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soldier_n for_o you_o be_v indeed_o the_o stock_n out_o of_o which_o our_o sovereign_n shall_v choose_v his_o military_a commander_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v the_o less_o need_n of_o such_o person_n as_o i_o be_o who_o the_o world_n nickname_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n remember_v it_o be_v not_o your_o native_a courage_n and_o valour_n though_o that_o be_v a_o essential_a part_n though_o every_o one_o of_o you_o be_v as_o stout_a as_o ever_o hector_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o will_v serve_v your_o turn_n it_o be_v knowledge_n in_o martial_a affair_n that_o you_o be_v to_o learn_v and_o though_o the_o art_n of_o war_n be_v a_o practical_a one_o yet_o the_o theory_n be_v so_o needful_a that_o without_o it_o you_o may_v be_v common_a soldier_n good_a enough_o but_o not_o good_a commander_n you_o be_v to_o know_v more_o than_o
against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n dedicate_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n examine_v 178_o chap._n vii_o of_o gunpowder_n artillery_n its_o general_n and_z train_z 187_o chap._n viii_o of_o muster_n and_o muster-master_n of_o pay_n proviant_a and_o service_n of_o treasurer_n commissary_n and_o proviant-master_n and_o of_o the_o military_a oath_n 197_o chap._n ix_o of_o military_a law_n and_o article_n of_o court_n of_o war_n of_o the_o judge_n marshal_n and_o of_o the_o provost_z marshal_z general_z 203_o chap._n x._o of_o exercise_v drilling_n and_o training_n the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 209_o chap._n xi_o of_o company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n what_o they_o have_v be_v what_o they_o be_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v of_o all_o their_o officer_n their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n 213_o chap._n xii_o of_o troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o of_o dragoon_n 231_o a_o appendix_n to_o this_o twelve_o chapter_n 239_o chap._n xiii_o of_o feltmarshals_a lieutenant_n feltmarshals_a lieutenant_n general_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n major_a general_n and_o adjutant_n general_n 247_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o a_o captain_n general_n or_o generalissimo_n 251_o chap._n xv._o of_o intelligence_n spys_n and_o of_o a_o general_n scout-master_n 260_o chap._n xvi_o embattel_v by_o the_o square_a root_n examine_v and_o reject_v 266_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_v army_n 269_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o his_o duty_n 274_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n 278_o chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n 284_o chap._n xxi_o of_o guard_n watch_n sentinel_n parade_n round_n and_o patrovil_n 295_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n 303_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n 308_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o several_a way_n to_o take_v fortify_v place_n particular_o of_o sieges_n trenches_n approach_n redout_n batteries_n zap_n gallery_n mine_n storm_n and_o assault_n 313_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o defence_n of_o fortify_v place_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o expugnation_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o fort_n of_o governor_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o qualification_n 323_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o prisoner_n parley_n treaty_n and_o article_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n 335_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o our_o modern_a military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n 347_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v 353_o chap._n xxix_o whether_o the_o profession_n of_o soldiery_n be_v lawful_a 362_o errata_fw-la pag._n 27._o l._n 24._o and_o in_o other_o place_n r._n goujat_n p._n 56._o l._n 17._o r._n absueid_v p._n 77._o l._n 5._o r._n fight_v p._n 85._o l._n ult_n r._n maniple_n p._n 103._o l._n 27._o r._n cense_v p._n 104._o l._n 19_o r._n who_o trust_v not_o p._n 110._o l._n 29._o â—r_n officer_n p._n 124._o l._n 53._o r._n 1000_o foot_n broad_a ib._n l._n 60_o r._n 100_o foot_n p._n 125_o l._n 11._o r._n 1000_o in_o breadth_n p._n 162._o l._n ult_n r._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gaya_n p._n 173._o l._n 26._o r._n patroun_n ib._n l._n 34._o r._n dunder_n p._n 192._o l._n 21._o for_o charge_n r._n pierce_v p._n 194._o l._n 59_o r._n felizeug-meist_a p._n 196._o l._n 43._o for_o time_n r._n