myght make stronge warre agaynste the sayde Athenians Who whaÌ„ they vnderstode it for to let the reuoltement or rebellyon of the said cities and countreys delyberated to send Acestratus sonne of Lencomedes accompanyed wyth tenne other Capytaynes wyth .xxx. shippes armed for to make warre in the couÌ„trey of Macedonie And commauÌ„ded theÌ„ that in passyng they shuld take pleadges of theÌ„ of Potide and beate downe theyr walle And furthermore that they shulde take good hede that the other cytyes dyd not rebelle whiche vnderstandynge the Potydyans sente some of theyr cytezeins to Athens for to see yf they coulde obteigne of them that they wolde do no nouueltie And on the other syde they sente wyth the Corynthians to Lacedemonye to haue of them counsaille and comforte who perswaded them that they shulde prepare to defende themselues yf anye woulde constrayne them to that which is declared Duryng this tyme the Ambassadours that were gone to Athens after that they had at leÌ„gth shewed debated theyr case obteigned very litle of them But they had in their preâ—ence despatched the thyrty shippes that they sente agaynste Perdicas and agaynst them The Potydyans perceyuing this trusted in the promes of the Lacedemonyans Who had assured them that yâ— the Athenyans came against theÌ„ they wolde enter in armure into theyr lande and woulde rebelle agaynste the said Athenians the Beotians Calcydes of one coÌ„mune accorde with theÌ„ Which Calcydes Perdicas had perswaded that they shulde habandone forsake theyr townes that they hadde on the shore of the sea for that they were not defensyble And that they shulde wythdrawe them self into the cytye of Olynthe which standeth Inner into the lande and that they shulde fortefye the same aswell as they could And vnto them that had habandoned theyr townes howses he gaue them to dwelle in durynge the warre the cytye of Migdonie which is nyghe the marrâ—ys of Boliâ—e which the Calcydes dyd and dyd beat downe their townes and houses and prepared themselfe to make warre whan they that conducted the thyrty shyppes of Athenes were in the countreye of Thrace vnderstode that the said cities were rebelled specyally that of Potyde considerynge that they were not stronge ynough to make warre agaynst Perdicas agaynst the cities reuolted they toke theyr iourneye towarde Macedonie whither they were chiefly sent where they founde Philippe Dordras that came to ioygne to theÌ„ with the hoste that they had assembled in the mouÌ„taignes During this tyme that the shyppes with Athenyans were in Macedonie the Corinthiens fearing that the cytye of Potyde whiche had declared it self agaynst the AtheniaÌ„s had no succour for that they toke it to be their proper acte sente for to saue defende them a thousande six houndred foote men aswel of theyr citezins and subiectes that went willingly as also of mercenaryes or huyred men which had soulde or wages in the countrey of Peloponese all wel armed and foure houndred slightly armed Of whome Aristeus sonne of Adymantus had the conduct for that that he was very agreable to the people In suche sorte that maâ—y good cytezeins wente thider wyllingly in hys compaygny and of the other parte he had alwayes bene frende to them of Potyde at whiche place he arryued with hys people the fourtyth daye after theyr rebellyon The Athenyans than beyng aduertysed of the rebellyon of the Potydiens and of the succours that the Corynthyans had sent dyspatchedde Callia sonne of Calliadus and foure other Capytaynes in hys coÌ„panye wyth two thousande men for to go agaynste the sayde cytye of Potyde who beynge aryued in Macedonie founde that the people that were furst coÌ„me thyder had taken the cytye of Therme and helde the same of Pydue assieged so they ioingned to them that they toke it but for the necessitie and desyre that they had to go into Potyde vnderstandynge that Aristeus was there arryued they were constrayned to make appoynctemente and allyance wyth the sayde Perdicas By meane wherof they departed from Macedonye and toke the waye strayght against Potyde So they arryued at the porte of Berrye and thought to haue taken the towne at the arryualle But seynge that they coulde not do it they wente a lande and marchedde strayght fourth agaynst Potyde Hauyng in theyr hole armye thre thousande foote men aswell of theyr people as of theyr coÌ„federates and sixe houndred horse men Macedonyens and more they had .lxx shyppes whiche came coastynge the lande In suche manner they iourneyed easely that the thyrd day they arryued at the place of Grigrone where they planted theyr campe The Potydians and Aristeus with theyr people vnderstandyng the commynge of the Athenyans wente oute of the cytye and came to sett theyr campe before the cytye of Olynthe vpon the distrayct kepyng theyr marcket wythoute the towne And they all wyth one accorde dyd chose Aristeus to be Capytaine of the foote men and Perdicas of the horsemen who incontynentlye after the appoinctement made wyth the Athenyans rebelled agaynste them had sente horsemen for to succoure the sayde Potydians of whome he had geueÌ„ charge to Iolaus as hys lieutenant Now the opynyon of Aristeus was to tary the Athenyans with the bende that he had in the sayde strayte by the which meÌ„ muste of force passe to come to Potyde by lande yf they wolde comme thyder to assayle it and that the Calcydes wyth the other confederates that were wtout the straycte also the horsemen of Perdicas shulde tary within the towne of Olynthe to the ende that yf the Athenyans came to assaulte them they shulde come fourthe to hys succour and enclose the sayde Athenians at theyr backes On the other syde Callia Capytayne of Athenyens and hys compaignyons sent theyr horsmen Macedonyens that they had with certayne nomber of footemeÌ„ before Olynthe for to kepe them that were within that they shulde not come fourth to succour the other and they with the remaynant went directly agaiÌ„ste Potyde And when they were nygh to the straicte seyng their ennemys that prepared them selfe to fight they put them selues lykewyse in order and so came incontinently to the battayle In the which Aristeus and they that were with hiÌ„ aswell Corinthiens as other all very good warryours dyd dryue backe putt to flight the formerwarde of the ennemys that came agaynst theÌ„ gaue them chase a long wayâ— but the other poinct where the Potydiens the other Peloponesians were was by the Athenyans vainquyshed chased to the gates of the towne Which seyng Aristeus after that he was retourned fro the chase was in great doubte to which of two places he might retyre to Potyde or to Olynthe fynally he determyned to wtdrawe himselfe with his people that he might ioigne agayne with hys wtin Potyde for that it was the nexte retrecte So they went into the sea which did beate the walles of the towne betwene the same and manye
they togither sente to Phormyo that he shulde come to succoure them But he made them annswere that it was not lawfull for him to habandone and departe from the poorte of Naupacte vnderstandinge that the armye by sea of the ennemys shulde departe from Corynthe The Peloponesyans than came with thre bendes bifore the sayde cytie of Stratie beynge determyned to assayle it if those within wolde not render or yelde it Of whyche thre bendes â—pe Chaonyens and other straungers were in that same of the myddest and in the right hande were the Leucadyens with the Anactoriens othere of thair bende and in the laste bende was Cnemus with the Peloponesyans and the Ambrasyens Anâ— the sayd bendes went marchynge by `dyuers wayes so farre distante the one from the other that sometime they of the one bende dyd not se the other And the Grekes went in battaille kepinge theire order for to aduyse bisore all thinges whan they shulde be afore the towne to chose some meteplace to lodge their campe But the Chaonyans trustinge in their force for that that they were holden and reputed most valyant of all the other straungers in that quarter of the mayne lande they wold not haue patience to lodge themself but taking it for shame somuche to cocker themself and hoping with the ayde of other strauÌ„gers that were in their bende to feare the people of the towne with their arryuall and by that meane to take it bifore that the othere shulde there arryue so to haue the hole hounour of that same enterprinse they aduaunsedde themselfe in theire most that they might in suche sorte that they aryued in the sight of the towne a good space of tyme ynough bifore the othere whiche seing the Stratyans deuâ—sed among themselfe that if they coulde discomfytte and ouerthrow that bende the othere woulde feare afterwardes to come thider they set embushementes wythout the towne on that parte therof And after that the Chaonyans were betwene the towne and the Ambusshes they sette vpon them on both sydes so strongely that they dyd put them out of Araye and vnto flighte And so dyd slay many and a great nomber whan the other strangers that came after did see theÌ„ flye they dyd the lyke and so did all flye bifore that the Grekes dyd parceyue yt who thought not that they shulde haue fought but onely haue chosen the place to haue lodged them But whan they sawe theÌ„ so to flye they retyred into their bende And afterwardes they locked themselues togider and taryed there that same daye waytinge if those of the towne wold issue fourth agaynst them which thinge they woulde not do for that that thoder Arcananyans hadde sente them no succoure But onely they dyd throwe againste them wyth castes of slynges where wyth all those of the countrey of Acarnanie do throwe better than the other people Also they were not armed and therfore yt had not bene good for theÌ„ to haue yssued fourth Than Cnemus seinge that they came not fourth whan it did drawe nyghe vpon nyght he withdrewe himselfe in great feare to the ryuer of Anapus whyche is distant from the cytie aboutes four skoore stades And the morowe followinge hauinge recouered the dead men of the Stratyans he retired with his army into the lande of yâ— Eniades who receyued him willingly for the amytye that they hadde with the Peloponesyans and fromthence they departed all for to returne into their houses wtout taryinge the succour that shuld come vnto them And the Stratians did sett vp their Trophe in remembrance of the victorye that they had had agaynst the Barbarous or strangers ¶ Howe the Athenyans had a victory by sea againste the Peloponesians and howe the one partie and the other prepared them selfe for to combattre and fight one other tyme vpon the sea ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter ON the other syde the armye by sea that the Corynthians and othere confederates shulde haue sent out of the goulphe of Crissee to the succours of Cnemus agaynste the Acarnanyens if they woulde comme to succour them of Stratia came not But were constrayned that selfe same tyme that the battaille was bifore Stratia to fyght againste the .xx. shippes that Phormyo helde and kepte to defende Naupacte who spied whan they departed from the sayd goulphe of Crissee for to assaile them in the highe or mayne sea wherof the Athenyans who were not furnyshed to fight but onely had charged the men of warre for to passe with them into Acarnanie doubted not thinkynge that Phormyo that hadde but twenty shippes durste not assaile thairs whyche were seuen and fourty But as they sayled alongeste the coste of Epire for to trauerse into Acarnanye whyche is opposite or directe agaynste yt sawe the Athenyens comme fourth from Chalcide and oute of the floude of Euenus Whoe came dyrectly againste them for though in the nyght they were hydde in a place yet alwayes they were in the moarnynge at breake of daye apparceyuedde And by thys meane the Corynthyans were constraynedde to fight in the myddest of the destracite Nowe the people of euery cytie hadde thair capytaynes And of them of Corynthe were Capytaynes Machon Isocrates and Agatharcydas and so the Peloponesians dyd bringe theire shippes all into a roundell locked togyther the fore partes forwardes and the powpes inwardes keping asmuch space as they might in the sea for to empeshe lett the yssue of ennemys and within that same rouÌ„dell they bestowed the smallest and lightest shipps for to cause theÌ„ to go fourth in short space vpoÌ„ those of theÌ„nemis whan they shulde see it to be mete As touchinge the Athenyans they broughte thair shippes all in a renge And sayled closinge aboutes those of theÌ„nemys faignynge to be willynge fourthwyth to beginne the bataile and in passing beyonde them they approched so strongly that wel nye they hurkeled togider By meane wherof the other ioygned theÌ„self retired always more suerlyer locked in their order But Phormyo had defended or forbydden his men that they shuld not begynne the bataille vntill that he hadde geueÌ„ them a signe or token And this he dydde for that that he thoughte well that the sayde Peloponesyans coulde not maigntayne or contynue that same order with their shippes as they woulde haue done with their foote men on lande And also that the shipps would hurkle togider and woulde empesche th one the other Specially whan the wynde of the lande shulde aryse whyche biganne comeÌ„ly at the breake of the daye whiche he attended makinge in the meane seasonne a bragge or threateninge to be willinge to strike vpon them For he toke it to be full certayne that after that the wynd was rysenne they coulde not be a moment of one houre firme or sure togither that he might than assayle them more at this pleasure for that that his shippes were lightest like as it chaunced For after that the wynd beganne to blowe
coulde enter returned towardes the other people of his army And the same day bifore that it was clere the Beotians arryued who bifore that they hadde receyued the letters from Brasidas vnderstandyng the commynge of the Athenians were come fourth with all their strength for to succoure the Megarians For that that they estemed the danger to bee common vnto them But whan they were in the lande of Platee hauyng there receyued the letters from Brasidas they were muche more assured And so dyd sende twelue houndred foote menne and sixe houndred horsemenne vnto Brasidas and the other retourned euey man vnto his house After that they were all ioigned togider with Brasidas they were aboute sixe thousande On the other syde the Athenians kepte themselfe in battaille aboutes Nisee resarued the fotemen lightly armed who being disparsed skattered abrode in the fieldes were assailled and repoulsed by the horsemen Beotians euen vnto the sea bifore that the Athenians did knowe the coming of the said Beotians For they came neuer bifore to the succours of Megare Wherefore they doubted them not But anon as they sawe them they issued agaynst them and there was a veray longe fight among the horsemen so that it coulde not be well iudged who hadde the better thereof And although that on the Beotians parte the Capitaine some other were slaine whiche aduentured themfelf euen vnto the walles of Nisee by occasion whereof the Athenians hauing rendred the carkasses by appoinâ—â—mente did sette vp a Trophee in signe of victorie yet the battaille was not pursued by the one parte nor the other So and in suche wyse that one coulde not attrybute the victory more to the one than to the other And so the Beotians retyred to their compaignie and the Athenians to Nysee After that Brasidas hauyng chosen a comodious place by the sea syde and nigh inough to Megare lodged there his campe and remoued not attending that the Athenians shoulde come to assaille theÌ„ For he thought that they of the citie would regarde and marke who should haue the better and that beyng there ready to fight without assailling the ennemyes or putting any thing in hazarte he should haue the victorye And as touchyng the citie he thought to haue done ynough Forsomuche as if he hadde not come the Citezens durst not haue assayed the fortune of the battaille agaynste the Athenians and by the meane shuld haue lost the citie But seyng the succours to become that those Athenians durst not fight it semed vnto hym that they would accept him and his bende into the citie and by that meane without effusion of bloud without daunger he shuld haue that that he was come for Lyke as it happened afterwardes For the Athenians did rancke themself in battaille nyghe to the longe walles hauing the selfe opinion that the Athenians had to witte not to fyght except he came to assaulte them for that that they thought that there was greater apparance and raisonne for them not to begyn the battaill than for the other considered that they had had already manye victories Wherefore if at that houre being in lesser nomber they had hazarded it and the other had had the victory he would so haue followed it that the citie shuld haue been lost thorugh theÌ„ or that they shuld lose one great parte of their army And also they persuaded theÌ„self that the other shuld rather begyn For that that they were of dyuers cities whereby they presumed that they shuld not haue pacience to refrayne as they that were all Athenians In this manner hauing longe attended on the one syde and on the other they retyred and did withdrawe themself to wytte the Athenians to Nisee and the Peloponesians to the place from whence they were departed Than the Magarians those that were frendes of the exiles parceyuyng that the Athenians durst not assaille thoder they dyd take courage and with the pryncipallest of the towne openned the gates vnto Brasidas and receyued hym into the towne as hauyng the victorye And came to parlamente with hym whereby those of the other bende were in greate feare And anone after the people that were come at commandement of Brasidas retourded euery man into his quarter And he wente fromthence vnto Corinthe fromwhence he departed for to assemble his army in Thrace The AtheniaÌ„s also retourned froÌ„ethence into their countrey By occasion whereof those that had been of the coniuracion and conspiracie and of the treatie for to cause them to come parceiuing that they were discouered withdrewe themself secretly out of the citie And the other hauing spoken with the parentes of the exiles called agayne those that were at Pegne with greate othes neuer more to remember the innuries passed But rather to geue themself with one accorde to the common weale of the citie But within a certaine tyme after they being chosene to offices and gouernance of the towne whan the musters of the people were made knowyng the armure of them that had bene the chief of thintelligence with the AtheniaÌ„s they apprehended of theÌ„ to the nomber of a houndred whom they caused to dye by iudgement of the sayed people Whome they induced to condempe them And by this meane the gouernance of the citie was reduced brought to the will of a small nomber of Citizens hauing the fauour of the people whiche state though it begonne by sedicion and mutynerye yet afterwardes it endured a longe â—asone Of a losse that the Athenians had of their shippes And how Brasidas passed through the countrey of Thrace by the helpe of Perdicas kyng of Macedonie and of certen his frendes of the sayd countrey for to come to the ayde of the Chalcidians ☞ The .x. Chapter THat self same somer the Mytylenians hauing purposed for to fortefye and repayer the citie of Antandre the two capitayns of the three whiche the Athenians had sent to receue and gather money through the landes of their party Demedocus and Aristides who were than in Hellesponte in thabsence of Lamachus which was the thirde and was gone into the sea of Pontus with tenne shippes had consultacion bitwene them of that matter And it semed vnto them a daungerous matter to suffer Fearyng leste it shuld happene as it had bifore tyme in the citie of Sanmie whether the exiles that had bene dryuen fromthence had retyred and ioyned themselfes altogiders And with the ayde of the Peloponesians who had sent them maroners they dyd grete hurt to them of the cytie grete saruices to the sayd Peloponesians For this cause they wente with their shippes and men of warre agaynst the sayd cytie of Antandre And hauing repoulsed and ouercome those whiche were come agayne and retourned thider who yssued fourth against them in battaille they dyd take it Sonne after Lamachus whiche was goane into the countrey of Pontus beeing there arryued with his shyppes within the floude of Calece whiche passeth through out the lande of
Heraclien by a soubdayne breache and inundacion of the sayd ryuer that commethe out of the mountaignes he loste all hys shippes and came fromethence with his people by lande trauersyng the countreis of Bythinie and of Thrace whiche is beyonde the sea of the coste of Asia vnto the citie of Chalcidonie whiche is at the mouthe of the sea of Pontus apperteignyng to the Megarians In that same somer Demosthenes Duke of the Athenians departyng from Megare came with fortye shippes into Naupacte for to execute the enterprise whiche he Hippocrates had made togiders with certein Beotiens Which was to reduce the estate of that same countrey to the gouernance of the comon people like as that same of Athens was Of which coÌ„spiracie was principall author conductor a citizene of Thebes that had bene bannyshed named Priodorus And they had determined to execute it in this maÌ„ner That is that those Beotians shulde by treasone surrendre to the Athenians one towne named Syphas Whiche is in the territorie of the citie of Thespie in the goulphe of the sea Crissee And on the other syde some other shulde haue delyuered them one other towne named Chironee whiche were subiect to the Orchomenians by the ayde of the bannyshed men of the sayd citie of Orchomenie Who had soulded waged certaine men of warre being Peloponesians Nowe is the sayd towne of Cheronee in thextreÌ„myties fourthest parte of the couÌ„trey of Beoce Directly anempst Phanotide in the countrey of Phociens partely inhabited with the sayd Phocians On the other syde that the Athenians shuld occupie take the temple of Apollo in the towne of Delos in the countrey of Tanagrians of the coste of Eubee All the whiche enterprises shulde be executed on one daye therfore named To thintent that the Beotians vnderstandyng the takyng of the other townes and fearyng to bee in their oune houses shulde not be so bolde to come to succour Delos And the sayd Athenians thought that if their enterprise myght come to effect so that they myght enclose the temple of Delos with a walle they might easely trouble the estate the gouernance of the Beotians If not soubdainly yet at the least with the tyme kepyng garnisones within the sayd townes that they would ouerronne and pillage the countrey And furder hauing withdrawen thider all the bannyshed men and other nigh adioyignyng the Athenians myght at tymes sende thider succoure to them that were withdrawen thider And the Beotiens not hauing a sufficiente armye for to resist myght geue them lawe and manner to lyue at their wylle and pleasure And thenterprise shulde be executed in suche sorte For Hippocrates that ledde and conducted the footemen shulde at a day named departe from Athens and enter into the lande of the Beotians And on the other syde Demosthenes was gone to Naupacte with foortye shippes for to assemble people of the countrey of Acarnanâ—e and of other adioignyng to them shulde be the selfe daye at Syphas for to entre into it by the meane of the prattique Hauing than Demosthenes assembled a great nomber of people aswell of Eniades as of other Acarnanians and also of other allyes Athenians that were come to be there from all costes he went first lo lande at Salynthe and at Agree where they looked and attended also for other people and prepared themself for to come to his enterprise at Syphas at the daye ordeigned Nowe happened it that in that selfe ryme Brasidas that was gone with a thousande fyue houndred footemen for to geue order to the affaires of the countrey of Thrace being come into the citie of Heraclee in the couÌ„trey of Trachine he damauÌ„ded of the frendes which he had in the couÌ„trey of Thessale that they shulde come to accoÌ„paignie hym that he myght passe suerly So there came to hym Panerus of Dorie Hippolochidas of Thorile Strophacus of Chalcide and certaine other Thessalyans whiche were in the towne of Melyte in the countrey of Achaye and conducted hym And lykewyse Niconidas of Larisse parent of Perdicas kyng of Macedonie came to him for that selfe cause For otherwyse it had not bene possible for the sayd Brasidas to passe through the same countrey of Thessale muche lesse than at any other tyme though alwayes bifore that there was danger in it somuche yâ— more doubt was therin that he was in armure For therby he had brought into suspicion yâ— people of the countrey that toke parte with the AtheniaÌ„s Whereby if Brasidas had not had the conduct of the geeatest of the couÌ„trey which had accustomed to gouerne the people more by force thaÌ„ by auctoritie iustice he coulde neuer haue passed And yet neuertheles he had muche busines with them For those that toke parte with the Athenyans mett with hym at the riuer of Empee for to empesche stoppe hys passage saying that it was oulrage iniury for him to passe wtout hauing saulfconducte of the people of the countrey Whereunto those of the countrey that coÌ„ducted him answered theÌ„ that the said Braâ—idas the people would not passe by force But that being there aryued soubdainly as their freÌ„des they ought to suffre theÌ„ to passe And Brasidas himself sayd that he was their frendeâ— and passed through their countrey not for to offende theÌ„ but only for to go agaynst the AtheniaÌ„s ennemyes of the Lacedemonians knewe not that there was any enmytie betwene the Thessalyans the Lacedemoens whereby the one myght not passe through the countrey of the other And that he would not as in dede he coulde not passe thorough theirs against their willes But he prayed them hartely that they would not empesche nor hinder hym And by those woordes they retourned he passed at his pleasure Notwithstanding those that did conducte hym counsailled that he shulde passe with the most diligence that he coulde through the rest of the couÌ„trey without aresting in any parte To thintent that he gaue no time leasure to the other paysantes to assemble togider which thing he did In suche sorte that the self day that he was departed from Mylett he came vnto Pharsale lodged his campe nigh to the Ryuer of Apidane And fromthence he came into Phacie fro Pharsa into Perebie In which place those that had conducted him thider lefte him And was conducted by the Perebiens who be of the seigniorie and empire of the Thessalians vnto Dyon which is a towne vnder the mount Olimpus in the countrey of Macedonie on the coste of Thrace in thobeissance of Perdiccas In this manner Brasidas trauersed the countrey of Thrace bifore that any tyme was had for to empesche or lett his passage And he went vnto Perdiccas who was in Chalcide whiche Perdiccas the other Thraciens that were reuolted turned against the Athenians vnderstaÌ„ding their prosperitie fearing to be by them
recouer of their allyes vpon all the which there must be at leaste fyue thousande good warryors and more if it might be and besydes thatâ— a certayne nomber of Archers aswell of their owne as also of the countrey of Crete togiders with all other prouysions necessary for suche an army Which things heard the comoÌ„ people euen at the self houre by a generall decree did gâ—ue full power to the capitains and emperour of that same army for to prouyde for all thyngs to witt aswell for the nomber of men as for all other things necessary as they shuld thinke expedyent After whych delibâ—ration they attended diligently all things that was to be done in the cytie sente vnto their allyes to do the like on their partie for the cytie was already recreated of the grief damage which it had had aswell by the pestilence as by the contynuall warre And also was greatly augmented aswell with people as with monney by meanes of the trefues by occasion wherof the matter was muche soner and more easely executed The Athenyans than beyng attentyse diligent to prepare that whyche was necessary for the same enterprise all the hermes or pictures that were in the citie were in one night broken by the borders the greater parte in the visaige Thies hermes were certen statuers of stone entailled or carued foore kante wâ—â—eâ— which were comonly sett at the encringe into churches other sumptuous edifices as wel publique as priuate the nomber wherof was infynitt wtout that that anye man coulde knowe or haue any manner of token who had done it or who was the author therof although that there was great huyer offred to theÌ„ that shuld haue reuealed or vttred the dede And also it was proclaymed euery where that if there were any parson that had knowlaige of any thing which had ben comitted against the religion of gods he ought to vtter it wtout any fear of whatsoeuer estate he were were he cytizein or stranger free or bonde For they estemed that case much more than it meryted for that that it semed to theÌ„ to be an euill â—igne for that same voyage and a pronostication of a coniuration or conspyracy for to change the comon estate and gouernemeÌ„t of the citie And although that it could by no meane be knowin who did the acte yet neuerthelas certen pryuate persoÌ„s cytezens seruants came and declared that there had bene in times paste certen other statures and images broken by the yongth of the town who did it ayther through childishnes orells through rashnes also that in some particuler houses men did induely make sacrefyces wherw t they vnder a manner charged Alcibiades Wherunto those of whom he was hated dyd wyllyngly geue eare for that that they thought that he empesched them to haue authorytie ouer the people aud that yf they myghte remoue hym they myghte easely haue yt To thys intente they made the thyng more greuous and did sowe and dyuulge it through the towne that those faults which were comytted in sacrefyces and the breking of ymages concerned the subuersion of the comon welth And they fouÌ„ded their opynyon agaynste Alcibiades by manye tokens of his facyon of lyuinge and of the fauour that he had towardes the commons For the whyche they concluded that the same acte coulde not haue bene done wythout hym Wherunto he answered to the contrary offrynge himself to stande to the lawe and for to suffre suche punishmente as appereigned bifore his departure if he were founde coulpable And if he were founde innocent or giltles he desired to be absolued bifore he proceded in that same voiage saynge that yt was not reasonable that informations shulde be taken or any processe made in his absence but rather if he had offended that he shulde be condempnedde to deathe For also he sayde that it shulde not be wysely done of theym to sende a man fourthe with so greate authorytie and puissance charged wyth one suche a case bifore that he was purged But his haters or ennemyes fearynge leaste if the matter were knowin before hys departure that those that shulde go wyth hym in the enterpryse shuld not beare him fauour and that the meane people who was fauorable vnto him shuld waxe faint towardes hym forsomuche as through hys cause the Argiues and some of the Mantynyens were accompaigned to the Athenyans for that same voiage and enterpryse perswadedde the contrary and that the accusaâ—yon shulde be delayedde vntill after the retourne of the armye trustinge duringe his absence to imagyne and compasse againste hym greater troubles and to bryng that to passe they caused newe Ambassadours to comme who hasted the expedition of the sayde armye in suche sorte that yt was concluded that it shulde be so done And the same armye lanched fourth and toke sea aboute the myddell of Somer for to saile into Sycille hauynge many marchantes shippes aswell of theirs as of their allyes for to transporte victuailes and other preparation of warre whyche had bene ordened bifore that they were all ready at the porte of Corcyre to the intente that all to giders might passe the sea IonuÌ„ by the promontory of Lapigea And those Athenyans and other their allies which than were at Athens at the day that they had takene were ready in the porte of Pyreus about breake of the day for to embarque them self wyth whome did issue furth the greater parte of the people aswell of the cytezeins as of estrangers some for to accompany their chyldren and their parentes and the other their frendes all hauynge bothe hope and sorowe To wyt hope that the voiage shulde be proffitable and sorowe insomuche as they thought that they shulde not see agayn a good parte of those that wente so farre a voiage and also goinge thider they shulde leaue those whiche aboade at home in manye daungers and dydde putte and offer theymselfe into many othere on whyche dangers they than thought much more than they had done in determinynge the voiage And yett neuerthelas they conceyuedde suche confydence by seing one so greate a puissance togiders that the meane people yea euene those that hadde nother frendes nor parentes there and all the estrangers did comme for to see that spectacle or sight whyche they esteamed woorthye to be sene and greater than any man wolde haue thoughte Also in veray trouthe for an armie of one only cytie it was better appoincted more sumptuous than anye othere that had euer bene sene For although that the same whyche Pericles in tymes paste did leade into Epidaure and thother that Agnon did coÌ„duct into Potidea were as puissant aswel in nomber of ships as also of people forsomuch as in the later there were had foure thousand warriours fotemen and thre houndred horsmen all Athenyans one houndred galleis of theirs and fyftie aswell of the LesbieÌ„s as of those of Chio besides many other coÌ„paignyons of their allyes yet notwithstaÌ„ding thappareill preparation was muche lesser
Xenophantydas Laconiaâ— dyd come out of Chio to the Rhodes from Pedaritus who signifyed to the Lacedemonyans that were there that the wall which the Athenyans had reysed vp against the cytie of Chio was already fynysshed And that if all the army by sea did not right shortly come to their succours the same citie shuld be loste Which thing vnderstanding It was determyned by an generall accorde of theÌ„ all for to succour it In this meane time Pedaritus and the Chiens yssued fourth agaynst the rampars whiche the Athenyans had made aboute their shyppes with suche force that they did beate downe and breake one parte therof and also dydde â—ake some of the sayd shyps But the Athenyans beyng come to the succours of their men and rampares the Chiens did furst flye And afterwardes Pedaritus who was wylling to stande to it beynge habandoned of those which were about him was slayne a greate nomber of Chiens with him and a greate quaÌ„titie of harnoies takene By occasion of whiche ouerthrowe the cytie was assieged yet more straitly than bifore aswel by sea as by lande therewith was in greate necessiâ—ie of victualles On the other syde Pysander and his compaignions beyng arryued with Tyssaphernes they begon to treate with him the appoynctmente and to set fourth the parties But he fearing more the Lacedemonians than theÌ„ and as he that minded ensuing the counsaille of Alcibiades to suffre theÌ„ yet more â—o feoble and weaken the one the other did not wholy declare himself to the same Alcibiades Who perceiuing that did put fourth such parties bitwene the Athenyans Tyssaphernes that they coulde not agree whiche thing in my fantasie the said Tyssaphernes also purposed but to dyuers endes for diuers causes To witt Tissaphernes for that that he feared the PeloponesiaÌ„s therfore durst not wel departe froÌ„ them And Alcibiades for this that seing yâ— Tissaphernes was not willing to conclude the appoynctment he would not geue knolaige therof to the Athenians that it was not in his puissance to cause hym to coÌ„desceÌ„de vnto it but rather was he wylling to cause theym to bileue that he had already wonne hym and that they were the cause of the breaking of for that that they made to hym tomuch sklender offers And for to comme to hys purposes he demaunded of theym in the name of the sayed Tyssaphernes for whome he dydde speake in hys presence of thynges so greate and so vnreasonable that he was forcedde to kepe hymselfe frome agreynge vnto theym that the conclusion shulde not be made For furst he demaunded of theym all the countrey of Ionum with all the Islandes adioignyng to the same And that same beyng agrede vnto by the Athenyans at the thirde assemblie which they made for to shewe that he had some auctoritie with the kynge he demaunded them that they shulde suffer hym to make shyppes at hys wylle and wyth the same to saille into hys landes wyth suche nomber and as often as it shulde â—â—me good vnto hym The Ahenyans would not geue place to that demaunde but seinge that intollerable thynges were demaunded of theÌ„ and iudgynge them â—elf as deceyued by Alcibiades they departed in greate anger and disdeigne and retourned to Samie After that same Tyssaphernes the selfe wynter sailled agayne to Caunus to ioigne hymself a newe wyth the Peloponesians and to make allyance vpon suche conditions as he myghte payinge vnto them the soulde or wages at their pleasure to the ende that they shoulde not become hys ennemyes fearynge that if they were constrayned for to come to battaylle by sea wyth the Athenyans least that they shoulde be ouercome for lacke of men considered that the more parte of them had not be payde or ells that the Athenyans shoulde obteigne that whiche they required wythoute hym or happely that he feared more least that for to recouer their paymente they woulde waste and destroye the countrey of the kynge borderynge vnto theyme whiche was in the mayne lande For theis reasons than and for to come to his intentes whiche were to make the Grekes egall in force hauyng caused the Peloponesyans to comme he delyueredde theym paymente and soulde or wages of the armye by sea and dyd come to the thirde treatie wyth theym in this same manner and substance The thirde treatie of allyance bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the kyng Dareus THe thirtenth yeare of the kyng Dareus Alexippidas being Trybune of the people at Lacedemonie the treatie was made in the fielde of Meander bitwene the Lacedemonyans their allies of the one partie Tyssaphernes Theramenes and the childreÌ„ of Pharnacus on the other partie touching the affaires bitwene the sayd parties Furst that all the same whiche apperteigned to the kyng in Asia shulde remayne to hym and that he might determyne and dispose of his prouynce at his pleasure That the Peloponesians nor their allyes shulde not enter into the kinges countrey for to endomage it nor lykewyse the kyng into the countrey of the Lacedemonyans nor of the allyes And if any of the sayd allyes did the contrary the other shulde prohybitt resist them and the king lykewise if any of his subiectes did it in the laÌ„des of the sayd confederates That Tyssaphernes shulde pay the soulde or wages to the ships which be presently ready attending that those of the king shulde come and than the Lacedemonians and their said allyes shulde wage and enterteigne theirs at their proper costes expences if they would and if they rather desired that Tyssaphernes shulde paye the charge that he shulde be bounde to lende theÌ„ monney which shulde be rendred repayde vnto him the warre fynysshed by the sayd allyes That after that the kinges ships shulde be come they shulde ioigne with those of the allyes al togiders make warre against the Athenians so long as it shulde seme good to the sayd Tyssaphernes to the sayd Lacedemonyans and confederates if it shulde seme good vnto theÌ„ to departe froÌ„ the said enterpryse that it shal be done wyth a comon accorde not otherwise Suche were the articles of the sayed treatie After the whiche Tyssaphernes vsed diligence to cause the ships to come froÌ„ Phenice and to accomplishe all the other thinges which he had promysed and he shewed himself moreouer much affectioned vnto the enterprise About the ende of the wynter the Beotians did take the towne of Orope with the garnison of AtheniaÌ„s that were within yt that by the treatie of those of the towne also of some of the Erethriens hoping afterwardes to cause the towne of Eubee to rebell For the same towne of Orope being in the lande of Erythree which those Athenians did holde it coulde not be but that the losse therof shulde tourne to their greate domage aswell to the cytie of Erythree as to al the Isle of Eubee After the same the Erythreens sent to the Peloponesians that were at Rhodes for to cause theÌ„
that were there of the army by sea wolde not be agreable to that change nother obey their gouernance and leaste the euylland the discorde shuld beginne there and afterwards come into the cytie as it happened For after the time that the sayd change was made at Athens there was a mutyne and sedytion made in the sayd cytie of Samie for the selfe occasion in this manner For some Samyens the whyche in fauoure of the comons estate that was than in the cytie and for defence ther of were reysed vp and in the armure against the pryncipalles of the towne that wolde haue vsurped the admynistration did sone after tourne changed their opynyon at the perswation of Pysander whan he was come thider and of other his followers and accomplices Athenians whoÌ„ he founde there And willing to put downe the sayd comoÌ„ estate they assembled to the nomber of foore houndred fully determyned to assaulte and dryue awaye all those that conducted the comon gouernance pretendinge themself to be and represente all the comons And at the arryuall they dyd slay an vngracious man and one of an euill lyuinge an Athenyan named Hyperbolus who was bannisshed oute of Athens nother for suspytion nor feare that annye man had of hys puissance nor of hys aucthorytie but for synne and offence and for that that he procured shame to the cytie togiders with one of the Dukes Athenyans named Charminus and some other Athenyans that were in hys compaignie by whose counsail he gouerned himself And they determined to procede further in fauour of the smal noÌ„ber But the other cytezeins taking partie with the comon estate which vnderstode this coÌ„iuration or conspyratie did discouer it chiefly to some of the capytains that were vnder the charge of DiomedoÌ„ of Leon dukes of the AtheniaÌ„s The which dukes for somuche as they had had that same charge other honnour 's of the comoÌ„s were not coÌ„tent that the auctorytie shuld come into hands of a smal nomber And lykewyse they discouered it vnto Thrasylus wherof the one was patrone of a shipp and the other capytayne of the men of warre that were in the same and also the sayd men of warre whome they knewe to haue affection to the sayde comons estate prayinge and requyringe that they woolde not suffer them to be so foyled and ouercharged by the sayde coniuratours whiche had conspyred their death nother also in suche affayre to habandonne the cytie of Samie whyche shulde cause it to lose and wythdrawe the good wille that it had borne to yâ— AthenyaÌ„s if they wold change the fourme of lyuing which they had vsed vntyll that same time This thinge being so declared to the Chiefes and capitains they did speke particulerly to the souldyars perswading them not to suffre that same conspyratie to take effecte And furste they practysed the compaignie of the Athenyans that men call Pareles and afterwardes all the free men that were in that same Athenyan shyp whych had bene both than at all tymes byfore contrarye to the estate and gouernance of the smalle nomber and also were in good estymation wyth Diomedon wyth Leon in suche sorte that whan they made any voiage in the sea they delyuered vnto them willyngly the charge and warde of certayne shippes Those same than beynge ioygned wyth those of the towne that were for the comons estate they deâ—yed the thre houndred coniurators that were chosen and putt in authorytie Wherof they dyd slay thirty and bannisshed three of the pryncypal authors They pardoned the othere and restored the commons estate into his former auctorytie That done the Samyens and the Athenyan souldyars that were there did incontynently sende that same shippe wyth Parales togyders wyth that Capytayn and Patrone of the same ship named Chereas the sonne oâ— Archestratus that was aydinge to that same busynes for to aduertyse the Athenyans of that whiche had bene there done knowinge also that the gouernance of the cytie of Athens had bene putt into the power of four houndred Who vnderstanding the commyng of that same shyppe caused twoo or three of the sayde Parales to be taken and putte into prysone and caused the other to be charged into other shyppes and sent them into dyuers places of Eubea for to be suerly warded resarued Chereas who perceyuynge whiche waye the wynde wolde blowe hydde and saued himself and afterwardes retourned to Samie and reoported to those that were there alle that whyche had bene done at Athens and made the thynges muche greater than they were saying that all they that toke parte wyth the comons were beateÌ„ and oultraged wythout that that there was any one parsone that durste hysse agaynste the gouernours and that they oultraged and wronged not onely the men but also theire wyâ—es and children And moreouer that they determyned the lyke to all those that were in the armye of Samie that shulde be â—waruinge and discrepant from their willâ—â— and to take their wyues childrene and nexte parentes and to cause them to dye if they wolde not condescende vnto their wylle And the sayde Chereas reaported many other thynges whyche were all lyes wherby the souldyars were so spytefull and inflamed that they were of opynyon to slay not onelye those that hadde brought in the estate of a small nomber at Samie but also those alle that had cleued and consented therunto Beynge declared vnto them by some whiche entermedled for to quiett and appaysetheym that in so doynge they shulde putte the cytie in danger to fall into the handes of the enemyes whyche were in greate nomber in the sea for to come to assaulte them they dyd forbeare to do yt And neuerthelas wyllynge to sett vp agayne openly the comon estate in the same cytie Thrasibulus and Thrasillus who were the chiefes and pryncypall conductours of that same practique constrayned all the Athenyans that were there in the armye and chiesly those that toke partie wyth the gouernance of the smalle nomber for to helpe with their power to defende the comon estate and to follow touchynge the same that whyche those capytains wolde do and in that doinge to defende the cytie of Samie againste the Peloponesyans and to take the foure houndred newe gouernours of Athens for ennemyes and not to make any treatie nor appoinctement with theym All the Samyens whych were in age to beare weapons made the lyke othe vnto whoÌ„ the souldyars made also othe for to lyue to die with them in one self fortune Reputing that there was none other hope of welth nother for them nor for those of the towne But rather they al did take theymselfe for loste ayther yf the estate of foure houndred shulde take place at Athenes orelles if the Peloponesyans shulde take the towne by force In thies entrefaictes a longe tyme was employed ad lost whylest the souldyars Athenyans that were in the army of Samie wylled to restore the cytie of Athens to the comon estate and those which
shoare and trymmed those whiche were not ready and the other mounted vpon the walles that were at the entrynge of the sayd poorte for to defende it But the Peloponesyans shyps hauynge passed Sunie saylled or kepte their way bitwene Thorice and towardes Prastie and came fromethence to aboorde at Orope Whiche parceyued the Athenyans did soubdainly apprehende and take the maroners which they founde readye lyke as the custome is to doo in a cytie whyche is in Ciuille warre and in greate danger of ennemyes for to wythstande yt For also all the comforte and succours whyche they than had was oute of Eubea the coaste of the lande beynge occupyed by the ennemyes And so they sente Tymocrates with the shyps that they coulde than make readye into Erithree whyche after that he was arryued hauynge in all xxxvi shypps those same comprysed which were bifore alreadye in Eubea he was constrayned to fight forsomuche as Agisandridas hauynge already dyned was departed frome Orope and dyd come agaynste Erethrie whiche is not distante from the said Orope but three skoare stades by sea The Athenyans than seynge the armye of the ennemyes comynge in battaylle agaynste theym they mounted soubdaynly into their shypps thynkynge that the souldyars shulde haue fourthwith followed theÌ„ but they were skatered through all the quarters of the towne for to make prouysion of victuailles for that that the burgeoses of the same had maliciously founde meane that there were no victuailles to be solde in the markett to the ende that the sayd souldyars being occupyed to serche victuailles through the towne they myght not in tyme mount into the shyppes and by that meane that the ennemyes myght betrapp or soubdaynely take them And also they in the reste conuenanted wyth the ennemyes to make theym a signe whan they shoulde perceue that yt were tyme for to assaile the sayd Athenyans shypps Whyche thynge they dyd And notwythstandynge all this the Athenyans that were in the shyps wythin the poorte susteigned a good whyle the force of the enemyes but at the ende they were constrayned to putt theymself in flyght So they were followed by the ennemyes euene vnto the shoare of the sea whereupon those whyche retyredde into the towne as into the lande of frendes were by the burgeosses villaynously slayne But those whiche retyred into the fortes that the Athenyans helde were saued And lykewyse the shyps that coulde saylle vnto Chalcide were saued But the other that were to the nomber of xxii were takene with all those that were in them maronners and othere whereof some were slayne and the other deteigned prysoners and by reasone of the same victorye they reysed vp there a Trophee and wythin a small tyme after they brought all the Islande of Eubea into their obeyssance excepte Oree whiche the same Athenyans dyd holde and also compounded with all the places borderynge thereaboutes Whan the newes of the same ouerthrowe dyd comme to Athenes all the people were afrayde asmuche or more than of annye thynge that had euer happened vnto theym For although that the ouerthrowe whyche they had receyued in Sycille had bene of greate ymportance and many other losses whyche they had had at dyuers tymes yet the hoste whyche was at Samie beynge tourned and rebelled agaynste theym and not hauynge nother more shyps nor men to putt in theym and they theymselues moreouer in suche dissension in the cytye that they dyd but attende and watche the houre for to inuade the one the othere to haue presently loste after so manye calamyties and myschances euene at one instante all the Islande of Eubea oute frome the whiche they had more succours than oute of their oune lande of Athenes it shoulde haue bene a ryght strange thynge yf they had not bene thereof astonyed And somuche the more that the sayd Islande beynge so nyghe vnto the cytie they feared greatly leste the ennemyes in the furye and heate of the same victory would haue come fourthwyth all wyth one power into Pyreus the whych being wholye vnprouyded of shypps if they had had couraige they myght well haue done and chiefly they myght haue assaulted the cytie the whiche by that meane shulde haue come yet into greater deuysione or at the leste assieged it By whych doynge those that were in the armye by sea of the Athenyans in Ionum thoughe that they were aduersaries and agaynste the gouernemente of the foore houndredde shoulde yet haue bene constrayned for their particuler interest and for the welth of their cytie to habandone forsake the sayed countrey of Ionum for to come to the succours of their cytie And by that meane all the countrey of Ionum of Hellesponte and the Islandes that be in that same sea aboutes Eubea and in effecte all the Empire and the seigniorye of the Athenyans shulde haue come into the power of the Athenyans But the Lacedemonyans bothe in the same and in manye othere thynges were muche proffytable to the Athenyans and pryncipallye throughe the multytude and dyuersitie of people that there in their compaignie who were muche differente contrary and disagreynge bothe in wylle in manner of lyuing For some of them were hasty and dyligente the other slacke and loyterynge some hardye and the other fearefull and specially touchyng the feate by sea they were in great discorde whych redounded to the greate proffytte of the Athenyans And that myght be welle knowyn by the Syracusayns Who for that that they were all of one accorde and of one wylle dyd greate thynges and had faire victoryes And for to retourne to the hystorye the Athenyans hauynge lerned theis newes in whatsoeuer manner and necessitie that they were they neuerthelas armedde twentye shyppes and fourthwyth at the selfe houre they assembled togider in the self place of Pyreus and at an other tyme in a place whyche they name Picne wherein they had at othere tymes accustomed to assemble theymself and it was concludedde in the same assemblies that the foore houndred shoulde be deposed and that the auctorye shoulde be in the handes of fyue thousande of the whyche nomber all those myght be that coulde beare armure and that would sarue in the offyce without wages and whosoeuer would do otherwyse shoulde be abhorred and execrable Afterwardes there were manye othere assemblies wherein dyuers lawes and ordonances were made touchynge the admynistration of the common welthe And in the begynnynge therof it semed to me that they made manye good thynges for the conductynge of the common affaires to the welthe of the cytie reducynge and bryngyng the dissension that â—as amongeste theyme by cause of the particuler and common gouernement vnto a good meane whiche was occasion for to cause manye euilles thynges that were done in the cytie to ceasse and by that meane maigteigned yt Moreouer they ordeyned that Alcibiades and the other which were wyth hym shoulde be reapealled and called home agayne and lykewyse that yt shoulde be commaunded to theyme that were at Samie that they shoulde
coniecture vsing great ingratytude agaynste you as it is well knowen in such wise that knowyng the greate goodnes and playsures that you haue done to them and the malyce deceyte of theÌ„ that haue bene promoters and occasyoÌ„ of the said warre discensions together wyth the euils whiche haue chaunced be to happen yf it endure also your puyssaunce armye so strong that soner they maye therin loose than wynne lyke as they haue perceyued these two yeares passed shal cause theÌ„ to requyre pair Which God by his meane shall easely do hauyng alwaies bene desyred or purchassed on your behalfe or els froÌ„ theÌ„ that he shall knowe to be obstynate shall take away their strength meanes to execute it by such remedies perpepuell or temporall as his diuine prouidence shall knowe to be most conuenyent for the vnyuersal wealthe of Christendome as he hath already done to some of theÌ„ In such sorte that you may vse the remanante of youre daies in suertie reste to the great reioysing of your good faythfull subiectes to the prosperitie augmentacioÌ„ of your royaulme to the perpetuall glory of your Royall victoryous name in thys world and fynally after all to the eternall felicitie of your soule And I who vnto this my age which draweth to oldnes haue not hytherto discharged my self in any charge that God hath geueÌ„ me chiefly in the churche but haue employed all my time in temporal and worldly negotiations affayres requyre hym that I may in this that it shall please hym to lende me lyfe hereafter supplye after my frayltie to the faultes paste in hys seruyce wythout therfore to be withdrawen froÌ„ yours ther where it shal please you to employe me that I shall perceyue that I maye serue you your Royâ—ulme according to my estate and condition Wherunto I holde and repute my selfe bounden in conscience and cannot foresake so to do wythout incurryng the detestable synne of ingratitude which aboue all other I haue alwayes abhorred as the selfe thyng that I esteme to be most displeasaunt to God To whom I praye right souuerayne Lorde that it may please hym to order our operations and workes in the waye of hys commaundementes Here followe the Chapiters of the fyrste boke of Thucidides of the hystoryes of Peloponese c. IN the fyrst Chapter the Author doth shewe that the warre whereof he woll speake hath bene more greate then any other that the Grekes had euer had within theyr countrey or wythout and recyteth the begynnynge and vpcommynge of the countrey of Grece and of all the warres that they had had afore thys same Cap. i. The begynnynge of the growynge of the warre of Grece whiche began betwene the Corinthiens and the Corciriens and howe the Corinthiens hauynge bene vainquished by sea and preparynge them selues to begynne battayle agayne Ambassadours were sent by aither of both partes to the Athenyens to get their fauour or confederacyon Capit. ii The oration of the Corcyriens before the counsell of Athenes Capit. iii. The aunswere of the Corinthians Cap. iiii Howe the Athenians receyued the Corciriens into theyr allyance and sente theÌ„ succours and howe the Corinthiens and Corciriens had a battayle by sea in the whiche aâ—ther of them toke it that he had the vyctorye cap. v. The other quarells and occasions of warre that happened betwene the Athenians and Corinthyans by meanes wherof al the Peloponesians were assembled at Lacedemonie to conclude warre agaynst the sayd Athenians cap. vi The declaratyon or proposition of the Corinthians to the counsell of Lacedemonye agaynste the Athenians cap. vii The declaration of the Athenyans vnto the Lacedemonians cap. viii The narration and proposition of Sthenelaydes in folowyng wherof warre was concluded agaynste the Athenyans cap. x. Howe the Athenyans after the warre agaynst the Medians dyd buylde agayne theyr cytie and the begynnynge of theyr Empire or GouernauÌ„ce in Grece ca xi Of warres that the Carthagians had after the same of the Medyans vntyll thys present warre aswell agaynst straungers as agaynst the Grekes by meanes wherof they encreased theyr Empyre and auctorytie cap. xii The narratyon or proposition of the Corinthyans to the counsaylle of Lacedemonians before thassemblye of all the confederates Cap. xiii Howe the warre beynge concluded agaynste the Athenians by all the Peloponesians in the cytye of Sparte the Lacedemonyans sent theyr Ambassadours towardes the Athenians for to summone them of certayne thynges cap. xiiii Here Thauctour sheweth incidently the Trahisone that Pausanias woulde haue done agaynste the Grekes and howe he was slayne cap. xv Howe Themistocles duke of the Athenyens beynge persecuted aswell by them as also by the Lacedemonyans wente or fledde to the Kyng Artaxerses there ended hys lyfe cap. xvi Howe after many goynges and commynges the Athenians toke deliberation whyder they ought rather to accepte warre or to obey to the Requestes of the Lacedemonyans Cap. xvii The speakynge and the opynyon of Pericles in the counsaylle of the AtheniaÌ„s accordyng wherunto the aunswere was made vnto the LacedemoniaÌ„s ca. xviii ¶ The Chapitres of the seconde boke of Thucidides HOwe the Beotians before the warre was begonne dyd pryuely take the cytye of Platea whiche helde wyth the Athenyans and howe they were dryuen from thence and the more part of them that were entred with in were slayne Cap. i. The great preparatyon of warre whiche is made aswell on the behaulf of the Athenyens as also of the same of Peloponesians and the cytyes that toke part of th one syde and the other Cap. ii The narration of Archidamus Kynge of Athenyens Cap. iii. Howe after the persuasyons and exhortacyons of Pericles vnto the warres all the Athenyans that dwelt in the feldes wythdrewe themselues and theyr goodes into the cytye and dysposed them selues to the affayres of warre Cap. iiii Howe the Peloponesians dyd furste enter the lande of Athenes and the pyllages that they there made and how the Athenyans by the counsaylle of Pericles were letted to yssue or go oute reserued the men on horsebacke whiche were ouercomme Cap. v. Of many eâ—ployctes of warre that the Athenians dyd aswel by sea as by lande the sommer that the warre beganne and the wynter folowyng and also of some allyaunces and newe amyties that they made in Thracia and Macedonia and fynally of the Publique buryals or funerals that they celebrated at Athenes for them that dyed or were slayne in the same warre Cap. vi The funerall narration of Pericles Cap. vii Of the pestilence whiche was the sommer folowynge in the cytye and lande of the Athenyans and also of the feates of warre that were done of th one syde and of the other and of the despayre wherein the Athenyans were fallen Ca. viii The narration and preposition of Pericles to the people of Athenes for to appayse them to exhorte them to followe the warre and to indure and suffre the presente incommodites Cap. ix Of the vertues and
commendable conditions of Perycles Cap. x. Of some other exployctes of warre whiche were done the selfe same sommer aswell of the one syde as of the other and howe the cytye of Potydia dyd render it selfe by composition to Thathenyans Cap. xi Howe the cytye of Platea was assieged by the Peloponesians battred and assaulted and by the Cytezins defended Cap. xii Howe the Athenyens had an ouerthrowe before the cytye of Spartolia in the countreye of Beotians And the Peloponesians an other before the cytye of Stracia in the countreye of Acarnania Cap. xiii Howe the Athenyans had a victorye by sea agaynst the Peloponesians and how the one and thother partye dyd prepayre them selues to fyght at an other tyme by sea Cap. xiiii The exhortacyon of the capytains Lacedemonyens to theyr men of warre ca. xv The exhortacyon of Phormio to the souldyours Athenyens Cap. xvi How in that same seconde battayle on the sea aither of the parties reputed hiâ— self to haue had the victorye Cap. xviâ— Howe the Peloponesians failled to take the porte of Pyrea priuely Cap. xviii Howe Sitalces Kynge of Odrisians entred the countreye of Macedonia for to conqueâ—e it froÌ„ the Kyng Perdicas and howe he retourned Cap. xix Of some feates of warre that Phormio dyd in the lande of Acarnanâ—â— and of the originall or beginnyng of the sayde countrey Cap. xx ¶ The Chapiters of the thirde boke of Thucidides HOwe the cytie of Mythilene willinge to rebelle agaynste the Athenians was by them assieged And howe they sent towardes the Peloponesians to haue succour and of a discomforte that the Atheniens had in Noriqua Cap. i. The proposition and narration of the Mythilenians at the Assemblie of the Allyes and confederates of Grece Cap. ii Of some great preparations and of some small feates whiche were done that same â—eare of th one syde and of thother Cap. iii. Howe the Athenyas that were assieged in platea and one parte of the Cytezins dyd saue them self by greate force and laboure and passed throughe all the walles dyches aud fortes of the Peloponesienâ— whiche helde them assieged Ca. iiii Howe the Mythyleniens for faulte of beyng succoured in tyme by the Peloponesians dyd render them selues to the wylle of the Atheniens and it was determyned by the Athenyans to slaye them all and also of some thynges that were in that same tyme done by the people of bothe parties Cap. v The narration of Cleon in the counsell of Thatheniens Capit. vi The opinion of Diotodus agaynste that same of Cleon. Cap. vii Howe the cytie of Mythilene was in dangier to be vtterly destroyed and the punyshment that it receyued for rebellyone and howe the Plateans rendred themself to the wyll of the Lacedemonians also of some other feates of warre that was done the same yeare Cap. viii The defence of the Plateans before the Lacedemonyans Cap. ix The oration of the Thebains agaynst the Plateans and howe they were slayne and discomforted Cap. x. Howe the Peloponesians had a victorie by sea agaynste the Athenyans and the Corciriens that toke theyr parte by meanes of the dyuysyon that was moued amonge the same Corciryens Cap. xi The coâ—spiraties and partialities whiche roase vp aswelle in the cytie of Corciria as in all the other cytes of Grece by meanes of the warre that was betwene the Athenians and Peloponesians and the cursed euyls that thereby chaunced Capit. xii Howe the Athenians sent their Armye into Sycill and of that whiche they dyd and that that chaunced vnto them aswel in the ende of the same sommer as during the wynter and aboute the begynnyng of the sommer then folowyng both in the sayde countreye of Sycill and in Grece and also in their owne lande and howe the Lacedemonyans dyd buylde the cytye of Araclea Cap. xiii Howe Demosthenes Capytayne of the AthenyaÌ„s beyng before Leâ—cade departed to comme to make warre agaynst the Etholyens and howe he was by theÌ„ discomforted and some thynges that were done by the Athenians in Sycille Capit. xiiii Howe Eurylochus Capitayne of the Peloponesiens hauyng faylled to take the cytie of Naupacte at the persuasyoÌ„ of the Ambracyens enterprysed warre agaynst the Amphilochiens and the Acarnaniens and howe the Atheniens dyd purifye consecrate the Isle of Delos Capit. xv Howe Hurilochus and the Ambraciens were by Demosthenes and the Acarnanians and Amphilochians discomfyted two tymes in thre dayes of the sluggyshnes that the sayde Lacedemoniens vsed towardes the sayde Ambrociens Capit. xvi ¶ The Chapitres of the fourth boke of Thucidides OF some exploictes of warre that were done betwene the Athenyens and Lacedemonians and chiefly howe the place and Isle of Pylus was assieged by the Peloponesians and howe the truse was made amonge them whiche were in the armye Capit. i. The narration of the Lacedemonians to the Athenyans the aunswere which they had and howe the truse beyng faylled they began to warre agayne Cap. ii Of thynges that were done at thys tyme in Sycille aswell by the Athenyans theyr allyes as by them of the contrary parte Cap. iii. Howe the Athenyans had the victorye at Pylus Cap. iiii Of a victorye that the Athenians had agaynste the Corinthiens in theyr lande Capit. v. Howe they that were dryuen from Corinthe were taken by them of the towne by the helpe of the Athenyans and afterwardes cruelly slayne Cap. vi Of many victoryes and prosperytes whiche the Athenyans had in that same saysonne agaynst the Peloponesians and specyally in the Isle of Cithere and in Thrace and some other thynges Cap. vii Howe the Secilians at the persuation of Hermocrates made peace among theÌ„selues and retourned or sent away the Athenyans Cap. viii Howe the Athenians faylled to take the â—ytye of Megare by the confederacie of some of the Cytezens And how it was socoured by some of the Lacedemonians Cap. ix Of a losse of shyppes that the Athenyans had how Brasidas passed throughe the countreye of Thrace by the ayde of Perdicas Kyng of Macedonie and of some hys frendes of the sayde countreye for to come to ayde the Chalcidiens cap. x. Howe the Acanthiens forsoke the Athenians and dyd take parte with the Peloponesians Capit. xi The narration of Brasydas to the Acanthiens Cap. xii Howe Hipocrates and Demosthenes dukes of the Athenians made an enterpryse vpon the land of Beotiens in the which they alwaies fayled to their great losse and disauauntage Cap. xiii The narration of Pagondas to the men of warre Beotiens Cap. xiiii The exhortacyon of Hyppocrates vnto the souldeours at the Ioyninge of the battayle Howe Brasidas duke of the Lacedemonyens toke the cytye of Ampipholis secretely and some other in the countreye of Thrace by treatie Cap. xiii Howe Brasidas toke the cytye of Torone by treatie and consederation and that same of Lecythe by force Cap. xiiii The demonstracyons of Brasidas to the Toronians How the AthenyaÌ„s did make truse for one yeare with the LacedemonyaÌ„s cap.
