poysoned and his cardinals about him After this Pope succéeded next Pius 3. P. Pius 3. Pope casteth away Peters keyes about the yere 1503. After whom came next Iulius 2. a man more abhominable then all his felowes who on a time when he wēt to warre cast the keies of S. Peter into Tibris saying that for as much as the keyes of Saint Peter woulde not serue him to his purpose he would take to himselfe the sworde of S. Paul Of this Pope Iulius it is certainly reported that partlie with his warres and partlie with his cursinges within the space of seuen yéeres 200000. Christians slaine by the Popes meanes as good as 200000. Christians were destroyed first he besieged Rauenna against the Venetians then Seruia Imola Fauentia Foroliuinum Bononia and other cities which he gat out of princes handes not without great bloudshed This Iulius tooke an oth when he was made Pope as Iohn Sleidan maketh mention that he would haue a coūcell within two yéeres which because he did not performe nine of his Cardinals departed from him and came to Millan and there appointed a councell at Poyse A councell at Poyse among whom the chiefe were Bernardinus Crucenis Guilielmus Prenestinus Franciscus Constantinus with diuerse others among them also were the procurators of the Emperour Maximilian and of Lodouike the French king So the Councell was appointed anno 1511. to begin in the kalēds of September They called this councel to accuse the Pope for certain crimes and to depose him whereof Iulius hearing giuetn out contrary commandemēt vnder great paine no man to obey them and calleth himself another councel against the next yéere to bee begun the 19. day of Aprill The French king vnderstanding Pope Iulius to ioyne with the Venetians and so to take their part against him conuented a Councell at Thurim in the moneth of Septēber In which Councell these questions were propounded 1 Whether it were lawfull for the Pope to moue warre against any Prince without a cause Questions against the P. 2. Whether any prince in defending himself might inuade his aduersarie and denie his obedience To which questions it was answered both to be lawfull and that the pragmatical function Pragamatical function was to be obserued throughout all France After this the king sent vnto Iulius the answere of this Councell requiring him either to agrée to peace or to appoynt a generall Councell where this matter might bee more fullie decided Pope curseth the french K. Iulius would neither of these but forthwith accursed Ludouike the french king and after much bloudshed P. dieth and mortall warre the pope died an 1513. Februarie 21. A note touching the miserable persecution slaughter and captiuitie of the Christians vnder the Turkes THe beastly tirannie of the Turkes Persecution vnder the Turke aboue al the rest incomparablie surmounteth all the afflictions and cruell slaughters that euer were in any age or read in any historie especiallie by the space of these latter 300. yeres Whose crueltie hath béene such that there is no place almost where they vanquished that they did not either slay all the inhabitants thereof or leade away the most part into such captiuitie that they continued not long aliue or els so liued that death had béene vnto them more tollerable And as in the time of the first pesecutions of the Roman Emperours the saying was that no man could steppe with his foote in Rome but should treade vpon a Martyr so it may be said that almost there is not a Towne Citie or village in all Asia Grecia and also in a great part of Europa and Affrica whose stréetes haue not flowed with bloud of the Christians whom the cruell Turkes haue murthered Of whom are to be séene in histories heapes of Souldiers slaine of men and women cut in péeces of children sticked vpon poles and stakes whom these detestable Turkes most spitefullie and that in the sight of their parents vse to gore to death Some they drag at horse tailes famish to death some they teare in péeces tying their armes and legges to foure horses other some they make markes to shoote at vpon some they trie their swordes how déepe they can cut and flash the aged and féeble they tread vnder their horses women with childe they rip their bodies and cast the infantes into the fire or otherwise destroy them In their promises there is no trueth After the Citizens of Croya had yeelded and were promised their liues yet were they destroyed that horrible In Mosia after thee king had geuen himselfe to the Turkes hand hauing promise of life Mahumet slue him with his owne handes The Princes of Rasia had both their eyes put out with basins redde hote set before them Theodosia otherwise called Caphum hauing had promise of safetie being surrendred was likewise destroyed At the yelding of Lesbos a number of young men and children were put vpon sharpe stakes and poles At the winning of Hidruntum a Citie in Apulia the olde were troden vnder horses matrones and virgins rauished women with childe cutte and rent in péeces The Archbishop of that Citie an aged man was cut in sunder with a woodden saw c. At the taking of Nigropontus otherwise called Calcides anno 1471. the Turke contrarie to his promise most cruellie caused all the youth of Italie to be pricked vpon sharpe stakes some to bee dashed vpon harde stones and other some to be cutte in sunder in the middest and other mo with other kindes of death to be consumed In so much that all the stréetes of Chalcides did flowe with the bloud of them that were slaine At the winning of Constantinople the Turke neuer rose from dinner but he caused euery day for his disport thrée hundred Christian Captiues of the nobles of that Citie to be slain before his face So in Methone after his Captaine Omardo had sent vnto him at Constantinople 500. prisoners of the Christians he commanded them all to be cut and deuided in the middle and so being slayn to be throwen out into the fieldes Omares hauing likewise slaine all the Townesmen In Seruia the Prince of the Countrey being sent for vnder faire pretence of wordes and promises to come and speake with the Turke after he was come of his owne gentlenesse was apprehended and had his skinne fleane off and so was put to death His Brother and Sister brought to Constantinople in a triumph and all the Nobles of his Country as Faber addeth had their eyes put out and this was the manner of their cruelties towarde those they put to death Other some he carieth into miserable captiuitie for the Turke neuer cōmeth into Europe to war against the christiās but there followeth after his army a great number of brokers and merchants such as buy men and children and sell them againe bringing with them long chaines in the them againe bringing with them long chaines in the which they linke them by fiftie or
palace of Canterbury After the death of Langton fell strife betwixt the King and the Monks of Canterburie for the election of their Archbishop the Monkes choose one of their owne societie named Walter Heuesham the King preferred Richard Chauncellour of Lincolne and articulated against the other that hée was the sonne of a Felon conuicted and hanged also that hée had lyen with a Nunne and had children by her c. The matter beyng presented before the Pope and like to go hard on the Kings part the Kings proctors promised and graunted in his name The tenth of al the goods of England and Scotland to be geuen to the Pope to be giuen to the Pope the tenth part of all the goods of the Realme of England and Scotland moueable to sustaine his warres agaynst the Emperour so that hée would encline fauourably to the Kings suit whereat the Pope boyling as saith Parisiensis with vnmeasurable desire of subduing his enemy the Emperour and cherished with so great promises graunted vnto them This was doone An. 1229. These things thus finished at Rome the Pope sendeth his owne chaplain Stephen legate into England to require the tithes of all moueable goods of England Ireland and Wales which were promised vnto him Wherevpon the king called a Councell at Westminster to common of the matter where in fine notwithstāding the dislike of the most part yet for feare of curse and of interdiction the summe was gathered so that the Prelates hauing no other remedy The prelates driuen to sell there chalices and copes were driuen to sell their chalices cruets copes iewels and other Church plate and some to lay to morgage such things as they had some also to borrow vpon vsury to make the mony which was required Moreouer the said Stephen as saith Parisiensis brought with him into England for the same purpose Vsurers brought into England by the Popes Legate bankers and vsurers who lending out their monie vpon great interest did vnreasonably pinch the English people which Merchant vsurers were then called Caursini and such exactions were then vpon the poore Englishmen that not only their present goods were valued and taxed The corne growing against the next haruest tithes to pay the Pope but also the corne yet growing against the next haruest was tithed c. Onely the Earle of Chester named Radulphus stood stoutly against the pope suffering none within his dominion either lay men or clarks to yéeld any tēths to the Popes proctors Parisiensis pag. 74. This yéere 1229. was finished the New church of Couentrie by Alexander bishop of the same citie and partly by the helpe of the king which Church Richard his predecessor bishop of Couentry had begon The French men againe about this time assayled Raymundus Earle of Tholouse The Earle of Tholouse assailed againe but preuailed not the Earle hauing in the conflict taken 500. and many slaine of their seruitours to the number of two thousand were taken with their armour Yet thrise the same Summer did they assault the godly Earle and were put to flight and discomfited Parisiensis pag. 96. Richard Archb. of Canterbury beyng now confirmed in his seat came to the king complaining of Hubert lord chiefe Iustice for withholding the Castle and towne of Tumbridge from him with the appertenance thereto belōging other lands of the Earle of Clare lately deceassed which lands pertained to the right of that sea and to the Church of Canterbury for the which the said Earle his auncestors were bound to doe homage to him and his predecessors and therefore required the kéeping of the foresaid castle with the demeanes to be restored vnto him The king misliking the demand answered not to the appetite of the Archb. wherby he was so moued that he brast forth into excommunication of al such as held those possessions or tooke their part the K. onely excepted which done he prosecuteth his matter before the Pope The K. hearing thereof sendeth vp M. Roger Contelu with certain other against the Archb. The Archb. among other the articles complaineth to the Pope of certaine Bishops his suffragans who neglecting their pastoral functiō did sitte on checker matters belonging to the king and exercised sessions and iudgements of blood Bishops set on checker matters exercised sessions and iudgements The pope neglecteth the K. and satisfieth the Archb. he complained also of beneficed parsons and Clearks within orders for hauing many benefices ioyned with the cure of soules and that they also taking example of Bishops did intermeddle in secular matters and in iudgements of Lay men The Pope neglecteth the kings allegations fauoureth altogether the Archbishop and sent him away satisfied in his requests who in his returning homward within 3. daies of his setting forth died in the house of the gray Friers at Saint Gemmes Parisiensis After the death of Richard the monkes did choose Randulph Neuell Randulph Neuell Bishop of Chester and the Kings Chauncellour a man faithful vpright and constant The King approued of the election and onely the Popes confirmation was wanting Wherevpon the monks addressed thē to Rome to haue the popes liking and first requiring help for the expences of the iourney of the new Archbish hee denied the same he should séeme in any sort ambitiously to séeke after it A good bishop and holding vp his handes to heauen thus prayed O Lorde God if I shall be thought woorthy to bée called although indéed vnworthy to the seat and office of this Church so be it as thou hast disposed But if otherwise in this troublesom office of Chauncery and this my inferiour ministery whervnto I haue béene assigned I shall séeme more necessary for this thy kingdom people I refuse not my labour thy will be done The monkes notwithstanding procéeded on their iourney shewed the matter to the pope the popes holinesse inquired of the qualities of the man of Simon Langthon brother of Stephen Langthon Archbish before mentioned who did so depraue Radulph Neuell to the Pope that hée charged the monkes to procéed to a new election who agréed vpon Iohn their prior to be Metropolitane but he no other fault being found notwithstanding he had bin examined in 3. daies together of the Cardinals was repulsed for that he was too aged though he were able to take a iourney to Rome and home againe Anno 1231. the exactions of the pope were so grieuous in the land that it was deuised of some of the nobles that certaine letters vnder the pretensed colour of the kings authority should be sent abroad commanding that such corne and graine other reuenewes as were taken vp for the Pope should be staied forth cōming by a certain day in the said letters appointed These letters wer thought to procéed chiefly from Hubert L. chief iustice Hubert Lord chiefe Iustice of England who then next vnder the K ruled the most affaires of the realme This done they sent these letters by
detested the execrable simony of the Court of Rome hee made his repaire home againe to his countrie vnconfirmed declaring to the whole nobilitie of that land how the case stood Wherevpon all the Church of the Grecians hearing this at the same time departed vtterly from the Church of Rome Insomuch that the Archbish of Constantinople comming afterward to the Councel of Lions declared there openly that whereas he had before time aboue thirtie Bishoprickes and Suffraganes now he had not thrée Adding moreouer that all the Grecians and certaine other with Antioch the whole Empire of Romania euen to the gates almost of Constantinople were gone from the obediēce of the church of Rome Paris f. 112. f. 186. By occasion of which separation in the yere 1237. Germanus 1237 Germanus Archb. and Patriarke of Constantinople wrote vnto Gregorie the ninth desiring him to study séeke meanes of vnitie and that he would not refuse to méete him in the midwaye to debate of the matter that vnitie might bee recouered But the Pope refused and shortlye after sent foorth his preaching Friers to moue all Christians to take the signe of the Crosse and to fight against the Grecians The signe of the crosse to fight against the Grecians euen as it were against the Turkes and Saracens In so much that in the I le of Ciprus many good men and martyrs were slaine for the same as by letters of the said Germanus doeth appeare who wrote to the Pope and Cardinals to reforme themselues which was so taken of the Pope that shortly after he prepared to send men of war signed with the crosse to fight against the Grecians Whereupon the Archb. of Antioch with the foresaid Germanus solemnlie excommunicated the Pope The pope excommunicated Intollerable exactions of the pope The exactions of the Pope were so intollerable in the land that king Henrie the third wrote to Pope Innocent the fourth for releasement in most humble and gentle māner anno 1244. the 28. yere of the kings reigne Yet it booted not for the Pope was not ashamed to take of Dauid Prince of North-wales fiue hundred markes a yeare to set him against the King of England and exempted him from all his fealtie and obedience which he had sworne In the yeare one thousande two hundred fourtie fiue Prince of Wales set against the king of England the whole Nobility of the Realm by generall consent with the kings knowledge caused all partes of the Sea side to be layde that no Messenger with the Popes letters Bulles from Rome should be permitted to enter the realm Wherupon No messenger permitted to or fro Rome some were taken at Douer there stayed Notwithstanding when complaint thereof was brought to the king by Martinus the Popes Legate there was no remedie but the K. must néedes cause the letters to be restored againe and executed to the full effect Then the king vpon aduise caused a view to be taken through euerie Shire in Englād to what summe the whole reuenewes of the Romans and Italians amounted to which by the popes authoritie went went out of England The whole summe whereof was foūd yerely to be 60000. 60000. marks yerely to Rome markes To which summe the whole reuenewes of the crowne did not amount The Nobles then vnderstanding the miserable oppression of the Realme being assembled together at Dunstable for certaine causes sent one Fulco in the name of the whole Nobilitie vnto Martinus that he should with spéede departe the land The P. Legate departeth England except he would be cut all to péeres Which message the Legat shewed to the king and demaunded if his consent were thereto and finding small comfort tooke his leaue and departed an 1245. After this followed immediatly a generall Councell at Lions Councel at Lions to the which the estate and Lords of the Realme with consent of the Communaltie sent two billes the one containing a generall Supplication to the Pope and Councell the other with the articles of such gréeuances as they desired to haue redressed The Supplication was sent by Sir Roger Bigotte knight and William de Powick Esquire and Henrie de la Mare with other knights and Gentlemen After that it was there opened read P. Innocent first kéeping silence differred to answere thereto making hast to procéed to his detestable sentence of excommunicatiō curse Emp. Fred. cursed by the Pope against the good Emperor Fred. Which curse being done the Pope tolde them flatly they should not haue their requestes fulfilled and incontinent during the same councell he caused euery B. of England to put to his hand and seale to the obligation made by the king Iohn for the Popes tribute threatning moreouer that if hée had once brought downe the Emperour Fredericke he would bridle the insolent pride of England well enough In the beginning of the next yéere following An. 1246. Pope Innocent came to Cluniake Pope perswadeth warre against England where he perswaded the French king Lewes to make warre against the king of England whereto the French king would not agrée but shortly after concluded with him longer truce Ouer and beside all other exactions the Pope sending downe his letters from the sea Apostolike charged the prelates to find him some ten some fiue some fiftéene able men well furnished with horse and harneis for one whole yéere to fight in the Popes warres The Popes warres and least the king should haue knowledge hereof it was enioined them vnder paine of excommunication that they should reueale it to none but to kéepe it secrete onely to themselues Pope Innocent now intending to subdue the Gréeke church sent the prouinciall of the Grayfriers with other associates of the same order into England with his precepts authenticall that all goods gotten by vsury should be attached for his warre against the Gréekes Warre against the Greekes and that all those should be absolued from all their sinnes that would take on them the crosse to fight against the Grecians c. with other articles tending to the Popes profite The same yéere 1246. The Pope commaunded the Prelates of England that all beneficed men in the realme of England which were resident vpō their benefices should yéeld the third part of their goods and they which were not resident should giue the one halfe of their goods for the space of thrée yéeres together which summe beyng estéemed together was found to amount to 60000. l. 60000. pounds exacted by the Pope The executiō of this commission was cōmitted to the B. of London but as consultation was had about the matter at Paules the King sendeth straight charge that they should not consent thereto Parisiensis fol. 207. And afterward An. 1247. about February the king called a parlement and directeth Embassadours with letters and also to make manifest the grieuances of the land vnto the court of Rome The grieuāces of England whereto the Pope maketh a
