vicine_fw-la place_n be_v to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v come_v unto_o those_o northern_a region_n see_v that_o therefore_o this_o flux_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v the_o water_n come_v by_o a_o manifest_a way_n unto_o those_o region_n whence_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v therefore_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o those_o northern_a region_n and_o so_o there_o to_o be_v effuse_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o channel_n as_o from_o a_o spring_n and_o that_o the_o water_n move_v hence_o towards_o the_o south_n there_o fall_v in_o another_o cause_n take_v from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o proposition_n therefore_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v more_o press_n through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o water_n less_o resist_v suffer_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v from_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o channel_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o only_o from_o the_o north_n as_o the_o objection_n seem_v to_o infer_v and_o as_o some_o especial_o the_o ancient_n conceive_v of_o it_o who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v in_o four_o channel_n from_o the_o very_a pole_n as_o also_o some_o geographical_a map_n do_v exhibit_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o continual_a but_o be_v observe_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o northern_a wind_n moreover_o the_o great_a and_o perpetual_a abundance_n of_o snow_n and_o rain_n in_o those_o place_n augment_v the_o water_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o flow_v towards_o the_o south_n add_v likewise_o that_o in_o other_o part_n another_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v concern_v which_o see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 3._o it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a but_o rather_o most_o true_a that_o all_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n take_v together_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o very_a fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o see_v that_o in_o perpetual_a progress_n of_o time_n so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o they_o into_o the_o ocean_n questionless_a the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n partly_o through_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n and_o partly_o by_o ra_n 4._o it_o may_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v in_o the_o very_a channel_n because_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o some_o part_n sweet_a or_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o by_o some_o fountain_n flow_v in_o the_o bottom_n linschaten_a relate_v that_o in_o ormus_n fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v by_o divers_a in_o the_o ocean_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o four_o or_o five_o orgya_n and_o the_o like_a fountain_n be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o bays_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o few_o such_o spring_n have_v yet_o be_v find_v which_o suffice_v not_o the_o vast_a ocean_n neither_o do_v we_o dispute_v concern_v these_o fountain_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o be_v true_a and_o we_o may_v well_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v spring_n but_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o speak_v concern_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n and_o in_o which_o we_o will_v have_v our_o proposition_n to_o be_v take_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v concern_v that_o question_n viz._n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o perpetual_o so_o remain_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n who_o part_n be_v perpetual_o consume_v and_o generate_v again_o proposition_n viii_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o but_o whence_o they_o may_v exist_v or_o be_v so_o augment_v be_v the_o doubt_n sea-water_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n experlence_n prove_v the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n by_o which_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n by_o decoction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o place_n the_o water_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o france_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n perform_v the_o same_o the_o ocean_n be_v let_v into_o certain_a trench_n make_v in_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o month_n the_o water_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v of_o salt_n and_o of_o what_o make_v concrete_v and_o hard_a salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o many_o region_n as_o of_o england_n and_o other_o part_n plenty_n of_o bay-salt_n be_v find_v the_o sea-water_n continual_o overflow_a those_o shore_n leave_v daily_o some_o particle_n or_o humour_n from_o which_o the_o water_n exhale_v and_o concrete_a salt_n be_v leave_v who_o blackness_n be_v take_v away_o by_o boil_v although_o it_o be_v wash_v away_o and_o dissolve_v from_o many_o coast_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o be_v not_o find_v on_o all_o coast_n see_v therefore_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v common_a aristotle_n have_v small_a reason_n to_o allege_v a_o false_a experiment_n concern_v a_o waxen_a vessel_n let_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o proximate_a cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n or_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o saltness_n be_v the_o saline_n particle_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n therefore_o the_o aristotelian_o with_o their_o master_n speak_v improper_o and_o obscured_o without_o cause_n when_o they_o defend_v and_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v from_o the_o adustion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o the_o adust_a particle_n but_o of_o this_o more_o anon_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n and_o controversy_n be_v concern_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n whence_o these_o salt_n particle_n of_o the_o ocean_n exist_v aristotle_n suppose_v that_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o fume_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o adust_a and_o saline_n nature_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v mix_v with_o humid_a vapour_n and_o when_o that_o these_o have_v meet_v together_o in_o rain_n they_o fall_v with_o these_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o saltness_n and_o salt_n particle_n in_o the_o sea_n 7._o see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 7._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o seem_v to_o defend_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o from_o thence_o he_o may_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o salt_n but_o other_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v it_o and_o so_o do_v endeavour_v to_o draw_v aristotle_n to_o their_o part_n that_o this_o saltness_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v perpetual_o scorch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n a_o sign_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n be_v find_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o deep_a or_o remote_a from_o the_o superficies_n for_o in_o the_o superficies_n we_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v most_o salt_n both_o these_o opinion_n be_v obstruct_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o absurdity_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v wonderful_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o philosopher_n and_o learned_a man_n can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o first_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o obstruct_a that_o salt-rain_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o never_o yet_o be_v find_v to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o taste_n of_o salt_n second_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v less_o salt_n when_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o yet_o be_v find_v the_o other_o opinion_n have_v these_o difficulty_n 1._o it_o be_v false_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o bottom_n for_o there_o be_v few_o place_n viz._n in_o those_o bottom_n where_o spring_n of_o fresh_a water_n do_v flow_v 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o fresh_a water_n although_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n yet_o do_v not_o become_v salt_n this_o objection_n scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v by_o a_o overnice_a subtlety_n for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o happen_v in_o these_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o
the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o refute_v for_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o those_o salt_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v perpetual_o suffice_v and_o shall_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o continual_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o consume_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o much_o instauration_n and_o if_o that_o any_o be_v consume_v yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o another_o place_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ix_o whether_o that_o water_n be_v the_o fresh_a in_o the_o ocean_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o bottom_n and_o why_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n sea_n of_o the_o freshness_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n unto_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n do_v not_o testify_v concern_v that_o sweetness_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o which_o the_o other_o question_n speak_v that_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n i_o have_v sufficient_o say_v for_o it_o can_v natural_o be_v that_o the_o more_o salt-water_n shall_v exist_v above_o water_n less_o salt_n see_v that_o that_o be_v more_o heavy_a those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v to_o spring_v at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a from_o the_o writer_n of_o geography_n proposition_n x._o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n become_v less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o torrid_a zone_n although_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n yet_o the_o proposition_n admit_v of_o some_o exception_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o inequality_n in_o saltness_n be_v sixfold_a place_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o different_a place_n 1._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n lift_v up_o more_o vapour_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n which_o be_v the_o vapour_n of_o freshwater_n because_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o gravity_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o lift_v up_o see_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o much_o the_o vapour_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v lest_o be_v find_v more_o salt_n there_o than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o freshwater_n separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weak_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_n the_o second_o cause_n 2._o the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o heat_n or_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o numerical_a water_n or_o salt_n meat_n as_o also_o pickle_a meat_n sauce_n and_o the_o like_a afford_v a_o more_o sensible_a saltness_n to_o the_o taste_n when_o they_o be_v eat_v hot_a than_o when_o cold_a for_o the_o heat_n or_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v move_v and_o render_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o such_o meat_n more_o acute_a and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o admixture_n whence_o they_o bite_v and_o prick_v the_o tongue_n more_o sharp_o now_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o more_o hot_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o every_o day_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o water_n though_o they_o shall_v contain_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o they_o must_v seem_v and_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o salt_a to_o the_o taste_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o have_v less_o sensible_a salt_n cause_n the_o 3d_o cause_n 3._o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v not_o pit_n of_o salt_n in_o they_o all_o neither_o where_o they_o be_v find_v be_v there_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n must_v be_v hold_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o sea_n wash_v or_o cover_v that_o be_v the_o channel_n or_o the_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v therefore_o most_o quantity_n of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o the_o water_n be_v more_o salt_n because_o that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n consist_v all_o of_o salt_n therefore_o the_o adjacent_a ocean_n have_v very_a salt_n water_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o more_o saline_a mine_n than_o in_o the_o north_n be_v very_o doubtful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o observation_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a unto_o some_o that_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o
salt_n but_o this_o be_v a_o deceitful_a sign_n cause_n the_o four_o cause_n 4._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a saltness_n be_v the_o frequency_n or_o scarcity_n of_o rains_n unto_o which_o we_o may_v add_v snow_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n snow_n and_o rain_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v less_o frequent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o othersome_a they_o be_v almost_o continual_a and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n on_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v less_o salt_n in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o dry_a month_n yea_o in_o many_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n the_o ocean_n be_v fresh_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o same_o ocean_n be_v of_o a_o various_a saltness_n yet_o because_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v continual_a throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n therefore_o this_o sea_n be_v less_o salt_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n cause_n the_o 5_o cause_n 5._o the_o five_o cause_n be_v the_o dissimilary_a solution_n or_o unequal_a faculty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o dissolve_v this_o salt_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o its_o self_n for_o hot_a water_n soon_o unit_v salt_n unto_o itself_o then_o cold_a water_n although_o therefore_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o shore_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o same_o contain_v more_o or_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v yet_o because_o the_o water_n be_v there_o more_o cold_a it_o be_v not_o so_o able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o unite_v the_o salt_n to_o itself_o so_o subtle_o we_o the_o water_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v more_o hot_a cause_n the_o 6_o cause_n 6._o the_o six_o cause_n be_v the_o exoneration_n of_o many_o and_o great_a river_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o cause_n only_o take_v place_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n but_o be_v not_o discover_v in_o the_o remote_a part_n so_o mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasilia_n where_o the_o silver-river_n disburthen_v itself_o lose_v it_o saltness_n and_o afford_v fresh_a water_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o african_a ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o congi_n where_o the_o river_n zaire_n exonerate_v itself_o and_o of_o many_o more_o river_n unto_o these_o add_v run_v fountain_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n these_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o saltness_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o the_o saltness_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v explain_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a ocean_n be_v less_o apt_a to_o separate_v salt_n from_o itself_o by_o coction_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n the_o canary_n isle_n and_o that_o of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi whence_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v salt_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o transport_v it_o into_o the_o northern_a region_n viz._n this_o ocean_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o other_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o channel_n themselves_o to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o saline_a the_o sea-water_n at_o guinee_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a ocean_n afford_v salt_n at_o one_o coction_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n such_o as_o neither_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n nor_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n do_v produce_v at_o one_o coction_n or_o boil_a proposition_n xi_o why_o rain-water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v sweet_a but_o the_o water_n which_o we_o separate_v from_o the_o marine_a or_o salt-water_n either_o by_o decoction_n or_o distillation_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o find_v salt_n when_o yet_o the_o rain-water_n proceed_v from_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o sea_n salt-water_n freshwater_n abstract_v from_o salt-water_n the_o learned_a chemist_n or_o true_a naturalist_n have_v hitherto_o labour_v in_o vain_a that_o they_o may_v find_v out_o a_o art_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distil_v and_o abstract_n fresh_a water_n from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o as_o yet_o their_o labour_n have_v prove_v fruitless_a for_o although_o as_o well_o in_o the_o decoction_n as_o distillation_n salt_n may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n separate_v by_o decoction_n as_o well_o as_o distillation_n be_v yet_o find_v salt_n and_o not_o fit_a for_o man_n to_o drink_v which_o seem_v wonderful_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n yet_o chemistry_n that_o be_v true_a philosophy_n have_v teach_v the_o reason_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salt_n in_o body_n or_o two_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o although_o they_o agree_v in_o taste_n yet_o they_o much_o differ_v in_o other_o quality_n one_o of_o these_o artist_n term_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n the_o fix_a salt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n be_v not_o elevate_v in_o distillation_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o subtle_a spirit_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o a_o very_a light_a fire_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o distillation_n ascend_v with_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v more_o firm_o unite_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o atom_n neither_o be_v this_o volatile_a salt_n find_v only_o with_o fix_a salt_n in_o sea-water_n but_o almost_o in_o all_o body_n as_o chemistry_n prove_v by_o experience_n but_o in_o some_o in_o a_o great_a and_o in_o othersome_a in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n in_o sharp_a taste_v herb_n in_o a_o lesser_a in_o oily_a herb_n therefore_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o salt_n spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n from_o the_o water_n but_o why_o the_o pluvial_a water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o less_o fresh_a than_o on_o the_o land_n see_v that_o yet_o it_o be_v generate_v by_o abstraction_n of_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o ocean_n cause_v by_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o evaporation_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o distillation_n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v fourfold_o 1._o a_o slow_a operation_n by_o which_o the_o tenuous_a part_n be_v only_o elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n which_o although_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a volatile_a spirit_n yet_o it_o have_v it_o in_o less_o quantity_n than_o if_o that_o this_o exhalation_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o more_o forcible_a heat_n 2._o the_o long_a way_n that_o this_o vapour_n pass_v through_o before_o that_o it_o arrive_v unto_o that_o region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v condensated_a into_o rain_n in_o passage_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v by_o degree_n separate_v from_o the_o watery_a particle_n 3._o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o watery_a particle_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n 4._o a_o refrigeration_n coition_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o vapour_n for_o these_o exhalation_n exhale_v from_o the_o ocean_n by_o degree_n be_v more_o and_o more_o refrigerated_a and_o be_v conjoin_v with_o other_o obvious_a and_o admix_v vapour_n they_o condense_a into_o a_o more_o thick_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n in_o this_o refrigeration_n and_o condensation_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o saline_a spirit_n with_o the_o fiery_a particle_n they_o fly_v into_o the_o more_o exalt_a part_n of_o the_o air._n now_o why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o perform_v in_o distillation_n where_o the_o vapour_n exalt_v be_v also_o condense_v the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a passage_n the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v as_o yet_o over_o strait_o conjoin_v to_o the_o watery_a particle_n 2._o that_o the_o vapour_n restrain_v in_o the_o vessel_n admit_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o evolant_fw-la spirit_n proposition_n xii_o sea-water_n be_v more_o ponderous_a than_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o water_n of_o one_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o another_o water_n sea_n water_n more_o heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n the_o cause_n be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v
