Selected quad for the lemma: war_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	king_n	pope_n	venetian_n	2,159	5	11.1193	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29199	A just vindication of the Church of England, from the unjust aspersion of criminal schisme wherein the nature of criminal schisme, the divers sorts of schismaticks, the liberties and priviledges of national churches, the rights of sovereign magistrates, the tyranny, extortion and schisme of the Roman Communion of old, and at this very day, are manifested to the view of the world / by ... John Bramhall ...	Bramhall, John, 1594-1663.	1654 (1654)	Wing B4226; ESTC R18816	139,041	290

special Licence of the Senate Upon pain that the Lands so alienated should be sold and the money divided between the Common-Wealth the Magistrate executing the Law and the party prosecuting the processe Fourthly the Duke and the Senate had imprisoned an Abbat and a Canon for certain crimes whereof they stood convicted Paul the fifth resented these things very highly and commanded the Duke and Senate of Venice to abrogate these Lawes so prejudicial to the authority of the Pope to the rights of holy Church and to the priviledges of Ecclesiastical persons And to set their prisoners forthwith at liberty Or otherwise in case of disobedience he excommunicated the Duke and Senate and all their partakers And subjected the City of Venice and all the Dominions thereunto belonging to an interdict And moreover declared all the Lands and goods which either the City of Venice or any of the persons excommunicated did hold of the Church to be forfeited And lastly commanded all Ecclesiastical persons high and low upon their obedience to publish that Bull and to forbear to celebrate all divine offices according to the Interdict upon pains contained therein as also of suspension sequestration deprivation and incapacity to hold any Ecclesiastical preferments for the future But what did the Venetians whilest Paul the fifth thundered against them in this manner They maintained their Lawes they detained their prisoners They protested publickly before God and the world against the Popes Bull as unjust and void made withont reason against the Scriptures and the doctrine of the holy Fathers and the Canons of the Church to the high prejudice of the secular power with grievous and universal scandal They commanded all the Clergy within their Dominions to celebrate divine offices duly notwithstanding the Popes interdict And at the same time they published and licensed sundry other writings tending to the lessening of the Papal greatnesse and Jurisdiction of the Roman Court Sundry of which books were condemned by the Inquisition as containing in them many ●ings temerarious calumnious scandalous seditious schismaticall heretical and the reading and keeping of them was prohibited under pain of excommunication During this contestation the Duke of Venice died And the Pope prohibited the Venetians to proceed to the election of a new Duke The Senate notwithstanding the Popes Injunction or Inhibition proceed to the election The people are unanimous and resolute to defend their just liberties The Clergy celebrate divine Offices duly notwithstanding the Popes interdict Only one order with some few others adhered to the Pope and for their labour were banished out of the Venetian City and Territories The Pope called home his Legate from Venice The Venetians revoked their Ambassadours ordinary and extraordinary from Rome The Pope incited the King of Spain to make war against the Republick to reduce them to the obedience of the Church And the Venetians being aided by their Roman Catholick allies armed themselves for their own defence It is not unworthy of our observation what was the doctrine of the Venetian Preachers and Writers in those daies as it is summed up by an eye-witnesse and a great Actour in those affaires That God had constituted two Governments in the world the one spiritual the other temporal either of them Sovereign in their kind and independent the one upon the other That the care of the spiritual was committed to the Apostles and their Successours Not to Saint Peter as a single Apostle and his Successours alone either at Antioch or at Rome as if all the rest were but Delegates for term of life wherein they agreed justly with us that as each particular Bishop is the respective Head of his proper Church So Episcopacy or Saint Cyprian's unus Episcopatus the conjoynt body of Bishops is the Ecclesiastical head of the militant Church That the care of the temporal Government is committed to Sovereign Princes That these two cannot intrude the one into the office of the other That the Pope hath no power to a●null the Lawes of Princes in temporall things nor to deprive them of their Estates nor to free their Subjects from their allegiance That the attempt to depose Kings was but 520 years old contrary to Scriptures contrary to the examples of Christ and of the Saints That to teach that in case of controversie between the Pope and a Prince it is lawful to persecute him by treachery or force Or that his rebellious Subjects may purchase by it remission of sins is a seditious and sacrilegious doctrine That the exemption of Ecclesiastical persons and their goods from the secular power is not from the Law of God but from the