hour_n p._n 197._o l._n 29._o r._n tâ—n_o pasvolants_n p._n 199._o l._n 50._o r._n royelet_n p._n 206._o l._n 46._o r._n lâ—se_n majeste_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n peace_n be_v the_o choice_a of_o all_o earthly_a blessing_n one_o peace_n be_v better_a than_o innumerable_a triumph_n it_o be_v that_o blessing_n â—â—ich_a carry_v all_o other_o external_a oneâ—_n in_o its_o bosom_n without_o it_o no_o man_n can_v say_v he_o either_o enjoy_v himself_o or_o any_o thing_n he_o may_v call_v his_o own_o the_o terrible_a ware_n which_o our_o passion_n raise_v within_o our_o breast_n against_o our_o reason_n make_v we_o cry_v to_o heaven_n for_o that_o inward_a peace_n whereof_o neither_o man_n nor_o devil_n can_v bereave_v we_o even_o so_o those_o people_n among_o who_o blessing_n peace_n a_o choice_a blessing_n the_o seat_n of_o war_n be_v send_v up_o their_o frequent_a petition_n to_o the_o god_n of_o peace_n to_o remove_v that_o dreadful_a scourge_n from_o they_o but_o the_o pity_n be_v when_o their_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o they_o have_v obtain_v the_o so_o much_o desire_v and_o long_v for_o peace_n few_o or_o none_o of_o they_o study_n to_o preserve_v so_o inestimable_a a_o jewel_n many_o nation_n have_v and_o do_v this_o day_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a peace_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o have_v the_o whole_a habitable_a world_n a_o general_a cessation_n of_o arm_n but_o when_o augustus_n shut_v the_o temple_n of_o janus_n and_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o then_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o descend_v from_o the_o mansion_n of_o peace_n to_o enter_v the_o womb_n of_o the_o immaculate_a virgin_n but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o work_n to_o descant_v of_o peace_n the_o eulogy_n whereof_o have_v be_v loud_o enough_o proclaim_v many_o age_n ago_o if_o peace_n be_v so_o great_a a_o blessing_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o war_n must_v be_v a_o very_a heavy_a curse_n and_o so_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v it_o carry_v all_o evil_n and_o all_o plague_n in_o the_o belly_n of_o it_o it_o extirpate_v family_n destroy_v nation_n and_o drain_v province_n of_o both_o man_n and_o money_n it_o break_v up_o and_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n and_o curse_n war_n a_o horrible_a curse_n it_o trample_v on_o all_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a except_o that_o of_o the_o long_a sword_n or_o it_o make_v they_o run_v all_o after_o it_o like_o lackey_n i_o believe_v if_o the_o prophet_n gad_n have_v speak_v nothing_o of_o pestilence_n but_o give_v david_n his_o choice_n of_o war_n or_o famine_n the_o psalmist_n have_v undoubted_o choose_v the_o last_o as_o the_o less_o plague_n for_o though_o all_o the_o three_o be_v from_o god_n for_o there_o be_v no_o evil_a in_o the_o city_n which_o be_v not_o from_o the_o lord_n yet_o war_n be_v but_o mediate_o from_o god_n and_o immediate_o from_o man_n and_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v into_o god_n hand_n then_o mans._n beside_o both_o pestilence_n and_o famine_n have_v be_v and_o undoubted_o will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n without_o war_n but_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a that_o war_n can_v be_v of_o any_o continuance_n in_o a_o land_n but_o it_o will_v draw_v after_o it_o both_o pestilence_n and_o famine_n as_o its_o inseparable_a concomitant_n yet_o war._n companion_n of_o war._n this_o dreadful_a and_o devour_a plague_n of_o war_n be_v not_o only_o permit_v but_o command_v by_o the_o almighty_a to_o dwell_v among_o the_o son_n of_o men._n god_n own_o choose_a people_n be_v by_o his_o own_o appointment_n afflict_v by_o it_o and_o do_v also_o by_o that_o same_o authority_n afflict_v other_o with_o it_o enmity_n and_o feud_n have_v its_o beginning_n in_o the_o world_n soon_o after_o its_o creation_n not_o only_o between_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o serpent_n but_o between_o man_n and_o man_n yea_o brother_n and_o brother_n cain_n and_o abel_n neither_o do_v it_o war._n private_a war._n matter_n much_o with_o what_o weapon_n the_o one_o kill_v the_o other_o since_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o man_n can_v be_v send_v to_o his_o grave_n a_o thousand_o way_n without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o sword_n this_o be_v a_o private_a war_n which_o still_o continue_v and_o will_v lâ—st_o till_o time_n be_v no_o more_o between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o