panado cleansed barly white meats almond-milk prunes raisins and other proper meats for sick people your ordinance would only have been accomplisht in paper but in effect they could have had nothing but old Cow-beef which was taken about Hedin for our munition salted and half-boiled in so much that who would have eat it he must pull it with the force of his teeth as biâds of Prey do carrion I will not forget their linnen wherewith they were drest which was only rewashed every day and dried at the fire and therefore dry and stubborn like Parchment I leave you to think how their wounds coâld heal well There were four lusty whores to whom charge was given to wâsh their linnen who discharged their duty under penalry of the battoon and also they wanted both sope and water See then how the sick people died for want of nourishment and other necessary things One day our enemies feigned to give us a general assaultâ to draw our souldiers upon the breach to the end to know our countenance and behaviour every one ran thitheâ we had made great provision of artificial fire to defend the breach a Priest belonging to Mousieur âu B uillon took a granaco thinking to throw it on the Enemies and set it on fire sooner then it ought to have done it brake asunder and the fire fell amongst our fire-works which were pât into a house near the breach which was to vs a marvellous disaster
because it burned divers poor souldiers it also took hold on the house it self and we had been all burned had not great help been used for to quench it there was but one Well there wherein was water in our Casile which was almost quite dried up and in stead of water we took beer and quenched it then afterwards we had great scarcity of water and to drink the rest that remained which we must strain through napkins Now the enemy seeing this smoak and tempest of the fire-works which cast a very great flame and clashing noiâe they beleived we had put the fire on purpose for the defence of our breach to burn them and that we had great store of others That made them to be of another opinion then to take us by assault they did undermine and dig under the greatest part of ouâ walls so that it was the way to overthrow wholly the Castle topsie-turvy and when the mines were finisht and that their artillery shot the whole Castle did shake under us like an earth-quake which did much astonish us Moreover he had levelled five pieces of Artilery which they had seated upon a little hill to play upon our backs when we would go to defend the breâch The Duke Horace had a Cannon shot upon one shoulder which carryed away his arm on one side and the body on the other without being able to speak one only word His death was to us a great disaster for the rank which he held in his place Likewise Monsieur de Martignes had a ââoke with a bullet which pierct through his Lungs I drest him as I will declare hereafter Then we demanded Parl and a trumpet was sent toward the Prince of Piedmont to know what composition it pleased him to make us His answer was that all the chieâ as Gentlemen Captains Lieutenants and Ensigns should be taken for ransom and the Souldiers should go out without Arms and if they refused this fair and honest proffer the next day we ought to be assured they would have us by assault or otherwise Counsel was held where I was called to know if I would sign as divers Captains Gentlemen and others that the place should be rendred up I made answer it was not possible to be held and that I would sign it with my proper blood for the little hope that I had that we could resâst the enemies force and also for the great desire which I had to be out of this torment and hell for I slep not either night or day by reason of the great number of hurt people which were about two hundred The dead bodies yeelded a great putrefaction being heaped one upon another like fagots and not being covered with earth because we had it not and when I entred into one lodging Souldiers attended me at the door to go and dress others at another when I went forth there was striving who should have me and they carryed me like a holy body not touching the ground with my foot in spite one of another nor could I satisfie so great a number of hurt people Moreover I had not what was necessary to dress them withal for it is not sufficient that the Surgeon do his duty towards the Patients but the Patient must also do his and the assistants and all exterior things witness Hippocrates in his first Aporism Now having understood the resolution of the yeelding up of our place I knew our affairs wânt not well and for fear of being known I gave a velvet coat a Satin doublet a very fine cloth-cloak lind with velvet to a souldier who gave me a scurvy old torn doâblet cut and slâsht with using and a leather jerkin well examined and an ill-favored hat and a little cloak I smucht the collar of my shirt with water in which I had mingled a lâttle foot likewise I wore out my stockings with a stone at the knees and at the heels as if they had been wore a long time and I did as much to my shoos insomuch that they would rather take me âor a Chimny-sweeper then a Kings Suâgeon I went in this Equipage towards Monsieur de Martigues where I prayed him that he would take order that I might remain near him to dress him which he agreed to most willingly and had as much desire I should remain with him as my self Soon after the Commissioners who had charge to elect the prisoners entred into the castle the seventeenth day of July one thousand five hundred fifty three where they made Messieures the Duke of Bouillion the Marquess of Villars the Baron of Culan Monsieur du Pont Commissary of the Artillery and Monsieur de Martigues and I to be taken through the request that he made to them and all other Gentlemen which they could perceive were able to pay any ransom and the most part of the Souldiers and the chief of Companies having such and so many prisoners as they would Afterward the Spanish Souldiers entered by the breach without any resistance for ours esteemed they would hold their faith and composition that they should have their lives saved They entred in with a great fury to kill pillage and to rifle all they retained some hoping to have ransom they tied their stones with Arquebus-cords which was cast over a pike which two held upon their shoulders then pulled the said cord with a great violence and deriââon as if they would ring a bell telling them that they must put themselves to the ransom and tell of what houses they were and if they saw they could have no profit made them cruelly dye between their hands or presently after their genital parts would have faln into a gangrene and total mortification but they kild them all with their daggers and cut their throats See now their great cruelty and perfideousness let him trust to it that will Now to return to my purpose being led from the Castle to the City with Monsieur de Martigues there was a Gentleman of the Duke of Savoyes who asked me if Monsieur de Martigues wound were curable I answered not who presently went and told the Duke of Savoy now I thought he would send Physicians and Surgeons to visit and dress my said Monsieur de Martigues in the mean time I thought with my self whether I ought to make it nice and not to acknowledg my self a Surgeon for fear lest they should retain me to dress their wounded and in the end they would know I was the Kings Surgeon and that they would make me pay a great ransom On the other side I feared if I should not make my self known to be a Surgeon and to have carefully dressed Monsieur de Martigues they would cut my throat so that I took a resolution to make it appear to them he would not dye for want of good dressing and looking to Soon after see there were divers Gentlemen accompanied with the Physician and Surgeon of the Emperor and those of the said Duke of