piety of Princes sometimes more sometimes lesse according to the exigence of affair●s That Papal exemptions of the Clergy are in some places not received at all in other places but received in part And that they have no efficacy or validity further then they are received That notwithstanding any exemption Sovereigns have power over their persons and goods whensoever the necessity of the Common-wealth requires it That if any exemption whatsoever be abused to the disturbance of the publick tranquillity the Prince is obliged to provi●e remedy for it That the Pope ought not to hold himself infallible nor promise himself such divine assistance That the authority to bind and loose is to be understood clave non errante That when the Pope hath censured or excommunicated a Prince the Doctours may lawfully examine whether his key have erred or not And when the Prince is certified that the Censure against him or his Subjects is invalid he may and ought for the preservation of publick peace to hinder the execution thereof preserving his Rel●gion and convenient reverence to the Church That the excommunication of a multitude or a Prince that commands much people is pernicious and sacrilegious That the new name of blind obedience lately invented was unknown to the ancient Church and to all good Theologians destroyes the essence of virtue which is to work by certain knowledge and election exposeth to danger of offending God excuseth not the errours of a spiritual Prince and was apt to raise sedition as the experience of the last fourty years had manifested What conclusion would have followed from these premisses if they had been thoroughly pursued it were no difficult matter to determine It may perhaps be objected That the Venetian State had these priviledges granted to them by the Popes and Court of Rome And it is thus far true That they had five Bulls Two of Sixtus the fourth one of Innocent the eighth one of Alexander the sixth and the last of Paul the third But it is as true that none of these Bulls concerned any of the matters in debate but only the punishment of delinquent Clergy-men It hath been an old subtlety of the Popes that when the Emperours or Councels had granted any Ecclesiastical priviledge or honour to any person or Society which it was not

indowed being by provisions from Rome frequently conferred upon strangers which could not speak one word of English nor did ever tread upon English ground Insomuch that at one time there were so many Italians beneficed in England that they received more money yearly out of it then all the revenues of the Crown to the high disservice of Almighty God the great scandal of Religion the decay of hospitallity and the utter ruine of the English Church But the least share of their oppressions did not light upon the Bishops who by their dispensations and reservations of cases and of pensions and exemptions and inhibitions and visitations and tenths and first fruits and provisions and subsidiary helps were impoverished and disabled to do the duties of their function They take their aime much amisse who look upon Episcopacy as a branch of Popery or a device of the Bishop of Rome to advance his own greatnesse Whereas the contrary is most certain that the Pope is the greatest Impugner of Bishops and the Papacy it self sprung from the unjust usurpation of their just rights Let it be once admitted that Bishops are by divine right and instantly all his dispensations and reservations and exemptions and Indulgences and his Conclave of Cardinalls and the whole Court of Rome shrink to nothing This was clearly perceived by both parties in the ventilation of that famous question in the Councel of Trent concerning the divine right of Bishops proposed by the Almaines Polonians and Hungarians seconded bravely by the Spaniards prosecuted home by the French owned by the Archbishop of Paris as the doctrine of Sorbone and onely crossed by the Italian faction to preserve the glorie of their own country and the advantages which that nation doth reap from the Papacy By whose frowardnesse and prevarication in all probability the re-union of the Church and the universal peace of this part of Christendom in necessary Truths was hindred at that time I presume the case was not so very ill in forrain parts but yet ill enough Or otherwise St. Bernard would not have made so bold with Eugenius adding that if the daies were not evil he would speak many more things Why do you thrust your sickle into other mens harvest c. He complaines of the confusion of appeals how they were admitted contrary to law and right besides custom and order without any distinction of place or manner or time or cause or person He complaines further of the exemption of Abbats from their Bishops Bishops from their Archbishops Archbishops from their Primates And this he stiles Murmur communem querimoniam Ecclesiarum The murmuring and common complaint of the Churches Lastly they cheated and impoverished the people by their dispensations and commutations and pardons and indulgences and expeditions to recover the holy Land and Jubilees and pilgrimages and agnus Dei's and a thousand pecuniary Artifices So as no sort of men escaped their fingers The third ground of their separation from Rome was because they found by experience that such forreign Jurisdiction so exercised was