sometime_o family_n and_o family_n a_o public_a war_n be_v twofold_a a_o foreign_a and_o a_o civil_a war._n war_n public_a war_n the_o foreign_a be_v of_o one_o or_o more_o nation_n against_o one_o or_o more_o nation_n if_o undertake_v to_o increase_v dominion_n conquer_v or_o enslave_v other_o or_o yet_o to_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o a_o neighbour_n potentate_n it_o be_v unjust_a of_o the_o justify_n cause_n of_o a_o foreign_a war_n author_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v that_o write_v purposely_o on_o war_n foreign_a war_n that_o subject_n particular_o hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la let_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o say_v in_o this_o place_n with_o augustin_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n just_a when_o just_a but_o a_o
injury_n do_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o prince_n subject_n or_o ambassador_n and_o that_o no_o satisfaction_n after_o it_o be_v require_v can_v be_v get_v and_o indeed_o this_o war_n shall_v be_v formal_o denounce_v otherwise_o it_o derogate_v from_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n this_o to_o i_o seem_v clear_a from_o the_o definition_n the_o civilian_n give_v of_o a_o enemy_n host_n say_v they_o sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la nobis_fw-la aut_fw-la quibus_fw-la nos_fw-la bellum_fw-la decernimus_fw-la caeteri_fw-la belli_n indictio_fw-la belli_n latrones_fw-la aut_fw-la praedones_fw-la sunt_fw-la those_o be_v enemy_n who_o either_o have_v denounce_v the_o war_n against_o we_o or_o we_o against_o they_o other_o be_v thief_n or_o robber_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o office_n nullum_fw-la bellum_fw-la est_fw-la justum_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la rebus_fw-la repetitis_fw-la geratur_fw-la aut_fw-la denunciatum_fw-la ante_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o indictum_fw-la no_o war_n be_v just_a but_o what_o be_v make_v for_o restitution_n or_o denounce_v or_o indict_v before_o neither_o will_v the_o war_n that_o joshua_n make_v against_o the_o seven_o nation_n of_o the_o canaanite_n impugn_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n for_o though_o these_o nation_n have_v perhaps_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o the_o israelite_n yet_o joshua_n have_v a_o particular_a warrant_n from_o god_n for_o what_o he_o war_n joshua_n his_o war_n do_v which_o few_o or_o none_o but_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o it_o be_v true_a neither_o he_o nor_o moses_n be_v command_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o amalekite_n yet_o the_o lord_n approve_v of_o it_o afterward_o the_o grecian_n denounce_v their_o war_n by_o a_o caducâ—us_a the_o roman_n by_o their_o feciale_n who_o custom_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o throw_v a_o spear_n or_o javelin_n against_o the_o land_n of_o those_o who_o they_o declare_v enemy_n in_o these_o late_a time_n beside_o the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o war_n a_o declaration_n ordinary_o call_v a_o manifesto_n be_v emit_v by_o the_o aggressor_n whereby_o he_o either_o do_v make_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o war_n appear_v to_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o endeavour_n it_o and_o though_o the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n be_v wrong_v and_o violate_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v denounce_v by_o a_o letter_n or_o some_o such_o way_n say_v grotius_n yet_o we_o read_v not_o that_o david_n use_v any_o such_o previous_a civility_n to_o hanun_n king_n of_o ammon_n after_o he_o have_v affront_v his_o ambassador_n a_o civil_a war_n may_v be_v likewise_o twofold_a the_o one_o sort_n be_v of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o twofold_a civil_a war_n twofold_a a_o free_a state_n one_o against_o another_o as_o that_o of_o sylla_n against_o marius_n father_n and_o son_n and_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n father_n and_o son_n among_o the_o roman_n or_o in_o a_o monarchy_n of_o those_o who_o be_v competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o war_n be_v between_o the_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n the_o other_o be_v of_o subject_n against_o their_o sovereign_n which_o can_v never_o be_v lawful_a let_v the_o pretext_n be_v never_o so_o specious_a i_o mean_v on_o the_o subject_n part_n for_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o a_o sovereign_n whether_o prince_n or_o state_n not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n