joyned by Anastomosis or ineculation 10. 10. The second called Pudenda 11. spent upon the privy parts 11. The third Coxalis 12 upon the Muscles of the Hip. 12. Here the outer Iliacal vein having past through the Peritoneum or rim of the Belly enters the Crus and begins to be called the Crural Trunk Î Î. that is undivided as far as to the two lower heads of the Thigh But it reaches forth four propagations before its division The first 13 13. is called Saphena which creeps through the inside of the Leg under the skin as far as to the ends of the Toes 14. Another 14 called Ichia is spread out into the skin upon the Hip-bone The third 15 named Muscula is sent to the Muscles 15. which extend the Leg. 16. The fourth 16 named Poplitea is distributed into the Calf of the Leg. 13. The vein Saphena also scatters from it self four surcles 17 the first 17 into the upper part of the skin of the inside of the Thigh 18. the second 18 about the middle of the Thigh 19. the third 19 into the Knee the fourth 20 is carried forward and backward to the middle of the Leg. 20. Î. The division of the Crural Trunk near to the two lower heads of the Thigh into an inner branch Î Î. and an outer one Î. Î. Î. The inner distributes little branches to the Muscles of the Calf 21 12. and then runs down under the inner ankle to the great Toe 22. 22. Î. The outer presently is cleft into two branches an inner one Î Î. and an outer Î . That is spent wholly upon the Muscles of the Calf Î . this passes on near to the Fibula or lesser bone of the Leg through the outer and back-side of the Leg. The second Treatise Concerning The ARTERIES CHAP. I. Shews the upper or ascendent Trunk of the great Artery with its propagations that are distributed through the Head THere is no controversie among writers of Anatomy concerning the number and original of the Arteries The Original of the great Artery but an unanimous consent that all the propagations which are scattered throughout the body take their rise from one which they call Aorta and that this is derived out of the Heart But the Heart consisting of two sinus or cavities a right and a left one this great Artery grows out of the left sinus or ventricle A where it is largest and more hard and griestly then elswhere But as soon as it is grown out and before it fall out of the Pericardium or purse of the Heart Arteriae Coronariae the Crown-Arteries it presently propagates two small sprigs a a one of each side which they call Arteriae Coronariae the Crown-Arteries because together with the vena Coronalis or Crown-vein they compass the basis of the Heart in manner of a Crown and from these many propagations are scattered downward all along the Heart But they are more and greater about the left then the right ventricle as we have also formerly said concerning the vein because the Heart needs a greater plenty of blood on that side as which beats with a perpetual and more violent motion wherein more blood is digested then the right sinus or ventricle does yet that propagation is bigger and longer which arises on t of the right side of the Artery sometimes also there is only one at whose orifice a little valve is found Those propagations being thus disseminated the Artery ascends somewhat under the Trunk of the vena Arteriosa The divisions of the great Artery into two Trunks or Arterial vein and pierces through the Pericardium and having got above it is cleft B into two branches which because of their natural greatness we will call Trunks and because one ascends C and the other runs downward Q that shall be the Ascendent Trunk this the Descendent Yet the Descendent and lower one is bigger by much then the upper What parts both the Trunks nourish The order of that which is to be said because that serves more parts then this For the Ascendent one goes only to some parts of the Chest to the Head and Arms but the lower to very many parts of the Chest to all the lowest belly and the Legs That therefore we may treat of the great Artery with more perspicuity we will first shew the Ascendent Trunk and its progress through the Chest and Head and after that its branches distributed through the Arms. Then we will fall upon the Descendent one add explain the manner of its distribution through the Chest and lowest belly and lastly through the Legs The Ascendent therefore or upper Trunk of the Aorta C being fastened to the Oe sophagus or Gullet climbs upward betwixt the rough Artery and Hollow-vein and the mediastinum or partition of the Chest Which situation of it they ought diligently to observe who desire to know the reason of that Aphorism which is the four and twentieth of the fifth Section in Hippocrates For sayes he cold things as snow and ice are enemies to the Breast provoke coughs and cause eruptions of blood and distillations Truly they are enemies to the Breast because whilest they are swallowed down through the Gullet they cool the rough Artery that lyes next to it together with the Gullet which part being of it self cold does easily take harm from so violent a cold hence the cough and other diseases of the Brest follow one another in a long row But issues of blood happen in like manner the great Artery being cooled whereby the vital Spirits and the blood are driven back to the Heart and from thence are sent up forcibly to the Head which being stuft eruptions of blood are caused by its dropping forth at the Nostrils as also catarrhs and distillations it being driven down undigested to the inferiour parts And hence also a reason may be rendered why some upon drinking of cold water after vehement motions and exercise of body have presently been suffocated the passion of the heart and grievous swoundings following thereupon For the Artery being vehemently coold the blood is congealed as well that which was in the Aorta or Great artery as that which abides in the heart from whence happen at first fearful symptoms and then suddain death But we have seen in these men that a vein being opened the blood hath come out thick and cold and with very great difficulty whence also we have not found a more present remedy for them then such things as by reason of the thinness of their parts have a power of dissolving the clots of blood Hence also a reason may be given why in burning fevers the tongue becomes black the diseased can hardly swallow For although it be true which is the cause commonly assign'd that many vapors are sent up from the whole body to the head yet we may ascribe a main