destructive to the right ends of Ecclesiastical discipline which is in part to preserve publick peace and tranquillity to retein subjects in due obedience and to oblige people to do their duties more conscienciously Farre be it from any Christian to imagine that policy is the Spring-head of Religion There never was yet any one Nation so unpolitick and brutishly barbarous but they had some Religion or other they who obeyed no governors but their parents paid religious duties to some God they who wanted Clothes to their backs wanted not their sacred Ceremonies they who were without municipal Lawes were subject of themselves to the law of conscience But where Religion hath lost its influence and vigour by contempt and much more where the influence of Religion is malignant where Policy and Religion do not support one another but interfere one with another Societies are like Castles builded in the air without any firm foundation and cannot long endure like as that single Meteor Castor appearing without Pollux portends an unfortunate voyage Let us flatter our selves as much as we please said Tully to the Romans we have not overcome the Spaniards in Number nor the Galles in Force nor the Carthaginians in Craft nor the Grecians in Art nor the Italians in Vnderstanding but the advantage which we have gained over them was by Religious pi●ty So great an influence hath Religion upon the body Politique Wherefore our Ancestors having seen by long and costly experience that the tyrannical Jurisdiction of the Roman Court instead of peace and tranquillity did produce disunion in the Realm factions and animosities between the Crown and the Miter intestine discord between the King and his Barons bad intelligence with Neighbour-Princes and forreign Wars Having seen a stranger solicited by the Pope either to destroy them by War or to subdue them to the obedience of the Roman Court. Having seen their native Country given away as a prey to a forreign Prince Philip of France And the Pope well near seated in the Royal Chair of Estate for him and his successours for ever to the endlesse dishonour of the English name and Nation by the cheating tricks of Pandolphus his Legate having seen English Rebels canonized at Rome and made Saints it was no marvel if they thought it high time to free themselves from such a chargable and dangerous guest Fourthly besides the former bad influence of forreign Jurisdiction upon the body Politique they found sundry other inconveniences that incited them to separate from Rome They must have been daily subject to have had new Creeds and new Articles of faith obtruded upon them They must have been daily exposed to manifold and manifest peril of Idolatry and sinning against God and their own consciences They must have forsaken the Communion of three parts of Christendom which are not Roman to joyn with the fourth They must have approved the Popes apparent rebellion against the supream Ecclesiastical power that is a general Councel And their Bishops must have sworn to maintain him in these his rebellious usurpations whether they should prefer their native and Christian liberty or give them up for nothing whether they should preserve their Communion with the Catholique Church or with the Court of Rome whether they should desert the Pope or involve themselves in Rebellion Schisme Sacriledge and Perjury the choice was soon made Lastly they see that the Popes had disclaimed all that just power which they had by humane right and challenged to themselves a spiritual Monarchy or Sovereignty by divine right whereby their sufferings which in themselves were unsupportable were made also irremediable from thence Wherefore they sought out a fit expedient for themselves being neither ignorant of their old Britannick exemption and liberties of the English Church nor yet of the weaknesse of the Roman pretences Our progenitors knew well enough that their authority extended not to take away

the Popes sentence should be torn in pieces in the great Hall of the Court at Brussels by the door-keeper condemning and abolishing the memory thereof for ever Thus all Christendom do joyn unanimously in this truth that not the Court of Rome bu● their own Sovereigns in their Councels are the last Judges of their National liberties and priviledges I passe from Spain to Portugal where the King and Kingdom either are at this present time or very lately were very much unsatisfied with the Pope And all about their ancient customes and essential rights of the Crown As the nomination of their own Bishops without which condition they tell the Pope plainly that they neither can nor ought to receive them That if others then the Sovereign Prince have the naming of them then suspected persons may be intruded and the Realm can have no security That it is the opinion of all good men and the judgement of most learned men that herein the Pope doth most grievously derogate from the right of the Crown That it is done in favour of the King of Castile lest he should either revolt from his obedience to the Pope or make war against him And that if provision be made contrary to justice for the private interests of the Roman Court Christs right is betrayed They advise the Pope to let the world know that he hath care of souls and leaves temporal things to Princes That if he persist to change the custome