to_o reduce_v their_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o their_o duty_n when_o by_o no_o other_o mean_n they_o can_v prevail_v with_o they_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o intestine_a war_n be_v call_v civil_a because_o they_o be_v inter_fw-la cives_fw-la unius_fw-la reipublicâ—_n among_o the_o citizen_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o war_n and_o that_o wherein_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o civility_n this_o war_n arm_n brother_n against_o brother_n for_o which_o we_o need_v not_o search_v history_n for_o example_n in_o this_o war_n the_o son_n think_v he_o do_v a_o meritorious_a work_n if_o he_o betray_v his_o own_o father_n and_o the_o father_n conceive_v he_o supererogates_a if_o he_o sheath_n his_o sword_n in_o his_o son_n bowel_n because_o say_v he_o he_o do_v not_o rise_v to_o fight_v the_o lord_n battle_n even_o war_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o war_n perhaps_o against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v for_o this_o war_n extinguish_v all_o natural_a affection_n among_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n this_o sort_n of_o war_n send_v cobbler_n and_o other_o mechanic_n to_o the_o pulpit_n to_o torture_v their_o audience_n with_o nonsense_n this_o convert_v soldier_n into_o preacher_n who_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o double_a calling_n belch_v out_o blasphemy_n against_o the_o great_a god_n of_o heaven_n and_o rebellious_a and_o opprobrious_a speech_n against_o his_o vicegerent_n on_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n this_o war_n metamorphose_v preacher_n into_o soldier_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o a_o corslet_n become_v they_o better_o than_o a_o canonical_a coat_n and_o a_o broad_a sword_n better_o than_o a_o long_a gown_n it_o whisper_v they_o in_o the_o ear_n that_o christ_n will_v not_o have_v bid_v those_o of_o his_o disciple_n who_o have_v two_o coat_n sell_v one_o of_o they_o and_o buy_v a_o sword_n if_o he_o have_v not_o intend_v to_o leave_v war_n as_o a_o legacy_n to_o his_o follower_n as_o well_o as_o peace_n it_o tell_v they_o they_o ought_v in_o their_o sermon_n to_o summon_v subject_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o eternal_a damnation_n to_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o sovereign_a power_n because_o they_o be_v bid_v curse_v meroz_n who_o will_v not_o come_v out_o to_o help_v the_o lord_n against_o the_o mighty_a yet_o very_a few_o of_o they_o can_v tell_v you_o whether_o meroz_n be_v a_o prince_n a_o city_n or_o a_o country_n but_o i_o dwell_v too_o long_o here_o not_o long_o after_o the_o flood_n we_o find_v numerous_a army_n raise_v by_o nimrod_n and_o his_o ambitious_a successor_n to_o subject_v other_o of_o noah_n race_n to_o their_o lawless_a dominion_n and_o indeed_o if_o the_o story_n of_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n be_v true_a as_o they_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v we_o read_v not_o of_o so_o great_a army_n except_o some_o in_o holy_a writ_n as_o those_o which_o ninus_n and_o the_o famous_a semiramis_n and_o the_o king_n of_o india_n who_o she_o invade_v bring_v together_o it_o be_v pity_n we_o shall_v not_o know_v how_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o in_o what_o order_n they_o fight_v i_o suppose_v there_o be_v war_n in_o the_o world_n before_o there_o be_v any_o to_o record_v they_o the_o egyptian_n write_v in_o hieroglyphic_n and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v next_o to_o moses_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o grecian_n for_o give_v we_o a_o glimpse_n of_o antiquity_n and_o true_o even_o they_o write_v the_o occasion_n the_o cause_n the_o beginning_n the_o progress_n and_o issue_n of_o war_n so_o confuse_o and_o fabulous_o that_o we_o can_v fabulous_a ancient_a history_n fabulous_a build_v but_o little_a on_o their_o relation_n till_o themselves_o become_v renown_v by_o the_o stout_a resistance_n they_o make_v against_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o they_o give_v we_o but_o little_a light_n how_o other_o nation_n beside_o themselves_o manage_v the_o war_n what_o art_n or_o order_n they_o use_v in_o their_o battle_n or_o how_o their_o combatant_n be_v arm_v the_o sacred_a story_n mention_n no_o battle_n fight_v after_o the_o flood_n or_o before_o it_o till_o that_o of_o chaderlaomer_n and_o other_o three_o king_n against_o the_o five_o king_n of_o the_o plain_a but_o we_o may_v presume_v there_o be_v many_o bloody_a bicker_n before_o that_o when_o nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n if_o ninus_n be_v not_o amraphel_n one_o of_o the_o four_o king_n whereof_o i_o much_o doubt_n impose_v the_o yoke_n of_o slavery_n on_o so_o many_o nation_n in_o this_o battle_n fight_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrha_n the_o five_o king_n be_v beat_v but_o how_o either_o they_o or_o their_o adversary_n fight_v with_o sodom_n the_o battle_n of_o sodom_n what_o arm_n or_o in_o what_o order_n the_o history_n tell_v we_o nothing_o the_o conqueror_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a booty_n and_o many_o prisoner_n and_o among_o they_o lot_n and_o the_o endeavour_v his_o rescue_n make_v the_o war_n just_a on_o his_o uncle_n abraham_n side_n he_o follow_v and_o overthrow_v the_o four_o king_n and_o bring_v back_o all_o the_o good_n and_o prisoner_n abraham_n have_v no_o particular_a warrant_n for_o this_o war_n but_o it_o be_v approve_v for_o thereafter_o melchizedec_n the_o priest_n of_o the_o most_o high_a god_n bless_v he_o nor_o be_v it_o needful_a for_o the_o father_n of_o the_o faithful_a to_o denounce_v the_o war_n because_o he_o look_v upon_o himself_o there_o as_o a_o ally_n if_o not_o
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follower_n that_o all_o or_o some_o of_o they_o have_v sword_n be_v no_o more_o but_o a_o probable_a â—_z â—_z conjecture_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o that_o weapon_n in_o scripture_n or_o any_o other_o book_n till_o simeon_n and_o levi_n who_o be_v abraham_n great_a grandchild_n cover_v their_o cruel_a revenge_n with_o the_o cloak_n of_o religion_n of_o so_o old_a a_o date_n be_v that_o mischievous_a practice_n destroy_v the_o sechemite_n with_o sword_n for_o it_o be_v say_v each_o man_n take_v his_o sword_n that_o the_o israelite_n have_v arm_n wherewith_o they_o fight_v against_o sihon_n and_o og_n and_o other_o people_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v doubt_v in_o the_o wilderness_n they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o they_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n with_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o question_n but_o how_o they_o come_v by_o they_o to_o i_o be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n for_o i_o think_v it_o not_o at_o all_o probable_a that_o 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yet_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o war_n of_o that_o country_n of_o old_a they_o carry_v wooden_a tower_n on_o their_o back_n wherein_o be_v lodge_v arm_v man_n who_o throw_v dart_n and_o javelin_n among_o the_o band_n of_o the_o enemy_n through_o which_o these_o dreadful_a creature_n be_v furious_o drive_v who_o of_o themselves_o be_v sufficient_o able_a to_o break_v the_o strong_a and_o best_a compose_v squadron_n of_o arm_a man_n but_o when_o they_o be_v gall_v and_o wound_v and_o turn_v head_n than_o elephant_n the_o elephant_n they_o do_v that_o mischief_n to_o their_o master_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o enemy_n the_o roman_n before_o their_o war_n in_o greece_n make_v no_o use_n of_o they_o and_o though_o at_o first_o pyrrhus_n terrify_v they_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o these_o indeed_o terrible_a
beast_n yet_o thereafter_o they_o find_v mean_n to_o wound_v they_o or_o by_o make_v lane_n and_o street_n for_o they_o to_o render_v their_o fury_n so_o useless_a that_o they_o get_v but_o little_a hurt_n by_o they_o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v have_v faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v what_o livy_n report_v that_o a_o arm_a soldier_n enter_v into_o combat_n with_o a_o elephant_n and_o that_o the_o beast_n grapple_v he_o with_o his_o trunk_n about_o the_o middle_n and_o cast_v he_o up_o in_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o soldier_n fall_v with_o little_a or_o no_o hurt_n wound_v the_o beast_n with_o his_o sword_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o hug_n as_o that_o may_v have_v crush_v both_o the_o soldier_n corsset_n and_o his_o bone_n till_o the_o marrow_n come_v out_o for_o in_o his_o trunk_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v proboscis_n there_o be_v such_o strength_n that_o therewith_o as_o some_o write_v he_o be_v able_a to_o fell_a tree_n or_o i_o think_v the_o 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to_o be_v make_v with_o strong_a and_o broad_a axletree_n to_o both_o side_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v brass_n or_o iron_n scythes_n next_o he_o put_v arm_v man_n within_o the_o chariot_n who_o in_o the_o charge_n discharge_v lusty_o their_o missile_a