midriff the Coeliacal one then the upper Mesenterick the two emulgents as many spermatical ones at last the lower Mesenterick and the Lumbares or arteries of the loins Of these the Intercostals are scattered whilst the trunk is yet in the chest the rest whilst it passes on through the lowest belly But some of them accompany the branches of the gate-vein as the Coelicacal and both the Mesenterical arteries others those of the hollow vein as the rest Now we will treat of these in order beginning from the Intercostals or arteries between the ribs which are placed uppermost Presently therefore after the Descendent trunk Q is issued forth from its back-side it sends over little branches on both sides to the distances of the eight lower ribs which they call Intercostales inferiores Intercostales inferiores the arteries between the lower ribs the lower arteries between the ribs uuu in respect of the upper Intercostal of which we have spoken above These associating themselves with the veins and nerves of the same name go straight on by the lower side of the ribs where peculiar sinus or channels are cut out for them But as the Intercostal veins reach in the true ribs only to the gristles but in the bastard ones somewhat farther to wit to the sides of the abdomen so also the arteries end in them together with the bony parts of the ribs but in these run out a little farther And these arteries send over some propagations through the holes of the nerves to the spinal marrow and to the muscles that lye upon the rack-bones of the back just as we have said the Intercostal veins were propagated Their use But the use of them is to diffuse the vital spirit and the blood to the muscles betwixt the ribs besides which they have also another notable office to wit of carrying down the water and purulent matter that is gathered together in the chest into the great artery and from thence by the Emulgent branches to the bladder Although I am not ignorant that the most learned Fallopius and others who have read before me in this most famous University of Padua have shewn another way to their Auditors by which either purulent matter or water might be conveyed forth by help of the kidneys to wit the vein sine pari or without a companion a little branch whereof in the left side goes into the Emulgent of the left kidney But this way which we shew through the Intercostal arteries is by much the shorter that I pass by this that any matter heaped together may be more easily dispatcht away through the arteries then the veins Nor needs any one here to be afraid lest the vital spirits should be infected from these excrementitious and ill humurs whereby the heart may incurre fearful symptoms when we willingly grant which experience also hath often taught us that whilst the corrupt matter is emptied out by the urine the sick parties have often faln into fits of swounding and other diseases sometimes also have died suddenly when the peccant humor has been of too great a quantity or too bad a quality and has offered so much violence to nature that the heat and spirits have been over come therewith The explanation of a place in Hippocrates But here a certain place in Hippocrates calls upon me to explain it which has long and often troubled my minde The place is in Coacis praenotionibus where he says They who together with the heart have their whole lungs inflamed so that it falls to the side are deprived of motion all over and the parties so diseased lye cold senseless and dye the second or third day But if this happen to the lungs without the heart they live not so long Yet some also are preserved I have often thought with my self what should be that sympathy of the heart lungs with the brain and nerves that from the inflammation of those parts the patient should be so deprived of sense and motion all over when the same Hippocrates teacheth in the same place that the diseased suffer such deprivation in that part livid spots appear on the outside about the rib where-about the Aortae so he seems to call the lobes or division of the lungs being inflamed fall to the sides But if they be not much inflamed so that they fall not down to the side he sayes that there is a pain indeed all over but no deprivation of sense or motion nor any spots appear Having deliberated often with my self at length I came to be of this opinion that there was no other cause but the sympathy betwixt these Intercostal arteries and the marrow in the back-bone This sympathy arises from those propagations which we told you past through the holes of the rack-bones of the chest into the back-bone Wherefore if the lungs and heart be so mightily inflamed that great plenty of blood rush into the great artery whereupon it swels as also these vessels betwixt the ribs and consequently those surcles which go to the marrow of the back-bone truly it cannot be but that both the marrow and the nerves which issue out of it be comprest from whence what else can follow but the resolution of those parts into which those nerves are implanted to which they impart the faculty of motion This opinion seems to me to be wonderfully confirmed by a certain pretty observation which the learned Cornelius Gemma has in his book de hemititraeo pestilenti A certain studious young man sayes he through the whole course of his disease had his left eye less then the other He was paind in the left side especially all the time the fit raged but about the crisis or judication thereof the artery of his left leg being swoln up was moved according to its length that being to be seen by us it seemed to be turned upward and downward like a rope pull'd back Who will not here willingly confess that this matter was in the arteries when the crisis was made by them But from this that hath been said a reason may be also given of another observation of Galen which is l. 4 de locis affect c. 4. where he sayes thus In a certain man who was troubled with a vehement inflammation of the lungs as wel the outer as the inner parts of his arm from the cubit to the very ends of his fingers labour'd with difficulty of sense and their motion also was somewhat empair'd In the same man also the nerves which are in the first and second distances betwixt the ribs sustained harm And a little after This man was quickly restored to his health to wit a medicine being applyed to the place from whence the nerves issue forth near to the first and second spaces betwixt the ribs By reason of the same branches betwixt the ribs John Valeriola the son of that Physitian whose observations we have being yet a boy suffered Convulsion-fits in a grievous Pleurisie The arteries
description and use 713 Viper See Adder Virginity the signs thereof 747 Vital parts which 56 their division ibid. Vitreus humor 130 Viver or as some term it the Weaver a fish his poysonous prick and the cure 515 Ulcers conjoyned with tumors how cured 188. in what bodies not easily cured 294. their nature causes c. 327. signs 328. prognosticks 329. their general cure 330. signs of a distempered one and the cure ibid. a painful one and the cure 321. with proud flesh in them ibid. putrid and breeding worms 332. a sordid one ibid. a malign virulent and eating one 333. advertisements concerning the time of dressing ulcers ibid. how to binde them up 334. such as run are good in time of the plague 328. Ulcers in particular and first of the eyes 334. of the nose 335. of the mouth ibid. of the ears 336. of the windepipe weazon stomach and guts 337. of the kidnies and bladder ibid. of the womb 338. that happen upon the fracture of the leg rump and heel 365. how to prevent them ibid. they must be seldome drest when the Callus is breeding 366 Umbilical vessels how many and what 594 Unction to be used in the Lues Venerea 467. their use 468. cautions in their use ibid. and the