these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o trigonometrical_a proposition_n 2._o astronomical_a precept_n and_o theorem_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v like_o a_o miracle_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o dwell_v to_o use_v the_o celestial_a body_n which_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o mile_n remote_a from_o we_o 3._o experience_n for_o indeed_o the_o great_a part_n of_o geography_n especial_o that_o which_o be_v particular_a be_v uphold_v by_o the_o only_a experience_n and_o observation_n of_o man_n who_o have_v describe_v every_o country_n the_o order_n of_o geography_n concern_v the_o order_n which_o i_o esteem_v sit_v to_o observe_v in_o this_o art_n of_o geography_n it_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v in_o the_o division_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o yet_o here_o meet_v we_o a_o certain_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o these_o property_n forsooth_o whether_o to_o all_o country_n their_o own_o property_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v or_o whether_o the_o country_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o property_n general_o explicate_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o live_v creature_n as_o also_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o part_n of_o live_a creature_n move_v the_o like_a doubt_n and_o dispute_v it_o at_o large_a whether_o according_a to_o the_o single_a â—orts_n of_o live_a creature_n their_o property_n be_v single_o to_o be_v reckon_v up_o or_o else_o whether_o these_o property_n be_v general_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o the_o may_v be_v find_v be_v then_o to_o be_v subjoin_v the_o like_a difficulty_n occur_v also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n we_o in_o general_n geography_n have_v general_o unfold_v some_o property_n which_o in_o special_a geography_n we_o will_v apply_v to_o the_o application_n of_o single_a country_n the_o method_n of_o geography_n as_o touch_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o geographical_a tenant_n very_o many_o be_v prove_v in_o general_a geography_n by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v especial_o celestial_a property_n but_o in_o special_a geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n only_o except_v which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n declare_v without_o demonstration_n because_o experience_n and_o observation_n do_v confirm_v they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n also_o very_a many_o proposition_n be_v prove_v or_o rather_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o also_o by_o geographical_a map_n and_o some_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v upon_o the_o globe_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o lawful_a demonstration_n again_o some_o proposition_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v so_o prove_v but_o be_v therefore_o receive_v because_o we_o suppose_v that_o all_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v so_o dispose_v even_o as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n yet_o in_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v rather_o follow_v the_o description_n make_v by_o author_n of_o geography_n the_o globe_n and_o map_n serve_v for_o the_o clear_n and_o more_o easy_a comprehension_n thereof_o the_o original_a of_o geography_n the_o original_a of_o geography_n be_v not_o new_a nor_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n at_o one_o birth_n neither_o come_v she_o to_o we_o from_o one_o man_n but_o her_o principle_n and_o foundation_n be_v lay_v long_o ago_o yea_o many_o age_n since_o although_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v employ_v only_o in_o describe_v country_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o chorography_n and_o topography_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v when_o any_o country_n by_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o show_v in_o their_o triumph_n the_o chorography_n thereof_o lively_o pencil_v and_o draw_v on_o a_o table_n and_o flourish_v with_o picture_n to_o the_o beholder_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o rome_n in_o lucullus_n his_o porch_n many_o table_n of_o geography_n expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n the_o senate_n of_o rome_n about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n send_v surveyor_n and_o geographer_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o the_o earth_n but_o they_o come_v far_o short_a thereof_o neco_n king_n of_o the_o egyptian_n many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n command_v that_o the_o whole_a outer-side_n of_o africa_n shall_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o three_o year_n space_n king_n darius_n command_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a eastern-sea_n shall_v be_v search_v out_o alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o voyage_n to_o asia_n take_v with_o he_o diognetus_n and_o beton_n as_o pliny_n note_v two_o surveyor_n and_o describer_n of_o his_o journey_n out_o of_o who_o annotation_n and_o journal_o geographer_n of_o succeed_a age_n take_v many_o thing_n imperfect_a ancient_a geography_n very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n water_n contain_v a_o fix_a salt_n which_o be_v a_o far_o more_o weighty_a body_n than_o fresh_a water_n and_o we_o have_v show_v that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o water_n be_v more_o heavy_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n which_o do_v not_o augment_v the_o gravity_n but_o lessen_v it_o and_o yet_o render_v the_o water_n very_a salt_n proposition_n xiii_o salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a or_o a_o great_a dègree_n of_o cold_a be_v require_v to_o the_o congelation_n of_o sea_n water_n than_o of_o fresh_a fresh_a salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o soon_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a experience_v sufficient_o show_v this_o against_o the_o aristotelian_o who_o defend_v that_o water_n be_v so_o much_o the_o lesser_a obnoxious_a to_o congelation_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o pure_a and_o therefore_o shall_v more_o easy_o congeal_v as_o recede_v more_o from_o the_o elementary_a water_n which_o be_v false_a now_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o in_o the_o salt_n itself_o their_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o resist_v congelation_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o salt_n admit_v of_o no_o congelation_n from_o the_o hard_a frost_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n know_v for_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v a_o medicament_n sufficient_o know_v and_o of_o frequent_a use_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o big_a see_v that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o river_n as_o shall_v be_v explicate_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 2._o because_o that_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o many_o be_v resolve_v into_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o part_n on_o the_o land_n proposition_n xv._o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n differ_v in_o colour_n colour_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n in_o all_o place_n not_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n experience_n testify_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o sea_n seem_v of_o a_o more_o black_a colour_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o a_o duskish_a colour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o a_o blue_a about_o certain_a shore_n of_o new_a guinee_n the_o ocean_n be_v find_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o a_o yellow_a in_o streights_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o incline_v to_o white_a at_o the_o shore_n of_o congi_n not_o far_o from_o bay_a a_o d'alvaro_n gonzales_n a_o rivulet_n or_o a_o arm_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n of_o somewhat_o a_o redish_n colour_n take_v from_o a_o mine_n of_o red_a earth_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v but_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n call_v therefore_o the_o red_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o colour_n some_o will_v have_v the_o denomination_n take_v from_o king_n erythreus_n other_o from_o the_o splendour_n which_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n repercuss_v do_v effect_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v confirm_v from_o experience_n be_v that_o the_o redness_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v frequent_o admix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o red_a sea_n only_o red_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o red_a sâ—â—â—â—_n in_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o admixture_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o ponderousness_n of_o sand_n be_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n or_o its_o swiftness_n and_o agitation_n in_o this_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n be_v agitate_a and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o hinder_v by_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v rest_v mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n sometime_o appear_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n but_o if_o take_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v down_o and_o then_o the_o water_n appear_v otherwise_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o storm_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n rush_v into_o arabia_n or_o africa_n carry_v with_o they_o so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o cast_v it_o on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o cover_v whole_a troop_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n whence_o proceed_v the_o true_a mummy_n whether_o from_o the_o same_o or_o another_o cause_n the_o sea_n between_o california_n and_o america_n be_v term_v red_a vermejo_n i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o writer_n proposition_n xvi_o certain_a peculiar_a thing_n be_v find_v in_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n place_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o ocean_n peculiar_a to_o certain_a place_n the_o sea_n term_v diego_n sargasso_n by_o the_o portugal_n which_o begin_v not_o far_o from_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o salt_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o 20_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n unto_o the_o 34th_o of_o south_n latitude_n the_o colour_n of_o this_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v green_a which_o be_v not_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o but_o of_o a_o certain_a small_a leave_a herb_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o call_v by_o the_o portugal_n sargasso_n the_o leaf_n of_o this_o weed_n mutual_o complicate_v one_o into_o another_o swim_v on_o the_o face_n of_o this_o ocean_n in_o so_o continue_v a_o tract_n that_o the_o water_n can_v hardly_o be_v see_v so_o that_o the_o seaman_n afar_o off_o discover_v this_o ocean_n take_v it_o for_o a_o island_n and_o green_a land_n neither_o can_v they_o pass_v through_o this_o knot_n of_o weed_n except_o that_o they_o be_v help_v by_o a_o moderate_a wind_n at_o least_o the_o herb_n bear_v a_o small_a berry_n whence_o it_o arise_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v see_v that_o this_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o near_o any_o land_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v its_o original_n from_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o profundity_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v such_o that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o any_o line_n or_o cord_n in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v many_o float_a redlike_a shrub_n of_o a_o great_a thickness_n discover_v unto_o which_o the_o herb_n sargasso_n be_v implicate_v seaman_n take_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a that_o if_o they_o see_v they_o thereabouts_o that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n or_o else_o have_v just_a past_o it_o madagascar_n coral_n find_v on_o the_o shoar_n of_o madagascar_n on_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o red_a and_o white_a coral_n which_o augment_v like_o shrub_n under_o the_o water_n and_o although_o that_o they_o be_v soft_a in_o some_o place_n yet_o between_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n there_o be_v report_v to_o be_v rock_n of_o hard_a coral_n in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n nigh_o to_o the_o shoar_n of_o borussia_n the_o shoar_n cast_v forth_o most_o excellent_a succinum_fw-la which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v when_o certain_a wind_n do_v blow_n to_o draw_v up_o with_o certain_a iron_n hook_n zone_n amber_n only_o in_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o amber_n only_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n viz._n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o brazile_n where_o a_o piece_n of_o 500_o l._n weight_n be_v take_v up_o by_o a_o dutch_a soldier_n and_o present_v unto_o count_n nassaw_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n at_o cape_n verd_fw-mi at_o the_o isle_n of_o maurice_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n and_o other_o indian_a isle_n garcias_n relate_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o 200_o l._n weight_n be_v find_v yea_o that_o some_o island_n consist_v whole_o of_o amber_n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_v they_o in_o the_o aethiopic_a ocean_n at_o guinea_n congo_n and_o angola_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o keil_n of_o the_o ship_n whilst_o that_o they_o remain_v there_o green_a cockle_n like_v unto_o grass_n do_v stick_v which_o hinder_v the_o sail_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o eat_v the_o wood_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o languedock_n in_o france_n bird_n unshape_a first_o of_o all_o then_o by_o degree_n they_o receive_v form_n and_o fix_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o degree_n they_o be_v pull_v off_o and_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n like_o goose_n the_o excrement_n of_o the_o ocean_n term_v the_o scum_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v float_v in_o
apprehend_v it_o from_o his_o word_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v follow_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sun_n and_o general_a wind_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o intumescency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o aequinoctial_o do_v incumb_fw-la on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o either_o he_o or_o the_o wind_n cause_n that_o the_o sea_n than_o swell_v more_o than_o at_o another_o time_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o solstice_n we_o must_v say_v in_o a_o contrary_a mode_n or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o either_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o more_o frequent_a rain_n wind_n and_o inundadion_n in_o those_o season_n proposition_n fourteen_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n and_o shore_n great_a be_v the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o influx_n and_o deflux_n in_o other_o some_o it_o be_v very_o small_a in_o some_o not_o discernible_a and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o flux_n and_o reflux_n or_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n ocean_n the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n those_o place_n receive_v great_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n 1._o that_o be_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o then_o the_o moon_n press_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v there_o carry_v round_o 2._o in_o place_n that_o be_v direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o nigh_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n 3._o in_o those_o gulf_n that_o be_v long_a and_o less_o broad_a the_o augmentation_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a 4._o in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o few_o island_n or_o procurrent_n adjoyn_v to_o the_o earth_n cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n hitherto_o observe_v be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inlet_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o it_o have_v strike_v many_o with_o admiration_n for_o the_o water_n recede_v to_o a_o high_a distance_n and_o that_o very_o speedy_o whence_o not_o without_o reason_n the_o river_n indus_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o unto_o which_o when_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a come_v and_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v the_o water_n present_o go_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o ship_n a_o ground_n hence_o he_o go_v no_o far_o but_o judge_v that_o the_o god_n have_v here_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o expedition_n with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o proceed_v any_o far_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o small_a or_o narrow_a and_o deep_a depression_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a there_o be_v some_o other_o cause_n damman_n fluv_n and_o reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
ground_n than_o in_o any_o county_n in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v blessed_v with_o a_o healthful_a air_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o gentry_n insomuch_o that_o in_o many_o place_n 20_o or_o 30_o sleeple_n present_v themselves_o to_o view_v at_o one_o time_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o river_n and_o fresh_a stream_n as_o the_o welland_n the_o neâ—_n or_o aufona_n the_o owse_n charwel_o etc._n etc._n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 20_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 326_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 11_o market_n to_n northampton_n northampton_n northampton_n delightful_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nine_o which_o wash_v its_o south_n and_o west_n part_n over_o which_o it_o have_v two_o bridge_n it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o once_o very_o large_a but_o this_o as_o all_o other_o place_n in_o the_o kingdom_n selt_z the_o sore_a hand_n of_o the_o dane_n with_o other_o calamity_n and_o late_o in_o be_v lay_v in_o its_o ash_n by_o a_o merciless_a fire_n but_o be_v again_o almost_o rebuilt_a and_o will_v be_v of_o better_a lustre_n than_o before_o it_o be_v extent_n be_v large_a number_v 4_o parish_n church_n within_o its_o wall_n which_o be_v of_o great_a strength_n before_o their_o demolishment_n on_o the_o western_a side_n of_o the_o town_n on_o a_o eminency_n be_v mount_v a_o large_a castle_n but_o so_o ruinous_a that_o it_o seem_v ready_a to_o fall_v it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o barliff_n 12_o magistrate_n a_o recorder_n town_n clerk_n with_o other_o sub-officer_n it_o enjoy_v a_o very_a considerable_a trade_n be_v very_o well_o inhabit_v be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v keep_v and_o the_o general_a place_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o penny_n to_o meet_v for_o the_o county_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o great_a for_o cattle_n corn_n provision_n leather_n shoe_n and_o several_a country_n commodity_n peterburgh_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n aufona_n or_o nen_n peterburgh_n peterburgh_n which_o be_v navigable_a for_o barge_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o bridge_n which_o lead_v to_o huntingtonshire_n and_o in_o a_o marshy_a ground_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o be_v of_o good_a account_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wolpher_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n for_o the_o expiate_a his_o crime_n in_o the_o cruel_a murder_a his_o son_n wolphald_v and_o rufin_n for_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o which_o he_o be_v some_o year_n after_o convert_v himself_o in_o anno_fw-la 633._o finish_v a_o most_o stately_a monastery_n and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o st._n peter_n from_o which_o the_o city_n take_v its_o name_n be_v before_o call_v madeshamstede_n it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a extent_n have_v but_o one_o parish_n church_n beside_o its_o cathedral_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n a_o stately_a structure_n where_o lie_v the_o body_n of_o two_o unfortunate_a queen_n katherine_n of_o spain_n