almost to Rome and after that Vmbria and Picena yet for Christian and publicke tranquillitie sake hée sendeth vnto him his Legates to entreate a peace declaring that hée would if no other conceyued grudge were then pretended make to him an accompt voluntarily of all things that hée had doone in his life The Emp. offereth to giue accompt of his things to the Pope and that hée would and was contented to submit himselfe vnto the Church and that for this cause hée willingly offered vnto him both dutie and obseruancie and sent him Princes and Dukes of the Empyre to entreate for this peace yet was the popes insolencie such that hée would not that yéere be brought to any agréement but the next yéere after with much adoe Peace betwixt the Emp. and the pope a peace was made and concluded betwixt them by the helpe and industrie of Leopaldus of Austria and Hermannus Captaine of the Duitch souldiers and the President of Messana The Pope then absoluing the Emperour of his excommunication tooke therefore of him an hundred and twentie thousand ounces of golde 120000. ounces of gold to the Pope for the Emperours absolution and promised him the titles both of the empire and also of his kingdomes yet kept he not promise with him for besides other breaches he neither restored the customs in the land of Sicil neither yet the city Castellana Yet notwithstanding Frederike for peace sake bare the iniury and studied by liberall giftes to make the Pope his trustie frend But no meanes would serue so that he moued Henrie the Emperors sonne in his absence to rebell against his father The P. moueth the Emp. sonne to rebel against his father besides other conspiracies procured against the Emperor who returning into Italie to punish those that had rebelled with his sonne The P. admonished those that were faultie to ioyne themselues together and to furnish their Townes and Cities with garisons to send for ayde to their frendes and to prouide weapons méete for war And furthermore sendeth his Ambassador to the Emp. to whō vnder pretence of peace he sendeth out commandemēt to interdict him and his land so soone as he came within the borders of Italie yet the Emperour marcheth forth into Italie notwithstanding the Popes forbidding and brought vnder the cities that rebelled as Mantua The Emp. preuaileth for all the Popes curse Verona Ternisium Patauium and others ouerthrew the Popes confederates whereat the pope being somewhat dismaid began to feare the Emperor and now goeth about to depriue him which hée vnderstanding sendeth foure Legates vnto him that might answere and refute the crimes layd against him With which Embassadours the Pope refuseth to speake and at a day appointed pronounceth the sentence of proscription against the Emperour The pope pronounceth the sentence of proscription against the Emperour depriuing him of all his dignities honours titles prerogatiues kingdomes and the whole empire and and sollicited against him Tewepolus the Venetian who yet stood fast and faithfull to the Emperour Yet certaine princes of Germanie by the Popes meanes reuolted from the Emperour as Otho the Gouernour of Rhemes and Duke Boiora who also caused thrée other Princes and Dukes Reuolt from the Emperour to the Pope to reuolt from the Emperour to the Pope as Vuenceslaus and Belus Princes of che Hungarians and Henrie Duke of Polonia to whom also came Fredericus Austriacus his sonne These gathering a Councell when they had thought to haue translated the empire vnto the kings sonne of Denmarke desired to haue the Popes Legates to be sent from him to the effect of that election These newes being brought to the Emperor at Patauium hee purgeth himselfe of the crimes to the Christian Princes and denounceth a solemne Councell of all the princes and other Nobilitie of the Empire at Aegera to whom resorted diuers States The Church spoiled to maintaine the popes warres and Nobles The pope on the other side soliciting against the Emperor all that hee might so that some had tithes geuen them to fight against the Emperor other Glebe-lands and benefices other the spoyle of such Colledges and Monasteries as tooke not part with the Pope And to some other were geuen Colledges and Monasteries themselues yea there were certaine of the popes owne birdes that had their ecclesiasticall tithes taken from them and other some had the rentes and reuenewes of their Colleges pluckt away by force The Emp. preuaileth to the maintenaunce of the popes quarrell against the Emperour But the Emperour preuayled and came to Viterbium which draue the Pope into a feare least he would also come to Rome wherefore he caused a supplicatiō to be drawne pourtraying about the same the heads of Peter and Paule Euerlasting life promised to such as wold fight against the Emperor and with a sharpe and cōtumelious Oration he much defaced the Emperour promising them euerlasting life and giuing the badge of the crosse to as many as would arme themselues and fight against the Emperour as against the most wicked enemy of God and his church yet the Emperour by Gods blessing preuailed and subdued the popes confederates Now while this stir was betwixt the Emperour and the pope Ochodarius the Emperour of the Tartarians sonne with a great power inuaded the borders next adioyning vnto him there wan Ropolanum Rodolium Mūdanum with diuerse other cities townes killing man woman child and destroyed all Hungarie made great spoile in both the Pannonias Mesiarum Bulgaria Seruia When Belus the king of Hungarie had gotten to Pola a citie of Histria vnto Otho duke of Dalmatia hée sent his Legates to Fredericke the Emperour promising if that he would send him aid to expell the Tartars Hungarie should euer after bée vnder the iurisdiction of the Empire The Emperour was in respect of the common cause of Christians The pope hindereth the defence of christendome very willing to satisfie his request but the pope with his confederats hindered the same as he signified to the king of Hungarie by his letters Notwithstanding he sent Conradus Caesar king of Bohemia and other Princes more of Germanie to withstand the enemy as much as lay in them to doo But the great armie and number of souldiers that ware the crosse by the Popes assignement differed their iourney agaynst the Tartarians and had commaundement giuen them by Albertus the Popes procurator to abide at home till they should be called for in battle to fight against the Emperour and notwithstanding this spoile and hauocke of Polonia Bohemia and Hungaria by the Tartarians it was determined that at Libussa the Princes confederate should be assembled about the deposing of the Emperour and creating an other the league with him and the French king by the popes means The Emp. wasteth about Rome either was vtterly infringed or else in variable suspence Wherefore Fredericke now seing no other remedie prosecuteth his warre to
visiō to the pope and with a seuere countenaunce and terrible voice speaketh vnto him beyng in his rest and smiteth him on the side vehemently with his crossestaffe saying O thou scurffie lazie old bald lowsie wretched doting Pope hast thou purposed to cast my bones out of the Church to the slaunder and shame of mée how came this rashe wilfulnesse into thy head it were more méete for thée to make much of the zealous seruantes of God although departed Grosted striketh the Pope with other wordes of reproofe and so departed from him leauing him stroken and halfe dead so that hée neuer enioyed anie prosperous day or could haue anie quiet night til the morning vnto his death which happened shortly after hee being at Naples ann 1255. or as N. Treuet recordeth 1254. After Innocent the 4. succéeded in the Popedome Innocent dieth Alexander the 3. Alexander 3. After this about the yéere 1260. fell debate betwixt the King and his Nobles but so was it compounded that the King and the Lords did sweare at Oxford that what lawes and decrées in the same assembly shoulde bée prouided to the profit of the King and the Realme the same vniuersally shoulde be kept and obserued to the honour of God and peace of the Realme Besides the king and the Lordes there were also 9. Bishops which swearing to the same end excommunicated all such as should gainstand the said prouisions there made Wherevppon diuers wholesome lawes Wholesome lawes were enacted which misliked the King in such sort that he required of the Pope for himselfe and his sonne Edward to be dispensed with of their othes Anno 1261. Which being easily obtained The Pope dispenseth with othes Pope dieth the king steps back from all that was before concluded The same yéere died pope Alexander after whom succéeded Vrban the 4. who also reuiued and renewed the releasement of the kings oath aforesaid wherevpon grew war betwixt the king and the Barons P. Vrban 4 War betwixt the king and the Barons Anno 1264. died Pope Vrban and after him succéeded Clement 4. Clement 4. who as Nicholas Riuet affirmeth was first a married man had wife and children and was the sollicitor and Counseller to the French K. then after the death of his wife was Bishop intituled Padiensis after that Vrban dieth Archb. of Narbourn and at last made Cardinall who being sent of Pope Vrban in legacie for reformation of peace in his absence was elected Pope by the Cardinalles Thomas of Aquine Bonauenture About this time florished Thomas of Aquine Reader at Paris among the Dominick Fryers and Bonauenture among the Franciscan Friers ex Nichol. Riuet Anno 1265 the pope graunted that the Church of England should pay tenthes of all reuenewes as well temporall as spiritual to the King to continue thrée yeares space the yeare after Tenthes to the Kinge the popes Legate Octobonus caused to be proclaimed a new graunt of pope Clement to the King and Quéene of all the tenthes for 7 yeares to come Anno 1267 peace was concluded betwéene the King the Barons and Octobonus departed the land This Octobonus enrolled to perpetuall memorie Peace betwixt the K. and the Barons the valuation of all the Churches in the realme of England so narrowly as by any meanes he might enquire the certainty thereof Cathedrall churches popes pensions The same was he that made al the Cathedral conuentuall churches to pay pensions so that those churches that gaue not the vacancie of their benefices to their Clerkes and straungers should pay vnto them a certaine yearly pension during the vacancie of the benefices they should haue Clement 4. dieth The same yeare dyed pope Clement the 4. after whose death the church of Rome was vacant 2. yeares and then was chosen an Archdeacon Pope whose name was Theardus as he was taking his iourney into the holy land and called him Gregory the tenth Gregory 10. During the raigne of King Henry the 3. Edward the Kinges sonne was one that made a generall expedition against the Saracens Against the Saracens to Ierusalem and in the yeare 1270 in the moneth of May he set forward in his iourney About the time when Prince Edward was preparing his iourney towardes Asia Boniface the Archb of Canterbury ended his life in the countrie of Sebaudia going belyke to Rome or comming thence In whose stead Gregory the tenth placed Robert Kilwardly neither according to the minde of the Monkes who agréed vpon the Prior of their house named Adam Chelendine nor of the king who spake in the behalfe of Robert Burnell there Chancellor About this time came out the great Concordances Great Concordances by an English frier called Derminghton Ex Eulogio Anno 1273. Pope Gregory the tenth called a generall Councell A generall Councell at Lions about the controuersie betwixt the Gréeke Church and the Latine and for the vacancie of the sea apostolicall This yéere in the moneth of Aprill Richard King of Almaigne died at the Castle of Barthamstéed and was buried at the Abbey of Hailes Abbey of Hailes King dyeth which hée buylded from the ground This yeare 1273. dyed King Henry the 16. day before the calendes of December in the 56. yeare of his raigne Westminster church was buryed at Westminster The stéeple and church wherof in his life time he began to build but did not fully finish the same before his death After Henry the 3. succéeded his sonne Edward and was crowned anno 1274. Anno. 1276. began the foundation of the Black fryers by Ludgate Blackfryers by Ludgate And in the yeare 1285. the new worke of the church of Westminster that began in the 3. year of Henry the third was finished which was 66 yeares in edifying An. 1291. The Iewes were vtterly banished the realm for which the Commons gaue to the K. a Fiftéene King Edward had sharpe warre with the Scottes Iewes banished the realm vtterly and subdued them thrée times who séeing they could not make their partie good against the King sent priuilie to P. Boniface for his ayde and councell who immediatly sendeth downe his precept to the king that he should herafter cease to molest the Scottes for that they were a people exempt The Scots pertain to the Popes chappell and properly pertayning vnto his Chappell and therefore it coulde not otherwise bee but that the Citie of Ierusalem must néedes defende her owne Citizens and as the mount Sion maintaine such as trust in the Lord. Wherevnto the king made answere with an oth that hée would mainteine that which was his right euidently knowne to all the world The next yéere after which was the 29. of the kings raigne the Pope directeth his letters to the king againe wherein he chalengeth the kingdome of Scotland to be proper to the Church of Rome and not subiect to the king of England and therefore it was
