Emperours Ambassadours two yeeres since and that still they desired a lawfull Councell as they were sure that all godly men did and that they would goe to it as many times hath beene determined in the Imperiall Diets But for the Councell which the Pope hath appointed to bee in Mantua they hoped that the Emperour would not breake the decrees of the Diet nor his owne promises so often made vnto them that the Councell should bee celebrated in Germany and that they saw not how there could bee any danger there seeing that all the Princes and Cities obey the Emperour and are so well gouerned that all strangers are receiued and entertained with all humanity But that the Pope should prouide for the securitie of those that went to the Councel they could not see how especiall considering what things haue happened in the precedent age That the Christian Commonwealth hath neede of a godly and free Councell and that to such a one they haue appealed And whereas the Nuncio sayd that they ought not to treat of the manner and forme first it signified nothing but that there should bee no libertie and that all should bee referred to the Popes power who already hauing so often condemned their religion the Councell cannot bee free if hee shall bee Iudge That the Councell is not the tribunall of the Pope and Priests onely but of all the orders of the Church not excluding the Seculars That to preferre the Popes power before the authoritie of the whole Church is an vniust and tyrannicall opinion That the Pope defending the opinion of his owne men yea with cruell edicts making himselfe a party to the cause it is iust that the manner and forme of the processe should bee determined by the Princes The Kings of England and France sent Ambassadours to the assembly of The King of England and the French King send Ambassadors to Smalcalda Francis Sforza dieth Smalcalda the French King who had a disseigne to make warre in Italy Francis Sforza Duke of Milan beeing now dead desired them not to accept of any place for the Councel without the aduise of him and of the King of England and that they would accept of none without them The King of England aduised them to be aware that they called not such a Councel where in stead of moderating the abuse they should more establish the Popes authority and desired them to approoue his diuorce On the other side they dealt with him to receiue the Augustan confession Which things being treated of in diuers assemblies had no conclusion at all But Vergerius in the beginning of the yeere 1536. returned to the Pope to 1536 relate the effect of his Ambassage Hee deliuered in summe that the Protestants 1536 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. would not receiue any Councell except it were free and in a fitte place within the confines of the Empire grounding themselues vpon the Emperours promise and that of Luther and his complices there was no hope at all nor any other way to be thought of but to oppresse them with warre Vergerius for his reward had the Bishopricke of Capo d'Istria his owne Countrey and was sent by the Pope to Naples to make the same relation to the Vergerius returneth and deliueceth to the Pope the effect of his negotiation He is rewarded and sent to the Emperour Emperour who hauing beene victorious in Africa was passed into the kingdome to settle the affaires thereof The Emperour hearing the narration of the Nuncio went to Rome Hee had priuate conference with the Pope concerning the affaires of Italy and the pacification of Germanie The Pope according to Vergerius counsell said there was no meanes to bee vsed but warre But the Emperor seeing the time not ripe as yet to reape from thence The Emperour goeth to Rome to conferre with the Pope that good fruit as others were perswaded he might and himselfe also intangled in Italy without possibility of being free but by yeelding Milan which he resolued by all meanes to make his owne whither all his actions did principally tend alleaged for a reason to deferre that warre that it was more necessary to defend Milan from the French men On the other side the Pope whose thoughts were wholly bent to make an Italian Lord of that State and therefore proposed the warre of Germanie not so much to suppresse the Lutherans as hee said openly as to diuert Caesar from possessing Milan which was his principall end though secret replyed that himselfe and the Venetians what by armes and what by treaties would more easily make the King desist in case his Imperiall Maiestie did not meddle The Emperour hauing discouered the inward thoughts of the Pope The Pope and Emperor haue contrary ends and dissemble one with another with as much dissimulation made shew hee was perswaded and inclined to the warre of Germanie yet hee said that it was fit to iustifie the cause well that the whole world might not be against him and to shew by intimating a Councell that hee had first vsed all other meanes The Pope was not sory that being necessarily to intimate a Synode it should be done in a time when in regard the French King had inuaded Sauoy and Piemont all Italy would bee set on fire with warre whereby an apparent pretence was giuen him to enuiron the Councell with armes vnder colour of custody and protection He The Emperor is puffed vp with the African victorie shewed himselfe to bee contented so that such conditions were set downe which might not derogate from the authority and reputation of the Apostolique Sea The Emperour who by reason of the victory atchieued in Africa was lifted vp in minde and swollen with vast thoughts beleeued hee should make an end of the warre in Lombardy within two yeeres at the most and that hauing immured the King of France beyond the mountaines hee might apply himselfe to the affaires of Germany without any impediment His meaning was the Councell should serue him for two things First to bridle the Pope in case during the warre of Italy hee should according to the custome of other Popes put himselfe on the French side when that should bee the weaker to counterpoise him that was victorious Secondly to reduce Germany to his obedience which was the marke he shot at But for the Popes obedience hee esteemed it but an accidentall thing For the place Mantua pleased him and for the rest hee cared not what condition the Pope might adde considering that when the Councell were assembled he should be able to change whatsoeuer pleased him not Therefore he concluded that he was contented with any condition so that the Councell might bee celebrated alledging that he hoped to perswade almost all Germanie to consent vnto it Wherefore the resolution was established by the Pope and the whole colledge of Cardinals A resolution established for calling the Councell Therefore the Emperour entering into the publike
controuersie in religion betweene Zuric Berne and Basil on the one side and the Popish Cantons on the other was often composed by the mediation of diuers yet at that time the hatred was so great between them and new causes of distasts arising daily the contentions were often renewed And this yeere they were greatest of all those of Zuric and Berne attempting to hinder the victualling of fiue Cantons which caused both parties to arme With those of Zuric Zuinglius tooke armes though his friendes perswaded him to remaine at home and leaue that charge to others Whereunto he would by no meanes yeeld that 1532 CLEMENT 7. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. he might not seeme to incourage the people in the Church onely and forsake them in time of danger The eleuenth of October they came to a set battell in which those of Zuric had the worst and Zuinglius was slaine for which the Catholikes more reioyced then for the victory They did diuers disgraces to the corps and the death of that man was the chiefest cause of Whose death caused a composition betweene the Cantons a new composition betweene them both the parties retaining their owne religion The fiue Catholike Cantons assured themselues that hee being remoued who by his Sermons changed religion in the Countrey all would returne to the old In which hope they were confirmed the more because And maketh Ecolampadius die with griefe Ecolampadius a Minister in Basil of the same opinion with Zuinglius dyed within a few daies after with griefe for the losse of his friend the Catholikes attributing the death both of the one and the other to the prouidence of God who compassionating the Heluetians had punished and taken away the Authors of their discord Surely it is a pious and religious thought to attribute the disposition of euery euent to the prouidence of God but to determine to what end those euents are directed by that high Wisedom is not farre from presumption Men are so straightly and religiously wedded to their owne opinions that they are perswaded that God loueth and fauoureth them as much as themselues But the things that happened afterwards shewed that the Cantons called Gospellers made greater progresse in the doctrine receiued after the death of these two a manifest Argument that it came from a higher cause then the labours of Zuinglius An agreement betweene the Protestants and the others was negotiated 1532 in Germanie by the Electors of Ments and the Palatine and many writings An agreement betweene the Protestants and the Catholikes was negotiated but could not be effected were made and changed because they gaue not full satisfaction to either of the parties This made the Emperour resolue that a Councell was exceeding necessary and hauing imparted his opinion to the French King he sent one to Rome by post to treat thereof with the Pope and Colledge of Cardinalls The Emperour made none account of the place prescribed nor of any other special condition in case Germany were so satisfied that the Protestants would The Emperor doth seriously negotiate a Councell be present and submit themselues which satisfaction the King also thought to be iust and offered to ioyne with him The Ambassage was deliuered to the Pope in these tearmes that the Emperor hauing vsed all means to reunite the Protestants to the Church by imploying authority threats treaties and iustice also nothing now remaining but either warre or a Councell in regard he could not take armes by reason of the Turkes preparations against him he was constrained to take the other resolution and therefore did beseech his Holinesse that imitating his Predecessours hee would bee content to graunt a Councell whereunto the Protestants would submit themselues without difficultie hauing offered diuers times to stand to the determination of one that is free in which the Iudges might bee men without partialitie The Pope who by no meanes would haue a Councell hearing the request and not being able to giue a plaine negatiue made a grant but so as The Pope consenteth to the Councell vpon such a condition as hee knew would not bee accepted that hee knew it would not bee accepted For the place hee proposed one of the Cities of the Churches State naming Bolonia Parma Piacenza cities capable to receiue and feed a multitude healthfull with a large territory round about whither the Protestants ought not to make difficultie to got because they should bee heard vnto whom hee would giue a full and ample safe conduct and himselfe would be there in person that euery thing might bee handled with Christian peace and no man wronged That hee could by no meanes consent to celebrate it in Germanie because Italie would not indure to be neglected and Spaine and France who in Ecclesiasticall matters yeeld vnto Italie for the prerogatiue of the Papacie which is proper vnto it would not giue place vnto Germanie and the authoritie of that Councell would bee little esteemed where onely Duch-men were present and some few of another nation For vndoubtedly the Italians French-men and Spaniards would not bee induced to goe thither The medicine is not in the power of the sicke but of the Physitian Therefore Germanie corrupted with the multiplicitie and varietie of opinions could not giue right iudgement in this subiect as Italie France and Spaine which are vncorrupted as yet and wholly perseuere in subiection to the Apostolicall Sea which is mother and mistris of all Christians For the manner of defining things in the Councell the Pope said there needed no words because no difficultie could arise therein except they would make a new forme of a Councell neuer vsed in the Church That it was manifest that none had voice in a Councell by right of the Canon but Bishops and Abbats by custome and some others by the Popes priuiledge the others that desire to bee heard ought to submit themselues to the determination of these euery Decree being made in the name of the Synod if the Pope bee not present in person but when hee is there euery Decree passeth vnder his name onely with the approbation of the Fathers of the Synod The Cardinals likewise spake in the same key The Cardinals will not beleeue that a Councell is necessary but alwayes interposed some reason to shew that a Councell was not necessarie so long as the determination of Leo stood in force which being executed all would be remedied and hee that will not referre himselfe to the determination of the Pope especially accompanied with the counsell of the Cardinals will much more despise all Conciliarie Decrees That it was manifest that the Protestants call not a Councell but onely to gaine time and to hinder the execution of the Edict of Wormes For they well know that the Councell cannot choose but approoue that which Leo hath determined except they would bee a conuenticle or vnlawfull assembly as all those bee who haue separated themselues from the doctrine and
and punishments against poore innocent people who adhere to that religion for conscience sake And how shall they be able to accuse the Pope and his followers when himselfe will be iudge And to appoue his Briefe is nothing else but to consent to their owne condemnation And therefore that they haue alwayes demanded a free and Christian Councel not onely that euery man may freely speake the Turkes and infidels being excluded but that those that are linked together by oathes and other Couenants may not bee Iudges and that the word of God may gouerne and define all the controuersies That they well know that there are learned and godly men in other Nations but withall they assure themselues that if the vnlimited power of the Pope shall be moderated not their Diuines onely but many others who now by reason of oppression hide themselues will labour for reformation of the Church That they will not dispute of the situation and fitnesse of Mantua but they may well say that so long as there is warre in Italie they cannot want matter of suspition That it is sufficient to say of the Duke of that Citie that he hath a brother a Cardinall one of the prime men of the Court. That in Germany there are many Cities as commodious as Mantua where Iustice and equitie doe flourish and in Germanie those secret wiles to take away mens liues are neither vsed nor knowne as they are in other places That in the ancient Councels the securenesse of the place hath euer been first sought for which would not be sufficient there though hee the Emperour were personally present in the Councell For it is knowne that the Popes grant him place in consultations but for power of determining they reserue it to themselues onely That it was knowne what happened to the Emperour Sigismond in the Councell of Constance whose safe-conduct was violated by the Synod and himselfe constrained to put vp so great an affront Therefore they prayed his Maiestie to consider the importance of these reasons There appeared in this same Diet the Bishop of Aix sent by the Pope to inuite them to the Councell But hee did no good and some of the Princes Some of the Protestant Princes would not so much as heare thé Popes Nuncio would not so much as heare him And to make their reasons knowne to the world they printed and published a writing where they laboured principally to answere that obiection that they would not submit themselues to any Iudge that they despised other nations that they refused the supreame They iustifie their actions to the world by writing tribunall of the Church that they had renewed heresies formerly condemned that they were glad of ciuill discords that the faults which they found in the manners of the Court of Rome were small and tolerable They alleadged the causes why it was not fit that the Pope alone nor yet together with his adherents should be iudge they brought the examples of many Councels refused by diuers of the Fathers and in fine implored the ayde of all Princes offering that whensoeuer a lawfull Councell shall bee called they will therein defend their cause and render an account of all their actions They sent also an expresse Ambassadour to the French King to giue him a particular account of the same things who answered that for the Councell he was of their opinion not to approoue it except it were lawfull and in a secure place assuring them that his sonne in-law the King of Scotland was of the same mind The Duke of Mantua to gratifie the Pope granted his Citie for the Councell without considering what he did thinking as others that it could not The Duke of Mantua maketh a grant of his Citie and afterwards recalleth it be effected there being warres betweene the Emperour and French King and Germany opposing it for whose sake it was called But when hee saw the intimation he began to thinke how to secure the place and sent a proposition to the Pope that in regard of the great number of those that would come to the Councel there was need of a great garrison which he would not haue depend vpon any but himselfe and that hee was not able to maintaine it Therefore in case his Holinesse would celebrate the Councell in that Citie he must allow him money for soldiers pay The Pope answered that the multitude would not consist of men of armes nor professed for the war but of Ecclesiasticall and learned persons which one magistrate whom hee would depute to render iustice with a small court and gard was able to keepe in order that a garrison of souldiers would breed a generall suspicion and became not the place of the Councell where all should appeare and bee truely peaceable and that in case a garrison were necessary it were not reasonable to put it into the hands of any but of the Councel it self that is of the Pope who is head thereof The Duke considering that iurisdiction draweth The Pope claymeth right to administer iustice where the Councell shall be celebrated with it absolute soueraigntie replyed that by no meanes hee would haue iustice administred in his Citie but by his owne officers The Pope a very wiseman who seldome receiued any answere which hee did not foresee was much amazed and answered the Dukes man that hee would neuer haue beleeued that by his Lord a Prince of Italy whose family hath beene so much aduanced by the Apostolicall Sea who had a brother a Cardinall that would bee denied him of which neuer any made doubt before which the Law of God and man doth giue him which the very Lutherans cannot denie that is to be supreame iudge of the Clergie a thing which the Duke denieth not to his owne Bishops to iudge the causes of Priests in Mantua That in the Councel none should be present but the Ecclesiastiques who are exempted from the secular power both themselues and their families Which Priests concubines are of Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction is so cleere that the Doctors of Diuinitie affirme that the very concubines of Priests are of Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction and yet he would denie him a Magistrate to render iustice to those men during the time of the Councell The Duke for all this was constant aswell in refusing the Popes Magistrates as also in demaunding pay for souldiers These conditions seeming hard to the Pope contrary as he sayd to the auncient custome and against the dignity The Pope resolueth not to call the Councel at Mantua of the Sea and Ecclesiasticall libertie he would not yeeld vnto them and resolued not to call the Councell at Mantua He remembred very well what happened to Iohn 23. for calling a Councell where another was stronger then hee His purpose therefore was to prolong the time and excused himselfe in a publique Bull saying in substance that though with griefe hee was constrained to depute an other place for the Synod yet hee endured it with
patience because another was in fault and not himselfe and because hee could not resolue so suddenly vpon a conuenient Citie hee deserred the celebration thereof vntill the first of Nouember the same yeere At that time the King of England published a manifest in his owne name and of his nobilitie against the Popes Conuocation as by a person that had no power in a time when Italie was set a fire with warre and in a place not secure adding that hee much desired a Christian Councell but that to The King of England opposeth the Councel by a publique manifest the Popes he would neither goe nor send Ambassadours hauing nothing to doe with the Bishop of Rome or his Edicts more then with the edicts of any other Bishop That the auncient Councels were called by the authoritie of Kings which custome ought now the rather to be renewed because the defect of the Court of Rome are called into question That it was not vsuall with Popes to breake their faith which himselfe had more cause to consider then others beeing most bitterly hated by him for hauing denyed him authoritie in his Kingdome and the reuenew which was payd him That to blame the Prince of Mantua because hee will not receiue so many people into his Citie without a garrison is to mocke the world as also to prorogue the Councel vnto Nouember not saying in what place it shall be celebrated And if the Pope choose the place without doubt it will be in his owne State or of some Prince that is obliged to him Therefore it being impossible that any man of iudgement should hope for a true Councel the best way was for euery Prince to reforme Religion at home concluding in the end that if any man could giue him better directions hee would not refuse to follow them The care of reforming the Court was committed to 4. Cardinals but nothing was done which made the Italians suspect the Popes actions In Italy also there was a generall disposition to interpret the Popes actions in the worser sense and it was spoken freely that though the Duke of Mantua were blamed yet he was not the cause why the Councell was not called whereof there was a manifest argument because the Pope had published a Bull for reformation of the Court and committed the care thereof to foure Cardinals at the same time which notwithstanding was buried in silence though neither the Duke nor any bodie else hindered it from beeing in his power and hauing proposed it immediately after it was assumed to the Papacie it was not so much as spoken of for three yeeres after The The reformation is set on foot againe Pope to withstand these defamations resolued to set the businesse on foote againe first reforming himselfe the Cardinals and the Court that none might obiect against him nor make bad construction of his actions and he elected foure Cardinals and fiue other Prelates whom he so much esteemed that the yeere following hee made foure of them Cardinals giuing charge to those nine to collect the abuses which deserued amendment and withall to adde the remedies by which they might quickly and easily be remooued and to reduce all to a good reformation The Prelates made the collection as the Pope commanded and committed it to writing The fountainâ— of the abuses of the Court. In the beginning they proposed for the fountaine and source of all the abuses the Popes readinesse in giuing eare to flatterers and his facility in dispensing with Lawes with neglect of the Commandement of Christ not to receiue gaine for spirituall things And descending to particulars they noted twenty foure abuses in the administration of Ecclesiasticall matters and foure in the speciall gouernment of Rome they touched the ordination of The particular abuses Cleargie men Collation of Benefices Pensions Permutations Regresses 1538 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. Reseruations Pluralitie of Benefices Commendoes Exemptions deformation of the regular order ignorance of Preachers and Confessors libertie of printing pernicious Bookes the reading of them toleration of Apostates Pardoners And Passing to dispensations first they touched that for mariage of those that are in orders for marriages in degrees forbidden dispensations granted to Symoniacall persons facilitie of graunting Confessionals and Indulgences dispensation of vowes licence to bequeath by will the Church-goods commutation of wils and testaments toleration of harlots negligence of the gouernement of hospitals and such other things which they exactly handled expounding the nature of the abuses the causes and originall of them the consequences of the euils which they carry with them the meanes to redresse them and to keepe hence forward the body of These things are set downe at large in the 12. Booke of Sleidan the Court in Christian life a worke worthy to be read and which deserued to be set downe word by word if it had not beene too long The Pope hauing receiued the relation of these Prelats caused many Cardinals to consider of it and after that he might resolue what to doe proposed it in the Consistory Fryar Nicholas Scomberg a Dominican Cardinall of S. Sistus alias of Capua shewed in a long discourse that that time comported The Cudinall of S. Sistus would haue no reformaton at al made not any reformation at all First hee put them in mind of the malice of man which being stopped in one course findeth a worse and that it is better to tolerate a knowen euill which because it is in vse is not so much marueyled at then by redressing that to fall into another which being new will appeare greater and be more reprehended Hee added that it would giue occasion to the Lutherans to bragge that they had inforced the Pope to make that reformation and aboue all he considered that it would bee a beginning to take away not onely the abuses but the good vses also and to endanger the whole state of religion For by the reformation it would be confessed that the things prouided against were deseruedly reprehended by the Lutherans which would be a great abetting to their whole Cardinall Caraffa desireth the reformation doctrine On the other side Iohn Peter Caraffa Cardinal Theatino shewed that the reformation was necessarie and that it was a great offence to God to leaue it and answered that it was a rule in Christian actions that as euill is not to be done that good may follow so no good of obligation is to be omitted for feare that euill may ensue The opinions deliuered were diuers The Pope comandeth the remonstrance of the Prelats to be concealed but a copie of it is sent into Germany by Cardinall Scomberg The King of Denmarke becommeth a Protestant and the finall conclusion was not to speake any more of it vntill another time and the Pope commanded that the remonstrance of the Prelats should be concealed But Cardinall Scomberg sent a copie thereof into Germanie which some thought was done
laboured to incite the Pope against him and to haue money from him for the warre The Pope seruing himselfe vpon this occasion was wholy set vpon the gaining The Pope seeketh to gaine Milan of Milan for his Nephewes wherein hee was assisted by Margarite bastard daughter to the Emperour married to Octauius Farnese the Popes Nephew and in that respect made Dutchesse of Camerino The Pope promised the Emperour to combine with him against the French King to make many Cardinals of his nomination to pay him for some yeeres 150000. crownes leauing also in his hands the Castles of Milan and Cremona But because the Imperialists required a million of ducats for the present and another million vpon short dayes of payment nothing could bee concluded and in regard the Emperour could not longer tarrie it was agreed to continue the treatie by meanes of the Popes Ministers who should follow the Emperour Caesar shewed he was satisfied with the Councell that by the sending of Legats and assistance of those few Prelats the Catholiques of Germany at the least had knowen his ready mind and because the impediments might be imputed to the French King he concluded that the remedie He mistrustes the Emperour and turneth to the French King was not to be thought vpon vntill it did appeare how the warre proceeded They parted with great demonstrations of mutuall satisfaction yet the Pope mistrusted the Emperour and from that time turned his mind toward the French King But while he was thus doubtfull the league betweene the Emperour and the King of England against France was published which constrained the Pope wholly to alienate himselfe from him For hee saw how much that league preiudiced his authoritie being contracted with one excommunicated anathematized by him cursed destinated to eternall damnation a schismatique depriued of his Kingdome and dominions whose confederation A league betweene the Emperour and King of England made with whom soeuer was void against whom also all Christians Princes were bound by his commandement to take armes and which most imported that still remaining more contumacious and openly despising his authoritie The Pope was much offended with the league this euidently shewed to the world that the Emperour bare no respect vnto him neither spirituall nor temporall and gaue example to all to make no account of his authoritie And the affront seemed to him the greater because Clement who might easily haue temporized in that cause to please the Emperour and for his interests had proceeded against that King who otherwise was well affected and deserued well of the Apostolike Sea To weigh downe these offences the Pope put in the other ballance that the French King had made so many lawes and edicts before named to preserue religion and his authoritie Vnto which was added that the Parisian Diuines the first of August assembling the people by the sound of a Trumpet published fiue and twentie heads of Christian doctrine proposing the bare conclusions and determinations without adding reasons perswasions or grounds but onely prescribing as it were by authoritie what they would haue beleeued which were printed and sent through all France confirmed by the Kings letters vnder most grieuous punishments against whosoeuer spake or taught other wise with another new Decree to make inquisition against the Lutherans These things the rather pleased the Pope because he knew the King did them not so much for the reason related before that is to iustifie himselfe to the world that hee made not warre with the Emperour to fauour the Lutherans doctrine nor to hinder their extirpation but principally to please him and for reuerence of the Apostolicall Sea But the Emperour knowing the Popes complaints answered that the The Emperors answere to the Popes complaints French King hauing made a League with the Turke to the preiudice of Christians as the siege of Nizza in Prouence made by the Ottoman Armie guided by Polinus the Kings Abassadour and the spoiles taken in the riuers of the Kingdome well shewed it was lawfull for him to vse for his defence the helpe of the King of England a Christian though he acknowledge not the Pope as also by the same Popes leaue himselfe and Ferdinand vsed the assistance of the Protestants more auerse from the Apostolike Sea then that King that the Pope vnderstanding the League of the French King with the Turke should haue proceeded against him But hee saw well what difference was made For the Turkisharmie which had so much damnified all the Christians wheresoeuer it went passed friendly by the Popes riuers yea going to Ostia to take in the fresh water on S. Peters day at night for which all Rome was in confusion the Cardinall of Carpi who commanded in the Popes name that was absent put them out of feare being secure by the intelligence which he had with the Turkes The warre and these complaints put to silence the treaties about the 1544 PAVL 3. 〈◊〉 CHARLES 〈◊〉 HENRY 〈…〉 FRANCIS 〈◊〉 councel for this yeere which the next 1544 returned into the field began in the Diet of Spira where the Emperour rehearsing the paines which he formerly took to remedy the discords in religion finally the care diligence vsed in Ratisbon be put them in mind how it not being then possible to compose the controuersies all was finally referred to a general or National Councel 1544. The treaty a 〈…〉 both the Couâ—cell began againe in the Diet of 〈…〉 or a Diet and that afterwardes the Pope at his instance had intimated the Councel where himself resolued to be in person would haue performed it if the war of France had not hundered him But now in regard the discord in religion remaineth the same is accompained with the same inconueniences it is not time to deferre the remedy any longer for which he gaue order they should consider and propose to him what way they thought to be best The businesse of religion was much considered on But because the affayres of the warre pressed them more it was referred to the Diet which was to bee celebrated in December and in the meane space a Decree was made that the Emperour should giue charge to some honest and learned men to write a forme of reformation and that all the Princes should doe the same that all being conferred together that might bee determined in the Diet by common consent which was to be obserued vntil the future generall Councell to be held in Germany or vntill a Nationall In the meane space that all should remaine in peace without raising any tumult for Religion and the Churches of the one and the other should enioy their goods This Recesse did not generally please the Catholikes but some of them because they inclined to the Protestants opinion approoued this middle way Those that were not contented seeing their number to be small resolue to endure it But the warre went on still and the Popes disdaine conceiued for the league with
therefore that hee will lodge in the Confines of the Empire 〈…〉 hee can And hee admonisheth the Electors Princes and States of the Empire especially the Ecclesiastiques and those who haue made innouation in Religion that they prepare to bee there well instructed that they may bee inexcusable himselfe taking care that all shall passe lawfully and in order and that euery thing bee handled piously and Christianly according to the holy Scripture and doctrine of the Fathers And for the transgression of the Decrees of the Inter-religion and Reformation being assured that it was impossible to ouercome the difficulties and that as o 〈…〉 o things grew worse to the end that greater confusion may not arise hee calleth vnto him the cognition of the transgressions post yet enioyning the Princes and orders of the Empire to obseruance hereafter The world seeing this Decree thought it as it was a iust counterpoise Which seemeth to bee a counterpoise to the Popes Bull. of the Popes Bull in all parts The one will direct Councels the other will take care that all bee done in order and iuridically the one will preside and the other will haue the decision according to the Scripture and the Fathers the one will continuate and the other will haue power giuen to euery one to propose according to his conscience In summe the Court could not digest this affront and complained that it was another Conuocation of the Councell But the Pope according to his vsuall pleasanthesse sayd the Emperour hath been euen with mee for the publication of the Bull made without him The yeere 1551. being begun the Pope applying himselfe to the Councell intimated had two principall ayes to send trustie persons to preside 1551 and to bee at as little charge as was possible To auoyde charge hee The Presidents of the Councell are named thought to send but one Legate but that was too great a burthen for one because there would bee none who had the same interests on whom hee might safely relie and because hee should bee esteemed the onely authour of whatsoeuer was done For which respects it was necessary to lay the burden on more mens shoulders The Pope found a middle way to send one Legate and two Nuncij with equall authoritie thinking that so hee should bee better serued because hope maketh men more diligent Casting his eye on all the Cardinalls hee found none more trustie and withall more worthy then Marcellus Crescentius Cardinall of S. Marcellus to whom hee ioyned for Nuncij Sebastianus Pigbinus Archbishop of Siponto and Aloisius Lipomannus Bishop of Verona of the former hee made choyce for the great confidence hee had in him before his Papacy of the other for the fome of his great pietie goodnesse and loyalty Hauing had many secret parlies with these three and opened veto them the sinceritie of his heart and instructed them fully hee gaue them an ample Mandate to be present in the Councell in his name the tenor whereof was It belongeth to the father of a family to substitute others to doe that The tenor of their Mandat which hee cannot commodiously doe himselfe Therefore hauing reduced to Trent the Generall Councel intimated by Paul hoping that the Kings and Princes would affoord their fauour and assistance hee cited the Prelates who vsually haue voyce therein to bee there the first of May to resume the Councel in the state it was But not beeing able to bee personally present according to his desire in respect of his old age and other impediments that his absence might not bee an hinderance he appointeth Marcellus a zealous wise and learned Cardinall for Legate and the Bishops of Siponto and Verona famous for knowledge and experience as Nuncij with speciall Mandate and fit clauses Sending them as Angels of peace giuing them authoritie to resume direct and prosecute the Councell and to doe all things meete and necessary according to the tenor of his and his predecessours letters of the Conuocation The Emperour whom the Councel did more The Emperor giueth a safe conduct to the Protestants concerne holding it to be the onely meanes to make himselfe absolute Master of Germanie send a safe conduct in an ample forme to all the Protestant Orders of that Empire for themselues their Ambassadours and Diuines But while these foundations were layd in Rome and Ausburg to build the Councell of Trent vpon them webs were spunne in other places which obscured The Pope restoreth Parma to Octauius Farnese the dignitie and authoritie of that Synode and Engines were framed which did shake and dissolue it The Pope immediately after his assumption to preforme what he had promised in the Conclaue restored Parma to Octauius Farnese which the Pope had taken into his hands in the name of the Church and assigned to him two thousand crownes a moneth to defend it Octauius in regard of the enmitie of Ferrante Conzaga Vice-Duke of Milan and of many arguments which he had that the Emperour meant to be Lord of that Citie the Pope also hauing taken from him the prouision of two thousand crownes doubting that hee was not able to defend it with his owne forces treated with the Pope by his brother the Cardinall either to assist him or giue him leaue to prouide for himselfe by the protection of some other Prince able to maintaine him against the Emperour The Pope without thinking more of it answered that hee should doe for himselfe the best he could wherefore Octauius by meanes of Horatius Who receiueth a French Garison 〈◊〉 the Citie his brother sonne in law to the French King put himselfe vnder the protection of France and receiued a French Garison into the Citie This displeased the Emperour his vncle who perswaded the Pope that it was against his honour who was supreame Lord of that Citie and Duke Therefore the Pope published a seuere edict against him citing him to Rome and declaring him traytor if he did not appeare and demanding the Emperours Which occasioneth a war betweene the Emperour the French 〈◊〉 assistance against him who declared that hee did approoue the Popes cause and would defend it with his armes This was a beginning of a manifest warre betweene the Emperour and the French King and of great distasts of this King against the Pope And in Saxonie vpon the Riuer Albi discourses beganne betweene the Saxons and those of Brandeburg to make a league against the Emperour that he might not wholly subdue Germany as shall be said in its place Notwithstanding these seedes of warre which in Italie in the beginning of April began to spring the Pope would haue the Legate A confederation is made in Germany against the Emperour and Nuncij goe to Trent and gaue them commission to open the Councel on the first of May the day appointed with those who were there yea though there were none at all by the example of the Nuncij of Martinus the fifth who opened the
Councell of Pauia alone without the presence of any Prelate THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COVNCELL OF TRENT THe Legat and Nuncij being come to Trent accompanied The PresideÌ„es of the Councell and some Prelats striue in Trent with some Prelats who followed them from Rome and some other beeing arriued who hauing been 〈…〉 llcited by the Pope came thither a little after they assembled the foresayd day with the wanted Ceremonies in the vsuall place played within the Cathedrall Church which was not pulled downe where the Archbishop of Torre sang Masse and the Secretary read the Popes Bull of the Conuocation and the 〈◊〉 of the Presidents and hee that sayd Masse read the Decree interrogatorily Pleaseth the Fathers that according to the Popes letters the Councell of Trent should be resumed and prosecuted And all hauing giuen their voyces hee sayd againe Please it you that the next Session The next Session is appointed for the first of September be held the first of September next Whereunto all agreed And the Cardinall Prime President concluded by the consent and in the name of all the Synode that the Councell is begun and shall bee prosecuted Nothing else was done that day nor the next though the Prelats were often assembled in the Legats house because the Congregations had no forme there being no Diuines Onely the thing dispared in 〈◊〉 were read to make the deliberation of that winch was to bee handled more 〈◊〉 especially in matter of reformation which was esteemed to bee of the greatest moment In the ende of the moneth the Pope sent 〈…〉 to the The Pope sendeth a Nunciâ— to the Suisses Suisses who before had beene the Nuncio of Pope Paul to that nation principally to prouide that the French King might not haue Souldiers from them and to obtaine of them a leule the affaires of Parma And vpon that occasion hee wrote vnto them the seuen and twentieth of May that as hee had taken the name of Iulius the second so affectionate to them so hee would follow his example in louing them and vsing 〈◊〉 assistance which he had begun to doe by taking a guard of their Nation for the safety of his owne person and another for Bolonia Now the Councel being intimated and begun in Trent the first of May hee prayed them to send their Prelates against the first of September when the second Session shall bee held The French King sought to perswade the Pope by Termes his Ambassadour that hee had vpon good reasons taken vpon him the defence of The French King excuseth to the Pope his protection of Parma Parma praying him to bee contented with it and to shew him that doing otherwise and preferring warre before peace hee should not onely damnifie Italieâ— but hinder the prosecution of the Councell â—or cause it to dissolue And that though 〈◊〉 did not fall out yeâ— in regard no French Bishop could goe thither it could not with reason bee called a generall Councell The Pope offered to doe any thing elâ—e which the King should desire and after many discourses it beeing represented to him that the King could by no meanes retire and that in case his Holinesse would not bee neutrall but make himselfe the Emperours minister by whom the King was certaine that hee was guided his Maiestie would bee forced to vse those remedies of reason and fact which his ancestors haue vsed against partiall Popes the Pope grew angry or fained to be so and answered that if the King tooke Parma His Holinesse is angry from him hee would take France from the King and if the King did take from him his obedience hee would take from the King the commerce of all Christendome and â—he spake of force let him doe the worst he could if of Edicts and prohibitions and such things hee let him know that his pen paper and inke were not inferiour But though the Pope spake so high yet hee was afraid and therefore to excite the Emperour hee signified vnto him by his Nuncio the Bishop of Imola whome hee had sent in place of the Archbishop of Siponto all these discourses with the French and afterwards tolde him that in Rome there was doubt of another sacke in regard of so many rumours of the Turkes and French-men and feare of Nationall Councels Therefore there was neede of Armes to preuent these attempts and to defend themselues when neede required The King seeing it was impossible to perswade the Pope wrote a publike The French King maketh preparation for a Nationall Councel from which and from the protection of Parma he is disswaded by the Pope letter to all the Bishops of his Kingdome as well in France as elsewhere commanding them to bee at their Churches within sixe moneths and to put themselues in order there for a Nationall Councell and the letter was presented to those also who were in Rome neither durst the Pope hinder them for feare of doing them and his owne reputation more hurt But he sent Ascanius della Câ—rna his nephew into France to disswade the King from the protection of Parma to make him vnderstand that Octauius Farnese being his Vassall hee should by no meanes endure to be contemned by him in regard it would bee an eternall infamy and an example to others not to acknowledge him for Pope That his inclination to France and his Maiesty was great and his minde auerse from those who were emulous of him and that this is knowen to the whole world Yet the foresaid respect is so potent that if his M tie would not giue a remedy it were enough to make him cast himselfe into the armes of him that he would not His instruction also was that if the King would not be perswaded to this he should pray him to consider well how great inconueniences a Nationall Councell would draw after it and that it would be a beginning to giue his Subiects licence whereof hee would repent him and would presently cause this bad effect to hinder the generall Councell which would be the greatest offence could be done to God and the greatest damage to faith and the Church He prayed him to send an Ambassadour to Trent assuring him he should receiue all honour and respect from the Presidents and all the Prelats who were his Holinesse friends Wherunto if hee did not condescend but perseuere in maintaining the Edict hee should for taking away all scandall propose to him a temper to declare that his meaning was not to hinder the generall Councell by that Edict The King hearing the Ambassage shewed also that his honour did constraine But he continueth firme in his resolution him to continue the protection of the Duke and to maintaine the Edict but with such words as made it plaine hee was displeased with the distastes giuen him and that hee had a desire to right himselfe And to answere the Pope hee sent the Lord of Monluc the Elect of Bourdeaux to him not