and_o mary_n of_o scot_n this_o city_n enjoy_v several_a immunity_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n as_o also_o of_o a_o dean_n who_o keep_v his_o court_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o cause_n its_o street_n of_o late_o be_v indifferent_a well_o order_v its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o have_v a_o spacious_a marketplace_n well_o resort_v unto_o on_o saturdays_n not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n westward_n be_v seat_v the_o ancient_a city_n durobrivae_n call_v by_o the_o english_a saxon_n normanchester_n oundle_n pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nen_n oundle_n oundle_n over_o which_o it_o have_v two_o good_a bridge_n a_o well_o build_v uniform_a town_n beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n and_o a_o free_a school_n have_v a_o very_a great_a market_n for_o cattle_n corn_n flesh_n and_o fowl_n on_o saturday_n higham-ferrers_n situate_v on_o a_o ascept_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nen_n ferrer_n higham_n ferrer_n a_o ancient_a borough_n and_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n 7_o alderman_n 13_o capital_a burgess_n a_o steward_n etc._n etc._n be_v grace_v with_o a_o fair_a college_n have_v a_o free_a school_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n and_o a_o alms-house_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a people_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n which_o be_v well_o resort_v unto_o wellingborow_n seat_v also_o on_o the_o nen_n a_o large_a and_o well_o inhabit_v town_n wellingborow_n wellingborow_n of_o some_o note_n for_o its_o spring_n of_o medicinal-water_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o town_n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n and_o a_o free_a school_n be_v a_o large_a and_o well_o inhabit_v town_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o wednesdays_n which_o be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n daventry_n seat_v on_o the_o side_n of_o borow-hill_n a_o good_a town_n daventry_n daventry_n goverm_v by_o a_o bulliff_n alderman_n a_o steward_n and_o 12_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o wednesdays_n which_o be_v well_o provide_v with_o horse_n cattle_n sheep_n corn_n and_o provision_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v wedom_n which_o be_v a_o station_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o monastery_n found_v by_o the_o holy_a virgin_n st._n werberg_n daughter_n of_o king_n wolpher_n who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n brackley_n seat_v on_o a_o bank_n of_o the_o owse_n brackley_n brackley_n and_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o county_n towards_o buckinghamshire_n a_o ancient_a and_o large_a town_n corporate_a contain_v two_o parish_n church_n have_v former_o a_o college_n now_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o free_a school_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o small_a market_n on_o wednesdays_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v considerable_a be_v the_o staple_n town_n in_o the_o county_n for_o wool_n northumberland_n county_n of_o northumberland_n northumberland_n a_o county_n of_o a_o sharp_a and_o pierce_a air_n and_o much_o trouble_v with_o pinch_a frost_n boisterous_a wind_n and_o deep_a snow_n which_o will_v be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o sea-coal_n here_o have_v in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v a_o county_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o ungrateful_a soil_n be_v very_o rough_a hilly_a and_o very_o hard_a to_o be_v manure_v but_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n in_o manure_v it_o with_o the_o seaweed_n be_v indifferent_a fertile_a it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n which_o with_o the_o sea_n afford_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n in_o this_o county_n be_v number_v 46_o parish_n church_n many_o of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a have_v their_o chapel_n of_o ease_n and_o be_v sever_v into_o 6_o ward_n and_o for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 6_o market_n to_n the_o inhabitant_n that_o possess_v this_o county_n before_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o ottadini_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n by_o osca_n brother_n to_o hengist_n and_o by_o his_o son_n jebusa_n have_v first_o official_a governor_n under_o the_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n after_o that_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o berenicii_fw-la be_v erect_v that_o which_o reach_v from_o the_o scotish_n frith_n to_o the_o tee_n be_v the_o best_a part_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o have_v finish_v their_o period_n that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o tweed_n pass_v for_o scotland_n then_o be_v it_o yield_v up_o to_o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n who_o lay_v it_o to_o his_o own_o territory_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o earl_n this_o county_n show_v abundance_n of_o antiquity_n not_o only_o along_o the_o pict_n wall_n which_o run_v by_o its_o southern_a part_n but_o elsewhere_o among_o which_o these_o follow_a be_v worthy_a of_o note_n readsquire_n a_o steep_a mountain_n be_v ofttimes_o the_o place_n of_o conference_n for_o the_o east_n marsh_n the_o hermitage_n not_o far_o from_o wakeworth_n by_o the_o water_n a_o chapel_n cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n without_o beam_n rafter_n or_o any_o piece_n of_o timber_n and_o the_o altar_n be_v also_o hew_v out_o of_o the_o same_o rock_n and_o this_o be_v the_o place_n of_o devotion_n for_o a_o hermit_n who_o live_v in_o a_o cell_n within_o the_o rock_n risingham_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n rhead_n a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n which_o it_o be_v say_v god-magon_n for_o
from_o the_o sea_n seat_v strong_o on_o a_o mountain_n with_o wall_n of_o freestone_n it_o be_v well_o people_v most_o follow_v die_v weave_a and_o make_v of_o cotton_n as_o they_o do_v at_o brodra_n about_o this_o city_n be_v very_o fertile_a field_n which_o bring_v forth_o wheat_n barley_n rice_n and_o cotton_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n they_o find_v the_o agat_n cambaya_n cambaya_n 3._o cambaya_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n and_o on_o a_o sandy_a place_n encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n of_o freestone_n about_o 10_o league_n in_o circuit_n its_o street_n be_v straight_o and_o broad_a its_o house_n fair_a and_o large_a have_v 12_o gate_n for_o entrance_n 3_o large_a market-place_n and_o 4_o stately_a cistern_n large_a enough_o to_o keep_v water_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n all_o the_o year_n long_o they_o have_v also_o about_o this_o city_n 15_o or_o 16_o public_a garden_n for_o the_o recreation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v place_n of_o great_a pleasure_n and_o delight_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pagan_n benjan_n or_o rasboutes_o this_o city_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o gulf_n and_o so_o famous_a and_o of_o so_o great_a traffic_n that_o the_o kingdom_n sometime_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v frequent_v by_o most_o nation_n where_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a keep_v a_o factory_a guazarete_n amadabad_n the_o metropolis_n of_o guazarete_n 4._o amadabad_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o guzurate_n be_v about_o 7_o league_n in_o compass_n a_o place_n of_o good_a strength_n the_o building_n be_v very_o stately_a and_o fair_a especial_o the_o mosque_n the_o governors_n house_n and_o other_o public_a place_n the_o street_n be_v large_a and_o many_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o of_o a_o great_a trade_n abound_v in_o divers_a indian_a commodity_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o indus_n about_o 45_o league_n from_o surat_n and_o be_v by_o the_o english_a compare_v to_o london_n here_o the_o merchant_n pay_v no_o custom_n the_o governor_n of_o this_o city_n be_v viceroy_n of_o all_o guzurate_n be_v answerable_a for_o what_o he_o do_v to_o none_o but_o the_o great_a mogoll_n he_o live_v in_o a_o great_a state_n than_o any_o king_n in_o europe_n his_o court_n large_a and_o stately_a his_o attendance_n great_a not_o stir_v abroad_o without_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n as_o in_o his_o attendance_n of_o noble_n and_o other_o in_o his_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o his_o elephant_n with_o brave_a furniture_n together_o with_o several_a play_v on_o certain_a instrument_n of_o music_n his_o revenue_n be_v exceed_o great_a which_o by_o some_o be_v account_v to_o be_v about_o ten_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_o out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v at_o great_a expense_n as_o in_o the_o maintain_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n his_o own_o expense_n and_o the_o keep_v 12000_o horse_n and_o 50_o elephant_n for_o the_o mogoll_n service_n in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o pleasant_a garden_n plentiful_o store_v with_o variety_n of_o fruit-tree_n 5._o diu_n be_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n commodity_n the_o city_n of_o diu_n its_o trade_n and_o commodity_n and_o lie_v about_o 20_o league_n from_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o main_a land_n it_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o portugal_n who_o have_v strong_o fortify_v it_o this_o city_n be_v well_o build_v indifferent_a big_a and_o have_v a_o great_a and_o good_a haven_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o have_v a_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o bring_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n who_o chief_a commodity_n be_v cotton-linen_n of_o sundry_a sort_n which_o we_o call_v calico_n cocos-oil_n butter_n pitch_n tar_n sugar-candy_n iron_n several_a sort_n of_o curious_a desk_n chest_n box_n standish_v which_o they_o make_v of_o wood_n neat_o carve_v guild_a and_o various_o colour_v and_o wrought_v with_o mother_n of_o pearl_n also_o excellent_a fair_a leather_n which_o be_v artificial_o wrought_v with_o silk_n of_o all_o colour_n both_o with_o flower_n and_o figure_n which_o be_v there_o and_o elsewhere_o use_v instead_o of_o carpet_n and_o coverlid_n 6._o bisantagan_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n there_o adjacent_a be_v of_o good_a repute_n well_o people_v have_v in_o it_o about_o 20000_o house_n 7._o cheytepour_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v benjan_n who_o by_o profession_n be_v weaver_n who_o make_v great_a quantity_n of_o cotton-linen_n here_o be_v also_o several_a other_o city_n of_o less_o note_n as_o nassary_n gaudui_n and_o balsara_n which_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o surat_n mogoll_n agra_n a_o pleasant_a city_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o mogoll_n from_o which_o they_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a 8._o agra_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n gemini_fw-la which_o fall_v into_o the_o ganges_n of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n and_o strong_o fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o great_a ditch_n its_o house_n be_v fair_a it_o street_n spacious_a several_a be_v inhabit_v by_o those_o of_o one_o trade_n each_o trade_n have_v its_o street_n allot_v it_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a marketplace_n and_o have_v for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o merchant_n and_o foreigner_n about_o 80_o caravanseraes_n or_o inn_n which_o be_v large_a house_n wherein_o be_v good_a lodging_n and_o warehouse_n for_o their_o good_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v about_o 70_o great_a mosque_n or_o church_n beside_o divers_a little_a one_o in_o the_o great_a of_o which_o be_v several_a tomb_n of_o their_o saint_n here_o be_v also_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o bath_n or_o hothouse_n which_o be_v much_o use_v among_o they_o the_o great_a mogoll_n do_v often_o change_v his_o dwell_n so_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o city_n of_o note_n but_o what_o he_o have_v abode_n in_o and_o where_o he_o have_v not_o palace_n but_o there_o be_v none_o which_o have_v his_o presence_n so_o much_o as_o this_o it_o be_v the_o most_o delightful_a of_o all_o other_o where_o he_o have_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n as_o also_o several_a garden_n and_o house_n for_o his_o retirement_n without_o the_o city_n his_o palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n gemini_fw-la and_o if_o some_o author_n may_v be_v credit_v be_v about_o 2_o league_n in_o compass_n it_o be_v very_o strong_a be_v encompass_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o great_a ditch_n or_o moat_n have_v at_o every_o gate_n a_o draw-bridge_n which_o be_v strong_o guard_v for_o the_o description_n of_o this_o palace_n i_o must_v be_v behold_v to_o j._n albert_n de_fw-fr mandelslo_n in_o his_o book_n of_o travel_n where_o he_o say_v that_o be_v enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n there_o be_v a_o spacious_a street_n with_o shop_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o mogoll_n palace_n to_o which_o there_o be_v several_a gate_n which_o be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n under_o the_o gate_n call_v cistery_n be_v the_o place_n of_o judicature_n to_o which_o be_v adjoin_v a_o place_n where_o all_o ordinance_n and_o other_o writ_n be_v seal_v and_o where_o the_o record_n be_v keep_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o gate_n be_v the_o spacious_a street_n aforesaid_a the_o gate_n call_v achobarke_v derwage_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a respect_n with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v the_o place_n that_o the_o sing_v and_o dance_a woman_n be_v lodge_v at_o who_o be_v keep_v for_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o great_a mogoll_n and_o his_o family_n these_o woman_n dance_v before_o he_o naked_a there_o be_v another_o gate_n which_o they_o call_v dersame_a which_o lead_v to_o a_o river_n to_o which_o he_o come_v every_o morning_n to_o worship_v the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n near_o this_o place_n it_o be_v that_o his_o noble_n and_o officer_n about_o his_o court_n come_v every_o day_n to_o do_v their_o submission_n to_o he_o to_o which_o place_n he_o come_v every_o day_n except_o friday_n which_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o their_o devotion_n as_o sunday_n be_v with_o we_o to_o see_v the_o fight_n of_o lion_n elephant_n bull_n and_o the_o like_a fierce_a beast_n which_o be_v here_o use_v for_o his_o recreation_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o gate_n which_o lead_v into_o the_o guard-hall_n through_o which_o at_o the_o far_a end_n of_o a_o pave_v court_n under_o a_o portal_n there_o be_v a_o row_n of_o silver_n pillar_n where_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a guard_n also_o keep_v to_o hinder_v all_o people_n except_o great_a lord_n to_o enter_v any_o far_o it_o lead_v to_o the_o mogoll_n lodging_n which_o be_v exceed_o rich_a and_o magnificent_a but_o above_o all_o be_v his_o throne_n which_o be_v make_v of_o massy_a gold_n and_o enrich_v with_o
the_o fire_n it_o be_v sap_n infuse_v in_o water_n heat_v and_o take_v lukewarm_a purge_v phlegm_n and_o cure_v venerial_a distemper_n fruit_n their_o fruit_n among_o their_o fruit_n they_o have_v damson_n twice_o as_o big_a as_o we_o mirabolan_n of_o many_o kind_n anana_n citron_n orange_n pomegranate_n grape_n date_n coco-nut_n etc._n etc._n they_o gather_v maniguet_n ginger_n and_o divers_a root_n which_o they_o eat_v instead_o of_o bread_n and_o which_o serve_v for_o divers_a other_o use_n they_o have_v quantity_n of_o rice_n millet_n bean_n pease_n french-bean_n both_o red_a white_z green_a and_o all_o sort_n of_o pulse_n the_o sensitive_a herb_n be_v find_v among_o the_o tapates_n who_o leaf_n touch_v they_o all_o close_a and_o shut_v up_o one_o within_o anothen_fw-ge hang_v towards_o the_o ground_n and_o not_o raise_v up_o nor_o open_v themselves_o again_o till_o a_o good_a while_n after_o and_o that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n the_o isle_n have_v many_o good_a road_n and_o commodious_a port_n and_o every_o where_o be_v find_v good_a water_n and_o victual_n but_o the_o air_n be_v unhealthful_a to_o the_o european_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n which_o here_o reign_v it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n yet_o the_o french_a have_v establish_v a_o colony_n sometime_o in_o one_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o the_o bay_n of_o anton-gil_n or_o of_o st._n anthony_n be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o the_o island_n on_o the_o same_o coast_n and_o far_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v boamarage_v more_o towards_o the_o south_n arganda_fw-la and_o continue_v cacambout_o manialoufe_v manajara_n or_o the_o port_n of_o prune_n matatane_n manapate_n or_o the_o port_n of_o galleon_n manatenga_n andâ—â—boul_n romag_n near_o the_o port_n st._n case_n and_o antipere_fw-la or_o sancta_fw-la clara_n near_o cape_n st._n romain_n all_o these_o place_n or_o port_n be_v build_v with_o wood_n cover_v with_o leave_n and_o enclose_v with_o pallisadoe_n as_o throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n be_v vingagora_n st._n andreâ—â—â—_n the_o bay_n of_o pracel_n st._n vincent_n st._n james_n the_o port_n or_o gulf_n of_o st._n augustine_n the_o best_a next_o to_o antongil_n tombaja_n etc._n etc._n the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n rise_v into_o mountain_n cover_v with_o wood_n where_o be_v ebony_n saunders_n orange-tree_n citron-tree_n etc._n etc._n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o sancta_fw-la mary_n describe_v about_o madagascar_n be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o isle_n as_o that_o of_o sancta_fw-la mary_n near_o the_o bay_n of_o anton-gil_n about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o league_n in_o circuit_n be_v fair_a and_o fertile_a afford_v store_n of_o provision_n and_o potter_n earth_n and_o their_o sea_n quantity_n of_o whale_n which_o they_o catch_v by_o dart_v on_o they_o a_o certain_a iron_n fix_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cord_n which_o when_o they_o have_v tire_v themselves_o they_o make_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o of_o these_o whale_n they_o make_v oil_n with_o which_o as_o also_o with_o their_o provision_n and_o potter_n earth_n they_o drive_v a_o trade_n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o comeres_fw-la describe_v the_o isle_n of_o comeres_fw-la be_v five_o principal_a one_o as_o st._n christopher_n st._n esprit_fw-fr loura_n comera_n and_o gasidsa_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o last_o be_v perfidious_a the_o other_o more_o civil_a and_o under_o one_o king_n alone_o who_o reside_v at_o ansuvanny_n where_o there_o be_v some_o trade_n the_o most_o part_n be_v mahometan_n the_o soil_n be_v pleasant_a and_o fertile_a because_o of_o the_o river_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o water_v their_o field_n they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o bird_n they_o have_v no_o iron_n they_o fetch_v from_o madagascar_n rice_n millet_n ambergris_n and_o slave_n which_o they_o transport_v into_o arabia_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o whence_o they_o bring_v stuff_n and_o indian_a habit_n amfium_n or_o opium_n in_o 1613._o the_o hollander_n tauch_v on_o this_o island_n and_o receive_v great_a refreshment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o for_o a_o choir_n of_o common_a paper_n they_o have_v a_o ox_n for_o a_o common_a looking-glass_n another_o for_o a_o dozen_o of_o little_a bell_n which_o they_o fasten_v to_o hawk_n leg_n another_o for_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n three_o ox_n etc._n etc._n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o maurico_n describe_v the_o isle_n maurice_n or_o sancta_fw-la appollina_n between_o 19_o and_o 20_o degree_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v inhabit_v before_o the_o hollander_n establish_v a_o colony_n it_o be_v about_o 15_o league_n in_o compass_n mandelslo_n say_v that_o this_o island_n have_v a_o good_a haven_n both_o deep_a and_o large_a enough_o for_o fifty_o say_a of_o great_a ship_n to_o harbour_v in_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v very_o pleasant_a have_v many_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o clothe_v with_o tree_n and_o always_o green_a among_o which_o some_o be_v so_o lofty_a that_o they_o seem_v to_o overtop_v the_o cloud_n and_o its_o valley_n as_o pleasant_a and_o green_a and_o adorn_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o tree_n as_o well_o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n as_o cocoe_n date_n orange_n citron_n etc._n etc._n as_o those_o which_o yield_v none_o as_o great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a ebony_n and_o other_o tree_n some_o of_o who_o wood_n be_v yellow_a other_o red_a other_o mix_v and_o all_o with_o fair_a and_o lively_a colour_n the_o leave_n of_o their_o palm-tree_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o cover_v a_o man_n the_o bird_n be_v here_o so_o tame_a that_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v take_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o kill_v with_o a_o stick_n they_o have_v tortoise_n strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n but_o fourfooted_a