xv Howe the truse betwene the Poloponesians and Lacedemonyans was broken by meanes of the cities of Sciona Menda which Brasidas dyd take through rebellyon of the Cytezens from the Athenyens Cap. xvi Howe Brasidas and Perdicas hauynge taken some landes from Arribeus vnderstandying that the Ilyryans came to ouerronne them departed asunder howe Brasydas beynge for saken of the sayde Pardicas and of hys bende saued hym selfe from the sayde Ilyryans and howe Brasydas and Perdicas became ennemyes Cap. xvii The exhortacyon of Brasydas to hys men of warre Howe the cytye of Mende was taken by the Athenyens and that of Scyone allieged and some other thynges that chaunced aboute the ende of the yeare Cap. xviii The chapiters of the fyfth boke of Thucidides HOwe the Athenyans by the conductynge of Cleon toke the cytye of Torone from the Peloponesians and of a voyage the whiche Pheax the Athenyan made into Italie and Sycille Cap. i. Howe Brasidas had a victorye agaynste Cleon and the Athenyens nere vnto Ampipholis in the whiche both the chyef Capyrans were siayne cap. ii The exhortacion of Brasidas vnto hys souldeours Howe the Lacedemonyans made peace for them and for theyr allyes and after howe they made allyance betwene themselues wythout the other cap. iii. The fourme of the allyaunce Howe the peace betwene the Athenyans and the Peloponesians was not obserued and howe the Corinthians and some other cytyes of Peloponese made allyaunce wyth the Argyues agaynst the Lacedemonyans cap. iiii Howe the Athenyans and Lacedemonyans were conuersante the same somer lyuyng in doubte dyssymulation th one wyth the other and of some exploictes treaties whiche were made duryng the sayde sommer on bothe sydes Cap. v. Howe the Lacedemonyans hauyng agaynst the forme of the treatye agrede made wyth the Athenyans concluded allyance wyth the Boetiens wythoute them the sayde Athenyans dyd it lykewyse wyth the Argyues the Mantynyens and the Eolyens cap. vi The tenoure of the allyance betwene the Athenyens and the Argyues the Man tynyens and the Eolyens Howe after many enterprises exploictes of warre that were done betwene the allyes of the Lacedemonyens of the one part and the Athenians on the other the sayd Atheniens at the request of the Argyues declared the same LacedemoniaÌ„s to haue done agaynst the treatyse of peace and of Thallyance and to be periured How the Lacedemonyans wyth their allyes beyng ready to fyght agaynst the Argyues their allyes before the citie of Argos A truse was concluded takeÌ„ A truse for .iiii. monethes by the Capitayne wythout coÌ„sent of the men of warre and howe the sayd truse was broken on the behalfe of the Argyues at requeste of the Athenyans and the cytye of Orchomenia taken Cap. vii Howe the Lacedemonians and their Allyes wonne a battayle agaynst the Athenyans the Argiues theyr other Allyes in the lande of the Mantynyens Ca. ix Howe peace was made betwene the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and after that the Allyance and of some other thynges that were done aswell on the behalf of the sayde Lacedemonyans as of the same of the Athenyans wythoute any declaration of warre cap. x. The fourme of the peace betwene the Lacedemonyans and Thargyues The fourme of the allyaunce betwene the Lacedemonyans and Thargiues Howe the cytye of Melea was assieged and fynally taken by the Athenyans some other thynges whiche were done the selfe same yeare Cap. xi The conference and communycaâ—yon that was betwene the Athenyans and the offycers of Melea for to treate appoyntemente betwene them Cap. xii The chapiters of the Sixt boke of Thucidides OF the Ylle of Sicile and by what people it was inhabyted and howe the Athenyans enterprysed to sende thyder theyr Armye by sea for to coÌ„quere it cap. i. Of some small exploictes of warre that were done the same wynter in Grece howe the Athenyans enterprysed to go wyth theyr armye into Sycyle to conquere it cap. ii The narracyon of Nycias before the people of Athenes for to dissuade and put of the enterpryse of Syryle Cap. iii. The narration of Alcibiades vnto the Athenians for to persuade the enterprise of Sycile cap iiii The narration of Nycias vnto the Atheniens intendynge yet agayne by an indirect fourme to breake of the enterpryse of Sycile cap. v. Howe the people of Athenes at the persuasyon of Alcibiades coÌ„cluded the enterprinse of Sycile And how the armye after that it was raysed departed from the porte of Pyreus cap. vi Of dyuers opynyons that were amonge the Syracusayns of the armye of the Athenyans and the narrations whiche Hermocrates and Athenagoras made vnto the people of Sarragosse and the conclusyon that thervpon was taken cap. vii The narration of Hermocrates cap. viii The narration of Anaragoras to the Syracusayns cap. viii The Conclusyon of one of the offycers of Sarragosse Howe the armye of the Athenyans departed from Corciria and howe it was euyll receyued bothe in Italy and Sycille cap. ix Howe Alcibiades beynge adiourned to aunswere at Athenes for crymes layde vnto hym went into Peloponese and incidently howe Hipparchus brother of Hyppyas some tyme Kynge of Athens was slayne cap. x. Howe after the departure of Alcibiades the other two capytains Athenyans hauynge done some small thynges in Sycyle came to assiege the cytye of Sarragosse and had a vyctory agaynste the Syracusayns Cap. xi The exhortacyon of Nycias vnto the men of warre Cap. xii Howe the Syracusayns hauyng chosen certayne newe Capytaynes and geuen ordre in theyr affayres made an assault agaynst them of Carana and howe the Athenyans faylled to take the cytye of Mellana Cap. xiii Howe the Athenyans and Syracusayns sente towarde the Camerins Ambassadours ayther partye to brynge them to theyr alliance and the aunswere that they made vnto them bothe And also the preparatyons and practyues that the Athenyans made the sayde wynter agaynst the Syracusayns Cap. xiiii The narration of Hermocrates vnto the Camarins The narration of Euphemus Athenyen to the Camarins Cap. xv Howe the Lacedemonyens at the persuasyon of the Corynthyens and of Alcibiades agrede to the Syracusayns to sende them succour Cap. xvi The narratyon of Alcibiades Athenyan to the Lacedemonyans Howe the Athenyans after they had made certayne preparatyons came to assiege the cytye of Sarragosse and of many vyctoryes that they had agaynst the Syracusaynes in makyng and assaultynge the rampares and fortyfycatyons on both sydes And howe the succours of the Peloponesians came into Sycyle and ofcertayne other thynges Cap. xvii The Chapiters of the seuenthe boke of Thucidides HOwe Gylyppus beynge entered into the cytye of Sarragosse wyth the succours of the other cytyes of Sycyle that toke hys partye loste one battayle and dyd wynne another agaynste the Athenyans and howe the Siâ—â—acusayns and Corinthians sente Ambassadours to Lacedemonie to haue new succours and lykewyse Nycias doth wryte vnto the Athenyans â—or the selfe cause Cap. i. The ouerthwart narratyon of Gylyppus to hys men
any of the other by that that they whiche were chosen out of other countreys by warre or for sedition wythdrewe themselues thyther as into a place sure and stable In suche sorte that the cytye of Athenes which is theyr princypall towne and alâ— the countrey came to so greate increase of people that the lande coulde not nouryshe them but were constrayned to sende parte into IonuÌ„ and there to make Colonies that is to saye townes peopled with theyr nation There is also an other argument whiche doth clerely to knowe that thys was not than anye greate thynge of the sayde countreye of Grece That is that it is fully certayne that before the warre of Troye that same Grece whiche also is called Heliade dyd nothyng by assembly And also had not that same name vniuersally specially afore Hellenes sonne of Deucalion nor yet any tyme sythens euery countreye hadde hys partycular name But after that the sayde Hellenes and hys chyldren had occupyed Lordeshyp in Theotide they beganne to leade oute and to cause theyr people to go from the same countreye throughe the other countrees and by that meanes dyd enterpryse to entermâ—dle and vse merchaundyse and then men began to call theym all commonlye Hellenes that is to saye Grekes And yet for all thys they coulde not so sone obteygne the same denomination ouer all by right longe tyme after as it appeareth by this that Homere who was longe tyme after the sayde warre of Troye nameth theÌ„ not all generally by that same name but calleth onelye them so whiche came frome Theotide wyth Achilles who were the furste so called But as touchynge the Danoes the Argyues and the Aâ—heans he calleth them by theyr sayde particular names and nameth them not therefore straungers for that as it semeth to me that thys nomynation was not yet attributed to that hole nation and countreye whiche we call Grece nor dysseuâ—red from other All the which excepted the same they name Barbarous or straunge And for conclusyon all the same natyon which is nowe called Grece hadde thanne particuler names And sythens by vsynge of one onely language it hath bene commonly called Greke which before the sayde warre of Troye did neuer any thynge by assemblye aswell by reason of theyr pouertye as also for that that they had no conuersatyon togidre But to that enterpryse of Troye they went all by meanes that they than had had conuersatyon amonge themselues and had frequented to eate together For Minos who is mooste auncyent of them of the sayde countrey of whome we haue harde spoken assembled a greate quantitie of shyppes wherewith he dyd holde and rule the greater parte of the sea which we call presently the sea of Grece And fyrst occupyed the Islandes called Ciclades whiche he peopled wyth hys subiectes hauyng dryuen from thence the Caryens And after hys death he lefte them for inheritaunce vnto his chyldren Aâ—d yet neuertheles chased from the same quartier the robbers of the sea as muche as he might as it is to be thought to the intente to enioye the better the reuenues therof For that that the Grekes and other nations which inhabyted nyghe vnto the sea and to the Islandes after that they begonne to vse shyppes and to sayle gaue them selues to pyllage and to robbe vpon the sea hauynge appoynted for thys purpose the myghtyest amonge them And thus they dyd aswell for theyr gaygne or lucre as also to nouryshe the poore people whiche dwelled on the lande In suche sorte that they daylye pyllaged the tounes that were openne and not garnyshed wyth walles and wyth the same pyllage they lyuedde the more part of them wythoute reputynge the sayde manner of lyuynge to be shamefull or a thynge dyshoneste But rather dyd take it for glorye and honnoure as men may see yet at thys presente daye of manye whiche exercyse the sayde Pyratycall or theuyshe crafte And that doth also declare it selfe by this that it is founde wryttone in manye Poetes â—hat whan the sayde people whiche inhabited the sea at that tyme dyâ— there encounter they demaunded th one of the other yf they were not theues By which it is good to vnderstand that they which made suche demaundes pretended that they dyd no vylleny to them to whome they dyd it nor toke it for shame to confesse it And yet at thys present daye in many quarters of Grece they kepe the selfe custome to wytte amonge the Ozelians that be in the countreye of Locriens amonge the Etholiens and the Acarnaniens whiche be in firme lande by occasyon wherof they were accustomed to go armed Whiche was thaâ— generall in all Grece for that that they had no suertye in theyr houses nor yet in theyr iourneys Wherfore they were constrayned for defence of theyr parsones to go alwayes armed lyke as all straungers do And in so muche as men maye yet nowe see that there arne many countreys in Grece whiche kepe thys manner of lyuynge it is to be presumed that it was auncyently the custome generall of all the Grekes Amonge whome the Athenyans were the furste that beganne to leue thys custome to go thus armed and so forsakyng that same maner of lyuynge they gaue them selfe to a cyuile and delycyous lyfe And it is not longe tyme passed sence the auncyent of the countrey truly they of moste reputacyon dyd were robes of lynnen clothe tryfles and muskballes of golde and theyr heares tourned and trimmed rounde by nethe And the same custome and maner of lyuynge hath bene vsed in Ionum by the accorde whiche they had with the Athenyans But the olde men sence that tyme there haue to thys present vsed a very small sort of habillementes And the LacedemonyaÌ„s which be most ryhe and moste pompous aswell in habillementes as in other maner of lyuynge go all apparaylled of one sorte the noble people as the â—oÌ„mone And they were the furste yâ— for to wrastelle spoylled or tourned theÌ„ selues all bare oynted them self wyth oyle where auncyently they which wold do lyke excersises in Olympe had before them lytle clothes to couer theyr pryueties and it is not lonâ—e tyme that they lefte to were them and the straungers do yet vse them specyallye the Aliatiques when they make the prize for the wrastelers fyghters For they receyued none yf they dyd not were breeches And in many other thynges it maye be shewed that the Grekes dyd in tymes past kepe those manners whiche the rude people nowe holde And to come agayne to our purpose of the cytyes of Grece those whiche of moste freshe memory were restoored and peopled specyally those that were ryche and had greate nomber of people hauntynge the sea buylded other cytyes vpon the portes and hauons of the sea and that they myght more suerly vse marâ—haundyse and also defende theÌ„selues froÌ„ their yll neyghbours they kept the straytes of the laÌ„de which were betwene two seas that is called Isthmos but the auncyent cytyes
whereby albeit that it were not very greate yet neuerthelas they that intermedled acquyred and gotte greate riches greate reuenues and greate lorde shyppes by meanes that in saylinge they subdued many Islandes chiefly those that were in the barayne contrey and lackynge many thynges necessary Also they made not than anye warre by lande wherby myght be gott one anny greate puissance for insomuche as the warres were betwene neyghbour and neyghbour there was no greate gettynge vntyll they beganne to go fourth by sea to conquere without thair countreys for they coulde not agre togithers to obey vnto the great and principall cyties of the countrey And when they were assembled to counsell vpon warre they coulde not agre of the ayde that euery countrey shulde make and contrybute but wythoute commune assembles they warred the one neyghboure agaynste the other so as occasyons sarued theÌ„ Untyll the warre whych in tyme past was bitwene the Calcides Eretriens in the whyche all Grece was deuyded toke part with the one with the other After that many empeshementes happened vnto euery of the sayd people of Grece which wtholded theÌ„ froÌ„ encreasyng theÌ„selues For as the Ioniens beganne to augmeÌ„te themselues Cyrus wyth the myght of Perse came vpoÌ„ them after that the same Cyrus had vaynquyshed Cresus he toke by force and subdued all the countâ—ey whyche is betwene the ryuer of Halis the sea As touchyng the other cyties of Grece the gouernours that had dominatioÌ„ ouer theÌ„ toke no care but onely to kepe thair persones thair auctorytie to enryche enlarge thair particuler howses And for that cause went not much fourth of the sayd cyties for to go to conquerre a farre of Also it is not founde that they dyd any thynge worthy of memory but onely a certayne smal warre amoÌ„gest theÌ„ bitwene neyghbour neyghbour resarued theÌ„ that occupyed Sycille who were most puyssant After yâ— saison it chauÌ„ced that the rulers aswell of Athenes as of the other cyties were chased away by yâ— LacedemoniaÌ„s excepted theÌ„ of Sycille For the cytie of Lacedemonie after that it was encreased by the Doryens who at this present dothe inhabite there albeit that very long tyme it was troubled by cyuile sedytions dissentions as we haue vnderstand yet alwayes lyuyng both in the tyme also of auncyentie in good manners by good lawes yt preserued it selfe fro tyrannye maynteygned his libertie For we fynde that there were passed more than foure houndred yeares from the ende of the warre wherof we speake yâ— the LacedemonyaÌ„s had hadde the same fourme of lyuing oâ— gouernance of publique wealth as they presently nowe haue and also were so puyssante by meane therof that they amended the gouernaunce of other cyties An one after the tyrantes were dryuen out of Grece the Medes warred against the Athenyens and vainquyshed them at Marathonica and tenne yeares after the kynge Xerxes came with an iâ—estymable puyssance for to subdue hole Grece For to resiste whose puyssance by a common accord of all Grece the Lacedemonyans as most myghtie were made chief of the sayd warre And the AthenyaÌ„s parceyuinge the commyng of the strangers determyned to forsake thair cytie and to bestowe themselues in thair shippes whiche they had caused to be made and apparailled for that purpose and by thys meane they became people of the Sea And certayne tyme after that yâ— by one accorde and by one comon assemble they had dryuen away the straungers all the Grekes that were rebelled froÌ„ the obedyence of the Persyans and lykewyse they that were vnyted to resiste them deuyded them selues into two factions the one vnder the LacedemoniaÌ„s and the other vnder the Athenyansâ— for that that those two cyties were moste myghthie of all the other to wytt Lacedemonye by lande and Athens by Sea and yet neuerthelas they abodde by a certayne smal space of tyme in good amytie makynge warre and takynge parte together But anonne after warre began bitwene the same two cyties and thair allyes and there was no nacioÌ„ of Grekes in any parte of the worlde that folowed not the one parte or other In such sort that froÌ„ the warres of the Medes vntill thys here wherof we speake they haue bene alwayes in warre or in respyte of warre to wytte the sayd cyties the one agaynst the other or ells agaynst thair subiectes that rebelled agaynst them By meanes wherof they be by longe experyence greatly exercysed in armes and also be well prouyded of all thynges necessary for warre Nowe the sayd two cyties had dyuers manner of lyuynge with thair subiectes and allyes For the Lacedemonyens made not thairs trybutoires but wolde alonely that they shulde gouerne themselues as they dyd to wytt by a certayne small nomber of the moste honest people amongest them for thair profitt and vtilitie But the AthenieÌ„s by a lytle and a lytle gott to them all the good shippes that thair allyes had excepte them of Chio and of Lesbos and after dyd laye vpon them certayne trybute by meane wherof they made an armye more great and more myghtye on thair side onely than all the couÌ„trey of Grece had euer made bifore fro the tyme that they made warre generally together Suche was the estate of Grece in auncyente tyme as farre as I canne fynde albeit that it be ryght harde to beleue if a man wolde narrowely consyder and debate all the tokens or signes For somuche as the people that heare speakynge of thynges passed though that it be of thair countreys and of thair owne ancesters they suffre the bruyte to spreade abrode ronne as one reporteth it vnto theÌ„ wythoute enquyrynge any further of the trouthe For we se that the Athenyens bileue and say commonly that Hyparcus was slayne by Armodyus and by Aristogitone for that he was a tyrante and they do not consyder that in the same saysone that he was slayne Hippias whyche was elder brother of Phisistratus reigned in the cytie of AtheÌ„s of whoÌ„ Hiparcus and Thessalus were brotherne and that one daye Armodius and Aristogiton who had interprysed to kylle them all three imagenynge that thair purpose had bene discouered by some thair accomplyces vnto the sayd Hippyas durste not execute thair enterpryse agaynst them doubtynge that he had bene aduertysed therof but yet neuerthelas they determyned to do some thynge worthy of memory bifore they were taken so they came to fynde Hyparcus who was makynge sacrefyce in the temple that is called Leocorion and there they slewe hym And in many other thynges wherof men haue yet memorye we fynd that the other Grekes haue faulse opynion and thynke them to be other than they haue bene As the Lacedemoniens who bileue that thair rulers whan they putt the balles in the boxes in the counsaile to shewe thair opynion dyd putt in euery of them not one onely that is to saye that they had two voyces And that there
hadde bene a company of pirates in thair countrey whiche neuer was So slouhâ—fulle and neglygent many people be to serche the trouthe of thynges But who wyll consyder the argumentes that I haue broughte in and approued by thys that I haue aboue recyted shall not be deceyued Nor shall geue full faith vnto poetes Who make the matters more great than they are by faynâ—ngesâ— nor also vnto historiaÌ„s who myngle poesies through out thair historyes and study more to speake playsante thynges than veritable lyke as Herodotus dyd Wher by it is chaunced that a great parte of that that thâ—y sayde wythout vâ—ynge any argumentes or tokens of trouthe by successyon of tyme is holden and reputed for a fable And yet is true And although that men haue alwayes iudged thys warre wherof we wryte to haue bene vâ—ry greate and sithens that it hath bene ended haue by workes therof had in admiration the former and auncyent yet it shal be shewed euidently vnto all them that woll dyligently consyder the one and the other that thys here hath bene moche greater than any of the other And notwythstandynge that it shulde be a very harde thynge for me to shewe all the counsayles that haue bene holdenne the deliberatyons opynyons and coÌ„clusyons and all the other purposes that were put fourth aswell in generall as in particuler and aswell bifore the warre begon as after not only of that which I haue vnderstanderstande by other but also of that that I haue harde myselfe yet that whiche I haue harde of credible persones that were present at the communyâ—ation and that dyd speake thynges consonante to the trouthe after the comon opynion I haue putt it togither by wrytynge And as touchynge that whyche hath bene done durynge the warre I wyll not wryte that that I haue hearde say of all people though it seme vnto me verytable But only that that I haue sene and that I coulde vnderstande to be certayne by credeble parsones that haue had true kâ—owlayge And also it hath not bene without dyfficultie to knowe the trouthe for those themselues that had bene present dyd speake dyuersly after thair particuler affectioÌ„ or after as they mynded it And for that that we woll not speake tryflynge thynges it may be well that our hystory shall not be so delectable to reade and to heare But they that wyll knowe the trouthe of thynges passed and by the same consyder and iudge thynges that may chance herafter suche or the lyke shall fynde it profytable For thys is not our intente for to make for thys present tyme a tale playsante to heare for one tyme but a historie profytable to be know in foreuer And to declare howe that this warre hath bâ—ne greater than that whiche the Grekes had agaynst the Medes It is very wel kâ—owen that the same was ended in two battailes by sea and so many by landeâ— there where as thys endured ryght longe tyme. and also there happened many euylls by meane ther of in Grece suche as no maÌ„ dyd euerse to happeÌ„ in lyke tyme though all those that haue bene done in Grece were recoÌ„ned or accompted aswell by straungers as amongest themselues were it by townes destroied and lefte desolate or inhabited agayne by other people the auncyeÌ„t being chased awaye by fortune of warre were it by cytezeins or people slayne and bannyshâ—d by dyssentions and â—yuil sedytions And yet by an other true tokenne it maye be welle iudged greater than the other auncyeÌ„t wherof the renome hath remayned and that is by the signes other myshappes that hath bene sene aswel by greate and exceadynge Earthquakes that chauÌ„ced in many places of Grece as also by the Eclipses and obsturations of the sonne more ofte than had bene euer sene and also by greate extreme heates wherupon folowed greate famyne and after a vehement pestylence whyche broughte many people to deathe All whych thynges came wyth the warre wherof we speke Of the whych the Athenyens and the Peloponesyans were authors hauynge broken the peace that they had made for thyrty yeares after the takynge of Eubece And to the inteÌ„t that there be no occasion to enquyre the causes wherupon this so greate a warre beganne I am wyllynge to reherse yt here And I agre or graunt that the most true and pryncyple was after myne iudgemente wherof there ys no speakyng the feare whyche the Lacedemonyens hadde of the Athenyens whom they saw in shorte tyme to be so myghtie Notwithstandynge the reasons that were alleged publiquely and commonly on the one syde and on the other for the whiche the peace was broken betwene them were suche as I shall declare The begynnynge of the Arising of the warre of Grece whiche begonne bitwene the Corynthiens and the Corcyriens And howe the Corinthiens hauyng bene vainquyshed by sea and preparynge to begyn bataile again Ambassadours were sent by aither of both parties towardes the AthenyeÌ„s to wynne or obteigne thair aide and fauâ—ur ☞ The .ii. Chapter EPydanne is a cytie which lyeth on the right hand as men coÌ„me from Grece into IonuÌ„ by sea which bordreth vnto the TaulancieÌ„s which be strangers of the countrey of Iliria Into the same in tymes past came to inhabyte certayn Corcyriens brought thider by Phalius the CorinthiaÌ„ who was of the disceÌ„te of Hercules sonne of Erathoclides which Phalius was geueÌ„ theÌ„ for chief or hedde by the CorinthieÌ„s who were thair superious Metropolitains of the sayd CorcyrieÌ„s wtout whose lyceÌ„ce it was not laufull to the same Corcyriens to go to buyâ—d a new Collonie or habitatioÌ„ in an other couÌ„trey after thair lawes And with the sayd Corcyriens some of the selfe CorynthieÌ„s a noÌ„ber of the Doryans went thider to inhabite And so it happened that wtin a small tyme the sayd Collonie towne of Epydanne became greate mightie aswell in riches as in people But hauing bene many diuisioÌ„s amonge theÌ„ some straÌ„gers thair neighbours made afterwardes warre agaynst them By meanes of whyche warre thair force and puyssance was gretly dymynished and fynally by the last sedicion and mutyne whych they had bifore this warre whereof we treate the comoÌ„s did chase awaye the nobles and the pryncipall gouernours of the cytie who wythdrewe themselues towardes the straungers th aire neighbours wyth whome they came oftentymes to ouertunne and pyllage the lande of the sayd cytie aswell by sea as by land whych seinge they that taryed within sente thair messengers towardes the CorcyrieÌ„s as to thair Metropolitains prayinge them that they wolde not suffre them so to be destroyed but to seâ—de them some parsone to make appoynctemeÌ„t with theÌ„ that were dryuen out to appaife the warre of the straungers which requeste the said messengers made in all humylitie to the CorcyrieÌ„s beinge assembled in the teÌ„ple of Iuno But they graunted theÌ„ no prouysion wherupon the Epydannyans seinge themselfe so forsaken and destituted and not knowynge what way to take to
be delyuered fro the said warre sent other messengers to the teÌ„ple of Delphos to knowe of the god Apollo who gaue there hys aunswers if it were expedieÌ„t for them to geue thair cytie to the Corinthiens whyche hadde from the begynnynge brought thair auncestors into the same to thintent that they shuld come to succour theÌ„ The which god made them aunswere that they shulde geue themselues to the sayd Corinthiens and take dukes and capytaynes of thair people whyche aunswere receyued they sente thair Ambassadors towardes the sayd Corinthiens to shewe theÌ„ how that they had bene brought to the sayd place of Epidanne by one of thair citezeins and also that they were admonyshed by thaunswere of god Apollo to comme to render themselues vnto them Seinge whyche requeste the Corinthyens deliberated to go to succour them aswell for that that they reputed theÌ„ asmuche thair burgeoses as of the Corcyriens as also for the hatred that they had agaynst the Corcyriens who albeit that they had auncyeÌ„tly bene thair burgeoses and that the cytie of Corcyre had bene founded and peopled by the Corynthiens yet they passed not vpon them and in thair publique feastes dyd not them the hounours whyche the burgeoses of a towne were accustomed to do to thair cytie Metropolytayne And also in thair sacrifices they gaue not to the cytezeins of Corynthe any place more honnorable than vnto other And the sayd Corcyriens dyd thys for that that they were than very ryche and mightie by monney and all apparaille for warre asmuche or more than any other cytie of Grâ—ce they were also fyerce for the puyssance that they had had by sea yet more greate than they at that tyme had And for the glory that the Phaetians who bifore had inhabited in thair cytie had hadde in feates of the sea whyche moued them to kepe alwayes an armyâ— by sea whyche they than had myghty inoughe For at the houre that they beganne the warre they had six skoore shippes The Corynthyens than being hatefull to the Corcyriens for the reasons aboue said sente of thair people to garnyshe the towne of Epydanne and also some Ambrothiates and Leucadyans and further suffred to all those of thair cytezeins and subiectes that wolde to go thider to inhabyt And for that that the Corcyriens were stronger by sea fearynge that they wolde impesche thair people whyche they sente to succonr the sayd Epydannyans if they wente by sea they caused theÌ„ to go by lande vntill Apollonia which was one of thair townes whaÌ„ the Corcyriens vnderstode that the Corinthians garnyshed the sayde towne of Epydanne wyth thair people and thinhabitaÌ„tes therof were geuen vnto them they were greatly displeased So they incontynently sente thider an armye with xxv shyppes and wyth an other nomber of shyppes to trouble them the more they sente them whome they had chased oute of Epydanne afore sayde whyche came furste vnto them to render themselfe shewynge thair aâ—ncyente nobilitie whyche myghte be sene in the sayde place by the graues of thair auncestors prayinge them that they wolde sette them agayne into th aire houses and to chase awaye the garnyson of the Corinthians And for that that the sayde EpydannyeÌ„s refused to receyue theÌ„ to obey to the sayd Corcyryens they came to assiege theÌ„ wyth fourty shyppes accountyng them wyth the bannyshed men whome they wolde haue sette agayne into the towne and they called to thair allyaunce the Ilyriens neyghbours to the sayde cytie Hauynge than assyeged the towne they caused yt to be cryed wyth the sounde of a trompett that the habitantes or other straungers that were within the same myght comme fourth in suerty and they that wold tary wythin were declared enemys But seing that none of them came fourth they determyned to assaulte the towne whyche is situated vpon a dystreayte of land compassed about with the sea on both sides The CorinthiaÌ„s being aduertysed of this seage asseÌ„bled thair army to go for to uccour thair people and ordayned to sende to the sayd place of EpydaÌ„ne a new Colonie of thair citezeâ—s and so made suche an ordenaunce that they that wold not than go wyth the other whyche presentely wente thyther for to dwell there might afterwardes â—ome and haue asmuche parte as they payinge from that tyme to the people of Corynthe fyftene groates a pece so there were many that payde monney to be there receyued aâ—terwardes On the other syde the Corynthiens sente towardes them of Megare to pray them that they wold lende theÌ„ thair shippes for to accompaigny them if the Corcyriens wold empesche them who sente vnto them .viii. shippes wel appoincted They of Paules that is a cytie of Cephaleniens iiii the EpidauriaÌ„s fyâ—e The HarmyoÌ„s one The TroesaniaÌ„s twayne the Leucadians tenne and the Ambrociotes viii as touchyng the Thebanis and the Philasiens they demaunded of them monney and of the Heliâ—s empty shippes and monney besydes thys the sayd Corinthiens hadde on thair syde thyrty shippes armed and apparailled and thre thousande fote men whan the Corcyriens vnderstode the greate preparation that the Corynthians dyd make they sente towardes them messengers and withe them came thider Ambassaders from the Lacedemonyens and Sycionyans who demaunded of the Corinthiens that they shulde withdrawe thair garrisone from Epydanne wyth thair burgeoses that they had sent thyder to inhabitt ther for that that they had nothynge to do with the Epydannyans and if they there pretended any ryghte they offred to stande to the ordenance of some of the cyties of Peloponese suche as they shulde deuyse together and if they wolde not stande to the ordenance of man they were content to be iudged by god Apollo Delphique rather than to make warre wyth them And that they shuld wel aduyse and thynke that if they wolde come by force they shulde constrayne the same Corcyriens to make newe allyances for to defende theÌ„selues wherunto the Corynthiens aunswered them that if they caused the shippes and straungers that were bifore Epydanne to be wythdrawen the rest myght afterwardes be commoned vpon For it were to no purpose to speake of puttynge the matter in iustyce hauing thair Siege afore the towne To thys the Corcyriens replyed that they were content to do yt prouyded that the Corinthians shuld withdrawe thair people froÌ„ the towne therupoÌ„ wolde geue such suertie by othe as was accustomed that both parties shulde surcease all exploictes of warre vntyll the dyfference shulde be determined But the Corinthians who bifore had thair people embarqued the suâ—cours of thair allyes all ready wolde not so agree but sente bifore an heraulte to defye the Corcyrieâ—s by by departed from thair porte with .lxxv. shyppes two thousande â—ote men to go agaynste Epydanne fully determyned to fight agaynst the Corcyriens Now the capytaynes of the shyppes were Aristeus sonne of Pelicas Callicrates sonne of Calie
and suffyciently declared before you accordyng to the lawes of Grece our right and that whiche raysonne wolleth and that whiche we shall hereafter shewe is in manner by exhortacyon and requeste And also we woll not demaunde any thynge of youe as youre ennemyes to hurt you nor yet as your frendes to abuse you but for to be vsed accordynge to raysonne and also we thinke that youe ought to do it for that that in that tyme that you had warre agaynste the Egenytes before the warre of the Medyans at which tyme youe had no great shippes the Corynthyens leante you twenty By meanes of whiche seruice you had the victorie agaynst the sayde Egynetes and by meanes of this that the other Peloponesians dyd for oure loue not geue any succour vnto the Samyans you toke vengeance on them at youre wille And that was done in tyme of one so greate a warre that the people for the desyre that they had to vainquyshe their ennemy regarded none other thynge But helde for frende all men that ayded them at that theyr busynes though that before they had bene theyr ennemyes and for ennemy euery man that was on the other parte although he had bene before their frende For also they left theyr particular and domestycal affayres wythout geuing order therin for the desyre and obstinacye that they had to reuenge them on theyr enemyes Wherfore those amonge you that haue remembraunce of the sayd pleasures and seruyces and the other yonger men that haue harde it spoken by youre auncyentes ought to be of opinion that meÌ„ shuld recompence them by lyke meanes And yf it shulde be sayde that that which we speake is very reasonable but that that which the other present shulde be more profytable yf there be warre we aunswere you that howe muche the more that men procede iustely in theyr causes so much the greater profyt doth comonlye followe And the warre wherof the Corcyryens do put you in fears and for doubte therof do persuade you to do vnreasonable actes is not yet certayne that it shall fortune And therefore it is not reasonable that for suspytyone of a warre incertayne youe shulde take the quarell presented by the Corcyryens agaynst vs your frendes and allyes And yf youe haue any Imagynation of the sayde warre for suspycyon that is chaunced betwene vs by meanes of them of Megare youe ought by your wyttes and prudence nowe to dymynyshe and asswage it rather than to encrease it For a good saruyce done in seasone though iâ— be lesse may refrayne and appease a faulte and ennemytie goynge before muche greater than the saruyce And you shulde not be moued for the offer that they make you of theyr shyppes for it is greater suertie for you not to take quarelle agaynst youre frendes egall vnto you than to gett greate thynges of people pufled vp wyth pryde for a lytle presente prosperytie with the daunger that may chaunce by meanes of them Furthermore we that be in the same fortune that we were whan we requyred the Lacedemonians do make vnto you the selfe requeste trustyng to obteigne it of you as we haue of them to wytt that it maye be laufull for euery of vs to punyshe and correcte hys burgeoses and subiectes And that in stede to haue bene ayded agaynst yours through meane of our opynyon and decre youe woll not hurte vs agaynst ours by your sentence but rather render the lyke vnto vs. and consyder that nowe is the tyme that he that shall serue shal be holden for euer for a trewe frende and he that shall deserue for a greate ennemye And for conclusyon that youe receyue not these Corcyryens here to your amytie and allyance agaynste oure wylle nor geue them any ayde agaynst vs. In whiche doynge you shall do youre dutye and that that apperteygneth to youre osfyce and also shall do the thynge that shal be profytable for you Sâ—che was the speakynge of the Corinthyans Howe the Athenians receyued the Corcyryens into theyr allyance and sente them succours And howe the Corinthiens and Corcyryens had a battaile by sea wherof ayther of them toke it to haue the vyctorye The .v. Chapter AFter that the Athenyans had harde bothe parties they dyd put the matter into deliberatyon two tymes Whereby at the furst they fouÌ„d the raysons of the Corinthiens as good as the other But at the secoÌ„d tyme they changed theyr opynyon and concluded to make allyance wyth the Corcyryans not in the manner that they requyred it To wytte for to be frendes of frendes and ennemys of ennemys For in that doinge and goyng agaynst the Corynthyans wyth them they had broken the allyance that they had wyth the Peloponesians But onely for defence of the one partye and of the other yf any came to assaultt them or anye of theyr allyes For withoute that they doubted greatelye to haue warre wyth the Peloponesians and they wolde not suffre the Corcyryens to be destroyed who were so stronge by sea But they woulde suffre them to warre amoÌ„gest themselues by that meane to dymynyshe theyr strengthe and after that they were weakened to take warre agaynst hym that they shulde thinke good On the other parte they consydered the commoditie that they myght haue by meane of the sayde Islande for to go into Italy and into Syâ—ylle To thys intente the Athenyans made allyance confederation wyth the Corcyryans in the manner that is declared And anone after the departure of the Corynthyans they sente them for succour tenne shippes armed wherof Lacedemonius sonne of CymoÌ„ Dyotymus sonne of StroÌ„bicus and Protheas sonne of Epycles were Capytaynes Unto whom they defended that they shulde fyght agaynst the Corynthyans excepte they came agaynst Corcyre and would go on lande for to take or endommage the cytye or territorye of the same in whiche case they myght defende them for theyr power fearyng to breake the peace which they had wyth the Corynthyans which they pretended not to do by that meane After that the sayd tenne shyppes were departed the Corynthyans who had made theyr preparatyon came agaynste the sayde Islande of Corcyre wyth an houndred and fyftye shyppes of yâ— whiche there were tenne of the Helyens and asmany of the Eleucadyens twelue of the Megarens .xxvii. of Ambracyens one of the Anactoryens and the reste of theyr owne which were foure skore and tenne And euery of the straungers had theyr Capytaynes and rulers by them self Of the succours that they had sent and of the shyppes of the Corinthians Xenoclides sonne of Eurydes wyth foure collegues or compaignyons that were appoynted vnto hym was Capytayne So they departed altogether wyth a good wynde from the poorte of Leucade and came vâ—to the lande that is foranempste the Islande of Corcyre to wytt to the mouÌ„teigne named Cymerium which is the mouth or entry of Thesphrotide In whiche place there is a poorte and above the poorte a cytye distante from the sea
And anone after the sayde twenty shippes aryued at the porte of Leucine where the Corcyryens were wythdrawen passynge ouer the deade and the broken peces of the shyppes that were brused drowned of which twenty shyppes Glaucō sōne of Leager Andocydes sonne of Leogorus had the conducte And for that that it was night the Corcyryens at the furste burnte were in doubte that they had bene ennemys But hauynge certen knowlayge of them they receyued them with greate ioye The morowe after the thirty shyppes of the Athenyans wyth them that were lefte hoole vnto the Corcyryens wente out of the poorte wyth theyr sayles displayed and came agaynst the porte of Sibota where the Corinthians were to see yf they would come agayne to battayle Who whan they sawe them so to come departed frō the porte into the mayne sea all in good order and there kepte themself sure only to defende them not willing to go to assayle thē For that that they feared the sayde shyppes newely comme which were all freshe and hoole and theyrs were greatly hurte or empayred at the battayle the day before and theyr people were busyed to kepe the prysonners that they had taken in the sayde battaile and also they coulde not refreshe themselues wyth any thynge in the place of Sibota where they were for that that it was deserte and barayne So they cared not but howe they might honnestly wythdrawe them self into theyr quarter fearyng that the Athenyans wolde not suffer them to departe from thence vnder coulour that they hadde broken the peace by that that they came to assayle thē the daye before So they deuysed to sende vpon a brygantyne some of theyr people towardes the sayde Athenyans withoute any heraulte for to espye what they wolde do Who spake vnto thē in this maner You do agaynst reasone lordes Atheniens to begynne warre vpon vs commyng directly agaynst the treatie of peace that we haue togidres and to let vs that we maye not chastyse oure subiectes And yf you be deliberated so to do and to empesthe vs that we maye not go agaynst the Corcyryens or ells where that we woll and by that meane will to declare your selues our ennemyes beginne with vs that be here intreat vs as enemys At which wordes the Corcyryēs that coulde vnderstande them beganne to crye all with one voice that they shuld be taken and all slaine incontinētly But the Athenians aunswered thē in this manner Lordes Peloponesians we perceyue not that we haue broken the treatie of peace whiche we haue with youe For we be not comme hyther to fyghte wyth youe but onely to defende and kepe the Corcyryens oure allyes Wherfore yf youe woll go anye where elles than into theyr lande we woll not trouble youe but yf you come to endomage theyme we woll defende them with our power which aunswere receyued by the Corynthians they prepared them self to retourne vnto their houses But before theyr departure they sett vp theyr Trophee in token of victory in the firme lande of Sibota And after theyr departynge the Corcyryens gathered togeder theyr brokenne shyppes and deade people whome the wynde from of the marreys had in the nyght dryuē to the shore of the sea euen as they aryued Afterwardes they set vp an other Trophee in signe of victory in the Islande of Sibota directly agaynste that same of the Corinthians For bothe parties pretended to haue had the victory To wytt the Corinthians for that that they kepte the sea vntyll nyght and gathered many shipwrackes of the shippes drowned and also great nomber of their deade people and further had taken more than a thousande prysonners and drowned aboutes threskoore tenne shippes with ennemys And the Corcyryens for that they had drowned about .xxx. shyppes with ennemys and gathered together the shipwrackes and theyr deade bodies aswell as they And moreouer for that the daye followyng hauing had the new ayde and strengthe of Athenyans they had offred them battayle and they durst not marche forwardes but were retyred In thys manner both partyes departed hauynge opynyon of the victory The Corinthians in theyr retourne toke sodenly and pryuely the towne and porte of Anactorye which is at the entrye of the Goulphe of Ambracie whiche poorte was common betwene them and the Corcyryens so they fournyshed it wyth theyr people And afterwardes retourned to Corynthe where beyng aryued they solde of the Corcyriens which they had prysonners aboutes eight houndred and two hundred and fyftye they reteygned ouer whome they set good watche trustyng by theyr meane to ouercome and recouer Corcyre For the more parte of the sayde prysonners were of the principall of the cytye Suche was the ende of the same furste warre betwene the Corynthyans and Corcyriens after the whiche the Corinthians retourned to theyr habytacyons The other quarells occasions of warre that happened betwene the Athenians and the Corinthians By meane wherof all the Peloponesians were assembled at Lacedemonye for to conclude warre agaynst the sayde Athenyans Cap. vi THe warre wherof we haue spoken was the chief occasyon of the same that was afterwardes betwene the Corynthians and the Athenyans For that the sayde Corinthians pretended that the same Athenyans had broken the treatye of peace with them by geuyng succours vnto the Corcyriens agaynste them Afterwardes there chaunced other occasyons to moue warre betwene the sayd Athenyans and all the Peloponesians which were these The Athenyans perceyuynge that the Corinthians wente aboute to reuenge them selues on them came to the towne of Potydea whiche is vpon the destrayte of Palenes was one of the Colonies of the same Corinthians and theyr subiect So they cōmaunded vnto the inhabitantes that they shuld rase downe their walle of the syde of Palenes And furthere to geue thē pleadges and to dryue away theyr gouernours and offycers whome the Corinthians called artifycers and sente theym euery yeare vnto them not to receyue them more from thence forwardes And this dyd they fearynge that the sayd Potydiās shuld haue declared agaynst them also caused the other allyes to declare which were in the coūtrey of Thrace at the procurement instigatiō of the Corinthians and alfo of Perdicas sonne of Alexander kynge of Macedonie who was newely become theyr ennemy although that before he was their frende and allye By meane of this that they had made amytie and alliance with Philippe hys brother and Dodras whiche hadde warre agaynst hym For feare of which allyaunce he wente to the Lacedemonians and had perswaded thē to make warre agaynste the Athenyans And so was allyed with the Corinthiens for to take into hys tuition the towne of Potyde And furthermore he practised with them of the countrey of Chalcyde that be in Thrace and with the Beotiēs for to cause them to rebell agaynste the Athenyans hopynge that yf through thayde of the same townes and countreys he myght brynge them to his allyance he
that the ennemys had lately gayned all that whyche was bifore vs we determyned to leaue our cytie and to destroye our houses and to loose our particular goodes not for to habandonne and forsake our freÌ„des and allyes and to disperse ourselues into dyuers places which if we had done we had not done them any saruice but we went fourth to serche the dangers vpon the Sea wythoute hauinge regarde or shewinge any grudge againste you for that that ye came not to succoure vs in tyme of nede wherfore we may well say for trouth that we were as profitable than vnto you as you vnto vs. For youe that kepte stille the townes inhabyted and therin had your goodes and your wyues and childrenne fearing to lose them came to our ayde not somuche for vs as for yourselues For if you hadde mynded to haue done for vs youe shulde haue come thider bifore oure cytie had bene habandoned and destroyed but as touchynge vs in forsakyng our towne whiche nowe had no more fourme of a cytie for to succour yours than whan it had no great apparance to saue yt selfe we were well wyllinge to coÌ„myt and putt ourselues into the dangers of the sayd warres and by thys meane was cause for a greate parte of your saulftie and of ours where if we had bene mynded to submit ourselues vnto the kynge of Mede as many other countreis did fearynge to be destroyed or after that we had habandoned our cytie had not had the hardynes to take the seas but as people faynte harted had wythdrawen our ourselnes into sure places truly ye durst not haue comme bifore the ennemy with so smal nomber of shyppes as youe than hadde wherupon by that meane youe shulde haue bene constrayned to haue done as he wolde wythout any faightinge Nowe semeth it not vnto youe lordes Lacedemonyans that for thys our hardynes and prudence we be wel worthy to haue and obtaigne the principalitie seigniory whiche we nowe haue Whyche ought not to be enuyed nor molested by Grece for that that we gott yt not by force but partly by pursuyng the ennemyes whiche you woulde not do and partly at requeste of some of our allyes that came to praye vs that we wolde take them into oure protection and gouernance By meanes wherof we haue bene constrayned to consarue and encrease our principalitie from that tyme vntyll this presente furste for feare afterwardes for honnour and fynally for proffytt And seinge also that we we enuyed of many people and that some of our subiectes and confederates be lately rebelled againste vs whome we haue subdewed and chastised yea and that youe arne moued to departe from our amytie and haue some suspition againste vs we shulde not be well counsailled to desiste from our trauayle but we shulde putt ourselues into greate daungier Fo they that shulde departe from our obeysance shuld come vnder yours wherefore no man is to be blamed if in thynges wherin he parceyueth greate danger he prouydeth for his indempnyte And youe lordes Lacedemonyens do not you gouerne for your profitte the cyties of Peloponeâ—e And if youe had contynued in your Empyre from the warre of the Medes vntil this present youe shulde haue bene both enuyed as we be of strauÌ„gers and also molestuous and rigorous to youre subiectes And of force youe shulde aither haue bene blamed to haue bene to farre imperiall and rygorous to youre subiectes or ells haue bene constrayned to put your estate into dangier And therfore if that we haue taken and consarued the rule and superiorite that hath bene geuen vs we haue done no newe thynge nother that that ys contrary to humayne lawes and customes And also there be thre great thinges that defende vs to leue and forsake yt to wytt the honnor the feare and the proffytte And of the other parte we arne not the inuentours and authors of suche thinge for it was neuer otherwyse but that the more weake were constrayned to obey vnto the stronger And we be well woorthy and do merytt so to do in our iudgement and also by yours if you woll egally consider both proffit and reason For no man woll prefarre reason somuche bifore proffit that if any hoÌ„nest occasion be offred hym to obteigne aduantage by force that he woll lett yt slippe And they be to be praysed that in vsynge and administringe right be of nature more bening and gracious in thair gouernement than the rule ryght of gouerning requyreth lyke as we do And if our Empier came into other mens handes we thinke that they shulde better parceue yt Althoughe that for this oure bountie and gentlenes we gett more reproche than prayse whych is a thinge very vnresonable For for that that we vse the selfe lawes in our contractes and in oure iudgementes with our subiectes whyche we vse amonge our selues besides this that it is a thynge contumelious and shamefull for vs yet they repute vs to be playdors and contentious And there is not one among theÌ„ that consydereth that there ys not any people in the worlde that more geÌ„tly entreate thair subiectes thaÌ„ we do And also men do not obey to other that be playdours as men do vnto vs. For it is laufull for them to vse force against thair subiectes whyche be intierly thair obeissantes wherfore it is not for them to come therto by iudgement nor proces But concerninge ours for the libertye whyche they haue bene accustomed to haue with vs and to be egall wyth vs in iustice if a man do them wronge in any thinge by deede or by woorde be it for neuâ—r so small a matter for the opynion that they haue in the rightuousnes of oure gouernanceâ— and that it shulde not be taken from them they not only be not thankefull to vs for that the remanant was lefte vnto them that men might haue taken from them by force but also they take yt for more displeasure to lose that lytle of thair good than if at the begynnynge we had vtterly captyued them to our wille and vsed towardes them violence not iustyce And yet in this case they durste not ones haue murmured or grudged but being our subiectes by wylle they would haue thought it a great offence to disobey vs. For we see euydeÌ„tly that the people take it to be more greuous and are more angry whan they be wronged than whan they be forced Also whaÌ„ a maÌ„ speketh to defraude one or to do hym wrong it is sayde that the iustyceys comone but whan a man speaketh of constrayninge it is vnderstanded that there is a superiour vsinge wille Of this cometh yt that they whych presently be our subiectes whan they were in subiection of the Medes indured paciently thair Empyre and now ours semeth vnto theÌ„ to be harde But to a discrete parsone this is no maruaile For al subiectes do alwayes coÌ„playne of the seignyorie that is presente And if your selfe had changed our Empire and shuld rule our subiectes truly