on by the Presidents onely was giuen in the same name Neither can the difficulty bee remooued by saying that the matter was of no great importance first because it will be hard to maintaine that it is not a most important matter where the danger of diuision in the Church is in question then be it as it will no man can arrogate to himselfe power to declare what is of importance and what not and this is a demonstration that things are carried iust as the Pope sayth in the Bull and the Presidents in the Sermon read that they were to direct the Councell for they did so indeed The adulse that the King had dismissed the Popes Nuncio and published a Manifest did reiterate the same discourses The French King dismisseth the Popes Nuncio and publisâ—â—th a Manifest which Manifest was then printed and diuulged throughout Where he sheweth at large the causes why he tooke vpon him the protection of Parma blameth the Pope for the warre begun saying that hee vsed this Artifice that the Councell might not be held Concluding in the end that it is not meete that he should haue money out of his kingdome to make warre against him whence a great summe is ordinarily taken for vacancies Bulls Graces Dispensations and Expeditions and therefore by the counsell of his Princes he did for bid to dispatch Curriers to Rome and to answere money or gold or siluer not coyned by way of banke for Benefices or other Graces and Dispensations vpon paine of Confiscation as well for Ecclesiastiques as seculars and these to bee punished corporally besides giuing the Promooters a third of the confiscation This Manifest was inrolled in Parliament with a proposition of the Attourney generall of the King in which he said that it was no new thing but vsed by Charles the sixt Lewis the eleuenth and Lewis the twelfth and was conformable to the common Law that money should not bee carried to the enemie and that it would bee a hard case if with the money of France warre should bee made against the King and that it was better for the subiects of the kingdome to keepe their money and not care for dispensations which were not able to secure the conscience and are nothing but a shadow cast before the eyes of men which cannot hide the trueth from GOD. It could not be endured neither at Rome nor in Trent that the King should What the Aposâ—olike Sea is solemnely protest and make warre against the Pope and still say that hee bare the same reuerence toward the Apostolique Sea which is nothing but the Pope Whereunto the French-men answered that antiquity had not this opinion yea Victor the third who was one of the Popes that assumed much sayd that the Apostolique Sea was his mistresse The same was sayd before him by Stephen the fourth and by Vitalianus and Constantinus who were more ancient it plainely appeareth that by the Apostolike Sea is vnderstood the Church of Rome for if the Pope were the same thing his errours and defects would be of the Apostolike Sea The French King fearing that by his dissention with the Pope those that desired change of religion would make some innouation which might The French King waxeth more seuere against the Protestants prooueseditious or that himselfe might come into the bad opinion of his people as if his minde were auerse from the Catholike faith and perhaps to open a way for reconciliation with Rome hee made a most seuere Edict against the Lutherans confirming all the others which hee had published before adding greater punishments more wayes to discouer the guilty and greater rewards to the Promooters The Emperour considering that the French King in regard of the number of the French Cardinals and other dependants of that Crowne had no lesse power in the Colledge then himselfe and being combined with the Farnesi did farre exceede him though he had the Pope of his side sent to Rome Don Iohn Manriques to perswade his Holinesse to create new Cardinalls to exceed or equalize the number of the French The Pope was enclined hereunto yet hee saw what difficulty there was his Papacie being new and exhausted and in time of stirres when it is hard to haue the consent of all the Cardinalls and to create them without consent was dangerous Hee was doubtfull whether to make many at once or by little and little He thought hee should sooner obtaine consent for this second course and that his trusty friends would remaine in hope and that the Cardinalls would more oppose a numerous promotion and those that were excluded would despaire He doubted whether it were fitte to create any of the Prelats of the Conucell because there were many that deserued well and the three Electors were not to bee passed ouer especially the Elector of Mentz who thought of it On the other side to send red Cappes to the Councell hee thought would mooue enuie Hee resolued not to expect Christmas when all come foorth with their pretensions and the places of common meetings are full of wagers but to execute this businesse some day before vpon the sudden though afterwards he found no fit time to create them but Christmas But to returne to Trent the second of September the day following the Session a generall Congregation was made and in it Fathers deputed to frame the Articles of the Eucharist to bee giuen to the Diuines and to collect the abuses in that matter Afterwards they discoursed of the Reformation which because it was to take away the cause why Bishops doe not reside many were repeated some proposed before in Trent and Bolonia and some then first spoken of Finally they insisted vpon iurisdiction saying that the Bishops were wholly depriued of it partly by auocation of causes and partly by appeales but especially by exemptions yea that more often iurisdiction was exercised ouer and against them by their Subiects either by speciall commission from Rome or by vertue of Conseruatories then by them ouer their subiects And Fathers were elected to frame the Articles concerning this matter The Presidents considering the Popes instruction to auoid dangerous contentions among the Diuines their vnintelligible disputes in which they grow bitter and also their confusion in speaking they gaue out the Articles framed which they were to begin to handle on Tuesday after dinner and there added the manner and order to bee held in the Congregations much limited which did compell them to speake soberly The Articles were tonne drawen from the doctrine of the Zuingliani and 〈…〉 That in the Eucharist the Body Blood Ten Articles concerning the Eucharist are proposed to be discussed by the Diuines and Diuinitie of CHRIST is not truely but as in a signe 2. That CHRIST is not giuen to bee eaten Sadramentally but spiritually and by faith 〈◊〉 That in the Eucharist there is the Blood and Body of CHRIST but together with the substance of the Bread and Wine so that there is
of the Pope and did signifie to them the summe of their Ambassage so those of Wittenberg ought to doe hee therefore wished they Whereof the Legat giueth an account to Rome should come and promised to receiue them with all humanity The Count related the answere wherewith the Ambassadours were not contented saying That it was one of the points required in Germany that the Pope should not preside which not beeing willing to contradict without order from their Prince they would write and expect an answere The Count did cunningly assay to learne the whole secret of their instructions to aduertise the Legate of it But they stood vpon generall termes and would not specifie any particular The Legate sent immediately aduise hereof to Rome desiring to know what hee should doe and the rather because he vnderstood that others would come also In the beginning of Nouember the Emperour to bee neere the Councel The Emperor goeth to Ispruc distant from the Councel but three dayes iourney and the warre of Parma went to Ispruc distant but three dayes iourney from Trent the way being so commodious that if there were occasion hee might heare from his Ambassadours in one day The Pope had newes at once of the arriuall of the Emperour and of those of Wittenberg And although hee trusted vpon the Emperours promises made to him before the conuocation of the Councell and often reiterated and saw the effects because his Ambassadours curbed the Spaniards when they were too bold in maintaining the Episcopall authoritie and was perswaded he would perseuere in regard of their common interests against the French King yet hauing heard of Which maketh the Pope somwhat iealous of him some things handled in Germany hee was a little iealous that either for necessitie or for some great opportunitie which occurrences might bring hee would change his opinion Yet he tooke courage considering that if there were warre in Germany no account would be held of the Councell and during peace all the German Ecclesiastiques would bee on his side as also the Italian Prelates whose number hee could easily encrease by sending thither all those of the Court that the Legat being resolute and hoping to be Pope would labour as for himselfe and that the Nuncio of Siponto was most affectionate to his person that he might at any time be reconciled with France because it was desired by that King by meanes of whom and with the Prelates of his kingdome hee might withstand all attempts made against his authoritie He answered the Legate that hee could giue him but little instruction more that he was not onely acquainted with but principall Author of the The answere of his Holinesse made to the Legate Treaties made in framing the Bull of the Conuocation that hee should remember that the things decreed vnder Paul were studiously approoued therein that it was sayd that it did belong to the Pope not onely to call but also to direct Councels and to preside by his ministers and that hee should not leaue open so much as a little chinke in preiudice of any of these For the rest he should gouerne himselfe according to occasions putting him in mind to fly as the Plague all middle counsels and moderations when any of these were handled but so soone as the difficultie did arise to breake it off suddenly that the aduersaries might not haue time to looke farre into it That he would not lay on his shoulders the Translation or dissolution of the Councell but onely that he should speedily aduertise when hee saw cause Furthermore that he should set on foot as much matter of doctrine as he could which would worke many good effects For it would make the Lutherans despaire of concord without their totall submission would interest the Prelates more against them would not giue time to these to thinke on the point of reformation and make a sudden dispatch of the Councel a matter of the greatest importance because there is danger of some inconuenience so long as it lasteth And when he saw himselfe forced to giue them some satisfaction in amplifying the Episcopall authoritie hee should condescend and yet hold backe as much as might bee For in case some thing should bee granted preiudiciall to the Court as formerly hath beene done yet so long as the Popes authoritie remaineth intire there will bee meanes to reduce them easily to their first state Things standing thus the 25. of Nouember the day appointed for the The Session of the 25 of Nouember Session came The Fathers met and went to Church in the vsuall order where the ceremonies being finished the doctrine of faith the Anathematismes decree of the Reformation were read by the Bishop that said Masse The tenour whereof being already recited there remaineth nothing else to be spoken And finally the last decree was read to giue order for the future Session in which it was sayd that it being already appointed for the 25. of Ianuary the Sacrament of Order ought then to bee handled together with the Sacrifice of the Masse So the Legate would haue it pronounced that according to the Popes opinion they might haue matter of doctrine enough whereon to treat The Session being ended the Legate vsed all diligence that the Decrees might not be printed And his order was obserued at Ripa The decrees are forbid to be published but are printed in Germany where the Presse was and where the other Decrees were printed But no man could hinder the sending of many copies out of Trent whereupon they were printed in Germany and the difficultie and delay to let them see light made the Critiques curious and diligent to examine them more exactly to finde the cause of this secrecy That which was decided in the first point of doctrin and the sixt Canon caused much speech that is that CHRIST when hee breathed on his Disciples and gaue them the holy Ghost saying Whose sinnes you remit they are remitted and whose sinnes you retaine they are retained did institute the Sacrament of â—enanâ—e It was considered that Baptisme was first vsed by the Iewes for legall cleanlinesse afterwards applyed by Saint Iohn for a preparation to goe to the Mess 〈…〉 which was to come and finally by CHRIST in expresse and And there censured plaine words instituted a Sacrament for remission of sinnes and an entrance into the Church ordaining it should bee ministred in the name of the Father Sonne and holy Ghost Likewise in the captiuitie of Babylon a Postcenium was instituted by the Iewes with bread and wine for a thankes giuing and a memoriall of their going out of Egypt while being out of the land of promise they could not eat the Paschal Lambe in imitation of which rite CHRIST instiruted the Eucharist to giue thankes to GOD for the generall deliuerance of mankind and in memorie of himselfe who was the Author thereof by the sprinkling of his blood And howsoeuer like rites haue beene formerly vsed
hold the Masse for a true and proper Sacrament or doe say it doth not helpe the Liuing and the dead or doe not receiue the Canon of the Masse or doe condemnd priuate Masses or the ceremonies which the Church of Rome vseth And then foure Heads of doctrine were made That in the Masse is offered a true and proper Sacrifice instituted by CHRIST of the necessitie of the Sacrifice of the Masse and how it agreeth with that of the Crosse of the fruits of that Sacrifice and the application thereof of the 〈◊〉 and ceremonies of the Masse All which were to bee handled against Christmas and are not related heere perticularly because they were not published in the next Session While the Fathers doe entertaine themselues in the businesse of the Councel The Ambassadours of Wittenberg receiue letters from their Princes with order to proceed in their negotiation the Ambassadors of Wittenberg did receiue letters from their Princes to proceed and to present their doctrine in the best maner they could There fore in the absence of the Earle of Montfort they entreated the Cardinall of Trent to bee a meanes that the Presidents would receiue their letters assemble the Fathers and giue them audience The Cardinall promised all good office but sayd it was necessary to tell the Legate what they Would treat on it being so constituted by the Fathers mooued thereunto by the proposition made by the Abbat of Bellosana Therefore they imparted to him their instruction saying they were sent to obtaine a safe Conduct for their Theologue as it was giuen in Basill to the Bohomians and to propose their doctrine that it being examined by the Fathers they might be ready to conferre with their Diuines when they came The Legate receiuing this reletion from the Cardinall imparted to him what the Pope had written and The answere of the Legate to their propositions told him that it was not to be suffered that either they or any other Protestants should present their Doctrine much lesse be admitted to defend it inregard there would bee no end of contentions that it was the office of the Fathers which was obserued vntill then and ought to be continued to examine their doctrine taken out of their Bookes and condemne that which did deserue it If the Protestants had any difficultie and did propose it humbly and shew themselues willing to receiue instruction it should bee giuen by aduice of the Councel Therefore hee denied absolutely to assemble the Fathers to receiue their doctrine and said he could not change this opinion though it should cost him his life For altering the safe conduct he said it was an exorbitant indignity to the Councel that they should mistrust that which was granted and that to treat thereof was an vnsupportable iniury and deserued that all the faithfull should spend their liues in opposing it The Cardinall of Trent would not giue the answere so sharpe to the Ambassodors but said That the Legate was angry that they would begin with Iâ— fauourably related to the Ambsssadors by the Cardinall of Trent the presentation of their doctrine in regard they were to receiue from their Superiors with reuerence and obedience the rule of Faith and not prescribe it to others with such an vnseemelinesse and absurditie Therefore he aduised them to let that day passe that the wrath of the Legat might be remitted and then to beginne with some other point that afterwards they might fall vpon those two that is to present their doctrine and desire a safe conduct They followed this counsell and a few dayes after the Cardinall being parted from Trent they desired the Emperours Ambassadour to perswade the Legate to receiue their mandate and heare their proposition that vnderstanding his minde they might resolue as they should haue instruction from their Prince The Ambassadour treated with the Legate and had the same answere which was giuen to the Cardinal of Trent which did not proceed from disdaine but from a resolued will The Ambassadour vnderstanding the Legats mind was of opinion that the businesse could not then take place and knowing that to relate the answere was dishonourable for the Emperour who had so largely promised that euery one should be heard propose freely and conferre in stead of giuing a direct answere to those of Wittenberg he found diuers excuses to gain time which he did not so artificially though he were a Spaniard but that they were discouered to be pretences not to giue a plaine Negatiue At this time Ambassadours went to Trent from Argentina and fiue Cities more with instruction to present their doctrine They imployed Gulielmus Pictauius the Emperours third Ambassador who not to fall vpon the same difficulties which his colleague did tooke their Mandat and perswaded them to expect a few dayes vntill he had sent to Caesar and receiued an answere because in so doing they should proceed vpon a good ground This made quiet those of Wittenberg also The Ambassadour wrote to Caesar telling him of the Ambassadours resolution shâ—wing what an indignitie it was to his Maiestie that no account should bee made of so honest and so iust a promise made by him The Emperour to prouide against this disgrace and couningly to make vse of the Councell expecting the Ambassadours of the Elector of Saxonie wrote that the others should bee entertained vntill their arriuall assuring them they should then be heard and with all charitie conferred with The thirteenth of December Maximilian the Sonne of Ferdinand passed Maximilian pasteth by Trent by Trent with his wife and children and was met by the Legat and the Italian and Spanish Prelats and some Germans also The Prince Electors did not meete him but visited him in his lodging The Protestant Ambassadours complained to him that notwithstanding so many promises made by Caesar they could not haue audience and prayed him to haue pitie on Germanie because those Priests being strangers did not care for some small respects of their owne to see it on fire yea by precipitating the determinations and Anathematismes did make the controuersies euery day more hard Maximilian perswaded them to bee patient and promised to treate with his vncle that the actions of the Councell might passe as he had promised in the Diet And promiseth the Protestant Ambassadours to treat with the Emperour his vncle in their behalfe they should At Christmas the Pope created fourteene Italian Cardinals and immediately published thirteene of them reseruing one to bee published when hee thought fit And to honour so great a creation in the beginning of his Papacie especially there being eight and fourtie Cardinalles in the Colledge The Pope createth 14. Cardinals giueth a reason of it which was then thought a great number hee pretended occasion to doe it for the enmitie with the French King Of whom hee complained as well for the warre hee made against the Apostolike Sea as for the Edictes published adding a report which then came from Lions
for the losse of reputation and for the danger which it brought if those two Princes were ioyned at 〈…〉 cretion hee must needes stand To the Cardinall impatient of 〈◊〉 it seemed that fiue yeeres in the decrepit age of his Vncle did quite take from him all occasions to chase the Spaniard out of the Kingdome of Naples whom he so much hated Yet the Pope not loosing courage made shew of ioy for the truce but said hee was not fully satisfied with it because a peace was necessary in regard of the Councel which hee purposed to celebrate which he was resolued to treat and for that end to send Legates to those Princes beeing assured to conclude it because hee would imploy his authority For hee would not bee hindered in the gouernment of the Church committed to him by CHRIST To the Emperour hee sent Notwithstanding he dissembleth his passion and sendeth Legates to them both to treat a peace but intendeth nothing but vvar Scipio Rebiba Cardinall of Pisa and to the French King Cardinall Caraffa his nephew This went with all speede and to the other order was giuen to goe slowly Rebiba had instruction to exhort the Emperour to amend Germany which was not doen vntill then because none had proceeded a right in that enterprise Hee knew the detects of his predecessors who to stop the reformation of the Court did hinder the good progresse of the Councel But contrarily he was resolued to promote the reformation and to celebrate a Councel in his owne presence and to begin with this poynt assuring himselfe that when they should see the abuses taken away for which they haue separated themselues from the Church and remaine contumacious still they will desire and runne to receiue the decrees and constitutions which the Councell will make where shall be reformed not verbally but really the Head members Clergie Laitie Princes and people To doe so good a worke a truce of fiue yeeres is not sufficient because there are no lesse suspicions in truces then in warre and one must euer bee ready to prouide against the time when they end that a perpetuall peace is necessary to remooue all malice and suspicions that all may bend themselues ioyntly without worldly respects to that which concerneth the vnion and reformation of the Church He gaue the like instruction to Caraffa and was content it should be published by giuing out some copies of it The Court did generally thinke that the Pope spake so often and so earnestly of the Councel that no man else might propose it vnto him and did threaten the Princes and all the world with it to make them abhorre it But afterwards it was knowen that he deseigned to free himselfe by another way from the trouble giuen to his predecessours For when the reformation onely of the Pope of the Court of the exempted and priuiledged persons dependants of the Popedome was proposed euery Prince people and priuate man in regard nothing was to bee handled that concerned them was forward to sollicite the Councell but hee proposing the reformation of the Clergie Laitie and especially of the Princes with a most seuere Inquisition which he deseigned to institute he made them all equall so that himselfe was not in question onely but other likewise And this was a secret by which hee meant to hold all men in feare and himselfe in reputation of integrity and worth And concerning the Councel hee meant to gouerne himselfe according to the coniunctures yet euer holding this point constantly to celebrate it in Rome But to returne to the Legates hee gaue his nephew a large instruction to trie the Kings minde and if hee saw him resolute to obserue the truce to thunder into his eares the same lesson of the Councel and to Rebiba he gaue order to gouerne himselfe as hee should receiue aduice from his nephew Caraffa caried to the King the Sword and Hat which the Pope had blessed on Christmas day at night according to the custome Of the Peace hee made no mention but represented to the King that howsoeuer the league was not violated by the truce of fiue yeeres yet it was made of no force to the great danger of his Vncle and of his family and that they had already some taste thereof by that which the Spaniards had done Hee recommended to him in most effectuall termes Religion and the Papacie to which his predecessours gaue singular protection and the Pope himselfe and his family much deuoted to his Maiestie The King was not auerse but remayned doubtfull considering the Popes age who might die when hee should haue most neede of him Caraffa perceiued this and found a remedie The French King breaketh the truce at the Popes instance promising that the Pope should create so many Cardinals partiall for France and enemies to Spaine that hee should euer haue a Pope on his side The Cardinals perswasions and the promise of the promotion and the absolution from the oath of the truce which he gaue in the Popes name together with the negotiation of the Cardinall of Loraine and his brother made the King resolue to mooue warre though the Princes of the Blood and all the Grandies of the Court abhorred the infamie of breaking the truce and receiuing absolution from the oath The conclusion beeing made Caraffa recalled the Legate sent to the Emperour who was arriued at Mastric and caused him to come into France though he was but two dayes iourney distant from Caesar which made the Emperour and the King his sonne beleeue that in France some thing was concluded against them The Popes distasts against the Emperor and his sonne did dayly increase The Pope proceedeth seuerely against the Colonnesi He made a most seuere processe against Ascanius Colonna and Marcus Antonius his sonne for many offences which hee pretended to bee done against the Apostolique Sea so long since as when Clement was besieged and afterwards against Paul the third and Iulius and by Marcus Antonius against himselfe and the State of the Church and relating in Consistorie all the iniuries done of old by the Colonnesi against the Apostolique Sea did excommunicate Ascanius and Marcus Antonius depriue them of all dignitie and fee with censures against those that gaue them assistance or fauour and did confiscate all their possessions within the State of the Church and gaue them to the Count Montorius his Nephew with the title of Duke of Pagliano Marcus Antonius retiring into the Kingdome was receiued and sometimes Who retire into the kingdome of Naples and make excursions vpon their lands made excursions vpon his owne lands with some few Souldiers which much prouoked the Pope who thinking his nods were commandements vnto all able to terrifie euery one hee could not endure to bee so little esteemed at Naples his Countrey where hee would haue beene thought to bee omnipotent Hee thought in the beginning by talking lauishly of the Emperor and of the King to make them desist from
hee called it he would see the whole world ruined that the question was not of his owne but of Christs honour which he could not preiudice nor renounce With this condition and with the restitution of the cities taken the controuersie was ended It was esteemed a prodigie that the very day that the Peace was concluded there was such a great inundation of the riuer Tiber that all the plaine of Rome was drowned and a great part of the fortifications of the Castle S. Angelo was ouerthrowen The Duke of Alua went personally to Rome to submit himselfe to the Pope and receiue absolution in the Kings name and his owne So it happened And goeth to Rome to demand absolution that the conquerour bare the indignitie and hee that was ouercome triumphed more then if hee had been victorious And it was no small fauour that the Pope receiued him with humanity though hee forbare not his vsuall haughtie state The warre was no sooner ended but new troubles came vpon the Pope For aduice was sent out of France that the fifth of September at night in Paris about two hundred persons were assembled in an house to celebrate the Communion which beeing discouered by the common people the house was assaulted and some fled but the women and weaker sort were taken 1557 PAVL 4. FERDINAND PHILIP 2 K. of Spainè MARY HENRY 2. of whom seuen were burned and the greater part of the others reserued for the same punishment to be inflicted when the complices were found out The Suisses made intercession for these and the King in regard of his warre with the King of Spaine for so Philip was called after the resignation of his father hauing need of their assistance gaue order that the proceeding against them should bee moderate The Pope was infinitely angry and complained in Consistory and said it was no maruell if the affaires of the The Pope is angry with y e French King for vsing moderation towards the Protestants King did not succeed well because he more esteemed the assistance of heretiques then the fauour of God The Pope had forgotten that in the time of his warre the Cardinals of the Inquisition complaining that the Protestant Grisons brought to his pay for the defence of Rome vsed many scornes against the Churches and Images his Holinesse did reprehend them saying they were Angels sent by God for the custodie of the Citie and of his person and that hee had a strong hope that God would conuert them So men iudge diuersly of their owne interests and of the facts of others The Pope tooke occasion hence to call in minde two constitutions which the King And for making two cōstitutions in matter of religion had made the same yeere which hee said were against the liberty of the Clergie and therefore was resolute they should be abrogated The one was published the first of March that Mariages made by sonnes before the age of thirty yeeres compleat and of daughters before twenty fiue without consent of the father or of him in whose power they were should bee voyde The other the first of May that all Bishops and Curates should reside vpon paine of losse of the reuenues with an imposition of an extraordinary Subsidie besides the ordinarie Tenths to pay fiue thousand foote Souldiers The Pope thought not of these things when the newes came because hee was then in warre and had neede of the King But this reason ceasing hee complained that he had medled euen with the Sacraments and vnsupportably burdened the Clergie Hee sayd it was necessary to prouide against these disorders by a Councell which were greater then could bee obiected against the Clergie that it was fit to begin the Reformation from hence that the French Prelates durst not speake so long as they were in France but beeing in a Councel in Italy free from feare of the King their complaints would soone be heard Amongst these distastes the Pope receiued some ioy But is well pleased with the dissolution of the Colloquie in Germany that the Colloquie begunne in Germany to compose the differences in religion which troubled his Holinesse and the Court as all Colloquies had done was resolued into nothing The beginning progresse and ende whereof I thinke necessary to recount for the vnderstanding of the things that follow Ferdinand hauing in the Diet of Ratisbon confirmed peace in Religion A relation of the Colloquy vntill a concord were concluded to finde a way to make it it was resolued in the Diet the thirteenth of March that a Colloquie should bee held in Wormes of twelue Doctours of the old religion and twelue Protestants in which the differences should bee discussed to bring the parties to an agreement Ferdinand appointed for President of the Colloquie the Bishop of Namburg who was so famous The parties being met in the place the fourteenth of August the twelue Protestants were not absolutely of one opinion For some of them desiring a perfect vnion of the Church laboured to reconcile 1558 PAVL 4. FERDINAND PHILIP 2. MARY HENRY 2. the doctrine of the Heluetians which was different concerning the Eucharist and for this end the Ministers of Geneua had made a Confession in this point which did not displease Philip Melancthon and sixe more of the Confession of Ausburg but did not satisfie the other fiue This beeing perceiued by the Bishop a man wise and factious whose end was that the Colloquie should be dissolued without fruit hee made the Catholiques propose that the Colloquie being instituted onely betweene them and the Confessionists it was necessary to condemne all the sects of the Swinglians and of others because the errors being vniformely condemned the trueth would easily appeare The fiue aforesaid did consent it should be so Melancthon who perceiued the cunning which was to sow diuision betweene them and to make them at variance with the Suisses the Prussians and others said that it was fit to agree vpon the truth first and then by that rule to condemne errors The Bishop shewing to the fiue that they were contemned by the other seuen perswaded them to depart from the Colloquie and wrote the successe to Ferdinand concluding that they could not proceede in regard of the departure of these and that those which remained would not first condemne the sects Ferdinand answered that his desire was they should proceede and that the Confessionists should recall those fiue that were departed and the Catholiques bee in the meane space content to begin and discusse the controuersed Articles The Bishop seeing that he had lost this point perswaded the Catholike Collocutors to write to the King that it was not iust to begin the treatie if all the Protestants were not vnited because it would be necessary to treat againe with the absent that which was concluded with the present and so to take double paines They all retired without expecting any answere and each partie blamed the other excusing it selfe vpon the reasons
not performe its duty and that which is expected from it by so holy and necessary a reformation to call a Nationall hauing first giuen satisfaction to GOD and men by continuall perswasions vsed to the Fathers and the Pope to obtaine of them a remedy against the common euill that to effect this with greater ease he had dispatched the Lord of Oysel to the Catholique King and the Lord d' Allegres to the Pope and commanded Birague that after he had performed his charge with the Fathers of the Councell he should passe to the Emperour to try if by meanes of these Princes bee might gaine so great a benefit It is certaine that the Pope was much distasted with the peace as well for the preiudice of his authority as because it was concluded without his knowledge hauing made so great contributions to the war But the King of Spaine was displeased more For beeing by his souldiers a party in the warres and the victory and hauing spent so much hee thought all was lost and that it was not iust to conclude a peace without him to the preiudice of religion which hee vndertooke to defend and maintaine especially hauing so great interests therein in respect of the damage hee did receiue in the gouernment of the Low Countries it beeing plaine that euery prosperity of the Hugonots in France would encourage the people of Flanders and strong then them more in their contumacie For these reasons the Catholique Ambassadour in France made great complaints which was the principall cause why these extraordinary Ambassages were sent to Rome and into Spaine to make knowen that the King and his Councel were not induced to make this accord by their owne will but by meere necessity and for feare that grosse Armies would bee sent out of Germany to the Hugonots which as was reported were prepared about Strasburg and in other places For those Dutch men who had made warre in France beeing returned home loaden with spoiles they inuited others to goe thither and make themselues rich Neither were they without feare that the Princes of the Empire would vpon that occasion assay to 〈◊〉 Monte 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and other Cities of the Empire and that the Queene of England would assist 〈◊〉 Hugonots more potently then she had done to possesse some other places 〈◊〉 already shee had possessed Haure de Grace But besides this principall end of both the Ambassages d'Oysel was afterwards to make a proposition for translating the Councel from Trent to Constance Wormes Ausburg or some other place in Germany and to represent to the King that in regard it ought to bee celebrated for the Dutch English Scottish and part of the French-men and other Nations who were resolute not to adhere to nor euer to accept that of Trent it was in vaine to continue in that place Conde was author of this negotiation who hoped by this meanes if it did succeed to strengthen his party by vniting it to the interests of so many Kingdomes and Princes and to weaken the Oatholiques by promoting difficulties against the Councell of Trent But it did not take effect For the King of Spaine hauing heard the proposition which I say by way of anticipation that I may not returne to this matter did perceiue what the aime was and made a full answere that the Councell was assembled in Trent with all the solemnities with consent of all Kings Princes and at the instance of Francis the French King that the Emperour had superiority in that City as in the others that were named and might giue full security to all in case the former Safe conduct were not sufficient that hee could not choose but fauour it in the place where it was and accept the determinations thereof And hee aduised the Pope of all assuring him hee would neuer change that resolution The French men in Trent thought it superfluous to make instance to the Fathers as the King had commanded before the returne of Morone it being generally resolued that all Conciliary actions should bee deferred vntill then But the Emperour had not dispatched that Cardinall and informed Loraine at the same time that for diuers accidents and because the propositions were of the weight and importance as that they did deserue mature deliberation and consultation he had not beene able as yet to giue a resolute answere but hee hoped it should bee such as to make all men know that his actions were answerable to his desire to see the affaires of the Councell set straight for the common benefit Therefore notwithstanding the occasions and vrgent necessities of his other Prouinces hee resolued to continue his residence in Isprue to fauour the liberty of the Councell by his presence vntill hee had hope to see some good fruit This delay did not please Morone not that the Emperour should referre as hee did all the negotiations to the Diuines and Counsellors and both hee and the Pope did doubt that the answere would be deferred vntill he had heard Birague who as they were informed was to propose the translation of the Councel into Germany to giue satisfaction to the Hugonots whereunto the Pope was resolute not to consent as well by his owne inclination as in regard of the instance made vnto him by the Colledge of Cardinals and all the Court. And he maruelled at the humor of the French-men who demanded reformation and a translation at the same time and desired to haue a supply from the Clergie for payment of the Kings deâ—ts and yet would make shew to be fauourers of the Church But the truth was that the French-men being assured they could obtaine nothing fit for their 〈…〉 ce so long as the Italians did make the maior part beganne to despaire and to hold no esteeme of the Councel while it remayned in Trent Therefore they tooke from the Diuines sent by the King their publique allowance and gaue them all leaue either to depart or 〈…〉 ine there so that almost all went away one after another The two Benedictines remained vntill the ende who were â—haintained by chest Monasteries as also Hugonius whom the Papalins caused to be lodged and defrayed in the Monastery and gaue him fifty crownes euery three moneths Loraine hauing 〈…〉 ed the allâ—gations sent by the Pope to the Emperour and made a conâ—ure vpon them sent it to his Maiestie 〈◊〉 thought The conâ—ure of 〈…〉 vpon the 〈…〉 allegations he had done all secretly but Hagonots had not onely discoured it but giuen a copie to the Legates who expecting Morone shortly wrote by order from the Pope to the Bishops departed from Trent that they should returne to resume the actions of the Councel In the meane while a congregation was made the tenth of May to reade the letters of the Queene of Scotland presented by the Cardinall of Loraine in which she declared that shee did submit herselfe to the Councell made mention of her succession to the Kingdome of England promising that in case it
himselfe of those affaires and returne assoone as was possible seeking to giue the Pope all satisfaction and to make him his friend and for matters of the councell not to thinke on them more then his conscience and honour did compell him Shee added that hee should haue the same authoritie in the kingdome as hee had before and therefore should hasten his returne The Queenes letters came to Rome and Trent in the end of May which as they were very gratefull to the Pope and made him beleeue he should see a good end of the Councel so an other accident did much displease him For in France consultation beeing had how to pay the debts of the Crowne the Ecclesiasticall goods are aliened in France without the Popes leaue Decree for aliening the valew of one hundred thousand crownes of Ecclesiasticall immooueable goods was confirmed by the Kings Edict and sentence of the Parlament This raised a great tumult of the Priests who said their priuiledges and immunities were violated and that sacred things could not bee aliened for any cause whatsoeuer without the authority and decree of the Pope To pacifie which noise the Ambassadour desired his Holinesse to giue his consent alleadging that the King was exhausted by the last warres deseigning to put his affaires in order that hee may beginne as his purpose euer was since the making of the peace to reunite all the Kingdome in the Catholique religion and that hee might be able to force whosoeuer should oppose he meant to impose a subsidie and to cause the Clergie to contribute their part also whereunto the Church was so much more bound then others by how much her interests were more in question that all beeing considered nothing was found to bee more easie then to supply that necessity with the alienation of some few Ecclesiasticall reuenues wherein he desired the consent of his Holinesse The Pope answered that the demand was painted foorth with a faire pretence Which maketh the Pope angry of defending the Church but was the onely way to ruine it for the auoiding whereof his securest course was not to consent to it And howsoeuer some might thinke that the French would proceed to execution without him yet he was of opinion that leaue would not haue beene demanded in case they could haue found buyers without it thinking that none would dare to aduenture their money fearing as the affaires of the world are vncertaine a time might come in which the Ecclesiastiques would resume their rents and not restore the price Therefore hauing proposed the businesse in Consistory by the deliberation of the Cardinals he resolued not to consent but by diuers excuses to shew it was impossible to obtaine that demand at his hands Loraine bearing an irreconciliable hate to the Hugonots not so much for religion as for faction which himselfe and his house had alwaies with them beeing assured it was impossible to reconcile friendship was much displeased that the matters of the peace did proceed For his returne into France hee thought fit to consider very well when and in what manner it ought to bee and for his particular affaires hee thought it necessary to hold good intelligence with the Pope and Court of Rome and with the Ministers of Spaine also more then formerly he had done Therefore he beganne from that day not to be so seuere in procuring the reformation and to shew greater reuerence to the Pope and to haue good correspondence with the Legats But besides the trouble for the demand of the alienation the Pope had another of no losse weight For hauing often promised the French Ambassadour Agreat difference in Rome about precedence betweene the French and Spanish Ambassadours to giue him his due place at Whitsontide and desiring to performe it he assembled some Cardinals to find a meanes to giue the Spanish Ambassadour satisfaction The courses were proposed one to giue him place vnder the Deacon on the left hand another vpon a stoole at the top of the Deacons bench But these did not take away the difficulty For there remained still matter of our currencie in bearing the traine of his Holinesse and giuing water for his hands when hee did celebrate the Masse and in receiuing incense and the pax The difficulty of the traine and the water did not presse the 〈…〉 because the Pope was not to celebrate and the Emperours Ambassadour was to bee there For the incense and the pax a temper was found that they should be giuen to all on the right side euen to the Ambassadour of Florence also who was the last and then to those on the left The French was not content with this and said that the Pope had promised him his place and that the Spaniard either should not come or should stand vnder him and would depart from Rome if this were not performed And it pleased the Spanish Ambassadour as little whereupon the Pope sent him word that he was resolute to giue the French Ambassadour his place The Spaniard answered that if the Pope were resolute to doe him that grieuance hee would read a writing to him The Cardinals who treated with him in the Popes name shewed him it was not good to doe so before his Holinesse had seene it lest not being knowen before some inconuenience might arise The Ambassadour was vnwilling to giue it but in the end was content Which the Pope hauing read was very angry at the forme of words which The Protestation of the Spanish Ambassador he said were impertinent Finally he was brought into the Popes Chamber with foure witnesses where he read his protestation on his knees which did containe That the King of Spaine ought to precede the French King in regard of the antiquity power and greatnesse of Spaine and of the multitude of his other Kingdomes by which he is the greatest and most potent King of the world because the Catholike faith and Church of Rome haue euer beene defended and preserued in his states that if his Holinesse will declare or hath declared in words or writing in fauour of France the grieuance and iniustice was notorious Therefore he in the name of his King doeth contradict all declaration of precedence or equality in fauour of France as frustrate and void against the notorious right of his Catholique Maiestie and if it hath beene made there is a nullity in it being done without knowledge of the cause and citation of the party and that his Holinesse doing this will because of great inconueniences in all Christendome The Pope answered admitting the Protestation Si and in quantum excusing himselfe for the citation omitted because hee gaue nothing to the French men but preserued the place in which he had euer seen◠them next the Emperors Ambassadours but offered notwithstanding to commit the cause to the Colledge of Cardinals or to the whole Rota adding that he loued the King and would doe him all the good offices he could The Ambassador replied that his