beast_n they_o have_v none_o beside_o these_o isle_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o be_v seat_v about_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n as_o two_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o deigosoare_n two_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nunni_n pereirae_fw-la three_o by_o the_o name_n of_o diego_fw-es roix_n four_o by_o sancta_fw-la clara_n two_o by_o st._n romanus_n three_o by_o st._n julianus_n three_o by_o st._n jacobus_n nine_o by_o st._n vincent_n three_o by_o st._n christopher_n three_o by_o comora_n and_o eight_o by_o the_o name_n of_o bugi_n also_o the_o isle_n of_o boamarage_n st._n anthony_n st._n maria_n radix_fw-la mascarenhae_fw-la johannis_n de_fw-fr lisboa_n syrtium_fw-la and_o mosambicha-nova_n with_o some_o other_o shipwreck_n the_o bank_n of_o india_n very_o dangerous_a for_o shipwreck_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o the_o main_a land_n about_o 70_o league_n from_o the_o isle_n 100_o from_o cefala_n and_o 150_o from_o mozambique_n be_v the_o bank_n of_o india_n infamous_a for_o shipwreck_n and_o particular_o for_o that_o of_o the_o admiral_n fernando_n mendoza_n in_o 1586._o the_o bank_n and_o rock_n be_v of_o sharp_a stone_n and_o with_o divers_a point_n like_v to_o coral_n some_o black_a other_o white_z other_o green_z but_o all_o horrible_a even_o to_o behold_v there_o rest_v a_o great_a number_n of_o island_n to_o the_o north_n and_o east_n and_o between_o the_o north_n and_o east_n of_o madagascar_n and_o among_o these_o isle_n many_o bank_n and_o rock_n we_o will_v omit_v a_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o as_o unnecessary_a and_o only_o say_v that_o the_o french_a have_v often_o design_v to_o establish_v a_o powerful_a colony_n in_o the_o country_n encourage_v by_o its_o commodity_n and_o the_o great_a commerce_n it_o be_v like_a to_o maintain_v the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n viz._n the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n describe_v viz._n one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o league_n from_o cape_n verde_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n be_v a_o body_n of_o island_n which_o extend_v themselves_o from_o 13_o ½_n unto_o the_o 19_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o 153_o ½_n unto_o 157_o or_o thereabouts_o of_o longitude_n they_o be_v call_v in_o general_a the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n because_o that_o cape_n be_v the_o near_a main_a land_n to_o they_o among_o these_o isle_n there_o be_v 10_o in_o some_o consideration_n though_o a_o part_n of_o they_o not_o inhabit_v they_o be_v range_v almost_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n or_o semicircle_n of_o which_o the_o convex_a part_n regard_v the_o continent_n and_o the_o two_o point_n the_o ocean_n that_o which_o make_v the_o point_n towards_o north_n and_o west_n be_v that_o of_o st._n antonio_n which_o those_o of_o st._n vincent_n st._n nicholas_n and_o sancta_fw-la lucia_n follow_v advancing_z between_o east_n and_o south_n then_o those_o of_o salt_n bona_n vista_n and_o maya_n descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o be_v the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o those_o of_o st._n jago_n of_o fuego_n and_o brava_n the_o most_o southern_a return_v from_o east_n to_o
the_o country_n between_o rotana_n and_o realejo_n be_v so_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a that_o its_o like_a can_v scarce_o be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n such_o quantity_n it_o produce_v of_o grain_n wine_n fruit_n honey_n wax_n sugar_n flax_n fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n silk_n etc._n etc._n and_o from_o hence_o they_o have_v their_o vine_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o west_n indies_n the_o best_a of_o which_o grow_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o ramble_n there_o be_v certain_a shrub_n which_o yield_v a_o liquor_n like_o to_o milk_n which_o after_o it_o be_v thicken_v make_v a_o excellent_a gum_n call_v taybayba_n from_o the_o dragon_n tree_n cut_v towards_o the_o root_n they_o draw_v a_o red_a liquor_n which_o they_o call_v dragon_n blood_n well_o know_v to_o apothecary_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n it_o be_v principal_a city_n laguna_n so_o call_v because_o of_o the_o lake_n near_o to_o it_o be_v 4_o or_o 5_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n contain_v two_o parish_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o island_n the_o other_o city_n be_v sancta_fw-la crux_fw-la rotana_n rajalesa_n carachico_n and_o adeca_n when_o it_o be_v discover_v its_o king_n to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o dwell_v in_o cavern_n and_o the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a be_v set_v up_o about_o cave_n where_o they_o become_v as_o dry_a as_o parchment_n among_o which_o the_o most_o honourable_a have_v a_o stick_n put_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o vessel_n of_o milk_n before_o they_o describe_v the_o isle_n of_o gomer_n describe_v gomer_n be_v 8_o or_o 9_o league_n from_o teneriff_n be_v 10_o or_o 12_o league_n long_o it_o be_v chief_a city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n often_o receive_v the_o indian_a fleet_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n fruit_n sugar_n and_o wine_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o teneriff_n and_o canaria_n the_o country_n be_v high_a plain_a bear_v many_o dragon-tree_n feed_v small_a cattle_n its_o road_n be_v deep_a and_o large_a the_o people_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v former_o more_o barbarous_a than_o those_o of_o the_o other_o canary_n isle_n use_v many_o strange_a custom_n not_o know_v elsewhere_o among_o which_o they_o hold_v it_o for_o a_o great_a sign_n of_o hospitality_n to_o let_v their_o friend_n lie_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o receive_v they_o in_o testimony_n or_o return_n of_o kindness_n describe_v isle_n of_o ferr_n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o ferr_n be_v the_o most_o west_n of_o all_o the_o canary_n distant_a from_o palma_n 15_o or_o 16_o league_n from_o gomer_n only_o 5_o or_o 6._o this_o isle_n in_o reason_n shall_v be_v well_o know_v many_o person_n have_v be_v there_o and_o many_o author_n treat_v very_o ample_o of_o it_o yet_o i_o will_v a_o little_a show_v the_o diversity_n find_v touch_v the_o greatness_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o also_o the_o water_n with_o which_o the_o isle_n be_v serve_v it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v call_v hierro_n seat_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n here_o be_v find_v plenty_n of_o hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n also_o of_o beast_n fowl_n fruit_n and_o quantity_n of_o grain_n and_o sugar_n cane_n and_o have_v much_o cattle_n which_o yield_v abundance_n of_o milk_n and_o cheese_n rivers_n a_o tree_n who_o leave_n destilâ—â—_n water_n which_o serve_v the_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o rain_n or_o rivers_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v no_o fresh_a water_n only_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n there_o grow_v a_o tree_n who_o leave_n be_v much_o like_o those_o of_o the_o olive_n which_o be_v always_o cover_v with_o cloud_n drop_n from_o its_o leave_n into_o a_o cistern_n which_o be_v underneath_o it_o very_o good_a water_n and_o in_o such_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o also_o all_o the_o cattle_n and_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o island_n one_o jackson_n a_o englishman_n who_o report_v to_o have_v see_v consider_v and_o measure_v this_o tree_n in_o 1618._o say_v that_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o pond_n contain_v 20000_o tun_n which_o in_o one_o night_n be_v fill_v and_o that_o from_o this_o pond_n the_o water_n be_v by_o divers_a channel_n convey_v into_o other_o pond_n or_o cistern_n through_o the_o whole_a isle_n which_o be_v very_o well_o people_v some_o say_v it_o have_v in_o it_o about_o 8000_o people_n and_o above_o 100000_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o for_o a_o island_n but_o of_o six_o league_n circuit_n be_v very_o well_o for_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n it_o can_v be_v above_o a_o league_n distant_a from_o any_o extremity_n and_o moreover_o more_o than_o 20000_o tun_n of_o water_n for_o 100000_o month_n will_v be_v a_o tun_n a_o day_n for_o every_o five_o month_n which_o be_v too_o much_o drink_v if_o they_o drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n these_o particular_n be_v contradict_v by_o other_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o these_o isle_n say_v many_o tree_n not_o one_o alone_a otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v immortal_a sanutus_n say_v that_o the_o cloud_n begin_v to_o rise_v about_o noon_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n quite_o cover_v the_o tree_n which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n destill_v water_n drop_v by_o drop_n along_o the_o trunk_n branch_n and_o leaf_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o till_o day_n other_o say_v that_o this_o water_n fall_v from_o noon_n all_o night_n until_o a_o little_a after_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v but_o most_o will_v have_v the_o cloud_n perpetual_o about_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o it_o destill_v continual_o suarez_n make_v the_o pond_n or_o cistern_n of_o not_o above_o 20_o tun_n the_o relation_n of_o 1602._o say_v two_o reserver_n each_o 20_o foot_n square_a but_o neither_o suarez_n nor_o other_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o other_o reserver_n in_o the_o isle_n but_o will_v have_v this_o water_n in_o one_o place_n alone_o whither_o all_o go_v to_o fetch_v it_o but_o let_v we_o pass_v from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o come_v to_o malta_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a but_o none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a piece_n of_o africa_n nigh_o unto_o these_o 7_o island_n call_v the_o canary_n isle_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o roco_n sancta_fw-la clara_n gratiosa_fw-la alegria_n and_o the_o two_o savage_a isle_n palma_n be_v distant_a from_o gomer_n 12_o or_o 15_o league_n to_o the_o north_n west_n it_o be_v round_o or_o oval_n and_o its_o circuit_n about_o 25_o league_n abound_v in_o corn_n wine_n sugar_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o cattle_n and_o therefore_o make_v the_o victual_v place_n of_o the_o spanish_a fleet_n that_o pass_v to_o peru_n and_o brasil_n the_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n have_v great_a confluence_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o wine_n load_v for_o the_o west-indies_n and_o other_o place_n it_o be_v best_a and_o like_a to_o malvoisie_n be_v make_v about_o brenia_n whence_o be_v take_v more_o than_o 12000_o pipe_n yearly_a also_o st._n andre_n and_o tassa_n cord_n be_v on_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v little_a corn_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o teneriff_n four_o sugar_n engine_n the_o church_n of_o palma_n and_o the_o governor_n house_n be_v esteem_v fair_a the_o island_n of_o malta_n malta_n the_o isle_n of_o malta_n the_o isle_n of_o malta_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v about_o 600_o league_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o souria_n and_o 500_o from_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n this_o straight_a beginning_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o that_o coast_n end_v it_o towards_o the_o east_n likewise_o from_o malta_n to_o the_o near_a firm_a land_n of_o europe_n situation_n it_o be_v situation_n which_o be_v italy_n and_o to_o the_o near_a coast_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n in_o africa_n which_o be_v the_o coast_n of_o tunis_n and_o tripoli_n these_o bound_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n that_o on_o the_o north_n be_v 80_o 90_o and_o near_o 100_o league_n the_o ancient_n have_v esteem_v it_o rather_o in_o africa_n then_o in_o europe_n and_o the_o opinion_n have_v be_v follow_v by_o almost_o all_o modern_a author_n though_o it_o be_v near_a the_o isle_n and_o kingdom_n of_o sicily_n which_o be_v in_o europe_n and_o from_o which_o it_o likewise_o hold_v then_o to_o africa_n and_o though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n who_o be_v all_o european_n the_o native_a tongue_n of_o the_o country_n and_o most_o of_o their_o custom_n have_v always_o more_o resemble_v those_o of_o africa_n than_o europe_n this_o isle_n at_o present_a be_v very_o famous_a malta_n the_o isle_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n not_o for_o its_o
4._o some_o be_v sandy_a some_o rocky_a clay_n or_o chalky_a 5._o some_o include_v or_o contain_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n whereas_o other_o be_v without_o they_o 6._o some_o be_v adorn_v with_o wood_n and_o other_o some_o destitute_a of_o tree_n 7._o some_o be_v burn_v and_o smoke_v whereas_o other_o be_v without_o fire_n 8._o some_o be_v rich_a in_o metal_n and_o other_o without_o they_o 9_o and_o some_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n whereas_o other_o have_v no_o snow_n at_o all_o proposition_n v._o to_o enumerate_v the_o burn_a mountain_n and_o those_o that_o cast_v out_o flame_n mountain_n of_o vulcan_n or_o burn_a mountain_n such_o mountain_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v vulcan_n which_o appellation_n the_o portugal_n marines_n first_o introduce_v and_o now_o be_v common_o so_o call_v and_o such_o be_v 1._o the_o most_o famous_a be_v aetna_n aetna_n mount_v aetna_n a_o mountain_n in_o sicilia_n at_o this_o day_n call_v gebel_n from_o who_o top_n the_o eject_v flame_n and_o smoke_n be_v discover_v at_o a_o long_a distance_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n even_o to_o malta_n which_o be_v 40_o german_a mile_n howbeit_o that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v continual_a yet_o notwithstanding_o sometime_o it_o rage_v with_o a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o year_n 1537._o from_o the_o first_o of_o may_n to_o the_o twelve_o earthquake_n a_o great_a strange_a earthquake_n all_o sicilia_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n than_o a_o great_a and_o horrible_a noise_n be_v hear_v as_o if_o canon_n have_v be_v fire_v there_o follow_v the_o destruction_n of_o many_o edifice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a isle_n when_o that_o this_o storm_n have_v continue_v for_o eleven_o day_n the_o earth_n be_v rend_v in_o twain_o or_o open_v itself_o with_o a_o vast_a gulf_n whence_o a_o great_a flame_n and_o fire_n break_v forth_o by_o which_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n all_o be_v consume_v and_o burn_v which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o five_o mile_n from_o aetna_n a_o little_a after_o the_o funnel_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o three_o day_n cast_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o coal_n which_o be_v not_o only_o disperse_v throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o italy_n and_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o 200_o league_n distant_a steer_v towards_o venice_n be_v much_o damnify_v farellus_n have_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o fire_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o do_v also_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o be_v 100_o italian_a mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o the_o flame_n break_v forth_o in_o a_o violent_a manner_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n hecla_n mount_v hecla_n 2._o hecla_o a_o mountain_n of_o island_n do_v sometime_o rage_n as_o much_o as_o aetna_n and_o cast_v forth_o great_a stone_n and_o continual_a fire_n in_o it_o want_v a_o free_a evacuation_n oftentimes_o send_v forth_o noise_n like_v unto_o lamentation_n thence_o many_o simple_a people_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o place_n of_o hell_n where_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v torment_v soma_fw-it vesuvius_n or_o monte_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_fw-it 3._o vesuvius_n at_o this_o day_n mont_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v plant_v with_o most_o fertile_a vine_n which_o without_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conflagration_n make_v the_o best_a falernum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o frequent_a burn_n dion_n cassius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n its_o conflagration_n and_o the_o force_n of_o its_o flame_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o ash_n cast_v forth_o from_o its_o bottom_n with_o the_o sulphureous_a smoke_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o rome_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n into_o africa_n even_o to_o egypt_n moreover_o the_o bird_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o air_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o fish_n perish_v in_o the_o adjacent_a infect_v warm_a and_o frequent_a water_n concern_v this_o conflagration_n and_o the_o sad_a mutation_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a epigram_n in_o martial_a who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o mountain_n in_o its_o verdure_n and_o afterward_o bury_v in_o its_o ash_n but_o then_o the_o conflagration_n cease_v and_o the_o shower_n water_v the_o sulphureous_a embers_o and_o ash_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o be_v great_a fertility_n of_o wine_n but_o again_o within_o these_o few_o year_n this_o mountain_n burn_v a_o fresh_a and_o send_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o smoak_n the_o adjacent_a land_n be_v burn_v and_o become_v dangerous_a to_o traveller_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a pit_n which_o the_o flame_n cause_v note_n a_o mountain_n in_o java_n worthy_a of_o note_n 4._o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n panacura_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v it_o have_v never_o burn_v before_o first_o be_v rend_v with_o a_o violent_a eruption_n of_o flame_a sulphur_n so_o that_o about_o 10000_o person_n be_v say_v to_o have_v perish_v in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o it_o eject_v exceed_v great_a stone_n into_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n it_o vomit_v forth_o so_o much_o black_a smoke_n mix_v with_o ash_n and_o embers_o that_o it_o obscure_v the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o almost_o clothe_v day_n with_o night_n dark_a mantle_n gonnapi_n the_o mountain_n gonnapi_n 5._o gonnapi_fw-la a_o mountain_n in_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n when_o that_o it_o have_v burn_v for_o 17_o year_n be_v rend_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o cast_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o great_a stone_n of_o sulphur_n and_o ardent_a matter_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o it_o astonish_v all_o person_n the_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o embers_o also_o render_v the_o cannon_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o castle_n unserviceable_a such_o a_o vast_a heap_n overwhelm_v they_o vast_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o multitude_n of_o small_a one_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n have_v scarce_o a_o free_a passage_n the_o water_n on_o the_o shore_n so_o boil_a as_o if_o that_o fire_n have_v be_v place_v under_o it_o a_o abundance_n of_o fish_n be_v kill_v and_o see_v float_v on_o the_o water_n balaluanum_fw-la balaluanum_fw-la 6._o balaluanum_n a_o mountain_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n cast_v forth_o smoke_n and_o flame_n as_o aetna_n fire_n many_o place_n in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n cast_v forth_o fire_n 7._o in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n the_o land_n in_o many_o place_n belch_v forth_o fire_n with_o a_o huge_a noise_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o note_v for_o the_o funnel_n of_o turnate_a the_o mountain_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o cloud_n and_o very_o steep_a the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o thick_a wood_n the_o upper_a naked_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n on_o the_o top_n be_v the_o funnel_n of_o a_o vast_a wideness_n which_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o amphitheatre_n with_o many_o circle_n the_o great_a include_v the_o lesser_a thence_o in_o the_o equinoctial_o especial_o those_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n certain_a wind_n blow_v chief_o the_o northern_a with_o a_o horrible_a noise_n flame_v mix_v with_o black_a smoke_n and_o embers_o break_v forth_o and_o fill_v all_o place_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n with_o ash_n there_o be_v annual_a season_n of_o see_v it_o neither_o can_v one_o ascend_v but_o by_o rope_n or_o chain_n in_o certain_a place_n maffaeus_n see_v maffaeus_n here_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o mountain_n the_o inhabitant_n gather_v good_a sulphur_n 8._o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o maurice_n 60_o league_n distant_a from_o moluccoe_n oftentimes_o the_o whole_a isle_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n and_o vomit_v fire_n and_o ash_n and_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o fire_n that_o whole_a mountain_n and_o rock_n do_v burn_v oftentimes_o fiery_a stone_n break_v forth_o of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o vehement_a so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n be_v pour_v forth_o that_o people_n labour_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o be_v cover_v with_o ash_n those_o ash_n also_o kill_v their_o live_a creature_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n this_o black_a and_o dismal_a fire_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o dreadful_a noise_n like_v unto_o thunder_n or_o great_a gun_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v abundance_n of_o pumice_n stone_n and_o other_o stone_n burn_v in_o the_o fire_n note_n a_o mountain_n in_o japan_n worthy_a of_o note_n 9_o in_o japan_n as_o