the councell of Philip the French king confirmed and prosecuted the censures that Iohn his predecessor had published against Lewes the Emperor and depriued him both of his Emperiall Crowne Dukedome of Bauaria Emperor depriued that he stode excommunicate till time that variance fell betwixt this P. Benedict and the French K. Wherfore to haue some friēds to flie to he began to pretend fauor and absolution And not long after died After whom folowed Clement vi a man most furious and cruell Variance betwixt the P. and french K. This Clement vi renuing againe the former excommunications of his predecessors caused his letters to be set vp on Church dores wherein he threatened and denounced most terrible thunderboltes against the Emperor except within thrée dayes he would renounce the Emperiall possession of the crowne and resigning vp his Empire into his handes would submitte himselfe his children and all his goods to the will and pleasure of the B. with promise that he would not receaue any part thereof but vpon his good grace as his will should be to referre it ouer And besides the Pope sendeth to the Emperor a certain forme of a bill conteyned in writing The Emp. must resigne all to the P. with certain conditions that hee commaunded to be geuen to the handes of the Emperor Which he gently receiued and not onelie with his seale confirmed it The frintharted pope but also sweareth to obserue all the conditions thereof Which the Pope hearing greatly marueyled at it but was nothing mollified The Princes and Electors séeing the bill with the articles and conditions desired the Emperor that hee woulde stande to the defence of the Emperiall Dignitie as hee had begun promising their assistance and ayde And thereupon were letters sent to the Pope desiring him to abstaine from such manner of articles against the State and Maiestie of the Empire Vpon this the Pope vpon Maundie Thursday blustereth out most black curses against him Black curses against the Emperor and also reneweth all the former Processes as both against an Heretike and a Schismatike Commandinge moreouer all the Princes Electors to procéede in chusing a newe Emperour Which the Archbishop of Mentz refused to doe Archbishop of Mentz depriued and therefore was by the Pope depriued of all his dignities The Archbishop of Colen took eight thousand markes and the Duke of Saxonie two thousand and were corrupted by Iohn King of Bohem and elected Charles his sonne to be Emperour whom Pope Clement in his Consistorie did approoue but hee was repulsed at Aquisgraue where they were wont to be crowned This Charles with the French King and the King of Boheme Warre with the king of England by the setting on of the Pope made warre against the King of England but were all by him put to flight The Emperor geueth ouer to the P. Lodowicke notwithstanding the States of Germanie assembled at Spires promised to stick vnto him remembring his oath made before to the Popes Bull willingly gaue ouer his Emperiall dignitie and went to Bulgaria The Em. poysoned Where shortly after through the practise of Clement as Hieronimus Martius doeth wryte he was poysoned The Princes then hearing of his death assembled themselues to make a newe election who refusing Charles Gunterus de monte nigro chosen Emp. elected for Emperour Gunterus de Monte nigro who shortlie afterwarde falling sicke at Frankford by one of his Phisitions Seruauntes was also poysoned whom Charles had hired to worke that feat and not dying thereof for auoiding bloudshed thorough councell of the Germans hée gaue ouer his Empire to Charles who to haue his sonne set vp after him Charles chosen Emperour graunted to the Princes electors of Germany all the publicke taxes and tributes of the Empire This pope Clement first reduced the yéere of Iubile to euery fiftie yéere The Iubile euery 50. yeere From Auinion to Rome which first was kept but euery hundreth yéere and so he beyng absent at Auinion which hée purchased with his mony to the sea of Rome caused it to be celebrated at Rome Anno 1350. In the which yéere were numbred of Peregrines going in and comming out to the number of 50000. Praemostr 50000. Pilgrims The Bull of Pope Clement geuen out for this present yeare of Iubile procéedeth in these woordes as followeth What person or persons soeuer for deuotion sake shall take their peregrination to the holy Cittie The forme of the Bull of Iubile the same day when he setteth forth out of his howse he may choose vnto him selfe what confessor or confessors either in the way or where else he lusteth vnto the which confessors wee graunt by our authority full power to absolue all cases papall as fully as if we were in our proper person there present Item wee graunt that whosoeuer being truly confessed shall chaunce by the way to dye The pope commandeth the angels he shall be quite and and absolued of all his sinnes Moreouer we commande the Angels of Paradise to take his soule out of his bodie being absolued and to carrie it into Paradise c. And in another Bull we will saith he that no paine of hell shal touch him graunting moreouer to all and singular person and persons which are signed with the holy-Crosse power and authoritie to deliuer and release thrée or foure Soules whom they list them selues out of the paines of Purgatorie c. This Clement as saith Auesb. tooke vpon him so prodigallie in his popedome that he gaue vnto the Cardinals of Rome bishoprickes and benefices which then were vacant in England and began to geue them new titles for the same liuings which he gaue them in Englād wherwith the K. was offended vndid all the prouisions of the pope within his realme commaunding vnder paine of imprisonment and life Against prouisions from Rome no man to be so hardy as to bring in any such prouisions of the Pope and vnder the same punishment charged the two Cardinals to void the realme Anno 1343. And in the same yéere all the tenths as well of the Templars Tenths to the King as also of other spirituall men were giuen and payd to the king through the whole realme King Edward the second builded two houses in Oxford for good letters Oriall Colledge and Saynt Marie hall Oriall colledge and S. Mary hall Anno 1326. the townes men of Berry spoiled the Abbey of treasure inestimable and almost burnt vp the whole house The Abby of Bury spoyled by the townes men and in one wéeke burnt vp 22. mannors belonging to the same carriyng away goodes to the valure of 9220. pounds fiue shillings and eleuen pence besides other inestimable treasure While the Abbot all this space was at London at the Parlement For which fact thirtie tartes full of townes men were carried to Norwich of whom ninetéene were there hanged and diuers conuict were put in prison The whole
afterward was cited and condemned by Thomas Arundell Archbishop of Canterbury but what became afterward of him it is not certaine It is plaine by the Chronicle of S. Albons that the Londoners did hinder the Archb. himselfe sitting in the citie of London when he would haue made processe against Iohn Aishton The Londoners fauorers of trueth anno 1382. Nicholas Herford during the time of this Conuocation did not appeare and therefore had the sentence of excommunication against him against which he put in his appeale to the King and his Councell the Archbishoppe woulde not admitte it but caused him to bee apprehended and inclosed in prison yet hee escaped and returned to his former preaching in secrete manner Wherevpon the Archbishop thundered out excommunication against him and wrote letters to the king requiring his sword to chop of his necke In this meane time it is not certainly knowne what became of Wickliffe but as it may bee gathered out of Walden Wickliffe banished it appeareth that he was banished but whersoeuer he were at that time hée wrote a letter to Pope Vrban the sixt purging himselfe therein and also in the same declareth a briefe confession of his faith But this Pope Vrban otherwise called Turban was so hotte in his warres against Clement the French Pope his aduersarie that he had neither leysure nor list to attend vppon Wickliffes matters By reason of the schisme Wickliffe is more quiet by reason of which schisme Wickliffe was in more quiet Anno 1383. Pope Vrban employed Henry Spencer B. of Norwich who was hardly intreated at Lennam for striuing for the mayors mace in suppressing of the Antipope at Auinion in Fraunce and sent Bulles to the same Henry about this time to Croysser whosoeuer would go with him into France to destroy the Antipope that named himself Clement to make wars with al those the tooke his part which was takē in hād accordingly to the end was giuē to the Bishop the fiftinth which was graunted to the king the Parlement before and about the moneth of Maie being come to Canterbury there tarying for a wind in the Monastery of S. Augustine receiued a writ from the king that he should returne to him and know further his pleasure The B. fearing he should be staied notwithstāding the writ entred the seas and arriued at Calis and afterward besieged Grauendie that held with the Antipope and tooke it and there slue man woman and child A cruell Bishop Ex Chron. Mon. D. Albons And after that he had slaine at Dunkirke in the chase twelue thousand of the Frēch of his men only seuen missing and had in vaine besieged Ipres and could not kéepe Graueling returned againe into England In this meane time Iohn Wickliffe eyther béeyng banished or kept in some secrete place Lutterworth VVickliffes parish Church returned agayne within short space and repayred to his parishe Churche at Lutterworth whereof hée was parson and there dyed in the beginning of the yeere one thousand thrée hundred eightie and foure vpon Siluesters day and died olde of whom Thomas Walden his aduersary testifieth VVickliffes constancie that the same pleased him in his olde age which pleased him beyng young This Wickliffe had written diuers and sundry workes which anno 1410. were burnt at Oxforde the Abbot of Shrewesburie being the Commissarie and sent to ouersée that matter and not onely in England but in Boheme also the bookes of Wickliffe were set on fire by one Subincus Archbishop of Prage The number of the volumes which he is said to haue burned being most excellently written W. bookes burned richlie adorned with bosses of gold and rich couerings as Aeneas Siluius writeth were aboue 200. Iohannes Cocleus in his Hist Hus recordeth that there was a certaine Bishop in England which wrote vnto him that he had yet remaining in his custody two mighty volumes of Wickliffes workes which for the quantitie might séeme to be equall to the workes of S. Augustine He wrote also certaine answers to king Richard the second touching the Title of the King and the Pope and whether the king may for his defence in time of necessitie withhold his treasure from the Pope In which he declareth the Popes vsurpation and that Lordly dignitie which by the institution of the Apostles is forbidden him c. Wickliffe had many fauourers euen of the Nobilitie as well as of the lower sort His speciall fauourers were these Iohn Clenbone Wickliffes fauourers Lewes Clifford Richard Sturmes Thomas Latimer William Neuell Iohn Mountague which plucked downe all the Images in his Church Beside all these was the Earle of Salisbury who for contempt in him noted toward the Sacrament in carrying it home to his house was enioyned by Badulph Ergon Bishop of Salisbury Penance to make in Salisbury a crosse of stone in the which all the story of the matter should be written and hee eue Fridaye during his life to come to the Crosse barefoote and bareheaded in his shirt and there knéeling on his knées to doe penance for his fact Ex Chro. Mon. de albon In vita Rich. 2 The Londoners at this time trusting in the mayors authoritie the cleargy spirituall men being choked with bribes The Londoners take vpon them c. and winking at vice tooke vppon them the office of the B. in punishing vices belonging to the ciuil law as fornication adulterie c. Ex eod Wickliffe had diuers testimonies of his great learning and godlinesse as of the Vniuersitie of Oxford sealed with the Vniuersitie Seale But so farre did his doctrine take place that the Councell of Constance to destroy it did decrée that fourty fiue of his articles were hereticall and 41. yeres after his death VVic bones burned after his death Persecution commanded his bones to be taken vp and burned Thomas Walden in his booke de sacramentis sacramentalibus saith that after Wickliffe many suffered most cruell death and many also did forsake the Realme In the number of whom was William Swinderbie Walter Brut Iohn Puruey Richard White VVilliam Thorpe Raynolde Peacock Bishop of Asaph and afterwardes of Chichester Iohn Scotte and Philip Norris which being excommunicate by Pope Eugenius the fourth anno 1446. appealed to a general or oecumenical Councel Peter Paine who flying from Oxford into Boheme did stoutly withstande the Sophisters as touching both kindes in the Sacrament of the supper and afterward among the rest of the Orators was one of the fourtéene that were sent to the Councell at Basil where by the space of thrée dayes he disputed vpon the article touching the ciuill dominion of the Cleargie in the yere 1438. Also the Lord Cobham fauoured and followed VVickliffes doctrine as did the Bohemians who by the meanes of a Bohemian Student in Oxford of a noble stocke that carried with him into Bohemia certaine of VVickliffs booke De realibus vniuersalibus de ciuili iure diuino de Ecclesia
Anno 1387. the tenth yeere of the raigne of King Richarde the second Ex Chron. Monast Albon At the same time Anne the kings wife had the Gospels in English The K. wife hath the Gospel in English with the foure Doctors vpon the same She was a Bohemian borne Sister of Vincelaus king of Boheme which care of knowledge in her Thomas Arundell Archbishoppe of Yorke preaching at her funerall the 18. yéere of the Kinges raigne greatly commended and praised for hauing them in the mother tongue and blamed sharply the negligence of the Cleargy Notwithstanding this Tho. Arūdel Tho. Arundell after this sermon became the most cruell eniury that could be against English bookes and the authors therof for shortly after the death of the Quéene he with the B. of London Robert Braybrock crossed the seas into Ireland there desired the kings aide against the heresie of Wickliffe Anno 1393. at Westminster was called a Parlement by the Kinges commaundement to that purpose in which parlement certaine articles were put out in the behalfe of the gospel to the number of twelue were fastned vpon the Churchdoore of Paules at London Articles in the be halfe of the Gospel and also at Westminster 1. The first was against the appropriations and pride of the Cleargie 2. Against Papisticall priesthoode 3 Against singlenes of Priestes 4 Against Transubstantiation Against exorcismes and blessings of priests 6 Against ciuill iurisdiction of Ecclesiasticall persons 7 Against masses for the dead 8 Against pilgrimages and oblations 9 Against auricular confession 10 Against the purchasing of indulgences and pardons a poena culpa by Lords vnto such as doe helpe their armies to kil Christians in forraine Countreyes for temporall gaine 11 Against Nunnes and widowes which vow a single life 12 Against multitude of artes not necessarie Multitude of artes not necessarie vsed in the Church To these articles were adioyned reasons in reproofe of the practise of the Church of Rome therein And vnto the articles these verses were thus adioyned The English Nation doth lament of Sodomites their sinne Which Paul doeth plainly signifie by Idols to begin But Gersitis full ingrate from sinfull Simon sprong This to defend though priestes in name make Bulwarkes great and strong Rime against popish priests After these articles were thus set foorth the King not long after returned out of Ireland and at his returne called certaine Nobles vnto him Richard Sturie Lewes Clifford Fauourers of the gospel Thomas Latimer Iohn Montacute c. Whō he did sharplie rebuke and terriblie threaten for that he heard them to be fauourers of that side and tooke an oath of Richard Sturrie that he should neuer fauour any such opinions swearing that he should die a shamefull death if he brake his oath Ex Chron. D. Alb. Now Pope Vrban was dead sixe yeares before P. Boniface 9. whom succéeded Boniface the ninth that laboured by all meanes against the Gospell and had written sundrie times to King Richard as wel for the repealing of actes of Parlement against his prouisions Quare impedit and premunire facias as for the persecuting of the professors of the truth which letter he wrote to the king anno 1396. which was the yere before the death of William Courtney Archbishop of Canterburie after whom succéeded Th. Arundel brother to the Earle of Arundel first B. of Elie then archb of Yorke and Lord Chancellor of England and lastly archb of Canterb. about the yere 1397. Anno 1398. the ninth yere of the Pope K. Richard 2. wrote a certaine letter to the Pope full of vertuous instruction to the quieting of the schisme and a godlie admonition very pithilie The K. writeth a christian admonition to the P. and copiouslie in the ende whereof the rest being of like sort he beséecheth him to receiue his councel effectuallie that in doing thus the waters may returne to the places from whēce they came and so the waters may begin to be made sweete with salt least the axe swimme on that water and the wood sinke and least the fruitfull Oliue degender into a wilde Oliue and the leprosie of Naaman the Nobleman cleaue continuallie to the house of Gehezie and least the Pope and the Pharisies crucifie Christ againe Christ the spouse of the Church which was wont to bring the chiefe bishop into the holiest place increase your Holinesse or rather restore it being lost c. Ex lib. cuiusdam Dunelmen But the Popes being little moued with good councell neither of them would geue ouer to the quiet of the Church but prosecuted their titles to the vttermost Notes of certaine Parlementes holden in the reigne of K. Richard 2. making against the Pope Parlements holden against the P. IN the first yere at Westminster that first fruites be no more paid to the P. Item that no prouision be made from Rome to procure any Benefice That none farme any Ecclesiasticall liuing of a stranger In which bill it was rehearsed that Frenchmen had six thousand pound a yéere that way in England Against the Popes reseruations of dignities electiue in the second yéere agaynst Aliens who had the greatest part of Church dignities in their hands Item that the benefices of rebels to Pope Vrbane should be seised into the kings hands That Vrbane was true pope and who soeuer fought for any prouision but from Vrbane should be out of the Kings protection In the third yéere the Prelates and Clergie made a protestation against a certaine new graunt to wit their extortion But the King notwithstanding their protestation would not stay to graunt to his Iustices in all cases as was vsed to be doone in times past c. In the 4. yéere against the popes collectors that all priors aliens might be remooued and Englishmen placed in their roomes In the ninth yéere that redresse might be had against such religious persons as vnder licence to purchase 10. pound a yéere doo purchase 80. or an 100. That clerkes should pay to the king first fruites as they doo to the Pope The 11. yéere against impositions gathered of the popes Buls of Volumus Imponimus and that they might be bestowed vpon the kings wars against the Schismatikes of Scotland that such as bring into the realme such may be reputed for traitors In the 13. yéere that the Popes collector should be commanded to auoid the land within 40. daies or else to be taken for the kings enemy and that euery such collector from henceforth should be an Englishman and sworne to execute the statutes made in this parlement c. and in the 14 15 17 20 21 25. Decrées were made agaynst some one point or other of the Popes authoritie and power in England and abuses of the Clergie In the fiue and twentith yéere Thomas Arundell archb of Canterburie in the parlement was proued a traitor Tho. Arundell proued a traytor in that he procured the Earles of Arundell Warwicke