the benyuolence that youe shuld gett of them for the feare that they haue of vs shulde tourne into euyll wille or displeasure if youe wolde kepe the trayne and shewe yourselues of the sorte that youe declared in that lytle tyme that ye had the gouernance of all Grece in the warre of the Medes For youe do not comunycate your lawes and youre customes to othere And moreouer whosoeuer is sente by youe to be Duke or Capytayne in any armye he vseth not other manners than he was wonted to bifore Nor such as all the remenant of Grece doth vse but by all facyōs doth make strange particularites and differente frō other wherfore lordes vouchesaulf to cōsider that the matters wherof ys question be waightie and of greate importance And be well worthy to be longe consulted vpon And geue not somuche faythe to the connsaille and accusacyōs of the other people that you take this charge so great vpon youe But thinke well before the begynning of thys warre of what importance it is and the daungers that may chaunce For by lengthe or contynuance of warre happenne many hazardes From whyche we yet arne clere bothe youe and we But whan it shal be bigoune yt is not knowin vpon whiche of vs they shall fall Also it is certayne that they that be to desirous and hasty to begynne warre do peruerte the order of reasone For they begynne by execution and by force whyche shulde be laste after that it were well consulted whyche faulte no man shall fynde in vs and also we see not that it is yet in youe For this cause whiles the thinges be entier and hole we woll well admonishe youe that youe take good aduise nother to breake the peace nor to falsefie your othe And if there be any difference betwene vs let vs auoide yt by the manner conteigned in oure sayd treatie of peace Orells we protest and take to wytnes the goddes by whom we haue sworne that yf you be the Authors of the warre we wol pursue yt vnto the ende Thus dyd the Athenyans speake And after that the Lacedemonians had harde aswel the complayntes of the Peloponesians as the declaracyons of the sayde Athenians they caused them all to go fourthe and put the matter into deliberacion amonge them selues So the more parte of them were of opinion that the Athenians dyd wronge and that it was expedient to moue war against them wythout longer tariyng Whiche parceyuyng the kynge Archidamus who was taken to be a wyse man and of clere vnderstandinge stoode vp and did speake in this manner The narration and proposition of Archidamus kinge of the Lacedemonyans The .ix. Chapter I Haue experimented many warres lordes Lacedemonyans and also I knowe that there be many amonge youe that be in suche age that they wolde not counsaille to warre by imprudency and rashly as yt chauncethe to many and also wolde not repute warre to be a thynge suer nor good And if we consyder this same wherof questyon ys presently had we shall not take yt to be smalle For if question were to make warre agaynste the Peloponesians our neighbours our strength shulde be lyke vnto thairs For that that we might leade our armye subdainly agaynste euery of them But to make warre againste them that be farre from vs and that be greatly experymented in the sea and fournished habundantly of all thinges necessary to wytt of ryches aswell in particuler as in comone of shippes of horses of harnnes of people asmuche and more than any othere cytie of Grece and also haue moreouer many allyes trybutours vnto them howe shulde we enterpryse yt or vpon what hope Consydering that we arne vnprouyded of all thynges to assayle them fourthwith For if the question be of an armye by sea we arne much more weake thā they so be we of siluer for that the we haue none in general nor meane to recouer it by and by of particulars Some do trust peraduēture that we arne more puyssante than they in the feate of warre And that we haue more people By meane wherof we may easely ouerrunne and waste thair landes But yt muste be consydered that whan we shall haue well wasted thair territorye they haue much other landes elleswhere And also they haue the Sea whyche shall furuyshe thē alwayes of that that shal be necessary for them And whan we shal haue practised and caused thair subiectes and allyes to rebell they muste be succurred by sea For that the more parte ys inhabytinge in the Islandes And therfore what manner warre shall ours be Consideryng that if we be not stronger than they in the sea or that we take not from thē y◠revenues wherwyth they do furnishe the charge of thair shippes we shall destroy more of oure landes than of thairs And also we may not afterwardes departe with oure honnoure frome warre specyally beinge thauthours of yt And we oughte not to hope that by hauynge pyllaiged and wasted th aire landes we haue the sonner fynished the warre But I feare rather that in this doing we leue yt vnto oure children For it is not to bileue that the Athenyās haue to small harte that for seing thair terrytorie wasted that they woll render them subiectes vnto vs or that they be so afrayde of warre as if they did not knowe what it is And yet notwithstandinge I am not so destytute of wytte that I woll counsaile youe to suffer your frendes allies to be iniuryed And that youe cause not the wronge and deceytes of the sayd Athenyans to be parceyued But I saye truly that youe ought not yet to take armure and make warre agaynste them But youe shulde sende towardes them and sommon them to do right Shewinge them that we be not minded to suffre suche thinges And that rather we woll fyght than indure them wythout alwayes to shewe that we be to soore chased to beginne the warre And in the meane tyme we maye prepare our case drawinge to our amytie newe people aswell Grekes as straungers from all parties Whereby we maye haue ayde of shippes and of monney For yt is lawfull for them that by th aire allyes be euill handeled as we be by the Athenyans to take allyaunce and to make amytie with all people for to saulfe and to kepe th aire estate And also we maye in the meane tyme assemble oure particuler forces And if they obey vnto the demandes that our Ambassadours shall make vnto them it shal be a right good thing And if they do it not we shall haue by puttinge this practique in vse two or thre yeares space for to fournishe vs of that that ys nedefull And we may afterwardes if we thinke good begynne the warre And whan they shall see our preparation to be suffycient for to execute that whyche we shall haue signefied vnto them they shal be more enclyned to obey vs. And specially hauynge thair terrytorie intier and not wasted For that shall cause questyon for to determyne
cloked meane that they coulde not to suffer them to departe vntill that he were come again vnto theÌ„ In the meane time aryued togither his companyons of the Ambassade to wytt Hambronicus son of Lysicles Aristides sonne of Lysimachus who signefied hym that the walles of Athens were nowe of good heigh and defensible For he feared that whaÌ„ the Lacedemonyans vnderstode the trouthe of the thinge that they wolde restrayne them The Athenyans did righte well that whyche he commaunded them whereof after that he was aduertysed he came to the counsayle of Lacedemonyans and shewed them that the walles of his cytie were nowe made iâ— suche sorte that they were defensible for them that were within yt And if the sayde Lacedemonyans or thair sayde allyes woolde froÌ„thence forwardes sende thair Ambassadours they sholde sende them vnto people that vnderstode well what were eâ—pedyent and profytable for a comon wealth For at what tyme yt semed vâ—to them eâ—pedyent to forsake thair cytie and enter into thair shippes they shewed that they hadde the harte and mynde to do yt without counsaille of any othere And also sithens in all the affayres that happened duringe the warre whan they were putt into deliberation th aire opynion was founde so good as any of the other And therfore they thought yt good most expedient and profytable that thair cytie were enclosed with walles rather than to leue it open aswell for the wealth of them as of thair allyes for yt were impossible that thinges might egally be consulted vpon where as indiffereÌ„cie were not hadde wherfore it was nedefulle aither that all the cyties confederated shulde be wtout walles orells that those LacedemonyeÌ„s confesse acknowlaige that those of AtheÌ„s haue bene made with good raison The Lacedemonyens shewed not theÌ„selfe to be displeased against the AtheniaÌ„s for thies wordes For also they sent not thair Ambassade to impesch theÌ„ precisely to make thair walles but only to perswade them to put the matter into general deliberatioÌ„ For yâ— that they had theÌ„ in great loue for the good wyll that they had shewed for saruyce that they had done at the warre of the Medes Neuerthelas also they were sory to haue bene so deceyued of thair opynioÌ„ In this maÌ„ner retourned ThaÌ„bassadours of both partes wtout any declaratioÌ„ of displeasure And also the cytie of Athenes was by this meanes in shorte tyme enclosed with walles which were made with greate haste as may be well perceiued by this yâ— men may se the fouÌ„dacions to be of many sortes of stones in some places they be not â—ayde egall but as they were founde And also men may see there many stones wrought and entailled whiche had bifore â—arued for monumentes or tombes and had made the circuicte of the walle muche more large than the towne was And for this cause they toke the stuf in all places to fournyshe yt Besides this Themistocles perswaded the Athenyans to make an ende of the walle whiche he had caused to be begonne in the yeare whâ—Ì„ he was gouernour and ruler of the cytie abâ—ute the gaate of the sayd cytie that is called Pyree aswell for that that the place was very propice so as it than was and yet beinge enclosed shuld be more necessary hauing thre natural portes enclosed as also to the intent that the Citezeins might the rather geue theÌ„selfe to saylinge whyche was the thyng by meanes wherof he thought that the cytie might be made more puyssante For this cause he was the furste that had the hardynes to say to the AthenyaÌ„s that there lacked to rule the sea And incoÌ„tynently afterwarde beganne to enterprise the Empyre Thus by hys counsaileâ— the wall was made and fynyshed wherwith the porte of Pyree was enclosed so that we se it now if such largenes that two wagons may passe there al of great quartered fre stones wtin fourth made with chalke sande and on the owte side the stones be ioyned with graspes of irone with leade But yet it is not raysed aboue yâ— one halfe in height that it was appoynted to be of which was such that if it had bene so made A very fewe people though they were no warryous might haue kepte it agaynste a greate armye And the other people of defence myghte haue entred theyr shyppes for to fyght For all hys entente was principally to the affayres of the sea For thys cause as I thinke that he perceyued that the Medes yf they wolde retourne into Grece might come sooner more easely by sea than by laÌ„de Wherfore it was more expedyeÌ„t to fortefye the porte of Pyree than the cytie For this cause he oftentymes perswaded the AtheniaÌ„s that yf they were constrayned or ouercharged by lande they might retyre strength them in thys place and make all their defence by sea In suche manner the Athenyans after the departure of the Medes fortefyed theyr cytye and theyr porte wyth walles Anone afterwardes Pausanyas Lacedemonyan sonne of Cleombrotus Duke of Grekes departed from Peloponese with twenty greate shyppes And with hym went thirty other shyppes wyth Athenians togeders with a greate nâ—mber of other theyr allyes whiche wente all to lande in Cypres where they toke by force many townes and cytyes And froÌ„ thence went to Bizance which the Medes dyd yet than hold and dyd take it lykewyse by force All which thinges were done vnder the conduct of the sayde Pausanias But for that he shewed hym selfe to lofty or high and imperiall towardes the allyes and impytuous to all other and specyally to the Ionyans and those that newely had bene recouered from the obeysance of the Medes they could not indure it but prayed the Athenyans for the amyte and allyaÌ„ce that was betwene them that they woulde be theyr heades and not suffre that the sayde Pausanias shulde so oppresse and ouertreade them Wherunto the Athenyans gaue willyngly the eare and watchedde the meane and occasyon howe they might most honestlye do it So chaunced it that in the meane tyme Pausanias was sent for or commaunded home by the Lacedemonyans who had nowe ben aduertysed by many people of the vyolences that he dyd and that he gouerned hymselfe more lyke a tyraunte than a Duke And by thys meane all at one tyme he was called backe all the Grekes became vnder the obeysance of the Athenyans reserued them of Peloponese And after that the same Pausanias was come agayne to Lacedemonye he was conuicted of many violences particuler pyllages bâ—t no greate cryme coulde be approued agaynste hym Neuertheles before he was acquyted it was layde to hys charge that he had confederacie wyth the Medes And for so muche as it was in a manner clerely approued so to be they wolde not sende hym agayne to the armye to haue the charge but in hys stede they sent Docres and certayne other Capitaines with a small nomber of people But whan they were aryued at the armye the sayde men of warre seing
that Docres regarded them not retourned vnto theyr houses Whiche seynge the Lacedemonians wolde not sende other vnto them fearyng that those that they shulde sende theÌ„ shulde become worse lyke as they had experimented by Pausanias And moreouer they desyred gladly to be delyuered from the warre of the Medes And to leue the charge therof to the Athenyans who semed to them to be people mete to haue conduyte therof and also were than theyr good frendes The AthenyaÌ„s hauynge by thys meane taken the auctorytye and principalitie vpon the Grekes imposed and rated for euery of the cities confederated a certayne nomber of shyppes and a certayne quantytie of monney for defence of the countrey against the Medes And also to reuenge them of the euyls that they had done in the countreye of Grece Wherunto the sayde confederates dyd gentely agree for the great hatred that they hadde conceyued agaynste Pausanias And than treasourers and receiuours were furst created by the Athenians for to recouer and kepe the monney of that same imposte whiche they called Tribute And it was the furste that euer had bene imposed ouer the Grekes and yt amounted to the some of foure houndred threskoore talentes and the temple of Delos was chosen for to kepe it in And there the sayde confederates dyd make theyr assemblies and so euery of the confedered cytyes at the begynnynge did chose theyr Dukes and heades whiche dyd gouerne them accordyng to theyr lawes And they were all called and had theyr voyce in the common consultacyons that were made for the feates of warre The Athenians came to thys degre of rule and auctorytye by occasyon of warre with the Medes And for the deâ—yre that they had to do greater thynges But sythens the sayde warre vntyll this presente whereof we speake the sayde Athenyans dyd many greate feates aswell agaynst strauÌ„gers as agaynst theyr coÌ„federates that wolde haue made nouuelties and also agaiÌ„st certayne PeloponesiaÌ„s which in all the affayres of the sayd AthenyaÌ„s were willyng to withstande and hynder them The whiche matters I am mynded here to brynge in departynge somewhat from my narration for that that all they whiche haue writtonne before me haue omytted this parte makynge onely meÌ„tion of thynges that were done before the warre of the Medes or in the same warre And specyally Hellicanus who speaketh some thynge in hys hystorye of Athenyans and toucheth it compendyously without parfaictynge or makynge distinction of the tyme. Also it semeth vnto me conuenyent to make this narration for that that thereby it shal be vnderstande howe the Empyre of the Athenyans hath bene establishedde Of warres that the Carthagians had after that same of Medes vntyll this presente warre aswell agaynst the straungers as agaynste the Grekes by meanes whereof they increased theyr Empyre and auctorytie Cap. xii ANd furste vnderconducte of Cymon sonne of Mylciades they toke and pyllaged the toune of Eyonne which is vpon the ryuer of Strymonne that the Medes dyd kepe After they toke and fourraged the Isle of Scyre that is in the sea Egee and froÌ„ thence chased the Tollopes who kepte it and dyd inhabyte it with their people And after they had warre agaynste the Caristyans and other of the Isle of Eubee whome fynallye they subdued by treatie and successiuely the Naxiens that were rebelles against them who being conquered by force were the furst of the cyties confederated that the Athenyans brought into seruitude agaynst the fourme of the allyance And they dyd the lyke afterwardes vnto other which rebelled â—n lyke manner which many dyd by reasone of this that whan they faylled to fournish the nomber of shyppes or to paye the trybute that they had graunted or ells that they departed from the armye wythout lycence the Athenyans constrayned and punished theÌ„ rygourously which thing was to greuous for theÌ„ to â—ndure For that they had not bene accustomed to be so constrayned And neuertheles they sawe the Athenyans vse more auctoritie thaÌ„ they were accustomed that the warre was not egally made by reason of this that those AtheniaÌ„s had the power to coÌ„strayne theÌ„ that fayled wherof they themselues that were constrayned had bene cause for that that through stouthfulnes to go to warre and that they wolde not forsake their houses some amonge them had compounded to geue moneye in steade of shippes whiche they were bounde to fournyshe for theyr portion By meane wherof the power of the Athenyans waxed strong by sea and they abodde holy destitute of shyppes In suche sorte that whan afterwardes they woulde haue rebelled they founde themselues vnprouyded and coulde not resiste After these thynges the Athenyans and theyr confederates made warre agaynste the Medes And in one daye hadde two victoryes the one by lande nyghe the ryuer of Eurymedone in the countreye of Pamphilie and the other vpon the sea nyghe therunto vnder the conducte of Symon In whiche battayle by sea were taken and descoÌ„fyted all the shyppes and galleis of the Phenycians which were to the nomber of two houndred It chaunced anone after that the Thasians rebelled from the sayde Athenyans by occasyon that the same Athenyans made theyr estaple of marchaundyses and specyally of Iron in the quarter of Thrace whiche was on the other syde of the sea dyrectly agaynst them But the Athenyans sente thyder theyr armye by sea whiche descomfyted that same of the Thasians And afterwardes landed and assieged the cytye In thys selfe tyme they sente tenne thousande housholdes aswell of their citezeins as of theyr allyes to the quarter of Strymonne for to inhabyte wyth theyr people the towne whiche was than called neuf chemins and is nowe named Emphipolis and chased from thence the Edonians that held it But afterwardes those Athenians beyng entred further by lande into the countreye of Thrace were all descomfyted nyghe vnto Darasinque by the people of the countrey who were despleased that the sayde towne was so peopled with straungers In these affayres the Thasians that had bene ouercome by sea and were assieged by the Athenyans as is before sayde sente towardes the Lacedemonyans to requyre succoure prayinge theÌ„ that they wold enter into the countreye of the sayd Athenyans to thintent that they mighte be constrayned to rayse and breake theyr siege and go to succour theyr laÌ„de which thynge the Lacedemoâ—yans dyd secretely graunte to do and had parfourmed it had not bene a greate earthquake which happened in theyr countrey By meanes wherof they durste not enteryryse that warre And also it chaunced in the selfe same tyme that all the captyues of the Lacedemonyans that were in the quarter of Thuriate and of Eschee dyd flye vnto Ithome which slaues or captyues were for the more parte descended of thancyent Messenyens that were brought into captiuitie And herfore they were al called Messenyans By occasion wheroâ— the Lacedemonyans beganne warre agaynste them of Ithome and thereby coulde
and on the sea syde by the galleys of Phenycians In suche manner that the greater parte were drowned and the other saued themselfe with force of oores Suche ende and yssue toke the great armye and enterpryse of the Athenyans and of theyr allyes in the countreye of Egypte After the whiche Orestes sonne of Echratydes beyng chased from the countrey of Thessale by the kynge of the sayde lande named Phassalus had recours to the sayde Athenyans and perswaded them in suche wyse that they enterprysed to set hym agayne into the sayde countreye And so came with ayde of the Beocyans and Phocyans to lande in Thessale And toke that that was in fyrme lande nyghe the sea and kepte it so longe as they helde themself in battayle all togethers for the horsmen of the kynge withstood◠them to enter any further into the countrey By occasyon wherof seyng that they coulde take no stronge towne nor execute theyr enterpryse they retourned without doyng any other thynge but that they caryed Orestes wyth them Anone after a thousande Athenyans that were in the place of fountaynes named Pegase whiche they helde entered into theyr shyppes that they had there and came to arryue in Cycione vnder the conducte of Porydes sonne of Xantypus And beyng landed they descomfyted an armye of Syconiens that came to ouerrunne them This done they toke the Archers into theyr compaignye and passed through Acarnie for to comme to take the the cytye of Emade and so assieged it But seynge that they coulde not take it they retourned And thre yeares after they made truse for fyue yeares with the Peloponesians Duryng the whiche albeit that they kepte abstynence of warre in Grece yet they made an armye of two houndred shippes aswell of theyrs as of theyr compaygnyons wherof Cymon was chyef capytayne and they wente to aryue at Cypres being at which place they were called backe by Amyrteus king of the maryces and forestes of Egypte and so they sente to the sayde countreye of Egypte thre skore of theyr shyppes The reste remayned at the siege before the cytye of Cyrcye But beyng Cymon theyr capytayne there deade and they in greate necessitie of victuayles they departed from the sayd siege to haue retourned and sayllynge foranempste the cytye of Salamyne whiche is in Cypres they foughte aswell by sea as by lande agaynste the Phenycyans and agaynste the Ciliciens and had in bothe battaylles vyctorye and afterwardes they came againe into theyr countrey And also the other shippes of theyr bende whiche were gone into Egypte After thys the Lacedemonyans beganne the warre that was called consecrated and hauing taken the temple that is at Delphos dyd delyuer it agayne to the people of the towne But it taryed not longe that the Athenyans came thyder wyth a mightye armye whiche toke it agayne and delyuered it to kepe vnto the Phocians Anone after the bānyshed men that the Athenyans had chased from the countrey of Beoce hauyng occupyed Orcomenye Cheronee and some other townes of the sayde countreye the Athenians sente thyder a thousande men of theyrs with an other nomber of theyr allyes as they myghte redelye get them vnder the conducte of Tholmydas sonne of Tholmee And so toke agayne Cheronee and furnished it wyth theyr people And retournynge from thence they were encontred by the sayde bānyshed men Beotiens who had assembled the bānyshed of Eubee the Locres and some other takyng theyr partye who descomfyted them The more parte of them beyng slayne and the other taken prysoners By whose meane by deliuering of them the Athenyans made appointment with the sayde Beotiens restored them to theyr lybertie And by occasyon therof all the bannyshed and other that were gone from the sayd countrey retourned thyder incontinētly vnderstandynge to be set agayne into theyr former lybertye It taryed not longe after that the Islande of Eubee rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and so as Perycles whome the sayd Athenyans had sente with a greate armye for to brynge them into theyr obeysance was in hys iourneye for to go thyder he receyued newes that they of Megare were lykewyse rebelled and had slayne the garnysone of Athenyans that were wythin excepte a small nomber which saued them self at Nisee And those had gott one vnto theyr intelligence or confederation from the Corynthians the Sycionyans and the Epidauryens and moreouer that the Peloponesians shulde enter with great puissance into the lande of Athenes Understandyng the whiche thynges he lefte the Iourneye of Eubee and came agayne to Athenes but before that he arryued the Peloponosyans were nowe entred into the countreye Attique that is to say of Athenes and had fourraged and pylledall the lande from the cytye of Hellusyne vntyll the felde named Thrasius hauyng for theyr Duke and Capitaine Plistonactes sonne to Pausanias Kynge of Lacedemonyans And that done without passyng any further were retourned vnto theyr houses whiche seing the Athenyans dyd afresh sende Pericles with the armye into Eubee who subdued all the Islande by compositiō reserued the citie of Hescie which he toke by force And for that cause chased awaye from thence all the inhabitantes and inhabyted it with his people A◠retourne from that same cōqueste or very shortly after the appoinctment was made for thyrty yeares betwene the sayd Athenyans on the one partie and the Lacedemonians theyr allyes on the other partye through which those same Athenyans rendred Pysee les fountaynes Trezenie and Achaye whiche was all that which they dyd holde from Peloponese It chaunsed that the Sixt year after the sayde appointement great warre was moued agaynste the Samiās and the Mylesyans by reasone of the cytye of Pryene And seinge the Mylesyans that they were not myghtye or stronge ynough for theyr enemyes they sente to make theyr complaynctes towardes the Athenyans by consente and intellygence of some partyculer cytezeins of Samye that wente aboute to make an alteracyon or chaunge in theyr cytye At whose persuasyon the Athenyans wente wyth fourty shyppes agaynste the sayde cytye of Samye the sayd cytye of Samye And so brought it agayne to the gouernaūce of the cōmone estate and toke of them fyfty yonge infantes and fyftye men delyuered for hostages whome they lefte for paunde in the Islande of Lemne Afterwardes hauyng lefte theyr garnysone at Samye they retourned But anone after theyr departure some of the cytezeins whiche were not in the cytye whan the Athenyans had so oppressed it but perceyuyng theyr commynge were withdrawen into dyuers places in the mayne lande by consente and delyberatyon of the principall of the cytye made allyance with Pissuthnes sonne of Hiscapsis who than gouerned the cytye of Sardes And he sent them seuen houndred men of warre with whome they entred by nyght into the cytye of Samye dyd fighte agaynst the commons that had the gouernaunce In suche manner that they had the vpper hande
Afterwardes they wente strayghte waye to Lemne and from thence recouered theyr hostages and fourthwith rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and toke the people that the Athenyans had lefte there aswell for the gouernaunce of the towne as also for the kepe it whome they gaue vnto Pissuthnes And thys done they raysed an armye for to go to Mylet hauyng confederation wyth the Byzantians who lykewyse rebelled agaynste the AthenyaÌ„s Who beinge aduertysed of the rebellyon of the sayd Samyans caused incontynently .lx. shyppes to departe wherof there wente but .xliiii. to Samie For the other were sente some of them into Carye for to empesche that the Pheniciens shulde not passe for to comme to succour the sayde Samyans and the other into Chio for to fatche men Beyng than the sayde fourty and foure shyppes wherof Pericles was Capytayne wyth nyne other collegues or capytaines arryued in the Islande of Tragie they encountred .lxx. shyppes with Samyans that came from Mylet wherof twenty were charged with men of warre and so they dyd beate and ouercomme them And after the victorye beinge come to theyr strengthe fourty shiâ—pes from Athenes and from Lesbos and .xxv. from Chio they landed in the IslaÌ„de of Samye and came to assiege the cytye hauyng furst dryuen backe and descomfyted an bende whiche was yssued oute of the sayde towne agaynste them And so enclosed it aswell on the sea syde as of all the other wyth thre walles Being at whiche assiege Perycles was aduertysed how the Pheniciens came with a greate nombre of shyppes for to succoure the Samyens So he toke .lx. of the shyppes that were last comme with the which he wente with asmuche dylygence as he might agaynst the countreys of Canne of Carye Nowe was on the other syde departed from the porte of Samye Stesagoras wyth fyue shyppes for to go to receyue the Phenicians The Samyans beynge than aduertysed of the departure of Perycles came by sea wyth all the shyppes that they coulde assemble to assayle the camp of the Athenyans which was not fortefyed And at the aryual drowned the lyghte shippes that they founde in the poorte And the galleys that came agaynste them they vamquyshed in battayle by sea By meane wherof they were maysters of the sea and for the space of fourtene dayes sett in and oute of the cytye all that they woulde But in the ende of the sayde terme Pericles came agayne wyth the other shyppes who dyd closeâ— theÌ„ vp agayne wythin the towne And anone after arryued great succours for the said Athenians to wit forty shyppes froÌ„ Athenes wherof were capitains Thucydides Aâ—ones Phormion twenty other froÌ„ their allyes wherof were capytaynes Clemopolus Anticles And fro Chio and fro Lesbos thirty And albeit that the SamyaÌ„s did make certayne small outrodes eskarmouches vpon theÌ„ duringe the space of .ix. monethes that the assiege was before the cytye yet â—eynge that they were not able to resiste at lenghthe they rendred themselues vpon suche conditions that they shulde rase downe theyr walles that they shulde delyuer hostages and all theyr shyppes and for the expences of the warre shulde pay a great some of money at certayne termes Also they appoincted the Bizantiens to thys condytyon that they shuld obey to the Athenyans as they dyd before Anone after beganne the dyfferences of Corcyre and of Potyde wherof we haue aboue made mentyon and all the other that were occasyon of the warre wherof we do wryte at thys presente These be in effect the warres that the Grekes had aswell agaynst straungers as amonge themselfe after the departure of the kynge Xerxes out of Grece vntyll begrnnynge of this warre wherof we speake which was aboute fyftye yeares Duryng which tyme the Athenyans encreased theyr Empyre and theyr puyssance greatly wherin the Lacedemonyens although they perceyued it well ynough gaue them no great empeschement but lyued the more parte of the tyme in peace and reste For they were not hasty nor lyght to enterpryse warre nor also wolde not come therunto but for necessytie Also they were somewhat empesched by certayne warres that they had amongest them self vntyll suche tyme as they sawe the might of Athenyans so to increase and that they daylye ouâ—traged theyr allyes For then they determyned no longer to endure it But to enterpryse warre with al their power for to abate theyr puyssance yf they coulde And after that they hadde publyshed the decree wherof hath bene spoken by the whiche they declared the Athenâ—ans to be infractors of theyr fayth and of the allyance and oultragieux agaynst theyr allyes and confederates they sente theyr messengers to the temple of Delphos for to inquyre of the God Apollo what ende the same warre shulde haue By the oracle or aunswere of whome it was annswered as men saye that yf they pursued the warre wyth all theyr power they shulde haue the victorye that he wold ayde them in so much as they had called hym thervnto Hauing than concluded the warre in ther counsaylle they caused theyr allyes and confederates to be agayne called into the cytye of Lacedemonie for to conâ—ulte the matter and to deteâ—myne all together yf it were expedyent to begynne the sayd warre And after that the Ambassadours of the cytyes were aryued the counsayle was assembled Wherunto the same Ambassadours were called And all the chyef of the other dyd speake chargyng the Athenyans and concludynge the warre And after all spake the Corynthyans who before had practysed and prayde all the other to persuade the warre fourthwith to be made Fearynge that in the meane tyme that it shulde be deliberated the Athenyans shulde haue taken Potyde And sotheyr speakyng was of this substance The narration and proposition â—f the Corinthians to the Counsayle of Lacedemonyans before the assemblye of all the confederates The .xiii. Chapter IT nedeth not more Lordes PeloponesiaÌ„s to blame nor charge the Lacedemonyans that they wyll not enterpryse warre agaynste the Athenyans consyderynge that they haue assembled vs here for thys cause Also it is reasonable that they the gouerne as they be preferred to honnour 's before all the other that they haue such regarde to th affayres of particulers in generall that all may be egally gouerned and enterteigned But as touchyng vs and other which lately be departed from the Athenyans it is no more nedefull to admonish vs to beware of them But onely they must be admonyshed that dwell in the meane lande farre from the sea portes where be the feares staples of marchandyses For it is very nedefull that they vnderstande that yf they geue not ayde and succour to them which dwell in the base countreys nighe the sea the fatchyng of theyr goodes and of theyr marchaÌ„dyse shal be much more difficile also the bryngyng agayne of wares which come vnto theÌ„ by sea Wherfor they ought not now to make ille iudgemeÌ„t of this wherof is questyon saying that it nothing toucheth
that they did knowynge that Pericles sonne of Xantippus was descended of the same rase or strayne by hys mother hopinge that if we were chased out of the cytie they might afterwardes more easely come to the ende of th aire warre agaynst the Athenyans And if that he were not chased fromthence at the leaste he shuld coÌ„ceyue an great hate towardes the people that had this opynyon that for beinge mynded to saue them that same warre was in parte commenced and bigonne against them Now he was in that same tyme the Chiefest man of the cytie and had most authoritie And also contraryed the enterpryses of the Lacedemonyens And anymated the Athenyans to defende them by force of armes To this requeste the Athenyans than answered the Lacedemoniens with the selfe same arte Sayinge that those Lacedemonyans oughte likewise to purge the sacrilege wherewith they were infected by meane of the violence that they had done in the temple of Neptunus in the place of Tenare For at a certayne tyme bifore passed at the instigation of Tynarus they had drawin out of the teÌ„ple of Neptunus and slayne certayn fugitiues that requyred mercy and by this meane violated the franchise and lybertie of the temple By occasion wherof the people had opynyon that therupon followed a great earth quake whyche anone after chaunced in the cytie of Sparte And furthermore the same Athenyans requyred the Lacedemonyans to purge an othere sacrylege wherwith they were lykewyse infected by cause of the teÌ„ple of Pallas whyche happened in this manner as folowethe Here thauthor shewith incidently the trahisone that Pausanias mynded to do agaynst the Grekes and howe he was slayne The .xv. Chapter AFter that Pausanias beinge by the Lacedemonyans exempte frome the charge of thair armye that he had in Hellespontâ— for to come to answere to charges that were layd vpon him was absolued or clered of the same charges yet was he restored to this former charge which parceyuinge he departed frome the cytie fayninge to be wyllinge to goo to the sayd couÌ„trey of Hellespont for to sarue in the warre as a symple souldyour But the truith was for to appoyncte with the kynge of Medes touchinge that same warre whyche he hymselfe had bigonne And afterwardes by meane of the sayd kynge to vsurpe the rule and principalitie ouer all Grece For to come to whiche conclusions he had nowe duringe his charge bifore his accusation wonne the fauor of the kynge by a singuler plaisir and benefitte whiche he did him That is that hauinge in his retourne fro Cipres taking the cytie of Bizance togither with the people that the king had left there in garnyâ—one amoÌ„gest whoÌ„ ther were many his pareÌ„tes domesticals or housholdes That same Pausanias sente theym again secretly wtoute knowlaige of his coÌ„panions collegues or felâ—owes in comission fayning that they were escaped And this he did by the meane of Congilus who had charge to kepe theÌ„ by whoÌ„ also he sente letters to the kinge of tâ—is substance Pausanias Duke of Spartains to the kinge Xerxes gretinge I sende vnto the thies prisoners that I haue taken by good warre for to wynne thy good grace And also I am desirous to espouse and mary thy doughter iâ— it pleaâ—e the in this doing to bringe al Grece into thy obeissance which thing I perswade my self that I may easely do hauing good intelligeÌ„ce or confederatioÌ„ with the. wherfore if the thinge be agreable vnto the sende aloÌ„gest by sea some right faithful man of thyne to whom I wil coÌ„municate make priuey the whole matter Xerres was râ—ght ioyful of this Epistle And so sent incontynently Artabasus sonne of Pharnaces by sea vnder coulour of geuinge him charge of the prouince of Scilite the which Mogabata did holde for the kinge And he gaue him letters for to sende to Pausanias who was in ByzaÌ„ce whych were sealed with the kinges seale furthermore gaue him charge to trauaile with the said Pausanias in all that that he wolde commaunde hym the beste waye and moste secretely that he coulde Who after that he was arryued in the saide prouince executed his charge right discretely And among other thinges sent the said letters vnto Pausanias which were of this tenour The king Xerres vnto Pausanias greting I thanke the for that plaisir benefit that thou haste done for me by sending vnto me againe the prisonners which thou diddest take at BizaÌ„ce which thing shal neuer by me nor by myne be put in oblyâ—â—e also I take in good parte that which thou hast done me to vnderstand Therfore I pray that thou wilt trauaile day night for to execute that whiche thou hast promysed me For I will not spare golde nor siluer nor also army wher it shal be required Of which matter thou maist suerly treate trauaile with Artabasus whom I sende vnto the expresly for this matter For he is a maâ— discrete and veray faithfull In doing whiche thinges myne affaires thyne shall procede right well to our honnour prouffitt After that Pausanias had receyued the said lettres notwithstanding that he was in great reuerence with all the Grekes for the charge authoritie that he had he toke much more great hart greater audacytie In such sort that he was not coÌ„tent to liue after the maÌ„ner accustomed of the Grekes but went fourth of Bizance apparailled after the facyoÌ„ of Medes in going through the couÌ„trey of Thrace he had souldiars Medes EgiptiaÌ„s in his coÌ„paigny And also caused himselfe to be sarued at the table pleÌ„tefully after the maner of Medes And for effect he could not coÌ„ceyle his hart nor enterprises but gaue to vnderstaÌ„d by yâ— that he did that which in his courage he coÌ„spired to do He was also dauÌ„gerous to geue audyeÌ„ce was easely angred with euery maÌ„ In such sort that ther was not he that feared not to aboorde him which was the principall cause for which the coÌ„federates of Grece departed from the Lacedemonyens did allye theÌ„selfe with the AthenyaÌ„s By occasyon wherof the LacedemonieÌ„s reuoked him from his charge as it hath bene shewed Afterwards being departed by the sea of Harimond wtout liceÌ„ce of the lordeship it was suspected that he wold resume the authorite For reasoÌ„ wherof being arryued at Bizance where the Athenyans kepte the assiege he was chased away by the Lacedemonyens and after he came not againe to Sparte but withdrew himself into certayne villages of Troade And being there it was signefied vnto the Lacedemonyens that he treated with the Barbarous or strangers some euille matter so they thought it good no more to dissymule And sent a sargeant with his mace from one of the Tribuns of the people whome they calle Ephores whoe gaue hym in commaundemente that he shulde incontynently come to Sparte as faste as he and not to departe from his company vpon payne to be reputed rebelle ennemy of the cytie
he purposed and shewed him meanes to subdue all Grece and specially for that he gaue them to vnderstande by experyence that he was a man of knowlaige and diligente For he coulde well shewe the force and lyuelyues of his nature and of his wytt and in this he was maruaillous and excellent aboue all other He was moreouer of his nature diligente and ready without hauinge at any time euer lerned any studys or sciences than nor after And to geue prouision to all soubdayne cases his counsaille was very ready and singulier And of the thinges whiche he conducted he had a great iudgement what wolde followe And ordred them very quietly and discretely also he had good parceuerance in thinges wherof he had not the administratioÌ„ But aboue all in ambiguous matters wherin it was harde to iudge what were the or the beste he had a maruailous prouidence And besides this he was wythout feare aboue all men lyuinge in all thinges whereof he did speake aswell for the goodnes of his nature as also for the redynes of his wit He declared to the king what was to be done for yâ— enterprise of Grece but bifore it was time to execute it he dyed of a diseas though it pleaseth some to say that he kylled himself with poysonne perceyuynge that he coulde not execute that whiche he had promysed to the kynge He was buryed in the cytie of Magnesie in the countrey of Asia and there is yet sene his sepulcre vpon the market place Of the whych cytie the king had geuen hym the gouernance and the reuenue whiche amouÌ„ted to fyue houndred talentes euery yeare For to fournishe it wyth breade â—â—d for to fournishe yt with wyne Lampsaque was geuen hym for that that place was estemed to be most habundante with wyne of all Asia And for his pytance Mynute was geuen to hym It ys said that his parentes by hys commaundemente caryed away hys bones and buryed them in the countrey of Athenes without knowlaige of the Athenyans for somuch as it was 〈◊〉 laufull by the lawes of the couÌ„trey to bury the body of a man that was iudged a traytor and rebelle Suche yssue had Pausanyas the Lacedemonyan And Themistocles the AthenyaÌ„ who were both in thair countrey right noble Howe after many goinges and commynges the Athenyans dyd put it into deliberation whither they shulde rather accepte the warre or obey to the requestes of the Lacedemonyans Cap. xvii AFter that the Lacedemonyans had requyred and summoned the Athenyans and also that the Lacedemonyans were by them requyred and summoned to purge thair offences of the goddes and the sacrileges of the one parte and on the othere those Lacedemonyans sente againe to the Athenians to warne them that they shuld restore and set the Potydyans againe into libertie And suffre the Egynyans to lyue according to their lawes But chiefly they declared that they wold not commeÌ„ce the warre against them if they wolde reuoke the decree whyche they hadde made agaynste the Megarens By whyche they were forbydden to aryue in the poortes of the Athenyans and to come to thair markettes and also to vse marchandise with them To all whiche requestes and specyally touchinge the reuocatioÌ„ of the said decree the Athenyans determyned not to obey Alleaging agaynst them of Megare that they occupied the holly and indeuided place and that they receiued the frutes of Athens Fynally yet after all thies aunsweres thre Ambassadours of the Lacedemonyans came agayne vnto them to wytt Raphius Malesippus Agesandrus who without makynge any mention of any of the othere matters wherof had bene spokenne bifore saide vnto them this wordes onely in substaÌ„ce The Lacedemonyans arne mynded to haue peace with youe the whyche youe maye haue if youe suffer the Grekes in thair lybertie Vpon whyche propositioÌ„ the Athenyans then caused the couÌ„saille of the cytie to assemble for to determyne one tyme for all of the aunswere whych they had to make Upon which matter after that many had shewed thair opynyons the one that the warre shulde be accepted the other that the decre against them of Megare shuld be reuoked rather than by occasyon therof to haue warre fynally Pericles the sonne of Xantippus who was at that tyme the chefest man of the cytie and most renommed aswell in woorde as in dede stode vp and spake in this manner ¶ The speaking and opynyon of Pericles to the counsayle of the Athenyans accordynge wherunto the aunswere was made vnto the Lacedemonyans The .xviii. Chapter THough that I knowe lordes Athenyans that men make not warre with that same ardor desire that they enterprise yt but accordinge to the cases that happenne do change thair wylle yet I contynue stil in my opynyon not to geue place to the Peloponesians For I do see this wherof we must presently determyne like approchinge vnto that whereof I haue had opynyon bifore this tyme. wherfore I thinke it a thinge reasonable that they amonge youe that shal be of my aduyse if there chauÌ„ce herafter any myschance against the comon opynyoÌ„ of the people that they ought than to excuse it And if it happen well as we do hope not to iudge it thair prudence for that it is so chaunced For it is commonly sene that the chaunse of thinges to comme be as vncertayne as thoughtes of men which ys the reason wherby if any thing vnloked for do chaunse vs we accuse fortune Nowe to come to the case wherof ys questyoÌ„ yt is very certayne that the LacedemonyaÌ„s haue alwaies heretofore imagyned agaynste vs yet presently do imagyne For though yt be spoken by our couenaÌ„tes treaties that if there be any controuersie bitwene any amoÌ„g vs for any thynge they ought to stande vnto the knowlaige or iudgemeÌ„t of other and in the meane tyme to continue in the estate and possession that they be found in yet they haue not demaunded that we shulde putt the causes wherof the quarelle ys made into iudgement knolaige But whaÌ„ that we haue offred it them they wâ—ld not accepte it For that that they loue better that quarels be auoyded by warre than by wordes And though yt seme that they come by manner of requeste yet ys it by coÌ„mandment For they coÌ„mande vs to departe froÌ„ Potyde that we suffre the Egynyans in thair lybertie that we reuoke the decree that we haue made agaynst the Megarâ—ans And they whych be last come do coÌ„maunde vs that we suffâ—e the Grekes to lyue according to thair lawes And to the inteÌ„t that any among you do not thinke that the questioÌ„ ys of a smal matter to witt to reuoke the sayd decre wherupoÌ„ they arrest most stifly saying that in that doinge we shall not haue warre likewise that it shuld be a great fault to enter into suche a warre for one so smal a matter I aduertise you that this smal affaire conteigneth the consequence the
go aboute durynge the peace soubdaynely to take theyr cytye And neuertdeles to shewe denounce vnto them that yf they dyd any euyll to theyr citezeins that were in the feldes they wolde slaye all them that they had prysonners in the towne but yf they departed oute of theyr lande wythout doynge anye harme they wolde render them vnto them in lyfe and thervpon they made theyr othe as the Thebayns dyd saye But the Plateans saye that they promysed them not symplye for to render them the sayde prysonners incontynently but onely yf they agrede with them after that they had spokenne together and that wythoute makynge any othe But howe so euer it was the Thebayns dyd retourne into theyr citye without doyng any euyll in the terrytory of the Plateens And yet those PlateeÌ„s dyd incontynently wtdrawe the persones the goodes that they hadde in the feldes And after caused the prysonners that they hadde to dye which were about nyne skoore Among whom was Eurymachus who admynystred the practyse of the trahyson And thys done they rendred vnto the Thebayns theyr deade men and fournyshed theyr cytye wyth that that they thought necessarye for the tyme. The Athenyans whan they had harde what was done at Platee gaue order to cause to be takenne all the Beotians that were founde in the countreye of Athenes And fourthwyth sente towardes the Plateens a trompet to defend or commaunde them that they shulde do no euyll nor dyspleasure to them that they had prysonners vntyl suche tyme as it were deuysed what shulde thervpoÌ„ be done For they were not yet aduertised that they were slayne for that that the furst messenger that came vnto them departed frome Platee at the begynning as the Thebayns were entred the seconde after that they were vainquyshed and taken and than they sente theyr trompett Who whan he was arryued founde that the prysonners were all slayne Anone after the Athenyans came thyder with theyr armye or hoste and brought corne for to victuayle the towne And with that lefte there a good garnysone of men of warre and ledde away with them women chyldren and other people vnmete for the defence ¶ The great preparation that was made aswell on the behalfe of the Athenyans as of that same of the Peloponesyans and the Cities that toke parte with the one syde and wyth the other The .ii. Chapter THese thynges thus done at Platee as we haue sayde the Athenians seynge manyefestly that the treuse was brokenne prepared theÌ„selfe to make warre And the Lacedemonyans and theyr allyes dyd the lyke so they determyned aswell on the one syde as of the other to sende towardes the Kynge of Mede And the other straungers of whom they hoped to haue any succoure and also to the cytyes that were oute of theyr obeysance for to drawe them to theyr allyance And chiefly the Lacedemonians gaue charge vnto the cytyes of Italy and of Sycille that toke theyr parte to make shyppes accordynge to theyr possibilytye besydes those that they hadde to the nomber of fyue honndred in all And moreouer that they shulde fournyshe a certayne some of monneye without declaring to them the other matters but that they shulde not receyue into theyr portes more than one shyppe of Athenes at a tyme vntyll that all the apparaylle were ready Lykewyse the Athenyans on theyr syde sente Ambassadours furste to all the cytyes that were of theyr obeysance And afterwardes to the other that were nyghe to Peloponese to wytte to Corcyre to Cephanalie to Acarnanye and to Zacynthe For they parceyued well that yf the sayde cityes were in good amytie with them they myght more easely ronne by sea rounde aboute Peloponese And in effecte they thoughte not of one thyng of â—he one sydenor of the other which was not wayghtye And also they enterprysed not the warre of any other sorte nor more coldelye than was conuenyent for people of suche renomme For also at begynnynge all people be most hotte to defende them selues whereby it happened that many yonge men aswell of Athens as of Peloponese were not greatly dyspleased with the warre for that that they had not experymented nor proued it And also all the other cities of Grece were anymated to warre seynge that the princypall were therunto enclyned Moreouer there were made dyuers pronostications And the aunsweres and oracles of the Goddes were reaported in dyuers sortes not onely in cities that were tangled with this same warre but also in the other And it chauÌ„ced amonge other thynges that the temple of Delos trembled whiche thynge was neuer sene to the remembraunce of the Grekes and by the newe or strange thynges that were parceyued men iudged of thynges that were to comme By meane wherof all those fantasyes were curyously searched and inquyred of But so muche was it that the people generally had more affection to the Lacedemonyans than vnto the Athenyans For that chiefly that they sayde that they wolde restore all Grece into lybertye By reason wherof they aduaunced them selfe all aswel in common as in particuler to ayde them with suche affection as it semed to euery one that yf he were not there the thynge shulde be empesched through hys faulte And many there were that were dyspleased and not well contented wyth the Athenyans Some for that theyr empyre was taken from them and the other fearynge to come into theyr subiectyon In thys manner they prepared themself both with harte and apparayle aswell on the one syde as on the other And the cytyes that toke partye wyth the Lacedemonyans were all the Peloponesyans that arne wythin the distrayte excepte the Argiues and the Achayans who were frendes aswell of the one as of the other And there were not of the sayde Achayans at begynnynge but the Pellians that toke part with the Peloponesians But afterwardes all the other dyd take it And oute of Peloponese were of thys partye the Megarens the Phocyens the LocryaÌ„s the Beotiens the Ambrotiates the Lewcadyans and the Anactoryans Of whoÌ„ the Corinthians the Megarens the Sycyonyans the Pellyans the Hellyans the Lewcadyans and the Ambracyens fournyshed shyppes the Beotians Phocyans and the Locryens horsmen and the other fote men And this is concernynge the Peloponesyans On the partye of the Athenyans were they of Chio of Lesbos of Platee and the Messenyans that be in Naupactus manye of the Acarnanyens the Corcyryans the zacynthians and the other that were their tributours amonge whome were the Carians whiche be farre beyonde sea and Dorians that be ioyning vnto them the couÌ„trey of IonuÌ„ and that same of Hellesponte many places of Thrace and all the yslandes that be out of Peloponese and of Crete on the parties of le soleil leuant which be called Ciclades resarued Melo and There Of whome the Lesbyans and the Corcyryans fournyshed shyppes and the other footemen These were the allyes and consequentes and also the preparations of the one partye and of the other The Lacedemonyans