hinder_v do_v flow_v from_o more_o high_a place_n to_o place_n more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o place_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n part_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o will_v neither_o consist_v or_o be_v calm_a which_o yet_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shore_n that_o altitude_n will_v be_v discover_v a_o far_o long_a interval_n than_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n do_v admit_v of_o yea_o it_o will_v be_v see_v from_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n intercept_v between_o that_o altitude_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v see_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o it_o can_v be_v behold_v from_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o that_o by_o degree_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n be_v detect_v after_o the_o more_o near_o when_o we_o come_v to_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o by_o how_o much_o any_o part_n be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v first_o or_o by_o a_o large_a interval_n behold_v from_o the_o shore_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o high_a than_o that_o part_n that_o be_v nigh_o unto_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n every_o where_o both_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o shore_n and_o not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n 3._o mariner_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o deep_a sea_n although_o they_o apply_v their_o mathematical_a instrument_n yet_o find_v it_o no_o high_o there_o than_o in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o shore_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sea_n have_v any_o altitude_n elevate_v as_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n for_o as_o by_o instrument_n we_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o tower_n or_o mountain_n above_o the_o subject_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o also_o if_o that_o there_o be_v any_o altitude_n of_o the_o middle_a ocean_n above_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n it_o can_v not_o be_v obstruct_v and_o avoid_v the_o subtlety_n of_o instrument_n 4._o also_o here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v island_n and_o that_o in_o great_a number_n in_o some_o part_n which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o continent_n or_o great_a island_n therefore_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o island_n 5._o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v why_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n shall_v be_v high_o and_o not_o flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n if_o that_o their_o water_n be_v more_o depress_v for_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o water_n any_o where_o situate_v move_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n and_o these_o be_v less_o high_a which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o many_o inundation_n from_o these_o i_o think_v we_o sufficient_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o land_n see_v therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o very_a few_o shore_n be_v elevate_v little_o more_o than_o the_o vicine_fw-la mediterranean_a land_n and_o in_o most_o lesser_a see_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n increase_v and_o rise_v into_o hill_n thence_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n now_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n augment_v or_o that_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n be_v high_a than_o the_o shore_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o flux_n of_o river_n most_o of_o which_o arise_v in_o mediterranean_a place_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o ocean_n so_o then_o at_o least_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n be_v somewhat_o more_o elevate_v than_o the_o shore_n because_o the_o flux_n be_v from_o these_o unto_o they_o for_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o more_o high_a part_n to_o place_n more_o inferior_a now_o that_o some_o be_v somewhat_o depress_v low_o than_o the_o water_n we_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v but_o they_o be_v either_o defend_v by_o the_o height_n of_o their_o shore_n or_o by_o bank_n or_o other_o interpose_a earth_n now_o these_o bank_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n not_o because_o of_o the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v tranquillous_a and_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o impetuous_a motion_n cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n corollary_n corollary_n corollary_n therefore_o they_o be_v deceive_v who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o fly_v to_o a_o miraculous_a providence_n by_o which_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o land_n and_o drown_n of_o the_o world_n be_v hinder_v and_o restrain_v for_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v one_o and_o almost_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n spherical_a and_o that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o ocean_n can_v overflow_v the_o land_n which_o great_a altitude_n if_o it_o be_v elevate_v in_o some_o shore_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v or_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v or_o force_v to_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n cause_n inundation_n neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o why_o the_o sea_n be_v behold_v from_o the_o shore_n seem_v to_o arise_v in_o a_o great_a altitude_n and_o tumour_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a shore_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v a_o fallacy_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o of_o the_o estimate_v faculty_n which_o have_v bring_v many_o into_o this_o error_n so_o that_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n but_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o daily_a experiment_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o our_o life_n in_o which_o this_o fallacy_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a for_o if_o that_o we_o look_v on_o any_o pavement_n or_o floor_n stretch_v at_o length_n or_o any_o row_n of_o pillar_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o pavement_n will_v appear_v more_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n so_o that_o from_o thence_o from_o our_o place_n to_o the_o most_o remote_a the_o floor_n will_v seem_v by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o to_o elevate_v which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n it_o be_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o if_o on_o the_o shoar_n you_o use_v a_o geodetical_a instrument_n commodious_a to_o measure_v place_n withal_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o elevation_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n above_o the_o shoar_n but_o rather_o a_o little_a depression_n so_o that_o the_o water_n sink_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o shore_n those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o fallacy_n let_v a_o be_v the_o eye_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o survey_v the_o pavement_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v at_o length_n unto_o the_o long_a space_n a_o e._n let_v the_o angle_n a_o a_o e_o be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n or_o four_o angle_n which_o be_v e_z a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o c_o a_o b_o b_o a_o a_o from_o the_o right_n draw_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o to_o wit_n the_o more_o remote_a shall_v be_v far_o more_o great_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o diagram_n viz._n e_o d_o be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_z d_o e_z great_a than_o b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o than_o a_o h._n although_o these_o part_n be_v very_o unequal_a yet_o they_o will_v appear_v equal_a because_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o equal_a angle_n a_o a_o b_o b_o a_o c_o c_o a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o and_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n will_v judge_v they_o to_o be_v remove_v a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o eye_n a_o in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deception_n and_o therefore_o will_v judge_v the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o
number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
term_v arm_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o river_n divaricate_v into_o two_o channel_n 7._o a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v water_n bubble_v and_o flow_v forward_o from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 8._o a_o well_o be_v when_o the_o water_n bubble_v up_o but_o flow_v not_o forward_o proposition_n ii_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n may_v sometime_o proceed_v from_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n proceed_v from_o whence_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n do_v proceed_v for_o in_o the_o mountainous_a or_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v many_o cavity_n small_a lake_n and_o stand_v pool_n now_o if_o that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o these_o from_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n or_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v well_o contain_v they_o they_o overflow_v and_o run_v down_o on_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n and_o because_o that_o on_o every_o year_n this_o happen_v it_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o itself_o but_o sometime_o torrent_n do_v flow_v without_o any_o channel_n from_o this_o cause_n viz._n rains_n and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n many_o rivulet_n be_v make_v also_o torrent_n and_o moderate_a or_o indifferent_a river_n in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n india_n peru_n sumatra_n and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o rivulet_n flow_v neither_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o in_o the_o night_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n iii_o most_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o river_n of_o a_o great_a magnitude_n have_v their_o original_a either_o from_o the_o congress_n of_o many_o rivulet_n and_o indifferent_a river_n or_o flow_v from_o lake_n and_o marsh_n for_o no_o river_n of_o any_o considerable_a magnitude_n as_o the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n do_v flow_v from_o one_o fountain_n but_o exist_v from_o many_o small_a spring_n or_o lake_n fountain_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o these_o proceed_n from_o lake_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o river_n the_o river_n volga_n or_o rha_n receive_v two_o hundred_o and_o more_o partly_o rivulet_n and_o partly_o indifferent_a river_n before_o that_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o danube_n as_o many_o before_o she_o flow_v into_o the_o pontus_n and_o although_o that_o pliny_n and_o cardan_n write_v that_o no_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o nile_n yet_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a to_o they_o that_o have_v travel_v in_o abyssine_n the_o proposition_n be_v easy_o prove_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o example_n mountain_n spring_n proceed_v common_o from_o hill_n &_o mountain_n the_o spring_n of_o some_o rivulet_n and_o river_n be_v in_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v place_n and_o some_o on_o a_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o river_n that_o proceed_v from_o lake_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o those_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o such_o lake_n be_v as_o it_o be_v conduit_n and_o effusion_n about_o the_o spring_n before_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n or_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o some_o spring_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n other_o open_z the_o spring_n on_o a_o plane_n be_v of_o those_o river_n from_o which_o tanais_n and_o albis_n exist_v in_o their_o first_o tract_n unto_o which_o other_o do_v accede_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v other_o example_n cardanus_n deny_v â—â—h_v these_o fountain_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o these_o plane_n place_n but_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o spring_n first_o make_v a_o stand_a pool_n or_o marsh_n for_o tanais_n seem_v not_o to_o flow_v from_o a_o spring_n but_o from_o a_o marsh_n or_o some_o less_o profound_a lake_n many_o be_v the_o mountainous_a spring_n of_o rivulet_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o rhine_n po_n danube_n borysthenes_n etc._n etc._n the_o nile_n wolga_n and_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o mode_n by_o which_o from_o one_o fountain_n a_o great_a river_n may_v proceed_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v on_o a_o elevate_v place_n but_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n must_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o inlet_n so_o the_o flow_a water_n first_o in_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n then_o in_o a_o more_o slow_a be_v collect_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o in_o course_n of_o time_n may_v be_v a_o very_a great_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o so_o much_o do_v not_o flow_v out_o in_o the_o first_o generation_n proposition_n iu_o river_n be_v very_o much_o augment_v by_o frequent_a rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o that_o in_o divers_a season_n and_o month_n of_o the_o year_n snow_n river_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o rain_n and_o snow_n so_o in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o chili_n some_o river_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o flow_v not_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n because_o that_o then_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountainâ—_n of_o the_o andes_n through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o river_n both_o in_o the_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n as_o in_o congo_z angola_n and_o the_o like_a be_v big_a in_o the_o day_n than_o in_o the_o night_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o shore_n of_o malabar_n and_o chormandel_n in_o india_n yea_o in_o those_o four_o region_n in_o summer_n time_n the_o river_n be_v almost_o dry_v up_o and_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o wet_a season_n be_v overflow_a so_o wolga_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n abound_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o land_n and_o island_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o water_n in_o the_o other_o month_n the_o sand_n will_v hardly_o admit_v a_o passage_n over_o they_o for_o ship_n that_o be_v lade_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o then_o the_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n whence_o those_o rivulet_n proceed_v which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n so_o the_o nile_n ganges_n indus_n etc._n etc._n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n so_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o land_n but_o these_o augment_v happen_v in_o a_o different_a season_n because_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n and_o divers_a place_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o rain_v be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o winter_n therefore_o river_n be_v more_o high_a at_o the_o season_n except_o another_o cause_n intervene_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o some_o place_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o other_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o other_o in_o the_o intermedial_a time_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v then_o dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o rivulet_n of_o these_o river_n moreover_o some_o river_n especial_o the_o great_a proceed_v from_o remote_a place_n where_o it_o be_v then_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o flow_v and_o those_o variation_n cause_v the_o swell_a of_o river_n in_o divers_a season_n but_o most_o river_n do_v so_o in_o the_o spring_n because_o that_o then_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v in_o most_o place_n the_o variety_n of_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o river_n concern_v that_o peculiar_a spring_n of_o japan_n which_o flow_v every_o day_n only_o for_o two_o hour_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n proposition_n v._o what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o that_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o spring_n or_o whence_o be_v river_n generate_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o spring_n we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o great_a river_n rhine_n albis_n and_o other_o the_o generation_n of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abundance_n of_o water_n seem_v more_o admirable_a than_o that_o of_o rivulet_n but_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_n and_o three_o proposition_n that_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n partly_o from_o lake_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o meeting_n of_o rivulet_n and_o river_n therefore_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n as_o the_o original_a and_o perpetuity_n of_o fountain_n and_o spring_n various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n be_v various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n concern_v it_o be_v various_a 1._o some_o think_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o depth_n be_v about_o two_o ell_n wooden_a step_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o descent_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o sulphureous_a and_o strong_a spirit_n it_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a colour_n in_o some_o red_a in_o other_o white_z the_o cause_n of_o these_o bituminous_a fountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n thrust_v forth_o by_o a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fat_a matter_n themselves_o as_o succinum_fw-la amber_n oil_n of_o petrolei_n pitch_n naptha_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n x._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v find_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v many_o fountain_n and_o well_n in_o the_o region_n of_o india_n on_o the_o choromandel_n have_v bitter_a water_n although_o that_o they_o ebulliate_v in_o and_o flow_v from_o rock_n in_o pontus_n a_o region_n of_o asia_n minor_a a_o little_a river_n term_v exampeus_n at_o the_o town_n callipadus_n be_v very_o bitter_a it_o render_v the_o river_n hypanis_n into_o which_o it_o flow_v also_o very_o bitter_a they_o arise_v from_o impure_a sulphur_n bitumen_n nitre_n ink_n copper_n as_o water_v leave_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n acquire_v a_o bitter_a taste_n the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n which_o be_v call_v mare_n mortuum_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n have_v a_o bitter_a water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o impure_a bitumen_n whence_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fat_a water_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o stink_a scent_n and_o vapour_n all_o thing_n without_o life_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o suffer_v not_o any_o animal_n to_o sink_v neither_o do_v it_o grow_v sweet_a although_o that_o it_o continual_o swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