oration in Councell 369 Duke of Alua might haue taken Rome but instead of that goeth thither for absolution 406 Duke of Sauoy taketh armes against the Protestants of his valleys 421 Is ouerthrowen by them and maketh a peace 446. Hath many Protestants within his territories 710 Duke of Bauaria sendeth ambassadors to Rome for the Communion of the Cup. 646 And desireth that his Priests may marry 679 E. ECchius opposeth Luther 6 Ecclesiasticall goods are aliened in France without the Popes consent 93 Ecolampadius dieth with sorrow for the death of his fellow Zuinglius 60 Edict of Ausburg about religion 57 Edict of the French King H 〈…〉 y 2. concerning religion 297 Edict of Iuli made in France 448 Edict of March made in France 471 Edward 6. King of England maketh a change in Religion 295 He dieth 283 Electors of Mentz and Triers craue leaue to depart from the Councell 362 And do depart 374 And so doth the Elector of Collen 374 Elizabeth obtaineth the crowne of England the Pope refuseth to acknowledge her she causeth a disputation to bee held in Westminster in matter of religion 411 She is inuited to the Councell in Trent 436 But will not suffer the Popes Nuncio to come into England 440 The Councell would haue proceeded against her but is disswaded by the Emperor 727 Episcopall iurisdiction is discoursed of by the Author 330. 331. c. Erasmus is condemned for his annotations vpon the New Testament which are confirmed by Pope Leo the tenth 473 Excommunication is denounced against all Heretiques in generall onely in the end of the Councell 813 Exemptions what they are is shewed in a large discourse made by the Author 220 Exemption of Cathedrall Churches in Spaine from the iurisdiction of Bishops raiseth a great stirre in the Councell 797 F. FAber sent to Zuric by the Bishop of Constance refuseth to dispute with Zuinglius 17 Faction made in Councell by the Pope and Legates 142. 256 A faction betweene the Dominicans and Franciscans 175. 229. 258 A faction made in Councell by the Pope 463. 504. 580 The Papalins themselues did not like that the Pope should labour so openly to make a maior part 585 A faction made by Cardinall Simoneta about the institution of Bishops 607 Practises vsed by the Legates to perswade the Prelats 621 A factious banquet made by the Arch-bishop of Otranto 627 Cardinall Madruccio said openly there was a Councel within the Councel 658. 659 Faith how many significations it hath 194. 195 Ferdinand desireth to possesse Transiluania and causeth the Bishop of Veradino to bee slaine is absolued by the Pope 373 Publisheth an Edict against innouation in Religion 387 And a Catechisme 387 388 Is installed Emperor and not acknowledged by Pope Paul the fourth but after is acknowledged by Pope Pius the fourth vnto whom he rendreth obedience 420 Goeth to Ispruc that hee may bee neere the Councell 649 Putteth in consultation seuenteene very important points concerning the present Councell 673 Writeth to the Legats and the Pope very effectually for a serious reformation 682. 683. Giueth his word to Cardinall Morone to vse conniuencie hereafter for matters of the Councell 705 His sudden sicknesse maketh the Fathers in Trent afraid 779 780 Fisher Bishop of Rochester is created Cardinall for his great worth and is beheaded 43. dayes after 74 Florence becommeth free and doth deface the Statues of Leo the tenth and of Clement the seuenth 44 Forme of proceeding in Councell 344 Francis the first the French King is taken prisoner at Pauia 35 It set at liberty and absolued from his oath 37 Francis Sforza Duke of Milan dieth 77 Francis of Toledo is Ambassador for the King of Spaine in Councell 154 Perswaded that the reformation should be handled before the doctrine 166 Francis the second the French King persecuteth the Protestants 417 418 He dieth 436 Free will is discussed 208 209 210 French Ambassadour speaketh in Councel 509 The French Ambassadours desire that their Prelats may be expected 552 The French Ambassadour De Ferrieres maketh an oration 631 And another 666 Which vexeth the Fathers 667 The French Ambassadours goe to Venice 790 French petitions are written against in Rome 674 The Pope resolueth not to consent to them 690 French Prelates cited to Rome for Lutheranisme 693 Sentence is pronounced against them 790 They are defended by the King 795 G. GEneua promoteth thereformed religionin France 422 The Pope perswadeth the French King to make warre against that city 423 George Fransperg Generall of an army of Dutchmen carrieth an halter towards Rome to hang the Pope but dieth before he commeth thither 43 George Martinaccio Bishop of Veredino desireth to holde Transiluania in libertie refuseth the offers of K. Ferdinand and is slaine by his ministers 873 Germanie is in the power of the Emperour the two Protestant Heads beeing retired into their countreys 221 Glosses are forbid to be made vpon the Decrees of the Councell of Trent 813 Granuell publisheth a booke to compose religion in Germanie 95 He is sent to the Diet in Noremberg 103 Groperus discourseth of Appeales 334 Guise passeth into Italy with an army to assist the Pope 404 Is defeated by the default of the Caraffi 405 Is recalled by the French King 406 The Guisards holde a parly in Germanie with the Duke of Wittenberg 480 The Duke of Guise is slaine vnder Orlience by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman 681 His death maketh a great alteration in France 682 H. HEnry 8. King of England writeth against Luther and gaineth the Title of Defender of the Faith 16 Marrieth Anne Bullen 68 Withdraweth his obedience from the Pope and denieth to pay the Peter pence 69 Protesteth against the councel of Mantua 83 And againe against the councell of Vincentia 85 is excommunicated by the Pope and the reasons are declared 86 87 The excommunication was generally contemned 87 He maketh an Edict in matter of religion 89 He dieth and his death causeth much ioy in Rome and Trent 260 Henry 2. the French King maketh a solemne entry into France proceedeth seuerely against the Protestants 297 298 Professeth extraordinary good will to Pope Iulius the 3. 305 Protecteth Parma against the Pope and the Emperour 311 Protesteth against the councel of Trent 315 319 Persecuteth the Protestants 322 But afterwards vseth moderation 407 Proceedeth against the Counsellors of Parliament in a Mercutiall 414 415 He dieth 416 Hermit Friars were ordinarie publishers of Indulgences in Saxonie but were excluded by Aremboldus 5 Hierarohie of the Church what it is 589 590 591. The forme of Hierarchie in what it consisteth 591 592 it should rather be called Hierodoulia 743 Hugonius a French Diuine betrayeth his countrey-men in Councell 632 but cannot endure the flattery of Laynez the Iesuite in maintaining the Popes authority 722 Hugonots in France doe wax bold 470 they haue 2150. Churches in France 480 I. IEsuites will obserue no rule in Councell 543 why their Generall is not in the Catalogue of
147 The fourth Apr. 8. 1546. 162 The fift Iune 17. 1546. 184 The sixt Ian. 13. 1547. 223 The seuenth March 3. 1547. 263 The eight March 11. 1547. 267 The ninth and first in Bolonia Aprill 21. 1547 270 The tenth and second in Bolonia Iune 11. 1547. 276 The eleuenth Session and first in the second reduction in Trent May 1. 1551 313 The twelfth and second in the second reduction in Trent Sept. 1. 1551. 317 The thirteenth Session Oct. 11. 1551. 339 The fourteenth Nouemb. 25. 1551. 356 The fifteenth Ian. 25. 1552. 369 The sixteenth which is the sixt and last vnder Pope Iulius the third April 28. 1552. 376 The seuenteenth and first vnder Pope Pius the fourth Feb. 26. 1562. 469 The eighteenth and second vnder Pius the fourth Feb. 26. 1562. 480 The nineteenth May. 14. 1562 506 The twentieth Iune 4. 1562. 511 The one and twentieth Iul. 16. 1562. 539 The two and twentieth Sept. 17. 1562. 572 The three and twentieth Iul. 15. 1563. 737 The foure and twentieth Nouem 11. 1563. 783 The fiue and twentieth and last of the Councell of Trent December 3. and 4. 1563. 805 Session in the Councell of Trent had no reall difference from a generall congregation 662 Siluester Prierias writeth against Luther 6 Simoneta maketh a faction about the Institution of Bishops 607 Simonie is discussed with all doubts belonging to it 398 399 492 c. Simonie is laid to the charge of Pope Pius the fourth 628 Smalcalda in which there was a great assembly of the Protestants 77 Soto is suspected to bee a Lutheran 178 writeth three bookes De natura gratia as a Commentarie vpon that Decree of the Councell and is opposed by Andreas Vega. 216 229 Being readie to die hee writeth a letter to the Pope concerning Conciliarie matters 693 Subscription of the Decrees of the Councell 813 Suisses are diuided in religion 45 Make a league after the death of Zuinglius 60 are inuited to the Councell by the Pope 164 are much fauored by Pope Iulius the third 313 Supplication sent out of France into Spaine 447 Suspension of the Councell is made for two years 376 377 But continueth ten yeares 381 T THechel a Dominican writeth again Luther 5 Title of the Councell is much questioned 134 141 142 481. Titular Bishops spoken against and defended 717 The Bishop of Conimbria speaketh against them 735 Traditions are diâ—oursed on 151 152 c. Are made to â—e of equall authority with the Scriptur 154 Translation of the Councell to Bolonia is resolued on in Rome 259 and executed in Trent 266 267 c. The discussion of the cause thereof is referred to certaine delegates in Rome 283 Treasure of the Church what it is 6 Trent is named for the place to hold the Councell in but the Protestants will not consent 101 The Legates are recalled from Trent because they were left alone 104 and are sent thither againe 111 The Councell of Trent is protested against by the Protestants 126 It beginneth the 13. of December Anno Dom. 1545 129 130 V. VErgerius is sent Nuncio to King Ferdinand 52 Is made Nuncio in the place of Hugo Rangone Bishop of Rheggio 66 Is recalled out of Germanie 72 and sent backe 73 His negotiation 74 Returneth to the Pope and is rewarded 78 Goeth to the Colloquie in Wormes vnder a false name 93 Flyeth to the Councell for succour and after quitteth both it and Italy 154 Discouereth the plots of the Romanists to the Suisses and Grisons 345 Writeth against the Bull of the intimation of the Councell 436 Being in Valtellina maketh obiections against the Councel 743 Vincentia is chosen to hold the Councell in 84 Three Legats are sent thither 85 The Councell is deferred 86 and afterwards suspended during pleasure 90 The Venetians will not suffer the Councell to be held in Vincentia 100 Virgin Marie is exempted from sinne by the Franciscans 175 180 How she came to be worshipped 181 182 Vnction and the doctrine of it 350 351 Vnction of Benefices was inuented to Palliate Pluralitie 251 Vniuersities of Louaine Collen condemne Luthers Bookes 9 and so doth the Vniuersitie of Paris 16 Voices in Councell to whom they belong by right 62 How they haue beene giuen in Councell in all ages 135 Whether they may be giuen by Proctors 707 Vulgar tongue in the Church what inconuenience it bringeth 460 How it hath beene vsed in former times 577 578 W. WAldenses or Albigenses in the Alpes 3 are miserably slaine by the Frenchmen 119 Obtaine a great victory against the Duke of Sauoy 446 War betweene the Emperour and the French King 102 The Pope doth more intend the war against the Protestants then the Councell 144 Rumors of the Protestants armes causeth the Counsell to be suspended 377 Warre in France betweene the Protestants and Papists 647 Wolsey is delegated by the Pope to heare the cause of the diuorce of Henry the eight 68 Workes of good men how they are to be valued 196 Workes before grace 198 Workes after grace 199 Z. ZVinglius in Zuric opposeth the Pope beginning from the abuse of Indulgences preached by Friar Samson amongst the Suisses 9 The Bishop of Constance writeth and the Dominicans preach against him by which meanes he is the more stirred vp 16 His difference with Luther 48 Is slaine in battaile 59 Zuric maketh a Decree in fauour of the reformed religion 17 FINIS LONDON ¶ Printed by Bonham Norton and Iohn Bill Printers to the Kings most Excellent Maiestie ANNO DOM. M. DC XXIX
the malady carying with it in consequence a reformation he abhorred it Hee considered with himselfe how to call a Councell in Rome or some other place of the Churches dominion as his Predecessor and himselfe had celebrated with singular fruit the Councell of Lateran a few yeeres before hauing by that meanes appeased the schisme reduced the kingdome of France which was separated and which was of no lesse importance abolished the Prgamaticall Sanction doubly contrary to the monarchy of Rome as well in regard it was an example to take from him the collation of benefices a great foundation of the Pontificall greatnesse as also because it was a preseruation of the memory of the Councell of Basil and by consequence of the subiection of the Pope to a generall Synode But afterwards hee saw not how a Councell of that sort could giue remedy to the disease which was not in the Princes and great Prelates with whom familiarity and interest preuailed but in the people with whom it was necessary to vse reality and to make a true mutation The case The death of Pope Leo. standing thus in the end of the yeere 1521. Pope Leo departed this life 51 And in the beginning of the next yeere the ninth of Ianuary Adrian was Adriax is created Pope and much feared 1522 created Which assumption to the Popedome being made of a man who was neuer seene in Rome vnknowne to the Cardinals and the Court and remained in Spaine besides the world holding an opinion that hee would not approue the manners of the Romans nor the free life of the Courtiers all mens thoughts were turned to consider of it so that Luthers innouations were no more thought of Some doubted that hee was too much inclined to a reformation others that hee would call the Cardinals vnto him and so transport the Papacy out of Italy as had happened at other times But they were soone deliuered from this great feare For the new Pope the next day after he had receiued aduice of his election which was the 22. of the same moneth in the city of Victoria in Biscay not expecting the Legats sent vnto him from the Colledge of Cardinals to signifie it vnto him and to haue his consent assembled those few Prelates which he could get consented to the Election and hauing taken the habit and armes declared himselfe Pope and went presently to Barcellona where he wrote to the Colledge of Cardinals the cause why he had taken vpon him the name and charge of the Pope without expecting the Legates committing also vnto them the publication of it throughout all Italy He was inforced to tarry at Barcellona a conuenient time to passe the gulfe of Lions which was very dangerous yet he deferred no longer then needs must to imbarke for Italy and arriued there in the end of August 1522. 52 Adrian found all Italy in commotion by reason of the warre betweene the Emperour and the French King and the Apostolicall Sea ouer head and The troubled state of Italy at the arriuall of Adrian eares in a particular warre with the Dukes of Ferrara and Vrbin Arimini newly taken by the Malatesti the Cardinals diuided and not trusting one another the Isle of Rhodes assieged by the Turkes the lands of the Church exhausted and in extreame confusion during the anarchy of eight moneths Notwithstanding hee applied himselfe principally to compose the discords in religion in Germany And being nourished and brought vp from his childhood in the studies of School-Diuinity he held those opinions to be so cleare and euident that he was perswaded that no reasonable man could thinke the contrary Wherefore he gaue no other title to the doctrine of Luther but vnsauoury Adrian was very learned ' in Schoole Diuinity The Epithetes he gaue to the doctrine of Luther foolish and vnreasonable and thought that none but some fewe fooles could beleeue it and that those that followed Martin were men who in their conscience vndoubtedly maintained the opinions of the Church of Rome and fained the contrary beeing prouoked by the burthens layd vpon them His opinion therefore was that it must needes bee an easie thing to extinguish that doctrine which had none other foundation then matter of profite and thought that by giuing some small satisfaction the body would easily bee healed which rather made shew to bee sicke then that it was so indeed Adrian borne in Vtrect And because he was borne in Vtrect a city of low Germanie hee hoped that all that nation would willingly hearken to his proposes and ingage themselues to maintaine his authority as being an Alman and so sincere in all his treaties that he vsed neither Arts nor secret ends And being perswaded that it imported much to vse celerity he resolued to make his first proposition in the Diet which was prepared at Noremberg which to the ende it He resolueth to make a reformation before he maketh his first proposition in the Diet of Noremberg might be gratefully heard and his promise esteemed reall he thought it necessary to giue a taste by beginning a reformation before hee treated with them remoouing the abuses which caused the dissention To this ende hee called to Rome Iohn Peter Caraffa Archbishop of Chieti and Marcellus Cazele of Gaeta men esteemed for their honesty and vertues and very skilfull in whatsoeuer belonged to Ecclesiasticall discipline that by the counsell of them and of the Cardinals which he trusted hee might finde some remedy against the corruptions which were of greatest moment In this number the prodigality vsed in giuing Indulgences first presented it selfe vnto him because it gaue way to the reputation which the new Preachers in Germany had gained 53 The Pope being a Diuine who had written in this matter long before Luther thought to handle it meant to establish by an Apostolicall Decree and as Pope that doctrine which being a priuate man he had taught and written That is that an Indulgence being granted to one that shall doe such a godly worke the worke may be performed by some in such perfection that he may obtaine the Indulgence but if it want something of that exactnesse the worker obtaineth not all the Indulgence but onely so much as answereth in proportion to the imperfect worke The Pope thought that by this meanes hee should not onely prouide against scandall hereafter but remedy also those that were past because it being possible to qualifie with so good circumstances euery little worke that it may deserue any great reward Luthers obiection was answered how by the offering of a penny so great a treasure could bee gained and seeing that by the defect of the worke he that gaineth not all obtaineth notwithstanding a proportionable part the faithfull drewe not themselues backe from seeking Indulgences 54 But Friar Thomas of Gaeta Cardinall of S. Sistus a perfect Diuine disswaded it telling him that this was to punish that truth which for the safetie of soules it was better to
the which hee was assured that if the French King and the Venetians had beene conquerours in Italie they would haue maintained in libertie Yet keeping this within his breast for the present he excused himselfe that by reason of his pouertie and want of power it would rather be a burthen then an ease to the confederats and that the depriuation of the Emperour would cause Germany to be suspicious that he would pretend to haue authoritie to create the Emperour And thinking that his confederates perceiued what he aymed at as he was excellent in couering his designes he made all demonstration that hee had laid The Pope maketh shew to haue laid aside all careof temporall things aside all thought of Temporall things He let the Florentines vnderstand many moneths together that he was most vnwilling to meddle in their gouernment onely desiring that they would acknowledge him as Pope and not more then other Christian Princes did that they would not persecute his family in their priuate affaires that they would be contented that their armes should stand within the buildings of his predecessors Hee spake of nothing but of reforming the Church and reducing the Lutherans That he was resolued to passe into Germanie in person to giue such an example that all should be conuerted And these were the speaches he vsed all this yeere so that many beleeued for certaine that those afflictions which God had laid vpon him for his amendment had procured their due fruit But that which followed in the yeeres after made the godly beleeue that they were as seed sowen vpon a rocke or by the way side and the wise that they were a baite to bring the Florentines asleepe 103 The next yeare 1529 a peace being negotiated between the Emperour and the French King and the heate of warre abated the treaties of a Councell 1529 The treaties of the Councell begin againe beganne againe For Francis Guignones Cardinall of Santa Croce hauing brought out of Spaine from the Emperour to the Pope the release of Ostia Ciuitta Vecchia and other Townes belonging to the Church consigned to the Emperours ministers for securitie of the Popes promises together with The cautionary townes are restored to the Pope large offers Clement considering the treatie of peace which was negotiated with the French King and how much his owne interests required that hee should be firmely ioyned with Charles hee sent vnto him vnto Barcellona Ierolamo Bishop of Vasone master of his house to treate the articles of accord betweene them which were easily concluded for that the Pope promised the inuestiture of Naples for the tribute of a white horse onely the A peace is cōcluded betweene the Pope and the Emperour with diuerse conditions patronage of the 24. Churches passage for his men and the Imperial Crowne On the other the Emperour promised to restore into Florence the Popes Nephew the sonne of Lorenzo and to giue him to wife Margarite his bastard daughter and to assist him in the recouerie of Ceruia Rauenna Modena and Rheggio taken from him by the Venetians and the Duke of Ferrara They agreed also to receiue one another at the Coronation with the accustomed ceremonies Onely one point was long disputed For the Popes Ministers proposed that Charles and Ferdinand should be bound to constraine the Lutherans by force of armes to returne to the obedience of the Church of Rome and those that were for the Emperour required that to reduce them the better the Pope should call a generall Councell After long discussion of this point not to cut off so many other important designes on which they A point much dispùted betweene the Pope end the Emperour were agreed it was resolued to stand in this article in generall tearmes and concluded that to reduce the Lutherans to the vnion of the Church the Pope should vse spirituall meanes and Charles and Ferdinand temporall who also should make warre against them if they remained obstinate and in that case the Pope should prouide that the other Christian Princes should assist them 104 In this sort the confederation was concluded with much ioy of Clement Clement suddenly recouereth all his greatnesse and maruell of the world how hauing lost all his state and reputation he should returne to the same greatnes in so short a time In Italie which saw an accident so full of varietie or rather contrarietie it was esteemed a diuine miracle and by those that loued the Court it was ascribed to a demonstration of the fauour of God towards the Church 105 But in Germanie a Diet being intimated in Spira which began the 15. of He sendeth to the Diet of Spira March the Pope sent thither Iohn Thomas of Mirandula to exhort them to the warre against the Turke promising to contribute himselfe also as much as his forces exhausted by the calamities of the yeares past would allow him to doe and to giue assurance that he would vse all industrie to accord the differences betweene the Emperour and the French King that all things being pacified and all impediments taken away he might apply himselfe as soone as it was possible to the calling and celebration of a Councell to reestablish Religion in Germanie 106 In the Diet they first treated of Religion And the Catholiques thought The Landgraue of Hassia preuenteth the diuision which the Romane Catholiques would haue made amongst the Reformatists to put dissention between their aduersaries diuided into two opinions some following the doctrine of Luther and some of Zuinglius if the Landgraue of Hassia a man wise and prouident had not withstood the danger shewing that the difference was not great and giuing hope that it might easily be accorded and declaring the dammage that would arise by the diuision and the aduantage which their aduersaries would haue gained After long disputation in the Diet to finde out a forme of composition in the ende a Decree was made that the Decree of the former Diet of Spira beeing wrested by the bad interpretations to defend all absurditie of opinions and The decree of the Diet of Spira therefore being now constrained to expound it they ordained That whosoeuer had obserued the Emperours Edict of Wormes should obserue it still compelling also the people thereunto vntill the time of the Councel which the Emperour gaue assured hope should be called shortly and hee that had changed doctrine and could not bee reduced without danger of sedition should abide there and innouate nothing more vntill the Councell began that the Masse should not bee taken away nor hindred in any place where the new doctrine was receiued that Anabaptisme should be punished capitally according to the Edict published by the Emperour which they ratified and that concerning the Sermons and Prints the Decrees made in the two last Diets of Noremberg should be obserued that is that the Preachers bee circumspect take heede of giuing offensiue words and giue not occasion to the people to rise
himselfe for his owne part would willingly make present answere to the things proposed but because there are many Princes which haue receiued the same confession in the Diet of Ausbug it was not fit nor profitable for the cause to answere alone but an assembly being intimated against the 24. of Iune hee desired hee would bee contented to grant this short delay that he might receiue a more common and resolute conclusion The ioy and hope of the Nuncio was much increased The Nuncio is pleased with the delatory answere The answere of the Protestants assembled in Smalcalde who desired the delay had been rather of yeeres then moneths But the Protestants assembled at the aforesaid time in Smalcalde answered thanking the Emperor that for the glory of God and safetie of the common-wealth hee had taken paines to cause a Councell to bee celebrated which would bee in vaine if conditions were not obserued necessary for the curing of the diseases of Germanie which desireth that her controuersies may be defined with due order and hopeth to obtaine it for that the Emperour hath in many imperiall Diets promised such a one which by the mature deliberation of the Princes and States hath been resolued should be celebrated in Germanie in regard that many errors being reuealed by occasion of the Indulgences published in Sermons Pope Leo condemned the doctrine and the Doctors who discouered the abuses But that sentence was opposed by the testimonies of the Prophets and Apostles Whence did arise the controuersie which cannot be decided but in a Councell where the Popes sentence or the power of whosoeuer may not preiudice the cause and where iudgement may be giuen not according to the Popes lawes or opinions of the Schooles but according to the holy Scripture If this be not performed this so great a labour would bee taken in vaine as may appeare by the examples of some other Councels celebrated before Now the propositions of the Pope were contrary to this end to the petitions of the Diet and promises of the Emperour For though hee propose And their exceptions against the propositions of the Pope a free Councell in words yet in effect hee would haue it tied so that vices and errors may not be reprehended and himselfe may maintaine his power That that was not a reasonable demand that any man should bind himselfe to obserue the decrees before he know by what order maner or forme they are made whether the Pope desire to haue the supreme authoritie in him and his whether hee will haue the controuersies discussed according to holy writ or according to humane lawes and traditions That that clause also seemed captious that the Councell should bee made according to the old custome For it being vnderstood of that old when all was determined by the holy Scriptures they would not refuse it But the Councels of the next preceding age were much different from the other that were more ancient where too much was attributed to the Decrees of Popes and other men That the propose was glorious but it tooke absolutely away the libertie which was demanded and was necessary for the cause That they desired the Emperour to bee a meanes that all might passe lawfully That all men were in attention and stood in hope of a Councell and demanded it with vowes and prayers which would bee turned into great sorrow and vexation of minde if this expectation should bee deluded by giuing a Councell but not such a one as is desired and promised That there is no doubt but that all the States of the Empire and other Kings and Princes also will bee of the same opinion to auoid those snares and bonds with which the Pope thinketh to binde them in a new Councell to whose will if the managing of the affaires shall be permitted they will referre the whole to God and thinke of what they haue to doe Yet for all this if they shall bee cited with good and lawfull assurance in case they see themselues able to doe some thing for the seruice of God they will not refuse to appeare but with condition not to consent to the Popes demands nor to a Councell which is not conformable to the Decrees of the imperiall Diets In the end they prayed the Emperour not to take their resolution in ill part and to endeuour that the power of those be not confirmed who long since haue waxed cruell against the innocent The Protestants resolued not onely to send the answere to the Pope and the Emperour but to print it also together with the Nuncio his proposition which by the same Pope was iudged indiscreete and too open Therefore The Pope recalleth Hugo Rangone B. of Rheggio his Nuncio and putteth Vergerius in his place vnder colour that hee was old and vnable to beare that charge he recalled him and wrote to Vergerius Nuncio with King Ferdinand that he should take vpon him that place with the same instructions admonishing him to remember not to swarue by any meanes from his will or to giue eare to any 1534 CLEMENT 7. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 2. moderation though the King desire it that vnaduisedly he cast him not into some strait and constraine him to call a Councell which was not profitable for the Church or for the Apostolicall Sea While these things were in handling the Pope who fore-saw the answere which would come out of Germany before in Bolonia had conceiued but small confidence in the Emperour wholly aliened himselfe from his friendship For in the cause of Modena and Rheggio betweene his Holinesse and the Duke of Ferrara referred to him by the parties hee pronounced for the Duke For all which causes the Pope negotiated a confederation with the French King the which was concluded and established also by the mariage The confederation betweene the Pope and the French King is confirmed by marriage of Henry the Kings second sonne with Catherine de Medici the Popes great grand-child And to giue a compleat perfection to the whole businesse hee went to Marseilles in person to speake with the King But vnderstanding that this iourney was reprehended by all as not addressed to any publike respect but onely to make his house great hee iustified himselfe by saying hee vndertooke it to perswade him to fauour the Councell and to abolish the Lutheran heresie And t is true that there beside other treaties hee perswaded his most Christian Maiestie to deale with the Protestants especially with the Landgraue of Hassia who was to come to him into France to cause them to desist from demaunding a Councel proposing vnto them that they would seeke out any other way to accommodate the differences and promising his owne faithfull and effectuall helpe when time should serue The King did thus negotiate but could obtaine nothing For the Landgraue alleadged The French King treateth with the Landgraue of Hassia at the Popes request about the Councell that there was no other meanes
to hinder the desolation of Germany and that not to speake of a Councell was willingly to runne into a ciuill warre In the second place the King treated with them that they would be contented with a Councell in Italie But neither did the Germans agree vnto this for they sayd that this match was worse then the first because that constrained them onely to make warre but this cast them into a seruitude both of body and soule whereunto resistance could not be made but by a Councell in a free place yet condescending for his Maiesties sake to whatsoeuer they were able they would cease to demand to haue it celebrated in Germany so that another free place were appointed out of Italie though it were neere vnto it In the beginning of the yeere 1534. the King gaue the Pope an account 1534 of what hee had done and offered to bring to passe that the Protestants should bee contented with Geneua The Pope hauing receiued the aduise The Pope is displeased with the Propose of Geneua for the 〈◊〉 place of the Councell was vncertaine whether the King though his confederate and kinsman would be glad to see him in troubles or if in this particular hee wanted that discretion which he shewed in other affaires But hee concluded that it was not good to vse him in this matter And writing vnto him thanked him for his paines without answering to the particular of Geneua and hee incouraged many of the Courtiers whose mindes were troubled assuring them that by no meanes he would consent to such a folly But this yeere the Pope in stead of regaining Germanie lost the obedience He looseth the obedience of England of England by proceeding rather with choler and passion then with wisedome necessarie in so great negotiations The accident was of great importance and greater consequence which to declare distinctly it is necessary to begin from the first causes whence it had its originall Catherine Infanta of Spaine sister to the mother of Charles the Emperour was married to Henry the eight King of England and was before the wife of Arthure Prince of Walles Henryes eldest brother after whose death their father gaue her in marriage to Henry who remained successor by the dispensation The cause of Pope Iulio the second This Queene was with child often and alwayes either miscaried or brought foorth a creature of a short life except one only daughter King Henry either for displeasure against the Emperor or for desire of issue male or for some other cause conceiued a scruple in his mind that the mariage was not good and taking counsell of his Bishops separated himselfe from her company The Bishops treated with the Queene that shee would be contented with a diuorce saying that the Popes dispensation was neither good nor true The Queene would not giue eare to them but had recourse to the Pope to whom the King also sent to craue a diuorce The Pope who was still retired in Oruieto and hoped for good conditions in his affaires if the fauours of France and England which still they performed were continued by molesting the Emperour in the kingdome of Naples sent into England the Cardinal Campeggio delegating the cause vnto him and the Cardinall of Yorke From these and from Rome the King had hope giuen him that in the end the sentence should bee on his side Yea to facilitate The Cardinals Campeggio and Wolsie were delegated by the Pope to heare the cause of the Kings diuorce the resolution that the solemnities of the iudgement might not draw the cause in length a briefe was framed in which hee was declared free from that marriage with the most ample clauses that euer were put into any Popes Bull and a Cardinall sent into England with order to present it after some few proofes were past which he was sure would easily be made And The Pope caused his Briefe which he had made in fauour of the diuorce to be burned this happened in the yeere 1524. But Clement iudging it fitter for compassing his designes vpon Florence as hath beene declared in its proper place to ioyne himselfe with the Emperour then to continue in the friendship of France and England in the yeere 1529. hee sent Francis Campana vnto Campeggio with order to burne the Briefe and to proceed slowly in the cause Campeggio began first to draw the cause in length and after to make difficultie of performing the promises made to the King Whereby beeing assured that the Iudge and his aduersaries did collude hee sent to the Vniuersities of Italie France and Germanie for a consultation in his cause where amongst A consultation about the cause of diuorce the Diuines some were contrary and some fauourable to his pretension The greater part of the Parisians were on his side and some beleeued that the Kings giftes more perswaded them then reason But the Pope either to gratifie the Emperour or for feare that in England by meanes of the Cardinall of Yorke something might happen not according The Pope to gratifie the Emperour recalleth Campeggio to his minde as also to giue occasion to Campeggio to part from thence called the cause to himselfe The King impatient of delay either because he knew their cunning or for some other cause published the diuorce with his wife and married Anne Bullen in the yere 1533. yet still the cause depended before the Pope in which he was resolued to proceede slowly to The King in 〈…〉 yeth 〈◊〉 Bulle◠satisfie the Emperour and not offend the King Therefore some by points rather were handled then the merits of the cause And the disputation grew vpon the Article of the Attentats in which the Pope gaue sentence against the King declaring that it was not lawfull for him by his owne authoritie without the Ecclesiasticall Iudge to separate himselfe from his wife For which cause the King in the beginning of this yeere 1534 denied the Pope obedience commanding all his subiects not to carry any money to Rome The King causeth the Peter-pence to be denied the Pope nor to pay the ordinary Peter-pence This infinitely troubled the Court of Rome and dayly they consulted of a remedie They thought to proceede against the King with censures and to interdict all Christian Nations all commerce with England But the moderate Counsell pleased best to temporize with him and to mediate a composition by the French King King Francis accepted the charge and sent the Bishop of Paris to Rome to negotiate a pacification with the Pope where they still proceeded in the cause but gently and with resolution not to come to censures if the Emperour did not proceede first or at the same time with his forces They had diuided the cause into three and twenty Articles and then they handled whether Prince Arthure had had carnall coniunction with Queene Catherine in this they spent time vntill mid-lent was past when the nineteenth of March newes came that a
Consistorie the 28. of April thanked the Pope and Colledge for hauing readily and without delay resolued to call a generall Councell and then desired them that the Bull The Emperor entereth into the publike Consistorie might be dispatched before hee parted from Rome that himselfe might giue order for the rest The Bull could not be framed so soone because it was necessarie to consider of fit words to be put into it such as might giue as much hope of libertie as was possible and yet not preiudice the Papall power Sixe Cardinals and three Bishops were deputed for this businesse The Bull for Conuocation of the Councell is made and finally the Bull was finished the twelfth of Iune published in the Consistory and subscribed by all the Cardinals The tenor was as followeth That from the beginning of his Papacie hee had desired nothing more then to cleanse the Church recommended by God to his care from heresies and errors and to restore the discipline to its former state for which finding no way more commodious then that which alwayes hath bene vsed in like occurrences that is a generall Councell he had often written concerning it to the Emperour and other Kings with hope not onely to obtaine this end but also that all discords being appeased betweene Princes of Christendome warre might bee made against the Infidels to free the Christians from that miserable slauerie and also to reduce the Infidels themselues to the faith Therefore by the fulnesse of authoritie which he hath from God by the consent of his brethren the Cardinals hee doth intimate a generall Councell of all Christendome against the 27. of May the next yeare 1537. The Councell is to begin in Mantua May 27. 1537. in Mantua a rich place and commodious for the celebration of the Councel Therefore he commandeth the Bishops and other Prelats of what place soeuer by vertue of their oath and vnder the paines set downe by the holy canons and decrees that they tender their presence there at the day prefixed He prayeth the Emperour French King and all other Kings and Princes to be there in person or in case they cannot to send honourable and ample ambassages as the Emperour French King and other Christian Princes haue often promised both to Clement and to him and to cause the prelats of their Kingdomes to goe thither and there remaine vntill the end to determine that which shall be fit to reforme the Church extirpate heresies and to make warre against the Infidels The Pope published another Bull also to correct as he sayd all the vices A Bull for the reformation of Rome and defects of the Citie of Rome the head of all Christendome mistris of learning manners and discipline that his owne house being first purged he might more easily cleanse the rest But not being able fully to performe this businesse by himselfe he deputed the Cardinals Ostiense Saint Seuerino Genutio and Simoneta commanding all men vnder the most grieuous paines to yeeld them absolute obedience These Cardinals together with other Prelats deputed also by the Pope applyed themselues immediatly to reforme the penitentiarie and Datarie Courts and the manners of the Courtiers yet nothing 1537 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. tooke effect But the intimation of the Councell seemed very vnfit to euery man of any meane capacitie in a time when warres were on foote in Picardie Prouence and Piemont betweene the Emperour and the French King The Protestants when they had seene the bull wrote to the Emperour The Protestants doe not approoue the Bull of the Conuocation that it appeared not what should be the forme and maner of the Councell They desired it should be pious free and in Germanie and such a one was euer promised vnto them and said they hoped that his Maiestie would prouide that their demaunds should bee satisfied and his promise fulfilled But in the beginning of the next yeere 1537. the Emperor sent to the Protestants Matthias Eldo his Vice-Chancellor to exhort them to receiue the 1537 The Emperor exhorteth thē to accept the Councell Councel for the calling whereof he had taken so great paines and where he meaned to affoord his personall presence if some great warre constrained him not to be elsewhere He put them in mind that they had appealed to a Councell and therefore that it was not conuenient that now they should change their purpose and refuse to meete all other Nations who haue fixed therein all their hope for reformation of the Church Concerning the Pope the Emperor sayd there was no doubt but that hee would gouerne himselfe as was fit for the principall head of the Church and that in casethey had any complaint against him they might modestly prosecute it in the Councel For the manner and forme that it was not conuenient they should prescribe it to all Nations but should rather thinke that not their diuines onely were inspired from God and vnderstood holy mysteries but that men may elsewhere be found who want neither learning nor sanctitie of life For the place though they haue demanded it in Germanie yet the should consider what was fit for other Nations Mantua is neere to Germany rich healthfull and the Duke thereof vassall of the Empire so that the Pope hath no power there and if they desired any further caution himfelfe was ready to giue it them Hee spake also apart with the Elector of Saxonie exhorting him to send his Ambassadours to the Councell without vsing exceptions or excuses which would hatch nothing but inconueniences Concerning the And they answere Councell the Protestants answered that hauing read the Popes letters they saw well that hee and the Emperour were not of one mind and hauing repeated what was treated of with Adrian Clement and Paul they concluded that they had all the same end They went on to alledge their reasons why the Pope should not be iudge in the Councell nor yet those who were by oath tyed vnto him And for the place appointed beside that it was against the Decrees of the Imperiall Diets no safe conduct could free them from danger if they went thither For the Pope hauing adherents throughout all Italy who bitterly hate the Protestants doctrine there was great danger of treachery and secret plots Besides in regard that many Doctors and Ministers ought to goe in person because it is not fit to handle a matter of that importance by deputies their Churches would be left desolate And how can they consent to the iudgement of the Pope who hath no other ayme but to roote out their doctrine which hee calleth heresie and cannot refraine from saying so much in all his Buls yea in that by which hee intimateth the Councell and in the Bull which dissemblingly hee made for reformation of the Court of Rome hee hath often repeated that hee hath called a Councell to extirpate the Lutheran heresie and maketh demonstration thereof by effects exercising bloudie torments