theyr moueable goodes into the cytye to prepare theyr shyppes and other munytyons by sea wherof they were most puyssante to enterteigne into theyr amytie theyr allyes and confederates from whom they had monney for that that the victorye chiefly cometh in feate of warre by force of monney and by good conducte and admynistration shewynge them furdermore that they shulde haue greate confydence in the reuenue that they leuyed yerely by fourme of tribute vpon theyr subiectes and confederates which amouÌ„â—ted to six houndred talentes ouer and aboue the other reuenues that they had in generall And lykewyse they shulde truste to the ready monney whiche they presently hadde in theyr Castelleâ— to the somme of sixe thousande talentes For althoughe that they hadde had for the most tenne thousande three lesse yet the reste was spente at the erectyng of the castell of Propilee and for other buyldinges and also for the warre of Potidee And also they hadde besyde thys greate quantyte of golde and syluer not coigned in dyuers kyndes aswell in generall as in particular besydes the halowed vessels and other ornamentes of temples and that which was deputed to the pompe of playes and besyde that that they hadde wonne of the spoyle of the Medes and many lyke thynges whiche amouÌ„ted vnto no lesse than fyue houndred talentes And besydes all that there were many greate sommes of money in the temples wherewith they might helpe themselfe in necessitie and in extremytie whan the reste shulde fayle they might take the golde wherwith the great Goddesse Dyana was couered which amouÌ„teth as it is sayde to fourty pounde wayght of talentes all fyne golde massis which it shulde be laufull to take for conseruatyon of the comon wealthe in rendryng it alwayes intierly after the warre In suche manner he exhorted them to haue good hope that monney shulde not fayle them And concernynge the force of people he shewed them that they hadde thyrtene thousande warryours besides those that were deputed to the kepynge of places and of walles and forteresses whiche amounte vnto .xvi. thousande For so many there were that kepte watche and warde in the sayde places from begynnynge that the enemyes came into theyr lande comprehended the olde and the yonge and also the straungers that dwelled in the towne all bearynge armure Also they had to kepe the walle whiche is called Phalerius whiche extendeth itself frome the walles of the towne vntyll the sea conteignyng .xxxv. houndred stades of lengthe And the walles in that which was warded conteigne xlin of cyrcuyte For that which was betwene the sayde walle Phalerie and the other that is called the great walle whiche lykewyse extendeth it selfe vntyll the sea conteignynge fourty stades in lengthe was not subiecte to warde the sayde two walles beynge well kepte that were without the cytye And moreouer there was to warde the forteresse of the gate that is called Pyreus which comprehendynge the other adioyninge that is called Munychie conteigneth threskore stades in circuyte the moytie wherof was watched holy by footemen And for thys they had .xii. houndred men at armes and sixtene houndred arbalestrers all horsemen Suche was thapparaile of the Athenyans for trouthe withoute anye thynge therevnto added whan the Peloponesyans entred into theyr lande Perycles made vnto them many other remonstraunces and declarations suche as he had accustomed for to geue them to vnderstande that they shulde haue the better of that same warre After whiche persuasyons they wente all for to fatche theyr goodes into the citye And afterwardes sent by sea theyr wyues theyr chyldren theyr moueables theyr vtensyles and instrumentes the woode of the buyldynges that they had beaten downe and theyr cattell into Eubee and into other yslandes nexte adioynynge Whiche thynge was odible vnto them for that a longe tyme a greate parte of them inhabyted the feldes where they kepte their housholde For suche was alwayes the custome of the Athenyans more than of other people from the furst beginnyng of the citie And from the time specyally of Cecrops and of other furst kynges vntyll Theseus the countreye of Athenes was inhabyted by vyllages boroughs and euery vyllage had hys courte and hys offycers For that that lyuing insuertie without warre they neded not to come to theyr kynges for to coÌ„â—sulte vpoÌ„ coÌ„mon affayres no though there were some that made warre amoÌ„ge theÌ„ as the Eleusins after that Enolphus â—oyned him self with Erechthus But after the Theseus came to the kingdom who was a man puyssaute wytty besydes that that he reduced and refourmed through ciuilitie pollecy many other thynges in the said countrey he abolyshed all his small officers the courtes of the villages bouroughes and caused the people to drawe into the cytye which at thys presente be all vnder one counsaille vnder one courte And constrayned theÌ„ al laborynge their landes as before to chose haue theyr ordinary house in the same citie generally which citie hauyng in his time made great well ordered he left it by successyon vnto them that came after from hande to hande Wherby for remembraunce of the same goodnes at suche daye as that same assemblye and vnyon of the cytye was made the Athenians do yet at this present celebrate a solempne feast yearly in the honour of the goddesse For before that the citie conteigned not but the same which is now the castel that that is aboue on the south syde lyke as the teÌ„ples of the other gods do wytnes which be within the sayde castell and the other that be wtout of the south syde as the same of Iupiter OlimpyaÌ„ of Pythe of Tellus of Bacchus Unto whom was yearely celebrated the feast Bacchanal the tenth day of the moneth Antesterion lyke as the Ionyans who be desceÌ„ded of the AtheniaÌ„s do yet at this preseÌ„t holde it for trouth And many other auÌ„cient teÌ„ples there be in the same place wherin also is the fountayne that is called now sence the rulers haue appointed it the newe coÌ„duictes which auncyently was called Calliroe And men vsed it for that that it was nyghe the place in all great thynges Whereby yet at thys presente the opynyon of the people is that it shulde be vsed in sacrifices specyally in those that be made for maryages And that parte of the cytye that is aboue the castell in the hyghest parte of the towne is yet at thys daye by the Athenyans called the cytye for memory of the antiquite For to retourne than to oure purpose the Athenyans that at begynnynge dwelled in the feldes at theyr playsyr though that afterwardes they were reduced and brought to the cytye yet for the custome that they hadde for to dwelle in the feldes contynued there the more parte wyth theyr housholde aswell of the auncyentes as of the newe citezeins vntyll thys present warre By reasone wherof it was very greuous and not easye for them to drawe into the towne And so muche
sayde countreys of Eleusyne and of Triasâ—e passed no further but retourned Throughe occasyon wherof after hys retourne he was reiected and bannyshed from the cytye of Sparte for that that it was suspected that he had taken monneye for to retourne But whan the Athenyans vnderstoode that the hoste of ennemys was before Acarne whiche was not distant but .lx. slades from the cytye and that they sawe before theyr yes theyr terrytorye wasted which thyng neuer maÌ„ of the towne yonge nor olde had sene but at the warre of Medes they thought it a thynge to muche intollerable and not to be suffred And so they were determyned specyally the yonge people no longer to indure it but to ysâ—ue forth vpon the ennemyes Whervpon the people beynge assembled vpon the markett there was amonge them a great altercation For some wolde that they shulde yssue fourth wyth all theyr force the other wolde not sufâ—re it the dyuynours also vnto whome men repayred on all sydes for to knowe theyr opynyon reaported dyuers Iudgementes and dyuers dyuynations On thoder syde the Acarnanyans seynge that theyr lande was wasted laboured greatly the Athenyans to sett fourthe and they thoughte that they oughte to do it for to succoure theyr people that were wythin Acarne in greate nomber In thys manner the cytye was in greate tumulte and dyssentyon of all sydes and were angry against Perycles and spake vnto hym many iniuryous wordes for that that he wolde not leade them fourthe beynge theyr duke saying that he was cause of all theyr euylle wythoute remembrynge that whiche he had counsayled and shewed theÌ„ before the warre But he seyng that they were astonyed for the hurtes that they dyd see in theyr lande and that they had euyll opynyon in wille to go fourthe agaynst raysone he wolde not assemble them nor make declaration as he was accustomed to do Fearynge that they wolde make some determynation more throughe anger than by reason but gaue order to kepe the towne and to holde it quyet the moste that myght be And neuertheles he caused the horsmen to yssue fourthe for to defende that those that came frome the campe of the ennemies for to runne before the cytye myght not cary away the goodes that were aboutes it And there was a small conflict in the quarter that is called Phrigie betwene a bende of the sayd horsmen Athenyans the Thessalyans ioyned wyth them and those of the Beotyens Wherein the sayde Athenyans and Thessalyens had not the worste vntyll that the fotemen Bâ—otiens came to the succour of theyr horsmen For than they put them to flight And there were some of the deade men that were caryed awaye into the cytye the selfe same daye wythoute demaundynge them of the ennemyes And the morowe after the Peloponesyans erected and sett vp a trophee vpon the place in token of the vâ—ctorye Nowe the Thessalyans were auncyent allyes of the Athenyans aâ—d than they had sente them succoure of the sayde horsemen to wytt they â—f larisse they of Pharsale they of Parrhasie they of Cranonie they of Pirasie they of Cyrtomie and they of Ferere Of the whiche succours the Capytaynes were Polymedes and Aristanus for Larisse MenoÌ„ for Pharsale and other for euery one of the sayd cyties Whan the Peloponesians did se that the Athenyans came not fourth to battaile againste them they did breake vp from bifore Acarne and came to pyllaige ouerronne certain other villages that were betwene Parneth and the mountaygne of Brilesse ¶ Of many exploictes of warre that the Athenyans dyd aswelle by sea as by lande the sommer that the warre biganne and the wynter followynge togidres with certayne allyaunces and newe amyties that they made in Thrace and in Macedonie and fynally of the publique exequies or obyt that they celebrated at Athenes for theÌ„ that were dead in that same warre ☞ The .v. Chaptre DNringe the tyme that the Peloponesyans fouraged and wasted the countrey of Athenes the Athenyans caused to departe froÌ„ thair porte the houÌ„dred shippes that they had apparaiâ—led wherin were a thousande men armed and foure houndred Archers vnder the conduccte of Carcynus sonne of Xenotymus of Protheas sonne of Epicles and of Socrates sonne of Antigenus for to go to ouerronne rounde aboutes Peloponese Who beinge departed from the poorte with greate preparation coÌ„mytted theÌ„selfe vnto the sayle As concernynge the Peloponesyans they abodde in the land of Athenes so longe as they had victuailes And whan they beganne to faile theÌ„ they retourned through the couÌ„trey of BeotyaÌ„s without doing ther any harme But in passing through the countrey of Oropes who were subiectes of the Athenyans they pyllaged one quarter named Pyrace that done retourned euery man into Peloponese and so into his house After they were departed the Athenyans dyd ordeyne their wardes aswell by sea as by lande for all the tyme that the warre shulde endure And by comon decree kepte a thousande talentes of theÌ„ that were in the fortresse of the olde cytie and dyd ordeyne that no man shulde touche yt but of the remanant men might take that that shulde be nedefull for the feate of warre And they did defende vpon payne of lyfe that no man shulde propone nor put into deliberation to take of the sayd thousande talentes except it were of necessitie for to resiste the ennemys in case that they came to assayle the cytie by sea With that same monney they made an houndred galleys besyde the ordynary ryght fayer and gorgyouse And euery yeare they therunto appoynted newe patrones and Capytaynes Whiche galleys might not be employed to any other vse but in the case aboue said men might take of the said somme of a thousande talentes As touchinge those that were departed in the oâ—here houndred shippes againste the countrey of Peloponese they ioyned themselues with fifty other shippes that the Corcyryens had sente them for succoure and altogether compassinge aboutes the sayde countrey besides many greate hurtes that they there dyd they landed and came to assiege the cytie of Metoune whyche ys in the countrey of Laconie whiche was than yll repayred with walles vnprouyded of people But by fortune Brasidas sonne of Telydas Spartayne was in the same quarter very nighe vnto yt with a smal nomber of men of warre Who vnderstandinge the comynge of the ennemys came with a houndred armed men onely for to succour the towne and passed through the myddes of the campe of the ennemys that were dispersed skatered abroade And they made to the walle so diligently and manfully that with a very small losse of his people that were slayne in passinge through he entred into the towne and saued yt By reasone of whyche hardynes he was praised by the Spartaynes aboue all those that were in that same warre At departure fromthens the Athenyans wente to lande in the coutrey of Elede wherin they toke the towne of Phee where they soiourned two daies pillaging al
to ouerronne the sayde countrey of Megare Sōtyme wyth horsemen and sometyme with fotemen vntill that they toke the cytie of Nysee But that furste yeare whereof we speake they fortefyed wyth walles the cytie of Atalēte And neuerthelas whā it came vnto the ende of the somer they habandōned destroyed yt For that that yt was nighe the Locryans the Opuntyens to the intent that the Corsairyens shulde not haue the commodyte to wythdrawe themselfe thider for to come to ouerronne the coūtrey of Eubee All the whyche thinges were done that selfe same sommer chiefly after that the Peloponesians were departed from the lande of Athens At begynnyng of winter Euarchus Acarnanyan myndinge to retourne into the cytie of Astacte required the Corinthians to delyuer hym fifty shippes and a thousande fyue hoūdredde men armed By whose ayde togither with some that he shulde finde on hys syde he mighte recouer the sayde cytie whiche thinge they did And committed the charge of the said armye to Euphamydes sonne of Aristomynus to Tymoxenus sonne of Tymocrates and to Eumachus sonne of Chrisis who beinge come by sea to the sayd cytie sett the same Euarchus within yt And parforced and aduaunced themselfe in that voyage to subdue certayne townes of Acharnanie whiche were alongest the sea But parceyuynge that they coulde not do yt they retourned fromthence passinge by bifore the Isle they landed nigh to the cytie of Cranye thinking to take yt by composition But they of the towne fayninge to intreate with them came to assayle them beinge vnprouyded and dyd slay one parte of them and the other were constrayned to retyre into theire barques and to retourne into thair countrey That selfe same wynter the Athenyans followynge the auncyent vsage of the cytie made thair publique or opēne obiites or obsequies for them that were deade in that same warre And they were made in this manner Thre dayes bifore there was made a greate tabernacle within the whiche was putt the boones of them that were dead and their parentes frendes might laye vpon thē what they thought good Afterwards euery lignage of the towne or trybe had a great coffer of Cypres Into whiche they did putt the boanes of them that were dead of that trybe and they dyd cary that same cofer vpō a charrett And after all the cofres was caryed vpon an other charrett a great bedde ready made beinge hooly voyde whyche represented them that were dead whose bodyes coulde not be founde And the sayd Charyottes were cōducted and accōpanyd by all sortes of people Citezeins or other those that wold cōme vntill the sepulcre wherat were the wyues and parentes of the deade makinge greate weapinges and Lamentacyons And afterwardes they dyd putt all the sayde cofres in a publique graue or monument made for that purpose in the fayrest suburbe of the cytie the same sepulcre or graue is called Ceramicō wherin was accustomed to be buryed all they that were dead in thair warres reserued thē that were slayn in Marathone To whō for remēbrance of their singuler vertue they wylled to make a particuler sepulcre vpō the self place And after that the corpses were buryedde the custome was that some notable personage of the cytie a man of knowlaige and honnorable according to the qualitie of the deade shulde make bifore the people a preachinge or declaration in thair prayse And afterwardes euery man departed In this manner the Athenyans buryed them that dyed in theire warres so often as the chaunce happened And that tyme Pericles sonne of Xantippus was deputed and chosen for to reherce and propone the prayse of them that were the furst slayne in that warre Who after the solempnyte of the sepulture of buryall acheued and ended mounted or stode vp in a highe chaire in manner that all the people might vnderstande hym well and dyd speake in this manner ¶ The funerall declaration of Pericles ☞ The .vii. Chapter MAny of them that haue herebifore declared in this place greatly haue praysed this custome to reasonne and speake bifore all the people in the praise of them that were dead But it semeth to me to be ynough to declare by deedes the honnour 's and the prayses of theym that by high actes haue meryted them as youe haue sene that hathe bene done in this present solempnyte of publique funeralls And that men shulde not commyt to the discretion of one only man the vertues and prayse of so many valyant people nother yet bileue that whiche he therin sayde were yt good or euyll For it is a thinge very harde and difficile to kepe the meane and reasone in speakinge of suche thinges wherof skarcely may be hadde a certayn opynyon of the trouthe For if that he that heareth it spokē hath knowlaige of the dede and loueth him of whome is spokenne he thinketh alwayes that there is lesse spoken than ought to be And that he willed not And by the coūtrary vnto him that hath no knowlaige it semeth for enuie that he hath that all that whiche is spoken of an other more further than his oune strengthe and vertue can atteigne to ys withoute trouthe For that that euery man thinketh that none shulde prayse nor esteme an other more than himselfe and if a man passe further he is enuied and in nothinge bileued But sithens it hath bene approued and allowed of a longe tyme that it ought to be this done it becommeth me obeynge to the lawe to accommodate apply my speking to the opynyō wille of euery one of you the most y◠I maye begynnyng to prayse our auncesters and progenitours for that that it is a thinge raisonnable and honneste to render in this place this honnour for the memory and recordation of them that furst inhabited and peopled this region And from hande to hande by thair vertue haue lefte delyuered yt vnto th aire discent franke and free vntill this present daye And if they herefore be worthy of prayse our fathers whiche came after be yet more worthy who aboue that that thair auncyentes hadde lefte vnto them haue acquyred and added by th aire labours and vertues all the empire and seignyory that we presently do holde And yet aboue them there in we that be lyuynge specyally in competente aage haue incresed and amplefyed it and also haue prouyded and fournished our cytie with all thinges that be necessary aswell for peace as also for warre And yet I intende not to reherce the great prowesse and valyauntnes that we and our ancesters haue vsed in defending vs aswell agaynst the straungers as againste the Grekes that haue warred vpon vs. By meanes wherof we haue acquired gottonne all our landes and lordeshipps For I wil not be prolixe in those thinges whiche youe do all knowe But after that I shall haue declayred by what witt by what industry and laboure and by what arte our empyre hath bene establisshed and augmented I wyll come to the
litle goodes whiche they had was consumed by the warre and the ryche and noble men for that they had loste the fayre possessyons and the sumptuous houses that they had in the feldes And this was the most grief that they had warre in stede of peace By reasone of whiche thynges they remytted not the hatred that they had agaynste Pericles but coÌ„dempned hym in a somme of monney And neuertheles wythin a smal tyme after lyke as is the cvstome of the people to be varyable dyd choseâ— hym agayne to be theyr Duke and gaue hym full puissance and auctoryte in all thynges For although that they were nowe weakened by the euyls and dammages that they had suffred in particuler yet in thynges that concerned the weale and gouernement of the common wealthe they knewe that they had nede of hym and that he was the most suffycyent man that they had Also for trouthe so longe as he had the gouernaunce durynge the peace he admynystred moderately and defended it intierly and also augmented and amplefyed it greately And afterwardes whan there was questyon of the warre he knewe and vnderstoode ryghte well the strength and puissance of the cytye lyke as it appereth by that which therin hath be done But sithens hys death which was two yeares and a halfe after the warre begonne men knowe muche more hys prudence and prouidence For he had alwayes shewed them that they shulde haue the victory of that warre yf they kepte themselfe from fayghtynge agaynste the enemyes on lande and dyd execute theyr feate by sea wythout alwayes to searche to gette a newe seignyory and wythoute puttynge the cytye in daunger wherin after hys deathe they dyd the whole contrarye And moreouer touchynge the other thynges that concerned not the warre they whiche had the administratyon dyd euery one after hys ambition and particular couetice bothe to the greate preiudyce of the common welthe and also of themselfe For theyr enterpryses were suche that whan it thaÌ„ came to theyr intente it redounded to the honnoure and proffite of particulers more than of the commone But chaunsynge to the contrarye it was the perdition and losse of the common welthe And the cause of thys disorder was for that that durynge the tyme that the same Pericles was in auctoryte he had the reputacyon the myndes and affectyons and assured fealtie and truste Also with out all doubte he was ryght wyse and wolde not be corrupte For thys cause he easely refrayned and appaysed the people For that also he shewed hymselfe towardes them rather a compaignyon than a duke and gouernour Furthermore he got not the auctoryte by vnlaufull meanes nother dyd speake any thynge for to please but in kepyng hys grauitie whan men proponed and sett fourth anye thing invtile and vâ—profytable he spake frankely agaynst it though that in that doing he incurred the indignatyon of the people And so often as he vnderstode that they Imagyned to do any thynge before that it were tyme or by crueltye rather than by reasone he reprehended and resrayned them by hys graue speakyng and by hys auctoryte And also whan he sawe them afrayde for any inconuenyent he put them agayne in courage In such sorte that in apparance the gouernaunce of the towne was in the name of the people but in effecte al the auctorytie was in hym Wherethroughe after that he was deade it chaunced that those whiche succeded in hys place beinge equalle in auctoryte dyd searche euerye one of them to obteigne the principalite ouer the other And to brynge that to passe they enforced them selues for to please the will of the people Which doing they commytted very many great faultes lyke as it chauÌ„ceth in suche cases in a great cytye whiche hath empyre and seignyory but amonge other the greatest was that they made a nauigation into Sycile For they offended not onely agaynste them whome they wente to oultrage begynnyng to warre vpon them whiche thinge they shulde not haue done but also againste them whome they had sent thyder for that that they prouided not wel in theyr case by meanes of the troubles and questyons that happened in the cytye by occasion of thadministration of the auctorytyeâ— for the which the princyyall dyd stryue and debate through iniuryes and through accusatyons And by that meane the sayd armye was defeated in Sycile And also afterwardes was loste a greate parte of the armye by sea wyth the apparayle which they had set fourth agayne And notwitstandynge the sayde losse and that they were trauaylled in the cytye by cyuile seditions and questyons and that they had gottone the Syciliens for enemyes besydes the other and also that the more parte of the allyes had habandoned and forsakeÌ„ theÌ„ fynally the Cyrus sene of the kyng of Perse was allyed with the PeloponesiaÌ„s and had geuen them money for to make an armye by sea yet dyd they resist thre yeares and coulde not be vainquyshed vntyl suche tyme as they being oppressed troubled by their cyuyle dissensyons were constrayned to render theÌ„self wherefore it is clerely apparauÌ„t yâ— whan Pericles faylled them they had yet suche puissance that with his conducte they might easely haue had the victory of the same warre Of some other exploictes of warre that wree done that same sommer aswell on the one parte as on the other and howe the cytye of Potyde was rendred by composition vnto the Athenyans The .xi. Chapter ANd for to retourne to the narration of the sayd warre of the Lacedemonians and theyr allyes that self same sommer they raysed vp an armye by sea with an houndred shyppes whiche they sente vnder the coÌ„duct of Cnemus SpartiaÌ„ into the Isle of zeacynthe which was right agaynst Elyde and was inhabyted by the Achayans that be in Peloponese but it toke partie wyth the Athenyans and there pyllaged it all ouer and wente aboute to take the cytie but seynge that they coulde not they retourned In that selfe same sommer Aristeus of Corinthe and Polys Argyan in theyr particuler name and Anteristes Nicolaus Pratodemus and Tymagoras as Ambassadours of Lacedemonyens wente into Asia towardes the king Artaxerxes for to induce hym to be of theyr allyance in that same warre and to lende them money to rayse an armye by sea But before their goinge thider they came into Thrace towardes Sitalces sonne of Terreus for to perswade hym yf it were possyble to leaue the allyance of the Athenyans and to take theyrs and in that doyng to leade and conducte hys horsemen with their fotemen for to rayse theyr sâ—ege that the Athenyans dyd holde before Potyde And so as they were entred into the royalme of Sytalces for to go to passe the sea into Hellesponte wyllinge to go to fynde Pharnaces sonne of Pharnabasus whiche shulde brynge them vnto the kynge they founde with Sytalces Learchus sonne of Callymachus Ameniedes sonne of Philemon Ambassadours froÌ„ the Athenyans who perswaded Sadocus
sonne of Sitalces who had bene made cytezein of Athens that he ought to take the sayd Ambassadours other aboue named to rendre them vnto theÌ„ for that that they wente to the kynge for to treate somethyng against the sayd citie At whose persuasyon the sayd Ladocus dyd sende hys men after them Who fouÌ„de them at the sea syde where they were willing to embarque themself from theÌ„ce toke them Afterwardes they brought them backe to the said Sadocus who delyâ—ered theÌ„ vnto the Ambassadours of Athenes and they caryed theÌ„ vnto Athens And sone after the Athenians fearing that Aristeus who had bene cause auctour of all the affaires that they had hadde at Potyde in Thrace shulde yet ymagine moreouer some thynge against them yf he eskaped they caused him all the other to dye the same day wtout any proces without hearing the thing which they wolde declare And afterwardes dyd cast theÌ„ frome the height of the walles downe into the dyches For by that meane they thought with good cause that they did vengeaunce for their citezeins other their allyes marchantes whiche the Lacedemonyans had taken vpon the sea after that they had caused them to dye had lykewyse caste theim into their dytches For from the begynnyng of the warre those Lacedemonians dyd holde for ennemys all those that they did take vpon the sea whyder they helde the partye of Athenians or that they were newter caused them to dye without remissyon Aboute the ende of that same somer the Ambrasiens hauinge taken with them one good bende of straungers wente agaynst the Argyens which be in the countrey of Amphilochie againste all the said countrey for a questyon which they had newly had with theÌ„ And by thys occasyon Amphilochus sonne of Amphiarus who was of the cytye of Argos in Grece at his retourne from the warre of Troye wolde not retourne into hys countrey for the trouble sorowe that he had there so wente to the goulphe of Ambracie whiche is in the countrey of Epyre there made a citie whiche he named Argos in remembraunce of the same wherof he was and he added vnto it for surname Amphilotique he named the whole countreye Amphilochie which was right puyssant of people amonge all the other cities of the countrey of Ambracie But by succession of tyme hauing many questyons with theyr voisins neighbours they were constrayned to retyre and take the Ambracyâ—ns theyr neighbours into their citie compaignye Which brought them thaÌ„ furst the Grekishe language In suche sorte that they all dyd speake that same language For afore they were straungers as the other Amphylocyens yet be the cytye excepted Afterwarde by successyon of tyme the Ambratians chased the Argyues oute of the cytye kepte it alone who beyng expulsed wente towardes the Acarnanyans and gaue them selfe vnto them and altogether to wytt the Acarnanians and the Amphilochiens came to demaunde ayde of the Athenians for to recouer the sayd cytye who sente them Phormio with .xxx. shyppes which toke the cytye and pyllaged it and after lefte it to the Acarnanyans and to the Amphilochiens togethers By occasyon wherof the allyance dyd than furste begynne betwene the Athenyans and the Acarnanyans and the questyon and enemytye betwene the Ambracyens and the Amphilochiens of Argos for that that the same Amphilochiens reteigned at that pryze many prysoners of the sayde Ambratiens who in tyme of thys warre whereof we speake assembled a greate armye aswell of theyr owne people as also of Chaonyens and of other strauÌ„gers theyr neyghbours and wente thyder to descende before the cytye And they pyllaged all the territorye therof But they coulde not take it and so retourned into theyr houses These thynges were done that same sommer At begynnynge of wynter the Athenyans sente twenty shyppes into the countreye of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Phormio who departing froÌ„ the porte of Naupacte watched that no shyppe myght passe nor enter nor also departe fro Corinthe nor from Crissee other sixe they sente vnder conducte of Melessander into Carie and into Lycie for to recouer moneye of them and to defende that the marchaÌ„tes shyppes of the sayde Athenyans shulde not be spoyled and oultraged by theÌ„ of Plaselide and of Phenice Melessander nowe beyng landed in the countrey of Lycie he was by this enemyes vainquished and slayne togedres wyth one part of hys people In the selfe same sommer the Potydyens seyng that they coulde no longer holde and kepe theyr towne agaynst the Athenyans that had so long kepte it assieged for the necessyte of darthe famyne wherin they were whiche was so extreme that amonge other fylthy and abhomynable thynges that they dyd eate there were that dyd eate the one the other and seynge also that for all the warre that was made agaynste the sayde Athenyans that they dyd not retyre from the sayde siege they came to speake wyth the Capytaynes of the said siege for the Athenians which were Xenophon sonne of Eurypedes Eristiodus sonne of Aristocles and Phynomachus sonne of Callymachus and rendred themself vpon these conditions that they of the sayde towne togethers with theyr men of warre straungers shulde departe and comme fourth euerye of the men wyth one garment and the women wyth twayne and moreouer euery one hadde a certayne somme of moneye to go fromthence the whiche composytyon the said capytaynes dyd accepte consyderynge the incommoditie wherin theyr hoste was by reasone of the wynter and also the greate some of monney whiche that same siege had nowe coste whiche amounted to more than two thousande talentes Thus the PotydyeÌ„s departed from thence vnder saulue conducte into the couÌ„trey of Chalcyde euery one the best that he myght wherwyth the Athenians were ryght euyll contented saying that they myght haue had it at theyr wylle and yf they wolde And yet neuertheles they sente thyder of theyr citezeyns for to people and inhabyte it All whiche thynges were done in that same wynter whiche was the ende of the seconde yeare of that warre which Thucidides hath wrytten Howe the citie of Platce was by the Peloponesians assieged battred and assayled and by the cytezeins declared ☞ The .xii. Chapter THe sommer ensuynge the Lacedemonyans and theyr allyes came agayne no more into Attique but they wente before the citie of Platee vnder the conduct of Archidamus king of Lacedrmonians And they hauyng nowe planted their siege before the towne and willing for to pyllage and waste the countrey the citezeins sente their ambassadors vnto them which dyd speake in thys manner Archidamns and you other Lacedemonyans youe do euill and against your honnour and the honnour of your fathers to come enemylyke into oure lande and to assiege our citye For Pausanyas Lacedemonyan sonne of Cleombrotus who delyuered Grece from the domynation of the Medes with the Grekes that toke the adnenture of the bataile in our lande hauynge made
hys sacrifyce in the myddest of oure marquet place to the God Iupyter the deliuerer in the presence of all the hoste gaue to the Plateans theyr cytye and theyr territorye to the ende that they might lyue in theyr lybertie accordynge vnto theyr lawes and that no man shulde make warre nor do them violence vniustly through couetyce to rule them And he coniured and swore all the allyes and confederates that were there to defende theÌ„ with their power agaynst all men that wolde attempte the contrary This is the â—werdoÌ„me and rewarde that youre fathers gaue vs for the vertue which we sâ—ewed in that daunger But you do holy the contrary that comme hyther with the Thedayns oure capitall enemyes for to subdewe and brynge vs into seruytude and bondage Wherfore we call to wytnes them amonge youe that were present at that acte and also oure domestycall Goddes and yours agaynst youe yf you do any harme in oure lande and also yf commyng agaynst youre othe you suffre vs not to lyue in oure lybertye so as Pausanias ordeyned and more they sayd not Wherunto Archidamus aunswered in thys manner Youe saye ryght well Plateans yf the dedes were lykâ— vnto the wordes For as Pausanyas than grauÌ„ted youe that youe shulde lyue in youre lybertye and after youre lawes euen â—o you shulde haue ayded yourselues with your power to haue kepte set agayne into the self lybertie the other Grekes that were presente at the acte wherof youe speake and parttakers of the dauÌ„gers of the warre aswel as you who haue bene subdued and brought into seruytude by the Athenyans By occasyon wherof al thys armye is assembled and this warre begonne Wherfore so much the better youe shall kepe youre othe as youe shall the more ayde to restore them into libertye And yf you woll not do it at the leaste lyue as youe haue lyued heretofore And laboure youre lande in peace without takinge parte with the one nor with the other But receyue them all as frendes and helpe not to the warre of one more than of the other wyth this aunswere the Ambassadours retourned into the citie and made theyr reporte before all the people By whose ordinauÌ„ce they came agayne vnto Archidamus and sayde vnto hym that that which he had demaunded of them was impossyble for them to do wythoute consente of the Athenyans for that that they had theyr wyues and chyldren with the Athenyans and on the other parte that they feared to put the cytye in great daunger after that the host shuld be departed fromthence the Athenians not content wyth that that had bene done shulde come vpon them And also that the Thebayns who had not bene coÌ„prysed in the othe vnder coulour that the citie ought to receiue theÌ„ with th one partie the other wolde at an other tyme subdewe theÌ„ Whereunto Archidamus aunswered theÌ„ that they shulde haue good hope and for to exchue all daungers they shulde put theyr houses and all the cytye wyth hys territorye into theyr kepinge geue them by accompt al the trees that were there all the other thynges that myght be nombred togethers wyth the lymyttes of theyr sayde terrytorye by declaration And they with theyr wyues and children to go to dwelle where they shulde thinke good duringe the warre And lycence vs sayth he to holde them in deposet in your name and incontynent after the warre ended we promys to render them intierly vnto youe and neuertheles thys duryng to laboure youre landes and to geue you of the fruictes that which shal be necessary for youre lyuyng vpon thys demaunde the Ambassadours retourned into the cytye and there proponed declared it vnto the people who for resolution made aunswere that they so farre as laye in them accepted the offre yf the Athenyans were therwyth contented But wythout furst coÌ„moning wyth theÌ„ they wolde in no wyse do nor agre vnto it And so they demaunded a certayne terme for to sende vnto Athenes and that in the meane time there shuld no doÌ„mage be done in theyr lande whiche thynge was accorded and parformed vnto them But whan the Ambassadours which they sente to Athenes were comme agayne they made reaporte vnto the people of the resolution that the AtheniaÌ„s had made vnto theÌ„ after all the declarations and raysons of the one syde of the other whiche was of thys substaunce The Athenyans do declare vnto you that sence that they haue made allyance with youe they haue not suffred youe to be oultraged nor wronged and they admonyshe youe that ye ought to haue remeÌ„â—braunce of the othe that youre fathers made vnto them For they arne not minded nowe to forsake youe but woll ayde youe wyth theyr power and therfore requyre you to be faythfull vnto them For as for theym they intende not to innouate nor charge youe wyth any newe impost whiche aunswere beyng vnderstande by the Plateans they determyned not to habandone nor forsake the Athenyans but to resyste the ennemyes althoughe they shulde see them bourne and waste before theyr eyes all the goodes that they hadde in the countreye and shulde suffre all the other euyls that myght be done vnto them And therfore they wolde no more sende agayne theyr messengers towardes the Peloponesyans but from the walles made theyr aunswere that it was not possyble for them to do that whiche they hadde requyred of them Than Archidamus came before the walle and protested agaynst them in thys manner Youe Goddes and saynctes that kepe the citie lande of Plateans I call youe to wytnes that these here be they that furst breake theyr othe that the oultrage commeth not by our faulte yf we coÌ„me ennemilike into theyr laÌ„de in the which our auÌ„cesters hauing made their vowes sacrifyces had the victorye agaynst the Medes by your helpe fauoure And that thys that shal be fromhencefourth done against theÌ„ it shal be through their wronge not through ours For that that whatsoeuer declarations exhortacions that we coulde reasonablye make vnto them we coulde not prouffyt in any thynge nor allure them with raysone Wherfore vouchesaulf that they whiche haue furste done the oultrage maye haue the payne And that they that prepare themselfe for to punyshe them iustelye maye do it After that he had made this protest and requeste vnto the Goddes he suffredde and lycenced hys men at armes to begynne the warre And furst with the trees that were incontynently cut downe he caused the towne to be inclosed with greate barres and skinnes to the intent that none shulde issue out nor enter therin Afterwardes they beganne to rayse vp a bancke and a mount hopyng in small time to acheue it seyng the greate nomber of people that helped to the worke and by that meane to take the towne And the forme of that same douue or mounte was suche Furste they made it with braunches of trees with grates in forme of baskettes and they sett them of eche
they left the other halfe to be kepte by the Beotyans and after the other departed about the saison that the starre named Acturus doth appere euery man retourned from thence vnto his house As touching the Plateans they had now afore sent away their wiues thou aged people the children al those that were not mete to sarue for the warre In such sorte that there were abydinge in the towne but foure houndred and foure skore Athenyans and ten women alonely for to make them their bread and more there were not of any estate nor condityon The whiche determyned for to defende the towne Such was the preparation of the siege of Platee ¶ Howe the Athenians had an ouerthrow bifore the towne of Spartole in the countrey of Bottians And the Peloponesians an other bifore the cytie of Stratie in the countrey of Acarnanie ☞ The .xiii. Chapter THat same somer in the beginning of the said siege the AtheniaÌ„s sent XenophoÌ„ son of Euripides .ii. other capitains with two thousand fotemeÌ„ citezeins two houÌ„dred horsmen estrangers in haruest season for to make warre against the Chalcydyans Bottians which be in the couÌ„trey of Thrace who being desceÌ„ded bifore the towne of Spartole which is in yâ— quarter of BottiaÌ„s they wasted all their corne yet had intelligeÌ„ce confederation with some of theÌ„ of the towne that shuld haue let theÌ„ in But thoder that were not of the confederatioÌ„ caused a bende of horsmeÌ„ to come frome the towne of Olinthe who being aryued went fourth with the people of the town for to fight against the AtheniaÌ„s In which bataile the fotemeÌ„ ChalcydyeÌ„s being wel armed were repulsed driueÌ„ backe eueÌ„ vnto the gates But the horsmeÌ„ OlynthiaÌ„s the fotemen light armed with a certain small noÌ„ber of other fotemen bearing Pauesses or Targots that were of the contrey that is called Crusyde repulsed the horsmeÌ„ of the Athenyans And as they retyred on the one syde on the other froÌ„ that same battaille ther came soubdainly certayn fresh beÌ„des of fotemeÌ„ wel armed which the OlynthieÌ„s sent to increase the ayde of theÌ„ of the town who seing the said succour coÌ„ming toke hart vnto theÌ„ agayn specially the footmen light armed the horsmeÌ„ Chalcydyens a fresh with the succour of the OlynthyaÌ„s that was come vnto theÌ„ they set vpoÌ„ the Athenyans so dyd repulse force theÌ„ to retire vnto two coÌ„paignies which they had left te kepe their baguaige their artillrie And yet neuerthelas those Athenians defended theÌ„selues maÌ„fully always as they came liuely vpon their ennemis they repulsed theÌ„ But after that they were retourned to their said baguaige the other did chase theÌ„ back again to wit the foot men with shott the horse men with hand strocks in such sort that at last they put theÌ„ to flight had theÌ„ long in the chase In whiche chase there died many beside those that were there slayne at the battaile which were in all four houÌ„dred thirty togidres with the thre Capytains The morow folowing the AthenyaÌ„s after that they had recouered their dead men of theÌ„ of the towne they retourned with the remenant of yâ— army to Athenes For the same victory the Chalcydiens Bottiens after that they had chosen out buryed them that were dead on their partie they erected set vp an trophe or token of tryuÌ„phe bifore the towne Anon after this battaile the Ambracyens the Chaoniens desiring to subdue all the couÌ„trey of Acarnanie to draw it froÌ„ the allyance of the AthenyaÌ„s they signefied vnto the LacedemonyaÌ„s that if they wold send theÌ„ any noÌ„ber of shipps which they might cause the cyties coÌ„federated to fournishe they might easely with a thousand of their souldiars subdewe all the countrey of Acarnanie for that that the one might not succour the other And the done they might wâ—out any great difficultie conquerre the Isle of zacynte that same of zephalanie moreouer they had esperance trusted the rather to take Naupacte which doing the Athenyans could no more discourse sayle aboutes Peloponese as they had accustomed to do wherunto the Lacedemonians didde agre immediatly sent Cnemus who yet was their capytaine generall by sea with those fewe shipps that they had the fotemeÌ„ dyd write vnto the confederated cyties on the sea side that they shuld with all diligence send thair shippes wel fournished into Leucade Now those of Corinthe among the other confedered cyties were most affectioned to the Ambracyens for that they were their burgeoses therfore they made extreme diligeÌ„ce to tacle their shipps to sende theÌ„ vnto theÌ„ likewise did yâ— SycionieÌ„s the other nighe neighbours But those of the Anactorians of the Ambratians and also of the Leucadyans were sonnest ready at the poarte of Leucade Cnemus and the thousand souldiars that he coÌ„ducted vsed so good dyligence that they passed bifore Naupacte without that Phormyo capytaine of the Athenyans who had ther abowtes .xx. shipps to kepe the passage the countrey did perceue theÌ„ So they descended incontynently in the land nighe vnto Corinthe they being there sone after came vnto theÌ„ the succours of the sayde Ambracyens Leucadyens and Anactoryens and besydes them that were all Grekes there came thider a great bende of straungers to wytt a thousand Chaonyans whiche is a nation that is not subiecte vnto kynges but do lyue vnder Dukes whome they do euery yeare chose of a bloude Roiall Of whom were Capytaines Phocyon and Nycanor and with them were the Thesprotiens whiche lyued likewyse without kinge And the Molosses and Athytains of whom was Capytayn Sabylinchus that than was tutor of Tharipus king of the said Molosses beinge in mynorytie of age There was also Orydus kinge of Paranees whiche hadde vnder his bende with his men a thousand Orestyans subgiettes of the king Anthiochus which were come thider by hys knowlaige and consent Likewyse Perdicas kinge of Macedonie sente thider a thousande Macedoniens withoute knowlaige of the Athenyans whych yet aryued not at the begynning whan the furst dyd Wyth this armye Cnemus departed frome Corynthe by lande without wylle to tary for the othere that came by sea passinge through the countrey of the Argiues he pillaged the countrey of Lymnea which was not closed with walles Afterwardes he came against the cytie of Stratie whiche is the greateste of all the countrey of Acarnanie hopinge that if he migte haue takenne that same that he shulde afterwardes right easely take the othere Whan the Acarnanyans knewe that there was come a great armye vpoÌ„ them by land and that they atteded yet for a more strengthe by sea they sente no succoures the one to the other but euery one prepared himselfe to defende his cytie and his lande and all
not that any woulde come to assaile them in their porte And so they ordeyned that euery of the marōners with an oare and a lyne wherwith men bynde them and a skynne of that same whereupon they lye wtin the shipp shulde go by lande frome Corinthe vntill the sea that is foranempste Athens And fromthence they shuld go all togither to Megare with moste diligence that they mighte And oute of the place of Nysee where is the hauenne of Megarians they shuld toawe fourty galleys in the whiche they shulde go soubdainely againste the sayde poorte of Pyreus wherin were no shippes and there was also no greate watche for that that the Athenyans neuer doubted thereof For it neuer chaunced that any shippe dyd aboorde there openly or secretly that was not parceyuedde Hauinge than the Peloponesyans well preparedde their case they toke their iourney And beinge by nighte arryuedde at Nysee they embarqued themselues vpon the shyppes that they founde there and raysed vppe their sayles for to sayle towardes Pyreus Wythout hauynge any more feare of anye manner of thynge But they hadde as it is sayde the wynde somewhat contrary Nowe was there vpon the promontorie whyche is agaynste Salamyne on the coste of Megare a bastillion which certayne souldyours Athenyās did kepe and in the sea benethe them thre galleys whych was there to empesche and lett that nothynge shulde enter nor issue fourth from the towne of Megare The whyche bastillion the Peloponesyans assaulted and at the arryuall dyd take the thre galeys whyche they founde empty and caryedde them awaye Afterwardes all at one tyme one partie amongeste them entred into Salamyne bifore that it was parceyued and dydde pillage yt But in the meane tyme they that were wythin the bastillion whyche yet defendedde themselfe didde kyndle lyers for to make signes to them of Athenes that the ennemys were comme whereof the Athenyans were somuche or more afraide than of any other thing that happenedde vnto them in all this warre For they that were in the cytie thought that Pyreus had bene already takē And they that were in Pyreus reconed the Salamyne being taken there rested nothing but that thennemis wold come also to take them whiche thing they mighte easely haue done if they had not bene empesched by the wynde and kepte backe by feare But durynge this at the dawninge of the daye all the people of Athens issued fourth on a heape and toke their ships that were at Pireus after that they were embarqued they sailed towardes Salamyne with the moste diligence that they coulde leuinge a good nomber of fotemen within Pyreus Whan the Peloponesians parceyuedde their comminge they aduaunced themselfe to wythdrawe their butyne pray and the prisonners of Salamyne into their shippes And that done with the thre ships that they had takenne in the poorte of the castelle of Budore they retourned to Nysee For they didde not assure themself well in thair shipps for that that they had bene longe on drye ground in the hauen wherfore they thought that they were not for to indure well the sea And after that they were descended at Nysee they returned by lande to Megare And fromthence to Corynthe On the othere syde whan the Athenyans were arryued at Salamyne seing that the ennemys were nowe departed they retourned likewyse vnto Athenes And fromthence fourthwardes they fournished better their poorte of Pyreus aswel with closure as with defence or watche Howe Sitalces kinge of Odrisiens entred the countrey of Macedonie for to conquerre it from the kinge Perdiccas and howe he came agayne withoute doinge any great feate ☞ The .xix. Chapter IN that same saisonne aboutes begynnynge of winter Sitalces Odrisien sonne of Tereus kynge of Thracyens enterprysed warre against Perdiccas sonne of Alexander kynge of Macedonie and againste the Chalcydyans that be in Thrace by occasyon of twoo promyses that the said Perdiccas had made vnto him whiche he did not obserue The one for his name proffytt and the other in fauour of the Atheniēs For the same Perdiccas being in great extremyte for that that on the one syde Philippe his brother wolde haue chased hym out of his roiaulme with the helpe of the said Sitalces and on the other the Athenyans were mynded to moue warre againste him he promysed to Sitalces many things if he made the appoinctmēt bitwene him and the sayd Athenians gaue no ayde to Phillip his brother against him And moreouer in makyng of the sayd appoinctment with the Athenyans the sayd Sitalces had promysed thē that the said Perdiccas shuld make warre against the Chalcidiās which thing Perdiccas had ratefied yet had not done yt For thies two quarels than Sitalces enterprised the warre And led with him Amyntas sonne of Philippe for to restore hym to the roiaulme togiders with Thambassadours of the Athenians Of whome Agnon ys chiefe that were sente thiderfor this cause For also they hadde agrede with Sitalces to sende immedyatly their armye by sea and by lande agayste the Chalcydyans For to execute than thys enterprise Sitalces assembled wyth the Odrisians all the Thracyens Ouer whome he ruled whiche be bitwene the mount Emon and the mount of Rodope of the coste of the lande And the bridge of Euxin and Helles bridge on the sea coste And afterwardes the Getes and the other that be beyonde the sayd moun◠Emon and on thisside the ryuer of Ister drawinge towardes the bridge Euxin whyche border vnto the Scytes and lyue as they the more parte Archers on horsbacke whiche we calle Hippotoxotes or Stradiotes Besides this he assembled the people of the mountaignes of Thrace whiche lyue in libertie do were their sweardes at their girdell and cause themself to be called goddes togiders with many of thinhabitātes of Rhodope which folowed him partly for wages partly for curyosite desire to se the warre He caused moreouer to come the Agrians the Leens and the other Peoniens which be at the furder ende of his empier seigniorie vntill the Greens to the ryuer of Strymone whych descendeth frō the mount Scomie through the countrey of Leens and of Greens whiche ryuer maketh the lymytt of his roioulme And fromthence he toke some other free people whyche inhabytte nighe the sayde mounte Scomie on the North syde drawynge towardes the weste vntyll the ryuer of Ostius whiche yssueth oute of the same mountaigne Fromwhence runne Nestus and Ebrus the whiche mountayne is vntilled barreyne not inhabyted nygh ynough vnto Rhodope And for to determyne the greatnes of the empyre and royaulme of Odrysyans it extendeth from the citye of Abderyans which is nygh the brydge Euxin vnto the ryuer of Ister And in that same parte where was the moste straicte on the sea syde in a shyppe hauynge alwayes a good wynde in foure dayes and foure nyghtes and by lande in the most strayghte which is from the Abderyans vntyll the ryuer of Ister A