inconveniences following the immoderate use 469 Ungula or the web on the eye the causes prognosticks and cure 406 Unguentum adstringens 706. nutritum ibid. reum ibld. basilicum sive tetrapharmacum ibid diapompholigos 707. desiccativum rub ib. enulatum ib. Album Rhasis ib. Altheae ib. populeon ib. apostolorum ib. comitissae ib pro stomacho ib. ad morsus rabiosos ibid. Unicorn if any such beast what the name imports 523. what the ordinary horns are 524. not effectual against poyson ibid. effectual onely to dry ibid. in what cases good 525. Voices whence so various 136 Vomits their force 25. their description 197 Vomiting why it happens in the Colick 73. the fittest time therefore 450. to make it easie ibid. Voyages and other employments wherein the Author was present of Thurin 756. of Morolle and Low Britain 757. of Perpignan 758. of Landresie 759. of Bologn ibid. of Germany ibid. of Danvillers 760. of Castle of Compt 761. Of Mets ibid. of Hedin 765. Battel of St. Quintin 771. Voyage of Amiens of Harbor of Grace 772 to Roven ibid. battel of Dreux 773. of Moncontour ibid. Voyaâe of Flanders 774. of Burges 777 battel of St. Dennis ibid. voyage of Baion ibid. Urachus 93 Ureters their substance c. 85 Urine stopt by dislocation of the thigh-bone 391. suppression thereof how deadly 421. how it happens by internal causes 434. by external 435. prognosticks ibid. things unprofitable in the whole body purged thereby ibid. bloody the differences and causes thereof 436. the cure 437. scalding thereof how helped 474. a receptacle for such as cannot keep it 568. Urines of such as have the Plague sometimes like those that are in health 536 Utelif a strange fish 45. Vvea tunica 142 Vulnerary potions their use 482. the names of the simples whereof they are composed ibid. their form and when chiefly to be used 483 Uvula the site and use thereof 136 the inflammation and relaxation thereof 209. the cure ibid. W. WAlnut tree and the malignity thereof 519 Warts of the neck of the womb 638. their cure ibid. Washes to beautifie the skin 721 Wasps their stinging how helped 513 Watching and the discommodities thereof 24 Water its qualities 3. best in time of plague 530 Waters how to be distilled 729 Watrsh tumors their signs and cure 191 192 Weapons of the Antients compared with those of the moderm times 287 Weazon the substance c. thereof 109. how to be opened in extreme diseases 208. the wounds thereof 273. the ulcers thereof 337 Weakness two causes thereof 178 Web on the eye which curable and which not 406. the cure ibid. Wedge-bone 121 Weights and measures with their notes 702 Wen their causes and cure 193. c. how to distinguish them in the brest from a Cancer 194 Whale why reckoned among monsters 676. they bring forth young and suckle them 677. how caught ibid. Whalebone ibid. Whirl-bone the fracture and the cure 362. dislocation thereof 394 White lime 69 Whites the reason of the name differences c. 636. causes 637. their cure ibid. Whitlows 223 Wine which not good in the gout 452 Windes their tempers and qualities 13 20 Winter and the temper thereof 6. how it increaseth the native heat ibid. Wisdom the daughter of memory and experience 598 Witches hurt by the Divels assistance 661 Wolves their deceits and ambushes 44 Womb the substance magnitude c. thereof 89. the coats thereof 92 signs of the wounds thereof 280. ulcers thereof and their cure 338. when it hath received the seed it is shut up 593. the falling down thereof how caused 604. it is not distinguished into cells 617. a scirrhus thereof 622. signs of the distemper thereof 623. which meet for conception ibid. of the falling down preversion or turning thereof 624. the cure thereof 625. it must be cut away when it is putrified 626. the strangulation or suffocation thereof 628. See Strangulation Women their nature 18. how to know whether they have conceived 593. their travel in childebirth and the cause thereof 599. what must be done to them presently after their deliverance 602. bearing many children at a birth 648 Wonderful net 120 Wondrous original of some creatures 669. nature of some marine things ibid. Worms in the teeth their causes and how killed 415. bred in the head 488. cast forth by urine 489. how generated and their differences 490. of monstrous length ibid. signs 491. the cure 492 Wounds may be cured only with lint and water 35 Wounds termed great in three respects 229 742 Wounds poysoned how cured 500 Wounds of the head at Paris and of the legs at Avignon why hard to be cured 301 Wounds what the divers appellation and division of them 227. their causes 228. and signs 229. prognosticks ibid. small ones sometimes mortal 230. their cure in general ibid. to stay their bleeding 232. to help pain 223. why some die of small ones and others recover of great 249. whether better to cure in children or in old people 250. wounds of the head See fractures Of the musculous skin thereof 255. their cure 256. of the face 267. of the eye-brows ibid. of the eyes 268. of the cheek 170. of the nose 272. of the tongue ibid. of the ears 273. of the neck and throat ibid. of the weazon and gullet ibid. of the chest 274. of the heart lungs and midriff ibid. of the spine 275. what wounds of the lungs curable 277. of the Epigastrium or lower belly 280. their cure 281. of the Kall ibid. of the fat ibid. of the groins yard and testicles ibid. of the thighs and legs 282. of the nerves and nervous parts ibid. of the joints 284. of the ligaments 286 Wounds contused must be brought to suppuration 294 Wounds made by gun-shot are not burnt neither must they be cauterized 288. they may be dressed with suppuratives 289 why hard to cure ibid. why they look black 291. they have no Eschar ibid. why so deadly 292. in what bodies not easily cured 294. their division ibid. signs 295. how to be drest at the first ibid. how the second time 299. they all are contused 305 Wounds made by arrows how different from those made by gunshot 308 Wrist and the bones thereof 155. the dislocation thereof and the cure 388 Y. YArd and the parts thereof 87. the wounds thereof 281. to help the cord thereof 419. the malign ulcers thereof 471. to supply the defect thereof for making water 569 Yew-tree its malignity 519 Z. Zirbus the Kall the substance c. thereof 69 70 FINIS
⥠ss Mucaginis sem Psylii ⥠ij succi hyoscyami ⥠i. Misce But if the Erysipelas be upon the face you must use the medicine following â Unguent Ros ⥠iiij succi plantagin sempervivi an ⥠i trochisc de CamphoraÊ ss aceti parum let them be mixed together and make a liniment But if the heat and pain be intolerable we must come to narcotick medicines As â succi hyoscyami solani cicutae an ⥠i allum ovorum n. ij aceti ⥠ss opii Camphor an gra 4 croci â ss Mucaginis sem psyll faenigr extractae in aq ros plantag an ⥠i ol de papav ⥠ij fiat linimentum addendo ung refrigerantis Gal. comphor q. satis sit Yet we must not use such like medicines too long lest they cause an extinction of the native heat and mortification of the part What caution must be had in the use of narcotick medicines Wherefore such Narcotick medicines must be used with regard of place time and such other circumstances Therefore we may three manner of wayes understand when to desist from using Narcotick or stupefactive medicines The first is when the Patient in the affected part feels not so much heat pricking and pain as before The second is when the part feels