iusticed they should doe their businesse with too much feare Notwithstanding the Pope forsooke not his resolution but found a temper neuer vsed by any of his predecessors to lift vp the thunderbolt with his hand and to threaten to shoote yet to hold it without flinging it abroad and so to satisfie the Cardinals the Court and others and not to put the Papal authoritie in hazard Therefore he framed a Processe and most seuere sentence against that King the thirtieth of August 1535. and withall suspended the publication during his pleasure Yet secretly he let the copie goe into the hands of some that hee knew would cause it to bee deliuered to the King dispersing the rumor of the Bull that was framed and the suspension with fame that very suddenly hee would remooue the suspension and come to publication yet with deseigne neuer to proceede so farre And though hee wanted not hope that the King either for feare of the excommunication framed or by the inclination of his people or by the satietie of punishments vsed against those that disobeyed his Decree would induce himselfe or by the mediation of the Emperour or French King when by reason of the occurrences of the world hee should bee constrained to vnite himselfe with either of them would bee induced to yeeld yet he was principally mooued by the forenamed cause that he might not shew the weakenesse of his weapons and more confirme the King in his separation But in the end of three yeeres hee changed his purpose by reason of the prouocation which the King seemed to vse against him by sending out manifests against all his callings of the Councell and by opposing his actions though without particular offence of his person and lastly by hauing prosecuted cited condemned S. Thomas of Canterbury for a traitour to the The King of England senteneeth S. Thomas Bec 〈…〉 kingdome with confiscation of goods whom Alexander the third canonized in the yeere 1171. for being slaine in defence of the Ecclesiasticall power and liberty whose solemne feast the Church of Rome doth annually obserue which sentence was executed by taking the bones out of the graue which were publikely burned by the hangman and the ashes sprinkled in the riuer putting his hands into the treasures ornaments and reuenues of the Churches dedicated to him which was to touch a secret of the Popedome of farre greater importance then the matter of the Councel Whereunto ioyning some hope which hee conceiued from the conference with the French King which was that he would assist the malecontents of England so soone as hee was free from the warres with the Emperour the 17. of December he brandished the thunder-bolt of excommunication made three yeeres before and opened his hand to cast it forth which all this while was readie to doe it The causes alleadged were in substance these The diuorce obedience The causes of the excommunication and the punishments taken away the death of the Cardinall of Rochester and the proceeding against S. Thomas The punishments to the King were depriuation of his Kingdome and to his adherents of whatsoeuer they possessed commanding his Subiects to denie him obedience and strangers to haue any commerce in that kingdome and all to take armes against and to persecute both himselfe and his followers granting them their states and goods for their prey and their persons for their slaues But how much the Popes Briefe was esteemed and his commandements The excommunication was generally contemned obserued the leagues confederations peaces treaties which by the Emperour French King and other Catholique Princes were made with that King doe euidently declare In the beginning of the yeere 1539 new controuersies being raised in 1539 Germanie about religion and perhaps by men ofbad intentions who vsed it but for a pretence there was an assembly held in Francfurt whither the An assembly is helde in Francfurt about religion Emperour sent a commissioner and after long disputation there it was by his consent concluded the 19. of April that there should bee a conference in Noremberg the first of August to create quietly and louingly of Religion 1539 PAVL 3. 1. C 〈…〉 15. HENRY 8. 3. F 〈…〉 where on the one side and the other besides the Doctors other persons of wisedome were to be present sent by the Emperour King Ferdinand and other Princes to superintend at the colloquie and deale betweene the parties and what was determined by common consent should be signified to all the orders of the Empire and ratified by the Emperor in the next Diet. The Catholikes would haue the Pope intreated to send also some person to the conferent 〈◊〉 but the Protestants thought it contrary to their protestation and therefore it was not done This newes of the assembly being arriued at Whereat the Pope was much offended Rome the Pope was offended as well because there should be a treatie about Religion in Germanie as because it derogated from the credit of the Councell intimated though hee cared very little to haue it celebrated and more particularly because there was a dispute to admit of one to bee sent by him and in the end his authoritie wholly reiected Therefore hee suddenly dispatched into Spaine the Bishop of Monte Pulciano whose principall message was to perswade the Emperour not to confirme yea rather to annihilate the Decrees of that Diet. The Nuncio had a great and long instruction first to complaine grieuously He sendeth a Nuncio to the Emperor of the demeanor of Iohn Vessalius Archbishop of London his Commissary who forgetting his oath made to that Sea and infinite Benefits receiued from the Pope and the instruction giuen him by the Emperour had consented to the demands of the Lutherans with preiudice of the Apostolique Sea and dishonour of his imperiall Maiestie That London was corrupted with gifts and promises the Citie of Ausburg hauing giuen him 250. thousand Florins of gold and the King of Denmarke promised him 4. thousand Florins yeerely out of the fruits of his Archbishoprique of London which was taken from him That he thought to take a wife and forsake the Church A Citie in Denmarke and had neuer entred into holy orders The Nuncio had commandement to shew to the Emperour that if the things which London had graunted were confirmed by him they would shew that hee was not a sonne of the Apostolique Sea and that all the Catholique Princes of Germanie complained thereof and were of opinion that his Maiestie would not confirme them Hee gaue order also to propose vnto him his interests concerning the Dutchie of Ghelderland and the election of the King of the Romans to moue him the more putting him also in minde that hee could not haue Germanie at his disposition by tolerating the Lutheran heresies as London and others did perswade For it is a thing long since knowen that principalities cannot in likelihood be preserued where Religion is lost or where two religions are suffered
1532. would neuer haue an Imperiall Diet celebrated in his presence lest he should giue occasion of demanding a Nationall Councell he treated most seriously with the Emperour and with euery one of the Princes and besides published a writing addressed to the Catholikes Hee said therein that hee had diligently considered what a preiudice it would bee if the controuersies of doctrine should bee referred to The Legate publisheth a writing to disswade all treaties about relâ—ion in a Nationall Councell the Councell of a Nation and thought it his duetie to admonish them that they should by all meanes remooue that clause for that it was most manifest that questions of faith could not bee determined in a Nationall Councell because it concerned the Vniuersall state of the Church and if any thing were determined therein it would bee voyde and of no force And as in not celebrating such a Councell as hee was perswaded they would not they should doe a thing most acceptable to his Holinesse who is head of the Church and of all Councels so the celebration of it would bee most offensiue to him That it was a cleere case that by this meanes greater 〈…〉 ditions would arise in matter of Religion as well in other Nations as in that most noble Prouince That hee would not omit this duetie both to obey the instruction of his Holinesse and not to bee wanting to the charge of Legation layd vpon him The Princes answered this writing of the Legate that it was in his The answere of the Princes to the writing power to remedie all the inconueniences which might arise by perswading his Holines that a generall Councel might be intimated and celebrated without any more procrastination That by this meanes all occasion of a Nationall Councell which all the States of the Empire desired and prayed for would bee remooued But if the generall Councell so often promised and last of all by himselfe were not brought to effect the manifest necessitie of Germanie required that the controuersies should bee determined in a nationall Synod or in an imperiall Diet with the assistance of the Popes Legate The Protestant Diuines answered also in a long writing and said The answere of the Protestant Diuines that neither greater seditions nor any at all could arise when the controuersies of Religion shall bee composed according to the word of God and manifest vices corrected according to the doctrine of the Scripture and the vndoubted Canons of the Church That to determine of faith hath neuer been formerly denied to Nationall Councels because CHRIST hath promised his assistance where two or three shall bee assembled in his Name That the number was great not onely of Nationall Councels but euen of a very few Bishops which haue determined the controuersies and ordered the manners of the Church in Syria Greece Affrique Italie France and Spaine against the errours of Samosatenus Arrius the Donatists Pelagius and other heretiques whose determinations cannot bee called voyde of no force and vaine without impietie That it hath beene granted to the Sea of Rome to bee the first and to the Pope to haue the chiefest authoritie amongst the Patriarkes but that it is not found in any Father that hee hath beene called head of the Church or of the Councels CHRIST onely is head Paul Apollos and Cephas are but Ministers of the Church That what may bee expected from Rome the discipline there obserued so many ages and the tergiuersation to celebrate a lawfull Councel doe declare But the Emperour after long discussion the 28 of Iuly made the Recesse of the Diet remitting the whole action of the Colloquie vnto the generall Councell or National Synod of Germanie or a Diet of the Empire He promised to goe into Italie and to treate with the Pope for a Councell which if hee could not obtaine either generall or Nationall hee would intimate a Diet of the Empire within eighteene moneths to settle the matters of Religion and bee a meanes that the Pope should send thither a Legate Hee commanded the Protestants to receiue no new opinions but those that were agreed on and the Bishops to reforme their Churches Hee commanded that the Monasteries should not bee destroyed nor the goods of the Church vsurped nor any man sollicited to change religion And to 1542 PAVL 3 CHARLES 5. HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. giue the Protestants greater satisfaction hee added that concerning the doctrines not as yet accorded he prescribed them nothing but that they ought not to destroy the Cloysters of the Monkes but reduce them to a holy and Christian amendment that the Ecclesiasticall goods should not bee vsurped but left to the ministers without regard of diuersitie of religions that no man should bee mooued to change his religion but those receiued who change it willingly Hee suspended also the Recesse of Ausburg for as much as concerned religion and the things depending thereon vntill the controuersies were determined in a Councell or Diet. After the Diet was ended Caesar passed into Italie and discoursed with A conference betweene the Pope and Emperour in Lucca the Pope in Lucca concerning the Councell and the Turkish warre and concluded that the Pope should send a Nuncio into Germanie to take resolution both in the one matter and the other in the Diet which should bee held in Spira in the beginning of the next yeere and that the Councell should bee held in Vicenza as was before appointed The Pope signified the conclusion to the Senate of Venice who thought not fit for diuers respects that so great a multitude should meete in the Citie and should treate of the Turkish warre as certainely they would haue done either with a purpose to effect it or at the least to make a faire shew Whereupon they The Venetians will not suffer the Councell to be held in Vicenza answered that the case being altered by reason of an accord which they lately had made with the Turke they could not continue in the same opinion because Soliman would suspect that they mooued the Christian Princes to conspire against him Hereupon the Pope was constrained to alter his deseigne But the Cardnall Contarini was much calumniated in the Court of Rome where an opinion arose that hee was somewhat affected to The Legate Contarins was suspected of Lutheranisme Lutheranisme and those that spake least hurt of him sayd that hee opposed not as much as hee ought and that hee had put the Popes authoritie in hazard The Pope also distasted his seruice though hee were mightily defended by the Cardinall Fregoso But at his returne to his Holinesse whom hee found in Lucca expecting the Emperour hee rendred an account of his Legation and gaue absolute satisfaction The yeere 1541. ended thus and in the next the Pope sent Iohn Morone Bishop of Modena to Spira where the Diet was held in presence of Ferdinand 1542 Iohn Morone is sent Nuncio to the Diet of Spira who according to his
commission declared that the Popes minde concerning the Councell was the same as before that is that it should one day bee celebrated that hee had suspended it by Caesars consent to make way first to some concord in Germanie but seeing this to bee in vaine hee returned to his former opinion not to deferre the celebration of it But that hee could not consent to make it in Germanie because hee meant to bee there in person and that his age and length of the way and so great a change of the ayre hindered his going into that countrey And that it seemed not more commodious for other Nations Beside that there was a great probabilitie to feare that the differences could not be handled without commotions Therefore that Ferrara Bolonia or Piacenza all great and most opportune cities seemed to him more fit But in case they liked them not hee was contented to call it in Trent a Citie at the Confines of Germanie That his will was to begin it at Whitsontide but for the straightnesse of the time hee had prorogued it to the thirteenth of August Hee prayed them all to bee present there and laying aside all hatred to handle the cause of God with sinceritie Ferdinand and the Catholike Princes thanked the Pope and sayd that not being able to obtaine a fit place in Germanie as Ratibon or Collen they were contented with Trent But the Protestants would not agree 〈◊〉 Trent is named for the place of the Councel but the Protestants would not consent ther that the Councell should be intimated by the Pope or that Trent should be the place which was the cause why nothing was determined in that Diet concerning the Councell Howsoeuer the Pope sent out a Bull of the intimation the two and twentieth of May this yeere wherein hauing declared his desire to prouide The Pope publisheth the Bull of the in t 〈…〉 against the euils of Christendome hee sayd hee had alwayes thought vpon the temedies and finding none more fit then a Councell hee was constantly resolued to call it and making mention of the Conuocation at Mantua then of the suspension after of the Conuocation at Vicenza and of the other suspension made in Genua and finally of that other during pleasure hee went on to shew the reasons that induced him to continue the same suspension vntill then These were Ferdinends warre in Hungary the rebellion of Flanders against the Emperour and the things that happened in the Diet of Ratubon expecting a time appointed by God for this worke But considering in the end that euery time is acceptable to his diuine Maiestie when holy things are handled hee resolued to expect no other consent of the Princes and because hee could not haue Vicenza beeing willing to giue satisfaction to Germanie concerning the place and vnderstanding they desired Trent though a Citie more within Italy seemed to him more commodious yet his fatherly charity inclined his will to yeeld to their demands and hee chose Trent to celebrate there an Oecumenicall Councel the first of Nouember next and that he interposed that time that his Decree might be published and the Prelates haue time to arriue at the place Therefore by the authoritie of the Father the Sonne and the Holy Ghost and the Apostles Peter and Paul which himselfe exerciseth on earth by the counsell and consent of the Cardinals all suspensions being remooued hee intimateth an holy Oecumenicall and generall Councell in that Citie a fit place free and opportune for all Nations to bee begun the first of that moneth prosecuted and ended calling all Patriarches Arch-bishops Bishops Abbats and those who by law or priuiledge haue voyce in generall Councels and commanding them by vertue of the Oath made to him and the Apostolique Sea and by holy obedience and vnder the punishments by law or custome to bee inflicted vpon the disobedient to bee there in person or in case they shall bee hindered to make faith of the hinderance or send proctors praying the Emperour the most Christian King and all other Kings Dukes and Princes to bee personally present or in case they cannot to send Ambassadours men of grauitie and authoritie and to cause the Bishops and Prelates of their Kingdomes and Prouinces to goe thither desiring further of the Prelates and Princes of Germany for whose sake the Councell is intimated in the place they wished that the things may bee handled which belong to the trueth of Christian religion to the correction of manners to the peace and concord of Christian Princes and people and oppression of the Barbarians and Infidels The Bull was presently sent from Rome to allso inches but went not forth in a fit time For Francis the French King hauing in Iuly denounced warre in threatning tormes against the Emperour and published it by a booke which boo 〈…〉 hee made it at the same instant in Brabant The French King maketh warre against the Emperor The Emperor excepted against the Bul and complayneth of the French King 〈…〉 nt and 〈◊〉 The Emperour hauing receiued the Bull of the Councell answered the Pope that he was not satisfied with it For hauing neuer refused any paines danger or dost that the Councel 〈…〉 ght bee ended and contrarily the French King hauing alwayes endeauoured to hinder it reseemed strange vnto him that they were compared and made equall in the Bul and rehearsing all the iniuries which he protended to haue receiued from the King added also that in the last Diet at Spira he had laboured by his Ambassadours to cherish the discords of religion by promising friendship and fauour to either party In fine he referred it to his Holinesse to consider if the actions of that King did ferue to remedie the mischiefes of the Christian Common-wealth and to begin the Councell which hee did euer crosse for his priuate gaine and had constrained him who did perceiue it to finde a way to reconcile the differences of religion Therefore in case the Councel shall not be celebrated that his Holinesse ought not to blame him but the King and denounce warre against him if hee meant to assist the publique good because this is the onely way to call the Councell establish religion and regaine peace The King presaging what imputations would bee layd vpon him for The French King waxeth cruell against the Protestants to free himselfe from the imputations laid vpon him by the Emperour making a warre to the hurt of religion and hinderance of the seruice of God which might bee expected from the Councel preuented it by publishing an Edict against the Lutheranes commanding the Parliaments to execute it inuiolably with seuere charge that all should bee appeached who had bookes differing from the Church of Rome that made secret conuenticles that transgressed the commandements of the Church and especially that obserued not the doctrine of meates or prayed in any tongue but the Latine and commanded the Sorbonists to be diligent spies against them Afterwards vnderstanding the
England did waxe greater for that the Emperour had neuer The Popes disdaine against the Emperour is increased assented to any of those maine and ample matches offered him by the Cardinall Farnese whom he sent Legate with him into Germany concerning the grant of the Dutchie of Milan to the Familie of the Farnesi and that being to assist in the Diet of Spira he would not suffer the Cardinall Legate to follow him thither for feare of offending the Protestants And finally considering the Decree made in the Diet so preiudiciall to him and the Apostolique sea he was more offended because hee saw his hopes lost and his authoritie and reputation much diminished and iudged it necessarie to shew he was sensible of it And though on the other side hee considered that his partie in Germany was weakened and was counselled by his most inward friends to dissemble yet finally beeing assured that by declaring himselfe openly against Caesar hee did more straitly binde the French King to maintaine his reputation hee resolued to begin from wordes to take occasion to passe to deeds as the coniunctures should comport And the fifth of August he wrote a great long letter to the Emperor the substance whereof was That hauing vnderstood what decrees were made The Pope writeth a long angry letter to the Emperour in Spira his duty and fatherly charitie did inforce him to tell him his opinion that he might not follow the example of Ely the Priest whom God seuerely punished for his too much indulgence towards his sonnes That the Decrees of Spira were dangerous for the Emperours soule and extreamly troubled the Church that hee should not violate the rules obserued by Christians which command that in the cause of religion all should bee referred to the Church of Rome and yet hee not esteeming the Pope who onely by the law of God and man hath power to call Councels And to decree in spirituall matters was willing to thinke of assembling a Generall of Nationall Councell and hath suffered Idiots and Heretiques to iudge of religion hath made decrees concerning sacred goods restored to honour the rebels of the Church whom he had condemned by his owne Edicts that he is willing to beleeue that hee hath not done these things by his owne inclination but by the pernicious counsell of those that beare ill will to the Church of Rome and that he complaineth of this that he hath yeelded vnto them that the Scripture is full of examples of the wrath of God against the vsurpers of the office of the High Priest of Vzza Dathan Abiron and Core of King Ozias and others That it is not a sufficient excuse to say the Decrees are but temporary vntill the Councel onely For though the thing done be holy yet in regard of the person that did it it not belonging to him it is wicked That God hath alwayes exalted those Princes that haue beene deuoted to the sea of Rome Head of all Churches Constantine the Theodosij and Charles the Great and contrarily hath punished those that haue not giuen due respect vnto it Examples hereof are Anastasius Mauritius Constan◠the 2. Pilip Leo and others and Henry the 4. was for this cause chastised by his owne sonne as also Fredericke the 2. by his And not Princes onely but whole Nations haue beene punished for it the Iewes for putting to death Christ the Sonne of God the Grecians for hauing many wayes contemned his Vicar which things he ought the more to feare because he is descended from those Emperours who haue receiued more honour from the Church of Rome then they haue giuen it That he commendeth him for desiring the amendment of the Church but withall doth aduise him to leaue the charge thereof to him to whom God hath giuen it That the Emperour is a Minister but not a Gouernour nor an Head He added that hee desired the reformation and hath declared it often by intimating the Councel whensoeuer any sparke of hope hath appeared that it might be assembled and though in vaine vntill then yet hee had not beene wanting to his duety desiring much a Councel which is the only remedy against all mischiefes as well for the generall good of Christendome as the particular of Germany which hath more neede thereof That it hath beene intimated already though deferred vntill a more commodious time by reason of the warres That it belongeth to the Emperour himselfe to giue way that it may bee celebrated by making peace or deferring the warre while matters of religion are handled in the Councel That hee should obey these fatherly commandes exclude from the Imperiall Diets all disputes about religion and referre them to the Pope ordaine nothing concerning Ecclesiasticall goods reuoke the grantes made to the rebels against the Sea of Rome otherwise to performe his owne duety that he shall be forced to vse greater seuerity against him then hee would THE HISTORIE OF THE COVNCELL OF TRENT THE SECOND BOOKE THe Warre betweene the Emperour and the French The Emperor is wholly incliued to peace which was cōcluded the 24. of September King lasted not long For the Emperor saw plainely that while he was busied in that and his brother in the other against the Turke Germanie so much increased in libertie that the Imperiall name would not be esteemed within a short time and that so long as hee made Warre in France he imitated Esops dogge who following the shadow lost both it and the bodie Whereupon he hearkened to the propositions of peace made by the French men with designe not onely to be freed from that impediment but by the Kings meanes to accommodate the Turkish affaires and applie himselfe vnto Germanie The foure and twentieth of September the peace was concluded betweene them and amongst other things they both capitulated to defend the old Religion and to labour for the vnion of the Church and reformation of the Court of Rome from whence all the dissensions are deriued and that for this purpose the Pope should ioyntly be requested to call the Councell and the French King should send to the Diet of Germanie to perswade the Protestants to accept it The Pope was not afraide of the capitulation for the Councell and reformation of the Court being assured that whensoeuer they began that enterprise by reason of their diuers ends and interests they would not long agree neither did he doubt but that the designe being to be executed by a Councell he would so accommodate euery treatie that his authoritie should be amplified But he thought that in case he should call the Councell at their request the world would imagine he was constrained which would bring much dishonour to his reputation and incouragement to him that designed the moderation of the Papall power Therefore not expecting to be preuented by any of them and dissembling The Pope dissembleth his suspicions the suspicions conceiued against the Emperour euen those that were most important which the peace made
proceed ioyntly with the Ambassadors and Prelates and to communicate to them their most inward thoughts whereupon when letters came from Rome or Germanie they assembled all to reade them But perceiuing that Don Diego equalized himselfe to them and the Bishops presumed more then they were wont to doe at Rome and fearing some inconuenience would arise when their number did encrease they sent aduise to Rome that alwaies one letter should be written to bee shewed and the secret things apart because of the letters which they had receiued vntill then they had made no vse but by their wit They demanded also a cipher to communicate the matters of greater moment All which particularities with many more that shall bee spoken of hauing taken out of the Register of the letters of the Cardinall of Monte I haue not beene willing to conceale them because they serue to penetrate the depth of the treaties The moneth of March beeing past and the time prefixed in the Popes Bull to beginne the Councel expired many dayes the Legates consulted amongst themselues concerning the opening of it and resolued to expect aduise from Fabius Magnanellus Nuncio with Ferdinand of what was handled in Wormes and order from Rome after the Pope had heard of the arriuall and proposition of Don Diego and the rather because they were ashamed to make so great a beginning with three Bishops onely The Ambassadours of the King of the Romanes arriued the eight of April and a solemne congregation was made to receiue them In that Don Diego would haue preceded the Cardinall of Trent and sate next the Legates saying that in regard he represented the Emperour he ought to sit in the same place where his Maiestie D. Diego would haue preceded the Cardinall of Trent should But not to hinder the businesse they found out a way to place them so that it could not appeare who had the precedence The Kings Ambassadours presented onely their Prince his letter and declared by word of mouth his obseruance towards the Apostolique Sea and the Pope his readinesse to fauour the Councell and large offers and they The Ambassadours of the K. of the Romanes are receiued in congregation added that hee would send a commission in forme and persons better instructed After this the wished for aduise came to Rome and Trent of the proposition made in the Diet the 24. of March by King Ferdinand who was President there in the Emperours name and of the negotiation which followed thereupon The Kings proposition was that the Emperor had made peace with the French King that he might apply himselfe to coÌ„pose the differences of religion and prosecute the warre against the Turkes from whom he had The proposition of Ferdinand in the Diet. promise of assistance and an approbation of the Councel with a resolution to be there in person or by his Ambassadors That for this end it being before prorogued hee had dealt with the Pope to intimate it againe and solicited him to giue ayde against the Turkes That he had obtained the intimation of his Holinesse and that Ambassadors sent from the Emperor and himselfe were already in Trent That all the world knew what paines Caesar had taken to cause the Councel to bee celebrated first with Clement in Bolonia then with Paul in Rome Genua Nizza Lucca and Busseto That according to the Decree of Spira he had giuen order to men of learning and good conscience to compose a forme of reformation which was accordingly performed But it being a thing of great deliberation and the time short and the Turkish warre threatning them the Emperour was resolued not to speake of this any more but to expect how the Councel would proceed and what might bee hoped from it because it was suddenly to beginne and in case no fruit appeared hee might before the end of that Diet intimate another to handle all that businesse applying himselfe how to that which is of more importance that is the Turkish warre This proposition made the Protestants very suspitious For the peace of religion being to last vntill the Councell they were in doubt that when they were exhausted by contributions against the Turkes they should be assailed vpon pretence that the peace was ended by opening the Councel in Trent The suspition of the Protestants Yet they demanded that the treatie begun should bee continued alleadging that the time was long enough to him that feared God or at least that a new peace should be established vntill a lawfull Councel so often promised such as that of Trent was not for the reasons so many times rehearsed before And they declared that they could not contribute if they had not assurance of peace not â—â—ed to the Popes Councell which they had refused whensoeuer it was spoken of And though the Ecclesiastiques did consent absolutely that the cause of religion should be wholly remitted to the Councel yet it was resolued to expect the Emperours answere before the conclusion Three particulars in this action displeased the Pope and Legate which The Pope and the Legates were displeased with three particulars in the proposition were at Trent One that the Emperour arrogated to himselfe to haue induced the Pope to celebrate the Councell which argued small care of Religion in his Holinesse The second that he had induced the French King to consent vnto it which was no honour to his sanctitie to whom this belonged The third that hee would still keepe the bit in his mouth by a future Diet that in case the Councel went not forward hee should alwayes feare that things concerning Religion should be treated of in the Diet. The Pope was perpetually troubled not so much for the iniuries receiued from the Protestants as for the Emperours actions which as hee was wont to say though they seemed fauourable yet were more pernicious to religion and his authoritie which could not be separated Besides it seemed he was alwayes in danger that the Emperour would make some accord with the Dutch-men to his preiudice And thinking how to prouide a remedie hee could finde none but to set on foote a warre for Religion because the Protestants would bee curbed and the Emperour likewise intangled in a dangerous enterprise and all speech of reformation and the Councell would bee buried in silence He had great hope it would succeede by that which his Nuncio wrote vnto him that hee found in the Emperour great disdaine against the Protestants and that he hearkened to his propositions to subdue them by force For this respect beside that which was before related and to hinder that no preiudiciall thing might bee done in the Diet and to encourage and giue strength to his followers another cause was added more vrgent because it belonged to his priuate interest For being resolued to giue Parma and Piacenza to his son The Pope is resolued to giue Parma and Piacenza to his sonneâ—â— but feareth the Emperour hee thought he could not doe
the Sea of Rome with a diuerse doctrine and rites very imperfect and rude These men after the reformations of Zuinglius enlarged their doctrine by his and reduced their rites vnto some forme at the same time when Geneua embraced the reformation Sentence was pronounced against these many yeeres before by the Parliament of Aix which had neuer been executed The King now commanded to execute the sentence The President mustered together as many Souldiers as he could in the places bordering vpon them and in the Popes State of Autgnion and went with A miserable slaughter of the Waldenses made by the French men an armie against those poore creatures who neither had weapons nor thought otherwise then by flight to defend themselues those that could They went not about to teach them or by threats to make them leaue their opinions and rites but first of all filling all the Countrey with rapes slew asmany as stood to their mercie because they could not flie without sparing old or yong of what age or condition soeuer They destroyed or rather razed the Countries of Caâ—riers in Prouence and of Mernidolo in the County of Viinoisin belonging to the Pope and all other places in those precincts It is certaine that more than 4000. persons were slaine who without making defence desired mercy But in Germany the Emperour arriued in VVormes the 16. of May and Cardinall Farnese the day following who treated with him and with the Cardinall Farnese his negotiation with the Emperour in Wormes King of the Romans apart He deliuered his commissions particularly concerning the Councell declaring that the Pope had giuen the Legats power to open it which they meant to doe when they should vnderstand from him what was done in the Diet. Hee told the Emperour that it was not necessary to regard the oppositions of the Protestants seeing that the impediment alleaged by them was not new but was foreseene from the day the Councell was first spoken of that he might assure himselfe that they hauing cast off the yoke of obedience the principall foundation of Religion and proceeded to so impious wicked innouatioÌ„s against the rites obserued many hundreds of yeres by the approbation of so many famous Councels they would with the same boldnesse spurne against the Councell which was to begin though lawfull generall and Christian assuring themselues to be condemned by it Therefore that nothing remained but that his Maiesty should induce them to obedience by authority or constraine them by force Which in case it were not done and they so much regarded as not to bee condemned or after condemnation not constrained to lay aside their errours all the world would know that the heretiques command and the Pope and Emperour obey That his Holinesse as he thought fit to vse mildnesse at the first so he thought it necessary to shew really that after it would follow force of Armes That he offered him a grant of part of the Ecclesiastical reuenues of Spaine and power to sell the plate of those Churches to assist him with his owne money and to send him out of Italy 12000. foot and 500. horse paide and to endeuour that he might likewise be assisted by other Princes of Italy and to proceed during the time of the warres with spirituall and temporall Armes against whosoeuer should molest his territories Farnese declared also to the Emperour the attempt of the Vice roy of He complaineth of the Vice roy of Naples Naples who would haue sent foure Proctors in the name of all the Bishops of the Kingdome shewing it was neither reasonable nor lawfull and that it was a dishonour to the Councell For if Bishops dwelling so neere and being so many might be excused by sending foure France and Spaine might doe it much rather and so a Generall Councell should be held with twenty Bishops And he prayed the Emperour not to tolerate a thing so contrary to the authority of the Pope and dignity of the Councell whereof himselfe is Protector desiring him to giue some remedy heerein The Cardinall also treated with him concerning the promise made in his Maiesties name in the proposition sent to the Diet that is that to determine the controuersies of Religion in case the Councell did not proceed another Diet should be held and desired him to consider that if neither his Holinesse nor his Legats and Ministers nor the Court of Rome were in fault that the Councell were not celebrated nor proceeded he could not by any meanes intimate in the Recesse another Diet vnder this colour And he inculcated this poynt exceedingly because hee had strait commission therein from Rome and because the Cardinall of Monte a man very free not onely spake but also wrote vnto him thereof in his owne name and his colleagues after that hee parted from Trent saying in plaine termes that this was the most important point at which he should euer ayme without forgetting it in his whole negotiation taking care not to admit any excuse because this onely would produce any other good agreement And for his owne part hee would put his Holinesse in minde rather to abandon the Sea and restore the keyes to Saint Peter then suffer the Secular power to arrogate authoritie to determine causes of Religion vnder pretence and colour that the Ecclesiasticall hath failed in celebrating a Councell or otherwise Concerning the attempt of the Viceroy the Emperor said it proceeded from his owne proper motion from which in case hee had not great reason to the contrary hee would bee remooued For opening the Councell hee The Emperors answere to the Legat. gaue no resolute answere but spake diuersly sometimes that it would bee good to begin it in a more fit place sometimes that it was necessary to make sundry prouisions first Whereby the Cardinall saw plainely that his ayme was onely to hold the matter in suspence and to gouerne himselfe as occasion serued either opening or dissoluing it For not intimating another Diet to treate of religion he gaue a generall and vnconcluding answere that hee would alwayes make as much esteeme as was possible of the Popes authoritie But to the proposition of making warre against the Lutherans he answered that the Popes counsell was the best and that the onely way was proposed by him which he was resolued to imbrace yet that hee would proceede with due caution and first conclude a truce with the Turke which hee then did mediate diligently and most secretly by the French King and that hee knew well that the number and power of the Protestants was great and insuperable and that in case they were not diuided or surprised at vnawares the warre would prooue doubtfull and dangerous That his designe was to conceale his purpose vntill opportunitie serued and then to treate with the Pope In the meane while hee accepted the offers made vnto him Beside these publike businesses the Cardinall had one priuate for his The Legats priuate negotiation concerning his owne
is iust and honest to please the Pope but he knew wel that in a Nationall Councel he should neither be able to reconcile the parties nor find whom to make iudge The Ambassadour of Mentz and Triers diuided themselues from the other foure and being vnited with all the Catholikes approoued the Tridentine Councell and besought Caesar to protect it and to perswade the Protestants to goe thither and submit themselues vnto it They answered that the Councell in Trent was not free as was demanded and promised in the Imperiall Diets they desired againe that the Emperour would obserue the peace and ordaine that Religion might be established in a lawfull Councell of Germanie or an Imperiall Diet Job a Colloquie of learned men 〈◊〉 both 〈◊〉 In this Interim the Emperour had made secret prouision for warre which not being able longer to concedles 〈…〉 knowen to the Protestants in the Diet and because peace was concluded with the French King and The prouisions for warre against the 〈◊〉 Protest 〈…〉 〈◊〉 no longer be concealed truce with the T 〈…〉 euery one did easily perceiue the cause especially for that a fame was spread 〈…〉 the Pope also and Ferdinand did arme whereby all was in confusion And the Emperour seeing hee was discouered the ninth of Innosent the Cardinall of Trent Post to Rome to demand of the Pope the succours 〈◊〉 promised and sent Captaines with money into Italie and Flanders to leuie Souldiers and sollicited the Princes and Protestant German Captaines not combined with those of the league of Smalcalda to follow his colours affirming and promising bee would not make warre for Religion but suppresse the rebellion of some who vnder that pretence would not acknowledge the Lawes nor the Maiestie of the Prince By this promise he quieted many of the Cities who before had receiued the renouation in the Rites of the Church promising all beneuolence to the obedient and securitie for their Religion But in the Councell there being no more difference amongst the Fathers concerning the things discussed and the decrees of faith and reformation being framed the Emperours Ambassadour being not able any longer to resist the Legats resolution the seuenteenth of Iune being come the day appoynted for the Session Alexander Pichalhomini Bishop of Pianza sang Masse Marcus Laureus a Dominican Friar preached and when the vsual ceremonies were ended the decree of faith with fiue Anathematismes was read 1. Against him that confesseth not that Adam by transgressing hath The Decree of faith with 5. a 〈…〉 t 〈…〉 in the Session lost sanctitie and iustice incurred the wrath of God death and thraldome to the Deuill and is infected in soule and body 2. Against him that auerreth that Adam by sinning hath hurt himselfe onely or hath deriued into his posteritie the death onely of the body and not sinne the death of the soule 3. Against him that affirmeth that sinne which is one in the beginning and proper to euery one transmitted by generation not imitation can bee abolished by any other remedie then the death of CHRIST or denieth that the merit of CHRIST is applied as well to children as to those that bee of ripe yeeres by the Sacrament of Baptisme ministred in the forme and rite of the Church 4. Against him that de 〈…〉 eth that children which are newly borne ought to be baptized though the sonnes of Christians or saith they are baptized for remission of sinnes but not because they haue contracted any originall sinne from Adam 5. Against him that denyeth that by the grace of Baptisme the guilt of originall sinne is remitted or saith that all is not remooued which hath the true and proper nature of sinne but that it is razed and not imputed concupiscence still remaining in the baptized for an exercise which cannot hurt but him that consenteth to it the which beeing called sinne by the Apostle the Synod declareth that it is no true and proper sinne but is so termed because it ariseth from sinne and inclineth to it That the Synod meaneth not to comprehend in the decree the blessed Virgin but that the constitutions of Sistus 4. ought to be obserued which it doth renew The Decree of the reformation containeth two parts one in matter of the Lectures the other of the Sermons For the Lectures it was ordered that in the Churches where there is a stipend allotted for reading Diuinitie the Bishop should prouide that the holy Scripture should bee read by the Stipendary it he be fit and not being fit the Bishop should depute a substitute The Decree of reformation to performe the charge but for hereafter that the benefice should not bee conferred but vpon a sufficient person That in the Cathedrall Churches of populous Cities and collegiate Churches of great Castles where no such stipend is assigned the first Prebend that falleth void should bee applyed to that vse or some simple benefice or a contribution of all beneficed men to institute the Lecture That in poore Churches there should bee at the least a Master to teach Grammer who shall enioy the fruits of some simple benefice or haue a stipend from the Capitular or Episcopall table or the Bishop shall finde some other way to effect it That in the Cloysters of Monkes there should be a Diuinitie Lecture if it may bee wherein if the Abbats shall bee negligent they shall bee constrained to doe it by the Bishop as the Popes Delegate That in the Conuents of the Regulars there should bee deputed Masters of sufficiencie to performe this charge That in publique studies where a Diuinitie Lecture is not instituted it shall bee instituted by the charitie and pietie of Princes and Republiques and where it hath beene instituted and neglected it shall bee restored That none shall bee made a Lecturer either publike or priuate before hee bee approoued by the Bishop as fit for his life manners and knowledge except those that reade in the Cloysters of Monkes That the priuiledges granted by law to Publique Readers in Diuinitie and schollers for the enioying of the fruits of their benefices in their absence shall be preserued Concerning Sermons the Decree containeth that the Bishops and Prelates bee bound if they bee not hindered to preach the Gospel in person and if they bee to substitute men of sufficiencie That the inferiour Curates ought to teach things necessary to saluation either by themselues or others at the least on Sundayes and solemne Feasts whereunto they shall bee constrained by the Bishops any exemption notwithstanding And the Curates of the Parishes subiect to Monasteries which are in no diocesse shall be constrained to the same by the Metropolitanes as Delegates of the Pope in case the Regular Prelate shall be negligent That the Regulars shall not preach except they be approoued for their life maners and knowledge by their superiours and in the Churches of their Order they shall demand the benediction of the Bishop before the Sermon begin but in other Churches they