had not foote men to matche wyth the Thracyans they assembled certayne good nomber of horsemen of theyr neyghbours which dwelled in the mouÌ„taignes And although that they were in much lesse nomber than the ennemys yet they came to assaylle them And on that syde where they charged vpon them nothynge abodde them For they were good warryours and well armed But beynge sone enuyroned by the greate nomber althoughe that they for a certayne space defended themselues yet seyng that aâ— lengthe they coulde not resiste agaynst so greate a nomber they retyred and in that conflicte Sytalces dyd speake vnto Perdicas and shewed hym the causes for whiche he made warre agaynste hym After that Sytalces seynge that the Athenyans were not come wyth theyr armye by sea lyke as they had promysed but onely had sente towardes hym theyr Ambassadours with certayne guistes thinkynge that he shulde not haue enterprysed nor executed that same warre sente one parte of hys armye into the quarter of Bottiens and one other into the same of Chalcydians who perceyuing the comminge of thennemyes were retyred into theyr townes and suffred them to waste and pyllage theyr countrey And he beynge in the same quarter the Thessalyans that inhabyt on the southe syde the Magnetes and the other that be vnder the Empyre of the sayde Thracyans Ioynynge to Thermopyles fearynge that he woulde come vpon them putt them selues in armure And lykewyse they that inhabyted in the plat countreye beyonde the mounte Strymon on the southe syde and also the Panyans the Odonians the Droyans and the Dersians all whiche be people lyuynge in lybertye And of the other parte the bruyte was amonge the Grekes ennemyes of Athenyans that the same Sytalces for the allyance that he hadde wyth the same Athenyans had vnder couloure of that warre of Macedonie assembled that armye for to come agaynste them in fauor of the sayde Athenyans Wherevpon the sayde Sytalces parceyuynge that he came not to the ende of that which he had enterprysed and dyd nothynge but waste the countrey wythoute conquerynge it also that victuailes fayled hym and that wynter drewe nyghe by the counsayle and perswatyon of Senthes sonne of Spardocus who was hys cousynne Germayne and the chyefe and most puyssant of hys armye next hymselfe determyned to retourne assonne as he coulde Nowe had Perdicas gotten secretely the sayde Senthes to be hys frende by meane that he had promysed to geue hys suster vnto hym in maryage togeders wyth a greate somme of monneye By this meane than Sitalces after that he had taryed .xxx. dayes and no more in the couÌ„treye of the enemies wherof he had consumed .viii. whole entier daies in the countreye of Chalcyde he retourned into hys royaulme wyth hys armie Aâ—d anone after Perdicas insuynge hys promys dyd geue Stratonice hys suster vnto Senthes in maryage The enterpryse of Sytalces dyd take such yssue and effecte Of certayne exploites of warre that Phormyo dyd in the countrey of Acarnanie and of the begynnyng of the same countrey ☞ The .xx. Chapter IN that self same wynter whereof we speake after tharmye by sea of the Peloponesians was retyred and disseuered Phormyo with the people that he had at Naupacte in armes sailled towardes Astace beynge there arryued sett on lande thre houndred of hys maroners all armed wyth asmany Messenians with whome he entred into the countrey mediterraine of Acarnanie And oute of the townes of Strate of Coronte and out of many other he chased the inhabytantes that semed vnto hym to be affectioned or partyes wyth the Peloponesyans And after that he had sett agayne Cynetes sonne of Theolyte within Coronte he retourned into hys shyppes with hys people and durste not go agaynste the Oeniades who onely amongest the Acarnanyans had alwayes bene ennemyes of the Athenyans For feare that he had to demoure and tary there in wynter seasonne For that that the ryuer of Achilous which descendeth out of the mount Pyndus and passeth by the Dolopyans by the Amphilochiens by the plat countrey of Acarnanie and through the cytye of Strate and after by the countrey of Oeniades and than commeth to descende into the sea retourneth ryght agaynste the towne of the sayde Deniades In such sorte that the countrey there is almoste not habytable in wynter for men of warre By cause of the contynuall crekes and washynges away of the earthe that it causeth And also there be dyrectly agaynste the regyon of Oeniades certayne of the Isles Eschinadians whiche be very lytle dyfferente frome the ouerflowynges of Achelous For by the earth that the ryuer whiche cometh frome the mountaygnes as it were a floude doth carye thyder some of the same do ioygne vnto the mayne lande and the people of the countreye do beleue that by successyon of tyme they so shall ioygne togeder For that that it oftentymes reygneth there whereby the ryuer groweth very grosse which caryeth alway a great quantyte of sande Also the Isles there be very thicke or nygh ioyned togeder so that well nyghe the one maigneteygneth the other togeder by meanes of the refuse that the ryuer bringeth thyder not by order in a range For than the force of the ryuer wolde breake it But one tyme in one place an other tyme in an other so that men coulde skarcely departe frome the same Isles into the sea and also they be small rude and deserte And it is sayd that whaÌ„ Alcmeon sonne of Amphiaraus had slayne hys mother beynge by contynuall tourment of horryble visions constrained to wander through the worlde and coulde not arreste in any parte he was admonyshed by the oracle aunswere of the God Apollo to go to inhabyte in that laÌ„de For the said oracle aunswered hiÌ„ in thys manner that he shulde neuer be delyuered from those fearefull vysyons vntyll that tyme that he had founde for to inhabite the regyon that hadde not bene sene of the sonne that had not bene lande before the death of hys mother For that that all other lande was prophane vnto hym accursed for the mysdede of murder that he had comytted in the parsone of hys mother Who after that he had longe studyed howe that he might fynde thys lande aduysed with himself that iâ—â— was the ouerflowinges of Achelous In which place after the death of hys mother was increased by the alluuyons or ouerwashynges lande ynoughe for hys habytacioÌ„ besydes that which was there before by meanes that he had now erred wandred aboutes a longe tyme after the death of hys mother And so he inhabyted raigned there nygh vnto the quarter where be at thys presente the Oeniades And by cause of hys sonne named Acarnanus he called that regyoÌ„ Acarnanie Thys is that which we haue vnderstaÌ„ded of AlcmeoÌ„ And for to retourne to our hystorye Phormion being with the Athenians that he brought agayne out of the countrey of Acarnanie vnto Naupacte went in the beginning of the fyrste spring
whiche they had sent to Athenes shulde obteygne any thynge to theyr intente So the sayde Ambassadours that wente to Lacedemonye dyd make marueylous dylygence for to perswade the Lacedemonyans to sende succoure vnto them of Mytilene And in the meane time came agayne the Messengers that were gone vnto Athens who hauynge made reaporte that they coulde obteygne nothynge the cytye and all the Ysle armed themselfe for to resiste Reserued Methymne whiche toke part wyth the Athenyan And so dyd the Imbryans the Lymnyens some other of the Isles being theyr next coÌ„federates And hauyng made one assaulte vpon the campe of the Athenyans though they had not had the worse yet durste they not demoure nor abyde vpon the campe Nother afterwardes they durste yssue fourthe but they kepte themselfe wythin the cytye attendynge and lokynge yf anye succoure wolde come vnto them frome Peloponese or elleswhere Certayne tyme after arryued Meleas Laconyon and Hermeonidas Thebayne Who thoughe they brought them no succoure were dyspatched for to come towardes the Mytilenyens before theyr reuolte or rebellyon for to empesche and lett the commynge of the Athenyans But seynge that they had bene preuented they caused themselfe to be brought pryuely vpon a Brygantyne into the towne after the battaylle that was made at the assaulte whereof we haue spoken And they counsaylled them of the towne that they shulde sende with them some Ambassade vpoÌ„ a lyght galley Which they dyd Seyng than the Athenyans that the Mytylenyens durst no more comme fourth they toke the more courage and coÌ„â—maunded theyr allyes to comme and to strengthen theyr armye Who came thyder wyllingly thinkynge that wythoute greate payne they shulde ouercome the Lesbyens And so they besieged the cytye on two sydes towardes the lande and they fyrmed theyr two sieges wyth walles And moreouer they dyd sett a greate garnysone wyth shyppes at the entrye of two portes so that they of the towne coulde haue no vsage of the sea But on the lande syde they dyd kepe all For the Athenyans occupyed not but a very lytle about theyr campe forsomuch as they had made theyr estaple of victuayles and the soiurne of theyr shyppes at Malee In suche sorte were the affayres at Mytylene In that selfe same saysone the Athenyans sent aboute thyrty shyppes from Peloponese vnder the coÌ„ducte of Asopius sonne of Phormyon at the requeste of the Acarnanians Who had prayed them that they would sende to that enterpryse some one of the children or of the parentes of the sayde Phormyo The same Asopius wyth hys shyppes pyllaged and dyd fourrage many places by the sea syde in the countrey of Laconie and after retyred vnto Naupacte wyth twelue of the sayde shyppes And the other he sente agayne vnto theyr houses Afterwardes hauynge assembled all the puyssance of the Acarnanyans he wente to make warre vpon the Eneâ—ades And he by sea came to rushe vpon the shyppes of the Acheloyans And the sayde Acarnanyens came by lande to pyllage all the countrey But seynge that he coulde not comme to the ende of hys enterpryse he sente away hys armye by lande and he wyth hys twelue shyppes toke hys course for to sayle into Leucadye Neuertheles beynge descended in Noricque as he woulde haue retyred into hys shyppes he was stayne wyth one parte of hys souldyars by the people of the toune with the ayde of certayne souldyours that they had in very small noÌ„ber And the other after that they had recouered theyr deade of the Noricques and by thys meane confessed that they had had the victory they retourned froÌ„thence In these entermedlynges the Ambassadours that the Mytylenians had furste sente vnto the Lacedemonyans hauynge by those Lacedemonians bene referred to the nexte assemble that shulde be made of all Grece in the place of Olympe to thyntent that they beynge harde in the presence of all the confederates the affayre shuld be determyned by common aduyse they coÌ„minge together at the tyme of the feaste whan Dorycus Athenyan wonne the pryze and after that the feaste and playes were acheued and ended the confederates beynge assembled to consulte of theyr affayres generall the Ambassadours were called who dyd speake in thys manner The proposition and speakinge of the Mytilenyens vnto the assemblye of the allyes and confederates of Grece ☞ The .ii. Chapter WE do well vnderstande Lordes Lacedemonyans and you other confederates that it is accustomed amonge the Grekes whiche is veray raysonable that whan they wythdrawe in tyme of warre anye from the allyance of theyr ennemyes vnto theyrs they intreate theÌ„ very welle so farre as they serue for theyr proffyt But afterwardes consyderyng that they haue betrayed theyr furste and auncyent frendes they repute them for to be vnhappy or naughty people and thynke that they wolde do worser vnto them whiche thynge were very raysonable yf the thynges were egalle on the behalfe of them that do rebelle and on the behalfe of those whom they forsake For yf they be egall of force and preparatioÌ„ as of wylle and amytie there is no reasonable cause whye they shulde habandone nor leaue the one the other But that hath no place betwene the Athenians and vs. The which thyng we wyll gladly declare to the intente that youe esteme vs not for noughtye and wycked And iudge that we do dyssolutely and cowardely yf we forsake them in tyme of warre hauynge by theÌ„ bene honored in tyme of peace For inasmuche as we come hytherfor to requyre to be receyued into your allyauÌ„ce we woll gladly before all thynges both iustyfye our case also do our vertue to be knoweÌ„ For that that the amytye amonge the partycular people and the confederatyon amonge the cytyes cannot be honnorable nor pardurable yf there be not a mutuell opynyon of vertue on both partes And in the reste a coniunction and a conformitie of manners and of wylle For where the wylles be dyscrepante and dysagreynge the actes and operations be lykewyse Wherfore to the intente that youe shulde vnderstande howe we haue proceded with the Athenyans we made allyaunce wyth them whan youe departed frome the armys after the warres of Medes that they pursued the reste of the warre and of the ennemys Whiche allyaunce we made not wyth them for to subdue the Grekes but for to delyuer them froÌ„ the seruytude of the Medes For thys cause so longe as they contynued in good compaigny we haue followed them with good and entier wylle But whan we knewe that they hadde forgotten theyr enmyte agaynste the Medes and that they wente aboute to reduce and brynge theyr compaignyons and allyes into theyr subiectyon we were afrayde Neuertheles for so muche as it was not laufull nor an easye thynge to those confederates to reallye themselfe togeders for to wythstande the vyolence whiche the sayde Athenyans wolde do vnto them for the multytude and dyuersyte of opynyons that must be hadde in suche case all the other confederates excepte vs and them
to rebell more agaynste them And of the other parte oure goodes shal be theyrs And also we shal be worse entreated than they that haue bene before tyme subdued But yf you succoure vs redely ye shall haue in your power a cytye habundante wyth great shyppes wherof youe haue nede And also youe maye more easelye destroye the Athenyans in retyrynge and wythdrawynge theyr allyes For the other by oure example shall haue more audacytie to do the lyke And also youe shall take awaye the euyll opynyon that the people haue of youe that youe woll not receyue them that come for to offre themselfe to youre allyance Be abashedde than Lordes to defraude frustrate the hope that the Grekes haue of youe and also the religyon of the God Apollo In whose temple we be here as people that requyre mercy and franchyse Receyue vs into youre allyaunce and suffre vs not to be a praye vnto the Athenyans to the partycular dangiâ—r of our parsones For in receyuynge vs shall followe the generall proffite of the leage of Grece And yf you hahand one and forsake vs there woll followe a dysaduauntage yet more generall Therfore shewe youre selfe Lordes suche men as the Grekes esteme youe to be as oure necessyte requyreth After that the Mytylenyens had thus spoken the Lacedemonyans and the other allyes concluded to receyue them into theyr allyaunce And those same Lacedemonyans takyng the charge to entre agayne that same yeare into the lande of Athens commaunded the other allyes that they shulde be ready assone ys they myght for to fournysâ— bothe partyes of the armye Thucidides Of certayne great preparations and some smalle exploictes that were done the same yeare on the one syde and of the other ☞ The .iii. Chapter IN ensuynge thys resolutyon taken at Olympe the LacedemonyaÌ„s nyghe the dystreate of Peloponese made theyr preparation of the fotemen for to bestowe them in theyr shyppes And afterwardes to cause them to assemble at Corynthe And from thence to sende them by sea to the coste of Athens for to assayle the Athenyans both by sea and by lande And vsed greate dylygence to make theyr sayde preparations But thallyes of the countreye vsed greate neglygence aswell for that that they were occupyed to gather in theyr fruyctes as also for that that the warre beganne to noye them Whan the Athenyans dyd vnderstande the preparatyons of the Peloponesyans and that by that they therin dyd it semed that they thought that the puyssance of Thathenyans was greately debilitated and weakened they armed an houndred shyppes for to shewe that they were yet more puyssant than thennemyes dyd thynke And that wythoute retyringe and callynge backe the armye by sea that they had in Lesbos they had shyppes and power ynough for to resiste them of Peloponese yf they â—ame to assayle them And within the said shyppes they shypped all the cytezeins and inhabytantes of the towne reserued the knyghtes and the pryncypall gouernours Who goynge agaynste the countrey of Peloponese passed by before the destreate to the intent that the ennemies myght see them And also landed in the sayde countrey where as they thought good Whereby the Lacedemonyans that were in the same distreate seynge the nombre of the shyppes muche more greate than they dyd thinke Imagyned that the Mytylenyans had fayned wyth them wyth that that they had sayde and they thought that they hadde enterprysed to greate a matter consydered that the allyes dyd not comme Wherefore and vnderstandynge moreouer that the shyppes of Thathenyans that were on the coste of Peloponese dyd â—yllage the countrey aboute theyr cytye they retourned vnto theyr houses And after they caused shyppes to be made fourthe for to sende into Lesbos and commaunded the confederates and allyes that they shulde furnyshe to the nombre of thyrty shyppes for the sayde voyage whereof they gaue the conducte vnto Alcydas On the other syde the houndred shyppes of the Athenyans whan they vnderstode that the Lacedemonyans were retyred they retourned lykewyse And the same armye was the fayrest and the best appoincted that the Athenyans had euer had Althoughe that aboute the begynnynge of the warre they had welle as greate nombre of shyppes or more For they therein had one houndredde to defende Athens Eubee and Salamyne and they had asmanye that wente in and oute aboute Peloponese besydes those that they had at Potydee and in other places whiche they kepte vpon the sea durynge all one sommer Also the expences of the same armye by sea the same that they made at Potidee consumed greatly their money For the men of marre that defended Potidee which were at begynning .iii. thousand so many were they the besieged it besides theÌ„ the .xvi. houÌ„dred that went with PhormioÌ„ had .ii. grotes of soulde euery maÌ„ by day to wyt the one for theyr lyuynge and the other for the lyuynge of theyr seruaunte and so muche all they hadde that were in the shyppes In thys manner the Aâ—henyans were furste at greate expences and also prouyded of suche and so greate nomber of shyppes at the self tyme whan the Lacedemonyans were in the dystreate The Mytylenyans wyth certayne souldyars of theyr allies made warre agaiÌ„st them of Mythymne hopynge to haue it by treasone of some of the towne But whan they had donne theyr beste on the syde where they thought to haue theyr intellygence and purpose and seynge that they were deceyued they wente into Antysse into Pyre and into Eresse which cytyes they fortefyed in the beste manner that they coulde aswell in repayrynge the walles as otherwyse Afterwardes they retourned wyth great dylygence to Mytylene Soone after theyr departure the Methymnyens came wyth theyr power agaynste Antysse thinking to take it by force but they were repoulsed by them of the towne and by certaine souldyars estraungers that they had wyth greate losse of theyr people and retourned with shame Of whiche thynges the Athenyans beynge aduertysed and also howe that the Mytylenyans dyd holde the Isle of Lesbos at theyr wylle so that the people that were at the siege coulde not empesche them they sente aboute the begynnynge of Autumpne Paches the sonne of Epicurus with a thousande men of theyr people Who beyng enbarqued they saylled vntill they were landed at Mytylene Beynge at whiche place they enclosed the cytye wyth a simple walle And in many places therof they sett vp towers in manner as it were assieged aswell on the lande syde as of the same of the sea very strayghtly And so wynter drewe nyghe But for so muche as the expences were very greate and that the common monney nowe faylled the Athenyans they beganne than for to furnyshe the sayde siege to set a taxe vpon them vnto the somme of two houÌ„dred talentes And so they sent Lysicles and certayne other commyssaryes with twelue shyppes towardes theyr confederates for to leuye on them a newe ayde whiche Lysicles hauynge exacted of many cytyes marytyme
wherof we shall be egall to oure ennemyes Truly we ought not to procede here to the punyshment of offenses as iudges to oure oune dommage but we ought to remember for the tyme to comme howe we maye drawe and recouer the reuenue and trybute of oure cytyes in mulctynge them moderatly and to kepe and conserue them more by gentlenes and good intreatinge than by rygoure of lawes Whereunto we do nowe intende to do the clene contrary For yf any people that were franke and free hath bene by force brought into our seruytude and subiectyon and myndynge to recouer their lybertye do rebelle as reasonably they maye do and afterwardes hath bene recouered and brought agayne youe woll that all seuerytye be vsed agaynste him Certaynely I am of contrary opynyon and thynke that the free people that do rebell shulde not be sharpelye punyshed but be well kepte by good meanes that they do not rebelle and to intreate them in suche sorte that they maye haue no occasyon to haue suche wille And consyder moreouer what faulte youe shall commyt in followynge the opynyon of Cleon. youe parceyue that the people of all the confederate cyties be affectyoned to youre estate and that they tourne not to youre ennemies although they be puyssante Or yf any of the sayde cytyes do tourne frome youe the comoÌ„ people hateth them that haue bene the cause therof And wyth thys confydence of the loue of the people youe go aboute to make your warre Nowe yf you kyll all the people of Mytylene whiche haue not consented vnto the rebellyon but whan they myghte haue taken armure and founde theÌ„selfe most stronge haue receyued you into theyr towne furste you shal be in greatefull and oultragious vnto them that haue well acquyted themselfe towardes youe and afterwardes youe shall do that that youre ennemyes desyre For whan they shall haue drawen one cytye of ours vnto theyr partye all the people shal be theyrs vnderstaÌ„dynge that yf they come into youre handes asmuch shall they be punyshed that shall not haue offeÌ„ded as they that shall haue done the worste that they might Where thoughe they had offended youe shulde haue dissymuled and wynked at it to the intent that that which we yet reteigne vnder the forme oâ— a fellowlike lyuynge shulde not be tourned into host ylytie and enmytie And in my opynyon it shulde be more proffytable for vs for the conseruatyon of oure empyre to indure to be oultraged and iniuryed with our knowlaige than to cause oure people to dye whan it is not expedyent Althoughe we myght do it by iustice And it shall not be founde verytable and true that Cleon hath sayde that one self veÌ„geaunce maye be bothe iniuste and proffytable And sythens that ye percâ—yue that that which I have spokenne is for the beste I am of aduyse that wythout groundyng youe vpon any swetenes or benignyte where vnto I woll not that ye haue regarde for the thynge that I perswaded youe but for the weale of the â—ytye onely that ye kepe yet this people here that Paches hath sent prysonners for to ordeyne hereafter therevpon all at leasure And touchynge the other that youe suffre them to inhabyte the cytye of Mytylene For that shall serue youe in tyme to comme and nowe feare youre ennemyes Forsomuche as he that geueth raysonable counsaylle is more feared and more estemed of hys ennemyes than he that by a rashe crueltye dothe and commytteth insolente and oultragyous thynges Thus spake Diodotus Howe the citie of Mitilene was in daunger to be vtterlye destroyed and the punyshment which it receyued for hys rebellyon And howe the Plateans rendred them selfe to the wylle of the Lacedemonyans wyth some other exploict of warre that was done in that same yeare ☞ The .viii. Chapter AFter these contrary opynyons there were many altercatyons among the Athenyans so that whan it came to geue theyr voyces they were founde equall and parted asmuche as th one syde as on the other but yet at the ende that same of Diodotus was alowed And so they dispatched incontinently one other galley for to go wyth all dylygence to Mytylene doubtyng that yf she vsed not dyligence the other that was departed a daye and a nyght before thys shulde preuente it In suche manner that whan thys last arryued she shulde fynde nowe the cytye eâ—tinguished For which feare thys latter galley was wayged and victuaylled by the Ambassadours Mytylenyens Who made greate promyses to the maronners yf they arryued soner thaÌ„ the furste Which by thys meane for to make extreme dylygence ceased not daye nor nyght to sayle And in theyr saylyng they dyd eate theyr breade sopped in wyne and in oyle and also they slepte by course so that the shyyp wente wythout cessynge And it chaunced them so well that they neuer had one onely contrarye wynde which was a greate fortune By meane whereof ioynned also that the fâ—rste yâ— caryed the euyll newes dyd not make very greate dylygence that same galley arryued very sone after that the other was aryued And euen at the houre whan Paches redde the furst coÌ„maundement prepared hymself for to execute it the later was presented which empesched the executioÌ„ In this manner the cytie of Mytylene was very nyghe to vtter destruction And as touching theÌ„ the Paches had sente as chief offendours which where more than a thousande they were all iudged to deathe according to the opynioÌ„ of Cleon. And also the walles of the citie of Mytylene were beateÌ„ doune all their shippes were takeÌ„ froÌ„ theÌ„ moreouer there was no trybute imposed or set through al the Isle of Lesbos but it was all except the citie of Methymne deuided into thre M. partes Whereof they dyd geue and dedicate to the temples of the Goddes thre houndred for the tenth and to other they sent of theyr cytezeins by Lott for to inhabyte there And dyd ordeyne that the Lesbiens shulde paye them for euery of the sayde partyes two pounde wayght of syluer And for that some they were permytted to labour the sayde lande Moreouer ther was taken from the sayde Mytylenyans all the townes and landes that they had in the mayne lande Which afterwarde remained in obedyence of the Athenyans Suche was the yssue of the rebellion of Lesbos In that same soÌ„mer Nycyas sonne of Nyceratus wente by sea wyth a good bende of Athenyens into the Isle of Mynouer Whiche is ryght agaynste and harde by Megare And there was a castell that the Megaryens dyd kepe for a forte whiche Nicias mynded to take for to haue there a defence and recourse more nyghe than that whiche they had at Budore and at Salamyne and to the intent that whan the Peloponesyans shulde yssue into the sea they shulde not hyde theyr galeys there as the Corsaireens had many tymes done And also to the ende that the Megaryens shulde haue no more any meane to enter into the sea And so he came furste departynge from Niseus to sett
space of time To wit in breakyng your promes and apoynctement afterwardes in kyllynge them with whom you had made it thirdly by promising vs deceitefully not to slay them seinge that we did no dammage in your land And yet neuerthelesse you haue audacytie to saye that we do you wronge and that men wold punyshe you agaynst reasone Truely ye shal be declaredde innocentes and absolued of payne if these iudges here woll iudge vniustlye But if they be good Iudges youe shall receiue punyshment for your mysdedes which thyngs we haue called to remembraūce Lordes Lacedemonyans aswell for your interestes as for ours to wytte for yours to the ende that condempnynge theyme youe vnderstande to haue done iustyce And for ours to the intente that men maye knowe that demandinge requiringe that they be punished we haue in nothing cōspyred nor done any thynge worthye of reprehensyon And youe oughte not to be moued vnto pytie for the vertues and ancyēt glories of thies people here if they haue hadde any For suche thinges ought to helpe them to whome men woulde do wronge But vnto them that haue done any vyllaynous thyng that same shuld double their payne as to thies here whyche nowe haue offended wythout any reasonable occasion Also the lamentations and pytefull rehersalles that they make in requiringe to their ayde the sepoulcres of your ancestors and bewaylinge the lacke of their frendes ought not to moue youe to pytie For we do youe to vnderstande that our yonge citezeins were muche more cruelly intreated by these here that slewe them The fathers of whom were partly slaine in Coronie bringinge vnto youe succour from Beoce And the other that remayne in their age depryuedde of theire childrenne desolate in their howses requyre thereof muche more reasonably vengeaunce than thies here requyre grace For they be aboue all othere worthye of mercye that haue sufferedde wronge agaynste reasonne But they that haue done yt do merytt that they whyche haue suffredde yt shuld reioyce themselfe by seynge theire calamyties Lyke as thies be here whoe for their faulte be thus habandōned they beynge wyllyngly departedde frome theire beste frendes and allyes And hauynge iniuriedde vs more throughe hatredde and euylle wylle than by reasonne wythoute hauynge bene by vs in anny thynge offendedde And yette they shall nott suffre all the payne that they desarue thoughe they shal be at the presente punyshedde ryghte sharpely And thys ys not true that they allege that they yeldedde them selues wyth theire good wylles holdynge vp their handes againste vs in fayghtynge butt they be by expresse couenaunte remyttedde to your iudgemente wherefore the matters beynge suche as we haue sayde wee requyre youe lordes Lacedemonians that youe woulde susteigne and helpe the lawe which thies here haue offended and to render vnto vs that haue bene vniustlye wroungedde grace and reward accordynge to oure demerytte for the saruyces that wee haue done throughe oure industrie and trauaille In suche manner that it be not sayde that wee haue hadde the repulse of youe throughe the woordes of thys people here And to shewe example vnto al Grece that you grounde not youreselfe vpon wordes but vpon dedes For truly whan matters be good of themself there nedethe not manye woordes But to coloure and mytigate a mysdede it is very requysitt to vse artificiall and sturrynge woordes And if those that haue the authorytie to iudge as it is wyth youe at thys presente hauynge somarely knowin the difficulties and doubtfull causes woulde thereupon ordeyne at ones wythoute puttynge agayne the matters into disputatyon men shulde not study somuche to forge fayre woordes in villaynous thynges Thus spake the Thebayns After that the iudges Lacedemonyans hadde hearde bothe the parties they determynedde to persyste in theire interrogation to wytte if they hadde merytedde any grace of the sayde Lacedemonyans durynge the warre Forsomuche as yt semedde vnto theyme that in the tyme passedde they were gouernedde reasonablye after the lawes and conuentyons of Pausanyas vntyll they refusedde the parte to remayne newter afore they were assiegedde And that sence they hadde refused yt the same Lacedemonyans were not bounde by the sayde conuenauntes And also the sayde Plateens hadde by that meane yll acquytedde themselfe towardes theym So they causedde them all to comme one after the other And demaūded of them as aboue And seing that they answered nothing they caused thē to be caried frōthēs into an other place where they al were slaine wythout that any one eskaped whiche were found of Plateens more than twoo houndred and of Athenyans that were come to their ayde twenty and fyue and the women caryed awaye prysonners As touchinge the cytie the Thebains dyd geue it to the Megaryans who were dryuene from their cytie through the deuisions amonge them and vnto other Plateēs that had taken their parte for to inhabitt there But the yeare gone about they plucked it downe from the bottome vp by the foundations and buylded it newe agayne nighe vnto the temple of Iuno nexte the whyche they made a palais the largenes whereof was twoo houndred fote of all sides in forme of a cloister hauinge houses and habytations of all sydes aboue and benethe wherin they dyd bestowe all the plākes the portes and the other faire ornamentes of the houses that they had plucked downe And also furnished them wyth couches and beddes and did dedicate all vnto the said goddesse to whome moreouer they edyfied a newe temple all of stone entailled or karued conteigninge an houndred foote of lengthe Touchinge the terrytorie of the said cytie of Platee yt was lett to farme to laboure for tenne yeres to wytt to the Thebains one small portione to the Lacedemonyans the greateste parte whiche they did take for to doo pleasure to the saide Thebayns For also by this same cause they were so contrary to the sayd Plateens Thinkinge that the sayd Thebains mighte helpe them greatly and do thē greate seruyce in that warre whiche they hadde bigonne agaynst the Athenyans Such ende toke the siege of Platee foore skoore and thirtene yeares after that the Plateens had made allyance wyth the Athenyans Howe the Peloponesians had an victory by sea against the Athenyans and Corcyrians that toke their parte by meanes of the deuysion that was moued amonge the sayd Corciriens ☞ The .xi. Chapter IN thies enterfeates and busynes the forty ships that the Peloponesians had sente vnto the succours of Lesbos parceyuinge the comming of the armye by sea of the Athenyans that came againste them they enforsed themselfe to retire with the most diligence that they coulde Being chased by fortune of the sea into Creta fromthens withoute order making towards Peloponese they encountred in their way nighe vnto Cyremus thirtene galleys which were of the Leucadyans and Ambrasyans wherof Brasidas sonne of Tallides was Capytaine and for his counseillour he had Alcidas who was comme thider to hym For the Lacedemonyans hauing failled
two yeares longe which was the thinge that most enfeabled and destroyed the power of the Athenyans For their dyed of that pestilence more than fore thousande and foore houndred fighters wyth ordenance and thre houndred horsemen besides the remenant of the people that was innumerable There was also greate Earthquaks at many tymes aswell in Athens as in Eubee and likewise in the countrey of Beoce but aboue all in Orâ—homenia In that self wynter the Athenyans that were yet in Sycile the Rhegins wyth their thirty ships inuaded the Isles that be called the Isles of Eolus for that that in sommer tyme men mighte not passe there for that there was no freshe water And the same Isles be inhabited wyth LipariaÌ„s that were of the countrey of Cnydus But pryncipally they kepte themself in one of the same that is called Lipare whyche is not very greate And froÌ„thence they passed to the othere to wytt Dydymus Strongilus and Hierus for to laboure and sowe them In whyche Isle of Hierus the people of the countrey bileuedde that Uulcanus dwelled and vsed hys forge Forsomuche as in the nighte meâ— might see a great flambe of fyer to aryse and in the day a greate smoke All whiche Isles be situated in the coste of Sycile and of the lande Missena and they dyd than take parte wyth the Siracusains By reasone wherof the sayd Athenyans and Rhegins wente to ouercomme them And seing that they would not geue vp they destroyed all their landes Afterwards they returned vnto Rhege And it was the fyfth yeare of the warre that Thucidides hathe wryttonne At begynnynge of the sommer followynge the Peloponesians their allyes made a freshhe their assemblie for to enter into the countrey of the Athenyans came vnto the destreate of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Agide sonne of Archidamus kinge of Lacedemonyans But parceyuynge the earthquakes that daylye chaunced they retyred wythout entrynge into the sayd countrey whyche earthquakes were so greate that in the countrey of Eubeus the sea did so strongelye checke and beate aboute the towne of Orobie that it ouerflowedde all the lowe parte of the towne And although that it wythdrewe afterwardes froÌ„ one parte therof yet it remayned in an othere parte and euersens hath remayned there By whiche ouerflowyng all the inhabitantes of that same towne were drownedde and peryshed Those resaruedde that founde the meane to wythdrawe themself into the height of the cytie and the like alluuioÌ„ and ouerflowing happened in the Isle of Atalantus nighe vnto the lande of Locriens In the whcih a castell that the Athenyans there had was in parte ouerflowed beaten downe And of two shippes that were there in the poorte the one was clerelye frushedde in pieceas And likewyse vnto the towne of Paperethus there came a goulphe of the sea yett wythoute annye Earthquake and ouerflowynge that dydde beate downe one parte of the walle togider wyth the paiais and many othere howses Of the whyche alâ—â—â—yons and ouerflowynges the Eearthquakes as I thynke were the cause For on that syde where it moste troubledde and quaked yt chasedde and repulsed the sea from it whyche retournynge agayne wyth greate force and violence caused the allnuyons and ouerflowynges In the same sommer many exploictes of warre were donne in Sycille aswell by the straungers as by them of the countrey and chiefly by the Athenyans and their allyes wherof the mosâ—e notable and those that I haue had knowlaige of were that Chariades duke of Athenyans beinge slayne in battaile by the Syracusians Laches who was capytaine of the shippes went with hys people againste the towne of Mylus in the countrey of Messanyens in whiche he hadde twoo compaignies of Messanyens whyche hauynge made twoo embushementes agaynste the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes weere repoulsedde and putte to flight And manye of theyme slayne wherewyth they of the towne were so afrayde that the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes comminge bifore that same towne they fell to a composition By whyche they rendredde the Castell And promysedde to sarue and ayde agaynste them of Messane whyche Messanyens parceyuing that power to coÌ„me against them rendredde theymselfe likewyse by composition Geuynge hostages and all othere manner of suertye In the same sommer the Athenyans sent .xxx. shyppes aboute the countrey of Peloponese vnder conducte of Demosthenes sonne of Alcisteins and of Procles sonne of Theodorus And three skoore other they sente agaynst the Isle of Melus wyth two thousande souldyars vnder conducte of Nycias sonne of Nyceratus for that the Melyans refusedde to obey to those Athenyans and to contribute to their warres And soo they constraignedde theym to comme thider by composytion after that they hadde destroyed theire landes And fromthence they passedde into Orope whyche is appositt and foranempste the sayde Isle in mayne lande In whyche place beinge arryuedde at the entrynge of the night they came all in armure out of their ships and went agaynste the cytie of Tanagre in the countrey of Beoce Into whyche place came oâ— thoder syde euenne at one tyme all the people of Athenes vnder conducte of Hipponicus sonne of Callias and of Eurymedon sonne of Thuclesâ— who beinge all ioynned togider planted their campe bifore the towne where they dydde abyde that same daye and dydde all kyndes of euylls in the countrey and rounde aboute yt And the morowe after they of the towne issuinge fourthe wyth ceâ—tayne succour that was comme to them from Theme they repoulsed theyme shamefully and slew a great nomber of them And of the harnes that they toke from theyme they raysed vp a tokene of victory bifore the towne Afterwardes they retourned thider fromwhens they came to wit the one to the shippes the othere to the cytie And they that retournedde to the shippes after that they had pyllaged the sea coasts in the couÌ„trey of Locryans they retourned into their quarter In that same time the LacedemonyaÌ„s did build the cytie of Heracleus in the countrey of Trachinieâ— and peopled it wyth their people for this occasion The Mylyens be deuyded into thre partes wherof the one be the ParalyeÌ„s the other the Hyeryens and the thirde the Thrachynyens Against which Thrachynynes the Oetes theire neyghboures hauynge warre they were frome the begynnynge of opynyon to call the Athenyans to theire ayde But not trustinge assuredly vnto them they sente lykewyse to the Lacedemonyans Tisamenus their ambassadour with whoÌ„ they of Dorie which is the Metripolytain cytie of the Lacedemonians sente asso theyr Ambassade for that they also were vexed and troubled by the saide Oetys The Lacedemonyans hauynge thaÌ„ harde that same Ambassade determyned to sende of theyr people for to buylde the sayde habytacion aswel for defence of the sayde Trachiniens Doriens as also for that it semed to them that it shulde be muche commodious for the
temples of Athens were those whiche Demosthenes alone had for his parte whyche he dyd geue after that he was retourned whych thing he dydde more assuredly by meanes of that victorye than he durste haue done bifore by cause of the ouerthrowe that he had hadde in Etholie After that the twenty galleys of the Athenyans were retourned to Naupacte and Demosthenes wyth the bende vnto Athens the Acarnanyans and the Amphilochâ—aÌ„s made appoinctement wyth the Ambracyans by meane of Salynthius kinge of Agriens for an houndred yeares to comme and gaue suertie to the Peloponesians that were retyred into Agride confusedly or myngled togyders with the Ambracyans for to retourne And the fourme of the appoinctmente was thisâ— that the said AmbracyaÌ„s shuld not be bounde to make warre with the AcarnanyaÌ„s against the Peloponesians Nor the AcarnanyaÌ„s with the Ambracyans against the Athenyans But only they were bound to ayde themself the one the other for the defence of their lande alonely moreouer that the Ambracyans shuld rendre restore to the Amphilochiens all the townes and landes that they helde of theirs that they shulde not geue any ayde supportacion or fauour to the AnactoriaÌ„s who were ennemys of the Acarnanyans Upon thys condition they ceased from warre on the one syde and on the other Anone after arryued Xenoclides sonne of Entycles with thre houÌ„dred men that the Corinthians had sent to succoâ—r the sayd Aâ—bracyans who with greate difficultie had passed through the couÌ„trey of Epyre. Thus passed the things that were done at Ambracie In that same wynter the Athenyans that were in Sycille being landed and entred into Hiemereus on the sea syde and the Sycilyans on the coste of the mountaignes and hauyng there made somme bowtie and praye and fromthence hauynge passedde by the Isles Eolydes they came agayne to Rhege In whych place they founde Pythodorus whome the Athenyans had sent for to be Capytaynes of that same thair army in stede of Laches For the souldyars Athenyans that were in that same armye and also the Sicilians that were with them had demaunded of the Athenians greater succours for that that the Syracusains beynge mightyer than they by lande yt were necessarie that they shulde be soo mightye by sea that they might defende themselfe frome beynge ouâ—traged For this cause the Athenyans had charged foortyshipps with men for to send thider thinkinge that that same warre shuld be the soner fynyshed Whereof they had onely sente one lesser parte bifore by Pythodorus for to see and vnderstande the estate of causes after they shuld sende hym Syphocles sonne of Sestratides with the remnaunte Beynge than Pythodorus arryued and hauynge takene the charge of the armye he wente froÌ„ thens to succour the cytie of Locres which Laches had taken But he was encoÌ„tred and vainquished by the Locryens so retourned The furst sprynge tyme ensuinge the fyer yssued out of the mountayne of Ethna which is the greatest that ys in Sycille lyke as it had oftentimes done in tymes passedde and yt burnedde a litle of the terrytory of Catagna which is situated vnder the said mountaigne And by that that the people of the conntrey did say yt was fyftie yeares passedde sens the fyer came fourth in that same sorte And yt was the thirde tyme in all that that had chaunced in Sycille sens that the Grekes were come thider for to inhabyt furst Thies be the thinges that were done that same yeare whiche was the sixte yeare of that warre that Thucydydes hath wryttone ☞ Here endeth the thirde boke of the historie of Thucydydes and the fourth begynneth Of certayne exploictes of warre that were done betwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans And specyally howe the place and Islande of Pylus was assieged by the Peloponesians and how the truse was made betwene them that were in the armye ☞ The furst Chapter IN the beginning of the sommer followynge whan the corne begynneth to eare tenne shippes of the Syracusains and asmanye of the Locryans dyd take the cytie of Messine in Sycille from the Athenyans Through conspyratie of the Cytezeinsâ— that had called them thider whiche enterprise the sayd Syracusains dyd for somuche as seinge that same towne to be very propyte mete for the sayd Athenyans for to enter into Sycille they feared that by meane thereof they woulde lande there wyth greater strengthe and from thence wold come to assaille them and the Locriens to haue meane for to assaille on bothe sydes theym of Rhege that were their ennemys whyche thynge they dydde incontynently after and also to the ende that they shulde not geue succours to the sayd Messenyans And moreouer they were therunto sollicyted by certayne cytezeins of Rhege who beinge bannyshedde and fledde from their cytie were retyredde to Locres For the sayde Cytie of Rhege hadde longâ— bene in greate deuysyons by meanes wherof they coulde not than defende them agaynste the sayde Locryens who seinge the the oportunytie came then to assaile them and aftere that they had ouerronned and pyllagedde all thair terytorie they retyredde wyth theire men on foote by lande into theire countreye For the shyppes wherin they were come were gone to Missena for to ioygne with the other that shulde be there assembled for to make warre on that side In that selfe seasone bifore that the coarne was rype the Peloponesians entered a fresh into the lande Atticque vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kynge of Lacedemonyans and pyllaged yt after the accustomedde manner On the othere side the Athenyans sente foorty shippes wyth newe strength into Sycylle whereof they commytted the conducte to Eurimedon and to Sophocles wyth the other that already were there Among whom was Pythodorus and commaunded them in thair waye to geue comforte and succoure to the Corcyriens agaynste th aire bannyshed men whiche kepte them selfe in the mountaignes and warredde vpon them wythout and also agaynste lx shyppes that the Pelloponesians hadde sente agaynste theym that were in the saide cytie trustynge to take it by famyne for that that it nowe was in great skarcytye of vyctualles And also grauntedde to Demosthenes who hadde sens hys retourne frome Acarnanie tarryedde at Athens wythoute any charge and desyeredde greately to haue some to vse the saide foorty shyppes aboute Peloponese as he shulde thincke good Beynge than arryued in the countreye of Lacaonie in passynge theire iourney and vnderstandynge that the saide Pelloponesians shyppes were alreadye arryued in the goulphe of Corcyre they were of dyuers opynyons amonge themself For Eurymedon and Sophocles were determyned to go fourthwythe to Corcyre But Demosthenes saide that they shuld furste go to take Pylus and hauinge geuen order there to drawe vnto Corcyre and yet neuerthelas seinge that the other two persysted and contynewed in their opynyoÌ„ he commaunded them so to do In thys debate there came soubdaynly a tempeste of the sea that constrayned them to drawe to the sayde place of Pylus And than
shall be a good and honnourable thynge aswelle for youe as for vs yf we make nowe a good peaâ—e better than euer was in any tyme byfore rather than we shulde receyue suche oultrage of youe as by meane whereof we be constrayned to beare vnto youe perpetuelle hatrede and rancoure aswell in common as in particuler and that byfore that you lose the facultie to please vs wyth thynges that we do requier of youe Wherfore in the meane seasone whilest the yssue of the warre ys doubtfull lett vs make appoynctment Youe wyth youre greate glory and oure perpetuell beneuolences we in excheuing a small shame with an tollerable and meane losse And sens that we haue chosene to haue peace in steede of warre we shall be cause to make an ende of all the greate euylles and trauailles in all Grece Whereof they shalle geue youe the charge and the blame if youe refuse this same For vnto thys houre presente they make warre withoute knowynge who hathe bene the authoure or promotour thereof Lykewyse whan the appoynctemente shall be made whiche ys nowe for the moore parte in youre power they shall repute theymâ—elfe to be therefore bounden vnto youe If youe knowynge that it is in your facultie and power to make the Lacedemonyans who require youe thereof yoâ—re entier and perpetuall frendes woolde chose to do vnto theym curtoisie rather than rudenes And consider what goodnes may come therof for as you knowe whan this same bene accordedde by youe all Grece that is inferiour to youe and to vs shall approue and ratefie yt Thus spake the Lacedemonyans thinkinge that the Athenyans had bene before desirous of peace if they myght haue obteigned it of them And by thys meane that they shulde be all aised to haue yt by delyueryng the people that were in the Islande in their power But the Athenyans perswadinge theymselfe that by receyuing of the sayd people assieged they myght alwayes haue a better appoinctment wyth the sayde Lacedemonyans they wold haue greater parties of them chiefly through perswation of Cleon sonne of Cleenetus who had at that tyme greate authorytie among the people and a great grace to speake By whose opynyon it was answered to the sayd Ambassadours that furst bifore all things they that were in the Islande muste render themself wyth their armure shuld be brought prysonners vnto Athens And that done whan the Lacedemonyans had rendred vnto the Athenyans Nyse Pege Trezene and the countreye of Achaie whiche they had not loste by warre but by the former appoinctment that they had made wyth the sayd Lacedemonyans whan they were very lowe had bene constraynedde to leaue and forsake them the saide prysonners might be restored and some reasonable appointment made to the contentacyon of both parties The Lacedemonyans sayd nothinge against this answere but they wylled certayne notable parsons to be deputed wyth whome they mighte debate vpon the hole matter And afterwardes therin to be done so as shulde be aduysed by them to be reasonable Wherunto Cleon did holy replye sayinge that he knewe well that they had not had nother than nor bifore any good quarell sitheÌ„s that they mystrusted to debate bifore all the people but wolde speake therof in small compaignie wherfore he was of opynyon that if they hadde any thinge to speke whyche they iudgedde to be reasonable they oughte to speake it bifore all men whiche the sayd Ambassadours wolde not do For they did knowe well that it was not liefull nor conuenyente for them for to speake bifore all the people And also for thatâ— that in so doinge if hauinge regarde to theire necâ—ssitie and to the daunger wherin their people were they woulde haâ—e consentedde to any thinge disaduantagious vnto them they parceyued well that comminge to the knowlaige of their allyes it shulde engender greate displeasure vnto them wherfore knowynge that they coulde not obteigne of the sayd Athenyans any reasonable thynge they departed from Athens wythout any conclusion After their departure the treuese were incontyneÌ„tly expyred that were made at Pylus By reason wherof the Lacedemonyans demaunded that the Athenyans shulde render to them the shippes that they had delyuered by the treatie of the treuese according to that whyche therby was appoyncted But the said Athenyans refused that to do sayinge that the sayd Lacedemonyans had done agaynste the sayde treatie forsomuche as they had made assaultes vpon the garnysons of the sayd Athenians And charged theym wyth some thynges where there was no apparance of raysonne but all theire foundation and grounde was for that that in the sayde treatie it was concluded that if one of the partyes dyd fayle or do againste anny thinge therin howe lytle soeuer yt was that they shulde not helpe themself with the sayd treatie And whatsoeuer declaration or doleaunce that the sayd Lacedemonyans coulde make for to shewe that it was agaynst all reasone and against the fayth whych they had promysed yet they coulde obteigne none other thing And so they prepared theÌ„self to warre on both sydes And made all their streÌ„gthe for the feate and affaire of Pylus In whyche place the Athenyans kepte twoo galleys for ordenary watche aboute the Islande both day and nyghte compassinge it aboute at all tymes whan the wynde was not vehement and highe for than they kepte themself on the shoore of the sea And also there was sente afresh to theiâ— succours and strength twenty other galleys so that they were in all .lxx. On the other side the Peloponesians had their campe in the firme lande and assailled oftentymes the walles of the towne and also espyed and wayted contynually if they might haue any meane to saue their people that were in the Islande Of thinges that were done after that tyme in Sycile aswell by the Athenynyans and theyr allyes as by them of the contrary parte ☞ The .iii. Chapter AFter the tyme that the thinges were so done at Pylus as we haue wryttonne the Syracusains and theire allyes in Sycille hauinge afreshe strengthened their armye by sea wyth shippes which they had made all newe and also wyth those that the Messenyans hadde sente them made them warre from the same place of Mysena agaynst the Regians at the sollicitinge and pursute of the Locryans who for the ennymytie that they had agaynste them were nowe entred into their couÌ„trey wyth all their puissance by lande And it semed to the sayd Syracusains that it was expedyente to assaye and proue the fortune of the battaylle by sea for that that the Athenyans hadde not at that tyme any greate nomber of shippes in Sycille But it was to bileue that after that they vnderstode that those Syracusains did enforce theÌ„selfe agayne to subdue all the Islande they woulde sende thider a greater nomber wherfore they thought that if they had the victorie by sea as they hoped they myght easely gette the towne of Rhege afore that the succours of the Athenyans shulde be comme assailinge it