of the Church to the prejudice of Portugal Portugal may and ought to preserve its right And that if he love Castile more then Portugal Portugal is not obliged to obey him more then Castile There are other differences likewise as namely about the imprisoning of some Prelates for Treason to which they make this plea that the Law doth warrant it That Ecclesiastical immunities are not opposite to natural defence That it is he that hurts his Countrey who hurts his own immunity A third difference was about the Kings intermedling in the controversies of religious persons To which they answer that the protection of the Prince is not a violation but a defence of the rights of the Church That it is the duty of Catholick Princes to see regular discipline be observed The fourth difference is about taxes imposed upon Ecclesiastical persons and the taking up the revenues of Bishopricks in the vacancy to which they give this satisfaction that all orders of men are obliged in justice to contribute to the common defence of the Kingdom and their own necessary protection And that the revenues of the vacant Bishopricks could not be better deposited and conserved then when they are imployed by the Prince for the publick benefit cum onere restituendi In summe they wish the Pope over and over again to consider seriously the danger of these courses now when Heresie shewes it self with such confidence throughout Europe That the minds of men are inclined to suspected opinions That St. Peters ship which hath often been in danger in a Calme Sea ought not to be opposed to the violent course of just complainers who think themselves forsaken That the Chu●ch of Rome hath lost many kingdoms which have withdrawn their obedience and reverential respect from it for much lesser reasons That they had learned with grief by their last repulse that their submissions and iterated supplications had prejudiced their right That the Kings Ambassadour the Clergies messenger the Agent from the three orders of the Kingdom had found nothing at Rome from two Popes but neglects affronts and repulses And lastly for a farewell that Portugal and all the Provinces that belong unto it in Europe Asia Africa and America is more then one single sheep Which is as much as if they should tell him in plain down right terms that if he lose it by his own fault he loseth one of the fairest flowers in his Garland What the issue of this will be God onely knowes and time must discover I will conclude this point with the answer of the University of Lisbone to certain questions or demands moved unto them by the States or Orders of Portugal The first question was whether in case there were no recourse to the Pope the King of Portugal might permit the consecration of Bishops without the Pope in his Kingdom To which their answer was affirmative that he might do it because Episcopacy was of divine right but the reservation of the Popes approbation was of humane right which doth not bind in extreme nor in very great necessity The second question whether there was extreme necessity of consecrating new Bishops in Portugal Their answer was affirmative that there was because there was but one Bishop left in Portugal and six and twenty wanting in the rest of the Kings dominions The third question was whether Portugal had then recourse to the Pope for his approbation The answer was Negative that they had not first because the Castilians had attempted to slay their Ambassadour● before the eyes of Vrban the 8th and Innocent the 10th So there was no safe recourse And secondly because their Ambassadour could uot prevail with the Pope in nine years by all their solicitations So there was no hope to obtain The fourth question was whether the permission of this were scandalous The answer was Negative that it was not first because it was a greater scandal to want Bishops Secondly because the King had used all due means to obtain the Popes approbation Thirdly because it was done out of extreme necessity The fifth and last question was how Bishops were to be provided They answered that it was to be done according to Law by the election of the respective Chapters and by the presentation of the King as it was of old in Spain and Portugal and was still observed in Germany and elsewhere From Spain and Portugal it is now high time to passe over into Italy where we meet with the Republick of Venice obliged in some sort to the Papacy for that honour and grandeur and profit and advantage which the Italian Nation doth reape from it Yet have not they wanted their discontents and differences and disputes with the Court of Rome The Republick of Venice had made several Lawes As first that no Ecclesiastical person should make any claime or pretence to any bona Emphyteutica as the Lawyers call them that is waste lands that had been planted and improved by the great Charge and industry and good Culture of the Fee-farmers which were possessed by the Laity Secondly that no person whatsoever within their dominions should found any Church Monastery Hospital or other religious house without the special licence of the State upon pain of imprisonmeut and banishment and confiscation of the soile and buildings Thirdly that none of their subjects should alienate any Lands to the Church or in favour of any Ecclesiastical persons secular or Regular without the