isle_n esteem_v about_o 1100_o neither_o ought_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o see_v that_o narrow_a euripuse_n pass_v through_o every_o two_o of_o these_o maldivian_n isle_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o exceed_v not_o four_o or_o five_o ell_n but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n many_o of_o they_o unite_v into_o one_o the_o euripus_n be_v diminish_v and_o all_o of_o they_o at_o length_n will_v conjoin_v in_o one_o oblong_v island_n yea_o all_o the_o oriental_a isle_n situate_a between_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n in_o a_o great_a number_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o land_n be_v separate_v for_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v move_v by_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o force_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n that_o be_v from_o america_n to_o those_o oriental_a isle_n moreover_o a_o perpetual_a wind_n great_o augment_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n towards_o that_o oriental_a quarter_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a see_v that_o all_o these_o island_n be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n but_o that_o asia_n former_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o south-land_n or_o that_o of_o magellan_n in_o a_o continual_a tract_n of_o land_n then_o at_o length_n the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n eat_v off_o and_o separate_v sometime_o here_o and_o sometime_o there_o until_o that_o a_o way_n be_v make_v on_o every_o side_n it_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o make_v so_o many_o island_n as_o that_o we_o stand_v amaze_v at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o quarter_n be_v distant_a a_o very_a small_a space_n java_n celebe_n borneo_n madera_n amboina_fw-la etc._n etc._n concern_v the_o island_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n as_o also_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o malacca_n we_o conjecture_v altogether_o the_o same_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n whether_o they_o have_v a_o be_v from_o the_o divulsion_n make_v by_o or_o from_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n flow_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a raise_v up_o of_o contrary_a flood_n or_o after_o the_o former_a mode_n by_o a_o subsidency_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o propontis_n have_v carry_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n as_o yet_o i_o doubt_v it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o a_o divulsion_n be_v make_v and_o peradventure_o that_o famous_a inundation_n of_o deucalion_n here_o also_o exercise_v its_o force_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o isle_n euboea_n at_o this_o day_n call_v negropont_n do_v former_o adhere_v to_o greece_n as_o author_n of_o no_o mean_a credit_n do_v relate_v for_o so_o small_a a_o euripus_n interflow_v that_o it_o may_v be_v join_v by_o a_o bridge_n we_o shall_v show_v that_o island_n may_v be_v make_v of_o sand-bank_n by_o many_o example_n so_o the_o island_n in_o the_o river_n nile_n and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n be_v former_o sand-bank_n river_n make_v island_n after_o another_o manner_n when_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n which_o they_o receive_v into_o themselves_o in_o another_o place_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o wolga_n tanais_n and_o other_o place_n that_o this_o be_v not_o do_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v the_o river_n ob_fw-la do_v the_o same_o these_o two_o river_n rengo_n and_o coanza_n make_v the_o isle_n loanda_n situate_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o place_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o bring_v great_a store_n of_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n with_o they_o they_o fall_v with_o a_o exceed_a force_n from_o mountainous_a place_n so_o that_o they_o lest_o this_o and_o as_o yet_o the_o same_o in_o their_o inlet_n and_o so_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v the_o island_n landa_n first_o make_v a_o sand-bank_n now_o most_o fertile_a and_o likewise_o populous_a and_o so_o we_o suppose_v that_o many_o sand-bank_n former_o make_v the_o island_n situate_v at_o the_o coast_n although_o that_o some_o be_v also_o cause_v by_o a_o divulsion_n make_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o norway_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n of_o generation_n of_o island_n in_o stony_a and_o rocky_a isle_n but_o in_o the_o indian_a sea_n island_n may_v have_v a_o original_a both_o by_o divulsion_n and_o subsidence_n or_o sink_v of_o matter_n because_o that_o whilst_o it_o force_v away_o it_o also_o eat_v between_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o at_o length_n it_o put_v in_o another_o place_n unto_o this_o many_o furious_a wind_n which_o be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n from_o may_n to_o september_n do_v much_o conduce_v for_o by_o these_o the_o sea_n be_v mighty_o trouble_v so_o that_o the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v separate_v from_o its_o bottom_n and_o from_o other_o region_n which_o matter_n be_v force_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n so_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n of_o goa_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o winter-wind_n from_o may_n to_o september_n be_v so_o obstruct_v with_o congest_a heap_n of_o sand_n that_o they_o hardly_o afford_v a_o passage_n to_o small_a vessel_n so_o these_o heap_n of_o sand_n shut_v up_o the_o port_n of_o cocin_n on_o those_o month_n so_o that_o neither_o small_a nor_o great_a vessel_n can_v pass_v for_o a_o continual_a rain_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o a_o frequent_a ecnephias_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n from_o a_o cloud_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n from_o the_o cloud_n which_o be_v behold_v to_o hang_v as_o it_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o gatis_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o with_o that_o violence_n that_o it_o carry_v much_o sand_n with_o it_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n resist_v which_o sand_n when_o that_o the_o winter_n end_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o port_n be_v open_v there_o be_v some_o land_n so_o nigh_o the_o shore_n that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v make_v they_o island_n and_o in_o the_o reflux_n they_o be_v in_o appearance_n part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o if_o that_o the_o interpose_a channel_n acquire_v a_o great_a altitude_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n at_o length_n the_o flux_n of_o water_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o island_n become_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n without_o reciprocal_a mutation_n and_o also_o the_o nile_n overflow_a egypt_n every_o year_n cause_v the_o city_n and_o hill_n of_o egypt_n then_o to_o seem_v island_n so_o the_o river_n wolga_n do_v so_o increase_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o sand_n and_o island_n and_o many_o of_o the_o isle_n that_o adjoyn_v unto_o india_n become_v sands_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n where_o that_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o ganges_n do_v overflow_v the_o region_n proposition_n xiii_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o mode_n beside_o the_o two_o already_o relate_v by_o which_o island_n have_v a_o be_v or_o original_a viz._n for_o the_o coherent_a earth_n sudden_o to_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o superficies_n original_a another_o mode_n by_o which_o island_n have_v a_o original_a other_o suppose_v this_o mode_n and_o that_o not_o undeserved_o to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o fabulous_a grecian_n and_o poet_n but_o seneca_n a_o grave_a author_n relate_v that_o the_o island_n thracia_n in_o his_o time_n spring_v up_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n whilst_o that_o the_o mariner_n look_v on_o although_o therefore_o that_o very_o few_o example_n of_o such_o production_n of_o island_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v impossible_a for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o porous_a spungy_a sulphureous_a earth_n do_v exist_v as_o there_o be_v a_o various_a difference_n and_o mixture_n of_o sight_n earth_n which_o even_o now_o have_v increase_v to_o a_o notable_a altitude_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o it_o yet_o remain_v beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n now_o if_o that_o such_o a_o sand_n or_o earth_n adhere_v less_o firm_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v be_v separate_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o that_o it_o be_v little_o light_a than_o the_o water_n or_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o levity_n therefore_o it_o will_v ascend_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o sudden_o a_o island_n will_v seem_v to_o spring_v up_o or_o a_o spirit_n or_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o may_v send_v forth_o such_o a_o island_n above_o the_o water_n for_o great_a be_v the_o force_n of_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o require_v a_o large_a space_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o
earthquake_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o sometime_o mountain_n be_v send_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sometime_o swallow_v up_o the_o same_o be_v manifest_a from_o warlike_a mine_n where_o the_o wind_n break_v up_o great_a tower_n and_o wall_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o air._n if_o that_o therefore_o such_o a_o island_n of_o a_o sudden_a spring_a in_o the_o sea_n adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v necessary_o say_v that_o it_o be_v force_v upward_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o subterraneous_a wind_n as_o some_o write_v that_o mountain_n sometime_o be_v thrust_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o that_o it_o no_o long_o adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o the_o wind_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n may_v separate_v it_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o at_o length_n by_o its_o own_o levity_n it_o be_v carry_v upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n proposition_n fourteen_o whence_o another_o doubt_n do_v arise_v viz._n whether_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a island_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o thales_n suppose_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n it_o be_v sufficient_o refute_v see_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v continuous_a to_o the_o land_n but_o reason_n persuade_v we_o that_o there_o may_v be_v swim_v island_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o sulphureous_a seneca_n add_v experience_n for_o he_o say_v that_o he_o see_v the_o isle_n catylias_n swim_v which_o have_v tree_n and_o bring_v forth_o grass_n and_o herb_n that_o the_o water_n sustain_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o drive_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o the_o wind_n but_o also_o by_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v not_o in_o one_o station_n either_o by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n moreover_o there_o be_v another_o island_n in_o the_o lake_n vadimon_n another_o in_o the_o lake_n station_n so_o the_o ancient_n relate_v that_o delos_n and_o all_o the_o cyclades_n former_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n neither_o may_v you_o object_v why_o do_v not_o those_o island_n swim_v at_o this_o day_n for_o unto_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a that_o such_o a_o swim_a can_v continue_v long_o for_o see_v that_o those_o island_n almost_o touch_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o they_o be_v carry_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v to_o the_o sand_n or_o channel_n especial_o if_o that_o they_o come_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o two_o sand_n that_o motion_n be_v stop_v and_o other_o collect_v earth_n be_v unite_v with_o this_o sand-bank_n or_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o swim_v island_n they_o become_v firm_a in_o fondura_fw-it a_o country_n in_o america_n at_o this_o day_n be_v a_o lake_n in_o which_o be_v many_o hill_n which_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n be_v a_o isle_n that_o swime_v and_o be_v move_v about_o although_o that_o it_o be_v apt_a for_o pasturage_n as_o boetius_fw-la write_v hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o the_o acid_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v extant_a on_o the_o superficies_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v how_o the_o ocean_n and_o water_n may_v change_v their_o place_n and_o possess_v new_a proposition_n xv._o rivers_n possess_v certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o and_o that_o for_o divers_a reason_n before_o certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o river_n possess_v which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o arise_v from_o their_o fountain_n and_o receive_v a_o channel_n either_o from_o nature_n or_o by_o art_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o river_n make_v another_o channel_n for_o itself_o or_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o itself_o which_o be_v most_o common_o do_v by_o man_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v bring_v part_n of_o the_o river_n unto_o city_n or_o into_o another_o river_n example_n of_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v in_o the_o forecited_a chapter_n 3._o if_o that_o river_n more_o and_o more_o possess_v the_o bank_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n which_o happen_v 1._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v high_a from_o the_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sand._n 2._o if_o that_o it_o eat_v off_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n by_o its_o swift_a course_n 3._o if_o that_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o another_o river_n and_o by_o a_o abundance_n of_o rain_n or_o a_o exhydria_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n accompany_v with_o a_o mighty_a fall_n of_o water_n 4._o if_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o earth_n which_o if_o not_o go_v back_o again_o but_o do_v more_o and_o more_o augment_v they_o become_v lake_n or_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a channel_n the_o water_n be_v effuse_v into_o the_o field_n become_v a_o marsh_n if_o that_o there_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o it_o corollary_n it_o be_v probable_a therefore_o then_o that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n in_o which_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o rhine_n elbe_n and_o the_o nile_n possess_v as_o also_o other_o river_n be_v dry_a and_o possess_v by_o the_o earth_n proposition_n xvi_o lake_n marsh_n and_o standing-pool_n occupy_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o before_o they_o possess_v not_o not_o lake_n marsh_n and_o pool_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o former_o they_o do_v not_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o spring_v up_o and_o be_v augment_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o abundance_n of_o rain_n fall_v 3._o if_o that_o river_n bring_v store_n of_o water_n with_o force_n into_o the_o lake_n 4._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v more_o high_a 5._o if_o that_o the_o lake_n be_v agitate_a by_o often_o and_o more_o vehement_a flood_n by_o degree_n do_v more_o eat_v the_o bank_n and_o cover_v the_o land_n with_o water_n so_o the_o lake_n of_o harlem_n within_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n have_v extend_v beyond_o its_o former_a bank_n about_o the_o space_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o lake_n zaire_n lemanus_n parina_n harlem_n maeotis_n or_o the_o marsh_n of_o westphalia_n and_o all_o other_o former_o possess_v be_v dry_a land_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o ocean_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v possess_v land_n possess_v by_o the_o ocean_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v this_o happen_v after_o various_a manner_n 1._o when_o that_o break_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n it_o make_v streights_n and_o gulf_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o arabian_a that_o of_o bengala_n camboja_n and_o such_o like_a so_o the_o straight_a between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n between_o geilan_n and_o india_n between_o greece_n and_o euboeja_n between_o manilla_fw-la and_o magellan_n and_o also_o the_o danish_a etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v it_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v so_o generate_v and_o that_o america_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o old_a world_n or_o at_o least_o from_o europe_n which_o some_o do_v the_o more_o easy_o embrace_v that_o they_o may_v thence_o only_o deduct_v the_o original_a of_o the_o american_n nation_n from_o adam_n indeed_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n relate_v unto_o solon_n about_o six_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dialogue_n of_o plato_n term_v timon_n that_o there_o be_v former_o opposite_a to_o the_o herculean_a streight_n of_o gibraltar_n a_o isle_n big_a than_o asia_n and_o europe_n together_o call_v atlantis_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a earthquake_n and_o a_o great_a deluge_n of_o one_o day_n and_o one_o night_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o narration_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o egyptian_n there_o be_v a_o fame_n especial_o among_o those_o that_o be_v learned_a of_o the_o separation_n of_o america_n from_o our_o world_n make_v many_o age_n before_o but_o it_o be_v far_o more_o likely_a that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o america_n in_o which_o be_v new_a france_n new_a england_n canada_n and_o the_o like_a do_v in_o former_a age_n adhere_v to_o ireland_n the_o ancient_n write_v that_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n be_v dug_n through_o by_o hercules_n 2._o when_o with_o a_o violent_a wind_n the_o ocean_n be_v force_v and_o overflow_v the_o land_n by_o break_v through_o or_o over_o the_o bank_n that_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n there_o be_v
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
be_v say_v to_o be_v like_a unto_o it_o then_o after_o a_o while_n the_o cloud_n augment_v and_o extend_v itself_o over_o the_o whole_a plain_a of_o the_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o ecnephias_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o it_o oversetteth_a and_o send_v to_o the_o bottom_n ship_n that_o be_v unprovided_a and_o not_o well_o strengthen_v but_o seaman_n be_v now_o more_o cautious_a when_o that_o they_o once_o discover_v that_o bull_n or_o oxes-eye_n present_o depart_v from_o the_o shoar_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o furl_v their_o sail_n and_o use_v other_o artifices_fw-la to_o preserve_v their_o ship_n neither_o do_v this_o prognostic_n ever_o fail_v therefore_o they_o fly_v this_o deadly_a banquet_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n a_o ecnephias_n rage_v at_o terra_fw-la de_fw-la nata_fw-la the_o bulls-eye_n fore-runing_a it_o by_o which_o many_o ship_n have_v be_v cast_v away_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o whole_a tract_n between_o that_o and_z and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o be_v a_o standing-pool_n from_o whence_o all_o tempest_n seem_v to_o arise_v in_o these_o place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v procreate_v a_o cloudy_a exhalation_n which_o foreshow_v immediate_o thunder_n or_o storm_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o sea_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n and_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la such_o ecnephiae_fw-la and_o travado_n be_v frequent_a especial_o in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o no_o wind_n blow_v constant_o or_o if_o they_o do_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o viz._n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n in_o other_o month_n it_o be_v more_o rare_a and_o they_o be_v very_o observable_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n the_o portugal_n as_o i_o have_v say_v call_v they_o travado_n which_o word_n also_o the_o dutch_a keep_v but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o guinea_n call_v they_o agremonte_n they_o often_o happen_v viz._n three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o a_o day_n by_o and_o by_o they_o cease_v for_o they_o continue_v for_o the_o most_o part_n above_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a but_o the_o first_o shock_n be_v very_o violent_a they_o break_v out_o of_o black_a and_o dusty_a cloud_n the_o sky_n be_v clear_a at_o hand_n by_o their_o assistance_n seaman_n oftentimes_o pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o other_o continual_a wind_n be_v often_o want_v there_o especial_o in_o those_o three_o month_n neither_o do_v they_o hinder_v ship_n to_o sail_n except_o at_o the_o first_o onset_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v near_o to_o that_o part_n of_o africa_n in_o which_o the_o kingdom_n of_o loango_n be_v situate_v there_o be_v a_o frequent_a ecnephias_n in_o january_n february_n march_n and_o april_n so_o on_o the_o promontory_n of_o africa_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_n aromata_n and_o now_o guardafu_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n in_o may_n every_o year_n the_o northwind_n rage_v and_o a_o most_o violent_a ecnephias_n for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o as_o some_o anniversary_n wind_n be_v less_o violent_a so_o also_o tempest_n and_o ecnephiae_fw-la be_v anniversary_n in_o some_o place_n in_o such_o a_o ecnephias_n not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n the_o portugal_n admiral_n sodrens_n be_v lose_v anno_fw-la 1505_o who_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o african_n will_v not_o follow_v good_a advice_n but_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o arabian_a sea_n as_o also_o in_o arabia_n and_o aethiopia_n a_o peculiar_a and_o wonderful_a ecnephias_n do_v somewhat_o happen_v viz._n a_o thick_a and_o black_a cloud_n mix_v with_o nubicular_a flame_n like_v to_o a_o burn_a furnace_n dismal_a to_o behold_v cloud_v the_o day_n in_o darkness_n of_o a_o instant_n a_o storm_n break_v forth_o the_o rage_n or_o which_o be_v by_o and_o by_o pacify_v but_o