.xx. dayes that the Ambassadours went to Athens for the appoictmeÌ„t The rest of the time they liued with that that was brought them secretly And so there was founde in their campe wheate othere victuailes which they had yet in stoare For Epitadas departed them so as was requisitt for the necessitie In this manner departed the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans froÌ„ Pylus and euery one weÌ„te to his houseâ— And the promes that CleoÌ„ had made that to AtheniaÌ„s at his departure though it were folish glorious was parfourmed accomplished For he broughte the ennemyes prisonners to Athens within the space of twenty dayes lyke as he had promysed whiche was the furste thynge that happened in that warre agaynst the opinyoÌ„ of all the Grekes For they neuer thought that the LacedemonyaÌ„s nother for famyne nor for other necessitie that they might haue wolde haue rendred their armure But rather than they wold do that to fyghte vntill the death And if those that yelded themself hadde bene lyke vnto them that hadde bene slayne they hadde not bene so rendredde whereby it thereupon chauncedde after that they were brought to Athens that one amonge them beinge asked by an Athenyan in manner of derysion and mockage if those that were slayne of theire compaignie were people of estymacyon he aunsweredde hym in thys manner That the distaff was muche to be made of if it knewe men of honestie wylling by the distaff to signefie the arowe and shott And to say that those that were dead of their coÌ„paignions were slayne by strokes of shot so as they came at aduenture wherefore it coulde not be iudged if they dyed villaynously or no. Being than the sayd prisoners brought to Athens it was ordeyned that they shuld be kepte in good prysons vntill that some appoinctement were takene wyth the Peloponesians And if in the meane seasone they came to ouerronne their lande that they shulde be all slayne To the reste the Athenyans did leaue their garnysone at Pylus And moreouer the Messenyens sente thider from Naupacte some of their people suche as they thought moste conuenient and mete for to be in that same place For that that whaÌ„ Messena was in his entier that same place was of his terrytorye And they that kept it were robbars and theues and wente pillinge and robbing the countrey of Laconie and did there many other mischeues somuche more easie for that they did speake one self language Of thys warre the Lacedemonyans were astonied for that they they were not accustomed to make it of like sorte And also of this that their skâ—aues rendred themself to the ennemys So they sente secretely Ambassadours to the Athenyans for to vnderstande and knowe if â—hey might recouer Pylus and their prysonners But the Athenyans who desired and affected greater thinges after mamy goynges and commynges sente them agayne wythout doynge any thynge This ende hadde the affayres at Pylus ¶ Of a victorie that the Athenyans hadde agaynste the Corynthians in their lande ☞ The .v. Chapter INcontynetly after that victorye that same sommer the Athenyans wente agaynst the countrey of Corynthyans wyth foore skoore galleis caryinge a thousand fotemen all Athenians And in the other plat ships they caryed two houndred warryours beinge hoorsemen And besydes this they had in their compaignie the succours of Milesyans of Andryens and of Caristians Of the whyche armye Nycias sonne of Nyceratus wyth two other compaignyons was capytain So they kept along the lande betwene Cherronese and Rhite And parceued themself at dawning of the day to be foranempste one small mountaigne named Soligius Whyche hauynge in tymes paste bene fortefyed by the Doryens made there from warre againste the Eolyans that were wythin the cytie of Corinthe And there is at this presente daye a Castelle that hath the selfe name of the mounteigne whiche is distant frome the sea syde wherby the galleys did passe aboute twelue stades from the cytie of Corinthe aboutes thre skore and from the distraict twenty To whyche distreate the Corynthians that were aduertised of the comminge of the Athenyans were all gone resarued those that inhabited wythout the sayd destroycte on the coste of the fyrme lande Wherof sixe houndredde were gone into Ambracya and into Leucade for to defende them The other were al gatheredde togiders to deskrie in what quarter the Athenyans wolde lande But those same Athenyans being in the night passed by wythout parceyuinge and vnderstandinge by the signes that they whyche were in the watche did make that they were landed on the other syde of Soligius they parted themself into two bendes wherof they didde leaue the one in Centhrea for to succour Crommyon if the said Athenyans dyd come to assaile yt and the other halfe wente to the succours of the otherâ— vpon the coste where the saide Athenyans were landed Nowe had the Corinthians made twoo Capitaynes of that warre Whereof they did name the one Battus who was gone wyth one bende for to enter into the castell whiche was not stronge of walles for to defende yt and thother named Lycophron went agaynst the Athenyans that were landed And marched at the arryuall agaynst the right poynct and wyng of the Athenyans with whome were the Caristiens in the laste bende and so he assayled them lyuely and the battaile was veary sharpe euen hand for hand But fynally the Corinthians were repulsed vnto the mountaigne where there was plentie of heapes of stones of the walles beaten downe Frome which place hauynge the aduauntage they repulsed thennemyes wyth greate strokes of stones And after that the sayd ennemyes had retyred and recouered theire brethe they caused their trompetts to sounde and descended afresh agaynst them And so byganne agayne the battaille hand to hande more sharpe than the furst But they being in the most heate therof came to the succours of the sayd Corinthians one compaignie of their people By whose helpe they repoulsed the Athenyans vntyll the sea where the Athenyans afreshe ioygned themselfe togiders and repoulsed the Corinthians In the meane tyme the rest of the people dyd combateâ— and fyght incessantly wythoute restynge th one agaynste the other to wytt the ryght wyng of the Corinthians wherin was lycophron agaynst the left poyncte of the Athenyans fearynge that yt wooldeâ— go to assayll the castell of Soligius Thus the battaill longe endured wyth owt knowlaige had who had the betâ—er But fynally through the horsmen whych came to the help of the AthenyaÌ„s the Corinthians were repoulsed and retired to the mountaigne And there not being purâ—uedâ— tâ—ey vnarmed them selfe for to reste and refreshe them In this retreict many of the Corynthians were slayne and amonge them Lycophron The otheâ—e beynge retyredde to the heighâ—e of the mountaigne didde fortefye theymsâ—lfe wych the place Also the ennemyes dydde not followe them but gaue themselfe to spoyle the deadeâ— and afterwardes they raysed vp their trophee in signe of victorie Of all thys battaile the Corinthians
of Anactorye whyche was sytuated at the entrye of the goulphe of Ambracie belonging to the Corinthyans whyche the sayde Acarnanyans dyd afterwardes kepe and chased fromthence al the Corinthiens and thys endurynge the sommer ended At begynning of wynter Arestides sonne of Archippus one of the Captayns by sea of the Athenyans who was sente to their allyes for to recouer of theÌ„ ayde of monney wherat they were taâ—ed encountred vpon the sea nyghe vnto Eione whyche is in the quarter of Strymone a galley wherin was a Persian that the kyng Artaxerxes had sente in Ambassade towardes the Lacedemonyans namedde Artapharnes And so he dyd take hym togyders wyth the letters that he caryed from the said kinge addressed to the Lacedemonyans and caryed him to Athens And the said letters were than translated out of the languaige Persian into Greke whiche amonge many other thinges conteigned that the kynge maruailled greately of the sayd Lacedemonyans and knewe not what they mente For they hadde sente many messengers wherof the the one had neuer spokene as the other wherefore if they wolde speake playnly and clerely they shulde sende some wyth the sayde Artaphernes that shuld do hym to vnderstande their mynde and wyll Certain dayes after the sayde Athenyans sente the same Artaphernes to Ephese with their Ambassadours which they sent towardes the saide Artaxerxes Bâ—t being there they hadde newes of the deathe of the sayed Artaxerxes and so they retourned him to Athens In that selfe wynter they of Chio were constraigned by the Athenians to beate downe a walle which they had newely made aboute the towne For suspicion that the Athenians had that they ymagined some reuolte rebellioÌ„ Although that the said ChyaÌ„s were thereof sufficiently dilcharged offred to geue such suertie as they might in nothyng to doe agaynst the sayd Athenians And in thies counterchauses the wynter passed whiche was the seâ—enth yeare of the warre that the Chucidides hath writtone In beginning of the somer ensuyng there was an eclips of the sonne in the same moueth chaunced in Grece a great Earthquake And the outlawes of Mytilene and of the Islande of Lesbos hauyng togiders a greate noÌ„ber of people of the mayne lande whereunto they were retyred also of Peloponese dyd take the citie of Rhetoe anone after without doying there any domage did restore it receyuyng two thousande Phocians stoters And from thence they weâ—te to the Citie of Antandros whiche they did take by treasone of some that were in it And their intent was to sette agayne at lybertie the other cities that be called Actees whiche were sometyme fouÌ„ded by the Mytylenians and was then ruled gouerned by the Athenians but pryncipally they would kepe the citie of Antandros for that it was propice for them to make shyps bycause of the woode and other matter that was founde there and also in the Islande of Ida whiche was there nigh vnto it And moreouer froÌ„ that same warre might be easely made against the Islande of Leâ—bos which was also nigh and lykewyse Pillage and gette the villages of Eoliens that were in the mayne lande this was there entent In that same soÌ„mer the Athenians did sende .lx. shyppes and in them two thousande fotemen certaine nomber of horsemen aud a nombre of Mylesiens and of some other theyr allyes vnder the conducte of Nycias sonne of Niceratus Nicostratus sonne of Diotraphus and of Antocles sonne of Tolmeus for to make warre agaynst those of Cythere whiche is an Islande situated foraâ—â—â—pste the country of Laconie on the cost of Malea and was inhabyted with lacedemonians who euery yeare sent thider thofficers of the citie of Sparte togiders with a garnisone for the kepyng of it For they sorowed greatly for it for that that it was there retraicre and their estaple for their shyppes that came out of Lybia and oute of Egypte and also empesched that no robberies were done in the countrey of Laconie by sea on the coste where it was in moste daunger For that that it laye opene and was subiecte to the sea of Sycille and to that same of Crete Being than the Atheniens aryued at the sayd Islande with tenne shyppes and two thousande Millesians they toke at the ariuall one citie of the sayd Islande whiche was on the sea syde named Scandea and the rest of the armie went through the IslaÌ„de agaynst the quarter wherein was the citie of Malea And first they came to the maistres towne whiche is nigh the sea named Cythere where they founde the Cythereans who attended for them all in armure without the towne So they assayled them after that they had defended themselfe a very small tyme they coÌ„straigned them to retire into the vpper parte of the towne and sone after they yelded themselfe vnto Nycias and to the other Capitaines Athenians their lyues saued already before that they yelded themselfe some among them had parlemented and spoken with Nicias for to aduise what thyng should be done to the ende that thappoynctment should be made more suerly and the more readely And in effect the AtheniaÌ„s transported all the Cythereans into other places aswell for that they were Lacedemonyans as also for that that the same their Islande is dyrectely opposytt and foranempst the countrey of Laconia Hauyng than the Athenyans takenne Scandea whyche ys in the poort of the sea and â—urnyshedde Cythere wyth theire people they wente into Asina into Helos and othere places by the sea syde where they landedde and dydde greate dammages for the space of seuene dayes that they dydde tarrye there The Lacedemonyans seynge that the Athenyans did kepe Cythere and fearynge leste men shulde come to assaylle theyme they were nott of opynyon to sende into annye parte a mayne armye for to fyghte agaynste the ennemyes but to departe theire people into dyuers places so as they thoughte to be necessarye for to defende them and also into some of theym for feare that they shulde nott reuolte and rebelle consyderynge the losse that they hadde made of theire people in the Islande nexte vnto Pylus and also of the towne of Pylus and of the cytie of Cythere and the warre whyche was mouedde agaynste theym to be contrary to theâ—re opynyon and vnprouidedde for By reasone whereof they huyredde and souldedde three houndred men at armes and certayne nombre of Archers whyche thinge they were nott accustomedde to doo And yet neuertheles if euer in any other tyme they were slacke and slowe to make warre yett were they at that tyme more slouthefull resaruedde the preparation for the armye by sea which they hadde though that they hadde to doo agaynst the Athenyans who reputedde nothing to be difficille and harde for them to ouercomme but that thynge whyche they woulde not enterpryse And besydes that they were strykene wyth greate feare by many thynges that my shappenedde vnto theym agaynste all reasone wherby
assailled had required succours of the Peloponesians principally those of Chalcide forsomuche as they feared that the Athenians would come first vpon them And also for that they did vnderstande that the other cities their neighbours that were not rebelled did coniure conspire already againste them for to ouercome them And as touchinge Perdiccas albeit that he was not their ennemye declared yet he feared the ennemyties that he had had with them in tymes passed for that cause demanded ayde of the Lacedemonians against theÌ„ And also against the king of Lyncesters whome he had determyned wholy to subdue An other occasion there was for the which that armye came out of the countrey of Peloponese Whiche was that the Lacedemonians parceiuing the euyl chances that were happened to them and that the Athenians had done many enterprises in their countrey they thought that there was nothyng more expediente to diuerte and tourne them than to make some alarme to their allyes And somuche the more that there were people that furnished to the charges of the army and of other that attended but their coming for to rebelle against the AtheniaÌ„s And also it moued theÌ„ muche the losse that they had at Pylus For they feared lest the Esklaues would make somme mutyne or sedicion Wherefore they were welle eased to sende them fourth vnder this coloure For through the feare that those Lacedemonians had to wytt those that had conducted and had charge of the affaries aswell of the yonge as of the comon people and aboue all of the esklaues on whome they layde most watche they had in times pastâ— caused a cry to be made that those that had done most vailliantly shulde stande aparte geuing them hope to enfranchise and sett them at lybertie But it was to vnderstande their courage Whereby being chosen out of al them to the nomber of two thousande and those brought with procession crowned with flowers vnto the temples so as the custome was of theÌ„ to whome lybertie was geuen sone after they were lost and no man knewe where they were become Of whome also they for the selfe feare dyd than delyuer to Brasidas the nomber of two thousande And the other he hadde caryed out of the countrey of Peloponese for soulde and wages For he desyred greatly to haue that charge for which cause the Lacedemonians dyd sende hym and also the Chalcides desired hym greatly for that that amonges all them of Sparte he was reputed to be a diligence and industrious parsone Also he obteigned a great bruyte by that charge For he shewed himselâ— so honest a man and so good a iusticer and pollitique in all thinges that manye townes and cyties by reason thereof came to render themself to hym And some he toke by diligence and treason whereby that chaunced to the Lacedemonians that they hoped of to wytt that they recouered many of their landes and caused some of those of the Athenians thereby to reuolte and rebelle And for a certayne tyme dyd putt and absente the warre out of their quarter of Peloponese And afterwardes in the warre that was bitwene the Athenians the PeloponesiaÌ„s in Sicille his vertue was so knowen estemed aswell by experience as by relacioÌ„ of other that by that reason many of those that toke the partie of the AtheniaÌ„s desired to take that same of the Peloponesians For seing the vertue goodnes that was in hym they persumed iudged that the other Lacedemonians shuld be all lyke And for to come againe to the purpose whereof we speake after that the Athenians vnderstode the comyng of that same Brasidas into Pelâ—ponese they declared Perdiccas for their ennemy For somuche as it semed vnto them that he had bene cause of his comyng And they were more diligente to watche the people of that same quarter than they had bene bifore Perdiccas than hauyug the succors of the Peloponesians with Brasidas brought them with his army against Archibeus sonne of Bromerus king of Lyncesters Macedoniane who was his neyghboure and his greate enemye Wyllyng to chase and vtterlye destroye hym But whan he was at the entryng of his câ—untrey Brasidas sayed to hym That bifore that he beganne the warre agaynste the sayd Archibeus he woulde firste speake with hym For to knowe if by woordes and declaracions he myght bryng hym to the deuocion and amytie of the Lacedemonians For the same Archibeus hadde caused to be signefyed by sounde of trompette that for the differences that were bitwene hym and Perdiccas he woulde be and stande to the iudgemente and saying of Brasidas Also the Chalcydes that desired to bryng the sayd Brasidas to their affaire shewed and perswaded hym that he shoulde not busye hymself with a longe and difficille warre at the appetite and desyre of Perdiccas Consideryng specially that those men that Perdiccas had sent to Lacedemonie for to haue succous had proponed declared that he would cause that many of his neyghbours should be reduced to the amitie of the sayd Lacedemonians And therefore with good cause prayed him that he would be content to appoinet the same differeÌ„ce for the publique weale of the Peloponesians and of hymself Whereunto Perdiccas woulde not consente saying that he hadde not called Brasidas for to be iudge of his questions but for to ayde him to discounfyte his ennemyes suche as he shuld declare and that the same Brasidas dydde hym great wronge to beare Archibeus agaynst hym Considered that he susteigned half charges of all that armye This notwithstaÌ„ding Brasidas against his wille came to parlement with Archibeus Whome he perswaded so by woordes and declaracions that he retourned with his armye By reasone whereof Perdiccas fromthence forwarde in stede that he payd the moytie of the charges of that same armye payd no more but the thirde parte perswadyng hymself that Brasidas had done hym wronge thereof Howe the Athenians at the persuatioÌ„ of Brasidas lefte the partie of the Athenians And did take the same of the Peloponesians The .xi. Chapter SOone after that a lytle bifore the vintage that selfe somer Brasidas hauing the Chalcydes with him came to make warre against the cytie of Acanthe which was a colonie of the Andrians And the citizens were in great controuersie whider they shuld receyue him into the cytie or not To wirt those that toke parte with the Chalcides on the one syde and the comon people on the other partie But bicause of this that the fruytes were yet in the feldes the comon people vpon the perswation was content that he shulde enter into the towne alone speake what he would And afterwardes they would determyne what they had to do Who being entred and come to the assemblie of the people he spake veray sagely as he welle coulde do For that that he was a Lacedemonian and sayd vnto them in this manner The oracion of Brasidas to the Acanthyans THis that I haue been here sent with this armye by the Lacedemonians
was voyde and hollowe all alonge Afterwardes they fastened yt wyth yrone at bothe endes And also alengthe very artyfyciallye aftere manner of a pipe and to one of the endes they fastened wyth chaynes of yronne a greate cawdrone of brasse whyche hanged from the sayd piece of tymber downewardes by the sayd chaynes And at the ende of the beame there was a hollowe pype of yronne whyche tourned and crooked downewarde agaynste the cawldrone for to caste ryghte into the cauldrone the wynde that came alonge oute of the ingyne the whyche beinge so acheuedde and made as ys aboue sayd they caused it to be drawin and caryed wyth greate charettes vnto the walle whiche the Athenyans had made on that syde where the mooste parte was of woode And in raysinge yt vp they dyd sett the ende wheron the cauldrone was vnto the syde of the sayd wall full of cooles brymstone and pytche And to the other ende whyche was on their syde they applyed greate bellowes by blowynge whereof they caused incontynently through the wynde whyche passed alongâ—ste through the Engyne into the caudrone that all the matter that was wythin did lighten and caste a greate flame wherwyth the wall was anone fyred and burned By occasion wherof they that deâ—ended themselfe were constraynedde to forsake it And by thys meane the Beotians dyd wynne it And of those that were wyâ—hin there were taken twoo houndred prysonners Of the other one parte was slam and the other saued themselfe in the shyppes that were in the hauone of the sea Thus the temple of Delos was recoueredde .xvii dayes after the battaille And soone after retourned the heraulte of the Athenyans which dyd knowe nothing of the sayd takinge or recouerey for to demaunde agayn the dead men To who the Beotyans dyd render and delyuer them wythout speakynge vnto hym anny more of that that they had declared at the othere tyme. And there was founde aswell of those that were slayne in the battaille as at the takynge of Delos on the partâ—e of the Beotians nyghe to fyue houndredde and on the othere partie of the Athenyans about a thousande And amongest other Hippocrates one of their dukes besydes the foremâ—n light armed and the victuaâ—liers whyche were a greate nomber On the other syde Demosthenes who was gone to Siphas by sea seynge that hys enterpryse hadde faylled hym he issued fourth of hys shipps wyth four houndred men aswell of the Agryans and Acarnanyans whyche he hadde ledde awaye as of the Athenyans into the lande of Sycionians But bifore the reste were landed for to followe and to pursue those there the Sycionyens who yssued fourth for to defende their lande came to assayle them and repoulsed and dyd chase them backe euen into their shippes and so dyd slaye one parte of them and many of them were takene prysonners ¶ Howe Brasidas duke of the Lacedemonyans dyd take the Cytie of Amphipolis soubdaynly and some other in the countrey of Thrace by treatye aud apoynctemente ☞ The .xiii. Chapter IN that same tyme whan the thinges were done at Delos wherof we haue spokene Sytalces kynge of Odrysyans dyed in battaill against the Tryballes wyth whome he began to warre And Seuthes sonne of Spardocus hys brother succeded hym aswell in the realme of Odrysians as in other landes and seigniories whyche he helde in the countreye of Thrace And in that same wynter Brasidas wyth the allyes of the Lacedemonyans in that sayd countrey moued warre against the cytie of Amphipolis whiche was situated vpon the ryuer of Strymone For that that it was a Colonie of the Athenyans And bifore that they had peopled wyth their nation the place where the cytie presenâ—ly standeth Aristagoras Milesius flyinge the persecutioÌ„ of the kinge Dariusâ— had furste inhabyted yt but he was chased fromthence by the Edonyans And than the Athenyans .xxxii. yeres after sent thyder teÌ„ne thousand meÌ„ aswel of their people as of other assembled froÌ„ all quarters whych were all destroyde by the Thracians nyghe vnto Dranesque Notwythstanding .xxix yeares after those same Athenians sente thider agayne of their people vnder the conducte of Agnon sonne of Nycias who chased the Edonyans fromthence and founded the cytie suche as yt presently is whyche was bifore named the newe wayes And whan the sayd Agnon came thyder to make it he departed frome a towne whiche the Athenyans had in the mouthe of the ryuer named Eionus wherein they made theire estaple and called it Amphipolis by cause that it was enuyronned on both sydes wyth the ryuer of Strymone and so enclosed it wyth a wall that wente from one arme of the ryuer vnto the other And builded it in a place of a conuenyent heyght so that it was fayre to se aswelle towarde the sea as to the lande Brasidas than beinge at Arnes whyche is a towne in the terrytorye of the Agryans departed fromthence wyth hys army and arryued aboute goynge downe of the sonne in Aulone and in Bromisque on that syde where the lake of Bolbus voydeth itselfe into the sea And after that he had supped he toke hys iourney in the nyght whyche was very darke and also it did snowe and was veray foule whether so that he aryued bifore the cytie wythout beinge parceued by them that were wythin Resarued some wyth whom he had intelligence whiche were partly of the Argylians that be in the countrey of Andrie were come thider for to inhabitt and partly of other whyche had be practised and wonne aswell by Pardiccas as by the Chalcides But pryncipally the Brasides whyche was adioygninge vnto them were of that intelligence and confederacy and had bene alwayes ennemys of the Athenyans and espyed and layd in wayte to take pryuely the sayd cytie Those same than that were inhabitedde there as afore ys sayde hauinge concluded the treasone wyth Brasydas by consente of them whiche than had the gouernance of the cytie dyd suffre him to come in And the same night they rebellinge froÌ„ the Athenyans came to lodge wyth the army of Brasidas nighe the bridge that was on the ryuer distant a verye small space frome the cytie whych was not thaÌ„ closed wyth walles as it presently ys And though that there was a nomber of people that kepte the brydge yet aswell by cause of the nyghte as of the foule wether and also of the soubdayne arryuall he repoulsed them easely and wonne the brydge and dyd take all the cytezeins that dwelled wythoute the cytie in the suburbs except some small nomber whyche saued themselfe in the towne wherof they that were wythin were greatly afrayed and chiefly for that that they greatly doubted amonge theÌ„self the one the other And the sayinge ys that if Brasidas had aswell approued to take the cytie as he suffred hys people to pillage the suburbs he had than takene yt But in the meane tyme that hys people did geue themselfe to pillaige those
those that were wyth Ramphias passedde furthere vnto the mounte Pierie whiche is in Thessale But they of the countrey denyed them their passage By occasion wherof also hauynge vnderstande the death of Brasidas to whom that bend shulde haue bene brought they retourned home For they also thought that yt was no tyme to renewe the warre consideryng that the Athenyans were retourned and that they were not people for to parfaicte and acheue the enterpryses of Brasidas And on the othere syde they dyd know that at their departure from Sparta the Lacedemonyans were more enclynedde to peace than vnto warre And in effecte after the conflycte at Amphipolis and the retourne of Ramphias frome Thessale there was no exploicte of warre bitwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans for both parties desired rather peace than warre To wytt the Athenyans by cause of the losse that they had had at Delos furst and sone after at Amphipolis By reasone wherof they estemed not their force somuch as they did at the begynnyng whan it was spoken of the appoynctment whych they refused for that that they trusted tomuche in their prosperytie and also greatelye feared leste their allyes seynge their case and chance to declyne and decaye shuld reuolte and rebelle and therfore repented theÌ„self hartely that they dyd not make peace fourthwyth after the victorye that they had at Pylus On the othere syde the Lacedemonyans desyred yt forsomuch as it chauÌ„ced otherwyse in the warre than fro the begynninge they thought yt wolde haue done For they dyd thinke that wastynge the terrytorye of the Athenyans in short tyme they shulde haue destroyed them and brought them vnder And also for the greate losse whyche they hadde made at Pylus whyche was the greateste that they of Sparte had euer had And somuche the more for that that the ennemyes that were wythin Pylus and wythin Chitera ceased not to ouerronne and pillage their countrey there nexte adioygninge And besydes that their sklaues oftentymes rendredde themself to the sayd ennemyes and also were contynuelly in feare leste the other wolde do the lyke by encouraigemente of those that were gone fro them There was also an other reasone that is that the trefues whyche the sayde Lacedemonyans had made for thirty yeares wyth the Argyues shulde shortely expyre the whyche they were not mynded to contynue excepte the sayd Argyues wolde render to them the lande of Cynuria And also they parceyued theymselfe not to be puissant inoughe for to make warre both agaynste the Athenyans and againste them and somuche the moore for that they fearedde leste some of the cyties that dyd take their partie in the countrey of Peloponese wold tourne from their side lyke as afterwardes it happened For thies respectes and reasons both the one the other partie desyred to haue peace And chiefly the Lacedemonyans for to recouer the prysonners whyche were taken in the Islande who had ben the cause wherfore euen from the begynnynge that they were taken the said Lacedemonyans procured and laboured the peace But the Athenyans beynge pufte vp sett in pryde wyth their prosperytie wolde in no wyse heare thereof hopynge to do greater thynges afore the warre shulde be ended But after that they were ouerthrowin at Delos the Lacedemonyans thynkynge that at the selfe houre they wold haue bene more tractable accorded the trefues of one yeare mindding duringe that same to intreate the peace orelles a longer trefues And aftere that happenedde the ouerethrowe of Amphipolis whyche helpedde welle to the peace And somuche moore that Brasidas and Cleon were therein slayneâ— who were the pryncipall and chiefe that empeschedde the peace on boeth sydes To wytte Brasidas for that that he hadde goode fortune in warre whereby he hopedde the encrease of honnoure And Cleone for that that he thoughte that hys faultes and offences shulde bee moore manyfeste in tyme of peace than in tyme of warre and thatt men woolde nott geue somuche faythe vnto hys inuentions and euylle opynyons if yt were peace Whereupon thoose twoo beyng faylledde remaynedde the twoo pryncypall men of twoo Cyties whereof aythere of theyme greatelye desyredde peace hopynge by meane thereof for to obteigne the pryncipalytie in the sayde Cyties To wytte Plistoanax sonne of Pausanias kynge of Lacedemonye and Nycias sonne of Niceratus Athenian whyche was the beste Capytayne that they for that tyme hadde for the warre and the same that hadde done the beste feates wherefore he thoughte yt beste for to make peace in thys meane tyme that the Athenyans were in good prosperytie to the intente that he hadde noo cause of lose by annye inconuenience hys good fortune and also that he hymselfe and the Cytezeins mighte be fromthence fourthe in reste and tranquillitie And that he myghte leaue his good renomme aftere hym that he neuer dydde nor counsailledde the thinge whereby the Cytie coulde fynde him euille whiche thynge mighte chaunce otherewise yf causes were commyttedde to the aduenture of warre the daungers whereof be eschuedde by the peace And as touchynge Plistoanax he desyredde yt for that that he was suspectedde frome the begynnynge of the warre that he retourned fromthence and hadde brought agayne the armye of the Peloponesyans out of the countreye and terrytorye of the Athenyans By meane whereof all the dammages that were afterwardes happenedde to the Lacedemonyans were imputedde vnto him And furthermore he was chargedde that he and Aristoteles his brother hadde entysedde a dyuyneresse that was at Delphos and pronouncedde the aunsweres of the god Apollo so that shee in the name of that god and as inspyredde by hym hadde answeredde vnto the Messengers whiche the Lacedemonyans hadde sente thider for to vnderstande and knowe the wylle and opynyon of the god touchinge the warre in this manner and substance The discente and lignage of Iupiter beinge halfe goddes shulde brynge agayne theire generatyon whyche is in an other lande into their owne orelles shulde laboure the lande wythe coultours of syluer And thys didde he forsomuche as hee was bannyshedde into Lycea for the suspytion that was hadde of hym that he had takenne monney for to retourne oute of the countreye of Athenes in whyche place of Lycea he taryedde a longe tyme. But by meane of the sayde aunswere of the god he was calledde agayne and receyued into the Cytie wythe the honnour 's that were accustomably made vnto kynges at their entrynge Nowe for to abolishe and take away thys infamy he hartely desyred peace for he thoughte that câ—ssynge the inconuenyences of the warre noo occasion shulde be hadde for to reproche nother to impute the sayde thynges vnto hym specyallye the Cytezeins hauynge recoueredde theire prysonners And that as longe as the warre enduredde the murmuratyon shoulde alwayes contynue For it was neuere otherewyse but whanne the people doo parceyue the incommodytyes and aduersytyes of warre they murmure alwayes agaynste the Prynces and Rulers So thys parlement and treatie of peace
lott or chaunce to render furste And so they sente their ambassadoures to wytte Isthagoras and Menas towardes Clearydas for to commaunde hym that he shulde render to the Athenyans the Cytie of Amphipolis whyche he dyd holde and vnto the othere cytes confederatedde for to make confirme and execute the sayed appoynctmente Whiche thynge manye of the sayed cyties refusedde to do pretendynge that it was not for their proffytt Clearidas also for to gratelie the Chalcidians reâ—usedde to render and delyuer vp the sayd cytie sayinge that he coulde not doo it without them but neuerthelas he wente fromthence with thambassadours to Lacedemonie for to excuse himself if they woulde haue charged him for that he obeyed them not and also for to essaye yf thappoynctmente mighte be refourmed or amendedde in that poyncte But vnderstandinge that it was concorded and concludedde he forthwith retourned to the sayed place of Amphipolis by the commandemente of the Lacedemonyans Who commandedde him expressely that he should redelyuer the cytie to the Athenyans or if the citizeins made any difficultie therein that he shoulde comme fromethence withall the Peloponesians that were within it As touchyng the other confederated cyties their ambassadours being comme to the Lacedemonyans they shewed them that the sayed appoynctement shoulde be prâ—iudicial vnto them and that they woulde not kepe it if certayn articles therof were not refourmed Neuerthelas after that the sayd Lacedemonyans hadde hearde them they woulde not in any poyncte change that whiche they hadde done But sente them awaye withoute other depeacche And sone after they made allyance with the Athenyans Forsomuche as the Argiues had refusedde to enter into allyance with them For they thoughte verely that withoute the Athenyans they coulde not do theym any greate hurte And that the more parte of the Peloponesians would not meddle with the warre But rather if they might they would ioigne with the Athenyans Beinge than for a certaine tyme debated and reasoned of the sayed allyance in the cytye of Sparte by thambassadours of the Lacedemonyans it was fynally concluded in the manner and fourme that followeth The fourme of the allyance THe Lacedemonyans shal be allyed with the Athenyans in such fourm-that if annye one estranger entre into the lande of the sayde Lacedemonyans for to do dammaige therin the Athenians shal ayde them wyth all theire puissance in all the sortes that they maye and if the sayde estrangers wasted their terrytorye they shulde be reputed common â—nnemyes aswell of the Athenyans as of the Lacedemonyans and they shalle togither warre against him lykewise make their appointment or attonement togiders And they shall do the foresayde thynges diligently and loyallye wythoute fraude or yll meanynge And the Lacedemonyans shall do the lyke towards the Athenyans if anny estraunger do come to assaylle them in their lande And moreouer if the bondemen or esklaues of the Lacedemonyans do comme to asâ—aile the Athenyans they shal be lykewyse bounde for to ayde them wyth their power whyche allyaunce was sworne by the selfe parsonaiges whiche had sworne the peace and they bounde themself to renewe the sayde othes yerely as the othere and to wryte them in two tables of stoane whyche shulde be sette the one in the other cytie of Sparte nyghe the temple of Apollo in the Courte that is calledde Amycleus and the othere in the Cytie of Athenes nyghe to the same oâ— Mynerna And furthermore yt was spoken that if durynge the sayde allyance yt semed good to the sayd partyes for to adde or change annye thynges in the sayde articles they myghte doo it by common accorde Thys allyance was made ryghte soone after the treatie of peace and that the Athenyans hadde rendred their prisoners that they hadde takenne in the Islande In the begynninge of the Sommer whych was the ende of the tenth sommer after the beginning of the warre ¶ Howe the peace bytwene the Athenyans and Peloponesyans was not kepte And howe the Corynthyans and some othere cyties of Peloponese made allyance wyth the Argiues againste the Lacedemonyans ☞ The .iiii. Chapter THis peace made betwene the Lacedemonyans and the Athenyans after that the warre hadde dured tenne yeares lyke as hath bene sayde was kepte onely bitwene the twoo cyties For the Corynthiens and some othere Cyties of Peloponese woolde not holde yt And soone after moued a newe mutynerye and questyon bytwene the Lacedemonyans and the other confederates And by successyon of tyme those same Lacedemonyans came into greate suspytyon of the Athenyans pryncipally by reasone of certayn articles of allyance whyche were not well executed Neuerthelas they kept them self frome entrynge the one into the lande of the othere ennemylyke the space of sixe yeares and sixe monethes hooly But afterwardes they endommaged theÌ„selfe greatly the one the other at dyuers tymes wythout breakynge vtterly the allyaunce But they enterteigned yt by treâ—ues whyche were ryghte euylle kepte the space of tenne yeares and the same expyred were constraynedde to comme to opene warre The whyche Thucydides hath wrytonne by orderlyke as it was made from yeare to yeare aswell in the wynter as in the sommer vntyll the Lacedemonyans and their allyes had subuerted and destroyed the Empyre of the Athenyansâ— and taken the longe walles of the cytie and the porte Pyreus which warre the furste and the seconde beynge comprysed endured in all .xxvii. yeares Out of the whyche terme a man canne not by reasone subtray or take oute the tyme that the treatie of peace enduredde for he that shall regarde whatte was done cannot iudge that the same yeare hadde annye effycacytie considered that it was not executed nor obserued of the one syde nor of the other in thynges that were namely spokenne of and appoynctedde And on the othere parte bothe the one partie and the other dyd transgresse therein in the warre that was made at Mantynea and in Epidaure and in manye othere thynges Also in Thrace those whyche had bene allyes were enemyes and the Beotians made trefues for tenne dayes onely wherfore he that shall truly accompte the tenne yeres that the furst warre endured and the tyme that passed by trefues and howe longe the seconde warre endured he shall fynde the reconynge of the yeares to be suche as I haue shewed and certayne dayes ouer The whyche terme was pronostycated by the aunswers and oracles of the gods For I remember to haue oftentymes harde saye of many people commonly that the same warre shuld endure three nyneths of yeares Durynge whyche tyme I lyued in good helthe of my parsone and of my vnderstandynge dydde take payne to vnderstande all that than was done although I was in exile durynge the sayde tyme the space of tenne yeares after that I hadde bene sente Capytayne of the armye by sea vnto Amphipolis And forsomuche as hauynge bene presente at the thynges as than was done on the one syde and on the othere in the tyme that I haunted the warre I had no lesse
knowlayge durynge the tyme that I was bannyshed in the countrey of Peloponesyans but I hadde better leasure to haue vnderstandynge and to wryte the trouthe thereof wherefore I woll declare the questyoâ—s and controuersyes that happened after the sayd tenne yeares and also the disturbance of the trefues and so vnto the ende alle that was done in the sayd warre After than that the peace was made for fyftie yeares and the allyance bitwene the Athenians and the Lacedemonians that the Ambassadours of the cyties of Peloponese which were come to Lacedemonie were retourned into their houses like as hath bene aboue sayde the Corynthyans practised to reallye themself with the Argiues And at the begynnynge they dyd speake wyth some of the pryncipalleste of the cytie of Argos shewyng them that insomuche as the Lacedemonyans had made allyance wyth the Athenyans their mortall ennemys not for to defende the lybertie of the Peloponesians but for to brynge them agayne into seruytude it was very expedyente that the Argyues shulde deuise theron for to defende the common lybertie and to perswade vnto all the fre cyties of Grece that wold lyue in their lybertie and occordinge to their lawes that they shulde make allyance with theÌ„ for to geue ayde the one to the other whan yt shulde be nedefull and for to chose people and capytaynes that shulde haue authorytie for to prouyde in all affayres to the entente that the enterpryses shulde be secrette and that the commons specyallye shulde not be aduertysedde of the affayres whereunto yt shulde be thoughte that they woolde not consente for there were manye of theyme sayde the sâ—yde practisans of Corynthe whyche for the hatredde that they haue agaynste the Lacedemonyans woulde reallye themselfe wyth the sayde Argiues Whiche thynges hauynge bene reaportedde by the sayde partitulers of Argos to the offycers of the cytie and by those offycers vnto the commynaltie a decree was made whereby they dydde geue vnto twelfe men whyche they didde chose of theirs full power and puissance for to contracte and conclude amytie and allyance in name of the Argyues wyth all the free cyties of Grece resarued the Athenyans and Lacedemonyans wyth whome they myghte treate nothyng excepte they furste aduertysed the commynaltie therof And thys the said Argiues dyd aswell for that that they perceyued that warre shulde be by them made w e the Lacedemonyans forsomuche as the ende of the trefues approched as also that they hoped by that meane to make themself Capitains and Prynces of Peloponese for that that the pryncypallytie and the gouernemente of the Lacedemonyans was already hated and desplaisant to the more parte of the sayd Pelopenesyans and they begaâ—â—â— to contempne and despyse theyme for the losses whyche they hadde hadde and for the dammaiges that they hadde receyued in the warre And on the other syde the Argyues were amonge alle the Grekes the rycheste for that that they had not medled wyth the warre precedinge by cause of thys that they had allyance wyth bothe parties By meane wherof duryng the sayde warre they were enryched and encreased greately By suche manner than wente the Argyues drawynge to their allyance all the other Grekes that wold allye themselfe vnto them wyth their good wylle Amonge whome the Mantynyans were the furste and their adherentes for that that they had the warre endurynge wyth the Athenyans subtrahed one partie of the countreye of Arcadie from the obeyssance and amytie of the Lacedemonyans and hadde tournedde it vnto them wherof they doubted greately leste the sayd Lacedemonyans wold haue remembrance though that for that tyme they made no semblante therof wherefore byfore that anny other inconuenyent happened vnto them they were ryght wyllynge to ioygne themself wyth the sayde Argiues considerynge that it was a greate and a puissaunte Cytie aswelle of people as of ryches suffyciente inoughe for to resiste the Lacedemonyans and alsoo was gouernedde by the estate of the commynaltye aswelle as that same of the sayde Mantynyans At whose example manye other cyties of Pelopenese dydde the lyke For they assuredly thoughte that those Mantynyans woolde not haue done yt but that they hadde vnderstoode some thynge therin more than comonly was knowin and also in despyte of the Lacedemonyans agaynste whome they were dyspleased for manye causes But pryncypallye for thys that in one artycle of the peace made bytwene the Athenyans and the sayde Peloponesyans yt was spokene and confyrmedde by othe that yt there were annye thynge whyche semed for the beste to be takenne awaye or changedde those of the two cyties to wytte of Athenes and of Lacedemonye myghte doo yt wythoute therein makynge anny mention of the other confedered Cyties of Peloponese whyche thynge dydde putt al the Peloponesyans into greate suspytion leste the sayde twoo Cyties hadde accordedde and agrede for to subdewe theym For they verelye thoughte that if they hadde estemedde theyme as theire allyes and confederates they shulde haue couched and comprehended in the sayde artycle the othere cyties of Peloponese aswelle as those twoo whyche was the pryncipall cause that inducedde them to make allyaunce wyth the Argyues The Lacedemonyans vnderstandynge that by lytle and lytle the sayde cyties dydde confederate themselfe wythe the Argyues and that the Corinthiens hadde bene promoters and causers of that same matter they sente certayne ambassadours vnto them for to shewe vnto them as to the chiefe of that coniuration and acte that if they departed from theire amytie allyance for to ioygne themself wyth the Argyues they shuld do against their othe and moreouer shulde doo agaynste reasonne for that they woold not approue the treatie of peace made wyth the Athenyans consideredde that the more parte of the confederated cyties had allowed it and that by their allyaunces it was ordaynedde that the same whyche was donne by the moore parte shulde be holden by the othere yf there were none empeschemente of the goddes or of the saynctes Upon thys declaration the Corynthyans bifore makynge answere to the sayde Ambassadours had caused all their allyes to assemble to wyt those that hadde not yet accepted the treatie of peace by comon deliberation sayed vnto the sayde Lacedemonyans that they woolde confederate theymself agaynste them and shewedde them certayne thynges wherein those Lacedemonyans hadde done theyme wronge by concludynge the sayde treatie of peace specially for thys that by the same it was not prouydedde that the Athenyans shulde restore vnto them Sellie Anactorium nor annye other places whyche they pretended to be takenne from them by the sayde Lacedemonyens And on the other parte that they were not determyned for to habandone theÌ„ of Thrace who at their desyre and perswatyon had rebelled from the Athenyans for that that they hadde promysed them particularly by theire othe not to forsake them aswell at begynninge whan they rebelled wyth those of Potydea as also at manye tymes afterwardes wherfore they reputed not themself to be infractors or brekers of the allyance
that they had made with the said LacedemonyaÌ„s though they woulde not accepte the appoynctemente made wyth the Athenyans considered that they myght not do it withoute beynge periured towardes the sayde Thracyans And by the Chapitre of their allyance it was ordeyned that the lesser partie ought to accepte that whych the greater partie shulde do excepte that yt were empesched and lette by the goddes or by saynctes whyche thynge they reputed to haue happened in thys case For by doinge contrary to their othe they shulde offende the goddes by whome they hadde sworne And thys is it whyche they aunswered concernynge thys artycle To the remanante as touchynge the allyance of the Argiues they made them aunswere that hauynge therupon consulted wyth their frendes they woulde doo that thynge that they shulde fynde to be iuste and reasonable The Ambassadours of the sayde Lacedemonyans being vpon this despeche departedde the Corynthyans caused those of the Argiues to come into their counsaille whyche were already in the Cytie bifore departure of the other and shewed them that they ought not to deferre or put of to make allyaunce wyth them but that they shulde comme agayne in the nexte counsaille for to conclude yt In thys meane tyme the Ambassadours of the Elyans arryued who furste dydde make allyance wyth the Corinthians And fromthence by their ordenance they wente to Argos where as they made the lyke for also they were dyspleased wyth the Lacedemonyans for somuche as byfore the warre with the Athenyans certayn Arcadyans makinge warre agaynst the Leprates they had recours to the Elyans and promysed theym that yf they woulde succoure them they woolde geue themself vnto them after the warre fynished and that after the sayde Arcadyans shulde be rechasedde that they woolde also geue theym the moytie or one halfe of the fruictes of their lande By occasyon wherof the said Leprates beinge delyuered from the warre the Elians conuenanted wyth them that hadde landes for to laboure that they altogithere shulde paye one talente of golde whyche shulde be offred in the temple of Iupiter in Olympus whiche trybute they payde wythoute contradictyon vntil the warre bitwene the Athenians and Peloponesians But afterwardes they refused to paye yt takynge their excuse vpon the charges whyche they dyd susteigne by meane of the warre And for that that the Elyans woolde haue thereunto constrayned them they repayred to the Lacedemonyans vnto whome the sayde Elyans were contente for to commyt the questyon But afterwardes fearynge leaste they woolde iudge agaynste them they made no further pursuyte therin bifore them but wente to ouerronne the lande of the sayde Leprates That notwythstandyng the sayd Lacedemonyans dyd pronounce their sentence whereby they dyd declare that the sayde Leprates were in nothynge bounden to the Elyans and that those Elyans wrongfully and for an euyll cause hadde ouerronne their land And the said Lacedemonyans parceyuinge that the sayde Elyans woolde not obey their iudgemente they sente their people to the succours of the sayde Leprates By occasion whereof the Elyans pretended that the Lacedemonyans had done against the treatie of allyance whyche was made bytwene those Lacedemonyans and the othere Peloponesyans by the whych yt was prouyded that the landes that â—uery of the sayde Cyties dydde holde at begynnynge of the sayde warre shulde remayne vnto ytâ— sayinge that those Lacedemonyans hadde wythdrawin frome them the sayde towne of Lepreates whych was their tributayre And vpon this occasion they made allyance wyth the sayd Argiues And soone after the Corinthians and the Chalcydes that be in Thrace dyd also make yt The Beotians Megarens were in wauerynge to do the lyke pretendynge to haue bene smallye estemed by the sayde Lacedemonyans But afterwardes they dydde take better aduysemente consyderynge that the manner of lyuynge of the Argyues which was the gouernemente of the common people was not so conuenable for them as that same of the Lacedemonyans who dydde gouerne themselfe by a nomber of people that is to say by a counsaylle whyche hadde all the authorytie ¶ How the Athenyans and Lacedemonyans entermeddledde and vsed theire traffique that same sommer lyuynge in doubte and dissimulation the one wyth the othere and of certayne feates and treaties that were made durynge the sayde sommer on bothe sydes ☞ The .v. Chapter DUrynge the sommer whereof we speake the Athenyans dyd take the cytie of Sycione and dyd slay all the men of .xiiii. yeres and vpwards and dydde delyuer theire lande to the Plateans for to laboure moreouer dydde reduce and brynge agayne to Delos the Cytezeins that were dryuene and chasedde fromthence hauynge regarde aswell to the dommaiges which they had susteigned throughe the warre as also to the oracles of the goddes The Phocyans also and the Locrians beganne to warre among them And the Corinthians and Argyues that already had made allyaunce togiders came to the cytie of Tegee hopyng for to wythdrawe it from the obeissance and allyance of the Lacedemonians And by meane thereof considered that it hadde a great terrytorie to withdrawe all Peloponese But the Corinthians parceuing that those of Tegee wolde not departe from the Lacedemonyans for anny euyll wyll that they bifore tyme had had agaynste the same Lacedemonyans they retourned very quickly for they feared that no othere woolde afterwardes render themselfe vnto them sens that those there had refused yt And yet notwythstandynge they sente vnto the Beotians for to require them to be wylling to reallie themself wyth theÌ„ and with the Argyues to the reste that they shuld gouerne themself by common accorde And moreouer for somuche as the sayde Beotians had takene a trefues of tenne dayes wyth the Athenyans soone aftere the conclusyon of the peace of fyftie yeares wherof we haue spokene here bifore they requyred them that they woolde sende an Ambassade wyth theym to the Athenyans to whome they wolde go for to compryse theym in the sayde trefues and in case they woolde not do ytt that the sayd Beotyans shuld renounce the said trefues and shulde not afterwardes make annye treatie of peace nor of trefues wythout the sayde Corynthyans whereunto the Beotiens made aunswere that as touchynge the allyaunce they woulde consulte and determyne vpon yt And as for the reste that they woolde sende of theire people wythe theyme to Athenes and woolde requyre the sayde Athenyans to be wyllynge to compryse the sayde Corinthyans in the trefues of tenne dayes But the Athenyans made aunswere that if the sayde Corinthyans were allyedde wyth the Lacedemonyans they were suffyciently allyedde wyth them and that they nededde no other thynge Parceyuynge whyche aunswere the sayde Corinthyans made instance vnto the Beotians that they shulde renouÌ„ce the trefues of tenne dayes but they woulde not for all that do it And finally the Athenyans were content to make trefues with the Corinthyans wythout anny allyance That same sommer the Lacedemonyans wyth their armye vnder conducte of Plistoanactes their kinge went agaynst the