great reason to exempt from originall sinne none but him For vnto him the promise of the Redeemer was made CHRIST is euer called the seed of Abraham and Abraham the Father of CHRIST and of all that beleeue a paterne of the faithfull These be greater dignities then to beare CHRIST in the belly according to that diuine answere that the Virgin was more blessed in hauing heard the word of GOD then in hauing borne CHRIST and giuen him sucke And he that will not for preheminencie except Abraham but onely esteeme for sound the ancient reason that CHRIST IS without sinne because he was borne of the holy Ghost without the seed of man will say it is better to follow the councell of the wise man and containe ones selfe within the bounds set downe by the Fathers They added that the world was much bound to the Councell for being contented to say that it confesseth and thinketh that concupiscence remaineth in the baptized or else men would be compelled to deny to feele that which they do In the decree of reformation it was expected that order should haue been taken with the schoole-men and Canonists with these for giuing diuine proprieties to the Pope euen to call him God attributing vnto him infallibilitie and making the same tribunall of both saying also that he is more mercifull then CHRIST with the Schoole men who leauing the Scripture or making it all doubtfull haue made Aritostles Philosophy the foundation of Theologie euen making a question whether there be a GOD and disputing of it on both sides It seemed strange that it was vnknowen vntill then that to preach was the office of Bishops that the abuse of preaching vanities or any thing but CHRIST was not remooued that prouision was made against the open merchandizing of Preachers vnder the name of almes Newes beeing come of these decrees to the Emperours The D 〈…〉 es a 〈…〉 in the Emperors Court Court it was taken in ill part that light matters not required by Germany were handled and that in matter of faith the disputes were awaked by the decree For the controuersie of originall sinne being almost agreed in the Colloquies from the Councell from whence composition was expected a decree did proceed against the things accorded and it was written in the Emperours name to his Ministers in Trent that they should promote the reformation and endeauour that the controuersie of faith should be deferred vntill the Protestants came whom the Emperour was perswaded hee could bring thither or at least vntill the Prelates of Germany did arriue who would put themselues into the iourney so soone as the Diet was ended But they talked but a little while of these affaires of the Councell because other accidents happened which drew all mens eyes and mindes vnto them For in Rome the 26. of Iune the Cardinall of Trent concluded a league The Cardinall of Trent concludeth a league the 26. of June betweene the Pope and the Emperour against the Protestants betweene the Pope and Emperor against the Protestants of Germanie the treaty whereof was begun the yeere before in Wormes by Cardinall Farnese as hath been said and afterwards continued by other Ministers The causes alleadged and the conditions were because Germany had a long time perseuered in heresie for remedie whereof the Councell was assembled in Trent and already begun whereunto the Protestants refusing to submit the Pope and Emperour for the glory of GOD and safetie of Germanie doe agree The causes and capitulations of this league that the Emperour shall take armes against those that refuse it and reduce them to the obedience of the holy Sea and for this the Pope shall lay in Venice an hundred thousand crownes in trust beside the hundred thousand laid there all ready to spend in this vse onely and shall send to the war at his owne charges twelue thousand Italian foote and fiue hundred light horse for sixe moneths shall giue the Emperour for this yeere halfe the rents of the Churches of Spaine and power to alienate of the reuenewes of the Monasteries of those kingdomes to the valew of fiue hundred thousand crownes that during the sixe moneths the Emperour shall not make an accord with the Protestants without the Pope who also shall haue a certaine portion of whatsoeuer is gained by the war and if the war continue longer new capitulations which shall seeme fit to both parties shall be treated on and place shall be left for other to enter into the league bearing part of the charges and receiuing part of the profits There was one capitulation apart which was kept secret concerning the French Kings that if any Christian Prince during the warre did mooue latines against the Emperour the Pope should bee bound to persecute him with spirituall and temporall forces A few dayes after the Pope wrote to the Suisses inuiting them to assist The Pope writeth to the Suissès him first shewing in ample termes his beneuolence towards them and the griefe he felt for that some of them had ostranged themselues from his obedience and thanking God for those who perseuered and commonding them all for that in this difference of religion they keep themselues in peace whereas in other places diuers tumults did arise for the same cause he added that to prouide against them hee had ordained the Counsell of Trent hoping that no man would refuse to submit himselfe and hee was assured that those amongst them who vntill then 〈◊〉 in the Apostolicall obedience will obey the Councell and the others not conteinneth Hee inuited them also to come thither complayning that many in Germanie who are called Princes did proudly disdaine and despise the Councell whose authoritie is rather Diuine then humane This hath compelled him to thinke of force and Armes And because it hath happened that the Emperour hath made the same resolution hee hath beene constrained to ioyne With him and assist him with his owne and the Churches power to restore religion by warre That hee was willing to signifie his purpose and minde vnto them that they may ioyne their prayers with him render the auncient honour to the Church of Rome and assist him in so pious a cause But the Emperour made shew he vndertooke the warre not for religion The Emperor would not haue it thought that this war is made for religion but for matters of State for that some denied him obedience plotted with strangers against him and refused to obey the Lawes vsurped the possessions of others especially the Churches going about to make Bishoprikes and Abbacies hereditarie and that hauing prooued diuers gentle meanes to reduce them they euer became more insolent On the other side the Protestants laboured to make manifest to the And the Protestants shevv the contrary world that all proceeded from the instigation of the Pope and of the Councell of Trent They put the Emperour in minde of the Capitulations which he swore in Frankfurt when hee was
habit which was not lawfull because hee was a Monke of Saint Basil all which was done in the middest of October But this vaine shew of honour beeing not esteemed by the Bishop was not willing to preferre the interests of the house of Austria before his Countrey he was traiterously and cruelly slaine by Ferdinands ministers the eighteenth of December vpon pretence that he held intelligence with the Turkes This accident did exceedingly mooue the Cardinals who thought themselues most sacred and inuiolable They considered of what importance the example was that a Cardinall should bee slaine vpon fained calumnies or for suspicion And they incited the Pope who was forward of himselfe shewing him that the Cardinall was possessour of a great treasure to the value of a million which belonged to the Chamber being the goods of a Cardinall dead without a Will For all these respects the Pope deputed Cardinals to take knowledge of the crime and Ferdinand and all his Ministers of Transiluania were thought to haue incurred the censures Commissioners were sent to Vienna to make Ferdinand his Ministers were thought to haue incurred the censures inquisition And not to returne to speake of this againe I will say heere by way of anticipation that the heat being abated as the custome is because that which was done could not be vndone not to raise any greater stirres the proceeding was with much conniuencie and though the processe was made as Ferdinand would yet nothing was prooued against the dead man and the purpose to draw the inheritance to the Chamber died because little was found in comparison of that which was thought Martinuccio a man bountifull hauing spent all in the publike seruice and that which was found being diuided amongst the Souldiers The Pope declared Ferdinand and all those who Ferdinand is absolued first conditionally and then absolutely were not present at his death to be absolued with this addition if the things deduced in the Processe were true Whereof the Emperours ministers complayning as if the integrity of Ferdinand were questioned the Pope made the sentence absolute and those onely who were Authours of the murder went to Rome to bee absolued but so as if they had done a good worke And in Hungarie and Rome it was held that it was done by command from him who had interest according to the vsuall saying that of euery secret counsell hee is Authour who receiueth profit by it Yet this did Ferdinand no good who shortly after for this and other causes was chased out of Transiluania But because to speake thereof belongeth not to my purpose I returne to the matter which I left The seuenth day of Februarie the next Sunday before Septuagesima the Gospel of the Cockle being read Ambrose Cigogna or Storke for so his Dutch name Pelargo is expounded a Dominican Diuine of the Arch-bishop of Triers preached who applying the name of Cockle to the heretiques said it was fit to tolerate them when without danger of greater mischiefe they could not be nooted our This was told to the Protestants as if hee had sayd that it was lawfull not to obserue the faith giuen which raised a great tumult Hee defended himselfe that hee spake of heretiques in generall and sayd no more then what the Gospel it selfe doeth propose but if he had sayd that it was fit to extirpate them with fire bonds and halters or any other way hee should haue done that which the Councell in the second Session did command that he had spoken modestly nor could a Sermon bee made vpon that Gospel without saying as much The Cardinall of Trent and the Emperours Ambassadours did pacifie the commotion but with difficultie though it was manifest that the Friar spake not of keeping faith not of the Protestants particularly but of heretiques in generall The Elector made this his pretence to depart which hee was resolued to doe before by reason of some secret intelligence which he held with the French King as also to recouer his health and so he departed in the midst of February leauing The Elector of Triers departeth from Trent an opinion that it was with the good liking of the Emperour and with promise to returne quickly Yet he passed not by Ispruc nor spake with the Emperour The first day of Lent the Stations were by affixion published in Trent in the same manner as in Rome by the Popes graunt to him that visited the Churches which gaue entertainement to the Fathers and Diuines who in regard of the intermission of the Congregations wanted businesse And before beeing almost idle they entertained themselues in priuate meetings discoursing variously sometimes of dissoluing sometimes of continuing the Councell according to the newes which was brought In the beginning of March letters came from the Electour of Saxonie to his Ambassadours giuing them commission to prosecute their instances in the Councell and aduising that hee was ready to goe to the Emperour in person which put all men out of feare But not long after a generall rumor was spread that the French King was confederate with the Protestant Princes to make warre against the Emperour The Electours of Mentz and Collen departed The Electors of Collen and Mentz depart from Trent the eleuenth of March and passing by Ispruc had very secret conference with Caesar and the Ambassadours of Maurice fearing some danger went secretly out of Trent and returned home by diuers wayes Notwithstanding all this foure Diuines of Wittenberg and two of Argentina came to Trent afterwards who with the Ambassadours of that Duke The Diuines of Wittenberg Argentina come to the Synode did immediately desire the Emperours Ambassadours that the Synode might answere the proposition alreadie made and begin the conference The Legate answered that the nineteenth of March a day appointed for the Session approaching it was necessary to giue order for it and to handle many other things of which one should bee to finde a forme how to treate Therefore that day a Congregation was made in the Legats house and a The Ambassador of Portugal is receiued in congregation resolution taken to prolong the Session vntill the first of May. In this Congregation the Ambassador of Portugal was receiued who presented his Mandat and made a speach and was answered in the vsuall forme with praise and thankes to the King and words of Complement to the Ambassadour But those of Wittenberg seeing no answere was made to their propositions and that the Legate concealed the Confession presented by them which many desired to haue and could not hauing brought many printed copies distributed them vnto diuers which raised much noise and some said the deserued The Ambassadours of Wittenberg spread copies of their Confession serued punishment For he vnto whome Safe Conduct is granted is bound to giue none offence vnto him that graunteth it And this was esteemed a publique offence Yet in the end all was quieted The Protestants together with the Emperours Ambassadours
desired often that the action should begin which not withstanding was deferred sometimes vnder pretence that the Legate was not well in health sometimes vnder diuers others The Emperours Ambassadours vsed all meanes to make them begin and perswaded the Protestants not to desire an answere to the demaunds presented by them and afterwards not to desire that the doctrine exhibited by them should bee examined But as one difficulty was remooued by the Protestants so another was still raised by the Presidents sometimes about the manner of treating sometimes about the matter with which to begin But in the end the Protestants perswaded by Pictauius were content to begin where the others would Yet for all this nothing was done For the Legate though very sicke of great passions of minde was thought to faine that hee might finde a pretence not to begin The Nuncij were irresolute and the Bishops did not agree among themselues For the adherents of Caesar Spaniards and others mooued by the Emperours Ambassadours desired to proceede but the Papalins suspecting that the end of the Imperialists was to come to the reformation of the Court of Rome embraced all occasions of delay And because the Dutch Bishops were already departed by reason of the rumours of warre they expected the like occasion also especially because the aduices of the Armes of the French King and confederates of Germanie against the Emperour did continue Protests and Manifests beeing published which alleadged for a cause the defence of Religion and libertie of Germany The first of April the Elector of Saxonie besieged Ausburg which did render it selfe the third day and the sixt newes there of came The Fathers of the Councell and the Protestants depart from Trent by reason of the rumors of warre to Trent and that all Tirol did arme and meant to goe to Ispruc there beeing an opinion that the armie of the confederates did purpose to possesse themselues of the passages of the Alpes to hinder strangers from comming into Germany Therefore in many of the Italian Bishops embarqued and went downe the Riuer Adice to goe to Verona and the Protestants determined to depart There remaining but few Prelates and the Legate often doting by reason The Legate doteth and the Nuncij send to Rome to knowe what to doe of his great infirmitie nor being able constantly to resolue the Nuncij fearing they should be alone in Trent if they expected the first of May according to the order wrote to Rome desiring to knowe what they should do in these great straits The Pope who already had concluded with France nor esteemed any more what the Emperour could doe hauing ouer come the difficulties by which he was compassed assembled the Cardinals and proposed to them the aduice of the Nuncy the maior part of whom did concurre without difficulty that the Councell should bee suspended The Bull was made and sent to Trent and letters addressed to the Nuncij giuing them authority for the suspension Therefore when they saw vrgent necessitie they were commanded to yeeld vnto it not putting the dignity of the Councell in danger which should be restored at another more peaceable time nor dissoluing it absolutely that they might keepe it in their power and vse it vpon occasions but suspending it for some yeeres The Nuncij concealed From whence they receiue order to suspend the Councel this answere and consulted with the Emperours Ambassadors and the principal prelates who desired that order should be expected from Caesar and extenuated the feare as much as they could Notwithstanding the Prelates though the maior part were Spaniards fearing their owne persons and hating the Protestants and not hoping that in so great straits the Emperour could haue time to thinke of the Councell gaue consent to a suspension Therefore the Nuncij did intimate the publique Session for the 28. of April so great was their feare that they could not expect two dayes the time appointed for it Those few that remained did assemble and after the Ecclesiasticall ceremonies were ended for the pompes were omitted for that time the Nuncio of Siponto caused the Decree so bee read by the Secretary The substance Which is executed in Session the 2. of April whereof was That the Synode the two Nuncij presiding in their owne name and in the name of Cardinall Crescentius the Legate grieuously sicke is assured that all Christians doe knowe that the Councell of Trent was first The Bull of the suspension for two yeres assembled by Paulus and after restored by Iulius at the request of Charles the Emperour to restore Religion especially in Germanie and to correct manners and that many Fathers of diuers Countreys did meete without sparing any paines or fearing any dangers and that the proceeding was prosperous with hope that the innouators of Germanie would come to the Councell and yeeld to the reasons of the Church but that by the subtilty of the enemie tumults are suddenly raised which haue interrupted the course taken away all hope of proceeding and giuen cause of feare that the Synode would rather irritate the mindes of many then pacifie them Therefore perceiuing that euery place Germanie especially is on fire with discords and that the Dutch Bishops especially the Electors were departed to make prouision for their Churches it hath determined not to contend with necessitie but to be silent vntill better times And therefore they doe suspend the Progresse for two yeeres with condition that if all be quiet before that time bee ended the Councell shall bee vnderstood to bee restored but if the impediments shall not cease at the end of two yeeres it shall bee vnderstood that the suspension is taken away so soone as the impediments are remooued without a new Conuocation of the Councell his Holinesse and the holy Apostolique Sea hauing giuen consent and authoritie to this Decree And in the meane time the Synode doth exhort all Christian Princes and Prelates as farre as concerneth euery one to cause all the Decrees of the Councell made vntill then to be obserued in their Dominions and Churches This Decree beeing read was approued by the Italians The Spaniards who were twelue sayd that the dangers were not so great as they were made That fiue yeeres Is opposed by the Spanish Prelates since Chiusa was taken by the Protestants when no commander but Castel-alto was in Tiral to defend it and yet the Councell did not disso 〈…〉 Now the Emperour was in 〈◊〉 by whose vertue those stirres would quickly ceast that the 〈…〉 should haue leaue to depart as then they had and those remaine that would vntill the Emperour were aduised 〈…〉 beeing but three dayes 〈…〉 might returness speedy answere But the others opposing popularly the Spaniards protested against so absolute suspension Who protest against the suspension notwithstanding the Nuncio of Siponto giuing his benediction to the Fathers gaue them leaue to begin their iourney The Nuncij and Italian Prelates beeing departed in
dayes hee seeing the diuersitie of the opinions did almost resolue to publish a Bul according to his owne sence The Pope intendeth to publish a Bull according to his owne opinion The Bull is hindered that it was not lawfull to take a reward present or almes not onely demanded but voluntarily offered for any spirituall grace whatsoeuer that hee would grant no more matrimoniall dispensations and was in a minde to redresse those that were already granted as much as he could without scandall But there were so many delayes and impediments interposed by diuers that hee could not come to a resolution Some told him that it was necessary to handle such a thing in a generall Councell which he heard with great indignation and said hee had no neede of a Councell himselfe beeing aboue all And Cardinall Bellai saying that a Councell was necessary not to adde authority to the Pope but to finde a meanes for execution which cannot bee vniforme in all places hee concluded that if a Councell were necessary it should bee held in Rome and that it was not needfull to goe elsewhere that he neuer consented that the Councell His opinion concerning the Councell of Trent should be held in Trent as was knowen to them all because it was in the middest of the Lutheranes that the Councell is to consist of Bishops onely that other persons might bee admitted for counsell yet onely Catholikes otherwise the Turke also ought to bee admitted that it was a great vanitie to send into the mountaines threescore Bishops of the least able and fourtie Doctours of the most vnsufficient as was twice done already and to beleeue that by those the world could be better regulated then by the Vicar of CHRIST with the Colledge of all the Cardinals who are the pillars of all Christendome elected for the most excellent of all Christian Nations and by the counsell of the Prelates and Doctors which are in Rome who are the most learned persons in the world and more in number then by any diligence can bee brought to Trent But when newes came to Rome of the grant of the Cuppe made by the Hee is much distasted with y e grant made by the Duke of Bauaria Duke of Bauaria to his subiects hee entred into a great rage against him and hee put this amongst other things for which hee desseigned to make prouision at once beeing full of hope that euery thing would bee easie vnto him if the Court were reformed and was not troubled though hee saw the number of abuses to increase For a few dayes after the Ambassadour of Polonia comming expresly to congratulate his Holinesse for his assumption to the Popedome made fiue demands in the name of the King and the Kingdome To celebrate the Masse in the Polonian tongue To vse the As also with the fiue demands made by the Poloman Ambassadours Communion Sub vtraque specie The mariage of Priests That the paiment of Annates might bee taken away And that they might call a Nationall Councell to reforme the proper abuses of the Kingdome and to reconcile the variety of opinions Hee heard these demands with vnspeakable impatience and set himselfe to detest them most bitterly speaking against them one after another with infinite vehemencie And for conclusion hee sayd that a generall Councell in Rome would cause the heresies and bad opinions of many to bee knowen alluding to what was done in Germany Austria and Bauaria And beeing for these reasons almost resolute in himselfe or at the least willing to seeme so that it was necessary to call a Councell hee told all the Ambassadours that they should signifie to their Princes his purpose to make a Lateran Councell like vnto that which is so famous And hee sent Nuncij to the Emperour and the French King to exhort them to peace Which maketh him speake of holding a Lateran Councel though in France hee had a more secret negotiation Hee gaue commission also to treate with them of the Councell and sayd in the Consistory in a long discourse as he was very copious that it was necessary to celebrate it quickly seeing that besides Bohemia Prussia and Germanie which were much infected for those were his words Polonia also was in danger That in France and Spaine they were well affected in Religion but the Clergie was Hee is angry with y e French King badly vsed That which hee principally reprehended in France was the exaction of the Tenths which the King made the Clergie ordinarily pay But hee was more incited against Spaine For Paul the third and Iulius hauing And with the Emperour much mo 〈…〉 granted the Emperour Charles the halfe and quarter fruits for a Subsidie of the warre of Germany and hee hauing reuoked the grant because he was not satisfied with the Recesse of Ausburg yet they perseuered in Spaine and forced the Clergie to pay by sequesâ—rations and imprisonments Hee did not forbeare to say that the Emperour was an heretike that in the beginning hee fauoured the innouators of Germanie to depresse that holy Sea and to make himselfe Lord of Rome and of all Italie that hee held Paul the third in perpetuall trouble and that he should not doe the like to him Hee added that although hee might remedie all these inconueniences by his owne authority yet not to lay so great a burden vpon himselfe alone hee would not doe it without a Councell that hee had called it in Rome and named it the Lateran that hee had giuen Commission to signifie it to the Emperour and French King in courtesie but not to haue their consent or counsell because his will was they should obey that he was assured it would please neither of them because it is not for their purpose liuing as they doe and that they will say many things against it to disturbe it But hee will call it whether they will or no and make knowen what that Sea can doe when it hath a Pope of courage The 26. of May the anniuersarie of his Coronation all the Cardinals and Ambassadours dining with him according to custome hee began after dinner to discourse of the Councel and that his resolution was to celebrate it by all meanes in Rome and that in courtesie hee gaue notice thereof to the Princes and that the high wayes may be made secure for the Prelates But if no Prelates would come thither yet hee would hold it with those onely who are in Court because hee well knew what authority he had While the Pope was busie about the reformation newes came to Rome that a truce was concluded the fifth of February betweene the Emperour But most of all for the truce concluded betweene those two Princes and French King by the mediation of Cardinall Poole who did interpose in the name of the Queene of England which made the Pope amazed and the Cardinall Caraffa much more hauing beene treated and concluded without them The Pope was displeased principally
fauouring the Colonnesi and therefore spake very often disgracefully of them in the presence of all sorts of persons but most willingly when any Spanish Cardinall was present and at last commanded it should be written vnto them None of these proofes taking effect hee proceeded further and the three and twentieth day of Iuly made the Fiscal and Siluester Aldobrandinus the Consistoriall Aduocate appeare in the Consistory who declared that his Holinesse hauing excommunicated and depriued Marcus Antonius Colonna and prohibited vnder the same censures all sorts of persons to assist or fauour him and it being notorious that the Emperour and King Philip his The Pope maketh shew that he will proceed against the Emperor and his sonne sonne had furnished him with horse foote and money they were fallen into the punishments of the same sentence and had lost their Territories which they held in Fee Therefore they desired that his Holinesse would proceed to a declaratory sentence and giue order for execution The Pope answered that he would aduise of it by the counsell of the Cardinals and giuing them leaue to depart he proposed in Consistory what was fit to bee done in a case of so great importance The French Cardinals spake with much honour of the Emperour and King Philip but so that the Pope was more prouoked The Imperialists vsed words of an ambiguous sence fit to gaine time The Theatini the Popes owne Cardinals spake magnificently of the Papall authoritie and of the worth and wisedome of his Holinesse who onely knew how to finde a remedy for that maladie praising all that he had done and referring themselues vnto him for all the rest The Consistory being dismissed without a resolution the Pope knew that either hee must yeeld or come to a warre from which beeing not auerse in regard of his naturall disposition full of courage and hopes aduice came fitly to him from his Nephew of what was concluded in France So that the discourses of reformation and Councels were turned into parleys of money Souldiers and intelligences of which things as not pertaining to my purpose I will onely say as much as may shew what the Popes minde was and how much he was addicted to a true or at least to a colourable reformation of the Prouideth for warre Church The Pope armed the Citizens and inhabitants of Rome for the most part artisans and strangers to the number of 5000 distributing them vnder the Heads of the Rioni for so they were called hee caused many of his Cities to bee fortified and put garisons in them and the French King sent Wards or precincts him at his instance 3000. Gascons by sea that hee might subsist while the royall Army was prepared In these negotiations and preparations for warre the Pope imprisoned And imprisoneth many Cardinals Barons vpon suspicion and King Philip his Ambassadour many Cardinals Barons and others vpon suspicion as also Carsillasso di Vega Ambassadour of Philip King of England and Ioannes Antonius Tassis the Emperours Post-master And to the Duke of Alua who sent to protest against him for maintaining in Rome the fugitiues of the kingdome of Naples for laying hands on and keeping in prison publique persons without reason for hauing opened the Kings letters all which things hee had done adding that the King for preseruation of his honour and of the right of his people could not choose in case his Holinesse did perseuere in such offensiue actions but seeke reuenge for the iniurie he sent backe an answere that The Duke of Alua protesteth of the wrong done to his Master by the Pope and receueth a proud answere hee was a free Prince and superiour to all others not bound to giue any account but to demaund it of any whosoeuer that hee might entertaine any persons and open any letters which hee thought to bee written against the Church that if Carcillasso had done the office of an Ambassadour nothing should haue been done against him but hauing made treaties mooued seditions 1557 PAVL 4. CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. plotted against the Prince to whom he was sent he had offended as a priuate man and as such should bee punished that no danger should make him bee wanting to the dignity of the Church and defence of that Sea referring all to GOD by whom hee was made shepheard of the flocke of CHRIST And the Pope still continuing to make prouision the Duke of Alua being resolued that it was better to assault then to bee assaulted sent another protestation against him that the King hauing endured so many iniuries knowing that the intention of his Holinesse was to dispossesse him of the kingdome of Naples and beeing assured that to this end hee had made a league with his enemies could not continue in those termes and therefore in regard his Holinesse did desire warre hee did denounce it against him and would begin it quickly protesting that the calamities thereof could not be imputed to him and laying the blame vpon the Pope But if he desired peace he did offer it likewise vnto him with all readinesse The Pope making a shew to desire peace but answering onely in generall termes to gaine time the Duke began to make warre the fourth of September and in the yeere 1556. possessed himselfe of almost all Campania holding it in the For which cause he moueth warre against him name of the next Pope and came so neere to Rome that he put all the Citie in feare and made them strengthen and fortifie it And the Pope to teach the Gouernours of strong places what they ought to doe in such cases compelled all the religious persons of what state or qualitie soeuer to carry earth with a dosser on their shoulders to raise the bulwarkes Amongst other places which had need of Rampards one was neere the gate of the people at the end of the way called Flaminia where there is a Church of our Ladie The Pope armeth the Regulars and purposeth to pull downe a Church of great deuotion of much deuotion which the Pope purposing to pull downe the Duke sent to pray him to let it stand giuing his word and oath that he would make no vse of the opportunitie of that place But the greatnesse of the Citie and other respects and dangers counselled him not assayling Rome to vndertake smaller enterprises It gaue much matter of discourse that this yeere Charles the Emperor The Emperor quitteth the world parted from Flanders and passed into Spaine to betake himselfe to a priuate life in a solitary place so that they made a comparison betweene a Prince trained vp from his infancie in the negotiations and affaires of the world who at the age of little more then fifty yeeres had resolued to quit the world and onely to serue God changed from a mighty Prince to a meane religious person and one who had formerly abandoned the Eiscopal charge to retire into a Monastery and now being at the age
of 80. yeeres and made Pope did wholly addict himselfe to pomp and pride and endeauoured to set all Europe on fire with warre In the beginning of the yeere 1557. the Duke of Guise passed into Italy 1557. The Duke of Guise passeth into Italy with an army with his armie in fauour of the Pope who to obserue the promise of his nephew made to the French King made a promotion of 10. Cardinals which not beeing according to the meaning and the end agreed on neither for the number nor qualitie of the persons his excuse was that hee was so The Pope createth ten Cardinals neerely conioyned with his Maiestie that his dependants would bee as seruiceable to the King as the Frenchmen themselues and that he might assure himselfe that they were all for him and that he could not then make a greater promotion seeing the number was so great already arriuing to 70. which would quickely bee diminished by remoouing some rebels and putting honest men in their roomes which hee meant of those who were already in the Castle and others against whom he had a desseigne as well for matter of State as of Religion For hee was not so intent to the warre as that he did The Inquisition is the principal mysterie of the Papacle Card. Morone and the B of Morlena are imprisoned And Card. Poole depriued of his Legation abandon the businesse of the Inquisition which he said was the principall secret and mysterie of the Papacie He had some information against Cardinall Morone that he held intelligence in Germanie and did imprison him in the Castle deputing foure Cardinals to examine him seuerely and Egidius Foscararus Bishop of Modena as confederate with him Hee depriued also Cardinall Poole of his Legation of England and cited him to appeare in the Inquisition at Rome hauing alreadie imprisoned his inward friend as one of his complices Thomas S. Felice Bishop of Caua And that hee might not pretend to stay in England vnder colour of his Legation and the affaires of those Churches hee created Cardinall at Whitsuntide William Peto Bishop of Salisbury and made him Legate in the place of Poole And although the Queene and King testifying what seruice hee had done to the Catholique Faith made earnest intercession for him yet the Pope would neuer remit one iote of his rigour Cardinall Poole obeyed laying aside the administration and ornaments of a Legat sending Ormaneto to Rome to giue an account of his Legation but himselfe parted not out of England alledging the Queenes commandement because neither shee nor the King thinking the Pope was passionate would consent that hee should goe In England many were scandalized for it and aliened from the Pope and many Wherewith many were offended in Rome thought it a calumnie inuented to reuenge himselfe for the truce betweene the two Kings treated by him being Cardinall and Legate without imparting it to him And the opposition which hee made against him in the Conclaue to hinder him from being Pope was thought to haue no better ground The new Legat a man of great integritie had the same conceits who though hee tooke vpon him the name of Legat not to anger the Pope yet in nine moneths that he liued after he had the crosse of the Legation hee did neuer exercise the Charge but bare the same respect towards Poole as before The Duke of Guise being come into Italy made warre in Piemont with purpose to continue it in Lumbardie and so to diuert the armes taken vp against the Pope But the Popes ardent desire to assaile the Kingdome of Naples did not permit him The Frenchmen knew the difficulties and the Duke of Guise with some principall Commanders went to Rome by post to make the Pope vnderstand what the reasons of warre did perswade In whose presence all being consulted on and the Popes resolution not giuing place to any other deliberation it was necessary to yeeld vnto him Yet they did nothing but assault Ciuitella a place situated at the entry into the Prouince The Duke of Guise receiueth a repulse by default of the Caraffi of Abruzzo where the armie had the repulse and Guise complained much that the Caraffi had not made the prouisions which they had promised and were necessary In summe the Popes armes as well his owne as auxiliarie were not much fauoured by God But in the midst of August the army of the Duke of Alua approaching Rome not afraid of the French which 1557 PAVL 4. FERDINAND MARY HENRY 2. The Pope is terrified by the approaching of the Duke of Alua The battell of S. Quintin was entertained in Abruzzo and the Pope vnderstanding the surprize and sacke of Signea the slaughter of many and the danger in which Pagliano was he related all in Consistorie with many teares adding that he did vndauntedly expect martyrdom the Cardinals marueiling that he should paint out the cause to them who vnderstood the trueth as if it had bin of CHRIST whereas it was profane and proceeded from ambition and say it was the principall sinew and mystery of the Papacie When the Popes affaires were in the greatest straits the French Kings Army had such a great ouerthrow neere to S. Quintin that hee was forced to recall the Duke of Guise and his forces for the safety of the Kingdome letting the Pope know his ineuitable necessitie giuing him leaue to take what counsell seemed best for him and sending him backe the hostages The Pope refused to let Guise returne whereupon there beeing a great contestation Maketh the French King recall the D of Guise and his forces Whom the Pope disimsseth with bad tearmes betweene them the Pope not able to keepe him bid him goe seeing hee had done little seruice to the King lesse to the Church and none at all to his owne honour In the end of that moneth the Duke of Alua approached Rome which he had taken but for want of courage His retreat was ascribed to the basenesse of his minde who publikely sayd that hee feared that if Rome had been sacked the Armie would haue been scattered and the Kingdome The Duke of Alua might haue taken Rome and did not exposed to danger without forces or defence But secretly hee said that beeing in the seruice of a King who bare great reuerence to that place hee refrained to doe it because he knew not whether the action would haue been approoued Finally a composition was made the fourteenth of September betweene Alua and the Caraffi the warre hauing continued a whole But made a base composition with the Pope yeere In the capitulations the Pope would not haue Colonna nor any of his subiects comprehended nor any word inserted to shew that hee had offended in imprisoning the Emperours Ministers but maintained most constantly that the Duke of Alua ought to come to Rome to aske pardon and receiue absolution saying plainely that before hee would loose one iore of this due for so
aforesaid The Pope perceiuing that by the warre past hee was depriued of the credit 1558. The Pope proceedeth seuerely against his owne family with which hee thought to daunt the whole world thought to regaine it by an heroicall action and did the sixe and twentieth of Ianuary in Consistory depriue Cardinall Caraffa of the Legation of Bolonia and of all gouernement and confined him to Ciuita Lauinia and tooke from Iohn Caraffa the Cardinals brother the command and charge of the Armie exiling him likewise to Galessi Hee depriued the other Nephew of the gouernement of Borgo and banished him to Monte-bello commanding that their wiues familie and children should depart from Rome and themselues not depart from the places to which they were banished vpon paine of rebellion Hee depriued likewise all those of their offices to whom he had giuen them in contemplation of these Hee spent more then sixe houres in complaining and enueighing against their offences with such furie that hee disdained at the Cardinals who spake any good word to pacific him To Cardinall S. Angelo who first commending iustice put him in minde of a saying of Paul the 3. which he often vsed that the Pope should neuer take hope of fauour from any hee answered that his grand father Paul the 3. should haue done better to haue proceeded against his father and punished his villanies Hee instituted Instituteth a new gouernment in Rome a new gouernment in Rome and in the State of the Church giuing the charge of all businesses to Camillus Orsinus vnto whom hee ioyned the Cardinals of Trani and Spoleto affecting a fame of iustice in these actions and laying the blame of all the grieuances which the people suffered vpon the Nephewes Being thus disburthened of the gouernement he applyed himselfe wholly to the office of the Inquisition saying it was the true Ramme to beate downe heresie and defend the Apostolike Sea And not regarding what did befit the time hee published a new Constitution dated the fifteenth of Februarie which hee made all the Cardinals subscribe In this he And applieth himselfe wholy to the office of the Inquisition Making a new Constitution renewed euery censure and punishment pronounced by his predecessors and euery Statute of Canons Councels and Fathers in what time soeuer published against heretikes ordaining that those that were disused should bee brought in vse againe Hee declared that all Prelates and Princes euen Kings and Emperours fallen into heresie should be and should bee vnderstood to be depriued of all their Benefices States Kingdomes and Empires without further declaration and vncapeable to be restored to them euen by the Apostolike Sea and their goods States Kingdomes and Empire shall bee vnderstood to be common and to belong to those Catholikes who can get them This did minister much talke and if it had not presently been Which was disesteemed by the world disesteemed by the world it would haue kindled a fire in all Christendome Another accident made the world know that he had not moderated the haughtinesse of his minde The Emperour Charles in the yeere 1556. by his letters written to the Electors and Princes did absolutely giue to Ferdinand all the administration of the Empire without reseruing any thing to himselfe commanding that he should be obeyed by all Afterwards he sent William Prince of Orange with two colleagues to the Diet in Germanie to transfer the name title crowne and dignitie vpon Ferdinand as if himselfe had beene dead which not seeming fit to the Electors was deferred vntill the yeere 1558. in which the fourth of February the day of the Natiuitie Coronation and other felicities of Charles the Ceremonies of the resignation being made by his Ambassadors in presence of the Electors Ferdinand was installed with the vsual rites The Pope hearing this fell into an excessiue rage Ferdinand is installed in the Empire He pretended that as the Popes confirmation doth make the Emperour so the resignation cannot be put into the hands of any but himselfe in which case it belonged to him to make what Emperour he pleased alleadging that the Electors haue power granted them by the Popes fauour to elect the Emperour in place of him that is dead but not in case of resignation in which it remaineth still in the power of the Apostolike Sea as also to the disposition The Pope refuseth to acknowledge him thereof are annexed all dignities resigned vnto it Therefore the resignation of Charles is voyd and the whole authoritie to choose an Emperour is deuolued to him and was resolued not to acknowledge the King of the Romanes for Emperour Ferdinand though he knew this sent Martin Gusman his Ambassador to giue him an account of his brothers resignation and his owne assumption to testifie vnto him the reuerence hee bare him to promise him obedience and to signifie vnto him that he would send a solemne Ambassage to treate of his Coronation The Pope refused to heare him and referred the discussion And to heare his Ambassadour of the matter to the Cardinals who related for the Popes wil was they should doe so that the Ambassador could not be admitted before it did appeare whether the resignation of Charles were lawfull and the succession of Ferdinand iust For he being elected King of the Romans and the election confirmed by Clement to succeed after the death of the Emperour it was necessary the Empire should bee voide by death Besides there was a nullitie in all the actes of Francfort as made by heretikes who haue lost all authoritie and power Wherefore it was necessary that Ferdinand should send a Proctor and renounce whatsoeuer was done in that Diet and beseech the Pope that hee would graciously bee pleased to make good the resignation of Charles and his assumption to the Empire by vertue of his plenarie power from whom he might expect all paternall grace and fauour The Pope resolued according to this Counsell and so declared himselfe to Gusman giuing him three moneths to put it in execution beyond which time hee would heare no more speech of it but himselfe would create a new Emperor Neither was it possible to remoue him though King Philip to fauour his vncle sent Francis Vargas expresly and after him Iohn Figaroa to intreate him Ferdinand vnderstanding this gaue order to Gusman that if within three dayes after the receipt thereof he were not admitted by the Pope he should depart and protest vnto him that Ferdinand together with the Electors would resolue of that which should be for the honour of the Empire Gusman desired audience againe which the Pope granted in priuate not as vnto an Ambassadour of the Emperour and hearing him relate what he had in his instructions and that which was wrote vnto him from the Emperor he answered that the things considered by the Cardinals were very important and that hee could not resolue on them so soone that he would send a Nuncio to the Imperiall Maiestie of Charles