Epistle of Casse to the church of England eadem The pope still reigneth his exactions 246 Pope Eugenius eadem Articles against the spiritualtie eadem Knowledge of ciuil causes belōgeth not to the clergy 247 Reformatiō to be done ead The king dieth 248 Crouched Friers ead Knights of the Rhodes ead Templars burnt at Paris ead The Templars put down vniuersally eadem The pope selleth the Tēplars lands eadem Cistercian monks exempt ea The pope couseneth the Frāciscane Friers 249 The Venetians cursed of the pope eadem A monstrous tyranny ead Walter Reinald 250 Clement 5. dieth ead Papacy voyd 2. yeeres ead Pope maketh profite of the variance of princes ead 8. pence in euery marke ead Michael house founded in Cambridge eadē Nicholaus de lyra ead Guilielmus 251 Occham ead Adam eadem Simon M. eadem Clement 252 A great heresie ead Ludouicus ead Bauarus Emperor eadem Contentiō betwixt the pope Emp. 24. yeeres eadem pope hath ful power to creat and depose Emperors at his pleasure ead Marsilius Patauinus ead Defensor pacis eadē Pope Nicholas 253 Benedict 12 eadem Emperor depriued ead Variance betwixt the pope French king ead The Emp. must resigne all to the pope eadem The feends hant the pope ea Black curses against the Emperor ead Archb. of Mētz depriued ea Warre with the king of England eadem The Emperour giueth ouer to the pope eadem The Emp. poisoned eadem Gunterus de monte nigro chosen Emperour eadem Charles chosen Emp. 255 The Iubile euery 50. yeere From Auinion to Rome ea 50000. pilgrims eadem The forme of the bull of Iubile eadem The pope commandeth the Angels eadem Against prouisions from Rome 256 Tenths to the king ead Orial colledge and S. Marie hall eadem The abbey of Bury spoyled by the townes men eadem The towne of Bury fyned at 120000. pound eadem The abbot of Cheuingtō ea King Edward the 3. 257 Charter from the king to the cleargy eadem Gregorius Ariminensis ead Taulerus eadem Franciscus Petrarcha ead Iohan. de rupe Scisca eadem Rome the whore of Babylō ea Vade mecum in tribulatione ead Conradus Hayer 258 Gerardus Rydder ead Lachrimae Ecclesiae ead Michael Cesenas ead Petrus de Carbona ead Iohannes de Poliaco ead Rome drunk with the blood of saints ead Iohannes de Castilion ead Francisc de Alcatara ead Simon Islip ead Cāterb college in Oxford 259 New colledge in Oxford ead Pope Innocent the 6. ead Rome the whore of Babylō ea Strife betweene French prelats and Friers eadem Towns-mē of Oxford spoile the scholers 260 Idle holy dayes 262 A priests wages 263 S. Bridgets Nunnes 261 Q. colledge in Oxford ead Holy speare holy nayles ead The order of the bishops of Canterbury eadem A prophecy eadem Haynchardus eadem A prophecy of antichrist 264 Complaint of the plowmen against the cleargy eadem Church of Rome a byrde decked with other byrdes feathers ead Armanach archb of Irelād ea Richard Fitzrafe eadem Iohn Badenthorp ead 9 cōclusiōs against friers ea A long controuersie among the friers 265 Fauourers of friers ead Defensorium curatotiū ead Armanachus a mighty piller of Gods church ead How Rome came by her patrimonie eadem Nicholaus Orem 266 Iesuits begin eadem Offices remoued frō the clergie to the laitie eadem The P. remoueth frō France to Rome eadem Melitzing a Bohemian ead Reseruations of benefices in England no more for the Popes vse 267 Premunire to make appeal to Rome for any cause 268 Holy Briget a great rebuker of the popish clergie ead The x. commandemēts turned into two wordes Dapecuniam eadem M. Paris of Antichrist ead Ioh. Montziger ead Nilus archb of Thessal ead Henricus de Iota 269 Henricus de Hassia ead The deuils belly ful of the P. voluptuousnes eadem 36. burned for the truth ead 140. suffered for refusing the Decretals eadem 24. suffer at Paris ead The act of prouision 270 An acte to continue for euer ead Decrees against oppressiō of the pope ea In Wickliffs time the worlde in worst case 271 Wickliffe against Images ea Iohn of Gaunt L. Percy fauorers of Wickliffe ead The opinions of Wic ead Wic brought before the bishops 272 Wic bid sit down 273 Frō brauling to threats ead A proud B. wounded ea K. Edw. the greatest brideler of the P. dieth ead Wickl goeth barefoot preaching ea Articles out of Wick preaching ead Wic articles cōdemned for heretical 274 Popes bul against Wic ead P. diligence against W. ea 18. heretical opiniōs against Wick 275 W. escapeth the 2. time 276 W. greatly supported by Lōdoners ead pope Gregorie dieth ead A schisme betwixt 2. Popes 39. yeres ea Popes and antipopes ead Clement ead Benedictus 3 ead Boniface 9 ead Innocentius 8 ead Gregorie 12 ead Crueltie among the clergie during the schisme 277 S. Sudburie beheaded of the rude people ead Vicechancellor of Oxford enemie to Wickliffe ead Wic mitigateth his enemies 278 Wickliffes articles condemned ead Tenths are pure almes 279 A terrible earthquake ead Fauourers of Wick appointed to preach 280 Stokes an enemie to Wick 281 D. of Lancastar forsooke the schollers of Wick ead Repington Ashton reconciled ead Repington abiureth ead Lōdiners fauor the truth 282 VVick banished ead Schisme cause of W. quiet ea A cruel bishop 283 Wic parson at Lutterworth ead Wickliffs constancie ead Wick bookes burned ead VVic fauorers 284 Londoners take on them the bishops office ead Bones of wick burned after his death ead I. Husse W. Swinderby 285 Articles against Swinderbie 286 Henry 4. first persecuting K. in England 287 Articles against Brute ead Temporalties takē from the Clergie 288 A turncote persecutor 289 Lucifer to the clergie ead Feendes glad at the want of preaching ead Deuil teacheth what should be preached ead Abiurers 290 VVel affected about Leicest ead R. Dexter N. Tayler ead Leicester interdicted ead Matild an anchores of Wic doctrine 291 Margaret Cailie a Nun forsaketh her order ead Penance ead Peter Pateshul ead Londoners zealous 292 The kings wife hath the gospel in English ead Thomas Arundel ead Articles in behalfe of the gospell eadem Multitude of artes not necessary 293 Rithme agaynst the popish priests eadem Fauourers of the gospel ea Pope Boniface the 9. ead The king writeth a christian admonition to the P. 294 Parlements holden against the pope eadem Thomas Arundell proued a traytor 295 The king deposed 296 William Sawtree eadem Obiections against William Sawtree eadem Relapse 297 The māner of disgrading ea The surples of a sexten 298 The time of Henry 4. ead Thomas Badby martir 299 Crocodiles teares ead The statute ex officio 300 Many shrinke from the truth eadem Articles eadem William Thorpe ead Transubstantiatiō inuented by Thomas Aquinas 301 Against swearing on a boke eadem A constant confessor of the truth eadem Iohn Puruey the library of Lollards 302 Articles recanted ead The popes curse the blast of Lucifer eadem
of his raigne notwithstanding many troubles he builded the colledge of Canons at Exeter and was buried at the Abbey of Winburne or Woburne After whose decease for lacke of issue the land fell to his brother Alured or Alfred ann 872. who first of the English kings Alfred of the English K. taketh his vnctiō from the Pope tooke his crowne and vnction of Pope Leo at Rome Hee after great alteration and diuers troubles forced the Danes to séeke for peace which was concluded vpon certaine couenants wherof one and the principall was that Gutrum their K. should be christened The other that such as would not be christened should depart the Realme Vpon these couenants Gutrum comming to Winchester The king of the Danes christened was there christened with xx of his great Nobles To the which Gutrū K. Alured being his Godfather at the baptisme named him Athelstane and gaue him diuers Countreys as of East-anglia conteyning Norfolke and Suffolke and part of Cambridgeshire and graunted to the Danes that were christened the Countrey of Northumberland the rest voyding the land Athelstane raigned xi or xij yeres Alfred buylded diuers houses of Religion as the house of Nunnes at Shaftesburie and the religious houses at Etheling Also another at Winchester named the new Monasterie and endued richly the Church of Saint Cutbert at Durham Hee sent also into India to pay and performe his vowes to saint Thomas of India which he promised in the time of his distresse against the Danes After hee had reigned nine and twentie yeres and sixe monethes he changed this mortall life and deuided his goods into two equall partes the one to vses secular the other to vses Ecclesiasticall Of the which the first he deuided into thrée portions the first for behoofe of his familie the second vpon his buildings the third vpon strangers The other second into foure partes the one to the reliefe of the poore Alfred a notable king an other to monasteries the third to the Schooles of Oxford for the maintening of good letters the fourth he sent to forraine Churches without the Realme He deuided the day and the night into thrée partes Eight houres if he were not let by warres A notable spēding of the time by the king and other affaires hée spent in studie and learning Other eight in praier almes déedes And the other eight in natural rest sustenance of his bodie and néedes of the Realme He especially prouided against robbing and théeues by seuere execution In such sorte that he caused to be set vp through his Dominion gilded brooches and none so hardie neither by day nor night to take them downe His vertues were many he was learned wise religious and valeaunt especiallie about the West part of the land he erected Schooles and mainteyned Students although among the Britaines in the towne of Chester in Southwales long before that in the time of King Arthure as Galfridus wryteth both Grāmer and Philosophie with the tongues were taught In the time of Egbert king of Kent some writers affirme that this land began to flourish with Philosophie About which time also some thinke that the Vniuersity of Grantchester néere to that which is now called Cambridge began to be founded by Beda Grantchester founded by Beda following this coniecture therein for that Alcuinus who went to Rome and from thence into Fraunce in the time of Charles the great where he first began the Vniuersitie of Paris was first traded vp in the same Schoole of Grantchester Paris began from Grantchester Bed lib. 3. cap. 18. writing also of Sigebert king of the East-angles declared how Sigebert returning out of Frāce into Englād according to the examples which he did there sée ordered and disposed Schooles of learning through the meanes of Felix then Bishoppe and placed in them Teachers after the manner of the Cantuarites And yet before these times it is thought there were two Schooles or Vniuersities within the Realme the one for Gréek at the town of Greglade which was after called Kirklade the other for Latine which was then called Latinlade afterward Lethelade néere to Oxford Alfrede very learned This King Alfrede was eleuen yeres of age before hee began to learne Letters hauing to his Master Pleimundus afterwarde made Bishoppe of Canterburie and grew so in knowledge that he trāslated diuers latin works as Orosius Pastorale Gregorij the histories of Bede Boetius de Consolat philosophiae also an Enchiridion of his owne making He compiled also an Historie in the Saxon tongue called the historie of Alfred He suffered no man to aspire to any dignitie in his Court except he were learned and caused all his Nobles to set their children to learning if they had no sonnes then their seruaunts He began also to translate the Psalter into English The Psalter translated by king Alfred and had almost finished the same had not death preuented him These endeuours he tooke in hand that the English nation might be furnished with knowledge which was decayed before by the innumerable volumes burned by the Danes The king carefull to furnish the land with knowledge He vsed chiefly the wise counsell of Neotus Neotus who was counted then an holy man and was Abbot of a certaine monastery of Cornewall by whose aduise hée sent for Grimbaldus a learned monke out of Fraunce and for Asserion an other learned man out of Wales whome hée made Bishop of Schireborne also out of Mercia hée sent for Werefrithus Bishop of Worcester to whom hée put the Dialogues of Gregory to be trāslated By the aduisement of Neotus he ordained certaine schooles of diuerse artes first at Oxford and fraunchised the same with many great Libraries Moreouer besides other learned men which were about Alfred histories make mention of Iohannes Scotus Iohannes Scotus a godly deuine and a learned Philosopher but not that Scotus whō we call Duns who came after this many yéeres This Iohannes Scotus at the request of Carolus Caluus the French king translated the booke of Dyonisius intituled De Hierarchia out of Gréeke into Latine word by word Hée wrote also a booke De corpore sanguine Domni which was after condemned by the Pope Scotus booke De Corpore condemned In concilio Vercellensi He wrote also a booke De naturae diuisione wherein he accorded not with the Romish religion whervpon the Pope writing to Charles of this Scotus complained of him so he was constrained to remoue out of France and came into Engl. to Alured as some say by the letters of Alfred of whō he had great intertainment till he went to Malmesburie where he was slaine of his owne schollers whō he taught with their penkniues Scotus slaine of his scholers King Alfred had by his wife two sonnes Edward and Ethelward and thrée daughters Elflena Ethelgora Ethelginda which all he caused to be instructed in learning Edward succéeded in the kingdome Ethelward died before
be set on fire that he broke open houses that he dranke to the Diuell that hée neuer crossed himselfe c. For the which causes he was deposed by the consent of the Emperour and the Prelates and Pope Leo placed in his roome But after thorough the harlots of Rome Pope restored by harlots and their great promises hée was restored againe and Leo put out At length about the tenth yéere of this Pope he being found without the citie with another mans wife was so wounded of her husband that within eight dayes after he died Pope killed in adultery After him the Romans elected Pope Benedictus the fift without the consent of the emperor whervppon Otho besieged Rome and set vp Pope Leo againe the eight of that name Which Leo to gratifie him again crowned Otho for Emperor and entituled him Augustus also the power which Carolus magnus gaue to the Cleargy and people of Rome touching the election of the B. of Rome this Leo by a synodall decrée gaue to the Emperour and his successors The election of the Pope giuen to the Emperour by the Pope The Emperour againe restored to the Sea of Rome al such possessions which Carolus magnus tooke from the Lombards and gaue to them After Pope Leo had raigned a yéere and thrée moneths succéeded Pope Iohn the 14. Against whom for holding with the Emperor Petrus the head captain of the citie with two Consuls and twelue Aldermen diuers other nobles gathering their power together laid handes vppon him in the Church of Laterane and clapt the pope in prison eleuen moneths The Pope put in prison Whereof the Emperour hearing sped him to Rome and did execution vpon the offenders and committed Petrus to the Popes arbitrement The cruell reuenge of the Pope whom he caused first to be stript naked then his beard being shauen to be hanged by the haire a whole day together after that to be set vpon an Asse his face turned backward and his handes bounde vnder the Asses tayle to be led through the Citie that done to be scourged with roddes and so banished the citie And thus the holy father loued his enemy according to the rule of the Gospel From this Pope procéeded first the christening of bels The christning of belles 971. After him followed Pope Benedictus the 6 who was in like maner apprehended by Cinthius a captain of Rome and cast in prison where he was strangled The Pope strangled or as some say famished for lacke of meat Then came Pope Donus the 2 after whom Bonifacius the 7. was pope who was constrained to hide himselfe for feare of the Citizens conspiracie séeing no place for his safety tooke the treasure of Saint Peters Church so priuily stole to Constantinople in whose stéed the people set vp Pope Iohn the fiftéenth Not long after Boniface returning againe from Constantinople by his money procured a garrison to take his part by whose meanes Pope Iohn was taken his eies put out and so throwen in prison The popes eies put out he famished in prisō where he was as some say famished some say he was slaine by Feruchus Neither did Boniface liue many daies after but sodainly died whose carkas after his death was drawne by the féete through the stréetes of Rome The dead body of the Pope drawn through the streets the people shriking and exclaiming against him An. 276. Next Pope after him was Benedictus