Parrhasiens whyche be in the countrey of Arcadie subiectes of the Mantynyens called thider by certain of the cytezeins by meane of a seditioÌ„ mutynery which was amongest them also to thintente to rase downe the walles whyche those MantynieÌ„s had made in the town of Cypselle wherin they had put garnison whiche towne was in the countreye of Siritide in the terrytorie of the sayde Parrhasiens in the lande of Laconye The Lacedemonyans being than comme into the sayd lande they dyd pyllage and waste it Whiche perceyued by the Mantynians they lefte the garde of their cytie vnto the Argiues And they with their puissance went for to succour their subiectes but seyng that they coulde not defende them bothe they retourned fromethence And by that meanes the Lacedemonians restored the Parrhasiens into lybertie and rased downe the sayd walles afterwardes they retournedde fromethence into their houses And they beynge retournedde the men at armes arryued whiche were gone with Brasidas into the countrey of Thrace whome Clearidas broughte agayne by sea after the peace made And it was by decree publisshed and declared that all the esklaues whiche hadde bene in that same warre with the sayd Clearydas shoulde be franke free and might go to dwelle where they woulde Whome he sone after did sende with certayne other for to inhabitt in the towne of Leprea in the territorye of Eliens in the countrey of Lacedonia beynge alreadye in warre wyth those same Elyens On the one parte the said Lacedemonians did desgraduate and declaire those to be deffamed and dishonered that were takene by the Athenyans in the Islande for that they rendred themself wyth their army vnto the ennemyes Amongest whome there were some that hadde bene chosene into offices of the towne And they dyd this fearyng leste that they for doubt that they hadde to be reputed to haue bene faynte harted shoulde not enterpryse to make change or mutacâ—on in the towne if they came to auctorytie And so they pronounced theym to be vnhable for to obteigne any office for to vse marchandise and for to demande annye thyng in iudgement And yet neuerthelas shortly afterwardes were auctorised and habled agayne vnto it In the same somer the Dyctidiens dyd take the cytie of Thyson which is in the countrey of Athos being confederated with the Atheans Durynge all the same somer the Athenyanes and the Peloponesians vsed and traffiqued merchandises togiders although they suspected the one the oother Chifely the Athenians and the Lacedemonyans frome begynnyng of the peace forasmuche as they had not rendred nothere on the one syde nor of the other that whiche was accorded and agrede vpon For the Lacedemonyans who shulde first haue restored had not rendred Amphipolis nor the other places nother also had constrayned their allyes in the countrey of Thrace for to accept the sayd tratie of peace nother lykewyse the Beotians and the Corinthians though that they sayd continuallye that if the sayd confederates woulde not accepte the treatie they woulde ioigne themself with the sayd Athenyans for to constrayne them thereunto and thereupon had assigned and prefixed a daye But there was no mention thereof in wrytyng that those that would not ratefie and accept the sayd treatie should be reputed ennemyes bothe of the sayd Athenians Lacedemonyans But the AthenyaÌ„s parceiuing that the sayd Lacedemonyans did parfourme nothynge of that whiche they had promysed in effecte they had no good opinion that they woulde kepe the peace And for this cause they likewise delayde to render Pilus vnto them and also repented that they had delyueredde the prysoners that they had takene in the Islande And so reteigned lykewyse the other townes whiche they shulde haue rendred by the sayd treatie vntill the tyme that the Lacedemonyans had accomplished on their partie Whiche Lacedemonyans did excuse themself saying that they had done all that they coulde For they had rendred the prysoners whiche they had and also hadde withdrawin al their men of warre whiche were in Thrace and for effecte obsaruedde all that was in their power but as for to restore Amphipolis that the same was not in their puissaÌ„ce And to the surplusage promysedde that they woulde parforce theymself to cause that the Beotians and Corinthians should enter into the treatie that Panacte should be rendred to the sayd Athenyans And lykewyse all the Athenyans that were prysoners in the countrey of Beoce required the same Athenyans that they would be willyng to reÌ„der the citie of Pylus or at the least if they would not reÌ„der it that they shoulde withdrawe the Messenyans the esklaues whiche they had put within it lyke as the same Lacedemonyans had withdrawin their men of warre whiche were in Thrace and that they shoulde kepe the place with their oune people if they woulde In this manner durynge the same somer passed all their affaires to witte chiefly by dissymulacion and neuerthelas dydde lyue without warre communicatyng or entremedlyng the one with the other Howe the Lacedemonians hauinge againste the forme of the treatie agrede vpon with the Athenyans made allyance with the Beotians wtout the same Athenians they the sayd Athenians made the lyke with the Argiues the Mantynyans and the Eolians ☞ The .vi. Chapter THe wynter followinge the Gouernours of the cytie of Sparte named Ephores beynge changed vnder whome the peace was concludedde and newe being choseÌ„ in their stede which were against the same there was an assemblie made in Lacedemony whereat were the ambassadours of the confederate cyties of Peloponese those of the Athenians those of the Corinthians and those of the Beotians in the whiche manye thynges were debatedde but fynallye they departedde without any resolution Neuerthelas euery man beinge retournedde to his house Cleobolus and Xenares which were those two of the Ephores that than gouerned and desired to breake the peace had particuler deuises with the Beotians and with the Corinthians exhortynge them to haue parfaicte knowlaige of the sayd matters and chiefly to the Beotians that euen so as they had bene the furst that had made allyance with the Argiues that so they shoulde be willing al togiders to ioigne themself afreshe with those same LacedemoniaÌ„s shewyng theÌ„ that by the same meane they shulde not be constrayned for to accept kepe the allyance with the Athenians that bifore the emnitie with the Athenians bifore that they had brokene trefues the same Lacedemonians had more desired the amitie and allyance of the sayed Argiues than of the sayed Athenyans for that that they did alwayes mistrust them and desired greatly to be assured therof vnderstaÌ„ding that their allyance shulde be to those LacedemoniaÌ„s right propice meâ—e for to make warre wtout Peloponese praying the sayd Beotians that they would agree be contente to restore Panacte to the sayd LacedemoniaÌ„s to the intent that by meane of hauing of that same cytie they might recouer Pylus if it were possible And by
meane therof begyn againe afterwardes more easely the warre against the Athenians Thies thinges beyng signefied to the messēgers of the Beotians of the Corinthiās by the sayd Ephores certaine other their frendes of Lacedemony they made their reporte therof to the counsell of their cyties But bifore that they arryued two of the chiefe officers of Argos came to encounter mete thē vpon the waye had many deuyses with thē for to vnderstand if it were possible that the Beotians would enter into their allyance lyke as the Corinthiās the Mantiniens and the Eliens had done Saying that if that were done they should be hable for to make warre againste the Athenians orels welle by meane of the sayd Beotians and other their confederates for to come to some good appoynctmente wyth them Whiche thynges were ryght agreable to the Beotians for that they dydde agree vnto thesame that their frendes of Lacedemonye had charged theym and that those Argiues consented to the thing whiche the other desired And so they stayed vpon resolution wyth theym that they woulde sende their ambassadours into the countrey of Beoce and that done they departedde The Beotians beyng aryuedde in their countrey they reapported to the gouernors of the cytie all that whiche they had vnderstandedde aswelle of the Lacedemonyans as of the Argiues wherewith those gouernours were welle pleasedde for that the amytie bothe of the one and of the other was very mete and conueniente for them and that of themselfe the sayd parties dydde agree vnto one self ende wythoute knowynge the one of the other Soneafter came the ambassadours of the Argyues Unto whome after that they hadde bene heard they made aunswere that they would sende ambassadours vnto them for to treate of the allyance In this meane tyme those Beotians the Corynthians the Megarens and the ambassadours of them of Thrace assembled themselfes togiders and concluded amongest them an allyance for to succoure the one the other against all those that woulde warre against them and that they myghte not make warre peace nor other treatie with any parsone the one wythoute the othere And also it was appoynctedde that the Beotians and Megarens who were alreadye allyedde shoulde make allyaunce vpon the same condicions wythe the Argiues But bifore that the Gouernours of Beoce shoulde conclude the sayed thynges they shoulde make reapporte thereof to the fower counsailles of the sayd countrey who hadde all the auctorite perswading theyme that they shoulde be wyllynge to consente to the allyance with the sayd cyties and wyth all the other that would ioigne wyth them and shewing them that it was for their proffytte Whiche thyng the sayed counsaylles would not at the firste brunte agree vnto fearing that it should haue bene against the Lacedemonyans if they shoulde haue allyed themself wyth the Corynthyans who had rebelledde and were departedde frome theym For the sayed gouernours hadde not aduertisedde them of the deuyses whiche they hadde hadde with Cleobulus Xenares and their other frendes of Lacedemonie Whiche were that they shulde furste make allyance with the Argiues and the Corinthyans and afterwardes should conclude it with the Lacedemonyans For the sayd gouernours thought assuredly that without declaring that same vnto the comons of the sayd fower counsailles they woulde haue done that whiche the sayd Gouernours woulde haue counsailledde them But seing that it chaunced otherwyse therein the Corinthyans and the ambassadours of Thrace retournedde fromethence withoute doinge any thynge And the gouernours of the Beotians who were determyned if they coulde haue obteignedde and perswadedde the same furste vnto their people for to essaye afterwardes to haue made allyance wythe the Argiues seinge that they coulde not obteigne it dydde speake nothyng therof Also the sayd Argiues who shoulde haue sente their ambassade dydde not sende it So that the thynges remaynedde vndone by a necligence and throughe defaulte of sollycytynge The selfe same wynter the Olynthians dydde take the towne of Mecyberne with assaulte wherein the Athenians kepte their garnysone and pillaged it After that manye parlamentes beinge made bitwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans vpon the obseruaunce of the articles of the peace specially vpon condicion of the places on the one parte and of the other those Athenians hopyng that if they dydde render Panacte vnto the Lacedemonyans they woulde haue restoredde vnto theyme Pylus sente an ambassade to the Beotians prayinge theyme that they woulde delyuer the sayed towne togiders wythe the prysoners that they hadde of theirs Whereunto the Beotians made aunswere that they woulde not doo it excepte the Lacedemonyans woulde make particuler allyance wyth theym aswelle as they hadde done wyth the sayedde Athenyans Whereupon the Lacedemonyans thoughe they dyd knowe that it was agaynst the allyance that was made with the Athenyans whereby it was prouydedde that the one shoulde not make peace nor warre wythoute the othere yett for the desier that they had for to recouer of the Beotians Panacte hopynge by meane thereof to haue Pylus and also for the inclynacion whiche the officers than had more to the sayed Beotians than to the Athenyans to the intente to breake the peace they made and accordedde the sayd allyance aboutes the ende of the wynter After the whiche made in the begynnynge of the furste sprynge tyme whiche was the .xi. yeare of the warre the Beotians rasedde and vtterly destroyedde the sayed towne of Panacte The Argiues parceyuynge that the Beotians had not sent vnto them the ambassadours for to make the allyance lyke as they had promysedde and that they had beaten downe Panacte and made particuler allyance wyth the Lacedemonyans they hadde greate feare least they alone shoulde remayne in warre wyth the sayed Lacedemonyans and lest all the other cyties of Grece woulde reallye themself with theym For they thought that that whiche the Beotians had done at Panacte was by knowlaige and with wyll of the sayd Lacedemonyans and also of the Athenyans that they were all of one allyance With whiche Athenyans those Argiues hadde no more hope of appoynctmente For that same whiche they hadde thereof hadde was thynkynge that the allyance whiche was bitwene theym and the Lacedemonyans shoulde not haue endured For this cause being in greate perplexitie fearyng leste that they should be forced to susteigne warre bothe agaynste the sayed Lacedemonyans and Athenyans and also agaynste the Theagites and Beotians forsomuche as they hadde byfore tyme refused the appoynctemente with the sayd Lacedemonyans coueted the Empyre the authorytie ouer all Grece they sent their Ambassadours to the sayd Lacedemonyans to wytt Eustrophus and Eson whom they thought to be great frendes and very agreable to them for to treate the appointement For they thoughte that whan they shuld be allyed wyth them to what souer ende the matters shuld falle or come they shuld be well assured for the time that than ranne Beinge than the sayd Ambassadours arryuedde at Lacedemonye they made theire
proposition to the counselle demaundinge peace and allyance And for to treate yt they dydde requyre that the difference that they hadde wyth the Lacedemonyans by cause of Cynurie which is in the terrytorie of the Argyues and hathe vnder ytt woo cytyes to wytte Thyree and Athenye and also ys peopled wyth Lacedemonyans myghte be commytted to some cytie being newter or to some notable parsonage trusty to both parties wherunto the Lacedemonyans dyd incontynently make aunswere that they shulde speake no moore therof But if the Argiues woolde they were contente to make a new treatie wyth theym in all thynges suche as the former was Whereupon the Argiues made a certayne refusall saynge that they were well contente to make the appoyntemente suche as aboue prouydedde that yt shulde be liefulle to aythere of the sayde partyes notwythstandynge the sayde appoynctemente to make warre agaynste the othere whan yt shulde seme good throughe cause of the sayd Cytye of Cynurie excepte that the othere partye were empeschedde wyth pestylence or wythe othere warre lyke as at othere tyme yt hadde bene conuenauntedde betwene theyme than whan they hadde a battaille whereof aythere of the partyes pretendedde to haue hadde the vyctorye and so that the warre shoulde not exceede the lymyttes of the sayede Cytye and of hys terrytorye Whiche requeste semed at the begynnyng to the Lacedemonyans very folyshe but neuerthelas in the ende they dydde agree vnto it For that that they desyredde the amytie of the sayd Argiues But bifore the concluding of any thynge albeit that the ambassadours hadde full power and might yet wylled they that they should retourne frome thence to Argos and that they should propone and declare the sayd treatie to the commons for to knowe if they were agreable vnto it And if they were that they shoulde comme againe at a daye appoynctedde for to swere to the sayd appoynctmente So the ambassadours departed frome Lacedemony But in the meane tyme that they shoulde haue retourned the Ambassadours that the Lacedemonyans had sent to the Beotians for to recouer Panacte and the prysoners beinge Athenyans to wytte Andromedes Phedimus and Antimenides they founde that the sayed Panacte was rasedde and plucke downe by the Beotians vnder colour as they sayed that there was an auncyente treatie bitwene them and the Athenyans confirmedde by othe by which it was ordonneide that neyther of the parties shoulde inhabitt in the sayed place And as touchinge the prysoners they rendredde those that they hadde of the sayd Athenyans Unto whome those ambassadours dydde sende them agayne And as concernynge Panacte they shewed them that they shoulde no more feare that any their enemye shoulde abyde there insomuche as the towne was pluckedde downe thynkynge by that meane that they had welle acquited the promys that they hadde made for to render it But the Athenyans were not therewith conteÌ„t and shewedde theym that they had not accomplyshedde that whiche they promysedde in rendrynge of the towne being destroyedde and moreouer in hauing made allyance with the Beotians For it was directly against that whiche was spoken and agrede vpon bitwene them to wytt that they shoulde ioinctly togiders constraigne all the confederatedde cyties for to accepte and ratefie the sayd treatie of peace to wytt those that would refuse it By meanes of which thinges and of manye other they vsed the sayd ambassadours with grosse woordes and sente them agayne withoute other conclusion The Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans being than in this difference they that were not contente to haue peace with the Athenes they sought meanes to breake it incontynently through occasion thereof And amongest other Alcibiades sonne of Clymas who thoughe he was yett yonge yett for the memorye of his progenitours whiche were men of worshyppe was greately bilouedde and hadde greate auctorytie in the cytie the same counsailledde the people for to make allyance with the Argiues aswell for that that it semedde prossitable for them as also for this that through the highnesse and fiercenesse of his harte he was not content that the peace had bene made with the Lacedemonyans by Nycyas and Lachetes without makynge estimation of hym for that he was yonge And somuche the more he was offended with them that they hadde renewed and establyshedde agayne the amitie with them whiche his grantfather hadde brokene and forsakene And for despyte thereof he declared hymself than to be agaynste the sayed treatie of peace and sayed openly that the Lacedemonyans were not to be trusted vnto and that the appoynctmeÌ„t that they had made with them was but for to withdrawe the Argiues fro their amytie and afterwardes for to begynne againe warre agaynste them And seing that the people grudged agaynst the sayd Lacedemonyans he sent secretly with all diligence vnto the Argiues signefying them that it was the beste time that euer might be for to pursue the allyance for the Athenyans desyred yt and that they shoulde come without any delay and bring the Elyans and the Mantynyans for to conclude it assuring that he woulde ayde them with his power The Argiues hauing the newes and vnderstanding that the Beotians had not made allyance with the Athenyans and also that those Athenyans were in greate discorde with the Lacedemonyans they lefte the practique of their ambassadours that treated the peace and allyance with the Lacedemonyans and did geue theÌ„self to the same of Athenians The which they reputed better and more proffitable for them than the other for somuche as the cytie of Athens had alwayes and of all auncientie bene their frende and further dyd gouerne it self by the comon estate lyke as they dydde and moreouer myghte shewe them very muche ayde and fauour by sea if they had there warre for that that therein it was moste puissante And so they incontinently did sende their ambassadours with those of the Eâ—ians and of the Mantynyans to Athens for to treate conclude the allyance In that same tyme the ambassadours of the Lacedemonians arryuedde at Athens to wytt Philocaridas Leon and Eudius who semed to be moste affeccionedde to the Athenyans and to the peace Whiche were sent aswell for feare that the Lacedemonyans had leste those Athenyans would make allyance wyth the Argiues for despyte of them as also for to demaunde that they shoulde render vnto them Pylus in stede of Panacte and also for to excuse themself of the allyance which they had made with the Beotians and for to shewe them that they had not done it for any euill purpose nor to the preiudice of the same Athenians Whiche thinges were by the sayd ambassadours proponed to the counsaylle of Athens And besydes that they declared that they hadde full power to conclude and appoyncte vpon all their difference and controuersies Whiche seinge Alcibiades and fearynge leste if the thynges were publyshedde and declared vnto the people that they woulde consente to that whiche they sayed and by that meane refuse the allyance of the Argiues he
ymagyned one suche tromperie and deceite for to empesche it That is that he didde speake secretly to the sayedde ambassadoursâ— and sayed vnto them that they should not in any manner of the world declare to the comminaltie that they had ful might to trauaille and entrete vpon all the differences promysinge them that if they would so do for to geue and restoore Pylus vnto theym and that he had the meane and auctoritie for to perswade it vnto the comons lyke as bifore tyme he had had to cause them to deny it to the other ambassadours of the Lacedemonians And moreouer he promysedde that he woulde appoyncte and appease all the other differences that they hadde togiders And this did he to the intent that he myght withdrawe theym fro the practique knowlaige of Nycias And also that by this meane he might caliumniate and accuse theym towardes the comons that there were in theym nother trouthe nor loyaultie and by that doynge to enduce the same commons for to make allyance with the Argiues the Mantynyans and the Elians lyke as it chaunced For whan the ambassadours dydde comme to the assemblie of all the people beinge demandedde if they had full power for to procede vpon all the differences they sayed nay Whiche was whole contrarye to that which they hadde sayedde to the counsaille Whereby the Athenyans were so mouedde that they woulde no more heare them But dyd cleue vnto Alcibiades who bigonne vpon this occasion for to charge them with more than bifore So that through his perswation they caused the Argiues and the other that were comme in their compaignie to enter for to conclude allyance wyth theym But bifore the matter was establishedde fully the earth quaked by occasion wherof the thyng was put of or remytted vntyll the neâ—te daye followyng At whiche daye Nycyas perceyuing himself to be deceyued by Alcybiades aswell as the Lacedemonyans who were enduced to denye vnto the comons that whiche they had sayd to the counsaille lefte not of for all that to shewe afreshe vnto the assemblie that the allyance ought to be made and renewed with the Lacedemonians that men ought to sende vnto them for to knowe more amply their intent and in meane tyme to differre the allyance with the Argiues Declaring vnto theÌ„ that it was their honour and the shame of the Lacedemonians for to differ the warre for that that they had the better wherfore it was to their aduantage that they aboade in that reputacion where the Lacedemonians who remayned with the losse had occasion to dsire warre And so he perswaded them in that sorte that it was concluded for to sende an ambassade vnto the sayd Lacedemonyans In the which among other was named that same Nycyas And those ambassadors hadde charge to say to the sayd Lacedemonyans that if they were willing to enter frankely into the busines and for to enterteigne the peace allyance that they shulde restore to the Athenians Panacte hoole entier and reedefyed And furthermore that they shulde departe with Amphipolis and frome thallyance of the Beotians And if they woulde not enter into the peace so and vnder the conditions that were spoken that is to wytt that the one of the cyties myght not make treatie with an other cytie whatsoeuer without the other declaring vnto them furthermore that if they would procede against the sayd treatie of peace and allyance doinge contrary to that whiche was agrede vpon that than those Athenyans had already concluded to the allyance with the Argiues whiche were at Athens attendynge the resolution And many other articles conteigninge doleance against the sayed Lacedemonians for that they had not kepte and obsarued the sayd treatie were geuen by instruction to the sayd ambassadours for to make declaratioÌ„ thereof to the sayd Lacedemonians The sayd ambassadours than being come and hauing expounded their charge to the Lacedemonyans for the last article hauyng signefyed that if they woulde not forsake the allyance of the Beotians in case they were not willynge to accepte the treatie of peace as is afore sayd the Athenyans woulde conclude the allyance with the Argiues the other of their intelligence they were forced to answere throughe the perswation of Xenares and of his faction that they would not departe froÌ„ he allyance of the Beotians And neuertheles being required by Nycias for to swere againe to kepe perfourme the treatie of peace and amytie which was made bitwene them they were not therwith coÌ„tent And that did Nycias fearing to haue retourned fromthence wtout hauing any thing done leste that he shulde be charged to haue bene cause of the sayd treatie of allyance lyke as it chaunced afterwardes whan he was come home againe And moreouer incoÌ„tinently as the Athenians had vnderstaÌ„de his reaport that there was in effect nothing done at the perswation of Alcibiabes they concluded the allyance with the Argiues which were there holding them for oultraged or iniuried by the Lacedemonians The tenoure of whiche allyance doth followe The tenour of the allyance bitwene the Athenyans and the Argiues the Mantynyens and the Elyans ALlyance hath bene made by the Athenians with the Argiues the Mantynians the Elyens for a houndred yeares aswel for theÌ„ as for their frendes ouer whom both the one the other partie doth preside gouerne without fraude deceite aswell by sea as by lande to witt that the one partie maye not make warre nor endomage the other nor their allyes nor subiectes vnder any coulour or accasion whatsoeuer it maye be And moreouer that if any estranger during the said time shal haue entred ennemylike into the lande of the sayd AtheniaÌ„s the sayd Argiues Mantynians Elyens shal be bounde to come to succoure theÌ„ with al their puissance fourthwith as they shal be therunto required by the same AtheniaÌ„s And if it chaunced that the sayd estrangers were already departed froÌ„ the lande of the Athenians yet these Argyues Mantyniens Elyens shulde repute them for ennemyes aswel as the AthenyaÌ„s And that it shall not be lawfull to any of the sayd coÌ„federed cyties to make any appoinctmeÌ„t with the sayd comon ennemyes wythout the will consent of the other And the Athenians shall do the like against those that shall come to assaile the sayd Argiues the Mantynians Elyans in their lande And furthermore that none of the sayd cyties shall permytte nor geue congie or lycence to passe through his lande nor through that same of his frendes nor allyes ouer whiche they preside or gouerne nother yet by sea vnto any warryours for to make warre except it be deliberated and agrede by all the sayd foure cyties and sett fourth in their name And that if one of the sayd cyties demaundeth succours and ayde of the people of the other that the same that shall sende the sayd succours shal be bounde to furnyshe the sayd succours with victuailles at his expences the space of .xxx dayes to be
reconned from the first day that the sayd succours shal be arryued in that same citie that demaunded it But if the cytie haue thereof nede for a longer tyme it shal be bouÌ„de to geue soulde to the sayd souldyars to wytt three half pence of monney for the day to euery foote man and to the horsemen a grote And by that meane the same cytie shall haue the auctorite oner the sayd men of warre they shal be bounde for to obey it so long as they shal be therein But if any army were made fourth in name of all the sayd fower cyties the Impery therof should be comon to all fower The whiche treatie of allyance the Athenians shal be bounden presently for to swere in the name of them and of their confederates and allyes And afterwardes the lyke othe shal be made in euery of the sayd three cyties of their allyes in the moste straict fourme that they may haue in euery of them after his custome vpon the aulters of their temples after that the sacrefice shal be made apperteigning to the same in suche substance as followeth I sweare for to holde and kepe the allyance accordyng to the fourme and tenoure of the treatie whiche hath bene accorded iustely loyally and symplie and wolle not do to the contrarye vnder any colour art nor ymaginacion that may be And the sayd o the shal be made in the cytie of Athens by the people of the senate and Trybuus And afterwardes shal be coÌ„firmed by the treasorers In the cytie of Argos by the senate and by the foure skoore of the greate counsaille Of Mantynea by the artificers by the senate and by other officers and shal be confirmed by the diuynours by the capytaynres of the warre At Elea or Elides by the artificers by the threasorers sixe houndred of the greate counsaille and shal be confirmed by the conseruators or kepers of lawes The whiche othe shal be yearely renewed to wytt first by the Athenyans who shall go for that intente and purpose to the other three cyties thirty dayes bifore the Olympyades And afterwardes the other cyties shall go to Athens for to do lykewyse teÌ„ne dayes bifore the great feast that is named Panathenea And the present treatie with the othe shal be wryttone in stone and sett in a publique place at Athens in the moste euidente and open place of the cytie At Argos in the markett place by the teÌ„ple of Apollo At Mantinea and at Elides in the markett place night by the temple of Iupiter And moreouer at the next Olympyan feast it shal be sett vp in the name of al the sayd foure cyties in a table of copper And the same cyties maye by comon accorde adde to this sayd treatie hereafter that whiche they shalle thynke good In this manner the allyance confederation was concluded bitwene the sayd fower cyties notwithstanding that there was nothinge sayd nor any mention made that for the same any man shoulde departe frome the treatie of peace and allyance made bitwene the sayd Athenyans and Lacedemodyaâ—s Howe after many enterprises and exploictes of warre that were made bitwene the allyes of the Lacedemonians on th one parte and those of the Athenians of the other the sayed Athenyans at request of the Argiues declared those same Lacedemonyans to haue done against the treatie of peace and of allyance and to be pariured ☞ The .vii. Chapter THis allyance confederacion was not agreable to the Corynthyans And beinge by â—he Argiues their allyes required to ratefie and swere vnto it they refused that to do Saying that the same was suffycient which they had made with the sayd Argiues Mantynians Elyans By the which they had promised not to make peaceâ— nor warre the one citie without the other and for to ayde by defending the one the other without passing further and to geue theÌ„ ayde in assaillinge And by this meane the Corynthians departed from that same allyance did take newe intelligence with the Lacedemonyans Al which thinges were done in that somer in the which Androsthenes the Arcadian did wyn the beste prize with wresteling at the feast Olympian At the same feast the Elyans defended and enterdited vnto the Lacedemonyans that they shulde not sacrefice in the temple nor also enter into tourneying nor wrastlynge excepte they payde the penaltie amendes wherein they were by the sayd Elyans condempned accordynge to the lawes and statutes of Olympiades by this reasone that they sayd that the sayd Lacedemonyans had putt bestowed harnnes within the wall of Phircus and had sett their men of warre within Lepreum during the treatie made at Olympus agaynst the tenoure thereof The whiche mulcte and amendes did amount vnto two thousande poundes of Siluer to wytt for euery one of the sayd men of armes who were a thousande two poundes lyke as the treatie dydde beare it Wherunto the Lacedemonyans answered that they were vniustly condempned forsomuche as whan they hadde sente their men of warre vnto Lepreum the treatie was not publyshedde But the Elyans replyed that they coulde not be ignorante thereof for the same treatie had already bene in their handes and they themselfes were the firste that had denounced and signefyed it vnto the sayd Elyans and yet neuerthelas in goyng agaynste yt were comme to make the sayed exploicte of warre agaynste theym wrongfully and agaynste reasone wythoute that that the same Elyens hadde innouatedde any thinge agaynste theym Whereupon it was by the Lacedemonyens argued That if it were so that the sayed Elyans vnderstoode whan they came to denounce the sayed allyance to the Lacedemonyans that they hadde alreadye done agaynste the same it had not bene nedefull further to haue shewed yt vnto theyme as they hadde done after the tyme that they pretended the sayd exploictes of warre to haue bene done by the same Lacedemonyans And that it shulde not be founde that after the same denouncyng they had innouated or attempted any thynge But the Elyans persisted neuerthelas in their opynion the sayd allegacion notwythstandyng And yet for all that offred theym that if they woulde render Lepreum vnto theyme they woulde be contente to remytte one parte of the amendes to wytt that same that ought to be applyed to theym and also of the other whiche ought to be applyed to the God Apollo to paye it for them The whiche offer the sayed Lacedemonyans woulde not accepte Whiche parceyued the Elyans made theÌ„ yett an other offer To wytt that insomuche as they would not restore Lepreum to thintent yet that they should not remayne excluded frome the same feaste of the temple that they shoulde swere vpon the great aulter of Iupiter bifore al the Grekes for to paye the sayd amendes if they than coulde not pay it But the Lacedemonians accepted this partie as skleÌ„derly as the furst By reason wherof they were excluded prohibited from sacrifice to be present at the playes for that feast
allyance wyth them Whiche offres the saide two Argyues dyd make of their pryuate authoryte wythout knowlayge or coÌ„sente of the othere wherunto Agis made them aunswere likewise without therevnto calling anny other parsone but only one of the iudges or threasurers of the armye who was appoynctedde to hym for a compaignyon in that same warre amongest them four they concluded a trefues for foure moneths Duryng the which tyme the causes aboue sayd shuld haue bene treated vpon And that done Agis retyred wyth hys people wtout speaking otherwise to any of the allyes nor also wyth the Lacedemonyans All the whyche dyd followe him for that that he was generall of the armye and for to obsarue the souldarly lawe and disciplyne But that not wythstandynge they blamed hym greatly for thys that hauynge one so greate and apparante occasyon of victoire consydered that the ennemyes were enclosed on all sydes aswell wyth footemen as also wyth horsmen he departed fromthence wythout doynge there annye thynge worthye of so fayre an armye whyche was one of the greatest that the Grekes had yet made in all that warre and retyredde all vnto Nemea where they soiournedde certayne dayes Beynge in whyche place yt was iudged by all the Capytayns and chief of warre that they were puyssaunte ynough for to defeate not only the Argiues and their allyes but also muche more people if they had bene there and fromthence they retourned all throughly angred euery one vnto hys quarter But yet the Argyues were more displeased agaynste the twooâ— whyche hadde accordedde the appoynctmeÌ„t for their partie saying that the LacedemoniaÌ„s shuld neuer haue had so honneste occasion for to wythdrawe themself to their aduauntaige for they thoughte that hauinge so fayer an armye aswell of their owne people as of their allyes and moreouer beynge wythin the viewe of their cytie they shulde easelye haue defeated the sayde Lacedemonyans Beinge than departedde fromthence they went altogyders into the towne of Charadrus in the whyche before that they entred into their cytie wold leue of their armure they were willyng both to knowe of the warre and to determyne of the questyons of the warre and of the mylytary souldearly causes And so they concluded amonge other for to stoane Thrasylus But he saued hymself wythin the temple and yet neuerthelas they confiskated all his monney that he had there In thies enterfaictes and they beynge yet there aryued a thousand fotemen fyue houÌ„dred horsmen whom Lachetes and Nicostratus brought vnto them from Athens vnto whom they said that they shulde retourne for it greuedde theym to breake the appoinctemente that hadde bene concludedde wythe the Lacedemonyans in whatsoeuere manner that it hadde bene made And although that the sayde Capytaynes of the Athenyans demaunded to be presentedde wyth their people vnto the comynaltie of Argos yet the sayde Capytaynes of the armye woolde not agree vnto yt vntill that the Mantynyans and the Elyans wythe greate requeste hadde obteignedde yt of the Argyues Beynge than broughte in bifore the commons of Argos and byfore the allyes that were yett there Alcibiades who was generall of all the bende shewedde theym that they hadde no power to make peace nothere treatye wythe the ennemyes wythoute their consente and sithens that he was there acyuedde at the terme that he hadde promysed wythe hys bende that they oughte to begynne the warre agayne And in suche manner he perswaded theym by hys oratyon that they departed all at that presente for to goo agaynste Orchomenia whyche is in the countrey of Arcadie excepte the Argiues who albeit that they hadde bene of the same opynyone were neuerthelas slacke but soone afterwardes they dydde followe the othere and all togyders dydde laye siege to Orchomenia and vsedde all the force that they myghte for to take yt aswelle wyth Engynes of artillerye as otherewyse for they hadde greate desyre to take the same towne for manye reasons but pryncypallye for thys that the Lacedemonyans hadde bestowedde there wythin yt all the hostages that they hadde takenne of the Arcadyans The Orchomenyans fearynge to be takenne by force byfore that the succoures myghte comme vnto theyme for that that theire walles were not stronge and that the ennemyes were in ryghte greate nomber they made appoynctemente wyth theym by meane whereof they became theire allyes in rendrynge the hoostages that were wythin the towne and in delyuerynge some for theymselfe vnto the Mantynyans Aftere that the Athenyans and othere allyes hadde takenne Orchomenia they deuysedde whider they shoulde goo at theire departure fromethence For the Elyans woolde that they shulde haue gone into Lepreum the Manâ—ynians into Tegea vnto whose opynion the Athenyans and Argiues dyd agree wherupon the Elyans despised theÌ„ and retournedde fromthence into their houses The other abodde at Mantinea and preparedde them selfe for to go to Tegea where they had some coÌ„federation wyth certaine of the people of the towne who shulde haue brought them into it The Lacedemonyans after that they were retourned from Argos blaymedde greatly Agis for the trefues that he had made and that he had not brought the sayde cytie into their obeissance hauynge the fairest occasion and the beste meane that euer they myghte haue hadde nothere wythoute greate payne coulde haue For yt semed vnto them very difficille and harde for to assemble agayne at an other tyme one so fayere an armye of theire allyes as that same was there But whan the newes came of the takynge of Orchomenus they were muche moore angry and anymated agaynst hym In such sorte that they determyned to beate and battre downe hys howse whyche thynge had not bene sene in the cytie and for to condempne hym in a houndred thousande drachmes so greate was their anger against him Yet notwythstandinge he so excused hymself and made vnto them so many requestes thereby promysinge to recompense â—hat same â—aulte by some other greate saruyce if they woulde lett hym haue the charge of the army wythoute doynge that whyche they hadde determyned agaynste hym that they were contente to leaue to hym the sayde charge wythout doyng hym other euil But neuerthelas they made a newe lawe whych neuer bifore hadde bene made wâ—ereby they created twelue counsaillours of the said cytie of Sparte for to assiste hym wythout whome he might nother conducte an armye out of the cytie nor make peace trefues nor treatie wyth the ennemyes Howe the Lacedemonyans and their allyes dyd wynne one battaille againste the Athenyans the Argiues and their other allyes in the lande of Mantynyans ☞ The .ix. Chaptre IN thys meane tyme dyd come a messenger froÌ„ Tegea who broughte theym newes frome those in the towne that if they were not ryghte shortely succoured they shulde be constraynedde for to render themâ—elfe vnto the Argiues and to their allyes wherof the LacedemonyaÌ„s were greatly astonyed and thereupon dyd all arme themself aswel fre as bonde wyth greater diligence than euer they had done and wente fromthence to
ambassadours were sent vnto them aswell by those that were chased fromthence as also by those that gouernedde the towne the which were hearde by the Lacedemoniās in the presence of their allyes And after that the thinges were at lengthe debated it was declared that the gouernours were wronfully and wtout cause bannished and was concluded to go thider in armure and by force to place thē agayne wythin the towne but the execution beinge to longe delayed they that were wythin the towne fearynge to be ouercomme and takene reallied themself afreshe wyth the Athenyans thinking to be by them garded and defended and that done they caused soubdainelye the walls to be made from the towne vnto the sea to the ende that if they were empesched or lett to haue victuails by lande they might yet haue them by sea andthys they dyd hauinge intelligence wyth some of the Cyties of Peloponese in so great diligence that there was not man nor woman yonge nor olde small nor great that imploied not himself therin Also the Athenyans sente thider all their masons carpenters so that the said walls were acheued and fynished at the ende of sommer Whych parceued the Lacedemonyans assembled all their allyes except the Corinthians and in the beginning of wynter they wente to make warre against them vnder conducte of their king Agis And they had also some intellygence in the towne of Argos but seinge that it came not to effecte they toke the walles whyche were newely made and not fully fynished by force and rasedde them downe And afterwardes they dyd take a small towne that was in the terrytorye of the sayde Argos named Hysias by assault and dyd slaye all the notable or beste men that they founde wythin it and afterwardes retourned fromethence into their houses And sone after the Argyues yssued fourth of their town wyth all their force agaynste the Phliasians pillagedde alle their lande for somuche as they hadde receyuedde their exiles or bannyshedde men of whome some had there houses and heredytamentes and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their towne That same wynter the Athenyans made warre against Perdiccas in Macedonie vnder colour of thys that they sayde that he had conspired against them with the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and that whan the same Athenyās had prepared their army for to sende them into Thrace against the Chalcydes and the Amphipolites vnder the conducte of Nyrias he hadde dissembled wyth them in suche sorte that the sayde enterpryse coulde not be executed and by that meane he was declared their enemy And in thies entrefaicts passed that winter which was the ende of the fourtenth yere of that same warre At begynnynge of the sommer followynge Alcibiades wyth twenty shipps passed into Argos and there beinge entred into the cytie he toke three houndred of the burgeoses of the towne whyche he suspected to take the parte wyth the Lacedemonyans whome he caused to departe and to be caryed into the Islandes whyche the Athenyans gouernedde in that same quarter Howe Lytie of Meleas was as sieged and fynally taken by the Athenyans and some other thynges that were done that self same yeare ☞ The .xi. Chapte IN that same tyme the Athenyans also sente an othere armye by sea with thirty shyppes of theirs agaynste the Islande of Meleas in whych shippes there were twelue houndredde men well armed three houndredde Archers and twentye lyghte horses and moreouer there was in that same armye sixe shippes of those of Chio and two of those of Lesbos besydes the ayde whyche they hadde of their othere allyes and of those of the selfe Islande whyche amountedde to aboutes a thousande fyue houndredde men Nowe were the Meliens Burgeoses of the Lacedemonyans and refused to be vnder the obeissaunce of the Athenyans like as all the othere Isles of that same sea Notwythstandynge that from the begynnynge they were not so declaredde agaynste them But for that that the Athenyans woulde constrayne theym to declare themself and for that cause had burned and wasted that their lande they shewedde themself openly their ennemys and entred in warre agaynste theym The sayde armye beynge than arryued in the sayd Islande Cleomedes sonne of Lycomedes and Tisias sonne of Tysymachus who were the Capytains bifore they dyd any dammaige to them of the Islande they sente certayn of the Ambassadours vnto them of the citie for to speake with them who were hearde not bifore all the commons but before the officers and those of the counsaille onelye So they declaredde their charge and were aunswered and the matter debated betwene them lyke as herafter followeth in manner of a dyalogue ¶ The conferringe or talke that was bitwene the Ambassadors of the Athenyans and of the offycers of Meleas for to treate the appoynctemente betwene them ☞ The .xii. Chapter FUrste the Athenyans dyd speake in this manner Sirs we parceyue well that youe are not willinge that wee shulde speake before alle the commynaltie but only in thys assembley fearinge leste thoughe that we shulde haue had by long oration declared in presence of the whole commynaltie all true and reasonable thynges yet that not wythstandynge that same commons not hauinge otherwyse debatedde the matter frome poyncte to poyncte myghte thereby be induced to commyt some erroure wherfore yt ys expedient that ye do that lyke to wytt that ye declare not your purpose rashly or all at ones but frō poincte to poinct so that if you shal see that we say any thing that is impertinent or vnreasonable ye may answere therunto and tel vs your opyniō therin And bifore all thinges declare vnto vs if this manner of speakynge which we do propone vnto youe be to your contentatyon or not The Melyans Truly lordes this facyon of speakynge aparte and debatynge causes wyth leasure ys not to be blaymedde But there ys one thynge that semethe vnto vs contrarye and repugnante to this that is that ye cōme not to speake of warre to follow but of the same that presently is already wherefore we parceyue well that youe wolbe iudges of thys presente communycation And that the ende thereof shal be suche that though we vainquishe youe by reason and therefore do not agree to your will yet you wille warre agaynst vs. And if we consent to that whiche you wolle we shall remayne youre subiectes and in youre bondage The Athenyans Uerely if ye be here assēbled for to debate of matters that maye chance or for any other matter than for to prouyde for the estate and wealth of your cytie in the estate that the thynges be it is not nedefull that we speake further therein but yf ye◠be come for this purpose we wolle speake therof The Melyans It standethe with all reasone and also to be licencedde that people that be in suche perplextie shulde shewe many reasons and change many purposes hauing regarde to manye thinges considered that the question is of oure wealth Wherefore it it please you
of the Islande of Eubâ—a being there landed it was called Cumes And Perieres of the sayed cytie of Cumes in Chalcide Cratemenes of Chalcide were capytaynes of the sayed Grekes that came to inhabytt there And that same cytie was auncyently called zancla for that that it was in fourme of a cycle whiche the Sycilians name in their language zanclaâ— notwythstandynge theis people were afterwardes dryuen oute of the same cytye by the Samyans and certayne other Ionyans who flyinge the persecution of the Medes passed into Sycille but sone after Anaxilas who gouernedde those of Rhege chasedde theyme fromthence and inhabytedde the cytie wyth dyuers sortes and nations of people and calledde it Messena whiche was the name of the cytieâ— wherein he was borne The cytie of Imera was founded by the zanclians who vnder conducte of Euclydes and of Sacon dydde people it wyth certayne people of their nation but sone after came thider manye Chalcydeans and also greate nomber of Syracusains who were chasedde oute of their cytie by their aduersaries the whiche were called Miletides whereupon throughe the menglynge of the sayed two nations one myngled language was made of them two into one to wytt the one halfe Chalcydien and the other halfe Dorien but the manner of lyuinge was after the lawes and customes of the Chalcydians As touchynge the cyties of Acre and of Casmene the Syracusains founded peopled theÌ„ to wytt Acroe aboutes .lxx. yeares after that Syracusa was inhabited and Casmenoe about .xx yeares after the fundatioÌ„ of Acroe And aboutes Cxxxv. yeares after the fundation of Siracusa the same Syracusains dyd builde and people the citie of Camarina vnder the conduct of Daston Menecoles but within shorte tyme after the sayd Camerins rebelâ—ing gainst the Saracusains were by them dryuen froÌ„thence And by succession of tyme Hippocrates who gouerned Sela hauinge taken certaine prysoners of the Siracusains had for their raunsome deliuerance the sayed cytie whiche was desarte and not inhabyted and furnysshedde it with people but wythin shorte tyme after it was destroyed an other tyme by Gelon and afterwardes by hym made agayne and peopledde Beinge than the Islande of Sycille holdene and inhabytedde by so many nations and by so greate nomber of people the Athenyans neuerthelas enterprysed to inuade yt to thintente and for couetice wythout all doubte for to occupye and subdue yt notwithstanding that they did it vnder an honnest coulour to succoure the Chalcydians specially the Egestyans who hadde sent their ambassadours vnto Athens for to require succours of theÌ„ for that that beinge happened a certayne different bitwene them the SelinuntiaÌ„s bicause of a certaine mariage and also for their limittes those Selynuntians had hadde recourse to the Syracusains for that that they were their frendes and allyes who empesched and kept from the sayd Egesâ—yaÌ„s both the sea and the lande For this cause the same Egestains had sent vnto the Athenians puttinge them in remembrance of thauncyente amytie and allyance that they had made with Lachetes Duke of the Athenyans in the warre of Leontyns praying them that they woulde sende their armye by sea for to succoure them and for to enduce parswade them to do yt they alleaged many thynges but principally that if the Syracusains were suffred to do theÌ„ the sayd wroÌ„ges they would afterwardes chase fromethence the Leontyns their allyes and by that meane would make themself Lordes of all the Islande whereby it myghte chaunse that the sayd Syracusainsâ— who be desceÌ„ded of the Doryans that be in Peloponese and were by them sent into Sycille shulde come to succour the sayd Peloponesians against those Athenians for to beate downe destroy their puissance And therefore shewed the sayd AtheniaÌ„s that they shulde do wisely for to preuent the sayd inconuenience in good tyme to succour their sayd allyes to resist the force of the Syracusains And moreouer did offer to fournishe them with monney for to make the warre The which declaratioÌ„s being many times made by the Egestians vnto yâ— people of Athens it was ordoned to seÌ„de furst ambassadours into Sycille for to lerne if the Egestians hadde somuche monney as they reaported further what preparation they had for warre and likewise for to enquire of the puissance and condition of the Selenuntins Which thing was done Of certaine smalle exploictes of warre whiche were done in that same wynter in Grece And howe the Athenyans enterprysed to go with their army into Sycille for to conquere it ☞ The .ii. Chapter THat same wynter the Lacedemonyans for to ayde the Corynthians yssued fourch with their army entred into the territorye of the Argiues which they pillaiged in many partes therof caryed froÌ„thence a small nomber of beastes and a certaine quaÌ„titie of corne and afterwardes made an appoinctment trefues for a certain time bitwene yâ— sayed Argiues that were in the cytie the eriles or bannisshed men whome they lodged againe in the cytie of Ornee vnder this couenant that the one shulde not atteÌ„pte any thing against the other during the sayd tyme and that done they retourned froÌ„thence vnto their houses Shortly after the Athenians came thider with thirtye shippes wherein were seuen houndred souldiars ioigned themself with the Argiues who yssued out of their cytie so many of them as coulde were armure and they al togiders went against Ornee with suche strength that they did take it in one day but yet neuerthelas the night bifore they which were within seing that the siege was farre ynough without the towne they al saued themselfe By occasioÌ„ wherof the Argiues the morowe after fyndyng the towne voyde did vtterly rase it downe And that done they retournedde fromethence into their houses But the same Athenians that were come thider with them did embarque themself againe and sailled fromthence against Methone whiche is in the confyns of Macedonia where they charged or did take in certaine other souldiars aswelle to their ouâ—e people as of the Macedonians horsemen that were bannysshedde out of the countrey and kept themself aboutes the landes of the Athenians and altogether entred into the lande of Perdiccas passed throughe pillaigyng and wastyng it Which parceyued the Lacedemonyans comaunded the Chalcidians that be in Thrace that they shuld go to succour the sayd Perdiccas Which thing they refusedde to do sayinge that they had the tresues wyth the Athenyans for tenne dayes dnrynge the whiche the wynter endedde Whiche was the .xvi. yeare of this warre whiche Thucicides hathe wryâ—tone In the begynnynge of the somerâ— the ambassadours whyche chathenyans had sent into Sycilie retourâ—ed And with them came the Egestians who brought three skore talenâ—es of syluer vncoigned for one monethes payment of .lx. ships whiche they demanded of the Athenyans The sayd ambassadours being than come bifore all the people proponed manye thinges for to perswade them to do that