this respect another accident was as grieuous as the former But more with the capitulations of the peace of Cambray that is the peace made at Cambray the third of Aprill betweene the Kings of France and Spaine which was well confirmed by the marriages of the daughter of Henry to the King of Spaine and of his sister to the Duke of Sauoy In which peace amongst other capitulations it was agreed that both the Kings should make a faithfull promise to labour ioyntly that the Councell should bee celebrated the Church reformed and the differences of religion composed The Pope considered how goodly a shew the title of reformation and the name of a Councell did make that England was lost and all Germany also partly by the Protestants and partly by his difference with Ferdinand that these two vnited Kings were much offended by him the Spaniards by deedes and words the French by words at the least there remayning none to whom he might haue refuge that the Cardinals were wearie of his gouernement and his people not well affected in regard of the incommodities of the warre and the taxes layd vpon them These cogitations did so afflict the old Pope that hee was vnfit to rule Hee could not holde the Consistories so often as hee was woont and when hee did holde So that hee became vnfit to rule them hee spent the most part of the time in speaking of the Inquisition and exhorting the Cardinals to fauour it as beeing the onely way to extinguish heresies But the two Kings did not agree to procure the Councell for any ill will or interests which either of them had against the Pope or Papacie but to prouide against the new doctrines which did exceedingly increase being willingly heard and receiued by all men of conscience and which was of more The progresse of the reformed religion and y e meanes vsed to suppresse it importance the male-contented and those who were desirous of innouations put themselues on that side and did dayly vnder pretence of religion make some enterprises as well in the Low Countries as in France in regard those people did loue their libertie and had commerce with Germanie as bordering vpon it In the beginning of the troubles some seedes were sowed which that they might not take roote the Emperour Charles the fifth in the Low Countries and the French King in his Kingdome made many Edicts and commanded diuers executions whereof wee haue spoken in their due places But after that the number of the Protestants did increase in Germanie and the Euangeliques did multiply amongst the Suisses and the separation was made in England by reason of the often warres betweene the Emperour and French King either partie was forced to call Auxiliaries out of these three Nations who publikely professing and preaching the Reformed religion in their quarters by their example and by other meanes diuers of the people became of their opinion It is certaine that this compelled Charles the Emperour to attempt the bringing in of the Spanish Inquisition seeing that other remedies did not preuaile though hee was partly forced to desist for the causes before related And Henry the French King gaue the Bishops authoritie to punish heretiques a thing neuer vsed before in that Kingdome And although in the Low Countries from the first Edict of Charles vntill this time of the peace there were hanged beheaded buried aliue and burned to the number of fifty thousand and very many put to death in France In the Low Countries 50000 were executed for religion in a short time and very many in France yet both places were then in worse case then euer This made the Kings to thinke ioyntly of finding a remedie by the great perswasion of the Cardinall of Loraine for the French and of Granuel Bishop of Arras for the Spaniards who being in Cambray from October vntill Aprill with other Deputies of the two Kings to treate a peace did conferre particularly amongst themselues how that doctrine might be rooted out and were afterwards the chiefe instruments of whatsoeuer did happen in both States The cause they Whereof the Cardinall of Loraine and Granuel Bishop of Arras were causes alledged to be the zeale of religion and the seruice of their Princes but it was vniuersally beleeued that it was rather ambition and a deseigne to enrich themselues by the spoyles of those who were to be condemned The peace beeing made the King of Spaine to begin to giue some order not being able to bring in the Inquisition openly thought to doe it obliquely The King of Spaine erecteth Bishoprickes in the Low Countries that hee might more easily bring in the Inquisition by the Bishops But there beeing but two Bishopricks in the Low Countries Cambray and Vtrect and the residue of the Clergie subiect to the Bishops of Germanie and France and those two Bishoprickes also subiect to forraigne Arch-bishops to whom appeales could not be denied so that he could not worke his will by meanes of them hee thought fit to free all that Clergie from the subiection of Bishops who were not his subiects and to institute three Arch-bishoprickes in those Countries Meclin Cambray and Vtrect and to erect into Bishoprickes Anwerp Balduck Gant Bridges Ipre S. Omar Namur Harlem Middleburgh Lewarden Groninghe Ruremond and Dauenter annexing vnto them for reuenewes some rich Abbies Hee caused the Pope to approoue all this by his Bull dated the ninth of May the same yeere The pretence for doing of this was that formerly those Countries beeing not much inhabited did not neede a greater number of Bishops but now the multitude of people and dignitie of the Cities did require they should bee honoured with Ecclesiasticall titles Yet the Nobilitie and Comminalty did imagine it was an art to bring in the Inquisition in which opinion they were confirmed when they saw the Popes Bull. For according to the vse of Rome to enlarge their power or profit in euery bargaine he alledged for a cause of that new institution that that Countrey was compassed and as it were besieged by Schismatiques who did not obey him the Head of the Church so that the true faith was in great danger by the fraudes and insidiations of the Heretiques if new and good Gardians were not placed ouer them This occurrence made the Nobilitie to adhere together and to thinke how to make resistance before there was meanes to compell them by force of armes Which maketh the Nobility to combine and refuse to pay tribute They resolued therefore not to pay tribute vntill the Spanish Souldiers were remooued out of the Countrey and began to incline more to the new opinion and to fauour it which caused the other troubles which shall bee spoken of But the French King desirous to make prouision that the Lutheran sect The French King entreth into the Mercuriall should not more encrease in the Kingdome vnderstanding that some of the Counsellors of the Parliament were infected with
conspiracie so that they disarmed within 24. houres Afterwards the King by his Edict pardoned all the reformatists vntill they returned to the Church Hee forbade all assemblies for Religion and committed to the Bishops the hearing of the causes of heresie This displeased the Chancellor though hee consented for feare the Spanish Inquisition would bee brought in as the Guisards desired The humors mooued were not quieted by the punishment of the Conspirators and the pardons published nor the hopes laid aside which they had conceiued to haue libertie of religion yea greater tumults of the people were raised in Prouence Languedoc and Poitou whether the Preachers of Geneua The Protestants doe increase by meanes of the Preachers of Geneua were called and came willingly by whose Sermons the number of the Protestants did increase This generall and sudden combination made the gouernours of the Kingdome resolute that there was neede of an Ecclesiasticall remedie and that very quickly and a Nationall Synode was proposed by the whole Councell The Cardinall of Armignac said that nothing was to be done without the Pope that he alone was able to make prouision that they should write to Rome and expect an answere To which opinion some few Prelats did adhere But the Bishop of Valence said that a sudden remedy could not be expected from the Pope because he was farre distant nor a fit one because hee was not informed of the particular necessity of the Kingdome nor a charitable one because he was busied in making his Nephewes great that GOD had giuen to all kingdomes all things necessary to gouerne them that France had Prelats of its owne to regulate the causes of religion who better know the wants of the kingdome that it would bee a great absurditie to see Paris burne hauing the riuers of Some and Marne full of water and to beleeue that water must be brought from Tiber to quench the fire The resolution A Nationall Synod is intimated in France of the Councell was that there beeing neede of a strong and sudden remedy the Prelates of the Kingdome should assemble to finde a way to hinder the course of these great mischiefes and the eleuenth of Aprill the Synod was intimated for the tenth of September But that the Pope might not take it in ill part a Curriet was dispatched to Rome to giue him an account of the resolution and to enforme him of the necessity of that remedy and to pray him not to take it amisse The Ambassador represented to his Holinesse the infection of the kingdome and the dangers and the hope which the King had of some good remedy by a generall Conuocation of the Prelats without which he saw no meanes to make an effectuall pouision Therefore hee was forced not to deferre longer nor to expect remedies from places romote which were vncertaine and long in comming and to vse that which was in his owne power and he added that no constitution of that Synod should bee of force before it were confirmed by his Holinesse The Pope on the contrary did grieuously complaine that the King had pardoned the errours committed against religion euen of The Pope blameth the French King for pardoning hereâ—â—kes those who did not aske it wherein none had power but himselfe And what King is there hee sayd who thinketh hee is able to pardon offences against GOD That it is no maruell if by the iust wrath of GOD there be so many tumults in that kingdome where the Sacred Canons are disesteemed and the Popes authority vsurped He said that the assembling of the Prelats would doe no good yea would cause a greater diuision that he had proposed a generall Councel which was the onely remedy that the cause why it was not essembled already proceeded from them who would not haue it that hee was resolued to celebrate it though it were desired by none but And will not approue the Nationall Synod would not by any meanes consent to the assembly of the Prelates either in France or elsewhere that this was neuer tolerated by the Apostolique Sea that if euery Prince should celebrate Councels of himselfe a confusion and separation of the Church must needes follow Hee complained much that the assembly was first intimated and then his consent demanded which hee must needes thinke was done with small respect of the head of the Church to whom all Ecclesiasticall affaires are to bee referred not to giue him an account when they are done but to receiue from him authority to doe them that the Edicts published did inferre an Apostasie in that kingdome from the Sea of Rome for remedie whereof hee would send an expresse Nuncio to make his will knowen to the King Hee sent the Bishop of Viterbo with instruction to shew him that a Nationall But sendeth a Nuncio into Spaine to disswade it Councell of that Kingdome would bee a kinde of Schisme from the vniuersall Church giue a bad example to other nations and make his Prelates proud assuming greater authoritie which diminution of his owne that it is generally knowen how earnestly they desire the restitution of the Pragmatique which they would first of all bring in by which meanes the King would lose his whole collation of the regalities and the presentation of the Bishoprickes and Abbies whence it would follow that the Prelats not acknowledging the power of the King would refuse to obey him And yet with all these inconueniences the euils which do now presse him would not be prouided against For the heretikes doe professe already that they esteeme not the Prelates so that whatsoeuer they should doe would bee opposed by the Protestant Ministers if for no other cause because it was done by them that the true remedie was to make the Prelates and other Curates reside and keepe their flockes opposing the furie of the woolues and to proceed in iustice against those who are iudged to bee heretiques by the iudges of faith and where it cannot bee done in regard of the multitude to vse force of armes to compell all to the performance of their duetie before the contagion doth increase that all these things beeing done now all differences might bee compleatly endded by the celebration of the generall Councell which hee would immediatly intimate that if the King would resolue to reduce the contumacious to obedience before they did more increase in number and strength hee promised to assist him with all his power and to labour that the King of Spaine and Princes of Italie should doe the like But if hee would not bee perswaded to compell his Subiects by force the Nuncio had instruction to propose vnto him that all the mischiefe which troubleth France and the poyson which infecteth that Kingdome and the neighbour places commeth from Geneua that the extirpation of that roote And to perswade y e King to make ware against Geneua would take away a great nourishment of the euill that making warre out of the Kingdome hee
should euacuate those bad humors which did trouble it Therefore he was to exhorâ— the King to ioyne with him in this good worke promising that hee would â—dâ—ee the King of Spaine and the Duke of Sauoy to doe the like The Pope gaue the bishop Commission also to negotiate the same thing with the Duke of Sauoy as he passed He wrote to the King of Spaine and â—ealt with him by his Nuncio that he would labour to diuert his cofin from the Nationall Councell which would be hurtfull to France and a bad example for Spaine and worse for the Low Countreys The Duke of Sauoy hearkened to the proposition of the warre of Geneua promising to employ himselfe wholly in it so that those two Kings would bee content to assist him and that the warre were to bee made by him and for him For that Citie belonging to his Dominion it was not iust in case it were wonne that any should possesse it but himselfe Therefore if his Holinesse would come to the effect it was necessary to make a league with plaine capitulations lest some great inconuenience might arise if either the Kings should not agree or himselfe should bee abandoned after he had prouoked the Suisses against him who would vndoubtedly defend the Citie For Geneua the King of Spaine considered that France would not permit it should bee in the hands of any but French-men which was not good for his seruice in regard of the vieinity of the Franche Countie Therefore hee answered that hee thought it not a fit time to make attempt But for the Nationall Councell of France he was perswaded it would bee a dangerous example to his States Therefore hee dispatched away Antonio di Toledo Prior of Lions to signifie to the French King that the celebration of that Councell would bee very hurtfull in regard of the diuision which might arise the kingdome being infected Hee prayed him not to goe on heerein The King of Spaine disswadeth y e French King from the Nationall Synode and sayd that nothing mooued him to make this request but onely his loue to him and his zeale to the glory of God Hee left to his consideration besides the contentions which it might cause within his kingdome the pernicious example which other Prouinces would take and the preiudice it would bring to the Generall Councell which was to bee held and was the onely remedy for all the euils and diuisions of Christendome that it would shew there was not so good intelligence betweene the Emperour and them as should bee and would make the Protestants waxe proud in preiudice of the publique cause Hee added that hee wanted not force to represse the insolencies of his Subiects and if hee would make vse of the forces of him the King of Spaine hee would very willingly employ them in this case and his owne person also if there were neede that his Subiects might not boast they had brought him to any indignitie whereof he was to consider much now in this beginning of his reigne Hee gaue commission also to his Ambassadour that if hee could not obtaine this hee should for the same and other reasons negotiate a suspension of it for as long a time as he could and should treate with the Cardinall of Lorayne who as hee vnderstood had a great hand in this Councell that as a Prince of the Church and as hauing a great part in the gouernement of that Kingdome hee was bound to consider the dammage which might redound to it and all Christendome He caused also the same request to be made to the Duke of Guise the Constable the Queene mother and to the Marshall Saint Andrew Hee gaue him commission also to aduise the Duchesse of Parma and Vargas his Ambassadour at Rome of whatsoeuer hee did Likewise hee gaue the Pope aduice of the earnest request he had made by one expresly sent and of the need that King had of assistance To this he added the necessitie in which himselfe was the Turkes hauing taken from him the yeere before twenty Gallies twenty fiue And demandeth of the Pope a Subsidie from the Ecclesiastikes round Ships and the fortresse of Gerbe which forced him to increase his Armie He therefore requested his Holinesse to grant him a large Subsidy of the Churches and Benefices of his Kingdomes The proposition of assaulting Geneua was not well taken in France because The French men are distasted with the proposition of assaulting Geneua it would make the Hugonots so the Reformatists are called suspicious and vnite themselues Besides none going to that warre but the Catholiques the Kingdome would bee left open to the opposites And to prouoke the Suisses protectors of that Citie seemed not good in regard of the seruice they might doe that Crowne Therefore they answered the Nuncio onely thus that while so great confusion did afflict the Kingdome within it was impossible to apply themselues to matters abroad But for the Nationall The French Kings answer concerning the Nationall Synode Councell the same answere was giuen to Toledo and the Nuncio that the King was resolued to keepe himselfe and the kingdome in the Catholique vnion that hee would make a Nationall Councell to separate himselfe but to vnite to the Church those that went astray that a Generall Councell would more please and in likelyhood be more profitable if his vrgent occasions would suffer him to expect the time which must needes be very long that the Nationall Councell which hee desireth shall depend on the Apostolique Sea and the Pope which shall cease when the Generall shall be assembled and shall incorporate with it And that his deedes may answere to his words hee desired the Pope to send a Legate into France with power to assemble the Bishops of the Kingdome and to settle the affaires of Religion The Pope cast foorth the Proposition to make warre against Geneua not so much for the hatred hee bare to that Citie as the Seminary of the Zuinglian Preachers in France or for feare of some innouation in Italy as to prolong the treatie of the Generall Councell For if the warre had beene kindled it would haue lasted a yeere at the least and in the meane while the Councell would haue beene forgotten or a good forme would haue beene found for it But now seeing that his proposition did not take effect and that the French did still perseuere in their resolution for a nationall Synode hee thought it necessary not to deferre his determination for the generall and to stop the French-men with this and with some grant of what they desired Hee conferred hereof with the Cardinals which were most intimate Maketh the Pope hasten the General Councell with him and particularly about the place which seemed of most importance because in conclusion the Councell doth produce effect according to the minde of him that is strongest in the place where it is celebrated Hee would faine haue proposed Bolonia or some other of his owne
not stop the eyes and eares of the world that they should not see and heare their differences and that if they would make shew of vnion where they were at variance they should bee conuinced of vanitie and lying and after many contentions they remained without agreement in that point For the Councell some thought fit to refuse it absolutely and others were of opinion to send Ambassadours to make offer that they would goe to a free and Christian Councell and to propose the exceptions of the suspicion of the Indges of the inconueniencie of that place and others often times proposed to shew they did not refuse the authoritie of a lawfull Councell and that the vnion of the Church was not hindered by them but by the ambition of the Coure of Rome which would make the Germane Catholiques more fauourable 〈◊〉 them And they concluded to make petition to the Emperour in this forme The two Nuncij arriuing in Austria at the same time found the Emperour To which place y e Popes two Nuncij are sent by the Emperor with three Ambasdors of his owne at Vienna who gaue them counsell to go both immediately to Nâ—umburg in Saxenie where the Protestants were assembled in a Diet and to treate as modestly with them as was possible taking care not to exasperate or offend them For if they went to each of them into their owne States they would bee posted from one to another and would neuer haue any certaine answere and when they had both performed this office ioyntly they might diuide themselues and god apart to whom they were sent He put them in mind of the Conditions with which the Protestants did formerly condescend to the Councell that if mention were made thereof againe they might bee prepared to replie in the Popes name what they thought fit The Emperour sent three Ambassadours of his owne to goe with them to the Assembly and the King of Bohemia did recommend them to the Duke of Saxonie that they might goe securely The Emperours Ambassadours hauing had audience at the Diet exhorted the Princes to assist in the Councell and to put an end to the 〈◊〉 of Germanie The Princes after they had consulted together thanked Caser and concerning the Councell said they would not refuse it if the word of GOD were to beiudge if the BB. were released of their oaths made to the Pope and the Sea of Rome and if the Protestant Theologiâ—es might have 〈◊〉 But seeing that the Pope admitteth no Bishops to be in the Councell but such as are sworne vnto him against which they The Protestants answer to the 〈◊〉 Ambassdor haue alwayes protested they could hardly agree vnto it that they were willing presently to represent so much to the Emperour with all respect deferring their absolute answere vntill the Princes then absent were informed Afterwards the Popes Nuncij were brought in who hauing commended the Popes 〈◊〉 and Religion in reuiuing the Councel to extiâ—pate 〈◊〉 in regard there are as many Religions and Gospels as there are Doctors said he had sent â—â—inuite them to helpe forward so laudable an enterprise promising that all should be handled with Christian Charitie and that their voyces shall be freeâ— They presented also the Popes Briefes written to each of them The next day all the Briefes sealed as before were sent backe and the Nuntij called And to the Popes Nuntij to receiue an answere which was to this effect That they did not acknowledge any iurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome that there was no cause to reueale their pleasure concerning the Councell to him who had no power either to call or hold it that they had deliuered their minde and determination to the Emperour their Lord that to the Nuncij who were nobly descended in a Common-wealth which they loued they offered all good office The Protestants doe intimate another assembly to begin in April and would doe more if they had not come from the Pope Thus they did end the assembly and did intimate another to begin in April to finish the 〈◊〉 of vâ—iting themselues together The Nuncio Delphinus deliuered his Ambassage in diuers Cities as he returned The negotiation of Delphinus The Senate of Noremberg answered that they would not forsake the Augustan Confession not accept of the Councell as not hauing the conditions required by the Protestants The Senates of Argentine Francfort Ausburg and Vlma answered in the same manner Comendone parting from the Of Comendone Diet went to Lubec from whence he sent to Frederic King of Denmarke to demand his Safe conduct to come to him to deliuer to him the Popes Ambassage and inuite him to fauour the Councell Hee answered that neither Christian his father nor himselfe had euer any thing to doe with the Pope and therefore hee cared not to receiue any Ambassage from him Both the Nuncij had a fauourable answere from the Prelates Princes and Cities Catholique with promise of deuotion to the Pope but concerning the Councell they sayd they were to treate with the Emperour it being necessary to consult together for feare of the Lutherans Ierolamus Martinengo sent to Of Martinengo the Queene of England for the same cause beeing in Flanders receiued commandement from her not to passe the Sea and although the King of Spaine and Duke of Alua did make earnest entreaty that hee might bee admitted and heard commending the cause of that Legation that is the vnion of all the Christian Church in a generall Councell yet the Queene did perseuere in her first resolution answering that she could not treat with the Bishop of Rome whose authority was excluded out of England by consent of Parliament Canobius when hee had deliuered his Ambassage to the King of Polonia by whom he was well receiued could not goe into Moscouia by reason of the warre betweene that Prince and the King But going into Prussia hee was answered by that Duke that he was of the Augustan Confession and could not consent to a Popish Councell The Suisses assembled in a Diet at Bada heard the Popes Nuncio and receiuing the Briefe one of the Burgomasters of Zuric And of Canobius did kisse it The Pope aduertised hereof could not choose but tell it to all the Ambassadours residing with him with much ioy But hauing consulted The Pope reioyceth that his Bull was kissed by a Burgomaster of Zuric of the businesse concerning the Councell the Catholiques answered that they would send thither and the Euangeliques that they would not accept of it The negotiation of the Nuncij in Neumburg beeing published in Rome there was a whispering against the Pope for sending Ministers to the Diet of the Protestants wherein hee excused himselfe that it was not by his order but by the Emperours to whose direction he did deferre the Nuncij for which hee did not blame him in regard hee did not care for nice points of honour but onely for doing of good The
Catholiques Others sayd it would bee generally good to handle these controuersies often because the parties would by this meanes become familiar malice and other bad affections would cease and many wayes of composition might be found and that there was no other course to extirpate the euill that had taken such deepe roote For the Court being diuided vnder pretence of religion it was impossible they should be reconciled except all obstinacie layd aside they did tolerate one another and take that cloake out of the hands of vnquiet and turbulent people with which they couer their bad actions The Pope vnderstanding that the Colloquie was dissolued without doing Wherwith the Pope is well pleased any thing was very glad and much commended the Cardinall of Loraine and Tornon more The zeale of the Iesuite pleased him and sayd hee might be compared to the ancient Saints hauing without respect of the King and Princes maintained Gods cause and vpbrayded the Queene to her face On the contrary hee reprehended the oration of the Chancellour saying The Chancellour of France is blamed in Rome together with the whole gouernment of that kingdom it was hereticall in many parts and threatned to call him into the Inquisition The Court also when it was diuulged to them was distasted with it and coniectured that all the gouernours of the Kingdome had the same disposition toward Rome and the French Ambassadour had much adoe to defend himselfe That which hapned to the Cardinall of Ferrara is not to bee omitted as The entertainment of the Cardinall of Ferrara in France being of affinitie to the matter whereof I write That Prelate was receiued at the first by the King and Queene with much honour and hauing presented the Popes letters of credence was acknowledged for Legate of the Apostolike Sea by their Maiesties by the Princes and Clergie But the Parliament hauing discouered that amongst his Commissions one was to desire a reuocation or moderation at the least of the things accorded in the States of Orleance the last of Ianuary concerning the distribution of Benefices and particularly the prohibition of paying Annates to Rome and sending money out of the Kingdome to obtaine Benefices there or other fauours did immediatly publish the Decrees which had not been punished vntill that time vnder the date of the thirteenth of September that the Cardinall might not obtaine his purpose and did resolue not to giue the Legate leaue to vse the Faculties giuen him by the Pope For the custome of that kingdome is that a Legate cannot exercise his office if his Faculties be not first presented and examined in Parliament and regulated and moderated by a decree thereof and confirmed in that forme by the Kings Briefe so that when the Bull of the Faculties of the Legation was presented to bee as they say approoued it was refused by the Chancellour and Parliament alleadging that it was already determined not to vse any more dispensations against the rules of the Fathers nor collation of Benefices against the Canons But the Cardinall had a greater affront in that Pasquins were made and spread both in the Court and Citie of Paris concerning the loues of Lucretia Borgia his mother and Pope Alexander the sixt his Grand-father by the mothers side with repetition of the obscenities diuulged throughout all Italy in the time of that Popedome which made the Cardinall ridiculous to the people The first thing hee vndertooke was to hinder the preaching of the Reformatists who after the Colloquie did practise it more freely then before and vsed perswasions and made secret promises to the Ministers And because hee had no credit with them in regard of his kinred with the house of Guise for which reason also he was held suspected by all the opposites of that familie to gaine reputation he made acquaintance with the Nobles of the Hugonot faction and went to their feasts and sometimes was present at their Sermons His familiarity with the Hugonots in the habit of a Gentleman By all which he gained nothing because many thought he did it as Legate by consent of the Pope and the Court of Displeaseth the Court of Rome Rome was displeased with his actions The Queene of France vnderstanding that the King of Spaine tooke the Colloquie in ill part sent Iaques de Montbrun expresly to him who made a large The Q. mother sendeth an Ambassadour into Spaine to excuse the Colloquie excuse that all was done for necessitie and not in fauour of the Protestants and that the King and Queene without speaking any more of a Nationall Councell were resolued to send their Bishops to Trent as soone as might bee The King answered him in generall words and referred him to the Duke of Alua who hauing heard his Ambaslage said that the King was sory that in a kingdome so neere and so neerely allied to him in kinred religion should be so ill handled that there was neede of that seuerity which Henry vsed in a Mercuriall Congregation and Francis in Amboise not long since hee prayed the Queene to make prouision in regard the danger of France belonging to him also hee was resolued by the aduice of his Councell to imploy all his forces and his life also to extinguish the common pestilence whereunto he was sollicited by the Grandies and people of France The wise Spaniards thought The Spaniards would haue cured y e maladies of Flanders with the medicine of France to cure the maladies of Flanders by the medicine of France which were not lesse but onely were lesse apparant and tumultuous The King of Spaine could neuer make the States assemble to obtaine a contribution or donatiue but priuate assemblies in Cambray Valentia and Tornay were discouered The Magistrate hauing forbid them and imprisoned some of them they put themselues into Armes with great danger of rebellion and it seemed that the Prince of Orange and Count Egmont were open fauourers of them especially after that the Prince had married Anne daughter of Maurice Duke of Saxonie The Prince of Orange marieth the daughter of y e Duke of Saxony deceased which did much displease the King foreseeing what issue such a marriage might haue contracted by one of his Subiects with a Protestant of so great adherence Yet the Spaniards spake as if Flanders had beene sound and that they feared infection in France onely which they would haue purged with warre And the Ambassadour was answered concerning the King of Nauarre of whose businesse he had Commission to treate that hee deserued nothing for the small care hee had of religion and that if hee would haue fauour he should first mooue warre against the Hugonots in France The Queene also excused the same Colloquie to his Holinesse by the Kings Ambassadour in Rome telling him that to put the Hugonots to silence who said they were persecuted before they were heard and to appease their commotions the King was forced to graunt them publique audience in the
opposite whose Ambassadours would be in Trent very shortly he resolued to giue the King 100000. crownes and to lend him as much in the Name of Marchants vpon sufficient assurance for the principall and the interest so that he would in earnest and without dissimulation reuoke the Edicts and make warre for religion that with that money Suisses and Germanes might be leuied to bee vnder the conduct of his Legate and the collours of the Church that no Hugonot should bee pardoned without his consent that the Chancellor the Bishop of Valence and others to bee named by him should be imprisoned that in the Councel nothing should be handled against his authority and that his Ambassadours should not make mention of the Annats Yet he promised to accord with the King in that matter and to reforme it to the satisfaction of his Maiestie Afterwards the Pope consulted on the point of Residence that when there was occasion hee might speake thereof correctly without preiudice to himselfe or scandall to others And hauing well discussed the reasons hee setled his opinion to approoue it and cause it to be executed vpon what He consulteth on the point of Residence law soeuer it were grounded whether Canonicall or Euangelicall And so he answered the French Ambassadour who spake to him of it adding that he alone is deputed to see the execution of all the Euangelicall precepts For CHRIST hauing sayd to S. Peter Feede my Lambes hath ordained that all the orders made by his diuine Maiestie shall be executed by meanes of him onely and that hee would make a Bull thereof with a penalty of depriuation of the Bishoprickes which should be more feared then a declaration which the Councell might make de iure Diuine And the Ambassadour insisting vpon the liberty of the Councell hee said that if all liberty were graunted vnto it they would extend it to reforme not onely the Pope but Secular Princes also And this forme of speech much pleased his Holinesse who was wont to say that nothing was worse then to stand vpon the defence onely and that if others did threaten him with the Councell hee would play with them at the same weapons At this time to begin to execute that which hee had requested and promised And reformeth the Court in petty matters onely that is to reforme the Court that the Councell might not meddle with it he first published a reformation of the Penitentiary a very principall member giuing out a report that hee would shortly also reforme the Chancerie and the Chamber Euery one did expect that the things belonging to the saluation of soules should haue beene regulated which are managed in that office but in the Bull there was not any the least mention made of repentance conscience or any other spirituall thing onely it tooke away the Faculties which the Penitentiary doth exercise in diuers causes beneficiall belonging to the exterior discipline of regular Friars not expressing whether that prouision was made to giue those Faculties to some other officers or whether hee esteemed them abuses vndecent and would banish them from Rome But the euent did immediatly take away the doubt For the same things were obtained from the Datary and by other wayes onely with greater charge And this was the fruit of the reformation But to returne to Trent the Fathers hauing deliuered their opinions and the deputies framed nine Decrees for the Articles of Matrimonie as already decided and of residencie by consent of the Legats and of some of the Fathers perswaded thereunto were omitted they proposed them to bee established in Congregation and to bee read in the Session at the time appointed By reason of this omission the demands of those that fauoured residency Another contendon about Residence were stirred vp Wherunto the Legats answering that that Article was not wel discussed nor was fit to be proposed in that Session but that it should bee done in time conuenient they were more earnest then before alleadging that there would neuer bee a greater opportunitie murmuring that it was a tricke neuer to conclude it But they were forced to relent seeing the Legates resolute not to handle it then and because those of the contrary opinion encouraged from Rome did labour more effectually to the contrarie Therefore speaking of the other Articles onely with some few alterations the nine heads were framed The Maquis of Pescara made earnest suite in the Kings name that that Councel might be declared to be a Continuation of the Councell begun vnder Paul 3. and prosecuted vnder Iulius He was assisted by the Spanish Prelates The Spanish Ambassadour maketh siut to haue the Continuation declared and others who followed them alleadging that it was to be done for necessity of faith and that otherwise the determinations already made would be questioned which would be a notable impiety The Emperours Ambassadors vsed strong perswasions to the contrary saying they would presently depart And is opposed by the Emperours Ambassadors protest For the Emperor hauing giuen his word to Germany that that Conuocation should be a new Councel he could not indure so great an affront They said they would not by this meanes reexamine the things decided but that while there was hope to reduce Germany they would not cut it off especially with so much disgrace of the Emperor Card. Seripando had no other aime but that it should be determined to be a continuation formerly in making the Bul of the Conuocation did labour therein did now effectually further the Spaniards request But Mantua did constantly resist that such an iniurie might not be done to the Emperor without necessitie and he found a temper to pacifie the Spaniards saying that hauing already held 2. Sessions without making mention of this proposition it will be no preiudice to deferre it also to another The resolution of the Emperors Ambassadors to depart and the perswasion of the Card. caused Pescara to proceed more rimisly And letters came very fitly from Lewis de Lansac chiefe of the Ambassadours sent to the Councel from the French King who beeing in his voyage not farre distant wrote to the Legats and Fathers to pray them that the Session might be prorogued vntil he his Colleagues were come Mantua making vse of this occasion proposed the prorogation of the Session for which though they would not consent in regard of maintaining the dignity of the Synod yet they resolued some for one respect some for another and some because the humors of residence were not wel quieted to celebrate it without proposing any thing The 14. day being come they met in the publike Session with the vsuall A Session is held Ceremonies where the Masse and the prayers accustomed being ended the Secretary read the Mandats of Princes according to the order in which the Ambassadors presented themselues in Congregation Of the Catholike king of the Duke of Florence of the Suisses of the Clergie of Hungary and of