the seuenth by the consent of the Emperour Otho the second and raigned 19. yéeres In the time of this Pope Hugh Cappet the French king tooke Charles the right heire to the crowne by treason of the Bishop of Laon and when he had imprisoned him hée also imprisoned Arnoldus Archbishoppe of Rames and placed in his roome Gilbertus a Necromancer who was Schoolemaister to D. Robert the kings sonne but Pope Benedictus calling a councel at Rhemes restored Arnoldus againe and displaced Gilbertus After Benedictus succéeded in the sea of Rome Pope Iohn the 16. and died the 8. moneth of his papacie next to whom came Iohn the seuentéenth and after him Gregory the fift ann 995. This Gregory called before Bruno was a Germaine borne and therefore more maliced the Cleargie and people of Rome Whervpon Crescentius with the people and cleargy agréeing against the same Gregory set vp pope Iohn the 18. wherevpon Gregory went to Otho the third who vpon his complaint came to Rome tooke in the city of Rome both Crescentius the consul Iohn the pope Which Iohn hauing his eies put out The popes eies put out was after depriued of his life Crescentius the Consul was set vppon a wilde horse hauing his nose and eares cut of Crueltie and so was ledde through the Cittie his face turned to the horse tayle and after hauing his Members cutte off was hanged vpon a Gibbet Pope Gregorie being thus restored to his former state raigned foure yeres in his Papacie although some say but two yeares During which time he assembled a Councell at Rome A Councell at Rome wherein to establish the Empire in his owne coūtrey by the consent and councell of Otho he ordeyned seuen Princes of Germanie to be Electors of the Emperor The seuen Electors of the Empire thrée Bishoppes and thrée Princes the Palatine the Duke of Saxony and the Marques Brandenbourge vnto whome was added the king of Boheme to geue a casting voice if néede so required The Bishoppes were of Magunce of Treuers and of Colone This constitution being first begun in the yere of our Lord nine hundred ninetie seuen was afterward established in Germanie by Otho the Emperor an 1002. Now concerning king Egelred or Elred the sonne of Alfrith He raigned 38. yeres Our English Cronicles report his raigne to be vngracious in the beginning A strāge reign of a king wretched in the middle and hatefull in the end There fell a variance betwixt this king and the Bishop of Rochester so that he made warre against him besieged the Citie till the Bishop offered him an C.l. of golde which he receiued and so departed The Danes in the time of this king did much molest the Lande in so much that the King was gladde to graunt vnto them great summes of money for peace Peace bought for money of the Danes For the assurance of which peace Analeffe the Captaine of the Danes became a Christian and so departed the Countrey About the xi or as some say the ix yere of this kings reign died Dunstan after whome succeeded Ethelgarus or as Iornalensis saith Stilgarus After him Elfricus as sayeth Guilielmus lib. 1. de Pontif. But as Polidorus saith Sirifius After him Elfricus came but after the minde of Williā lib. 1. Siricius But Polidorus saith Aluritius then Elphegus c. About the same time Anno 995. Aldwinus Bishoppe translated the bodie of Saint Cutbert from Chester which first was in a Northerne Iland then
this Realme an 1180. Anno 1187. Baldwinus Archbishop of Canterburie began to buyld his new house and church at Lambeth but by letters of Pope Clement the third he was forbidden to procéede any further It is written also that Henrie 2. gaue to the Church of Rome for the death of Becket 40000. markes of siluer and 5000. markes of gold an 1187. In the fiue and thirty yeare of his reigne the king died at the Castle of Whiuen in Normandie at whose death they that were present were so greedie of the spoile that they left the body of the king naked and not so much could be found as a cloth to couer it till a Page comming in and seing the king lie so ignominiously threw his cloke vpon his neither partes Anno 1189. Richard the eldest sonne of Henry the 2. succéeded his Father at which time Pope Clement Pope Clement sat at Rome succéeding Gregory that died a little before for sorrow Iewes destroyed In the time of the Coronation of the king the Iewes were destroied almost all the land ouer The king in part of satisfaction for his trespasse against his father agreed with Phillip the French king to take vpō them the recouery of the holy lande and for the same solde and let out much and gathered diuers waies great treasures for the iourney Besides by the commaundement of Pope Clement the third a tenth was exacted of the whole Realme in such sort as the Christians should make to the King 70000. A Bish Chancellour A Bish chiefe iustice of England pound and the Iewes sixe thousand For the gouernment of his Realme in his absence the King set ouer principall in his absence the Bishop of Ely his Chauncellour and the the Bishop of Durham whom he ordained to be chiefe Iustice of England the one to haue the custody of the Tower with the ouersight of all other partes of the land on this side of Humber The other which was the bishoppe of Durham to haue charge ouer all other his dominions beyond Humber sending moreouer to Pope Clement in the behalfe of William Bishoppe of Ely to bée made the Popes Legate through all England and Scotlande which also was obtained These thinges thus ordered The iourney for the holie land the K. about the time of Easter sayled into France there deferred their iourney til after Midsommer They confirmed their agréemēt of the enterprise by oath the forme of which oath was this That either of thē should mainteine the honor of the other The forme of the oath for the holy land and beare true fidelitie of life members and worldly honor and that neither of them should faile one the other in their affaires c. But these couenants were not performed on the French kings part for at Messana hée suffered the kings part to be abused The French breaketh his oth by the inhabitants of the citie and picked quarrels against the Englishmen and wrought treason against the king by sending letters to the king of Cicill Tancredus by the duke of Burgundy the contents whereof were that the king of Englād was a false traitour and would neuer keepe the peace that was betwixt them and if the said Tancredus would warre against him or secréetly by night would inuade him hée with all his power would assist him and ioine with him to the destruction of him and all his armie which letters Tancredus shewed vnto king Richard at Cathmensium a citie where the king found Tancredus who gaue him very good intertainment thrée daies thrée nights and at his departing gaue him foure great ships and 15. gallies and furthermore he himselfe would néeds accompany him the space of two daies iourney to a place called Tauernium After the king of England had vnderstood so much by Tancredus and had also receiued of him the very letters he would shewe the French king from thenceforth no louing countenance as before King Richard hauing won Cipres departed with the French king toward the siege of Achon the 6. of Iune crossing the seas he met with a great barke fraught with men of warre being Saracens and furnished with wild fire and vnknowen serpents to the defence of Achon whom he vanquished and the 7. of Iune came to Achon which in short space after was rendered vnto the christians the 12. of Iuly and the captaines of the Pagans vpon agréement resorted vnto the tents of the Templars to common with the king touching peace giuing vp of their citie The sum of which peace was this that the kings should haue the citie of Achon fréely fully deliuered vnto them with all that was therein and 500. Captaines of the Christians should bée restored which were in Achon also the holy crosse should be rendered vnto thē 1000. christian captains with 200. horsemen whom soeuer they thēselues would choose out of al them that were in the power of Saladine Moreouer they should giue to the kings 200000. bysants so that they themselues would remaine as pledges in the K. hands for performāce hereof that if within 40. daies these couenaunts were not accomplished Achon wonne by the Christians they would abide the kings mercy touching life and lims These couenaunts beyng agréed vpon the kings sent their souldiers and seruants to the citie to take an 100. of the richest and best in the citie to close them vp in towers vnder strong kéeping The 13. day the two kings deuided the spoile of the citie betwixt them whereat the souldiers grudged and with somewhat adoo were appeased The 20. of Iuly K. Richard desired the French king that they with their armies would bind themselues by oth to remaine there still in the land of Ierusalē 3. yéeres for the recouering of those coūtries but he would sweare he said no such oth about the beginning of August the French K. departed from Achon to Tirus leauing his halfe part of the citie of Achon to Cōradus the Marques After whose departure the Pagans refused to kéepe their couenants made and neither would restore the holy crosse nor the monie nor the captiues sending word that if king Richard did behead the pledges left with him at Achon they would chop of the heads of such christian captiues as they had in their hands Shortly after this the Saladine sending great gifts to king Richard requested the time limited for the beheading of the captiues to bée proroged but the King refused to take his giftes or to graunt his request Wherevpon the Saladine caused all the Christian captiues within his possession forthwith to be beheaded which was the 18. of August And albeit the king vnderstood it yet he would not preuent the time limitted for the execution of his prysoners beyng the twentith day of August vppon which day hée caused them openly in the sight of the Saladines army to bee beheaded to the number of 2500. sauing hée reserued certaine of the principall for purposes especially to make
exchange for the holie crosse and certaine other of the christian captiues After this King Richard purposed to besiege the City of Ioppe where by the way betwéene Ioppe and Achon néere to a towne called Ashur Saladine put to flight Saladin encountring the king was put to flight and the chase followed thrée miles by the christians so that he had not such a losse in 40. yeres before and but one Christian captaine called Iames Auernus in that conflict was ouerthrown From thence king Richard went to Ioppe then to Ascalon where he foūd Ioppe forsaken Ascalon thrown to the ground and the whole land of Syria forsaken throughout all which countrey the king had frée passage without resistance In the meane space of the kings absence William B. William ruffleth in the kings absence the B. of Ely ruffled and began to suspend the Canons Clearks vicars of the church as of S. Peter in Yorke because they receiued him not with procession Vnder which interdiction he held them til they were fain at last to to fal down at his feet causing al their bels to be let down out of the stéeple 1500. horse the Bishops traine He commonly neuer rode vnder 1500. horses of chaplens priests other seruing men waiting vpon him He was couetous giuen to wantonnes and intollerable pride and so long as it lasted held all vnder him but it lasted not long King Richard at his setting out toward Hierusalem left order that Earle Iohn and Gefferey his brethren shoulde not enter into England the space of 3. yéeres but Iohn was released afterward of that bond Also the K. being at Messana in Sicily sent his mother Alinor to the Pope for his brother Geffery elected before to the sea of Yorke to be cōsecrated Archb. but as she was trauelling to Rome Clement dieth pope Clemēt died the 6. day of April Celestine Pope in whose roome succéeded Celestinus the third who the next day after his consecration came from Laterane to S. Peters Church Where standing vpon the staires before the churchdoore of S. Peter he receiued an oath of Henricus king of the Almanes that he should defend the Church of God and al the liberties thereof mainteine iustice also to restore againe the patrimony of S. Peter ful and whole And finally surrender againe to the Church of Rome the city of Tusculanum c. Vpon this graunt the pope tooke him to the Church and annointed him for Emperour and his wife for Empresse who there sitting in his chaire pontificiall held the crowne of gold betwéene his féete The pope setteth the crown vppon the Emperors head with his feete and dasheth it off againe so the Emperour bowing down his head to the popes féete receaued the Crowne and the Empresse likewise The crowne béeing thus sette vppon his head the Pope eftsoones with his foote stroke it off againe declaring thereby that hée had power to depose him if hée deserued it Then the Cardinals taking vp the crowne set it on his head againe Now Geffery being cōsecrated through licence of the pope Celestine by the Archb. of Turon came into England After his consecration the Bishoppe of Ely hearing thereof charged him not to enter and to remember his oath made to the king at his setting forward toward Hierusalem moreouer he threatned to apprehend him The Archbishop notwithstanding arriued at Douer in the moneth of September where the Chauncellors men stood ready to apprehend him from whom he escaped and came to the monkes house of Douer Which house the Chancellors men beset so that he could not escape and on a day when he had sayde masse as hee was standing at the Altar with his garments yet about him they rushed in and layde handes vppon him bounde him and drewe him through the dyrt The Archbish rudely handled and so committed him to Mathewe Clarke theyr Constable to bee kept These thinges beeyng brought to his Brothers eare the Earle Iohn hee the twelfth of October and the Archbishoppe of Roan with all the Bishops Earles and Barons and Citizens of London assembled together in Paules-churche where Ruffeling W. deposed for his great enormities they agreed to depose William the ruffeling Chauncellour and to place in his roome the Archbishop of Roan The third day after this the Chancellor came to Douer where he remained a few dayes and contrarie to his promise purposed to take shipping to passe ouer the Seas and disguised himselfe in the apparel of a woman hauing in his hand a meat-wand and on his arme a péece of linnen cloth And thus as he was sitting vpon a rocke wayting for his ship a certaine Fisherman espying him W. is taken disguised like a woman and supposing him to be an harlot came to him and so with striuing with him found him to be a man whereat hee wondred and began to make an outcrie against him Whereupon came great multitudes wondring at him haling and drawing him by the collar and sléeues through stones and rockes and at length laid him in a darke celler in steade of a prison Now Earle Iohn hearing of this within viij dayes after sent word that they should deliuer him and let him goe W. goeth ouer Sea So he went ouer Sea and directed letters to the Pope of the iniuries done vnto him and also into Siria vnto king Richard Vpō which complaint Pope Celestine wrote a thundering letter vnto the prelates of England that they should with book bell and candle procéed against earle Iohn and other his adherents with no lesse seueritie then if the iniuries had béene done vnto his owne person c. But none could be got to execute the commandement of the Pope And the other part wrote likewise to king Richard complayning of the abuses of the Chancellor This Bishop of Elie wrote vnto him that the French king set vp Iohn his brother to possesse his kingdome being councelled thereunto by the Templars Whereupon the K. séeing the Duke of Burgundie The K taketh truce with the Saracens the Frenchmen shrinke from him toke truce offered by the Saracens vpon the condition that if the king would restore vnto him againe Silauonia in as good state as it was when he tooke it he would graunt to him and to all Christians in the lande of Ierusalem truce for thrée yeres Not long after an 1193. the next Spring hee returned and in his iourney by the tempestes of weather about the partes of Histria The K taken in his returne from the Saracens warre and sold to the Emperour Chalices crosses and shrines sold to redeem the king in a Towne called Sinaca was there taken by Lympold Duke of the same Countrey and so solde to the Emperor for 60000. markes and was kept by him in custodie a yere and thrée monethes and at length released for 14000. Poundes which Summe of money was here gathered and made in England of Chalices Crosses Shrines and other Church