it_o cast_v forth_o red_a sand_n in_o great_a abundance_n on_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o arabian_n say_v that_o it_o have_v often_o happen_v that_o such_o storm_n of_o sand_n have_v overwhelm_v the_o annual_a company_n of_o merchant_n and_o traveller_n with_o their_o camel_n they_o term_v they_o carawanen_n caravan_n or_o cassila_n viz._n every_o year_n once_o or_o twice_o merchant_n be_v meet_v together_o from_o divers_a part_n of_o asia_n in_o syria_n go_v from_o aleppo_n into_o arabia_n about_o six_o thousand_o person_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o wont_a robbery_n of_o the_o arabian_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o way_n cause_v they_o to_o fear_v to_o travel_v alone_o which_o also_o they_o do_v from_o india_n to_o china_n and_o tartary_n and_o thence_o they_o say_v that_o the_o mumia_fw-la of_o the_o arabian_n and_o egyptian_n have_v its_o original_n viz._n those_o body_n cover_v with_o the_o drift_n of_o sand_n are-dried_n up_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o this_o ecnephias_n arise_v from_o the_o northern_a quarter_n into_o which_o the_o red-sea_n be_v extend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o see_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v sound_a on_o the_o shore_n of_o this_o sea_n that_o it_o be_v raise_v aloft_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o thence_o that_o red_a colour_n be_v see_v in_o the_o cloud_n and_o thence_o also_o the_o sand_n be_v eject_v from_o the_o cloud_n that_o such_o a_o ecnephias_n arise_v in_o lybia_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v not_o improbable_a and_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n who_o therefore_o write_v that_o the_o access_n to_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n ammon_n in_o lybia_n be_v difficult_a neither_o be_v they_o altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o generation_n of_o mumia_fw-la twistius_n a_o dutchman_n that_o live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o india_n say_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzurat_a cloud_n of_o sand_n or_o a_o huge_a quantity_n of_o dust_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v oftentimes_o overwhelm_v the_o traveller_n now_o we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o tempestuous_a wind_n whence_o the_o ecnephias_n proceed_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o break_v forth_o of_o a_o cloud_n now_o there_o be_v two_o modes_n by_o which_o such_o a_o wind_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v from_o a_o cloud_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o cloud_n tend_v downward_o by_o its_o gravity_n strike_v the_o air_n with_o a_o great_a force_n as_o we_o discover_v by_o experience_n if_o that_o stretch_v forth_o sail_n fall_v the_o air_n be_v move_v with_o a_o impetus_fw-la and_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o cloud_n or_o bulls-eye_n appear_v less_o by_o so_o much_o the_o storm_n be_v the_o great_a that_o follow_v viz._n because_o that_o the_o cloud_n be_v more_o high_a and_o therefore_o appear_v small_a and_o descend_v down_o from_o a_o high_a place_n it_o more_o vehement_o strike_v the_o air_n the_o other_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o generation_n if_o that_o the_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o cloud_n break_v forth_o sudden_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o fire_n or_o sulphureous_a matter_n the_o way_n be_v render_v straight_o and_o other_o outlet_n be_v restrain_v the_o vapour_n strike_v as_o from_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o narrow_a mouth_n contain_v water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v heap_v the_o wind_n break_v forth_o but_o the_o first_o cause_n seem_v more_o probable_a proposition_n xi_o a_o exhydrias_n be_v a_o wind_n break_v from_o a_o cloud_n with_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n exhydrias_n a_o wind_n call_v a_o exhydrias_n it_o be_v little_a different_a from_o a_o ecnephias_n but_o that_o the_o cloud_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o break_v be_v now_o condense_a into_o water_n and_o so_o long_o uphold_v by_o other_o circumstantial_a cloud_n and_o peradventure_o force_v into_o one_o by_o the_o wind_n until_o by_o its_o ponderosity_n it_o rush_v downward_o and_o strike_v the_o air_n whence_o a_o great_a wind_n proceed_v but_o these_o exhydrias_n be_v very_o rare_a yet_o the_o ecnephias_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ra_n shower_n or_o thick_a cloud_n accompany_v he_o and_o therefore_o only_o differ_v from_o the_o exhydrias_n according_a to_o the_o more_o or_o the_o less_o for_o a_o nimbus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a rain_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o general_a than_o a_o ecnephias_n but_o a_o exhydrias_n oftentimes_o fall_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o top_n proposition_n xii_o a_o typhon_n be_v a_o violent_a wind_n pass_v swift_o through_o all_o the_o quarter_n about_o a_o place_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n rush_v from_o the_o top_n typhon_n a_o wind_n call_v a_o typhon_n the_o saracen_n call_v it_o olifant_n the_o
food_n for_o three_o day_n there_o be_v likewise_o 200_o banias_n or_o stew_n 200_o inn_n of_o which_o some_o have_v more_o than_o 100_o chamber_n 400_o mill_n which_o daily_o work_v 1200_o mule_n among_o its_o college_n the_o build_n of_o that_o of_o king_n hahu_fw-mi henon_n cost_v 500_o thousand_o duckat_n be_v a_o most_o curious_a and_o delicate_a building_n all_o enrich_v with_o mosaicque_a work_n of_o gold_n azure_a and_o marble_n its_o gate_n be_v of_o brass_n in_o this_o college_n be_v abundance_n of_o stately_a building_n as_o cloister_n hall_n baines_n hospital_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v a_o stately_a library_n in_o which_o beside_o other_o book_n be_v 20000_o volume_n in_o manuscript_n they_o have_v 150_o public_a necessary_a house_n build_v so_o commodious_o that_o the_o water_n carry_v away_o the_o ordure_n to_o its_o wall_n it_o have_v 86_o gate_n which_o serve_v for_o entrance_n into_o the_o city_n south_n east_n of_o the_o old_a fez_n be_v the_o new_a city_n fiz_n the_o new_a city_n of_o fiz_n at_o a_o mile_n or_o 1200_o pace_n distance_n this_o be_v almost_o only_o for_o the_o house_n and_o for_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n the_o palace_n where_o he_o ordinary_o reside_v and_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o principal_a lord_n the_o mint_n a_o stately_a temple_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o the_o first_o quarter_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o second_o and_o the_o king_n guard_n alone_o have_v former_o the_o three_o now_o a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o last_o quarter_n be_v possess_v by_o jew_n and_o goldsmith_n and_o part_n of_o the_o second_o by_o divers_a merchant_n and_o artisan_n in_o this_o city_n of_o fez_n as_o general_o throughout_o these_o part_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o conjurer_n fortune-teller_n juggler_n and_o enchanter_n who_o be_v in_o some_o war_n esteem_v among_o they_o it_o be_v people_n be_v of_o a_o duskish_a or_o blackish_a complexion_n of_o sly_a stature_n tall_a and_o well_o proportion_v they_o be_v of_o a_o active_a disposition_n for_o and_o horse-manship_a otherwise_o excessive_a idle_a they_o be_v very_o subtle_a close_o perfidious_a inconstant_a proud_a much_o addict_v to_o luxury_n and_o therefore_o by_o consequence_n very_o jealous_a of_o their_o wife_n who_o they_o keep_v with_o great_a severity_n and_o that_o the_o more_o according_a to_o their_o external_a grace_n they_o be_v very_o revengeful_a if_o injure_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v reconcile_v in_o their_o gait_n they_o have_v much_o of_o the_o spaniard_n in_o they_o in_o their_o apparel_n they_o go_v very_o sumptuous_a and_o rich_a but_o their_o food_n be_v but_o very_o gross_a religion_n their_o religion_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n they_o be_v either_o mahometan_n or_o heathen_n and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n incline_v to_o literature_n and_o arts._n justice_n their_o magistrate_n and_o justice_n in_o this_o city_n be_v four_o sort_n of_o magistrate_n one_o for_o the_o canon-law_n one_o for_o the_o civil-law_n another_o for_o marriage_n and_o divorcement_n and_o another_o as_o a_o advocate_n to_o who_o they_o make_v their_o appeal_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o severe_a according_a to_o the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o offence_n in_o their_o marriage_n they_o observe_v many_o ceremony_n as_o be_v agree_v they_o be_v accompany_v to_o the_o church_n by_o their_o parent_n relation_n and_o friend_n which_o ceremony_n be_v end_v they_o be_v invite_v to_o two_o banquet_n the_o one_o at_o the_o bridegroom_n cost_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o bride_n relation_n which_o be_v do_v the_o bridegroom_n cause_v the_o bride_n to_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o house_n with_o music_n and_o torch_n be_v accompany_v with_o their_o friend_n and_o be_v enter_v the_o house_n she_o be_v immediate_o lead_v to_o the_o chamber_n door_n and_o deliver_v by_o her_o father_n brother_n or_o some_o of_o her_o kindred_n to_o his_o mother_n if_o live_v who_o there_o wait_v for_o her_o come_n who_o immediate_o be_v redeliver_v to_o he_o who_o forthwith_o conduct_n she_o to_o a_o private_a chamber_n where_o he_o enjoy_v she_o and_o if_o she_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o virgin_n which_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o blood_n which_o will_v proceed_v which_o perceive_v they_o dry_v up_o with_o a_o napkin_n and_o carry_v in_o their_o hand_n to_o show_v the_o company_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o then_o they_o make_v feast_n and_o be_v very_o merry_a but_o if_o she_o be_v contrary_a and_o that_o no_o blood_n be_v cause_v than_o they_o judge_v her_o virginity_n lose_v and_o thereupon_o the_o marriage_n be_v frustrate_v and_o with_o great_a disgrace_n she_o be_v turn_v home_o to_o her_o parent_n this_o with_o several_a other_o ceremony_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o widow_n here_o the_o woman_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o friend_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o habit_n themselves_o in_o sackcloth_n and_o ash_n and_o sing_v a_o funeral_n dirge_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o verse_n howl_v and_o cry_v and_o this_o they_o do_v for_o seven_o day_n together_o during_o which_o time_n her_o friend_n send_v in_o provision_n and_o come_v and_o comfort_v she_o for_o their_o custom_n be_v not_o to_o have_v any_o meat_n dress_v in_o the_o house_n of_o mourn_v during_o the_o say_a time_n especial_o until_o the_o corpse_n be_v inter_v 1._o the_o city_n of_o mahmora_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portugal_n in_o 1515_o be_v present_o retake_v by_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n who_o defeat_v 10000_o christian_n and_o gain_v 60_o piece_n of_o artillery_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n likewise_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o 1614_o and_o have_v fortify_v it_o because_o of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o port._n 2._o sala_n or_o sally_n have_v be_v the_o residence_n of_o some_o king_n of_o fez._n it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o city_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a and_o have_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o english_a french_a hollander_n and_o genovese_n it_o be_v fortress_n be_v on_o a_o rise_a ground_n with_o a_o high_a tower_n which_o discover_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o castle_n the_o king_n mansor_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n have_v their_o magnificent_a tomb_n the_o place_n be_v take_v by_o the_o castilian_n and_o retake_v from_o they_o some_o year_n past_a and_o afterward_o abundance_n of_o the_o moor_n of_o granado_n drive_v from_o spain_n retire_v thither_o have_v fortify_v and_o enrich_v it_o with_o their_o piracy_n 3._o mechnese_a between_o sally_n and_o fez_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o plain_a where_o for_o 5_o or_o 6000_o pace_n there_o be_v only_a garden_n fill_v with_o excellent_a fruit_n the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v its_o street_n large_a and_o well_o order_v its_o inhabitant_n liberal_a and_o civil_a but_o always_o in_o jealousy_n against_o those_o of_o fez._n divers_a aqueduct_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o city_n and_o furnish_v the_o temple_n bains_n hospital_n and_o college_n and_o private_a house_n asgar_n be_v a_o province_n between_o the_o river_n of_o suba_fw-la asgar_n province_n of_o asgar_n and_o lusus_fw-la or_o lixa_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n it_o extend_v itself_o far_o up_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o fez_n and_o have_v fair_a and_o fertile_a field_n with_o a_o air_n so_o pleasant_a that_o former_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n pass_v here_o a_o part_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o hunt_v 1._o elgiumha_n or_o elgiuhma_n in_o the_o way_n from_o fez_n to_o larrache_n and_o former_o the_o fair_a of_o the_o province_n serve_v now_o only_o as_o the_o granary_n where_o the_o arab_n store_n up_o their_o corn._n 2._o casarel-cabir_a a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n which_o mansor_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v between_o the_o fen_n the_o forest_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n may_v now_o have_v about_o 1500_o house_n adorn_v with_o a_o stately_a hospital_n a_o college_n and_o many_o temple_n the_o battle_n which_o don_n sebastian_n king_n of_o portugal_n lose_v be_v here_o fight_v in_o which_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o three_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n which_o that_o day_n meet_v all_o die_v viz._n don_n sebastian_n of_o portugal_n in_o the_o field_n of_o the_o battle_n muley_n mahomet_n of_o fez_n in_o favour_n of_o who_o don_n sebastian_n pass_v into_o africa_n be_v drown_v pass_v the_o river_n of_o mucazin_n to_o save_v himself_o in_o arzile_n and_o abdelmelech_n of_o morocco_n the_o conqueror_n die_v with_o labour_n and_o pain_n or_o with_o the_o sickness_n with_o which_o he_o be_v seize_v before_o the_o battle_n all_o three_o competitor_n for_o this_o kingdom_n with_o several_a other_o of_o eminent_a quality_n 3._o lharais_n or_o larrache_n once_o lixos_n which_o some_o among_o the_o ancient_n say_v be_v great_a than_o the_o great_a
grand_a cairo_n and_o in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o asp_n tortoise_n craw-fish_n crocodile_n etc._n etc._n who_o remove_v their_o egg_n or_o young_a from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nile_n immediate_o before_o the_o inundation_n and_o lay_v they_o there_o where_o it_o will_v bind_v they_o give_v judgement_n whether_o there_o will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o water_n and_o the_o people_n be_v advertise_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v take_v order_n for_o what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v the_o king_n maeris_n have_v express_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n the_o lake_n of_o maeris_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n when_o it_o have_v too_o much_o or_o to_o furnish_v it_o when_o too_o little_a at_o present_a they_o remedy_v it_o when_o little_a by_o channel_n advance_v towards_o the_o high_a country_n that_o they_o may_v be_v water_v when_o too_o much_o by_o certain_a floodgate_n which_o they_o open_v to_o let_v the_o water_n slide_v away_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o inundation_n be_v that_o all_o that_o the_o nile_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n be_v make_v fruitful_a and_o no_o more_o it_o rain_n sometime_o in_o the_o low_a egypt_n very_o little_a in_o the_o high_a and_o not_o sufficient_a to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o when_o the_o nile_n increase_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a it_o do_v hurt_v at_o 12_o cubit_n it_o be_v yet_o famine_n at_o 15_o or_o 16_o sufficient_a at_o 18_o or_o 20_o abundance_n the_o little_a can_v moisten_v the_o high_a land_n and_o near_a the_o mountain_n that_o which_o lie_v too_o long_o leave_v not_o time_n to_o sow_v the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o the_o too_o much_o and_o often_o beside_o the_o famine_n presage_v some_o other_o misfortune_n near_o so_o before_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n there_o be_v little_a before_o that_o of_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n none_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o dew_n which_o cause_v this_o inundation_n be_v imperceptible_a as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v he_o assure_v we_o however_o that_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o air_n be_v purify_v and_o all_o disease_n and_o pestilential_a fever_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v there_o very_o rife_a cease_v which_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o these_o water_n be_v excellent_a and_o indeed_o all_o author_n agree_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v sweet_a healthful_a nourish_a and_o that_o they_o keep_v a_o long_a time_n without_o corrupt_v so_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o mud_n and_o sand_n they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o from_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v the_o first_o king_n of_o egypt_n make_v so_o much_o account_n of_o they_o nourish_a it_o be_v water_n exceed_o nourish_a that_o they_o drink_v nothing_o else_o than_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n and_o when_o philadelphus_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n theos_n king_n of_o assyria_n he_o give_v order_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v the_o water_n of_o nile_n carry_v she_o that_o she_o may_v drink_v no_o other_o and_o the_o fruitfulness_n which_o these_o water_n cause_n be_v not_o only_o know_v by_o their_o make_v the_o earth_n so_o exceed_o fertile_a which_o otherwise_o be_v as_o barren_a so_o that_o if_o they_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n but_o throw_n in_o their_o seed_n they_o have_v four_o rich_a harvest_n in_o less_o than_o four_o month_n and_o in_o that_o they_o produce_v and_o nourish_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o strange_a creature_n as_o crocodile_n which_o from_o a_o egg_n no_o big_a than_o that_o of_o a_o goose_n come_v to_o be_v 20_o 25_o and_o sometime_o to_o 30_o foot_n long_o his_o foot_n be_v arm_v with_o claw_n his_o back_n and_o sides_n with_o scale_n so_o hear_v not_o to_o be_v pierce_v but_o his_o belly_n soft_a and_o tender_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o receive_v many_o time_n his_o death_n wound_n his_o mouth_n be_v exceed_o wide_a have_v no_o tongue_n his_o jaw_n very_o strong_a and_o arm_v with_o a_o sharp_a set_v of_o tooth_n as_o it_o be_v indent_v his_o tail_n be_v equal_a to_o his_o body_n in_o length_n by_o which_o he_o infold_v his_o prey_n and_o draw_v it_o in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o take_n of_o his_o prey_n he_o give_v jump_n and_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a while_n ere_o he_o can_v turn_v himself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o just_a before_o he_o it_o may_v escape_v he_o four_o month_n in_o the_o year_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o eat_v nothing_o which_o be_v during_o the_o winter_n season_n the_o female_a be_v say_v to_o lay_v one_o hundred_o egg_n at_o one_o time_n which_o she_o be_v as_o many_o day_n a_o hatch_n and_o they_o will_v live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n and_o grow_v to_o the_o last_o also_o this_o river_n breed_v river-horse_n of_o old_a call_v hippopotami_n they_o have_v great_a head_n wide_a jaw_n and_o arm_v with_o tusk_n as_o white_a as_o ivory_n they_o be_v proportion_v like_o a_o swine_n but_o as_o big_a in_o body_n as_o a_o cow_n smooth_v skin_v but_o exceed_v hard_a also_o river-bull_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o calf_n of_o a_o twelve_o month_n old_a and_o in_o shape_n like_o a_o bull._n also_o here_o be_v find_v abundance_n of_o great_a and_o small_a fish_n and_o last_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o these_o water_n be_v show_v in_o that_o the_o woman_n and_o cattle_n which_o drink_v thereof_o be_v very_o fruitful_a ordinary_o bring_v forth_o their_o child_n and_o young_a by_o two_o and_o three_o and_o sometime_o by_o four_o and_o five_o at_o a_o time_n there_o be_v yet_o many_o fine_a thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o nile_n as_o its_o divers_a name_n its_o cataract_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o have_v likewise_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v say_v of_o egypt_n which_o have_v be_v famous_a in_o holy_a writ_n as_o well_o as_o in_o profane_a and_o which_o will_v swell_v into_o a_o volume_n let_v we_o end_v with_o say_v something_o of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n what_o commodity_n it_o produce_v and_o communicate_v to_o other_o country_n it_o be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o several_a metal_n commodity_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o commodity_n the_o ground_n along_o the_o nile_n produce_v abundance_n of_o corn_n rice_n pulse_n and_o other_o grain_n that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o granary_n of_o the_o turkish_a as_o it_o be_v former_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o it_o feed_v much_o cattle_n produce_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n have_v store_n of_o fowl_n yield_v excellent_a fruit_n lemon_n orange_n citron_n pomegranate_n figgs_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n also_o caper_n olive_n flax_n sugar_n cassia_n sena_n oil_n balsam_n some_o drug_n and_o spice_n wax_v civet_n elephant_n tooth_n silk_n cotton_n linen_n cloth_n with_o several_a good_a manufacture_n also_o hide_v beside_o the_o ash_n of_o two_o little_a weed_n grow_v about_o alexandria_n whereof_o quantity_n be_v transport_v to_o venice_n and_o without_o which_o they_o can_v make_v their_o chrystal-glass_n we_o may_v add_v that_o incense_n coffee_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o arabia_n and_o india_n pass_v through_o this_o country_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o western_a part_n of_o turkey_n throughout_o the_o country_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o palm-tree_n etc._n its_o palm-tree_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o grow_a etc._n etc._n which_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o for_o several_a reason_n these_o tree_n be_v observe_v always_o to_o grow_v in_o couple_n male_a and_o female_a they_o both_o thrust_v forth_o cod_n full_a of_o seed_n but_o the_o female_a be_v only_o fruitful_a but_o not_o except_o it_o grow_v by_o the_o male_a and_o have_v his_o seed_n mix_v with_o she_o which_o they_o do_v not_o fail_v to_o do_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n the_o fruit_n it_o bear_v be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o date_n which_o in_o taste_n resemble_v figs._n the_o pith_n of_o these_o tree_n be_v white_a and_o call_v the_o brain_n which_o be_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o excellent_a salad_n in_o taste_n much_o like_o a_o artichoke_n of_o the_o branch_n they_o make_v bedstead_n lattice_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o outward_a husk_n of_o the_o cod_n cordage_n of_o the_o inner_a brush_n and_o of_o the_o leave_n fan_n feather_n mat_n basket_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v hold_v among_o they_o to_o be_v the_o perfect_a image_n of_o a_o man_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o do_v not_o fructify_v but_o by_o coiture_fw-fr next_o as_o have_v a_o brain_n in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n which_o if_o once_o corrupt_v as_o man_n do_v perish_v and_o die_v and_o last_o in_o regard_n that_o