more gentle to the touch than before The third when the fiery and pallid colour begins by little and little to wax livid and black for then must we abstain from Narcotick and use resolving and strengthening things whereby the part may be revived and strengthned by recalling the Native heat As â Farinae hordei Orobi an ⥠ij farinae sem lini ⥠i ss coquantur in Hydromelite vel oxycrato addendo puâv rosarum chamaemel an ⥠ss ol anethi chamem an ⥠i fiat cataplasma Or you may use this following fomentation Resolving and strengthening medicines â Rad. Althea ⥠ij fol. malvae bismal pariet absinthii salviae an m. i fior chamaem meliloti rosar rub an m. ij coquantur in aequis partibus vini aquae fiat fotus cum spângia After the fomentation you may apply an Emplaister of Diachylon Ireatum or Diapalma dissolved in Oyl of Chamomile and Melilote and such other like The fourth Intention which is of the correction of accidents we will perform by those means which we mentioned in curing a Phlegmon by varying the medicaments according to the judgment of him which undertakes the cure CHAP. XIV Of the Herpes that is Teaters or Ring-worms or such like What a Herpes is what be the kinds thereof Gal. 2. ad Gleuconem What the Herpes milioris is What the exedens HErpes is a tumor caused by pure choler separated from the rest of the humors that is carryed by its natural lightness and tenuity even to the outer or scarf-skin and is diffused over the surface hereof Galen makes three sorts of this tumor For if perfect choler of an indifferent substance that is not very thick cause this tumor then the simple Herpes is generated obtaining the name of the Genus but if the humor be not so thin but compounded with some small mixture of Phlegm it will raise little blisters over the skin like to the seeds of Millet whence it was that the Ancients called this Tumor the Herpes Miliaris But if it have any admixture of Melancholy it will be an Herpes exedens terrible by reason of the erosion or eating into the skin and muscles lying under it Three intentions in curing Herpes There are absolutely three intentions of curing The first is to appoint a Diet just like that we mentioned in the cure of an Erysipelas The second is to evacuate the antecedent cause by medicines purging the peccant humor for which purpose oft-times Clysters will suffice especially if the Patient be somewhat easie by Nature and if the Urin flow according to your desire for by this a great part of the humor may be carryed into the bladder The third shall be to take away the conjunct cause by local medicines ordained for the swelling and ulcer A rule for healing ulcers conjoyned with tumors Therefore the Chirurgeon shall have regard to two things that is the resolving of the tumor and the drying up of the ulcer for every ulcer requires drying which can never be attained unto unless the swelling be taken away Therefore because the chiefest care must be to take away the Tumor which if it be performed there can be no hope to heal the ulcer he shall lay this kind of medicine to dissolve and dry as â Cerusae tuthia praepar an ⥠i ol ros adipis capon an ⥠ij certicis pini usti loci ⥠ss cerae quantum satis fiat unguentum Or â Farin hord lent an ⥠ij coquantur in decocto corticis mali granati The force of Vrguentum enulatum cum Meâcurio Medicines fit for restraining earing and spreading ulcers balaust plantag addendo pulveris rosar rub absinth an ⥠ss olei Myrtillor mellis com an Ê vi fiat ungentum ut artis est But for an Herpes Miliaris these must chiefly be used â pulv gallarum malicurii balaust boli armeni an ⥠i aquae ros ⥠iij aceti acerrimi ⥠i axungiae anser olei Myrtillor an ⥠i ss terebinth ⥠i fiat unguentum ad usum I have often found most certain help in unguentum enulatum cum Mercurio for it kills the pustules and partly wastes the humor contained in them Yet if the ulcer not yet neither yields but every day diffuses it self further and further you shall touch the edges and lips thereof with some acrid medicine as Aqua fortis Oyl of Vitriole or such like for by this kind of remedy I have oft-times healed fretting Ulcers which seemed altogether incurable CHAP. XV. Of Feavers which happen upon Erysipelous Tumors AS Feavers sometimes happen upon Inflammations and Erysipelaes A vulgar description of an intermitting Tertian feaver which favour of the humor whereof they proceed that is Choler Therefore seeing it is peculiar to Choler to move every third day it is no marvail if great Inflammations bring with them Tertian Feavers or Agues which have their fit every third day for it is called an Intermitting Tertian which comes every other day The Primitive causes in general are strong exercises especially in the hot Sun The causes of Tertian feavers the use of heating and drying either meats or medicines great abstinence joyned with great labour care sorrow the antecedent causes are the plenty of choler in the body an hot and dry distemperature either of the whole body or of the liver only the conjunct cause is the putrefaction of the cholerick humor lying in some plenty without the greater vessels in the habit of the body The signs a shaking or shivering like as when we have made water in a cold Winter-morning The signs of an intermitting
Tertian a great pricking stretching or stiffness as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reason of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly and violently over all the body and the sensible membranous and nervous particles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heat becomes acrid the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quick and equal the tongue dry the Urin yellowish red and thin The Symptoms are watchings thirst The Symptomes talking idlely anger disquietness and tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholerick young men such as are lean Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit and in Summer after the fit oft-times follow cholerick vomiting and yellowish stools After the fit there follows an absolute intermission retaining no reliques of the Feaver until the approach of the following fit because all the cholerick matter by the force of that Fit and Nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity and facility whereas in Quotidians there is to such thing as which after the fit always leave in the body a sense and feeling of a certain inequality by reason of the stubbornness of the Phlegmatick humor and dulness to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 hours although at some time it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unless there be some error committed by the Physitian Patient or such as attend him Tertians in Summer are shorter in Winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanyed with stifness or stretching the state with sweat whereupon if the Nose Lips or Mouth break forth into pimples or scabs it is a sign of the end of the Feaver and of the power of Nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habit of the Body yet these pimples appear not in the declining of all Tertians but only then when the cholerick humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the Stomach or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion thereof carryed by the continuation of the inner coat to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes Pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the six things not natural The diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a tertian may use wine The time of feeding the Patient that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrel Gourds Cowcumbers Mallows Barly Creams Wine mâch alla d with Water thin small and that sparingly and not before signs of concoction shall appear in the Urin for at the beginning he may not use Wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the Patient on that day the fit is expected he must eat nothing for three hours before the fit lest the Aguish heat lighting on such meats as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heat to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbifick humor yet we may temper the severity of this Law by having regard to the strength of the Patient for it will be convenient to feed a weak Patient not only before the fit but also in the fit it self but that only sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient When to purge the Patient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrin Myrobalanes Syrups of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinegar But if the powers of the Patient languish he must not only not be purged but also must not draw bloud too plenteously because Cholerick men soon faint by reason of the facile and easie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to Tertian Feavers do not commonly abound with bloud unless it be with Cholerick bloud which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as work by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats Vomit or Urin by reason of the subtlety of the Cholerick humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient Clysters made with a decoction of Prunes Jujubes Violets Bran and Barley will profit much If the Patient fall into a Delirium or talk idlely by reason of the heat and dryness of the head with a particular excess of the cholerick humor the Head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and Forehead and putting into the Nose Oyl of Violets Roses or Womans Milk Let the feet and legs be bathed in fair and warm water and the soles of the feet be anointed with Oyl of Violets and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willows Lettuce and other refrigerating things boiled in fair water may be profitably used three hours after meat eaten sparingly When the time is fit to use a Bath But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in general that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmness of the Bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordains a Bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and gross no evacuation going before What kinds of evacuations are most fit in a Tertian Also it will be good after general purgations to cause sweat by drinking white Wine thin and well tempered with water but Urin by a decocton of Smallage and Dill Certainly sweat is very laudable in every putrid Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweat may be laudable it is fit it be upon a critical day and be fore-shewed by signs of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly Sudorificks by things taken inwardly
vitae It may be anointed twice or thâiâe in a day long after meat Moreover the roots and leaves of Dane-wort boiled in water beaten and applyed asswage pain the oil thereof chimicaly extracted performs the same When to use narcoticks But if the contumacious pain cannot be mitigated by the described remedies and becoming intollerably hot and rageing make the patient almost to swonn then must we flie to Narcoticks For although the temper of the part may be weakned by these the native heat diminished or rather extinguished yet this is a far less inconvenience then to let the whole body be wasted by pain These things have a powerful refrigerateing and drying faculty takeing away the sense of the pain and furthermore incrassate thin acrid and biteing humors such as cholerick humors are Wherefore if the matter which causeth the pain be thick we must abstain from Narcoticks A cataplasm with opium or certainly use them with great caution â micae panis secalins parum cocti in lacte ⥠ii vitellos ovorum nu ii opii Êi succorum sâlani hyoscyami mandragorae portulacae sempervivi an Êi let them be mixed together and applied and often changed Or else â fol. hyoscyami cicutae aânes an m. i. bulliant in exycrato contundantur cumque vitellis ovorum crudorum nu ii olei rosat ⥠ii farin hordei quod satis fit incorporentur fiat cataplasma with the use thereof I am accustomed to asswage great pains Or else â opiiÊiii camphor Ê ss olei nenuph. ⥠i. lactis ⥠ii unguent ros Galeni ⥠iv incorporentur simul in mortario applicentur Moreover cold water applyed and dropped upon the part drop by drop is narcotick and stupefactive as Hippocrates affirmeth Aphor. 29. Sect. 5. for a moderate numness mitigateth pain There is also another reason why it may be profitably used in all pains of the Gout for that by repelling the humors it hindereth their defluxion into the part Mandrag-apples boiled in milk and beaten do the same thing also the leaves of henbane hemlock lettuce purslain being so boiled do the same If any desire to use these more cold he must apply them crude and not boiled But the excess of pain being mitigated we must desist from the use of such narcoticks and they must rather be strengthened with hot and digerating things otherwise there will be danger lest it be too much weakned the temper thereof being destroied and so afterwards it may be subject to every kinde of defluxion How to amend the harm done by Narcoticks Discussers Wherefore it shall be strengthened with the formerly discussing fomentations and these ensuing remedies As â gum ammoniaci bdelii an ⥠i. dissolvantur in aceto passentur per setacium addendo styracis liquid farin foenugr an ⥠ss pulv ireos ⥠iiii olei chamem ⥠ii pulveris pyrethriÊ ii cum cera fiat emplastrum molle Or else â rad emulae ebuli altheae an lb. ss sem lini foenugr an Êii ficuum ping nu xx coquantur completè trajiciantur per setaceum addendo pul euphorb Êii olei chamem aneth rutacei A mean to be used in discussing an ⥠iii. medullae cervi ⥠iv fiat cà taplasma Yet you must use moderation in discussing least the subtler part of the impact humor being discussed the grosser part may turn into a stonie consistence which also is to be feared in using repercussives I also omitted that according to the opinion of the Antients bathes of fresh-water Barhs asswage the pain of the Gout wherein cooling herbs have been boiled used three hours after meat conduce much to the asswageing of pain for so used they are more convenient in cholerick natures and spare bodies for that they humect the more and quickly digest the thin and cholerick and consequently acrid vapors the pores being opened and the humors dissipated by the gentle warmness of the bath After the bath the body must be anointed with hydrelium or oil and water tempered together least the native heat exhale and the body become more weak Meats of more gross juice are more convenient How meats of gross juice are profitable as beef sheeps-feet and the like if so be that the patient can digest them for these inspissate the cholerick blood and make it more unfit for defluxion CHAP. XVIII What remedies must be used in pains of the joints proceeding