experience The Pope did seeme to bee pleased with the resolution both in sending the Cardinall and in accepting the Decrees of the Councell Hee promised the Legats and Fathers should receiue the French Prelates honourably and courteously expecting their assistance in matters of Religion in which they were so much interested especially the Cardinall who is the second Ecclesiasticall person in the world not much inferiour to a Pope Hee said the Bishops had discreetely handled the points of reformation in the assembly of Poisi offering to cause the greater part of them to be confirmed by the Councell Hee added that hee was forced to hasten the ende of the Synode in regard of his great charge which if it did continue long hee could not bee able to continue in assisting the King in his warre so that hee hoped hee would ioyne with him to conclude it The conclusion of his discourse was that hee had no authoritie in Councell but to approoue or reiect the determinations of it without which they would be of no force and that his purpose was to goe to Bolonia when the Councel was ended and to assemble all the Fathers there that he might know them and thanke them and make the approbation This French messenger gaue the Pope also the letters of the Cardinall of Loraine of the same tenour with an addition of profers to preserue by all meanes the authority of the holy Sea The Pope asked him in particular what the Cardinal meant to propose but receiuing onely a generall answere that is necessary remedies for the Kingdome of France hee answered to make the Cardinall be thinke himselfe what to doe that all should bee maturely aduised on euery thing being decided in Councell by pluralitie of voyces It was resolued in the Congregation of the Cardinals to answere the Legates that they should labour to conclude the Article of residence before the The answere made to the Legates comming of the French-men and to referre it to the Pope without any Decree if it were possible but if not yet at the least with a Decree If neither could bee obtained then to make the declaration with rewards and punishments not touching the poynt whether it were de iure Diuino That the Article of the institution of Bishops seemed difficult and of great consequence and therefore that they should procure that it should be remitted likewise which in case they could not doe yet they should inuiolably obserue not to suffer a determination to passe that it was de iure Diuino Concerning reformation that his Holinesse was resolute that none should meddle with the Papacie and Court who already had made so many reformations which all the world did knowe as that euery disorder was redressed and if any thing remained was willing to adde it that for all other matters they should tell all men plainely that the Pope did remit the reformation freely to the Councell and of those things which were proposed by the Imperialists and decreed by the French-men in Poisi they should propose in Councell what they thought expedient but not resolue before they sent aduise againe The proposition to finish the Councell was esteemed by the congregation to bee of greater moment not because the necessitie to doe it was not manifest but because they saw not the meanes in regard so many things did remaine to bee handled and that the Prelates could not bee induced to speake briefly nor to agree in their discourses which things were necessary for a sudden dispatch and without them it was impossible to conclude but in a long time To suspend it without consent of the Princes seemed dangerous and scandalous in regard of the aduice sent by the Legates that the Ambassadours de Ferriers and Fiue Churches had said that if the Councell were suspended they would not depart from Trent nor suffer the Prelates their adherents to goe before they had commission from their Princes To haue commission from them did require much time because they would vndoubtedly know one anothers minde before they would answere Therefore they knew not what to resolue in this matter but to solicite the Legates to dispatch the points which remained to bee handled The comming of Loraine did trouble them more being aduised from diuers places that besides the businesse of the election of the Pope hee meant to propose many nouities about the collation of Bishoprickes pluralitie of Benefices and which was of no lesse importance the Communion of the Cup marriage of Priests and Masse in the vulgar tongue And presupposing hee would not begin his iourney before hee had answere from the Abbat of Mante sent by the King and himselfe they gaue counsell to recall the Cardinall of Ferrara and to offer the legation of that Kingdome to Loraine which they The Cardinal of Loraine had a desire to be Patriarch in France did thinke might stoppe him because he so much desired to command that Clergie that hee had formerly plotted to make himselfe Patriarch in France but if he came that more Prelates ought to be sent to the Councel and some Cardinals also to counterpoise him And the Cardinals of Bordisiera and Nauagero were named But this resolution was not then taken because they feared that Loraine would disdaine and take occasion to doe worse and because it was not so well knowen whether these were able to make so great an opposition as also because they were willing to know the opinion first of those who were in Trent for feare of giuing them distast They considered the charge which would increase which was not fit to bee indured without great vtilitie Therefore they resolued to write to the Legates not to suffer any the least discourse concerning the election of the Pope which if they could not resist yet they should not giue any permission but rather returne to Rome lest they should preiudice the Colledge of Cardinals and Italie But in Trent the Deputies for composing the Anathematismes and doctrine hauing considered the opinions of the Diuines made a draught and put into it that Bishops are superiours iure Diuino For the Arch-bishop of Zara and the Bishop of Conimbria chiefe of the Deputies were of that opinion But the Legates did not permit it saying that nothing ought to bee put into it which was not contained in the Articles notwithstanding that it should bee thought on if the Fathers did desire it in the Congregations The Spaniards therefore did immediatly resolue to desire it and the Legates vnderstanding so much gaue order to their Prelates who were wont to contradict that if this matter were proposed they should bee silent and not dispute that they might not giue the Spaniards occasion to replie by which meanes the Congregations might be drawen in length and inconueniences arise which happened in the matter of residence but if the instance were prosecuted by Granata or others the Cardinall Varmiense should interrupt them answering that it was not a poynt to bee handled in
and maketh a speach with the Ambassadours Lansac and de Ferrieres He presented the Kings letters directed to the Councell and then made a long discourse to shew his inclination to serue the Apostolique Sea promising to communicate all his designes to the Pope and to them the Legates and not to desire any thing but to the good satisfaction of his Holinesse Hee said hee would not bee curious in vnprofitable questions adding that the two controuersies of the institution of Bishops and of residence which were spoken of euery where had diminished the authority of the Councell and taken away the good opinion the world held of it For his owne part he professed hee was more inclined to the opinion which doeth affirme them de iure diuino yet though it were certainely true hee saw no necessitie or opportunitie to proceede to the declaration thereof that the end of the Councell ought to bee to reunite those to the Church who were separated that himselfe had beene at a parley with the Protestants and had not found them so different but that they may bee reduced if the abuses were taken away and that no time is more fit to win them then this because it is certaine they were neuer so vnited to the Emperour as now that many of them and in particular the Duke of Wittemberg was willing to assist in Councell but it was necessary to giue him satisfaction by a beginning of reformation in which the seruice of GOD did require that their Excellencies should imploy their labour hee shewed the desire of the King that fit remedies might bee applied to the necessities of his people seeing that as he had warre now with the Hugonotes so if the abuses were not prouided against hee should haue more to doe with the Catholiques whose obedience will bee quite lost that these were the causes why his Maiestie had sent him to the Councell Hee complained that of all the money which the Pope promised to lend the King he could receiue but fiue and twentie thousand crownes disbursed by the Cardinall of Ferrara in regard of the limitations put in the Mandats because they could not be exacted but vpon certaine conditions to take away the Pragmatikes of all the Parliaments of the kingdome a thing of so great difficultie that there was no hope euer to receiue one pennie In the end hee said hee had brought new instructions to the Ambassadours and therefore when hee had spoken to the Synode in the Kings name in the first congregation he would afterwards only deliuer his suffrage as an Arch-Bishop not medling with the affaires of the kingdome but leauing the care thereof to them The Legats answered without consultation as euery one thought good The answere of the Legats commending his pietie and deuotion towards the Apostolike Sea and offering to impart all their affaires vnto him They shewed what patience they vsed in suffering the libertie or rather the licence of Prelats in their speeches who went vp and downe and mooued new questions but now his excellencie being ioyned with them they doubted not but by his aduice and assistance they might be able to represse this great boldnesse and compose the differences risen and proceede heereafter in so comely a manner that the world might receiue edification which before had conceiued a bad opinion that the euill will of the Protestants was too much knowne who when they shew themselues not auerse from concord then it is to bee doubted that they inuent new occasions of greater difference that it is certaine that they haue demanded a Councell because they thought it would bee denied them and at the same time when they required it they indeauoured by all meanes to hinder it as now those who are assembled in Francfort laboure that it may not proceede and vse meanes to the Emperour to interpose some impediment that they hate the very name of the Councell as much as of the Pope neither haue they formerly made any other vse of it then to couer and excuse their apostacie from the Apostolike Sea that there was no hope of their conuersion and therefore meanes only was to bee vsed to preserue the good Catholikes in the true faith They commended the pietie and good intention of the king and shewed the desire of the Pope for reformation and what hee had done to reforme the court not regarding the diminution of his owne reuenues and that hee had alwaies written to the Councell that they would labour in the same businesse whereunto themselues the Legates were much inclined and disposed but were hindred by the contentions of the Prelates which consumed almost all the time that if in France there bee danger to loose the obedience of the Catholikes it is a matter to bee treated of with his Holinesse Concerning the loane of money they saide the paternall charitie of the Pope towards the King and Kingdome was so great that they might bee assured that the conditions were put in for pure necessitie And after diuers complements they concluded that on Munday hee should bee receiued in the generall congregation to declare to the Fathers the occasion of his comming and to reade vnto them the Kings letters The Legates were troubled with these wordes of the Cardinall that hee would not meddle with the affaires of the Kingdome but leaue them to the Ambassadours which were not conformeable to those which Lansac and de Ferrieres had vttered a little before saying they were glad of the Cardinals comming because they should be eased of all paines all being as they said to depend vpon his Honourable Lordship They concluded that they were to take heede of those dissimulations and the rather because Cardinall Simoneta had receiued certaine aduice from Milan that the French Abbots lodged in Saint Ambrose said they would ioyne with the Spaniards Dutch-men and Vltramontanes and treat of matters which would not please the Court. Besides the French-men were heard to say in all their discourses that time was not to bee lost in questions but the reformation to bee spoken of that they ought to begin with taking away pluralitie of Benefices and that the Cardinall would bee the first to leaue them to giue example that dispensations are to bee giuen gratis that the Annates preuentions and small dates ought to be remooued and onely one prouision made for a Benefice amplifying also the matter that the Pope had a most excellent occasion to gaine immortall glory by making the foresaid prouision to satisfie Christian people and to vnite and appease them by prouiding against these abuses and inconueniences and that in recompense they would pay vnto his Holinesse an halfe Tenth that they were come thither resolute not to depart before they had attempted to make all these prouisions how long soeuer they taryed there that in case they saw they could not preuaile they would make no clamour but returne quietly into France and make the same prouisions at home The Legats also had
fit to dissemble it Hee sent into France fourtie thousand Crownes the residue of the hundred thousand which hee promised And hee caused Sebastianus Gualterus Bishop of Viterbo and Ludouicus Antinori to goe to Trent who hauing bin in France had some acquaintance with some of those Prelats and had made themselues knowne to the Cardinall vnder colour to honour him And hee wrote to this Cardinall and to Lansac letters full of complement and confidence Yet they thought that these men were sent to discouer the Cardinals intention and to obserue his proceedings and the rather because they had receiued aduice from Rome that the Bishop had exhorted the Pope not to be so much afraid in regard the Cardinall also would finde difficulties and impediments more then he beleeued hee should and said that himselfe would make more to arise The 22. of Nouember the Cardinall resolued to enter into the Congregation the day following and it was agreed that the Kings letters should be read and himselfe make a speach But Loraine proposed also that the Ambassadour de Ferrieres should make another To this the Legates did not consent because if this had beene once permitted both hee and all other Ambassadours would still bee desirous to speake and propose with danger of making greater confusion but concealing this cause they said that neither in this Councell nor vnder Paul or Iulius it was euer permitted to Ambassadours to speake in Congregation but onely when they were first receiued and that without the Popes consent they could not yeelde to such a nouitie But Loraine answered that the Kings letter and the instruction beeing new it might bee called a new Ambassage and that the first entrance After many answeres and replies Loraine hauing giuen his word that they should not desire to speake any more the Legates to giue him satisfaction and that hee might not haue cause of open distast were contented Therefore the next day the Congregation beeing assembled the Kings letter was read with this inscription To the most holy and most reuerend Fathers assembled in Trent to celebrate the sacred Councell In which hee said that it hauing pleased God to call him to the Kingdome it hath pleased him also to afflict him with many warres but hath so opened his eies that howsoeuer hee be yong hee knoweth that the principall cause of the euils is The French Kings leters the diuersitie of religion By meanes of which diuine illumination in the beginning of his Kingdome hee made instance for the celebration of the Councel in which they were then assembled knowing that in them the ancient Fathers haue found the most proper remedies to the like infirmities and that he was grieued that being the first to procure so good a worke hee had not beene able to send his Prelates with the first the causes whereof beeing notorious hee thought hee was sufficiently excused and the rather because the Cardinall of Loraine was now arriued accompanied with other Prelats That two principall causes hath mooued him to send that Cardinall the first his owne great and frequent instance to haue leaue to satisfie his duty in regard of the place he holdeth in the Church the second because being of his Priuie Councell and exercised from his youth in the most important affaires of the Kingdome he knoweth the necessity thereof better then any other and whence the occasions doe arise so that he will be able to make a relation vnto them conformable to the charge which is giuen him and demand in his name the remedies which are expected from their wisdome and fatherly affection as well for the tranquillity of the Kingdome as for the generall good of all Christendome Hee beseeched them to proceede herein with their wonted sincerity that they may come to an holy reformation and that the ancient lustre of the Catholique Church may appeare in the vnion of all Christendome in one religion which will bee a worke worthy of them desired by the whole world recompenced by God and commended by all Princes In conclusion for the particulars hee referred himselfe to the Cardinall praying them to beleeue him in whatsoeuer heâ— should say vnto them on his part After this the Cardinall spake In the begining hee shewed the miseries The speech of the Cardinall of â—oraine of the Kingdome deplored the warres the demolitions of Churches occisions of religious persons conculcation of the Sacrament burning of the libraries images and reliques of Saints ouerthrowing of the monuments of Kings Princes and Bishops and expulsion of the true Pastours And passing to ciuill matters hee shewed the contempt of the Kings Maiestie vsurpation of his rents violation of the lawes and seditions raised amongst the people He attributed the cause of all this to the corruption of manners to the ruine of Ecclesiasticall discipline and negligence in repressing heresie and in vsing remedies instituted by God Turning to the Ambass of Princes he told them that that which they doe now behold at leasure in France they shall find at home when it will be too late to repent if France tumbling downe with its owne weight shall fall vpon places neere vnto it He spake of the vertue and good disposition of the King the counsels of the Queene and King of Nauarre and of the other Princes but said the principall matter was expected from the Synode whence the peace of God which passeth all vnderstanding ought to come That the most Christian King being assured hereof in regard of his obseruance towards that Synod and of his sorrow for the differences of religion did demand two things of them The first that they would auoyd new discords new and vnprofitable questions and cause a suspension of Armes amongst all Princes and States that scandall may not bee giuen to the Protestants and occasion to beleeue that the Synode doth more labour to incite Princes to warre and to make confederations and leagues then to keepe the vnity of peace That King Henry hath first established it and then Francis continued it and that the present King vnder age and his mother haue alwayes desired it which how soeuer it hath vnhappily succeeded yet they might feare that the accidents of the warre would bee more vnfortunate For all the states of the Kingdome beeing in danger of shipwracke one cannot helpe another Hee therefore desireth that some account may bee held of those who are gone astray from the Church pardoning them as much as may be done without offending God and holding them for friends as much as is possible euen as farre as vnto the Altars The second request common to the King with the Emperour and other Kings and Princes was that a reformation of maners and of Ecclesiasticall discipline should bee handled seriously wherein the King did admonish and coniure them by CHRIST our LORD who will come to iudgement that if they meant to restore the authoritie of the Church and retaine the Kingdome of France they would not balance the incommodities
of the Church hauing absolute power to restraine and amplifie that which is giuen as seemeth good vnto him Then hee wrote that in the particular of Residence it being a cleere case that the Pope hath power to dispense they should by all good caution of words reserue his authoritie in the Decree in which the words de iure Diuino could by no meanes bee put as Catharinus had well prooued from whose opinion beeing Catholique they ought not to depart For holding the Session hee wrote confusedly that it should not bee deferred aboue fifteene dayes nor celebrated before the matter were in order that the enuious might not take occasion to calumniate A solemne Ambassage from the Duke of Bauaria passed by Trent to goe The Duke of Bauaria sondeth Ambassadours to Rome to Rome to obtaine of the Pope the communion of the Cup. They had audience with the Legate and secret conference with the Cardinall of Loraine This wakened the controuersie in that matter which was asleepe and the Spaniards and many Italians howsoeuer the matter was referred to the Pope by the maior part sayd it would bee a preiudice to the Councell if while that lasted that vse should bee permitted And all the Fathers were in a hurly burly because letters came from Rome to diuers Prelates that the Councell should be suspended which report was confirmed by Don Iohn Manriques who passed by Trent from Germany to Rome But the Legats hauing receiued the Popes letters thought it impossible to execute the orders he had sent and that it was necessary to giue him a more particular account of the occurrences then could be done by writing and make him vnderstand that the Councell cannot bee gouerned as at Rome they thinke it can that they might receiue a more plaine instruction from his Holinesse what they should doe And it being necessary to send a man of iudgement well informed and of credite with the Pope they found none better then the Bishop of Ventimiglia whom they resolued to dispatch with speed The Holy-daies The Legates send the B. of Ventimiglia to the Pope of Christmasse approaching gaue them fit occasion first to proceed slowly and afterwards to intermit the congregations and so to haue leasure to make that dispatch which was done the sixe and twentieth of December The eight and twentieth newes came to Trent of the battell in France which hapned the seuenteenth of the moneth in which the Prince of Conde The battell other troubles in France was taken prisoner That Kingdome was very turbulent all that yeere for the differences of religion which gaue a beginning first vnto a gentle and afterwards vnto a furious warre For the Hugonots encreasing in Paris to the great discontent of the Catholiques who are many in the Citie and adhering to the Prince of Conde the Constable with his sonnes and the house of Guise with some others to hinder the greatnesse vnto which that Prince did aspire made a league and desseigned to make themselues leaders of the people of Paris and to chase by their meanes from that Citie and the Court the Prince and his followers Each of them departing from his house to goe towards Paris and in the iourney slaying and dispersing the Hugonots whom they found assembled in diuers places they entred into Paris and hauing drawen the King of Nauarre to their side and caused the city to arme in their fauour the Queene was constrained to ioyne with them Heereupon the Prince going out of Paris and retiring with his adherents to Orlience manifests and writings passed on both sides each protesting they did nothing but for the libertie and seruice of the King But the Constable and Guise waxing euery day stronger in Aprill the Prince wrote to all the reformed Churches of France demanding souldiers and money and declaring warre against the defenders of the Catholike partie calling them perturbers of the publike quiet and violaters of the Kings Edict published in fauour of the Reformatists The Princes letters were accompanied with others of the ministers of Orleans and of some other cities which caused those of that Religion to arme And there fell out an accident which did incite them more For at the same time the Edict of Ianuary whereof wee haue already made mention was published againe in Paris with an addition that neither in the suburbs of the Citie nor within the space of a league any assembly of Religion should bee held or Sacraments administred but after the old Rite And in the end of May the King of Nauar made all the Reformatists goe out of Paris but proceeded with such moderation that none of them were offended Warre brake forth in all the Prouinces of France betweene these parties and that summer there were at the least â—â—urteene formall Armies all at one time in diuers parts of the Kingdome The sonnes fought against their fathers brothers against brothers and euen women tooke Armes on both sides for defence of their religion There was almost no part in Dolphinie Languedoc and Gascoigne which was not vexed oftentimes the Catholiques remaining conquerours in some places and the Reformatists in others with such variety of accidents that it would bee redious to repeat them and besides our purpose which requireth that nothing should bee related by vs but concerning Trent except those which haue a connexion with the Councel as the things following haue Where the Hugonots ouercame the images were beaten downe the altars destroyed the Churches spoiled and the ornaments of gold and siluer melted to make money for souldiers pay where the Catholiques were conquerors they burned the Bibles in the vulger tongue rebaptized children and remaried those who had beene maried according to the new ceremonies And the condition of the Clergie on both sides was most miserable who whensoeuer they were taken were cruelly murthered without all humanity In Iulie the Parlament of Paris made a Decree that it should bee lawfull to slay all the Hugonots which by publike order was read euery Sunday in euery Parish Afterwards they added another declaring them rebels publike enemies themselues infamous and all their posterity and the goods of those who tooke Armes in Orliens confiscated A bloody decree made by the Parliament of Paris except Conde vpon pretence that they held him by force And howsoeuer there were many treaties betweene the parties and a verball conference also betweene the Queene Mother and the Prince yet such was the ambition of the Grandies that it was impossible to find out any meanes of composition But the King of Nauar being dead who perhaps would not haue suffered them to proceed to an open warre the Queene resoluing to regaine obedience The Low Countries doe â—â—itate France with armes demanded aide of all the Princes And because the people of the Low Countreys did learne by this example to bee more contumacious and obstinate the Kings authority diminished euery day and could not be repaired by the Gouernours And the
vnto him in blood would adhere to that partie and the rather because it was diuulged that by his letters of the eight of Iune hee had giuen commission to the Count of Luna to hold intelligence with the Emperour and the King of France in matters of reformation and libertie of the Councel In these dayes Friar Felicianus Ninguarda Proctor of the Archbishop of Salzburg presented the letters of that Prince and made instance that the Proctors of the Bishops of Germanie might giue voice in Congregations affirming that if it were granted other Bishops of Germanie would send Proctors if otherwise both himselfe and others would depart because they would not bee idle It was answered that consideration should bee had of it and a resolution taken according to right And they gaue an acount hereof to Rome and would not resolue so much as this small particular without aduice from thence But in regard of greater businesses in both places there was no more speach of it The ninth of February the first Congregation of Diuines was held to dispute of Matrimonie Salmeron spake in a very lofty stile and concerning the first Article deliuered the vsuall sayings of the Schoolemen For the second hee alleadged the determination of the Councell of Florence that Matrimony receiueth perfection only by the consent of the contractors neither hath the Father or any other any authority ouer it He defended that they ought to bee condemned for heretiques who attribute power to the father to make it void that the authoritie of the Church was very greate concerning the matter of Sacraments that it can alter whatsoeuer is not of the essence that the condition of publique and secret beeing accidentall the Church had power therein Hee shewed the great inconueniences of secret mariages and innumerable adulteries which follow and concluded that it was expedient to vse a remedie by making them voide He insisted much vpon this inextricable case if after matrimony contracted and consummated in secret one doth contract in publique with another from which being desirous to depart and returne to the first lawfull wife is forced by censures to remaine in the publique contract the poore man is intangled on both sides either in perpetuall adultery or in censures with scandall of his neighbour The next day the Deane of Paris followed who spake copiously out of schoole doctrine of the institution of marriage of the grace which is receiued in it and of condemning him that doth affirme it to bee an humane inuention But vpon the article of clandestine matrimonie hauing disputed that they were true mariages and sacraments he put a doubt whether the Church hath power to make them void He contradicted the opinion that there is authority in the Church ouer the matter of Sacraments hee discoursed that the Church cannot make any Sacrament which is now lawfull to be of no force for hereafter hee exemplified in the consecration of the Eucharist and went through all the Sacraments Hee said the Ecclesiasticall power was not such as to bee able to hinder all sinnes that the Christian Church hath beene 1500. yeeres subiect to that which is now described to bee intolerable and which is of no lesse importance secret mariages haue beene accounted good euen from the beginning of the world and no man hath euer thought to make a nullity in them howsoeuer a publique contract hath often followed them that it seemeth to bee insoluble though it hath inconueniences on both sides that the mariage of Adam and Eue a patterne for all other was without witnesses The opinion of the Doctor was not disesteemed but the Italian Prelats were well pleased that hauing once named the Pope hee gaue him this Epithite with the exposition following Gouernour and moderator of the Roman Church that is of the Vniuersall And this did minister much discourse For the Papalins concluded that it might likewise be said in the Canon of the institution that the Pope hath power to gouerne the Vniuersall Church But the French men answered that there was great difference betweene saying absolutely the Church Vniuersall by which is vnderstood the Vniuersality of the faithfull and saying the Roman Church that is the Vniuersall where the word Roman doth declare the word Vniuersall inferring that hee is Head of the Vniuersall and that all places in which authority is giuen to the Pope ouer all the Church are vnderstood disiunctiuely not coniunctiuely that is ouer euery part of the Church not ouer all together The eleuenth of February the French-men presented in Congregation a letter from their King of the eighteenth of Ianuary in which hee said that howsoeuer hee was assured that the Cardinall of Loraine had imparted to the Synode the happy victory against the enemies of religion whose boldnesse hee hath and doth daylie oppose without respect of difficulty or danger euen exposing his owne life as becommeth the eldest and most Christian sonne of the Church yet himselfe was willing to make them partakers of the same ioy also knowing that the wholesome remedies for the euills Letters from the French K. are presented in Congregation which doe afflict Christian Prouinces haue alwaies beene expected from Councels He desired of them in the name of CHRIST an emendation and reformation answerable to the expectation the world hath conceiued of them and that as himselfe and so many besides haue consecrated life and blood to God in those warres so they in respect of their charge would And de Ferrieres maketh a speach with sinceritie of conscience be carefull of the businesse for which they are assembled The letters being read the Ambassadour de Ferrieres spake to the Fathers in this substance That they hauing vnderstood by the Kings letters and before by the orations of the Cardinall of Loraine and Bishop of Mentz the desolation of France and some victories of the King he would not relate them againe but onely say that the last in regard of the forces of the enemie was miraculous whereof this is an argument that being ouercome yet hee doth liue and committeth spoiles running through the very bowels of France But hee said hee would turne his speech to them onely who are the onely refuge of the miseries without whom France will not bee able to preserue the tables of shipwracke Hee exemplified in the armie of Israel which had not beene able to ouercome Amalec if the hands of Moyses lifted vp to God vnderpropped by Aaron and Vr had not assisted the combartants that the King of France doth not want forces a valiant Captaine the Duke of Guise the Queene Mother to mannage the affaires of warre and peace that there is no other Aaron and Vr but themselues to hold vp the hands of the most Christian King with Decrees of the Synode without which the enemies will neuer bee reconciled nor the Catholiques preserued in the faith that the humour of Christians now is not the same as it was fiftie yeeres since that all Catholiques are
the reformation would be caused thereby to excuse the Pope that he could not personally assist in Councell and to pray him to hasten the end of it proposing the translation to Bolonia where his Maiestie and the Pope might meete which would bee a good meanes for him to receiue the Crowne of the Empire in so famous an assembly a fauour which neuer had beene done to other Emperours He had charge also to pray him to maintaine the authoritie of the Apostolike Sea against all the plots made to diminish it or rather to bring it to nothing and that the reformation of the Court of Rome might not be made in Trent but by the Pope himselfe that no mention might bee made of renewing the things determined vnder Paul and Iulius in the same Councell that his Maiestie would bee content that the Decrees should bee made in Councell by the proposition of the Legates onely first imparting them and hauing the consent of the Ambassadours of his Maiestie and of other Princes He had commission also to giue the Emperour hope of a particular grant of whatsoeuer hee would demand for his people and to disswade him from holding intelligence with the French King in this matter of the Councell shewing him that as the State of France and Germanie was not the same so the ends of his Maiestie and of that King must needes be diuers and their counsels different The Legates remayning in Trent did willingly giue the Prelates leaue to depart and especially those who held the institution of Bishops and residence to bee de iure diuino The 20. of Aprill Loraine returned and was met by the Ambassadours of the Emperour of Polonia and of Sauoy and the same day newes came of the peace concluded by the French King with the Hugonots which was more for the aduantage of the Catholique party For after the battell before mentioned the factions were equally balanced vntill the death of Guise Afterwards Colignie tooke by assault the fort of Cadome with so much reputation to himselfe and diminution of the Catholiques that it was resolued in the Kings Councell to conclude the treaty of peace which was continually managed euer since the battell To this end the seuenth of March an assembly was made to which the prisoners Conde and the Constable were brought And after some speech they being released vpon promise to conclude the 〈◊〉 conditions the Hugonote Ministers assembled and resolued not to consent to any agreement except the Edict of Ianuary might bee obserued without any exception or condition adding also that hereafter their religion should not bee called new that children baptized by them should not bee rebaptized that their marriages should bee esteemed lawfull and their children legitimate From which conditions because they would by no meanes depart Conde and the Nobility weary of warre without calling the Ministers any more did make the agreement And the capitulations concerning religion were these That where the Noblemen of the Hugonots haue high iustice they may liue in their houses in liberty of conscience and exercise of the reformed religion with their families and subiects The conditious of the accord in Frace That other Gentlemen who hold in fee not dwelling vnder other Catholique Lords of high iustice but immediatly vnder the King may exercise the same in their houses for themselues and their families onely That in euery Bayliweeke an house shall bee appointed in the Suburbs in which the reformed religion may be exercised by all of that iurisdiction That euery one may liue in his owne house without being enquired into or molested for his conscience That in all Cities where that religion hath beene exercised vntill the seuenth of March it shall bee continued in one or two places of that citie so that the Catholike Churches be not taken for that vse which also shall be restored to the Ecclesiastiques in case they haue beene surprised by them yet so as that they shall not pretend any thing for demolitions made That in the Citie and Precincts of Paris there shall bee no exercise of that religion but those who haue houses or reuenues there may returne and enioy them without being molested for matters either past or to come concerning their consciences That all shall repossesse their goods honors and offices notwithstanding the sentences to the contrary and executions of them since the death of Henrie the second vntill now That the Prince of Conde and all his followers shall be said to haue a good end and intention for the seruice of the King That all prisoners of warre or iustice for matter of religion shall freely be set at libertie That an obliuion of things past shall be published and iniuring and prouoking one another as also disputing and contending about religion shall be forbid and that they shall liue as brothers friends and fellow Citizens This accord was established the twelfth of March to the discontentment of Colignie who sayd their affaires were not in state to make such aduantagious conditions That it was proposed vnto him in the beginning of the warre to make peace with the Edict of Ianuary and now that they might require more aduantage the conditions were worse To say that in euery Bayliweeke there shall be one place for the exercise of religion is to take away all from GOD and to giue him a portion But the common inclination of all the Nobility did force him to be content Concerning these conditions the Kings letters were dispatched the nineteenth of the same moneth◠in which it was sayd That it hauing pleased God to permit for some yeeres the kingdome to be afflicted with seditions and tumults raised for matter of religion for which cause armes were taken with infinite slaughters sacking of cities ruines of Churches and now by continuance of the euill hauing experience that warre is not the proper remedie for this maladie the King hath thought fit to reunite his Subiects in good peace trusting that time and the fruit of an holy free generall or Nationall Councell will establish the same And heere the Articles concerning religion were added besides the others in matters of State which letters were published and registred in Court of Parliament and publikely proclaimed in Paris the seuen and twentieth of the same moneth This was blamed by the greater part of the Fathers in Councell who said it was to preferre the things of the world before the things of GOD yea to ruine both the one and the other For the foundation of a state which is religion being remoued it is necessarie that the temporall should come to desolation whereof the Edict made before was an example which did not cause peace and tranquillitie as was hoped but a greater warre then before And some of the Prelats did dare to say that the King and the whole Counsell had incurred the excommunications of many Decretals and Bulls for hauing giuen peace to the heretikes and that there was no hope that the affaires of
of heresie and others said it was much to bee suspected at the least and others that it was offensiue to godly eares They said hee had taken occasion to doe it in absence of the Cardinall of Loraine who would neuer haue endured those termes and that his end was to dissolue the Councell that hee did attribute to Kings more then belongeth to them that hee inferred that the Popes authority is not necessary for the vsing of Church goods that hee made the French King like to the Queene of England But nothing did so much offend as that hee said that the authority of the French Kings ouer persons and goods Ecclesiasticall was not founded vpon the Pragmatique Concordates and priuiledges giuen by Popes but vpon the law of Nature holy Scripture ancient Councels and lawes of the Christian Emperours The French Ambassadours were reprehended also because they did not follow the steps of the Emperours and Spanish Ambassadors who though they had the same interests made not such a commotion because they knew there was no reason for it De Ferrieres defended himselfe said that the Legates had promised the Cardinall of Loraine that this matter should not bee spoken of but with such moderation as that it should not touch the affaires of France which was not performed that the Kings instruction had beene imparted to the Cardinall who if he had beene present would not onely haue consented to but counselled Protestation that those were great Ignorantes who hauing seene nothing but the Decretals Lawes of foure hundred yeeres did thinke that there were 〈◊〉 Ecclesiasticall lawes before them that if any would reforme the King by the Decretals he would reforme them by the Decrees and lead them also to more ancient times not onely of Saint Austine but of the Apostles also that he did not make the French King as the Queene of England but did oppose them who haue begunne long since to enlarge their owne authority by di 〈…〉 ing the Kings that if those Articles did so much damnifie the Emperour and Catholique King as they doe France they would neuer haue beene proposed and therefore he was not to take example by those who haue not equall interests The Arch-bishop of Sant and the Abbat of Claraual were distasted most of all who went vp and downe saying that the Ambassadours had done ill to protest and that their end was to make a confusion and giue occasion for a Nationall Councel in France that they were men not well affected creatures of the King of Nauarre sent by him to the Councel for his owne deseignes had protested without the Kings commission that it was fit to make them shew their instructions to frame an Inquisition against them as not hauing a good opinion in matter of faith Where in great differences did arise between the Ambassadours and them The next day the Ambassadors gaue the King an account of the causes why they had deferred the protestation vntill then and how they were forced at that time to come vnto it adding that they would deferre the registring of it in the acts of the Councell vntill his Maiesty had seene it and commanded them what they should doe The Legats not hauing a copie of the Oration made a collection of it by the memory of those who had beeene most attentiue to send it to the Pope of which de Ferrieres hauing gotten a copie complained that many things were expressed against his intention and in particular where hee named Ecclesiasticall lawes it was repeated spirituall lawes and that Kings might take Church goods at their pleasure whereas hee had sayd onely for necessary cause By this he was forced to giue foorth his Oration and sent a copie of it to Rome to the Cardinall of Loraine excusing himselfe for not hauing vsed words of such acrimony as he was commanded in the last instructions and in the first which are reconfirmed in those adding also that he thought it necessary to obey the King and was not willing to vndergoe the reprehensions of the Counsellors of Parliament who would haue taxed him if in a Generall Councell matters of so great importance had beene determined against that which hath beene by them so exactly maintained besides the Kings authority which hee defended hauing beene vpheld foure hundred yeeres by the Kingdome of France against the war in opposition of it made by the Court of Rome it was not iust that the Fathers of the Councell the greater part of whom are Courtiers should be Iudges of the ancient differences which the kingdome hath with that Court He gaue a copie of the oration to the Ambassadors also and to as many as did desire it and some saide that he had pronounced it otherwise then it was written Whereunto hee replyed that that could not bee said by any that had any meane vnderstanding of the Latine and that howsoeuer it was the same pronounced and written yet if they thought otherwise they must remember that the stile of the Synod was neuer to iudge of things as they were deliuered in voyce but as they were exhibited in writing and therefore they should moue no controuersie herein or if they would himselfe was to bee beleeued before any other The oration being published it was answered in the name of the Synod And answered by a namelesse man Hee said that the French Ambassadours had reason to compare themselues to the Ambassadours of the Iewes because they had both made an vniust complaint against GOD and that the same answere might be giuen them which the Prophet gaue to that people in the name of GOD that if they had fasted and lamented so many yeeres or ate and drunke all was for their owne interests that the Kings of France were cause of all the abuses of that Kingdome by naming to Bishoprickes vnlearned persons ignorant in Ecclesiasticall discipline and more inclined to a lasciuious then to a religious life that the French-men would not haue a resolution in the controuersies of faith that Christian doctrine might allwayes be vncertaine and place might be giuen to new masters who might rub the itching eares of that vnquiet Nation that they spared not to say in those turbulent times that it belonged to the King though very yong as yet to dispose of all the gouerment of the Church that they had sayd with asseueration that beneficed men had onely the vse of the reuenues whereas in France time out of mind they haue carried themselues for Vsufructuaries making Testaments and receiuing inheritances from their kinsfolke who die intestate that to say the poore are owners of the reuenues was much contrary to another saying in the same oration that the King is Patron of all Ecclesiastical goods and might dispose of them at his pleasure that it was a great absurdity to say that the King might not bee reprehended by a generall Councell seeing that Dauid was reprehended by the Prophet Nathan and tooke it in good part that it did