with_o the_o monomotapa_a of_o which_o he_o seem_v once_o to_o have_v be_v a_o part_n be_v in_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o zanguebar_v that_o he_o may_v have_v commerce_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o he_o have_v much_o gold_n silver_n ivory_n and_o the_o same_o commodity_n as_o monomotapa_a but_o its_o people_n be_v more_o barbarous_a and_o brutish_a the_o chief_a place_n in_o the_o monoemugi_a be_v agag_n astagoa_n leuma_n camur_fw-la beif_fw-mi bagametro_n and_o zembre_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n zaire_n cafreria_n or_o the_o land_n of_o cafres_n describe_v the_o land_n of_o cafreria_n describe_v cafreria_n or_o the_o land_n of_o cafres_n make_v the_o most_o southern_a coast_n of_o all_o aethiopia_n wind_v like_o a_o semicircle_n about_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n some_o begin_v it_o from_o cape_n negro_n and_o continue_v it_o unto_o the_o river_n of_o cuama_n this_o separate_n it_o from_o zanguebar_v and_o the_o other_o from_o congo_n or_o what_o we_o have_v esteem_v with_o congo_n other_o begin_v it_o and_o end_n it_o with_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n as_o well_o on_o this_o side_n as_o beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n i_o esteem_v under_o the_o name_n of_o cafres_n all_n the_o coast_n which_o environ_v the_o monomotapa_a both_o towards_o the_o west_n south_n and_o east_n so_o that_o we_o may_v call_v these_o cafres_n occidental_a meridional_a and_o oriental_a this_o distinction_n be_v take_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o natural_a situation_n in_o which_o these_o people_n be_v from_o the_o monomotapa_a or_o we_o may_v choose_v rather_o to_o consider_v they_o in_o occidental_a or_o oriental_a as_o we_o have_v already_o do_v the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n then_o keep_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o it_o have_v former_o be_v believe_v that_o these_o people_n have_v neither_o king_n law_n nor_o faith_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v cafres_n that_o be_v without_o law_n but_o it_o have_v since_o be_v know_v that_o they_o have_v divers_a king_n and_o lord_n as_o those_o of_o mataman_a where_o there_o be_v divers_a metal_n crystal_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o melemba_n among_o the_o occidental_n those_o of_o chicanga_n sedanda_fw-la quiteva_n and_o zefala_n among_o the_o oriental_n and_o other_o we_o know_v not_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o cafres_n be_v these_o place_n and_o isle_n viz._n st._n nicolai_n piscarius_n the_o port_n of_o carascalis_n the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n st._n martin_n bay_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o st._n lucia_n also_o these_o isle_n 4_o bearing_z the_o name_n of_o st._n lucia_n 2_o of_o st._n christopher_n 5_o of_o crucis_fw-la and_o 3_o of_o aride_n many_o of_o which_o as_o likewise_o the_o cape_n be_v well_o know_v by_o seaman_n especial_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n all_o these_o coast_n of_o cafreria_n be_v bound_v within_o land_n by_o a_o chain_n of_o mountain_n form_v by_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o which_o enclose_v monomotapa_a that_o part_n of_o these_o mountain_n which_o advance_v towards_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v call_v by_o the_o portugal_n hope_n the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n picos_fw-la fragos_n that_o be_v watery_a point_n or_o rock_n this_o cape_n be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a piece_n in_o cafreria_n the_o most_o southern_a point_n of_o africa_n and_o of_o our_o continent_n and_o the_o most_o famous_a promontory_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n vasco_n de_fw-fr gama_n know_v it_o in_o 1498_o and_o after_o have_v double_v it_o find_v the_o way_n by_o the_o east-indies_n to_o the_o great_a sea_n and_o from_o hence_o the_o portugal_n boast_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o cape_n but_o we_o have_v make_v appear_v in_o the_o general_a discourse_n of_o africa_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v both_o know_v and_o speak_v of_o it_o near_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o far_o towards_o the_o south_n be_v the_o cape_n of_o needle_n which_o shall_v be_v more_o famous_a since_o it_o be_v more_o southern_o than_o the_o other_o by_o 12_o or_o 15_o league_n but_o the_o name_n cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v give_v to_o all_o that_o head_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o most_o southern_a of_o africa_n country_n the_o air_n fertility_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o country_n the_o air_n of_o this_o country_n be_v sometime_o temperate_a and_o sometime_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o ice_n from_o whence_o descend_v quantity_n of_o cold_a water_n the_o valley_n and_o low_a country_n pleasant_a and_o fertile_a have_v store_n of_o wood_n and_o forest_n in_o which_o be_v abundance_n of_o beast_n and_o fowl_n as_o deer_n antilopes_n baboon_n fox_n hare_n etc._n etc._n also_o ostrich_n heron_n pelican_n pheasant_n partridge_n goose_n duck_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v well_o supply_v with_o good_a water_n feed_v much_o cattle_n which_o they_o truck_v with_o stranger_n for_o knife_n scizzar_n spoon_n and_o divers_a toy_n they_o have_v likewise_o much_o fish_n in_o their_o river_n trade_n the_o people_n and_o their_o trade_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v black_a have_v thick_a lip_n flat_a nose_n long_a ear_n and_o in_o a_o word_n very_o ill-shapen_a they_o be_v more_o barbarous_a and_o brutish_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o africa_n they_o be_v man-eater_n their_o chief_a ornament_n in_o their_o apparel_n be_v chain_n of_o iron_n brass_n bead_n bell_n or_o the_o like_a and_o cut_v and_o slash_v their_o skin_n in_o several_a shape_n clothe_v they_o have_v none_o only_o in_o the_o cold_a season_n they_o wrap_v themselves_o about_o with_o skin_n of_o beast_n town_n they_o have_v none_o or_o very_o few_o for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n like_o brute_n beast_n but_o the_o cafres_n on_o the_o east_n be_v much_o more_o civil_a than_o the_o other_o most_o of_o they_o have_v make_v a_o part_n and_o be_v yet_o subject_a to_o the_o monomotapa_a who_o about_o 50_o year_n ago_o divide_v his_o estate_n into_o four_o part_n give_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n what_o be_v within_o land_n and_o by_o much_o the_o great_a part_n and_o to_o his_o three_o young_a son_n zuiteva_n sedanda_fw-la and_o chicanga_n towards_o the_o sea-coast_n for_o their_o portion_n cefala_n or_o zefala_n seem_v to_o make_v its_o piece_n apart_o who_o king_n pay_v tribute_n both_o to_o the_o monomotapa_a and_o the_o portugal_n and_o these_o have_v divers_a fortress_n on_o the_o coast_n sena_n tete_n cuama_n etc._n etc._n zefala_n be_v so_o abundant_a in_o gold_n and_o elephant_n that_o some_o take_v it_o for_o the_o ophir_n whither_o solomon_n send_v his_o fleet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o they_o give_v for_o a_o reason_n that_o the_o gold_n ivory_n ape_n etc._n etc._n which_o that_o fleet_n bring_v be_v here_o find_v in_o abundance_n that_o this_o fleet_n part_v from_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n it_o shall_v go_v to_o peru_n which_o some_o take_v for_o this_o ophir_n beside_o that_o there_o be_v there_o neither_o ivory_n nor_o ape_n but_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o some_o part_n of_o asia_n or_o africa_n they_o add_v that_o there_o remain_v not_o far_o from_o zefala_n some_o footstep_n of_o ancient_a building_n and_o inscription_n leave_v there_o by_o stranger_n long_a time_n ago_o nay_o likewise_o that_o there_o be_v some_o note_n and_o book_n how_o solomon_n send_v thither_o his_o fleet._n moreover_o the_o septuagint_n translate_v sophira_n instead_o of_o ophir_n and_o the_o name_n of_o sophira_n be_v not_o overmuch_o different_a from_o sopholo_n however_o it_o be_v there_o be_v here_o store_n of_o gold_n both_o in_o the_o mountain_n and_o river_n and_o often_o very_o clean_a and_o pure_a as_o well_o in_o powder_n as_o sand_n and_o this_o gold_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a and_o fine_a in_o africa_n we_o seem_v but_o brass_n in_o comparison_n of_o it_o the_o country_n be_v healthful_a and_o pleasant_a seat_v only_o on_o the_o coast_n the_o monomotapa_a confine_n it_o within_o land_n a_o part_n of_o its_o now_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o the_o native_n but_o descend_v from_o that_o coast_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o monomotapa_a the_o native_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v black_a and_o idolater_n or_o cafres_n the_o other_o very_o swart_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n mahometan_n they_o have_v a_o great_a trade_n on_o this_o coast_n for_o their_o gold_n two_o or_o three_o million_o be_v yearly_o bring_v hence_o and_o that_o for_o toy_n and_o thing_n of_o a_o very_a small_a value_n which_o be_v carry_v they_o from_o divers_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n and_o some_o part_n of_o africa_n the_o isle_n of_o africa_n as_o they_o lie_v and_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o the_o isle_n of_o
figgs_n melon_n caper_n and_o excellent_a grape_n etc._n etc._n the_o manner_n habit_n and_o tongue_n of_o the_o islander_n retain_v much_o of_o the_o moor_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o catholic_n like_v to_o malta_n and_o under_o the_o viceroy_n of_o sicily_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o a_o cave_n be_v a_o pitt_n which_o exhale_v continual_o a_o obscure_a vapour_n which_o spread_v itself_o on_o all_o side_n on_o the_o rock_n dissolve_v into_o water_n and_o distil_v with_o such_o abundance_n that_o it_o furnish_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v need_n of_o not_o only_o for_o their_o drink_n and_o other_o use_n but_o for_o their_o beast_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o other_o fresh_a water_n in_o the_o isle_n the_o land_n be_v dry_a red_a and_o so_o hot_a that_o a_o naked_a foot_n can_v scarce_o suffer_v it_o for_o the_o rest_n the_o knight_n of_o malta_n be_v always_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o moor_n mahometan_n and_o all_o the_o pirate_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n war_n knight_n always_o in_o war_n and_o by_o their_o expedition_n with_o those_o few_o galley_n they_o have_v deliver_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n a_o great_a number_n of_o christian_a captive_n reduce_v many_o mahometan_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n maintain_v their_o arm_n in_o good_a reputation_n and_o on_o all_o occasion_n which_o present_v themselves_o whether_o of_o their_o own_o or_o with_o other_o prince_n of_o christendom_n they_o free_o employ_v and_o venture_v both_o their_o life_n and_o good_n in_o favour_n of_o christian_n in_o general_a and_o particular_a but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o finish_v africa_n and_o to_o say_v that_o if_o we_o will_v have_v believe_v certain_a author_n among_o the_o ancient_n this_o africa_n have_v be_v represent_v to_o we_o with_o unsupportable_a heat_n unsufferable_a droughs_z fierce_a and_o cruel_a beast_n perfidious_a man_n horrible_a and_o afrightful_a monster_n whereas_o time_n which_o daily_o discover_v thing_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v we_o see_v that_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o africa_n have_v some_o refreshment_n that_o the_o dry_a sand_n have_v some_o well_n some_o water_n that_o the_o vast_a solitude_n have_v some_o green_a field_n some_o fruit_n that_o the_o beast_n be_v not_o so_o dangerous_a but_o that_o man_n may_v descend_v themselves_o from_o their_o fury_n nor_o the_o man_n so_o faithless_a but_o that_o they_o have_v commerce_n and_o society_n among_o themselves_o as_o also_o with_o stranger_n that_o their_o dragon_n serpent_n griffon_n etc._n etc._n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imaginary_a and_o moreover_o the_o generosity_n of_o its_o lion_n the_o docility_n of_o its_o camel_n the_o feather_n of_o its_o ostrich_n the_o odour_n of_o its_o civet_n the_o swistness_n of_o its_o barbe_n the_o agility_n of_o its_o wild_a ass_n the_o greatness_n of_o its_o elephant_n the_o strength_n of_o its_o eagle_n the_o diversity_n of_o its_o parroquet_n and_o the_o wantonness_n of_o its_o little_a monkey_n etc._n etc._n recompense_n the_o mischief_n which_o other_o beast_n may_v do_v and_o though_o there_o be_v as_o yet_o some_o people_n fierce_a and_o man-eater_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o other_o be_v very_o ingenious_a and_o tractable_a the_o egyptian_n have_v long_o since_o sufficient_o make_v know_v their_o cunning_n in_o science_n art_n and_o arm_n so_o have_v the_o carthaginian_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o ancient_n esteem_v the_o aethiopian_n the_o most_o innocent_a and_o just_a man_n in_o the_o world_n believe_v the_o god_n sometime_o banquet_v with_o they_o beside_o there_o be_v many_o particular_n worthy_a of_o observation_n in_o africa_n what_o city_n be_v ever_o fair_a or_o more_o magnificent_a than_o thebes_n in_o the_o high_a egypt_n than_o memphis_n in_o the_o middle_a or_o a_o lexandria_n in_o the_o low_a out_o of_o egypt_n what_o city_n be_v ever_o rich_a more_o powerful_a or_o more_o proud_a than_o carthage_n except_o rome_n and_o at_o present_a pez_n be_v so_o splendid_a that_o there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o europe_n to_o be_v compare_v with_o it_o though_o many_o believe_v it_o not_o to_o compare_v to_o cairo_n in_o egypt_n among_o the_o seven_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n some_o place_n three_o in_o egypt_n alone_o the_o statue_n of_o memnon_n at_o thebes_n the_o pyramid_n near_o memphis_n and_o the_o pharus_n of_o alexandria_n africa_n commodity_n of_o africa_n not_o only_o these_o beautiful_a work_n and_o fair_a city_n not_o only_o the_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o other_o metal_n precious_a stone_n grain_n fruit_n spice_n drug_n wine_n oil_n sugar_n honey_n wax_n cordovant_n amber_n ambergris_n elephants-teeth_n estriches-feather_n saffron_n coral_n civet_n musk_n incense_n coffee_n caper_n olive_n ivory_n silk_n cotton_n flax_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o they_o make_v velvet_n silk_n damask_n etc._n etc._n a_o thousand_o several_a manufacture_n which_o be_v find_v there_o aught_o to_o make_v we_o account_v africa_n very_o considerable_a but_o its_o extent_n which_o be_v little_o less_o than_o asia_n twice_o as_o great_a as_o europe_n it_o be_v position_n be_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o our_o continent_n the_o south_n be_v esteem_v after_o the_o east_n before_o either_o north_n or_o west_n it_o be_v the_o portion_n of_o cham_n second_o son_n to_o noah_n which_o may_v make_v we_o judge_v it_o the_o second_o in_o greatness_n and_o goodness_n its_o first_o monarchy_n have_v be_v know_v before_o those_o of_o europe_n some_o will_v say_v before_o those_o of_o asia_n art_n science_n letter_n and_o law_n have_v be_v in_o great_a reputation_n here_o before_o they_o pass_v into_o greece_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n america_n as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o septentrional_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o canadiane_a where_n there_o shall_v be_v the_o arctic_a land_n as_o island_n bellested_n groenland_n beareford_n north_n wales_n sea_n hor_o cp_a inâ—_n south_n wales_n hudson_n bay_n canada_n or_o new_a france_n who_o chief_a part_n and_o people_n be_v those_o of_o estoriland_n hope_v advance_v saguanay_n quebec_n canada_n mont_n real_a acadie_n martengo_n new_a england_n boston_n marry_o land_n marys_n town_n virginia_n james_n town_n carolina_n charles_n town_n the_o huron_n st._n peter_n isle_n of_o bermuda_n southampton_n florida_n st._n helen_n mexicane_n with_o it_o audience_n province_n etc._n etc._n of_o mexico_n with_o its_o province_n and_o chief_a place_n of_o mexico_n mexico_n panuco_n panuco_fw-la mechoachan_n mechoacan_a thascala_n thascala_n guaxaca_n antequera_fw-la tabasco_n no._n â—en_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr victoria_fw-la jucatan_n merida_n guadalajara_n with_o its_o province_n of_o gudalajara_n guadalajara_n xalisco_n compostella_n chiâ—â—etlan_n st._n sebastian_n culiacan_a st._n michael_n cinaloa_o st._n john_n los_fw-la zacatecas_fw-la zacatecas_n new_a biscay_n st._n john_n quivira_n st._n fee_n anian_n anian_n cibola_n cibola_n california_n port_n de_fw-fr montere_fw-la guatemala_n with_o its_o province_n etc._n etc._n of_o guatemala_n st._n jago_n de_fw-mi guatemala_fw-mi vera_fw-la pax_fw-la vera_fw-la pax._fw-la soconusco_n gueyet_n lan_o chiapa_n cui_fw-la dad_n real_a honduras_n valladolid_n nicaragua_n leon._n costarica_n cartago_fw-la veragua_n la_o conception_n st._n domingo_n with_o its_o isle_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v cuba_n st._n jago_n jamaica_n sevilla_n hispaniola_n st._n domingo_n soana_n st._n german_n meridional_a which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o peruviane_n where_o three_o shall_v be_v terra_fw-la firma_fw-la with_o its_o province_n etc._n etc._n of_o panama_n panama_n carthagena_n carthagena_n st._n martha_n st._n martha_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hacha_n rio_n de_fw-la la_fw-fr hacha_n venezula_n venezula_fw-la new_a andalousia_n comana_n paria_fw-la macureguaâ—a_o caribe_n taupuramuneâ—_n guiana_n macurewaray_n popayan_n st._n fee_fw-mi de_fw-fr antiochia_n granada_n st._n fee_fw-mi de_fw-fr bogata_fw-la peru_n with_o its_o audience_n of_o peru_n quito_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la quixos_n baesa_fw-la pasamore_n loyola_n lima_n lima._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la chili_n copiopo_n magellanick_n land_n st._n philip_n braziliene_n where_o there_o shall_v be_v brazile_n with_o its_o captain_n or_o government_n of_o st._n vincent_n sanctos_fw-la rio_n janieto_fw-la schastian_n spiritu_fw-la sancto_fw-la spiritu_fw-la sancto_fw-la porto_n seguro_fw-la porto_n seguto_n los_fw-la isleos_n los_fw-la isleos_n baya_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la sanctos_fw-la st._n salvador_n seregippe_n seregippe_n deal_v rey._n fernambuco_n olinda_n tamaraca_n tamaraca_n parayba_n parayba_n rio_n granda_fw-mi de_n los_fw-la tres_fw-fr reys_n siara_n siara_n maranhan_n junipara_n para_n para._n paraguay_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la with_o its_o province_n etc._n etc._n of_o paraguay_n paraguay_n chaco_n chaco_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la aslumption_n tucoman_n st._n jago_n del_fw-it estera_fw-la urvaig_n la_o conception_n parana_n st._n ignatious_a guayr_a ouidad_fw-es real_a a_o new_a map_n of_o america_n septentrionale_n design_v by_o mounsieur_fw-fr sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o render_v into_o english_a and_o illustrate_v