of a distemper only without matter PAins also happen in the joints by distemper without any matter which though rare An history yet because I happened once to feel them I have thought good to shew what remedies I used against them I once earnestly busied in study and therefore not sensible of such external injuries as might befall me a little winde coming secretly in by the ârannies of my study fell upon my left Hip at length wearied with study assoon as I rose up to go my way I could not stand upon my feet I felt such bitter pain without any swelling or humor which might be discerned Hip. ap 10. sect Divers remedies for pain ariseing from a cold distemper without matter Therefore I was forced to go to bed and calling to minde that cold which was absolutely hurtful to the nerves had bred me that pain I attempted to drive it away by the frequent application of very hot clothes which though they scorched and blistered the sound parts adjoining thereto yet did they scarce make any impression upon the part where the pain was setled the distemper was so great and so firmly fixed therein And I laied thereto bags filled with fried oats and millet and dipped in hot red wine as also ox bladders half filled with a decoction of hot herbs And lastly a wooden dish almost filled with hot ashes covered over with sage rosmarie and rue lightly bruised and so covered with a cloth which sprinkled over with aqua vitae sent forth a vapor which asswaged the pain Also brown bread newly drawn out of the oven and sprinkled over with rose-water and applied did very much good And that I might more fully expel this hurtful cold I put stone-bottles filled with hot water to the soals of my feet that the brain might be heated by the straightness and continuity of the nerves At length by the help of these remedies I was very well freed from this contumacious distemper when it had held me for the space of four and twenty hours There is another kinde of Gouty pain sometimes caused by a certain excrementitious matter A fuliginous vapour sometimes the cause of the Gout but so thin and subtle that it cannot be discerned by the eies It is a certain fuliginous or sooty vapor like to that which passeth from burning candles or lamps which adheres and concretes to any thing that is opposed thereto which being infected by the mixture of a virulent serous humor whithersoever it runneth causeth extreme pain
in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carried to the heart which caused the syncope and the fever and the fever an universal heat through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Oeconomy Likewise that the said vapors were communicated to the brain which caused the Epilepsie and trembling and to the stomach disdain and loathing and hindered it from doing its functions which are chiefly to concoct and digest the meat and to convert it into Chylus which not being concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and grows lean and because also it did not do any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heat and spirits are not sent or drawn thither from whence follows mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warm linnen cloths above below and on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapors retained between the skin and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore said in the tenth book treating of the wounds of Gun-shot and we must then cease when we see heat and redness in the skin for fear of resolving that we have already drawn by consequent make it become more lean As for the ulcer which he hath upon his rump which came through his two long lying upon it without being removed which was the cause that the spirits could not flourish or shine in it by the means of which there should be inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with loss of substance of the subject flesh with a very great pain because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That we must likewise put him in another soft bed and give him a clean shirt and sheets otherwise all that we could do would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawn in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seen in some that lye in a bed where one hath swet for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapors which shall remain soaking in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleep and was as it were in a consumption t was because he ate little and did not do any exercise and because he was grieved with extreme pain For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as pain The cause why his tongue was drye and fowl was through the vehemency of the heat of the fever by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverb When the oven is well heat the throat feels it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I said they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the pain making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for fear lest by a sudden great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to look to the great swelling and cold of his leg fearing lest it should fall into a Gangrene and that actual heat must be applied unto him because the potential could not reduce the intemperature de potentia ad actum for this cause hot briks must be applied round about on which should be cast a decoction of nerval herbs boyled in wine and vineger then wrapt up in some napkin and to the feet an earthen bottle filled with the said decoction stopt and wrapt up with some linnen cloths also that fomentations must be made upon the thigh and the whole Leg of a decoction made of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander flowers of Cammomile Melilot and red-Roses boiled in white-wine and a Lixivium made with Oke-ashes with a little Vineger and half an handful of salt This decoction hath vertue to attenuate incise resolve and drye the gross viscous humor The said fomentations must be used a long while to the end there may be a great resolution for being so done a long time together more is resolved then attracted because the humor contained in the part is liquified the skin and the flesh of the muscles is rarified Thirdly that there must be applied upon the rump a great emplaster made of the red desiccative and unguentum Comitissae of each equal parts incorporated together to the end to appease his pain and drye up the ulcer also to make bim a little down-pillow which might bear his rump aloft without leaning upon it Fourthly to refresh the heat of his kidnies one should apply the unguent called Refrigerans Galeni freshly made and upon the leaves of water-Lillies Then a napkin dipt in Oxucrate wrung and often renewed and for the corroboration and strengthening of his heart a refreshing medicine should be applied made with oyl of nenuphar and unguent of Roses and a little saffron distilled in Rose-vineger and Triacle spread upon a piece of Scarlet for the Syncope which proceeded from the debilitation of the natural strength troubling the brain Also he must use good nourishment full of juice as rere eggs Damask-prunes stewed in wine and sugar also Panado made of the broth of the great pot of which I have already spoken with the white fleshly parts of Capons and Patridg-wings minced small and other rost-meat easie of digestion as Veal Goat Pigeon Partridg and the like The sauce should be Orenges Verjuice Sorrel sharp Pomgranats and that he should likewise eat of them boiled with good herbs as Sorrâl Lettuce Purslain Succory Bugloss Marigolds and other the like At night he might use cleansed Barly with the juice of Nenuphar and Sorrel of each two ounces with five or six grains of Opium and of the four cold seeds bruised of eath half an ounce which is a remedy nourishing and medicinal which will provoke him to sleep that his bread should be of Messin neither too new nor too stale and for the great pain of his head his hair must be cut and rub his head with Oxyrrhâdinum luke-warm and leave a double-cloth wet therein upon it likewise should be made for him a frontal of oyl of Roses Nenuphar Poppies and a little opium and Rose-vineger and a little Champhire and to renew it sometimes Moreover one should cause him to smell to the flowers of Henbane and Nenuphar bruised with vineger rose-Rose-water and a little Camphir wrapped in a handkercher which shall be often and a long time