vncapable of all dignity and the Raptor whether hee many the woman or not shall bee bound to giue her a dowry at the pleasure of the Iudge 7. It doth ordaine that vagabonds shall not marry without a diligent inquisition first made and licence of the Ordinary exhorting the secular Magistrates to punish them seuerely 8. It doth ordaine against Concubinaries that being admonished thrice by the Ordinary in case they seperate not themselues they shall be excommunicated and perseuering one yeere after the censure the Ordinarie shall proceed seuerely against them and the Concubines after three admonitions shall be punished and if the Bishop shall thinke fit chased also out of the Territorie by assistance of the secular power 9. It commandeth euery temporall Lord and Magistrate vpon paine of excommunication not to compell their subiects or any others to marry directly or indirectly 10. It doth restraine the ancient prohibitions of nuptiall solemnities from Aduent to the Epiphany and from Ash wednesday to the Octaues of Easter The Decrees of reformation not as they were read in Session but as they were corrected the next day in Congregation which was appoynted The Decrees of Reformation to be don did containe 1. That publike prayers shall be made though the Church be vacant that whosoeuer haue right in the promotion shall be admonished that it is a mortall sinne if they shall not vse all diligence to promote the most worthy and profitable for the Church borne of lawfull matrimony worthy in regard of their life age doctrine and of other qualities required by the holy Canons Decrees of this Councel That in euery prouinciall Synod a forme of examination shall be prescribed by approbation of the Pope fit for euery place the examinatiō made according to that prescript shall be sent to the Pope to be discussed by the Cardinals proposed in Consistorie and all other things required by the Synod for age life doctrine other qualities in the promotion of BB. shal be required in the creation of Cardinals though but Deacons which the Pope if he can conueniently shall take out of all Nations and those that are fit And it was added that the Synod being grieued to see such great incommodities of the Church cannot choose but call to mind how necessary it is that the Pope in regard of his duty should endeauour to assume Cardinals of excellent worth and to prouide the Church of fit Pastours because if the flocke should perish by their negligence CHRIST will demand an acount of his Holinesse 2. That the prouinciall Councel shall be called by the Metropolitane or the most ancient Suffragane within one yeere at the most after the end of this Synode and afterwards euery two yeeres at the least That Bishops shall not bee forced heereafter to goe to the Metropolitane Church That those who haue not an Arch-bishop shall elect one in the prouinciall Synod in which hee ought to assist and receiue the constitutions thereof their exemptions and priuiledges otherwise remaining firme And the Diocesan Synods shall bee celebrated euery yeere in which the exempted except those who are subiect to general Chapters shall assist Which generall Chapters hauing secular Churches annexed in regard of them shall assist also 3. Bishops shall bee bound to visite the Diocesse euery yeere either in person or by visitors and all of it if they can or if it be large in two yeeres at the least Metropolitans shall not visite the Diocesse of the Suffragans but for a cause approoued in the prouinciall Councel The Arch deacons and other inferiours shall visite in person and shall take a Notary by consent of the Bishop The Visitor shall goe with a modest traine of men and horses dispatching the visitation as soone as may bee and shall not receiue any thing but frugall and moderate diet which may be giuen either in kind or money yet so as that if there bee a custome in any place not to receiue so much as these it shall be obserued also That Patrons shall not meddle with that which concerneth the administration of Sacraments or the visitation of the ornaments of the Church immoueable goods or rents of houses except it do belong vnto them by right of the foundation 4. That Bishops shall be bound to preach in person or hauing a lawful impediment by others And in case the Parish Priest be hindred that hee cannot preach in his owne Church hee shall at his charge maintaine another to doe it deputed by the Bishops And he shall preach euery Sunday and solemne feast and in Aduent and Lent euery day or thrice a weeke at the least That the Bishop shall admonish euery one to go to his owne Parish to heare the sermon That none shall preach against the Bishops will whose cure shall be that Christian doctrine be taught in euery Parish 5. That criminall causes against Bishops that be of great weight shall bee iudged by the Pope and if there shall be occasion to commit them to any out of the Court they shall be committed onely to the Metropolitan or to Bishops elected by the Pope and to take information onely reseruing the definitiue to the Pope but small matters shall bee iudged in the Prouinciall Councell or by Iudges deputed by them 6. That the Bishops shall dispense in the Court of Conscience with all their subiects in all their irregularities and suspensions for secret offences except voluntary murther and absolue from all cases reserued to the Apostolike Sea either by himselfe or his Vicar as also from the excesse of heresie by himselfe but not by a Vicar 7. That the Bishop shall haue care that the force and vse of the Sacraments shall be expounded to the people in the vulgar tongue before they bee administred according to the forme of a Catecechisme which the Synod will compose which the Bishop shall cause to be faithfully translated into the vulgar and to be expounded to the people by the Parish Priests 8. That to publike offenders publike Penance shall be giuen but the Bishop shall haue power to change it into a secret In euery Cathedrall Church a Penitentiarie Master Doctor or Licentiate in Theologie or Canon of the age of fourtie yeeres shall bee appointed by the Bishop 9. That the Decrees of the Councell vnder Paul the third and Pius the fourth concerning visitation of benefices exempted shall be obserued in the Churches which are not of any Diocesse which shall bee visited by the next Bishop as Delegate of the Apostolike Sea 10. That where visitation or correction of maners is in question no exemption or appeale though to the Apostolike Sea shall hinder or suspend the execution of that which is decreed or adiudged 11. That for titles of honour which are giuen to Protonotaries Count Palatines Kings Chaplaines or seruants in war Monasteries Hospitals those persons shall not be exempt from the authoritie of Bishops except they shall reside in the houses or vnder their obedience and
occasion For as hee would continue in the vnion and obedience of the Church so hee would preserue inuiolable the rights of his crowne without suffering them to be questioned or disputed or himselfe forced to shew them That they should not thinke to satisfie him with saying in the ende Sauing and reseruing the rights c. because vnder this colour they would binde him to shew a reason in euery opposition That if hee had seene the Articles as they were proposed hee would haue iudged that the Ambassadour could not haue done otherwise then make the opposition which his desire was they should first haue shewed to him but said they were to bee excused in regard of the occasion suddenly arising and of the circumstances which did produce it and of the suspitions which made them doubt of some Artifice to precipitate the decision And if the Pope had no intention as hee the Cardinall giueth him to vnderstand that the rights of the Emperour and Kings should bee touched and disputed his Holinesse must turne his anger vpon the Legats who proposed the Articles and named Kings Emperour Republikes and not vpon the Ambassadors That hee thinketh the protestation may be iustified before all Christendome when the Articles shal be seene That the Legats hauing proposed those Articles against the intention of his Holinesse he ought not to referre himselfe to their discretion hereafter nor to cause his Ambassadors to returne vntill he had ful assurance that those Articles should not be spoken of any more which being done he will command them to goe againe to the Councell Concerning the citation and sentence the King gaue order to Henry Clutia The French King taketh part with the Queene of Nauarre Lord d'Oysel to tell the Pope that his Maiestie had vnderstood to his great displeasure that which he did not beleeue by the fame which was spread vntill he had seene a copie of the monitories affixed in Rome that the Queene was so proceeded against as that hee was bound to defend her First in regard the cause and danger was common to all Kings who therefore were obliged to protect her and the rather because she was a widow and his obligation was the greater in respect of the neere kinred hee hath with her by both lines and by agnation with her husband who died but a little before in the warre against the Protestants leauing his sonnes Pupils Therefore hee could not abandon her cause following the examples of his ancesters and the rather because hee ought not to indure that any should make warre against his neighbours vnder colour of religon adding that it was not pious to put the Kingdomes of Spaine and France lately ioyned in friendship in danger of a bloody warre for this cause He said moreouer that the Queene hauing many Fees in France shee could not by the rights and priuiledges of that Kingdom be compelled to appeare either in person or by Proctor adding many examples of Princes and Popes who haue proceeded with due and lawfull moderation Hee touched the forme of the citation by Edict a thing not heard of in former times inuented by Boniface the eighth and as too hard and vniust moderated by Clement the fifth in the Councell of Vienna He said that such citations could by no meanes take place but against the inhabitants to whom the accesse is not secure and that the Queene remayning in France a great iniurie was done to him and the Kingdome by vsing that forme as also was done by exposing to prey and granting to the Vsurpers the Fees she holdeth in France the right whereof belongeth to him And euery one marueiled hee said that his Holinesse who did fauour so affectionately the cause of King Antonie while he liued in being his mediator with the King of Spaine would now oppresse his children and widow But he complained most of all that so many Kings Princes and cities hauing departed from the Church of Rome with in fourtie yeeres hee had not so proceeded with any other which shewed well that he did it not for the good of her soule but for other ends Hee wished his Hol. to consider that power was giuen to Popes for saluation of soules not to depriue Princes of their States nor to order any thing in earthly possessions which hauing beene formerly attempted by them in Germanie did much trouble the publike quiet Hee intreated the Pope to reuoke all his Actes against the Queene protesting that in case hee would not hee would proceede to those remedies which his predecessours haue vsed Hee complained also of the cause of the Bishops and commanded his Ambassador And with the Bishops that declaring vnto him the ancient examples the liberties and immunities of the French Church and the authoritie of the Kings in causes Ecclesiasticall he should pray the Pope not to make any innouation Monsieur d' Oisel performed this office with great vehemencie and after many treaties with the Pope obtained of him to speake no more either of the Queene or of the Bishops But in Trent the Session being ended and matters well agreed on betweene the Legates and Loraine and the businesse imparted to the principall Papalins Otranto Taranto and Parmaâ— as also to the Emperours Ambassadours The Card of Loraine publisheth y e desseigne to finish y e Councell Loraine began to publish their deseigne that the Councel might bee finished with one Session more Hee sayd hee could not bee in Trent at Christmas that himselfe and all the French Bishops must depart before that time that hee desired to see the Councel ended and was loath to leaue so honourable an assembly but that hee could not otherwise doe beeing commanded by the King The Imperialists also did publish in the Councell that the Emperour did desire the dispatch and that the King of the Romanes did write that his desire was it should bee finished by Saint Andrewes day or at the longest in the beginning of the next moneth by all meanes And indeede that King not to please the Pope but because it was his opinion did sollicite the conclusion For beeing to hold a Diet hee was not willing his Father should haue Ambassadours in the Councell and said that if that were shut vp the affaires of Religion in Germanie would bee in farre better case The greater part of the Fathers were glad to heare this and Morone making a Congregation in his house the fifteenth of Nouember of the Legates two Cardinals and fiue and twenty Bishops the principall of euery Nation hee proposed that the Councell hauing beene assembled for the necessities of Germanie and France and now the Emperour King of the Romanes Cardinall of Loraine and all Princes desiring that it should bee finished they would speake their opinion concerning the concluding of it and the manner Loraine sayd it was necessary to finish it not to hold Christendom in suspence any longer to shew the Catholikes what they ought to beleeue and to take away the
gaue to those which were built before In like manner euery one payed them tithes due either by law or custome as in the old Testament is commanded Wherein euery one was the more forward because Clergie-men in those times contented themselues with necessaries onely and bestowed the remainder either to repaire their Churches or to adorne them or in workes of charitie and pietie Now the Bishops of Rome pride and ambition hauing not as yet possessed their harts were acknowledged by all Christians to bee superiours of all Churches in all Spirituall gouernment as successours vnto the Apostle Saint Peter because that Citie by reason of the dignitie and greatnesse thereof retained the name and maiestie of the Empire as head of all the rest and because Christian Religion was thence diffused into the greater part of Europe and because Constantine hauing beene baptized by Siluester did willingly acknowledge that such authority belonged to him and his successors Besides there is a fame that Constantine beeing constrained to translate the seate of the Empire to Bizantium now called by his name Constantinople by occasion of some accidents hapning in the Westerne Prouinces gaue to the Popes the Lordships of Rome and of many other Cities and Prouinces in Italie This fame though cherished by succeeding Popes and beleeued by many by reason of their authoritie and credit is not onely disproued by more probable authors but euen by the very things themselues For it is most manifest that Rome as also all Italy obeyed the Emperours and their Magistrates both then and many yeeres after Some wil not beleeue any thing at all that hath been spoken concerning Constantine and Siluester such is the obscurity of things done so long agoe affirming that they liued not at the same time yet no man denieth that the translation of the Empire was the first cause of the Popes authoritie For the people of Rome withdrew their obedience from the Emperours by occasion of their absence and of the difficulties which they found in the East and did the rather performe willingly some certaine obsequiousnesse to the Bishops of Rome though indeed no absolute subiection These things appeared but slowly because of the inundations of the Gothes and Vandals and other barbarous nations into Italy by which Rome hauing beene often sacked the Popes in respect of temporall matters were obscure and meane and in Italy the Emperours had very small authoritie hauing left it as a pray to the Barbarians Of these nations the rest being past away like a torrent the Gothes who were Christians both by name and by profession and had their 〈◊〉 from some parts of Dacia and of Tartaria continued their power there seuentie yeeres together When these were driuen out of Italie by the Emperours the Countrey began againe to bee gouerned by Greeke magistrates the chiefe of which called by a Greeke word Exarke kept his residence at Rauenna a Citie very ancient and then very rich and much inhabited by reason of the fertility of the Countrey This Citie beeing much augmented by the great armada which Augustus Caesar and other Emperours continually maintained in the Port neere adioyning which now is vanished was inhabited by many Captaines and after a good while together by Theodorick King of the Gothes and by his successors who made choyce of it for the seate of their Kingdome because that Sea was neerer to the Emperours of Constantinople whose power they suspected The Exarks seated themselues in the same place because of the opportunity thereof though vpon a contrary ground and deputed particular magistrates whom they called Dukes to gouerne Rome and other Cities of Italie Hence the Exarchate of Rauenna tooke the name vnder which was conteined whatsoeuer was not gouerned by particular Dukes In those times the BB. of Rome had no temporall power at all and hauing lost their former Spirituall reuerence because their liues began to be more corrupt they were subiects to the Emperours without whose confirmation or of their Exarks they durst not accept the Papacie though they were solemnly chosen by the Clergie and people of Rome Nay because the principall seate of Religion followeth the power of the Empire and of armies the Bishops of Constantinople and Rauenna did often iustle with them for superioritie But the State of those Countreys was changed not long after For the Lombards a fierce Nation entred into Italie possessed that part which was called Gallia â—isalpina and now Lombardia from their name as also Rauenna and the whole Exarchat and aduanced their forces as farre as the Marquisate of Ancona Spoletum and Beneuentum in which two last places they created particular Dukes The Emperours made no prouision against these things partly by reason of their negligence and partly because they were hindered by the affaires of Asia so that Rome hauing no assistance from them and the Exarks beeing driuen out of Italie began to gouerne her selfe by the aduice and authoritie of her Bishops These together with the Romans beeing a good while after oppressed by the Lombards did finally implore the ayde of Pipin King of France who passing into Italie with a great armie chased the Lombards from a part of their Dominion which they had enioyed more then two hundred yeeres This part being become his by right of warre hee gaue to the Bishop and Church of Rome that is to say Vrbino Fano Agobbo and much land neere Rome Rauenna and the whole Exarchat vnder which is comprehended all from the confines of Placentia which are contiguons to the territory of Pauia vnto Arimini betweene the riuer of Po the Apennine mountaine the lake of the Venetians and the Adriatique Sea as also from Arimini to the riuer of Toglia now called Isauro The Popes beeing molested by the Lombards after Pipins death Charles his sonne iustly surnamed the Great for the great victories he atchieued vtterly rooted them out and confirmed his father's donation to the Church and while hee made warre with the Lombards hee gaue to the Bishop of Rome the Marquisat of Ancona and the Dukedome of Spoleto which comprehendeth the Citie of Aquila and a part of Abrazzi These things are reported for certaine and some Ecclesiasticall writers adde that Charles gaue to the Church Liguria vnto the riuer Varus which is the vtmost border of Italie Mantua and whatsoeuer the Lombards possessed in F 〈…〉 li and Histria Another writer sayth as much of Corsica and of the whole territorie betweene the Citie of Luni and Parma For these merits the Kings of France haue been magnified by the Popes and haue obtained the name of Most Christian Kings Afterwards in the yeere 800. after CHRIST Pope Leo and the people of Rome by the Popes authoritie onely as head of that people made this Charles Emperour of Rome separating this part of the Empire from those Emperours which had their seat at Constantinople because Rome and the Westerne Prouinces beeing abandoned by them could not well subsist without a Prince of their
Rome 386 Persecuteth the Protestants 387 Her Ambassadours come to Rome 391 Shee dieth 411 Marquis of Brandenburg sendeth Ambassadours to the Councell 342 Masse is discussed 542 they dispute to prooue it to be a sacrifice 544 545 c. a Portugall Diuine saith it can be prooued by tradition only 546. the doctrine of it 573 the abuses of it 574 Mattheo Langi Archbishop of Salzburg did not dislike the assertions of Luther but scorneth that the world should bee reformed by a Monke 55 Maxime in Councell about the maior part of voyces 576 Maximilian the sonne of Ferdinand passeth by Trent 360 promiseth the Protestants there to labor with his Vncle the Emperour that the Councell may be free 361 is thought to be a Protestant 426 which hee doeth not deny to the Popes nephew 429 is crowned King of Bohemia and elected King of the Romans 641 refuseth to promise obedience to the Pope 723 Merits whether they goe before grace or follow 198 N. NAples doth mutin because of the Inquisition brought in and is cherished by the Pope 271 Nations whether they ought to haue voyces in Councell or particular persons 137 508 Nationall Councell is prepared in France 314 425. Number of the Prelates in the Councell of Trent 317 462 the number of those who subscribed the Decrees of the Synod 813 Nunnes which are called Penitenti or Conuertite haue beene Courtesans 808 O. OAth prescribed to be taken by those who are to be admitted to Bishoprickes Abbacies Benefices c. 732. 733 Octauius Farnese cōducteth the Italian troops into Germany against the Protestants 203 receiueth a French Garison into Parma 311 Oration made in the Councell by the Bishop of Bitonto 132 another made by the French Ambassadour Guido Faber 508 Displeaseth the Fathers 509 And is answered 511 An Oration made by the Bauarian Ambassadour 527 An Oration made in Councell for the Count of Luna 709 Displeaseth all the Ambassadours 710 Oration made by the French Ambassadour de Ferrieres against the reformation of Princes 771 772 773 Is answered 775 Which causeth him to make an Apologie 775 Order is held to be a Sacrament and is discussed 586 Seauen orders and all Sacraments 587 How the holy Ghost is giuen in ordination 592 593 What ceremonies be necessary in conferring orders 593 The number of orders and their seuerall functions 734 The Decree concerning them 738 And the Anathematismes 739 Ordination to the title of the Patrimonie is discoursed on by the Author 490 Diuers opinions concerning it 491 Orientall Christians 572 P. PAlatine of Rhene speaketh brauely in the Diet. 14 Embraceth the reformed religion 148 398 Parishes how they came to be diuided 498 Parma and Placentia are giuen by Pope Paul the 3. to his bastard sonne 121 Whereat the Cardinals doe murmure 128 Parma is restored to Duke Octauius by Pope Iulius the 3. 311 Pasquins made in Rome against the Councell 148. Patriarke of Armenia cōmeth to the Pope 382 Paul the 3. created Pope 71 His chiefest vertue was dissimulation 71 Hee perswadeth the Cardinals to reforme themselues 72 Laboureth to gaine Milan for his family 104 Recalleth his forces out of Germanie and is iealous of the Emperour by reason of his victory 222 Recalleth the whole businesse of Reformation to himselfe of which the Legats durst not make vse 254 He dieth 298 Paul the 4. receiueth the English Ambassadours 391 Commandeth the restitution of the Church goods in England and the Peter pence 392 Is proud and cholericke 394 Createth Cardinals contrary to his oath 396 Pretendeth to make peace betweene the Emperour and French King but intendeth nothing but warre 401 Proceedeth against the Colonnesi 402 Threatneth the Emperour and his sonne and prouideth for warre 403 Imprisoneth many great persons ibid. Createth 10. Cardinals more 404 Persecuteth his owne family and instituteth a new gouernement in Rome 408 He dieth for which the Romans reioyce and shew they did detest him 416 Peace concluded betweene the Pope and Emperour 46. is renewed 64 a peace between the Emp. French K. 109 Peace made betweene the French King and the Hugonots displeaseth the Pope 693 695. The conditions of it 696. Peace is concluded betweene the Emperour and the Protestants 378 a peace of religion is established in the Diet of Ausburg 394 the peace of Cambray betweene the Kings of France and Spaine 412 Penance and the Decree thereof 346 347 c. The censure of the Decree 357 358 Petrus Aloisius the Popes sonne Duke of Placentia was murdered in his owne Palace 273 Philip King of Spaine is in great perill at Sea in his iourney into Spaine 417 He persecuteth the Protestants at his arriuall ibid. is angry with the Pope for countenancing the King of Nauarre 443 and with the French King for making peace with the Húgonots 701 Picards in Bohemia 3 Pius the fourth is created Pope 418 hastneth the Generall Councell in Trent for feare of a nationall in France 425 426 but doeth secretly crosse it 427 433 maketh leuies of souldiers 551 Plotteth to make a maior part in Councell 580 which the Papalins themselues said he did too openly 585 is afraid to be accused of simonie 628 complaineth that hee is suspected to hold the councell in seruitude 595 giueth rewards to those that fauour him in councell 660 resolueth to ioyne with the King of Spaine and to neglect the Emperour and French King 685 falleth very sicke which causeth the Fathers to anticipate the Session and precipitate the Councell 802 803 c. Reserueth power to the Pope onely to interprete the Decrees of the Councell 817 818 Placentia is seised by the gouernour of Milan the Duke being slaine 273 and the restitution is demanded by the Pope 287 Pluralitie of Benefices how it beganne and the progresse of it 250 251 c. A dispute by what law it is forbid 253 Polonian Ambassadour maketh fiue demaunds in Rome all distastfull to the Pope 399 Polonian Ambassadors come to Trent and depart presently 460 463 Polonian Ambassador is receiued 617 Polygamie how it was permitted 671 Popes authority was reserued in Councell by saying Sauing in all things the Popes authoritie but it is not suffered so to passe 260 Popes lawes are more strictly obserued then the lawes of God 488 Laynez saith the Pope is about the Councell 613 Pope dying in time of the Councell whether the successor ought to be created in Rome by the Cardinals or in Trent by Nations 627 The French opinion concerning the Popes authoritie 641 661 How farre hee may dispence 675 The Emperour is of opinion that the Councell is aboue the Pope 683 But Pius the fourth goeth about to prooue the contrary by many quotations which her sendeth to the Emperour 684 Which are examined by the Cardinall of Loraine and the other French Prelates 687 The Popes authoritie is much extolled by Laynez 721 To the great distast of the Frenchmen 722 The point concerning the Popes authoritie is deferred for feare of prolonging the Councell
Emperours cunning who assayed to incite the Pope against him he coused the Lutheranes to be really proceeded against and commanded that a forme to discouer and accuse them should bee instituted in Paris proposing punishments to the councealors of them and rewards to the delators Afterwards hauing full notice what Caesar had written to the Pope he wrote also He writeth also to the Pope against the Emperour vnto him a long apologie for himselfe and an inuectiue against the Emperour vpbraiding him with the surprise and sacke of Rome and with the derision added to the losse by making processions in Spaine for the Popes deliuery whom himselfe kept prisoner Hee discoursed of all the offences betweene himselfe and the Emperour and laid all the blame on him Hee concluded that it could not bee ascribed to him that the Councel of Trent was hindered or foreslowed because hee gained nothing by it and that this was farre from the examples of his ancestors by whose imitation hee vsed all endeauours to preserue religion as the edicts and executions made in France did very well demonstrate Therefore hee prayed his Holinesse not to beleeue the calumnies and to assure himselfe that hee should finde him ready to assist him in all occasions either of his owne or of the Church of Rome The Pope not to preiudice the office of a common Father whereof his predecessours did euer make ostentation sent Legats to both the Princes to mediate a pacification Cardinall 〈◊〉 to the Emperour and 〈◊〉 to The Pope as deth 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 or paci 〈…〉 the French King to pray them to forget priuate iniuries for the publique cause and to bee reconciled that their discords may not hinder the peace of religion To Cardinall Contarini who immediatly dyed he substituted Cardinall Cardinal Contarini dieth Viseus whereat the Court 〈…〉 led because hee was not gracious with the Emperour to whom he was sent And though the warre waxed hote in so many places yet the Pope thinking that the wronged his reputation The Pope sendeth 3. Legats to Trent 154 〈…〉 if he went not on with the Councell the 26 of August this yeere 1542. sent his Legats to Trent to the Synode which he had intimated Peter Paule Parisius Iohn Morone and Reginald 〈◊〉 the first as a learned and practised Canonist the second as a man fit for negotiation the third to shew that howsoeuer the King of England was alienated from the subiection of Rome yet the kingdome had a great part in the Councel To these he dispatched the mandat of the Legation commanding them to goe thither and to entertaine the Prelates and Ambassadours who came vnto them without making any publike act before they had receiued instructions which hee meant to send them in time conuenient The Emperour also vnderstanding the deputation of the Legats though The Emperor sendeth Ambassadours and Prelats to Trent and so doth the Pope but the Councell doth not begin as the case did then stand he hoped for no good yet that the Pope might do nothing to his preiudice he sent thither for his Ambassadours Don Diego his resident in Venice and Nicholas Granuel together with his Sonne Anthony Bishop of Arras and somefew Bishops of the kingdome of Naples The Pope besides his Legats sent thither some Bishops whom he esteemed most faithfull with order not to make too much hast in their iourney As well the Popes men as the Emperours arriued at the time appointed These presented to the Legats the Emperours mandat and desired that the Councel should be opened and the businesse begun The Legats make delay and said that it would be a dishonour to the Councell to begin it with so small a number especially where Articles of so great importance were to be handled as were those which the Lutherans did question The Imperialists replied that the matter of reformation might well bee handled which was more necessarie and not subiect to so many difficulties The others alleaged that it must bee applyed to the vse of diuers Nations so that the assistance of all was more necessarie therein In fine they passed to protestations to which the Legates not answering but referring the answere to the Pope no conclusion at all was made Granuell is sent to the 〈◊〉 in Noremberg and Don Dieg remaineth in Trent The end of that yeere approching the Emperor gaue order to Granuell to go to the Diet which was to be held in Noremberg in the beginning of the next and to Don Diego to remaine in Trent and to labour that the Councel should begin or at the least that those that were assembled should not depart that in the Diet he might make vse of that shadow of the Councell In Noremberg Granuel proposed the warre against the Turkes and that the Emperor might bee assisted against the French King The Protestants replied demanding that 1543 PAVL 3. C 〈…〉 HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. the differences of Religion might be composed and the oppressions which the ludges of the Chamber vsed against them vnder other pretences though indeed for that cause might be taken away Granuel answered that it neither could nor ought to be done in that place and time because a Councell was assembled in Trent to that end But the excuse was in vaine because the Protestants The Protestants refuse to go to Trent and D. Diego returneth to Venice approued not the Councell and sayd plainely that they would not be there The Diet ended without conclusion and Don Diego returned to his Ambassage at Venice though the Legats intreated that to giue reputation to the businesse he would entertaine himselfe there vntill they receiued answer from the Pope The Emperours Ambassadour being gone the Bishops of the Empire followed The Legats being left alone were recalled and all the others hauing leaue to depart vnder diuers colours at the last the Legats after they had beene there seauen moneths without doing anything were recalled by the Pope And this was the end of that Congregation The Emperor being parted from Spaine by sea to go into Germany by the way of Italy the Pope resolued to speake with him some where and desired it should be in Bolonia And to this end he sent Peter Aloisius his sonne to Genua to inuite him But because his Maiestie would not goe out of his way not loose time in his voyage he sent the Cardinall Farnese to meet him and pray him to goe by the way of Parma where the Pope might expect him But after there being difficultie how the Emperour might enter into that Citie the twenty one of Iune 1543. they met in Busseto a Castle belonging to the Palauicini scituate vpon the riuer Tarus betweene Parma and Piacenza 1543 The Pope and Emperour meete in Busseto The ends of them both suffered not that the businesse of the Councell and of Religion should be the principall treatie betweene them But the Emperour being wholly bent against the French King
which compasse the will of him that is to prouide hath a large field In the third Article there was some difficulty about the visitation of Arch-bishops These alleadged the Canons and ancient customes that the Suffragans did sweare obedience to the Metropolitans and were wholly subiect to their visitation correction and gouernement and would not consent that their authoritie should be preiudiced and amongst these the Patriarke of Venice was exceeding warme On the contrary the Bishops especially those of the Kingdome of Naples laboured to mainetaine the custome by which they differ not in authority but in name onely But the number of the Bishops being great and of the Arch-bishops small and the Legates and Papalins fauouring those that these might not by granting authoritie and reputation by their subiection exempt themselues more from subiection to the Court they would obtaine nothing but one word onely of satisfaction that is that they were not forbid to visit when there was cause approoued by the Prouinciall Councell Whereof the Arch-bishops did complaine and say it was iust nothing For there beeing one Arch-bishop in the Prouinciall Councel and many Bishops it is certaine that the cause would neuer bee approoued The sixt Article was concerning the exemption of Chapters of Cathedrals from Episcopall authoritie in which the Spanish Bishops and in contemplation of them the Count of Luna hauing great interest many restrictions ampliations were made but not such as did content the Prelats howsoeuer they were often changed and in the end deferred vntill another Session as shall be said The thirteenth Article concerning Pensions spake generally that no Benefice should be burthened with greater Pensions then of the third part of the fruits or of their value conformeable to that which was vsed when the Pensions began This seem 〈◊〉 conuenient to the Cardinall of Loraine because there are some very rich benefices which could not be said to be burthened if they should pay two thirds and others so poore that they cannot beare any pension at all And therefore he said that this was not a iust distribution and that it was better to prohibite that Bishopriques of a thousand crownes and benefices of an hundred should be burthened and concerning the others to say nothing This opinion preuailed to the great content of the Legates and Papalins for the absolute power which was left to the Pope in good Benefices Those who demaunded a moderation of the pensions of reseruations of fruits formerly imposed of accesses and regresses made many and long discourses But the difficultie compelled euery one to bury all in silence for the confusion and disorders which were foreseene would ensue For all would haue excused themselnes that they would not resigne their Benefices without those conditions and those especially who had payd composition to the Chamber for the obtaining of such graces would haue complained that the graces should bee taken from them and the money not restored the restitution wereof was a thing impossible Finally euery one thought it enough to prouide for the future without thinking of that which is past The fourteenth Article which did detest and forbid all payment of part of the fruits for the collation prouision or possession did much please the French men They saide the payment of Annats was taken away by those words And indeed he that doth consider and examine them cannot giue them any other sence howsoeuer the euent hath shewed that they haue not been so vnderstood in Rome In the seuenteenth in which pluralitie of Benefices is forbid and dualtie granted when one is not sufficient some desired an addition that they should not be distant aboue a dayes iourney that the incumbent might make part of his residence in each of them But they could not obtaine it neither did they much labour foreseeing that that addition as also the whole Article would not bee executed but against those of the poorer sort onely The eighteenth howsoeuer it did please in that it did restore in effect the prouision of Benefices with cure to Bishops yet the French-men did oppose against the forme of the examination because it did seeme to binde the Bishops hands to strait Their reason was that by that concourse too open and to publike a way was giuen to ambition that antiquitie made profession to giue benefices to him that refused them whereas by this new manner they would not only procure them but professe themselues to be worthy of them In the nineteenth the Bishop of Conimbria spake at large against the Expectatiues or Aduowsons because they did make the incumbents death to bee desired and sometimes procured And for mentall Reseruations hee sayd they were fraudes and neere thefts and that it was better to leaue to the Pope the whole collation of all Benefices then to vse such vnworthy Artifices as was to giue vertue to a secret thought not published and to leaue a suspicion that it was not a reseruation in the minde but an inuention after the fact But Simoneta crossed his discourse saying that it was good to reprehend abuses for which no prouision was determined that it might be procured but seeing a common disposition to the remedie and the Decree composed alreadie it was sufficient to establish it by consenting without multiplying words of reprehension ambitiously when there was no neede The eleuenth of September the French Ambassadours receiued letters from the King of the eight and twentieth of August in which hee signified that hee had receiued the Articles imparted to them by the Legates and did see that matters were farre from the hope hee conceiued because to establish these was to pare the Kings nayles and to make those of the Ecclesiastiques The French King writeth to Trent concerning the Reformation of Princes longer Which because hee would not endure hee commanded to represent to the Fathers with wisedome dexteritie and courage that as euery Prince so long as the Councell doth proceed aright is bound to fauour it with all heate of zeale so to couer the sore which causeth the present euils and to make a greater with the preiudice of Kings is farre from that which was expected That he saw how lightly they passed ouer the reformation of the Clergy who onely haue giuen the scandals to those that haue separated themselues from the Romish Church and how they assume authoritie to take away the rights and prerogatiues of Kings to breake their Constitutions and Customes prescribed by time out of minde to anathematize and excommunicate Kings and Princes all tending to sowe disobedience sedition and rebellion of subiects against their Soueraignes whereas it is manifest to the whole world that the power of the Fathers and of the Councel extendeth onely to the reformation of the Clergie without touching matters of State or of Secular power and iurisdiction which is wholly distinct from the Ecclesiasticall and that alwayes when the Fathers and Councels haue presumed to handle such things Kings and Princes haue
made resistance whence many seditions and warres to the great damage of Christendome haue proceeded That they should exhort them to bee carefull in that which belonged to their charge and was necessarie for the present occasions and to leaue those attempts which hauing neuer done good heretofore would produce a worse effect in those times The King added that if the Fathers would not retire vpon these perswasions they the Ambassadours should make a strong opposition which being done without expecting their iudgement or referring themselues to their discretion they should depart and goe to Venice letting the French Prelats know that they ought to continue in Councel and indeuour to doe God seruice being assured that in case any thing shall be treated against the rights prerogatiues and priuiledges of the King and French Church they will not faile to absent themselues as his Maiestie would haue them doe He wrote also to the Cardinal of Loraine in the same manner as he gaue order should be told the other Prelates that is that hee should not approue any thing with his presence that should be handled in Councel against the Kings rights but should absent himselfe if he shall see that the Fathers do sally without the limits of their charge referring him for the residue to the instructions sent to the Ambassadours The Ambassadours hauing receiued these letters and consulted of all with the Cardinall of Loraine by his aduice did impart them to the Legats and caused a voyce thereof to passe in the Councel that the Bishops hearing of it might desist from demanding the reformation of Princes and themselues might not haue occasion to oppose and protest But this brought foorth a contrarie effect For the Bishops who were quiet in regard of the expectation that when the Session was ended the reformation of Princes should be proposed vnderstanding this newes and perceiuing that the ayme was to passe it ouer in silence began to treat among themselues not to proceed any further in the actes of the councell if that also which concerneth Princes were not giuen forth and put in consultation together with the other articles And they proceeded so farre herein that a hundred of them gaue A combination of an hundred Prelates concerning the Reformation of Princes their word one to another to bee constant in this resolution and hauing drawen a writing to this purpose which was subscribed by all they went to the Legats requiring that the articles of the Reformation of Princes might be proposed and giuen to the Fathers declaring as it were by way of protestation that they would not proceed nor conclude any thing in the others but together with these The Legates gaue good words purposing and hoping to diuert the humor And in this trouble the Count of Luna appeared againe and demanded as he had done before a reuocation of the Decree propenentibus Legatis that euery Prelate might propose what he thought worthy of reformation and demanded also that the sixt Article might bee amended to please the Spanish Prelates taking quite away the exemptions of the Chapters of the Canons of Cathedrall Churches and subiecting them to the Bishop And there being in Trenta Proctor of those Chapters who laboured to the contrary he commanded him to speake no more in it Things standing in these termes the Legates thought to hold the Session with the matter of matrimony onely But it was opposed that the difficulties of Clandestine marriage were not well digested as yet and that the Ambassadours would suspect that if the Session were held and the reformation not spoken of all hope was lost that it would euer bee handled And it being euident that no part of the reformation could bee in order at the time determined for the Session they proposed in the generall Congregation of the fifteenth of the moneth to prolong it vntill the eleuenth of Nouember and so it was resolued The cause of this long delay was that the Pope seeing the difficulties to finish the Councell arising partly by the controuersies of the Prelates and partly by the oppositions of the Spanish Ambassadour put all hope of ouercomming them in the Cardinall of Loraine Whereupon The Popes confidence is onely in the Cardinal of Loraine hee wrote to the Legates that in case the Session could not bee held at the time appointed it should be deferred for two moneths And this hee did that the Cardinall might haue time to come vnto him that hee might treat with him of that which was impossible to doe by letters or messengers and that by this meanes euery preuious disposition for the conclusion of the Councell might bee prepared Vntill that time the Pope had no other determination then to finish the Synode but hee firmely resolued then that if that The Pope is resolued by all meanes to be freed from the Councel could not be done there being a necessitie to rid himselfe of it hee would by all meanes dissolue it Hee sent the Legates facultie to make a suspension or a translation as they thought best by aduice of the Fathers and wrote vnto them that hee would by all meanes be freed from it by an end of it if it were possible which hee did much desire but if it could not be they should vse one of those two remedies and therefore that they should endeuour to make some occasion arise that they might bee requested to doe it that hee might not seeme to bee the author as also that they should sollicite the iourney of Loraine who parted the next day after the resolution was made to prolong the Session All the distastes of France for matter of the Councel were ceased in the Pope though he receiued continuall troubles from that kingdome He was much vexed with the dayly instance made vnto him that he would not consent to the alienation of 100000. crownes of Ecclesiasticall goods and by the The Cardinal of Loraine goeth to Rome continuall detraction which he vnderstood the Hugonots vsed against him and the Apostolique Sea And particularly hee was grieued at the Cardinall Chastillion who as hath beene sayd layd aside the clericall habite and called himselfe Count of Beauvois and vnderstanding that the Pope in Consistory had depriued him of the Cap the last of May hee resumed the habite of a The Cardinal Chastillion mocketh the Pope Cardinall and was married in it and in a great solemnitie in Roan the thirteenth of August when the King was declared in Parliament to bee of age he appeared in the solemnitie in the same habite in presence of all the French Nobilitie which was generally thought to bee a great contempt of the Papal dignitie Wherewith the Pope beeing mooued hee made his depriuation And is depriued by him to bee printed at this time and many copies to bee dispersed in France The Popes Nuncio resident in France came to Rome a few dayes before the arriuall of the Cardinall of Loraine who was dispatched by the Queene