the couent of the couēt so much as apperteineth to one monke the portion of the goods being portionably deuided of the Abbot likewise as much This request was denied so that not long after the said Otho came again Cum autentico plenariae potestatis and assembled a Councell againe at London for the former purpose so that diuerse for feare many to obtaine further dignities bestowed diuers pretious rewards on him in palfreis in rich plate and iewels in costly and sumptuous garmēts richly furred in come in vittels c. Gifts to the popes Legate In so much that onely the B. of Winchester hearing that he would winter at London sent him fiftie fat oxen and a 100. coome of pure wheat and eight tunnes of chosen wine towards his house kéeping and other likewise according to their abilitie Now the time of the Councell drawing néere and the Bishops assembled Contentiō betwixt Canterbury Yorke for dignitie there fell great variance and discord betwixt the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yorke for sitting at the right hand and the left hand of the cardinall The Cardinall to pacifie thē brought foorth a certaine Bull of the Pope in the middest whereof was pictured the figure of the Crosse with the Image of Paule on the right side and Peter on the left and vpon that shewed no derogation to arise for the place or seats Whervpon from that time foorth Canterbury enioyed the right hand and Yorke the left This strife thus ended The strife ended the Cardinall preacheth vnto them and maketh such vnreasonable demaundes for the filling of his bagges that the king dreading the displeasure of his commons for the dooings of the Legate willed him to repayre home againe to Rome yet could hée not be so rid of him but that hée gleaned foure markes of euery procuration besides the rable of Friers sturred men to go to warre agaynst the Turkes whom when they had once bound with a vowe and signed them with the Crosse then send they Bulles to release them for mony Besides the Pope shamed not to aske the fifth part of euery ecclesiasticall mans liuing and also pope Gregory agréed with the citizens of Rome that if they would ioyne with him in vāquishing Fredericke the Emperor he would graunt vnto them that all the benefices of England that were and should be vacant namely pertaining to religious houses should be bestowed at their owne will commandement to their children kinsfolke whervpon within a few daies after the pope sendeth commandement to the archb of Cāterbury and foure other bishops that prouision should be made for 300. Romans in the chiefest and best benefices in all England 300. Romanes to be placed in benefices of England at the next voidance so that the archb and those bishops should be suspēded from all gifts of benefices vntill the 300. were prouided for Wherevpon the archb seing the vnreasonable oppression of the land went into Fraunce and left the realme and the rest of the Prelates comming themselues to the king desired a councell that talke might be had in the matter which being graunted they made certaine exceptions to the Popes request The Pope desireth to be strong to suppresse the Emperour Fredericke not daring directly to denie the contribution Now the occasion both of this collection of the mony and this fauour of the Romans was to the end the Pope might be sufficiently strong to suppresse the Emperour Fredericke Not long after this followed at Lions a generall Councell A Councell at Lions called by Innocent the 4. In which Councell the English nation did exhibite certaine Articles of their griefes touching the Popes great exactions and placing Italians in their benefices but their suite preuayled not for the Pope not long after that New exactiōs in England sent for new exactions to be gathered which when the King heard of hée commaunded the Bishops not to yéeld to any such matter till the returne of his Ambassadours which hée sent to the Pope touching that matter About the latter end of December the Embassadours returne and signifie the Popes high displeasure against the King whereat hée being greatly mooued caused to be proclaimed through al his realme that none héereafter should consent to any taxe of money frō the court of Rome No taxe of money out of England to Rome which comming to the popes eare he directeth his letters to the prelats of England vpon payn of his curse suspence that they should make collection of the summe of money against the feast of the assumptiō the charge of the curse being committed to the B. of Worcester to execute The K. relenteth to the pope The 3. part of churchgoods the yeerly fruit of vacant benefices to the pope This so terrified the king that what with the perswasion of the bishops other prelats he relented which made the Pope at length so past shame that he he demaunded vpon the censure of his curse the third part of the churchgoods and the yéerely fruits of al vacant benefices So that such hath béene the insatiable desire of the Romanists that in the dayes of Sudburie Archbishop of Canterbury Anno 1360. the pope by his proctors gate from the Cleargy in lesse then one yéere more thē 60000. Florins of méere contributions 60000. florins in one yeere to Rome besides c. besides his other auailes and common reuenues out of benefices prebendaries first fruits tributes peterpence collations reseruations relaxations and such merchandise About this time ann 1220. The Albingenses assailed by the pope the pope stirred vp Lodouike the yong French king through the instance of Philip his father to lay siege against the Albingenses of the city of Tholouse vtterly to extinguish them but God preserued thē and cast such a pestilence among the Frenchmen beside famine want that they were constrained to depart Simon de monte forti general of the army to whom the land of the Earle of Tholouse was giuen by the pope was slaine with a stone before the gate of the citie Ann. 1221. first entred the Frier minorites or gray Friers into the land and had their first house at Canterbury Frier minorits in England had their first patrone Franciscus which died ann 1227. and his order was cōfirmed by P. Honorius 3. an 1224. About their comming in many english men came into their order Iohannes de sancto Egidio Alexander de Hales amōg whō was Iohan. de sācto Egidio a famous phisitiō astronomer Alexander de Hales Not long after by Williā de longa Spata which was the bastard sonne of king Henry 2. and Earle of Salisbury the house of Carthusian Carthusians mōks was first founded at Heitrop anno 1222. whose wife Ela after his death founded the house of Nunnes at Lacocks there continued her selfe Abbesse of the place Not long after began the new building of the minster of Salisbury
the treasure vnder Peter Riuall so that by these all the affaires of the realme were ordered wherof the nobles cōplaining through the bishops means could haue no audience So that they sent word to the K. that vnlesse he would without al delay seclude from him Peter B of Winchester and other Alians of Pictauia they would with the cōmon cōsent of the realme displace him of his kingdome They would displace the king At which message the king was much perplexed but Winchester wrought so with him that the king warred vpon the Marshall with other of the Nobles néere two yéeres The same yéere the king builded a monastery of cōuerts A monastery of conuerts at London for the redemption of his soule and the soule of king Iohn his father and the soules of all his ancestors c. Ex Math. Paris pag. 86. After the election of Iohn Prior of Cāterbury was disanulled one Iohn Blund was elected who trauelling vp to Rome An 1233. to be confirmed of the pope was vnchosen againe for that he had receiued of Peter B. of Winchester 1000. marks and had another 1000. promised him of the said Winchester thinking by his mony to make him of his side also wrote to the Emperour to helpe forward his promotion in the court of Rome but all was in vaine After whom by the commandement of the Pope one Edmund Chanon of Salisbury was ordained Archb. and had his pal sent him from the pope which Edmund Edmund after for his vertues was canonized for a Saint Robert Grosted about which time also Robert Grosted was made bishop of Lincolne This Edmund with other bishops An. 1234. declared boldly in the name of the Lords the king being in counsell at Westminster that the counsell which then he followed was daungerous A bad counsell followed of the king both to him and the realme Adding moreouer except he would in short time reforme himselfe they would procéed by censure of the Church against him these wordes of the Bishops beyng spoken the king required a little time of respite to aduise him saying that he could not of a sudden remoue his councell from him before he had entred his accompt with them of his treasures cōmitted vnto them and so the assembly brake vp Not long after this Edmund the archb was inuested in the church of Canterbury who shortly after his consecration about the moneth of Aprill cōming with his Suffragans to the place of counsaile where the King with his Barons and Earles was assēbled put him in mind of his promise touching the reforming of matters denouncing that except hée would spéedily so doo Reformation they would procéede to the sentence of excōmunication against him those that should shew themselues enemies wherevpon the king within few daies after commaunded Winchester to leaue the court and to go to his Bishopricke moreouer hée commaunded Riuall the Bishops coosin some stories say his sonne to render vnto him his castels and to giue accompt of all his treasures and so to voyd the realme The kings courage swearing moreouer vnto him that if he were not beneficed and within orders of the Church hée would haue caused both his eies to be pulled out of his head He expelled also the Pictauians sent Edmund Pictauians expelled the Archbishop with Chester and Rochester to intreate of peace with Leolin and Richard Earle marshall and others But in the meane time while these things were doing in England Richard Earle marshal by the falshood of the Bish of Winchester and Peter Riuall forging the kinges letters to the Irishmen against him and partly by the conspiracie of Gilbert de Morisco was circumuented by the Irishmen in warre and there taken and wounded and by them through the meanes of his Surgion slaine About this time great slaughter was of thē which are called Catini about the parts of Almaine Catini in Asmaine slaine they were estéemed of pope Gregorie and the papistes for heretikes but what their opinions were it is not certaine Parisi In like sort Albingenses slaine the Albingenses in great number were slain by pope Gregory in a certaine plain in Spaine Paris fo 87 The king hearing of the death of the Earle marshal made great lamentation for him At Glocester the Archb. with the bishops declared to the K the conditions of peace desired that he would be reconciled to the Nobles those hée had banished the Realme Whervpon the King directed his letters and gaue safeconduct to all the exiles that they shoulde repaire to him about the beginning of Iune at Glocester Wherevppon first commeth to the King Hubert Hubert commeth to the K offering himselfe to the kinges goodwill and fauour whom the king with chéerefull countenance embraced restoring vnto him all that hée had taken from him of liuing and possessions and after him came others that were imbraced of the king and receiued into fauour againe Reconciliation and those that were before high in the Kinges fauor reproued and reiected and among other matters for the death of the Earle marshal The same yéere the peace grew in England Dissention betwixt the pope the Romans dissentiō fel at Rome betwixt the Pope and the Romanes for that the Citizens claimed by olde custome that it was not lawfull for the pope to excommunicat any citizen The Pope greater then any man nor suspend the citie with any interdiction for any maner excesse The Pope answered that he is lesse thā God but greater than any mā therefore greater then any Citizen yea greater then King or Emperor and forsomuch as he is their spiritual father he ought and lawfully may chastise his children For this and other controuersies such dissention arose that the pope with his cardinals remoued to Perusium but the Romans ouerthrew diuers of his houses in the citie Wherefore he did excommunicate them The Romanes then flying to the Emperor desired his aide but he gathered an army and to pleasure the Pope went against them and ioyned with the Popes army whose Captains were the Earle of Tholouse to purchase the popes fauour and Peter the foresaid B. of Winchest who ioyning together with the emperour vexed the citizens greatly who with the nūber of a hundred thousand without order issuing out with purpose to destroy Viterbium the popes cities were destroied thēselues in great number of their enimies On both partes were slaine 30. Romans slayn thousand But the most part were of the Citizens This dissention continued long after In the time of this Gregory 9. ann 1230. the schisme of the Church brake out into a plaine diuision Schisme of the East Chhrch from the West vtterly disseuering the East Church from the West vppon this occasion There was a certaine Archbishop elected to a Bishopricke among the Grecians who comming to Rome to bée confirmed could not be admitted without a great summe of money which when he refused to pay and
slender and an impertinent answere In the yéere 1244. Iewes the French king sonne to quéene Blāch fell very sicke lying in a swound or trance for certaine daies that some said he was dead his mother amongst the company superstitiously giuen went brought a péece of the holy crosse with the crowne and speare which péece of the holy crosse Baldwinus Emp. of Constantinople whom the Grecians had deposed a litle before for holding with the B. of Rome had sold to the Frēch king for a great summe of mony and blessed him with the same also laid the crowne and speare to his body making a vowe withall in the person of her sonne that if the Lord would visit him with health and release him of that infirmitie hée should be marked with the crosse to visit his sepulcher Thus as shée with the Bishop of Paris and other was praying the King with a sigh began to plucke to his armes and legs and so stretching himselfe began to speake giuing thankes to God that had deliuered him from death And assone as he was well recouered The French King receiueth the signe of the crosse receiued the signe of the crosse vowing for a fréewill sacrifice that he would in his owne person visit the holy land After that great preparation was made thorough out Fraunce for the iourney The most part of the Nobles crossing themselues after the example of the king The Frenchmens example moued William longa Spata with the Bishop of Worcester The voyage of the holy land and certaine Gentlemen to the same iourney Anno 1248. the feast of Iohn Baptist drew nigh which was the time appointed for the setting foorth and nothing wanted thereto sauing the variance betwixt Frederike the Emperour and the Pope which he thought good to séeke to appease that he might haue both safer passage through the Emperours countrey and lesse ieopardy might be at home The Pope refuseth al agreement with the Pope But the Pope would not in any sort come to agréement although the Emperour offered him whatsoeuer amendes hée woulde require and if the Pope could not abide his tarrying in his owne dominions and empire he said he woulde go fight against the Saracens and Turkes neuer to return into Europe againe there to recouer lands and kingdomes whatsoeuer did at any time belong vnto Christendome so that the Pope would be onely contented that Henrie his sonne should be Emperour after him Neither could this be admitted Then he offered for truth of his promise to put in the French king and the king of England for his sureties or els for triall of his cause to stande to their arbitrement Neyther woulde that bée graunted At last hée desired that hée might come himselfe and answere before the Councell which the Pope also refused Paris fol. 187. Anno 1225. The French king finding no fauour at the Popes hand Damiata won from the Turks for the Emperour taketh his leaue of him at Lions with heauinesse and proceeded in his iourney and hauing nowe taken Damiata the Soldan sent vnto the king by certaine that were about him offering to the Christians the quiet and ful possession of the holy land and all the kingdome of Hierusalem and besides other infinite treasure of gold and siluer or what els soeuer might pleasure them Onely vppon condition that they woulde restore againe Damiata with the captiues there and so woulde ioyne together in mutuall peace and amitie c. It was also firmly spoken that the Soldan with most of his nobles were intended to leaue the law of Mahomet and imbrace the faith of Christ so that they might quietly enioy their landes and possessions But they had commaundement from the Pope by his legate The pope hindreth the peace that if any such offers shoulde be made they should not in any case accept of them Paris fol. 233. But afterward the Soldan growing to bee more confident refused that which before he had offered and in conclusion the army of the Christians was wholly destroyed The armie of Christians wholy destroied by the Saracens and the French king with his two brethren taken prisoners the King was raunsomed at sixtie thousand marks and Damiata deliuered againe vpon condition that the Soldan shoulde sée him safely conducted to Achon 80000. Christians perisheth in the warres against the Turkes The number of Christians that perished in that iourney were 80000. persons Paris fol. 237 238. After this ouerthrow of the French king and his army the Christians of Antioch and of other Christian regions gaue ouer their holdes and cities In the raigne of Henrie the third was the good Emperour Federike the second vexed of the Popes first of Innocentius the third to whom with his dominions hée was in his minoritie committed by his mothers testament thinking thereby to haue safely prouided for him But this Pope so soone as hée had protection of the young Emperour and his seigniories became a false Traytour against him and stirred vp Sibill the late wife of Tancredus whome Henrie put from the kingdome of Sicilie to recouer the same againe procured the ayd of the French K. therunto At which time the worthy protector Innocent 3. sent his legats with letters of excōmunication against such that wold not admit one Walterus who had married with the eldest daughter of Tancredus for their king and also absolued the Princes electors and other Nobles from their oath which they had made to Henricus touching the establishing of his son in the empire and wrote his Epistle to the Duke Barthold of Zaringia to be Emperour which he refusing hée went about to procure that Otho the sonne of Henrie Leo should be made Emperour But Frederick now growing to mans estate gathered his powre and pursued Otho Fredericke crowned Emperour by pope Honorius who anon after died and so he was crowned Emperour of Honorius the Pope that succéeded Innocentius and was of him consecrated and called Augustus After his consecration he gaue many great giftes Gifts to the Church of Rome assured by his charter to the church of Rome the dukedome of Fundanum hée gaue moreouer and remitted what constitutions the Pope would desire whereby what soeuer he were which for the diminution of the liberties of the church were excommunicated and so continued a yéeres space that then he should be within daunger of proscription and not be released without satisfactiō made and that he were admitted by the Pope to the Church againe A while after Frederike departing from Rome certain conspirators both bishops others against the emperor fled to Honorius for succour Which when Frederik vnderstood he began to expostulate with the B. considering the vnséemlinesse of that his fact the pope on the other side Honorius curseth the Emp. Frederike thundered out his curses and excommunications against him Nicholaus Cisnerus affirmeth that whilest Frederike the Emperor was in Sicilia his wife Constantia died at Catrana or Catana In