a good nomber from them to the temple of Olympiades whyche was therby fearynge leaste the Athenyans wolde come to pillage it for that that therin was great quantyte of golde and syluer The othere retyred into the cytie Neuertheles the sayde Athenyans wente not agaynste the said temple but hauynge receyued and brunned the cariogns of their men that were dead at the battaill they taryed there that same nyght And on the morow the Syracusains knowing to haue bene vainquished they sent vnto them for to demaÌ„de their dead men whych were in aâ—l aswell of theire cytezeinsâ— as of their allyes aboute two houndred and three skore and of the Athenyans togiders with their allyes aboutes fyftie whose boanes after that they were burned they dyd withdrawe and caryed them to Catanaâ— togiders wyth the spoilles of the ennemyes and by thys meane they retyred for that that they were already in wynter whiche was no tyme to make warre They could not also coÌ„duct nor endure it with out horsmen wherof they atâ—ended a good nomber aswell from Athens as from their allyes also monney for to fournishe necessaries They hoped alâ—o duringe the wynter for to practique and wynne throâ—gh fauoure of that same victorie many cyties of Sycille vnto their partie and moreouer to make prouysyon of victuailles and of all other thinges for to come agayne to laye theire Siege to Sarragosse immediatly after the winter Thies were in effecte the causes whyche mouedde theym to comme for to wynter at Catana and at Naxe Howe the Syracusains hauing chosen newâ— Dukes and geuene order in their affayres they made an assaulte agaynst them of Catana and how the Athenyans faylled to take the Cytie of Messane ☞ The .xiii. Chapter AFter that the Syracusains had caused their dead men to be buryed the people was assembled In the whyche assemblie Hermocrates sonne of Hermon who was estemed as greatly wyse and prudente as any man of the cytie and moreouer valyante and experymented in matters and feate of warre made vnto them many declarations and perswations for to geue them courage and that they shuld not be astonied for the losse whiche they had had shewynge vnto them that the same losse was not chanced to them through lacke of courage but through faulte of order and also that yt was not so greate as by reason it shulde haue bene consyderinge that on theire side there were none but comon people and men not often experimeÌ„ted in warre and the ennemyes were the beste practysedde of all Grece and suche as vsed the crafte and feate of warre more than of any other thynge Also the multytude of their capytaynes dyd noye them greatly For there were fyue of them that had not greate obeyssance of their souldyars But in case that they wolde chose some small nomber of more experte and of more meâ—e parsons for Capitains and durynge that same wynter assemble a good nomber of souldyars fournishyng theÌ„ wyth harnes that had not therof and moreouer wolde exercyse themself in feates of armes durynge the sayd tyme he had good hoope that they shulde haue the better agaynste their ennemyes addyng good order and conducte vnto their couraige and hardynes whyche thynges be necessary for warre To wytt order and conducte for to knowe foresee and exchue the dangers and hardynes for to execute that whyche shal be deuysed by wyt And also it were necessarye that the Dukes and Capytayns whych are to be chosen in small noÌ„ber as is aboue said shulde haue power in the feate of warre for to order and do therein euene as yt shulde seme to them to be expedyent for the welthe of the cytie geuynge them otheâ— suche as ys requysite in the same lyke cases For by thys meane the thinges whyche shulde be nedefull to be holden secrett may be kepte close and moreouer the prouysyons may be made without any contradiction After that Hermocrates had ended hys aduertysements all the people founde them good and dyd chose hymself for one of the Capytayns and wyth hym Heraclides sonne of Lysymachus and Sycanus sonne of Excrestus whome also they dyd chose Ambassadours for to go to the Lacedemonyans and Corynthians for to perswade them that they shulde ioygne togiders wyth them agaynste the Athenyans and that they shulde make so stronge and fierce warre in theire countreye that they shulde be constrayned to habandone and forsake Sycille orels that they shulde sende to the sayde Syracusains succours by sea In this meane tyme the armye of the Athenyans whyche was at Catana went fromthence agaynste Messane hopinge to haue taken it by treatie and conspyracie of some of the Cytezeins But they were deceyuedde of their enterpryse for that that Alcibiades who knewe the sayde treatie after that he was departed out of the hoste holding hymself in all poynctes assured that he shulde be bannyshed out of Athens had secretely discouered the treasone of those of the sayd cytie whyche toke parte wyth the Syracusains who hauynge furste slayne the transgressours and afterwardes moued the comons agaynste them and their complices obteygned what they woolde to wytt that the Atheuyans shulde not be receyued into the cytie who aftere that they hadde bene in the campe .xiii. dayes before the sayde Cytie parceyuinge that the wynter increased and waxed more bitter and that they beganne to lacke victualles also that they re enterpryse faylled them they retyredde to Naxe and to Thrace where they forcefyed their campe with diches and pales and there passed that same wynter Durynge the whyche they sente a galley vnto Athens for to demande newe succours wyth horsemen and wythe monney for the sprynge tyme followynge that they myght be hable to issue fourth into the feldes On the other syde the Syracusains duringe that same wynter enclosed wyth walles al the suburbs whyche was on the syde of Epipole to the intent that if by fortune they loste an other tyme the battaille in the feldes they might haue the greater space for to retyre wythin the closure of the Cytie and besydes that they made newe rampares aboutes the temple of Olympus and of the place called Megare and therin they put a good garnyson And moreouer in all sydes where men might descende from the sea to lande against the Cytie they made strong crosse barres and pales After that knowinge howe the Athenyans had embarqued theÌ„â—self nighe vnto Naxe for to wynter there all the people issued fourthe agaynste Catana and they pillaged all their terrytorie rased downe and burned all the lodginges and campe of the Athenyans that they had made whan they were there and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their houses ¶ Howe the Athenyans and the Syracusains sente Ambassadours towardes the Cameryns ayther partie for to withdraw them to their allyance and the answer which they made to them both And also the preparations practiques that the Athenyans made that same winter against the Syracusains ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter THies thinges thus
assembledde the Syracusains and shewedde them that yt was expedyente that they shulde arme alle the shippes that they coulde for to fyght agaynste the Athenyans by sea sayinge that he hoped in that doinge to doo some thynge woorthye of memorye And Hermocrates dydde lykewyse exhorte theym therunto saying that they ought not to feare the Athenyans by sea for thys that they were not naturallye men of warre as the othere For the Cytie of Athenes was not vpon the sea as Sarragosse but rathere it was muche furthere in the mayne lande and that that same whiche they hadde learnedde by sea was for feare of the Medes who constrayned them to aduenture in the sea and to hardy men as the Athenyans be those seme terrible whyche shewe themself as couraigious as they And euen as they somtyme feared their neighbours moore by theire greate audacytye than by theire power was requyred so maye they fynde of the souldyars their aduersaries which shal do the lyke vnto them And in makynge thies perswations vnto the Syracusains he tolde them that he knewe well their hardynes by the desyre whiche they shewed to haue to go agaynste the armye by sea of the Athenyans of the whiche feate that shulde be so vnloked for of them they shal be so astonyedde that that same shall proffitt more the Syracusains than the science and exercyse by sea whyche those Athenyans haue vsedde so greatlye shall aduantage theyme By suche woordes and declarations Gylippus and Hermocrates and somme other that followedde theyme aboute the nyghte dydde putte hys footemen in order wythout the towne to the intent that at one tyme he might assaille the enemys both by lande on the coste of the walle that is in PlemmyriuÌ„ and also the shipps on the sea coste In the morninge .xxxv. galleys of the Syracusains yssued forth out of the lytle porte where their hauen was for to goo to the greate porte whiche the ennemyes dyd kepe and .xlv othere to saille enuironing and compassynge aboute the sayde greate porteâ— and also for to go to assaille Plemmyrium to the ende that the Athenyans perceyuynge themselfe assailled on both sydes shulde be more troubled who seing that fournished incontinently .lx. galleys that they had wherof they soubdaynly sente .xxv. agaynste the xxxv of the Syracusains whyche came towardes the greate poarte for to fyghte wyth theyme and wyth the other they saylled agaynste those that compassed it aboutes wyth the whych they medled incontynently in the poarte and dyd fyght a longe tyme. The Syracusains enforsinge themself to enter into the poarte and the other to kepe and to defende theyme frome yt In thys meane tyme the Athenyans that were in Plemmyrium beinge descended downe of the rocke vnto the shore of the sea for to see what shulde fortune of the battaille that was in hande Gylippus vpon the breake of daye came to assaille the sayde place of Plemmyryum frome the syde of the lande wyth suche force that he toke one of the thre walles and soone after dyd take the other two for that that those whyche had the warde and defence therof seinge that the furste was so soone taken dyd not defende them And they that were at the warde of the furste wall after that it was taken fledde froÌ„thence and wyth greate danger retyred into galleys whych were always kepte at the fote of the rocke and partly in a Barque that was founde there and in the same retyred into their campe though that a galley of the Syracusains to wit of those that were already entred into the porte followed them very nyghe for the Syracusayns had already the victorie in the greate porte But in the meane tyme that the othere twoo walles of Plemmyrium were takene it chauncedde that the Syracusayns were vaynquishedde Whereupon those amonge theyme that fledde awaye through cause of the other vyctorie had their retraicte moore easey And the vyctorye was in thys sorte For the Syracusayns galleys whyche dydde fyghte in the mouth of the greate poarte hauinge repoulsed those of the ennemyes that were agaynste theyme sailledde in at the entrance wythout anny order so that the one empeschedde and dyd lette the othere Which parceyued by the Athenyans aswell those that dyd combate without the poarte as also those that were vainquished wythin ioygnned themself togiders and russhed aswell vpon those that were within the porte as also vpon those that were with out wyth suche force that they caused them to flye Whereof they dyd synke elleuen and dyd slaye all those that were wythin resarued thre whyche they toke prysonners and thre other shyppes they brâ—sed After that same victorie the Athenyans hauynge wythdrawin the shipp wrackes of the ennemyes they reysed the trophee in the lytle Islande that is Plymmirium and afterwardes retyred into their campe On the other syde of the Syracusayns by cause of the thre walles whyche they had taken in the sayd Plymmyrium they raysed vp three other trophees Of the whiche three walles they battred and rased downe that same whyche they hadde laste taken and the other twoo they rampared and did put therin good garnyson and warde In takynge of the sayde walles many of the Athenyans were slayne and many taken prysoners and moreouer all their monney whyche was a greate some was also taken for they kept thys place as for a forte to wythdrawe and warde all theire treasure and all their munytions and marchandises not onely of the Seygnyory but also of Capytaynes and of marchauntes and of particuler souldyars And amonge othere thynges there were found the sayles of forty galleys and thre other galleys that were wythdrawin thider That same takyng or losse did afterwardes cause many greate dammaiges to the Athenyans and chiefly for thysâ— that through the occasyon therof they could not brynge the victuaills into their campe wythout danger For the ships whyche were there dydde fyghte and empesche them alwayes whyche thynge dyd geue geue vnto the Athenyans great feare and also great displeasure Aftere thys battayll the Syracusains sente .xii. gallleys vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agatharcus Syracusain The one wherof dyd cary certayne Ambassadours whyche the sayde Syracusains sente into Peloponese for to signefye vnto the Peloponesians both what had bene done and also how they were in good hope to haue the vyctorie agaynste the Athenyans and also for to prouoke them that they shuld sende succours vnto theym and shulde ernestly follow or take that same warre vnto herte The other elleuen were sent into Italie for that that it was bruyted that certayne shyppes chargedde wyth stuffe and wyth munytions were sente to the campe of the Athenyans at Sarragosse the whyche shippes those Syracusains did encounter and toke the moste parte therof togiders wyth that whiche was wythin them Wherof the stuffe that was therein charged for to make ships they brunt it vpon the shore of the sea nigh vnto Caulonia And that dâ—ne they saylled vnto the poarte of Locres beynge in whyche
They loste morouer almoste all their beastes aswel great as lytle And also their horses were in a small tyme so trauailled that they coulde not sarue longe For their horsemen were contynually in the feldes aswel for to resiste the ennemyes that were at Decelea as also for to warde all the regyon of Athens from pillage wherby some of the sayd horses were morefounded the other lamed and tyred wyth ronninge so oftene into that same laÌ„de whych was drye and harde and also many of them were hurt aswell with stroakes of dartes as also with other stroaks And in the remenaÌ„t the victuails that were brought into the cytie oute of the quarter of Eubea of Oroppe whiche were wonte to passe by Decelea that was the next way were forced to come by an other coaste more further of so that they compassed about the lande of Sunium by sea whiche was a thynge of great charge and expence by occasyon wherof the cytie was in greate necessytie of all thynges that were requisitt to be brought thyder frâ—m wythout And on the other parte the Cytezeins who were all retyred into the cytie were greatly trauailled by meane of watche that was conuenyent for them to make wythout cessynge aswell by day as by nighte For by daye there was a certen nomber incessantly vpon the heighte of the walles who were contynually changed and in the nyght all the watche was in harnes resarued the horsmen the one vpon the walles and the other in and through the towne aswell in tyme of sommer as also of wynter whyche was vnto them a payne intollerable And so muche the moore that at one selfe tyme they susteigned twoo greate warrs And yet neuertheles they were so obstynate that no man yâ— had not sene it could haue beleued it For albeit that they were assieged euen vnto the wals by the Peloponesyans yet for all that they woolde not forsake nor leaue of the enterprise of Sycille but euene so as they were assyegedde they woolde stylle holde the Cytie of Sarragosse assiegedde the whyche was for a Cytie nothynge lesse thaÌ„ Athenes wyllynge by that meane to declare theire puyssance and theire audacytie muche moore greate than the othere Grekes hadde opynyon therof from begynnynge of the warre Of whome some iudged that those Athenyans shuld susteigne the warre for twoo yeares the other for three yeares at the furtheste and that than it shulde haue cessed But no man thought that it shulde haue endured longer if it chancedde that the Peloponesyans woolde haue entred into their lande And yet neuerthelas frome the furste tyme that they were entredde therin vntill that they sente into Sycille were seuentene whole yeares And that notwythstandinge they were not so decayed by the sayde warre of .xvii. yeares but that they enterprysed yet the other whyche was not lesse in the opynyon of men than the furste And the sayde cytie of Athens being troubled aswell for the towne of Deceleaâ— as by the other meanes here aboue declared yt was come into greate indigence and lacke of monney through occasyon whereof they exacted and leuyedde that same yeare of theire subiectes in places nyghe the sea in stede of trybute whyche they toke by Anticipation the twentith parte of their valeur thinkynge that the same shulde render vnto them more monney than the ordenary trybute So was it nedefullâ— for the expeÌ„ces were somuche the greater as the warre was more greate and also their rente failled them or was decayedde For thys cause incontynently as the Thracyens that were comme to their succours were arryued as hath bene sayde they retourned or sente them awaye for lacke of monney and gaue the charge to Dytrepus for to conducte them by sea to whome they comaunded that in retournynge them he shulde fynde the manner that they shulde do some damaige in Eubea and in othere places by the sea side of thennemys alongest by whome they shulde passe for it was conuenyente for them to passe the distraict of Eubea which is called Euripus The whiche Dytrepus beinge landed wyth the sayd Thracyens at Tanagra he pillaiged somewhat ryght soubdainely after caused them incontynently to mounte again caryed them into Chalcyde in the countrey of Eubea and towardes night passed the distraict and sailled for to lande in the countrey of Beoce In the whyche beinge landed he caused all hys men all the nyght to marche towardes the Cytie of Mycale and caused therin to hyde themselfe wythin the temple of Mercuryusâ— whyche is distant out of the sayd cytie abou ts .xvi. stades And after that it was day he caused them to marche strayght towardes the sayde cytie The whicheâ— though that it was greate yet neuerthelas he fourthwyth did take for that yt was not warded And also the Cytezeins had no doubte of annythynge For they neuer thought that passengers by sea wolde haue come so farre into the laÌ„de For this cause they had yll walles aboute their towne also they were fallene in some parts in other very lowe And morouer for that that they feared none enterprise they locked not in their gates The Thracians than being entred into the towne did pillage it vtterly aswell the teÌ„ples holly places as the pryuate houses prophane places this which yet was worst they dyd slay al that they fouÌ„de lyuinge aswell the people of all secâ—es ages as also the beastes For it is the nature and facyon of the Thracyans whyche be people amonge all other moste Barbarous to do all sorte of crueltie in whatsoeuer place that they be wythout feare And amonge the othere they committed and perpetrated one righte great myschiefe For beinge entred into the place where the chyldren of the towne were at skoole in ryghte greate nomber they dyd slaye theym all And that mischiefe was so greate and so soubdaynely and vnlokedde for chancedde that there was neuer in one Cytie a greater Whereof the Thebayns beinge aduertysed they all yssuedde fourthe incontynently vpon them and founde them yet nyghe vnto the towne and dydde putte theym into greatte feare and in suche sorte that at begynnynge they forsoke all their bowtye and afterwardes were chasedde fromethence vntill the distraicte and there many of them were slayne that coulde not sone ynoughe enter into their shippesâ— by cause of this chiefly that those whych were wythin the sayde shippesâ— parceyuynge the enemyes to approcheâ— had withdrawin them into the sea out of danger of shott whereby those that myght not enter and that knewe not or coulde not swimme were all slayne and there was the greateste slaughter For vntille that they were arryuedde at the shoore of the sea they retyredde all togider and in good order after their custome so that they defended themself well against the horsemen of the Thebains which were the furst that assailled them in suche sorte that they lost not manye of their people But after that they were arryued at the sea syde in the sight of
their shippes they did breake their order for to gett into the sayd shyps Some were also yett founde in the sayd cytie whiche remayned for to pillaige yt who lykewyse were all slayne so that of .xiii. houndredde Thracyans that were there was saued but twoo houndred and fyftie And of the Thebains and other whiche were comme wyth theyme there were deade aboutes twenty all horsemen Amongest whome was one of the officiers of the Beotians namedde Straphondas and all those that were founde within Micalessus receyued this crueltie and calamytie which was greater than chanced to annye towne or cytie duryng that same warre by al that time that yt endured ¶ Of that whiche Demosthenes and Eurimedon Dukes of the Athenyans did in their voiage sayllynge to the succours of the campe that was at Sarragosse And of the succours that arryued for those of the towne And also of a battaylle by sea whiche the Athenyans had agaynste the Peloponesyans nigh vnto Naupactum ☞ The .vi. Chapter ANd for to retourne to that whiche was done in Grece after that Demosthenes had enclosed with wall that place wherof we haue spokeÌ„ in the countrey of Laconie he departed fromethence for to passe into Corcyre and in saillinge he founde in the poarte of Phia whiche is in the countrey of Elyens one barque charged wyth men of warre beynge Corynthians whiche woulde haue gone into Sycille whiche he sonke but the people saued themself and afterwardes recouered an other wherein they passedde into Sycille Fromethence Demosthenes passed into zalinthus and through Cephalenie where he dydde take men of warre whiche he embarqued Afterwardes he came fromethence to Naupacte whider he caused the Messenyans to come and fromethence he trauersed and passed into the lande of Acarnanie which is on the other syde in the mayne lande and there came vnto the townes of Alizea and of Anactoryum whiche the Athenyans dyd holde And he beynge there it chanced that Eurymedon came agayne by the same sea of Sycille whider he was sente that same wynter for to carye monney vnto the armye who came to fynde the sayd Demosthenes and sayd vnto hym amongest other thynges that he hadde learned that the Syracusayns had recouered Plemyrium Sone after Conon that was capytayne of Naupacte came vnto them who shewed them that there were .xxv. galleis of the Corinthians foranempst Naupacte which kept themself there and ceassed not to come to prouoke hym and demaunded nothynge but to sight And therfore desyred them that they would delyuer hym suffyciente nomber of their shyps For he had but .xviii. galleys with the whiche it was not mete for to fyght with .xxv. Wherunto Demosthenes and Eurymedon dyd agree and delyuered hym tenne of their lightest galleis with the which he retourned fromthence and they wente to their enterpryse for to leuie and gather people to wytt Eurymedon who had bene already appoyncted for collegue and compaignyon to Demosthenes into Corcyre where he causedde .xv. of his galleys to be fynysshed wyth the people of the countrey and Demosthenes through the countrey of Aâ—arnanie fromwhence he ledde asmanye archers as he coulde into Sycille After that the ambassadours of the Syracusains whâ—che had bene sent vnto the cyties of Sycille for to haue succours had done their ambassade and hadde perswaded vnto many of them the thing which they demanded leâ—ied the people of the sayd citties for to carye them to Sarragosse Nycias who was aduertised therof sente vnto the cyties whiche toâ—e his parte by whiche the sayed men of warre should of necessitie passe and specially to the Centoripins to the Alcyes that they shulde not suffer theym to passe but rather empesche theymâ— wyth all their power for they coulde not welle eskape annye other waye for that that the Agragantyns denyed theym passaige Unto whyche request the sayd townes obeyde and bestowed men in embushmentes at the passaiges in thre places who secretly betrapped the sayed men of warre in suche sorte that they dydde slay aboutes eyght houndred of theyme togiders wyth all their ambassadours resarâ—ed one whiche was a Corynthyan who brought theyme that were sauedde to Sarragosse whiche were aboute a thousande fyue houndredde And at the selfe tyme arryued other succours for the Syracusayns to wytte of Camerins who sente fyâ—e houndred men well armed and sixe houndred Archers and the Gelyans fyue shyppes whereiâ— weâ—e foore houndred Arbalestriers and twoo houndredde horse And for effecte the Agregantins that toke parte with the Athenyans excepted the moste parte of all the countrey of Sycille althoughe that ytt was not knowyn nor declared vntylle that presente tyme sente succours to the sayed Spracusayns who neuerthelas for the loste whiche they hadde made of the sayd eight houndred men at the passages of Sycille durst not so sone inuade the Athenyans Durynge this tyme Demosthenes and Eurymedon hauing assembledde a greate nomber of people aswelle of Corcire as of the mayne lande they passed the sea Ionium and came to aboorde at the promontorye of Lapigia oute of whiche place and of the Islandes Choreades there adioigninge they leuyed one houndredde and fyftye Arbalestciers of the nation of Messapiens by consent of Artas Lorde of the place wyth whome they renewed the amytie whiche hadde bene auncyently bitwene the Athenyans and hym Beyng come fromthence to aboorde at Metapontum whyche ys in Italy they perswadedde the people of the towne to delyuer theyme three houndredde archers and two shyps by vertue of their ancyent allyance Fromethence they came to aboorde at Thuria where they lerâ—edde that those whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans were newely dryuene awaye so they arrested there certayne dayes wyth all the armye for to vnderstande if there remaynedde anny parsone of the parttakers with the Athenyans wythin the sayed Cytie and also for to make straicter allyance wyth theyme to wytt to be frendes of frendes and ennemyes of ennemyes Aboutes thys tyme the Peloponesyans that ancredde wyth the .xxv. galleys foranempste Naupacte for suertie of the barques that shulde passe thereby transportyng the succours that the sayd Peloponesyans sent to Sarragosse apparrilled theymeself for to fight agaynste the galleys of the Athenyans whiche were in the poarte of Naupacte and hadde also furnysshed other shyppes in suche sorte that they hadde almoste as greate a nomber as the Athenyans and came to ancre in an hauone of Achaia calledde Rhypica nyghe to Erimeum whyche is in forme of the mone encrea ynge and they hadde bestowed in the rockes whiche were at the sydes of the sayedde hauone their footemen aswelle of the Corynthyans as of the people of the countrey In â—uche manner that the armye by sea remaynedde in the â—â—ddelle welle wardedde frome the lande all togiders whereof Polyanthes Corynthien was chiefe Agaynste whome the .xxiii. Athenyans galleys dyd come whiche were in the poarte of Naupacte wherof Diphilus was chiefe whiche parceyued the
ship of the sayed Eurymedon whyche was inclosedde in a corner of the porte in the moste depthe and so dydde sinke it wyth the sayd Eurimedon and with all the other that were wythiâ— it and that done dydde geue the chase vnto al the other shipps and followed them euen vnto the lande Gylippus seynge whyche thynge and that the shipps of thennemyes were already passedde their inclosure with paales whiche they hadde made in the sea and also the place where he had his armye at the sea syde for to defeateâ— and destroye those that woulde descende to lande and to the ende that the Syracusayns myghte more easely take the shyppes of the ennemyes whan the sayedde Syracusains shoulde parceyue that the lande was kepte for their frendes he came wyth one parte of hys men vnto the mouthe of the poorte for to ayde the Syracusayns but the Tyrsenyens who had by fortune than the kepynge and warde of that same quarter for the Athenyans came to mete theym and at the begynnyng repoulsed and dyd put the formost to flyght and chased them vnto a marreys that is called Lysimelia neuerthelas the other parte of the sayd Syracusains of their allyes dyd â—one after come for to succour those there On the other syde the Athenyans also yssued out of their caÌ„pe with great strength aswel for to succour their sayd people as also for to saue their shippes and there was a great battaille but fynally the Athenyans had the victorie and dyd slay a greate nomber of the other And also saued one greate parte of their shippes nothwithdinge there were .xviii. of them takene and they that were wyth theym slayne And moreouer myndinge to burne the reste they did fylle an olde Barque with drye woode and wyth the other matter mete to fyer afterwardes they sette it in waye towardes the sayde shippes hauinge a good wynde whiche dyd dryue the Barque into that same parte But the Athenyans seynge that danger vsed suche diligence aswel to quenche the fyer as to kepe of the sayd Barque that they eskaped the same danger For that same battalle boâ—h parties reysed vp a Trophee to wytt the Syracusains for the takynge of the shippes whyche they had recoueredâ— and also for the men whyche they at the begynnyng had taken and slaine byfore the Athenyans walls and the Athenyans for that that the Thyrsenians had repoulsed the formoste fotemen into the marreys and afterwardes they the other of the Athenyans partie had repoulsed the whole bende of the Syracusains whan they had the victorye by sea The Athenyans parceyuinge the Syracusains who at begynnynge were all afrayde of the succours that Demosthenes had brought to haue had one so greate victorie ouer them were all therof astonyed and dasshed out of couraige forsâ—muche chiefly as it therâ—n was chansed whole contrary to that whyche they thoughte namely to be vaynquished in the sea by a lesser nomber of shyppes than they had and than they were yet more angry and all the Athenians repentedde themselfe that were in that same army to haue enterprysed warre agaynste the Syracusains who gouerned by the cominaltie and in that same sorte as they of Athenes and also were puissante aswell of shippes as of footemen and horsemen Whereby those same Athenyans could not hope to haue therin any partie of those that were wtin nother through hatred of the comon gouernement secretly wyth them nor also for to vainquish them easely being aswell prouyded wyth all preparations of warre as they and by thies reasons they were not onely the more angry but also in greate sorrowe for their affayre and somuche the more they loste their courayge that they parceyued themselfe to haue bene vainquished in that partie wherof they doubted leaste to wyttâ— by sea On the other syde the Syracusains fourthwyth after the victorie compassynge aboute the greate porte wherein the Athenyans shyppes were determynedde for to shutte vp the mouthe of the entringe in suche sorte that the same Athenyans shulde no more yssue fourth wythout beinge parceyued for they studyed no more to saue themself but for to empesche that the ennemyes shulde not saue theirself consyderynge as the trouâ—he was that at that present they hadde the better and that if they myghte vaynquishe aswell by sea as by lande they shulde acquire and obteigne a greate glory and renome in alle Grece whyche shulde be in parte delyuered out of the seruytude and bondage of the seruytude and bondage of the sayde Athenyans and partlye frome feare to tomble into yt for hauynge had suche a foyle or ouerthrowe they shulde neuere after be hable for to susteigne warre agaynste the Peloponesyans wherby those selfe Syracusayns hauynge bene cause therof they shulde be hadde in greate admyration aswell to the lyuynge as to those that shulde come after And not for thys reason onely it semed vnto theyme to be a laudable thynge to make theire strength for the intentes and endes as is abouesayde but also for thys that in that doynge they shulde not onely vaynquishe the Athenyans but rather many other their allyes and also the vyctorie shulde not sarue for them onely but for them also whyche had bene aydynge vnto them Of whom by occasyon therof they shulde be fromthensforwardes Dukes wyth the Lacedemonyans and the Corinthyans hauinge putt their cytie into so greate dangier and shewed so greate puissance by sea For many other Cyties and nations dyd come togiders for to assaulte defende that same cytie The one to be participant of the prayes and buttes not of that same Cytie onely but of all the Isle of Sycille The other for to kepe consarue their goodes and estates And they that medled not therin for the one nor the other partie dydde yt more for some fantasie or for some parentage whyche they hadde of the one or wyth the other than hauing regarde aither to the proffitt or to the necessytie eyther ells to that whych myght chance And for to knowe parfaictly or distinctlyâ— what they were whyche entermedled and mett togyders in thys warre aswell of th one syde as of the other they were thies that followe The Cytyes and people whyche entermedled mett or toke parte togiders in the warre of Sycille aswell on the one one syde as of the other ☞ The .xi. Chapter TThe Athenyans whyche be Ionyans hauyng enterprised the warre agaynste the Syracusayns who be Doriens had wyth them those of their owne speache that lyued in the selâ— lawes to wytt the Lemnyensâ— the Egynetes to wytt those that than inhabyted in the cytie of Egyne the Estiens whyche helde the cytie of Estie in the countrey of Eubea and many other their allyes the one lyuinge in lybertie and the other trybutaires and captyues to wytt of the subiectes and trybutairies of the sayde countrey of Eubea the Eretriens the Chalcides the Styriens and the Caristiens and of the Islandes the Cyens the Andryens and the Teyens And of the countreye of Iome the
him whatsoeuer busynes that they mighte haue So he sailled to lande at Coryce where he soiourned certen dayes During this tyme the army of the Athenyans departed from Samie arryued at Chio and they came to lodge themself at the fote of a hill that was betwene the porte and them so that they whiche were within the said porte perceyued them not nother also the Athenyans did knowe what the other did Bitwene both Astiochus was aduertised by letters frō Pedaritus how some Erithriens which had bene prisoners at Samie were released by the Athenyans and sent to Erythree to cause the cytie to rebelle So he incontynentlye launched fourth to returne thider and it failled very litle but that he had fallen into the Athenyans handes neuerthelas he came thider in saulftie where he foūde Pedaritus who was lykewyse come thider for the self cause And so both of thē made great inquyrie of the same treatie did take many of them that were suspected But being infourmed that no naughty thynge had bene there perpetrated but that the same was faigned for th◠welth of the citie they absolued them all and retourned fromthence the one to Chio the other to Mylet Duringe thys time the Athenyans ships that passed out of Coryce vnto Argiue encountred three longe ships of the Chiens which incontinently as they had perceyued them they followed to ouerwhelme thē did geue them the chase vnto their poarte where they with great paine could skarcely saue themself by cause of the tempest that came vpon them And thre ships of the Athenyans that followed them into the porte perished and were loste and they that were wtin partly taken and partly slayne The other ships retyred into a porte that was vnder Mymante named Phenicuate◠and fromthence they sailled to Lesbos where they reysed vp newe rampares In that same wynter Hippocrates Lacedemonian with tenne ships of the Thuryens ouer which Doricus sonne of Diagoras one of the three chiefest of the army and with two other to wit one of Laconie the other of Sarragosse did rule or gouerne passed through Peloponese to Cnide which cytie was alredy rebelled agaynst Tyssaphernes Whereupon those of Mylet vnderstāding the coming of that same army by sea sente the moytie of their ships for to warde defende the said cytie of Cnide and for to succour certen barques that were coming out of Egipte charged wyth men which Tyssaphernes caused to come and ordayned to mete wyth them the ships that were in the hauon of Triopie which was a rocke in the promoutorie situated on the heigh of the regyon of Cnyde vpone the whych standeth a temple of Apollo But the Athenyans aduertised hereof whyche were at Samie preuented the sayd shipps that were at Triopie to the nomber of syxe and dyd take them neuerthelas the men that were within them saued themself on lande And fromthence they came to Cnyde the whych failled but lytle that they had takene it at the arryuall for that that it had no walles notwithstandynge they were repoulsed And yet neuerthelas the day following they dyd geue them an other assaulte but they dyd lesse proffitt therein for that that the men of the towne had in the nyght better rampared their dyches Also the shypmen that were saued in the lande at Triopie were comme thider in the self night wherby the Athenyans seynge that they coulde do nothinge there they retourned to Samie In the selfsame tyme Astyochus beinge come to Mylet he founde his armye ryght well appoincted with all thinges for that that the Peloponesyans fournished ryght well to the payemente of souldyars who besides that same had greate and muche monney for the butie whych they had gotton at Lasus And on the other parte the Mylesians were all desposed to doo that whiche was possible for them for their partie But forsomuche as the laste allyance whiche Chalcideus had made wyth Tyssaphernes semed not to be ample inough but defectuous and faulty in some things which made more for the partie of Tyssaphernes than for them they refourmed and renewed yt an other tyme by the meane of Theramenes in the manner to followeth The seconde treatie of allyance bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the kinge Dareus HEre followe the articles conuenaūtes and treaties of amytie bitwene the Lacedemonians and their allyes of the one paatie and the kynge Dareus his children and Tyssaphernes on the other partie Furst that all the cyties contreys landes and seigniories whiche do at this present apperteigne to kyng Dareus that haue bene hys fathers or other his predecessours shall remayne franke and free vnto him in manner that the Lacedemonyans nor their allyes may not go thider for to warre or to do damage therin and that they may not exacte nor take any trybute there And lykewyse that the kynge nor any of those whiche be vnder him may do damage nor exacte any trybute in the landes of the Lacedemonians nother of their allyes And moreouer that if any of the said parties requireth any thinge of the other if that yt be graūted vnto him in like case that same partie that shall haue receyued the plaisir shal be boūde to render it to the other whā he shal be therunto required And that the warre whiche they haue begonne agaynste the Athenyans shal be followed to the ende generally by the sayde parties and shall not be lefte of by the one wythout the othere That all the men of warre whyche shal be leuied in the kynges countreys by his ordenance shal be payde wyth hys monney And if any of the confederated cyties shall come to inuade any of the kynges prouinces the other shall forbydde and kepe them from it to his power And to the contrary yf any of the kynges countreis or subiectes come to inuade any of the confederated cyties or their lande the same kyuge shal empesche and forbydde them with his power After this treatie made Theramenes hauing delyuered his ships to Astiochus departed thence was neuer after sene During this time the Athenians that were cōme frō Lesbos against Chio hauing assieged it by lande and by sea did geue thēself to enclose the porte of Delphinie which was a strong place on the lande side with walle and also it had a porte sufficiently suer was not veray farre from Chio wherby the cytezeins were greatly troubled aswell for many greate losses damages whiche they had already susteigned by occasyon of the warre as also for that that the inhabytantes were yll agreinge amongest themself and muche troubled otherwaies For Pedaritus had caused already Tideus the Ionian with all his men to dye for that that he suspected them to haue confederation with the Athenyans By reason of which acte the reste of the cytezens whych were brought to a small nomber did not truste the one the othere and therby it semed vnto them thot nother they nother
perceiuing them coÌ„ming wtdrew himself into Franchise or Sanctuary in a chapell therby by that meane saued himself But afterwardes being come fourth fromthence they dyd take hym and besides that the Mylesiens wente to assaulte a castelle or bulleworke whyche Tissaphernes hadde there made the whyche they toke and chased fromthence hys men that he had sette therein whyche thynge was agreable to the other allyes and also the other Syracusains But Lychas was therwyth displeased saying that the Mylesians and other which were vnder domyny on of the kynge shuld obey and please Tissaphernes in the thynges that were reasonable vntil that the affayres of the warre might haue bene better ordered by occasion wherof and of many other like declarations the Mylesyans conceyued so great indignation against him that being sone after dead afa disease or maladie they would not suffre that hys body shulde be engraued in the place where the Lacedemonyans that were there had appoincted In thies entrefaites and thies dissentions being amonge the souldyars Tyssaphernes and Astyochus arryued at Mylet Myndarus beinge sente for chief of that same army from the Lacedemonyans in the stede of Astiochus who after that he had reÌ„dred the charge to the said Mindarus he retourned to Lacedemonie and Tyssaphernes sente wyth hym an Ambassadour of Gaulere named Cara whyche coulde speake well both languages to wytte Greke and Persyan aswell for to complayne of the oultrage that the Milesians had done vnto hym and hys men in thys castell or bastillion as also for to excuse hymselfe of that wherwyth he knewe well that they woolde charge hym that they hadde sente men to Lacedemonie to do yt and that Hermocrates was gone wyth them who affyrmed that he and Alcibiades were agrede for to destroye and marre the affayres of the Peloponesians For he had had of a longe tyme a meruelous hatred agaynste the sayde Tissaphernes by cause of the payâ—mente and also for thys that beinge come the other three Chiefes of the Syracusains shippes vnto Mylet to wytte Potamus Miston and Demarchus the same Tyssaphernes had sharpely charged hym in their presence of many things and amonge othere that the hatred whyche he had agaynste hym was for thys cause that he would not delyuer vnto hym a certen some of monney whyche he had demaunded of him In thys manner Astyochus the messengers of the Mylesians and Hermocrates sailled frome Mylet the Lacedemonye And on the other syde Alcibiades retourned from Tyssaphernes to Samie Beinge arryued at whyche place certen messengers dyd come from Delos whiche the foure houÌ„dred gouernours of Athenes had sente thyder for to pacefie quyett those that were in the sayd place of Samie But at the begynnynge the people beynge by them assembled the souldyars made instance that no man shulde geue them audyence but rather cryed wyth a lowde voyce that men ought to hacke into pieces suche people as woolde destroye the comone estate neuerthelas after manye woordes sylence was made and they were hearde wyth greate difficuâ—tie who declared howe the change of the estate whych had bene made was not for the destruction of the cytie as they were done to vnderstande but rather for the welth of the same and to the ende that it shulde not come into the power of the ennemyes who were comme vnto byfore the towne Whereupone yt was deuysed to be necessarye to depute the sayde foore houndred to geue order to the defence and in the affayres of the same wyth the othere fyue thowsande all the whychâ— shuld be parttakers in euery whatsoeuer thyng for the coÌ„ductyng or admynistratyon of the affayres And also that yt was not trewe whyche Chereas had spokene for enuye that men had bannyshed and euyll intreated the Childrene parentes and frendes of those whyche were wythout but rather suffred them all in their goodes howses and in lybertie as they had byfore tyme bene But hauynge made their excuses and declarations and wylling to passe further they were empesched or interrupted by those Chartagians that were there whiche toke that that was sayde in an euill parte and bigone to speake many and dyuers opynyons but the more parte did put it fourth that men shulde saille fromthence by vnto Pyreus In the whyche trouble Alcibiades shewed hymselfe asmuche or more frende to the partie wherwyth he did take than any of the other For seing that the Athenyans whyche were there were mynded to saille agaynst those that were at Athenes and knowinge that if that dede were donne it shulde be occasion that the ennemyes shuld take all the contrey of Ionum and of Hellesponte he wolde not suffre it but rather did speake against it whych thynge none other but he might do in the same furye And by hys auctorytie he stayed that same nauigation and also caused those to holde theire peace whyche cryed agaynste the messengiers and blamed them openly And afterwardes sente them agayne despeched by hymself in thys manner To wytte that as touchynge the fyue thowsand men whiche were named for to ayde in the gouernance of the Cytie he was not of opynyon that they shulde be taken froÌ„ the gouernance but he willed gladly that the foore houndred shulde be dysmyssed and that the counsaill shulde be readmytted in the nomber of fyue houndred in like forme as it was bifore And somuche as touched that whyche had bene made by the sayde foore houndred for to dymynishe the expences of the cytie for to fournishe the payment of the men of warre he dyd right well allowe it and exhorted them to prouyde well in the other affayres of the cytie and not to suffer the cytie to comme into the handes and power of the ennemyes geuinge them good hope for to appoincte and conclude all thies dissentions the cytie remayninge in his entier estate wythout that they shulde ryse in stryfe and armure the one agaynst the other wherunto men ought to haue good regarde For if they at any tyme shulde come to fight to wit those that were in the cytie agaynste them that were at Samie which of the parties shulde haue the victorie there shulde none remaine with whom the appointement might be made Nowe were come thider Ambassadours from the Argiues which presented to the Athenyans that were there ayde succours against the foore houndred for defence of the comon estate vnto whome Alcibiades dyd render thankes for their good offres and neuerthelas hauing demaÌ„ded of them who had prayed them to come thider for that matter and they hauyng aunswered that they were not come thyder as called by any parson he â—ente them away graciously And for trouth they had not bene required to come But certayne Paraliens beynge sente by the foore houndred in a shippe of warre for to saille to see what was done in Eubee and also for to carye three Ambassadours that those foore houndred sent to Lacedemonie to wyt Lespondias Aristophon Milesias the said Paralians whan they were arryued at Argos
warre that they had against the Athenyans for there is but a veray smalle sea to passe frome thence into Eubee and also they may easely make ther theyr Armye by sea agaynst the Eubeens and also it shulde be a recours vnto them whaÌ„ they wolde go into Thrace For whiche reasons they sett all theyr studye for to buylde the sayde habitacion And after that they had demaunded counsell of the god Apollo in the temple of Delphos they sente thyder a great nomber of labourers aswell of the countrey as of the places nygh adioynyng And also they caused it to be publyshed through all Grece that it shulde be laufull to all them that wolde go thederâ— for to inhabytt there excepte the Ioniens and the Acheens And they gaue the charge commissioÌ„ for to builde the sayde colonie habytacioÌ„ vnto thre of theyr Citezeins to wyt Leontes Alcidas and Damagontes Who hauinge departed the quarters amonge them that were come inclosed the towne wyth walle on all sydes whiche at this presente is called Heracleus distante frome the mountes Thermopyles forty stades and wythin halfe a stade nygh to the sea And also they prepared and bygonne to make pierrs for to kepe shippes nygh to the Thermopyles and the deltreate therof for to be in greater suertye The Athenyans frome the begynnynge had some feare of that same newe cytye vnderstandyng that it had bene buylded foranempst the Isle of Eubee for that that there was a ryght small space of the sea to trauers fromthence vnto the towne of Cenee whiche is the sayde Isle of Eubee But yet it chauÌ„ced otherwyse than they loked for For they had no damage by meane that the Thessalenyens that ruled in that same countrey and they of the territorye for whome the cytie was buylded fearynge to haue neighbours more puissant than themselfe bigonne to vexe and trouble the newe Citezeins so that in contynuance the more parte were constrayned to habandone the place And wher as in the beginninge the cytie was strongly peopled for that that the people were gone thyder from all costes veray wyllyngly thinkinge that it shulde be a â—ure stable place beynge fonnded and builded by the Lacedemonyans yet in small tyme ther remayned but a small nomber of theÌ„ wher of the chiefest that those Lacedemonians had sente thyder was gretly in faulte aswell for that that they discouraged many of them as also for that they entreated them rudely in manye thynges wherby they were more easly vauyquisshed by theyr neyghbours Howe Demosthenes Duke of Athenians beinge bifore Leucade departed froÌ„ thence to come to make warre agaynste the Etholians And howe he was by them ouercome and some other thynges that were done by the Athenyans in Sycille ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter IN that same somer and durynge the tyme that the Athenyans were bifore Melus thirty shippes that wente saylling aboute the couÌ„trey of Peloponese came furste to lande nighe to Ellomene in the countrey of Leucade And there layde a lytle embusthement by meanes wherof they dyd take certayne of the men of warre that were there in garnisâ—n and afterwardes wyth all their armye came bifore the cytie of Leucade hauing all the Acarnanyans in their compaignie resarued those of Eniade those of zacynthe and those of zephalenie And they had moreouer fiftene shipps wyth Corcirians whyche altogider being in so greate puissance wasted and pillaged al the contrey and all the lande of Leucade aswell nighe as a farre of and chieflye the temple of Apollo whiche was ioygninge to the cytie And yet notwythstanding the cytezeins for the euyll that was done in their lande wold not issue fourthe but kepte themself sure wtin their cytie whyche seynge the Acarnanyans made great instance to Demosthenes duke of the Athenyans that he would assiege locke them in wyth walles Hoping that the towne might easely be takene And by that meane they shulde be in suertie for that the Leucadyans were their ancyent ennemys But Demosthenes who for that tyme gaue more creditt to the Messenyans was by theÌ„ perswaded to leue the enterpryse to go to make warre against the Etholiens hauing so great an armye aswell for that that they were mortall enemys of Naupacte as also for that that they sayde that in vainquisshinge and subdewynge the sayd Etholyens they shulde after reduce and bring easely all the remenaunt of the countrey of Epyre to the obeyssance of the Athenyans And although that the sayd Etholians were a great nomber of people good warryours yet it semed to the sayd Messenians that they might easely be vainquished aswell for that their townes were not closed wyth walles and also were farre distant the one from the other wherby they myght not easely succour the one the othere as also for that they were all ill armed and after the slightest manner And their aduise was that the Apadotes shulde be furst assaylled afterwardes the Ophioniens and consequently the Eurytanyens whyche is the greatest partie of Etholyens whyche be people in manner sauaige and wylde of manners and of language And they be commonly called Omophages whiche is asmuche to saye as eatynge rawe fleshe For hauynge subdued them there it semedde well that the othere myghte afterwardes be easely subdued To thys counsaille Demosthenes consented aswell for the credytte that he gaue to the Messenyans as also for that it semed well to hym that hauynge the Epirates with hym and the Etholyens he myghte wythoute othere armye of the Athenyans come by lande to warre against the Beotiens taking his waye through the contreys of Locres of Ozoles of Cytynyansâ— and by the quarter of Dorie whiche ys on the lefte hande of the mounte Parnasus and discendynge fromthence into the countrey of Phocyens who be ioygninge to the couÌ„trey of Beoce the which he hoped to induce intreate to geue hym passage and ayde for the auncyente amytie that they had wyth the Athenyans orels to constraigne them therunto by force Upon this enterpryse he than wythdrewe all his army froÌ„ bifore Leucade and went fromthence by sea in to Solye maulgre and agaynst the wyl of the Acarnanyens Unto whome hauinge coÌ„munycated and rehersed his enterprise and seinge that they allowed it not to be good but rather were angry agaynste him for that that he had not assieged Leucade he weÌ„t wythout them to his said enterpryse with the rest of his armye wherin were onely the Cephalenicus and the Messenyens with thre houÌ„dred Athenyans marroÌ„ners the he had in his shippes For yâ— .xv. shipys with the Corcyrians were already departed And he wente froÌ„ Oenone which is in the couÌ„trey of Locriens who were confedered with Ozoles were obliged and bounde to the AthenyaÌ„s to sarue them wyth their power whaÌ„ they shulde make warre in the countreys Mediterranie whiche succours semed to be muche vtile and profytable to that enterpryse for that that