held to his nose to the end that the smell may be communicated to the brain and these things to be continued till that the great inflammation and pain be past for fear of cooling the brain too much Besides one may cause it to rain artificially in powring down from some high place into a kettle and that it may make such a noise that the patient may hear it by these means sleep shall be provoked on him And as for the retraction of his leg that there was hope to dress it when evacuation was made of the matter and other humors contained in the thigh which by their extention made by repletion have drawn back the leg which might be remedied in rubbing the whole joint of the knee with unguentum Dialthaeae and oyl of Lilies and a little aqua vitae and upon it to be laid black-wool with the grease thereof Likewise putting in the ham a feather-pillow folded in double and by little and little to make his leg to stretch out All which my discourse was well approved of by the Physicians and Surgeons The consultation ended we went to the sick patient and I made him three apertions in his thigh from whence issued our great quantity of matter and Sanies and at the same time I dâew out some scales of bones nor would I let out two much abundance of the said matter for fear of too much decaying his strength Then two or three hours I caused a bed to be made neer his own where there were clean white sheets then a strong man lifted him into it and he rejoyced much in that he was taken out of his foul stinking bed Soon after he demanded to sleep which he did almost four hours where all the people of the house began to rejoyce chiefly Monsieur the Duke of Ascot his brother The dayes following I made injections into the bottom of the cavities of the ulcer made with Aegyptiacum dissolved sometimes in aqua vitae and sometimes in wine I applyed to mundifie and drie tne spongy and loose flesh bolsters at the bottom of the sinuosities hollow tents of lead that the Sanies might have passage out and upon it a great Emplaster of Diacalcitheos dissolved in wine likewise I did rowl it with such dexterity that he had no pain which being appeased the fever began much to diminish Then I made him drink wine moderately allayed with water knowing that it restores and quickens the spirits and all the things which were rested on in the consultation were accomplisht according to time and order and his pains and fever ceased he began to grow better and discharged two of his Surgeons and one of his Physicians so that we were but three with him Now I remained there about two months which was not without seeing divers sick people as well rich as poor which came to me about three or four leagues about They gave meat and drink to the needy all which he recommended to me and prayed me alâo for his sake to help them I protest I did not refuse any one and did to them what I possibly could wherefore he was joyful Then when I saw he began to mend I told him he must have a consort of Violins and a Jester to make him merry which he did in one month we so wrought that he could hold himself up in a chair and made himself to be carried and walk in his garden and at the gate of his Castle to see the people pass by The Country people of two or three leagues about knowing they could see him came the feast day male and female to sing and dance pell mel in joy of his amendment all being very glad to see him which was not done without good laughing and drinking He causd still a barrel of beer to be given them and they drank all merrily to his good health And the Citizens of Mont Hainaut and other Gentlemen neighbors came to see him in admiration as a man comming from the tomb And as soon as he began to mend he was not without company and as one went out another came in to visit him his table was alwaies well covered He was greatly loved of the Nobility and of the Common people as well for his liberality as for his beauty and honesty having a pleasant look and a gracious speech insomuch that those that beheld his face were constrained to love him The chief of the City of Monts came on Saturday to beseech him to permit me to go to Monts where they had a great desire to feast and make mee good cheer for his sake He told them he would pray me to go there which he did But I made them answer that they should not do me so much honour as also that they could not give me better cheer then I had with him And he prayed me again affectionately to go thither and that I should do that for his sake to which I agreed The day after they fetcht me with two Coaches and being arrived at Monts we found the dinner ready and the chief of the City with their wives stayed for me with a good will We went to the Table and they placed me at the upper end and drank all to me and to the health of Monsieur D'Auret saying that he way very happy and they likewise to have obtained me to take him in hand for that they knew that in this company he was greatly honoured and loved After dinner they led me back to the Castle of Auret where Monsieur the Marquess stayed for me with great expectation to recount unto him what we had done in our banquet I told him that all the company had drank divers times to his health in six weeks he began to uphold himself a little with cruches and grow very fat and to get a lively natural colour Now he had a desire to go to Beaument which is the dwelling place of Monsieur the Duke of A cot and made himself be carried in a great chair with eight men by turns and the Country folks where we passed along knowing t was Monsieur the Marquess fought and strove together who should carry him and constrained us to drink but it was but Beer but I believe had it been Wine or Hippocras they would have given it us with a verry good will so much did they shew themselves joyful to see the said Marquess and prayed all to God for him Being arrived at Beaumont all the people came before us to do him reverence and prayed God to bless him and keep him in good health We entred into the Castle where there was more then fifty Gentlemen which the Duke of Ascot had sent for to come make good cheer with his brother who kept his table furnished three dayes together And after dinner the Gentlemen ran at the Ring played at Foils and reâoyced to see Monsieur Auret because they heard he would never come out of his bed again or be cured of his hurt I was alwaies at