condemned and burned for the trueth at Tower hil so that since the time of Richard the 2. Iohn Goose martyr there was no king hitherto in whose raigne some godly man or other had not suffered the paines of fire for the testimonie of Christ This godlie man being entertained in the Sherifes house before he wēt to execution desired some meate and eating he said to those about him I eat now a good and competent dinner for I shall passe a little sharpe shower before I go to supper And hauing dined he gaue thanks and requested that he might shortly be led to the place where he should yelde his spirit to God Ex Polychro Anno 1437. died Sigismund the Emperor in Morania after whom succéeded Albert D. of Austrich who in the second yere of his reigne died After whom succéeded Fredericus 3. Duke of Austria an 1440. After Fred. vnto whome the Germanes complayned in vain of the oppressions of the P. succéeded his sonne Maximiliā An. 1476. the B of Herbipolis condemned and burned for an heretike one Iohn a neat-heard I. a neat-heard because he held that the life of the clergie was abhominable before God Ex Munst An. 1479. one Ioh. de Wesalia was forced to reuoke these articles being greatly hated by the Thomistes I. de Wesalia recanteth That men he saued fréelie thorough méere grace by faith in Christ That frée will is nothing That only the word of God is to be beléeued and not the glosse of any man or fathers That the word of God is to be expounded by comparing weying one place with another That Prelates haue no power geuen them to expound Scriptures by any peculiar right more than another That mens traditions as fastings pardons feasts c. are to be reiected That extreme vnctiō cōfirmatiō are to be reiected That confessiō with satisfaction is to be reprehended That the primacie of the P. is vaine c. He was complained of by the Thomistes who were reals and greatly hated the nominals vnto Diethrus Nominais Reals archb of Mentz His articles being examined by the Diuines of Heydelberge and Colen were condemned and he compelled to recant Ex Ost Grat. An. 1484. died P. Sixtus the fourth a very monster of nature of whom writeth Platina that vniustlie he vexed all Italie with warre and dissention Agrippa wryting of him saith that among all the Baudes of these other later dayes which were buylders of Brothelhouses this Sixtus 4. surmounted all other who at Rome erected Stewes of double abhomination not only of women but also c. Whereupon no small gaine redounded to his cofers for euery such common harlotte in Rome paid to him a Iulie péece Reuenes of the Pope from the stewes of Rome the sum wherof grew in the yere somewhile to 20000 at length to 40000. duckets He was a man rather borne to war then to religion as saith Carion for he warred against Vitelius Tiphernates against the Florentines Venetiās whom he excommunicated and absolued not till he died Also against Colonienses against Ferdinandus K. of Apulia and Duke of Calabria also against other nations and princes Ex Ioh. Laziardo This Sixtus was a speciall Patrone of begging Friers Begging friers granting them to enioy reuenewes in this world and in the world to come euerlasting life Among which Friers there was one named Alanus de Rupe Alanus de Rupe a black frier which made the Rosarie of our Ladies Psalter The Rosarie of our Ladies Psalter and erected a new fraternitie vpon the same called Fraternitas Coronariorum Fraternitas coronariorum pertayning to the order of the Dominikes of which order Iacobus Sprenger one of the condemners of Iohannes de Wesalia was a great aduauncer and especially this Sixtus the fourth who gaue vnto the saide Fraternitie large Priuiledges Concerning the institution of this Rosarie there was a booke set forth about the yere 1480. In the beginning whereof it is declared The institution of the Rosarie that the blessed virgin entered into the Cell of Alanus and was so familiar with him that she did there espouse him for her husbande and kissed him with her heauenly mouth opened vnto him her Pappes and poured great plentie of her owne milke into his mouth For the confirmation whereof the saide Alanus did sweare déepelie cursing himselfe if it were not thus as he had made relation This booke being in Latine printed beareth this title Rosareae Augustissimae Christiferae Mariae Corona And in the front it sheweth the name of Iodocus Bisselenis a noble man of Aquine After that this pope Sixtus had vnderstanding that Hercules Estensis duke of Ferraria had ioined peace with Venetians against his will he was so gréeued thereat Sixtus dieth for anger Platina a shamefull flatterer of the Popes that for rancor of mind within fiue daies after he died About which time also died Platina a shameful flatterer and bearer with the wicked liues of the Popes Anno 1483. Edward 4. died after he had raigned two and twentie yéeres whom succéeded Edward 5. who with his brother Richard was slaine by one Iames Tyrell Iohn Dighton and Miles Forest Richard 3. the vsurper by the suborning of Richard the third vsurper who proclaimed himselfe King Anno 1483. in the moneth of Iune the sixt of Iuly was crowned Richard raigned but two yéeres and two moneths being ouerthrowne of Henry 7. who succéeded him an 1485. Henry 7. king and raigned 23. yéeres and eight moneths Anno 1494. died Frederike who had raigned 53. yéeres after whom succéeded Maximilian his sonne who raigned seuen yéeres wit his father Frederike This Maximilian set vp the vniuersitie of Wittemberg Maximilian the founder of the vniuersitie of Wittēberg and was excellently well learned himselfe was the cause why diuerse gaue themselues to learning namely to searching out of Histories whereto the Emperor was giuen himselfe wrote diligently in the Latine toonge his owne acts as did Iulius Caesar The men who florished by his meanes were Cuspinianus Nauclerus Cōradus Pentingerus Learned men flourished in Maximilianus time Mātius others In that age also excelled Baptista mantuanus Angel Politianus Hermolaus Barbarus Picus Mirandula and Franciscus his cosin Rodulphus Agricola Pontanus Philippus Beroaldus Marsilius Ficinus Volaterranus Georgius Valla with infinite other Amongst whom also is to be numbred Veselus Groningensis otherwise named Basilius who was not long after Iohn de Wesalia both much about one time and both great fréends together This Veselus died anno 1490. he was so notable and so worthy a man that of the people he was called Lux mundi Veselus a learned man called Lux Mundi the light of the world he did disallow the popish doctrine of confession and satisfaction in the matter of repentance likewise he did disproue both at Rome and at Paris purgatorie supererogation of workes and pardons and Popes Indulgences hée disalowed
incontinent after the suffering of Quéene Anne the king within iij. daies after married Ladie Iane Seimer About this time Paule iij. Bishop of Rome appoynted a generall counsell at Mantua in Italie requiring all kinges and princes to be there present in person or to sende their Ambassadours pretending to suppresse heresies to reforme the Church and to warre against the Turke To this Councell the king refused either to come The king refuseth the general counsel at Mantua or to send Ambassadour and made his protestation against the sea of Rome A litle before the death of Quéen Anne there was a parlament at Westminster wherein was giuen to the king by generall consent of the Abbots all such houses of religion as were vnder iij. hundred marks Certaine houses of religion giuen to the king which did prognosticate what would befall the rest Shortly after the marriage of the king with the Ladie Iane Seimer in the moneth of Iune during the continuance of the Parlament by the consent of the Cleargie in the Conuocation house in Paules Church a booke was set out containing certain Articles of religion necessarie to be taught to the people Articles of religion to be taught the people wherein they treated specially but of thrée sacraments baptisme penance and the Lordes supper where also diuers things were published concerning alteration of certaine points of religion and certaine holie daies forbidden many Abbeies agréed on to be suppressed For the which cause a Monke named Doct. Mackrell naming himself Captain Cobler stirred vp to rebell the number of xxvi thousand in Lincolne shire Rebellion suppressed which was quietly suppressed Also he raysed an other of xl thousand Yorkshire men by stirring vp of Monkes and priestes They called their rebellion an holy pilgrimage which was also by the great prouidence of God quieted without bloodshed At that time diuers priests which were stirrers vp of the people were executed Anno 1537. 1537 Prince Edward borne Queene Iane dieth The moneth of October was borne Prince Edward shortly after whose birth Quéene Iane his mother the second day after died in childbed and left the king a widower who so continued the space of two yéeres together By reason of the kings departure from the pope the Emperour the French king and Scottes beganne to ruffle against him but hearing of the byrth of Prince Edwarde and vnderstanding of the death of Quéene Iane whereby the king was a widower Ruffelings against the K. easily calmed and the bruite béeing that hée would matche with the Germanes they began to be calme againe Anno 1536 The king began with a little booke of articles The K. articles for the instruction of the people bearing this title Articles deuised by the kings highnes to stablish christian quietnesse vnitie among the people It contained the Créede iij. sacraments how images might safely be worshipped and how saints departed ought to be reuerēced that the parsons should teach their people that Christ is their only mediator how the ceremonies of holy water holy bread candles c. shoulde without superstition bée vsed It tooke away also the abuses which rose vpon the imagination of Purgatory as Masses for soules departed pardons c. Not long after these Articles certaine other Iniunctions were also geuen out about the same yere Whereby a number of holidayes were abrogated A number of Holidaies abrogated and especially such as fel in haruest time After these Iniunctions other mo followed afterward geuen out by the king concerning Images Reliques and blinde miracles For abrogating of Pilgrimages deuised by superstition and mainteined for lucres sake Scripture in English Also for the Lords prayer beléefe and tenne commaundements and the Bible to be had in English Anno 1538. yet againe other Articles were set out whereby both the Parsons of Churches and the Parishes together were bound to prouide in euery Church to buye a Bible in English Also for euery Parishioner to be taught by the Minister to vnderstand say the Lordes prayer and Créede in their owne vulgar tongue with other necessarie and most fruitfull Iniunctions As for the frée preaching of the word of God against Images pilgrimages for a Register booke in euery Church A Register booke in euerie Church against Beckets day knelling Auies Suffrages of Saints c. This yere was Frier Forrest burned quicke hanging in chaines in Smithfield He denied the kinges supremacie and was conuict of diuers other damnable articles He was an obseruant Frier With this Forrest was Daruell Gatheren an abhominable Idoll of wales burned and it fulfilled a blinde prophesie that it should set a Forrest on fire He tooke his death very vnpatiently In the moneths of October Nouember the same yere the religious houses by the speciall motion of the L. Cromwell were from the very foundations rooted vp Religious houses from the foundation rooted vp Immediatly after the ruine and destruction of Monasteries the same yere in the moneth of Nouember followed the condemnation of Iohn Lambert the faithfull seruant of Iesus Christ This Lambert Ioh. Lambert being borne and brought vp in Norfolke was first conuerted by Bilney and studied in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge from whence through the violence of the time he departed to the partes beyonde the Seas to Tindall and Frith and there remayned the space of a yere and more being Preacher to the English house at Antwerpe till he was disturbed by Sir Thomas Moore and through the examination of one Barlowe was carried from Antwerpe to London where he was brought to bee examined First at Lambeth then at the Bishops house at Oxforde before Warham Archbishop of Caunterbury and other aduersaries hauing 45. Articles layde against him 45. Articles against Lābert concerning the Sacraments of orders of penance of confession cōcerning vnwritten verities purgatorie prayer to Saintes pilgrimage lent fast Images praying for soules departed preaching without licence of Bishops the Popes excommunication Scripture in the mother tongue iustification by faith onely concerning the Councell of Constance the number of Sacraments the power of Peter the power of the pope c. Whereto Iohn Lambert made a large and learned answere and constantly testified the trueth of the same points agréeable to the Scriptures He was moreouer required to bewray his fellowes which hee refused to doe with great boldnesse These answeres of Lambert were deliuered to Doctor Warham Archbishop of Canterburie about the yere 1532. at what time he was in custodie in the Bishops house at Oxford from whence the next yere through the death of the Archbishoppe he was deliuered After Warhā succéeded D. Crāmer Lambert in the meane time being deliuered returned to Lond. taught childrē about the Stocks Anno. 1538. It happened that Lambert was present at a Sermon in Saint Peters Church in London preached by Doctor Taylor who after was a Cōfessour of Iesus Christ with whom after the Sermon Lambert went and talked
no money for baptizing of infants 10. The L praier and Creed in the English tongue That they should both learn teach the Lords prayer and the Créede in the English tongue 11. That al should ioyne together after one vniforme order in their Ministerie 12. That with a modest voyce they should sing in the Church 13. That all Holidayes should be celebrated at one time 14. That the Sabboth day be reuerently obserued 15. That the seuen houres Canonicall be euery day obserued 16. That the Rogation dayes both greater and lesser should not be omitted 17. That the feast of Saint Gregorie and Saint Augustine our Patron should be obserued 18. That the Feast of the foure times shoulde be kept 19. That Monks and Nunnes should goe regularlie apparrelled 20. That Bishops should sée these Decrées not to be neglected 21. That the Churchmen should not geue themselues to drunkennes 22. That the communion shoulde not be neglected of the Churchmen 23. That the same also should be obserued of the Lay men as time required 24. That Lay men shoulde first be wel tried before they enter into Monkerie 25. That almes be not neglected 26 That Bishops should sée these decrées notified to the people 27 They disputed also of the profite of almesse 28 Of the profite of singing Psalmes 29 That the congregation should be constitute after the habilitie of their goods 30 That Monkes should not dwell among lay men 31 That the publike prayer should be made for Kings and Princes These decrées among them concluded Cutbert Cutbert the Archbishop sendeth the copie thereof to Boniface Boniface the Pope an Englishman otherwise called Winfride an English man that was then Archbishop of Mentz This Boniface wrote a letter to Ethelbald who was present at the former Synod Boniface a great maintainer of nunnes admonishing him of his vicious life of his Nobles wantonnes euen with the Nunnes of which order this Boniface was a great setter vp maintainer afterward This Ethelbald after the departing of K. Celulph to his monkery spoiled the country of Northumberland and exercised mortall warre a great while against Cudred of some called Cutbert K. of West-saxons who encountering with Ethelbald that had the greater power by means of a certaine warriour a Consull called Edellim ouerthrew him Notwithstanding the next yéere he renewed battell was slaine of one Beornered after he had raigned 41. yéeres in Mercia where Beornered raigned after in that dition but a small time For Offa nephew to the said Ethelbald expulsed Beornered and succéeded king in that prouince of Mercia after he had raigned 39. yéeres Boniface before mētioned Religious fathers permitted to carry Nunnes about with them a preaching permitted religious fathers to carry about nunnes with them a preaching founded many monasteries canonized many Saints Among other he founded the great monastery of Fulde in Germany of English monkes into the which no women might enter but Libda Tecla Libda Tecla two English nunnes He deposed Childericus king of Fraunce by authoritie from Pope Zacharie Childerike deposed by the Pope and Pipinus the betrayer of his Maister was confirmed From this Boniface procéeded that detestable doctrine that although the Pope led with him innumerable soules into Hell A detestable doctrine of Boniface yet ought no man to rebuke him In the time of this Archbishop Pope Gregory the second Great maisteries wrought against the Greeke Emp. by Popes Philippicus the Emp. lost both his eyes and Empyre also Gregory the third and pope Zacharie and before these Pope Constantine the first wrought great maisteries against the Gréeke Emperours Philippicus and Leo and others for the maintayning of Images to be set vp in the Churches of whom Philippicus lost both his eies and his Empire Leo for the same cause was excommunicated of Gregory the third This Gregory the third is like to be he which wrote the 4. bookes of Dialogs in Gréeke falsly bearing the name of Gregory the first which bookes afterward Zacharie his successor translated into Latine Also this Gregory the third brought into the Masse Canon The clause for reliques the memoriall and offerings for the dead the clause for Reliques beginning Quorum solemnitates hodie in conspectu c. Item he brought into the same the memoriall the offering and sacrifice for the dead Like as Zacharie brought in the Priests vesture and ornaments And Constantinus the first The Priests vesture was he that gaue his féete to be kissed of the Emperour Constantinus the first gaue his feete to be kissed of the Emperour In the time of Egbert king of Northumberland Sigibert or Sigbert raigned in the West Saxonie and was for his cruelty deposed and wandering in a wood alone without comfort was slaine by the Swineherd of the earle Combranus whome hée before had slaine for giuing him counsell to gouerne his people and himselfe after a better sort This Sigebert beyng slaine in his place succéeded Kenulphus Anno 748. who with the agréement of the West-saxons was one of the chéefe doers against Sigebert his master Kenulphus reigned 31. yéeres till hée resorted to a paramour of his whō he kept at Merton where he was beset and slaine by a kinsman of Sigebert named Clito or Cliton Moreouer in the raigne of the foresaid Egbert king of Northumberland and the eight yéere of Kenulphus king of West Saxons Offa after he had slaine the tyrant Beornredus who before had slaine Ethelwald king of Mercia vncle to this foresaid Offa reigned king of that prouince Offa had such displeasure against the citizens of Canterburie that he remoued the Arthbishops sea and the lands of Lambrith Archbish of Canterbury by the agréement of Pope Adrian vnto Lichfield Lambrith to Lichfield About the later time of the raigne of Offa king of Mercia Ethelbert king of Eastangels came to sue to marrye with Offas daughter but the Quéene suspecting worse matter without cause caused him to be beheaded hauing trained him into a conuenient place by one Gnimbertus the yeere 793. but the Quéene liued not thrée moneths after and at her death was so tormented that shée bit and rent her tongue asunder with her téeth The K. giueth the tenth of his goods to the Church And Offa vnderstanding of the innocencie of this king gaue the tenth part of his owne good to holye Churche and to the Church of Hereford in remembrance of this Ethelbert he bestowed great lands Moreouer hee builded the abbey of Saint Albones c and went after to Rome to doe penance where he gaue to the Church of Saint Peter a peny through euery house in his dominion which was commonly called Romescot or Peter-pence Romescot or Peter-pence and there at length was transformed from a King to a Monke Anno 794. with Kenredus king of Northumberland although some denie that hée was a Monke After Offa when he had reigned 39. yéeres succéeded
Egfretus his sonne who raigned but foure monethes next Egfret succéeded Kenulphus in the kingdom of Mercia who made warre against the Cantuarites and tooke Egbert their king called Wren whom he bound and led prisoner to Mercia but vpon the dedication of a Church which hee builded he released him out of prison Next to Pope Zacharie followed Pope Stephen the second to whom Pipinus the French king to gratifie the Pope gaue to the sea of Rome the princedome of Rauenna the kingdome of the Lombards and manie other great possessions of Italie The donation of Pipine the traitor and murtherer Inuention of Organs with all the cities thereto adioyning vnto the borders of Venice and this is like to the donation which they say was giuen of Constantine To this Pipinus was sent into France the inuention of Organs out of Gréece by Costantine Emperour of Constantinople Anno 757. Next to Stephen the second succéeded Paul the first in the Papacie who thundered against Constantine the emperor of Constantinople for abrogating of images but hee continued constant in his purpose notwithstanding to the end of his life These came to bee Popes Constantinus the seconde a Laie man Pope deposed his eies out and brother to Desiderius the king of Lombardie for the which cause hée was shortly deposed and thrust into a Monasterie hauing his eyes put out In whose steade succeeded Stephen the third who condemned the seuenth Councell of Constantinople for hereticall because in that Councell the woorshipping of Images was condemned Pope striueth for images and contrarily caused them to be worshipped and incensed At this time Charles the great beganne to raigne by whom the Pope caused Desiderius the Lombard king to bee depriued Next vnto Stephen succeeded Hadrianus the first who gaue more veneration to images then any before him writing a booke in commendation and vtilitie of their adoration Images laie mens kalender commaunding them to be taken for lay mens kalenders holding a synode at Rome against Felix and al other that spake against images and as Paul the first before him had made much of the body of Petronella S. Peters daughter So this Hadrian clothed the body of S. Peter all in siluer Cost vpon Images and couered the altar of S. Paul with a pall of gold This Hadrian did confirme the order of Saint Gregories Masse before the order of S. Ambrose for vnto the time 800. Strife for Gregories masse the Liturge of S. Ambrose was more vsed in the Italian Churches but this Bishop burnt the bookes of Ambrose seruice into ashes and threwe into prison many priests that would not consent vnto him Now Eugenius cōming 3. daies after the councell ended perswaded the pope to call the councell againe agréed that both the bookes of Gregory and Ambrose should be laied vpon the altar of Peter and Paule and the Church dores shut and sealed they should all the night giue themselues to prayer that God might giue a token whether were more to be allowed Now on the morning A miracle falsly interpreted they found Gregories masse booke plucked one péece from another and scattered ouer all the Church and onely Ambroses booke open vpon the altar where they had laide it This miracle Pope Adrian did interprete on his owne side side that as the leaues were scattered ouer the Church so should Gregories booke bée vsed through the worlde and Ambrose his book should onely be kept at his owne Church at Mediolanum where hee sometime was Bishop Carolus magnus did confirme his fathers gift and deuotion to the Pope adding moreouer therevnto the Citie and dominion of Venice Histria the Dukedome of Foroiuliense the Dukedome Spoletanū and Beneuentanum and other possessions mo to the patrimonie of saint Peter and the Pope to requite him made him Patricium Romanum and ordeined him onely to be taken for Emperour of Rome Carolus being proclaymed Emperour the Empire was translated from the Grecians to the Frenchmen an 801. The Empire translated to the French A B C Monasteries and continued so 102. yeres or thereabout till the comming of Conradus and his Neuew Otho which were Germās This Charles builded so many Monasteries as there bée letters in the A.B.C. He helde a Councell at Franckforde wherein was condemned the Councell of Nice and Irene for setting vp and worshipping of Images Anno 784. Irene Empresse of the Gréekes through the meanes of Pope Hadrian tooke vp the body of Constantine Emperour of Constantinople Irene the Greeke Empresse a maintainer of Images her owne husbandes father and when she had burned the same she caused the ashes to be cast into the Sea because he disanulled Images Afterward she raigned with her sonne Constantine the sixt sonne to Leo the fourth The cruell Irene who was also excommunicated for taking away Images and being at dissention with him she caused him to be taken and laid in prison and afterward through power of fréends being restored was at the last againe cast into prison The Emp. eies pulled out by his mother and had his eyes pulled out so cruelly that within short space he died After this the Empresse by the counsel of Therasius Bishop of Constantinople held a Counsell at Nicea wherin it was decreed that Images again should be restored to the Church which Charles afterward repealed at Frankford At length shée was deposed by Nicephorus who succeeded her and ended her life in much penurie Monasteries erected and founded in England In the space of 200 yéeres these monasteries following began to be founded in the land Paules Churche at London was founded by Ethelbert King of Kent and Sigebert king of Essex about the yéere 604. The first Crosse Altar was set vp in the North parts in Heuenfield vpon occasion of Oswalde King of Northūberlandes fighting against Cadwall where he in the same place set vp the signe of the Crosse knéeling praying there for victorie an 635. The Church of Winchester was first begun and founded by Kinigilsus king of Mercia hauing nine myles about it And afterwarde finished by his Sonne Kewalcus where Owen of Englishmen was the first Bishop Anno 636. The Church of Lincolne was first founded by Paulinus Bishop an 629. The Church of Westminster began first by a certaine citizen of London through the instigation of Ethelbert king of Kent which before was an Ile full of Thornes anno 614. The common Schooles were first erected at Cambridge Common schooles at Cambridge by Sigebert king of East-angles an 636. The Abbey of Knonisburie buylded by Furceus the Eremite an 637 The Monasterie of Malmsburie by one Meldulsus a Scot an 640. And after enlarged by Agilbert Bishop of Winchester The Abbey of Glocester first buylded by Offricus king of Mercia as Cestrensis saith But as William Malmsburie wryteth by Vlferus and Etheldred brethren to Kineburga Abbesse of the same house in the yere of our Lord 679 The Monasterie of Maylerose
the vttermost and wasteth all the countrie about Rome The pope dieth for anger wherewith the Pope was so dismaide that beyng in dispaire to obtaine his purpose hée died for very anger and thought This Gregory brought into the Church much horrible impietie blasphemy wickednes among others brought in that most detestable Canticle Salue Regina brought into the Church Salue Regina in which hée attributeth the honour and worshippe onely due to Iesus Christ vnto the virgin his mother This is hée in whose name the booke of the Decretals The decretals was set out a sinke of folly and impietie Pope Celestine Pope dieth After this Gregory was placed Celestine borne in Mediolanum among the Castellians who as Blondus declared by fained promises offered a league with Fredericke and the 18. day after he was created he died Now Fredericke thinking himselfe void of feare lenieth an army against the Tartarians An army against the Tartarians for the reliefe of the Christians who hearing of the comming of the Emperour returned another way by the riuer Danubius to Tanricia and so through the fennes of Meotida and by the riuer Tanaum into Sarmatia Asiatica After Celestine the cardinals made choyse of Simbaldus a Genouais for pope whom they called Innocentius the 4. Innocentius 4. which election Fredericke was well pleased with as hée signified by letters and Legates gratulatorie to the pope The legats of Frederick with the furtherance of Baldronius Emperour of Constantinople laboured very diligently for conclusion of promised peace but all in vaine for while the Emperours legats attended for answer of peace Ramerus the Cardinall went secretly and tooke Viterbium which was on the Emperours part The Emperour notwithstanding there séemed no hope of peace doubted not but if he might himselfe speake with the Pope he vpon reasonable conditions should well inough accord with him wherefore he desired him by his legats to appoint a place where the Emperour might speake with him The Emperour seeketh peace The Pope will none The Pope séemed to be content therewith but on a sudden went to Lyons and called a councell and with a lowd voice sommoneth Frederick and appointing him a day commaunded him there personally to appeare to pleade his cause The Emperour agréed but required conuenient time to trauaile thether The pope would not so much as graunt 3. dayes but being both iudge and accuser Pope iudge accuser condemneth him before he could come thether without proofe of any crime or his cause suffered to be pleaded But Gods iudgement failed him not for the writers of the annals accord that when Frederick the Emperour and Conradus his sonne were dead and the pope gaping for the inheritance of Naples and Sicil and thinking by force to subdue the same coming to Naples with a great armie of men there was heard manifestly in the Popes court a voice pronouncing these wordes Thou wretch come to receiue thy iudgemēt A voice heard Thou wretch come and receiue thy iudgement And the next day the pope was found dead all blacke and blew as though he had bin beaten with battes When the Emperour had vnderstanding of this cruell sentence he signified the iniurie to all Christian Princes by his letters and prouided euery way to withstand the P. and his confederats and after diuers aduenturs variablenes of thinges The Emp. dieth hee came into a certaine castle of his in Apulia called Florentinum where hee fell sicke of an ague and died Hauing had purpose as Pandolphus Colonuthius writeth of some maruellous exploite great attempt Frederike died willingly and gladly in the yéere 1240. the 13. day of December the 57. yéere of his age and 37. of his raigne and was buried at Panorium The pope counted him an enemie of the Church and so both Innocentius the fourth pronounced him and the same sentence haue other Popes registred in their 6. Booke of decretals and established the same for a law that he ought to bee taken for no lesse In the Countrey of Sueuia about the time of Frederike the second anno 1240. or néere about the same were manie preachers Preachers bold against Pope which preached fréely against the Pope preached that he was an heretike and that his bishops Prelats were Simoniakes and heretikes and that the inferiour priestes had no authoritie to binde and loose but were seducers and that such cities and countries as were then vnder the popes curse might notwithstanding lawfully resort to the receiuing of the sacrament as wel as before Item that Friers Dominick Franciscan did subuert the church with their preaching c. And not long after these rose vp Arnoldus de noua villa Arnoldus de noua villa was condemned a Spaniard a man famously learned a great writer ann 1250. whom the pope condemned amōg heretikes for holding and writing against the corrupt errors of the popish church His teaching was that christiā people are led by the pope into hel Item that cloisterers are voyd of charitie and denyed that masses are not to be celebrated that they ought not to do sacrifice for the dead c. And as this Arnoldus was condemned so likewise the same time Iohannes Seneca Iohannes Seneca appealeth from the pope to a Councell the glosewriter of the popes decrées and prouost of Halberster was excommunicated and depriued of of his prouostship for resisting Pope Clement the fourth gathering certaine exactions in Germanie and therefore hée appealed from the Pope to a generall Councell and had manie great fauourers on his side till at last both the Pope and he died After this folowed Guilielmus de sancto amore G. de sancto amore against the Pope a Master of Paris and a chiefe Ruler then of that Vniuersitie Al testimonies of Scripture that make against Antichrist he applyeth them against the cleargie of Prelates and against the popes spiritualtie The same Guilielmus is thought to be the author of the Booke which is attributed to the Schoole of Paris and intituled De periculis ecclesiae De periculis Ecclesiae where he proueth by thirtie and nine arguments that friers be false Apostles 39. arguments that Friers be false Apostles Hee was by Antichrist and his rablement condemned for an heretike exiled and his bookes burned In the dayes of this Guilielmus there was a most detestable and blasphemous booke set foorth by the Friers mētioned also in Matthias Parisiensis which they called Euangelium aeternum Spiritus sancti Euangelium aeternum spiritus sancti the euerlasting Gospell or the Gospell of the holie Ghost In which booke many abhominable errors of the Papistes were conteyned so that the Gospel of Iesus Christ was vtterly defaced Which sayde booke was not to be compared to this euerlasting Gospel no more then the shell was to be compared to the kernel The shell to the kernell or the darkenesse to light c.