weapon_n wherewith_o he_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o store_v and_o with_o these_o he_o do_v not_o only_o sometime_o skirmish_n but_o for_o most_o part_n charge_v furious_o the_o enemy_n strong_a and_o close_a body_n and_o batallion_n the_o egyptian_n arm_n for_o the_o offensive_a be_v great_a and_o massy_a spear_n say_v arms._n egyptian_a arms._n xenophon_n but_o how_o long_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v and_o for_o the_o defensive_a they_o have_v shield_n of_o brass_n of_o such_o a_o largeness_n that_o therewith_o they_o cover_v both_o their_o body_n and_o their_o leg_n they_o marshal_v their_o man_n one_o hundred_o in_o file_n and_o when_o this_o be_v tell_v to_o cyrus_n he_o make_v himself_o merry_a with_o it_o and_o say_v he_o wish_v all_o his_o enemy_n will_v draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o so_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o surround_v their_o flank_n soon_o attack_v and_o consequent_o say_v he_o i_o shall_v have_v the_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o by_o what_o that_o same_o author_n say_v it_o will_v seem_v the_o egyptian_n draw_v up_o constant_o a_o hundred_o deep_a for_o when_o croesus_n desire_v they_o to_o change_v they_o answer_v they_o order_n their_o order_n will_v not_o alter_v their_o country_n fashion_n yet_o i_o conjecture_v the_o egyptian_a custom_n have_v be_v to_o marshal_v their_o batallion_n by_o the_o squaâ—â—_n root_n for_o here_o i_o find_v their_o body_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o they_o perhaps_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v a_o square_a of_o man_n which_o be_v to_o have_v as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o rank_n have_v embattel_v they_o a_o hundred_o in_o each_o for_o a_o hundred_o time_n a_o hundred_o produce_v ten_o thousand_o of_o the_o square_a root_n i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o persian_n that_o serve_v on_o foot_n in_o cyrus_n time_n carry_v for_o the_o defensive_a persian_n arm_n of_o the_o ancient_a persian_n a_o head-piece_n corslet_n and_o a_o little_a target_n and_o for_o the_o offensive_a a_o sword_n and_o a_o curtle-axe_n beside_o their_o dart_n and_o stone_n his_o cuirassier_n and_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v as_o the_o grecian_n be_v whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o his_o time_n the_o sacan_o and_o cardusians_n a_o people_n dwell_v near_o persia_n be_v excellent_a bowman_n on_o horseback_n who_o offspring_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v those_o parthian_n who_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n rout_z the_o army_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n crassus_n and_o kill_v himself_o and_o put_v mark_n anthony_n to_o so_o shameful_a a_o retreat_n and_o so_o near_o a_o danger_n of_o evident_a ruin_n that_o often_o than_o once_o he_o 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a_o lance_n a_o pistol_z and_o a_o sword_n all_o of_o they_o well_o accoutre_v strive_v who_o shall_v appear_v fine_a the_o light_a horseman_n be_v mount_v on_o horseman_n light_a horseman_n good_a nag_n little_a but_o very_o swift_a for_o armour_n they_o have_v light_a helmet_n corslet_n and_o sleeve_n for_o offensive_a arm_n each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o cutlace_n and_o either_o a_o half_a lance_n or_o a_o pistol_n which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o not_o both_o of_o these_o light_a horse_n there_o be_v about_o eighteen_o hundred_o the_o harquebusier_n be_v mount_v on_o as_o good_a gelding_n as_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o harquebusier_n harquebusier_n they_o have_v jack_n morrion_n and_o sleeve_n of_o mail_n for_o defence_n their_o weapon_n be_v sword_n and_o harquebuse_n of_o three_o foot_n long_o hang_v at_o the_o courche_n of_o their_o saddle_n he_o have_v about_o fifteen_o hundred_o of_o they_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o 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the_o true_a god_n to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o idolatrous_a age_n wherein_o he_o live_v as_o very_o a_o atheist_n as_o machiavelli_n be_v when_o he_o write_v his_o discourse_n on_o livy_n and_o his_o book_n dii_fw-la prencipe_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v those_o who_o accuse_v he_o of_o that_o crime_n and_o his_o translator_n casaubon_n who_o defend_v he_o from_o that_o imputation_n to_o debate_v the_o matter_n between_o they_o nine_o their_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a civil_a war_n enough_o to_o have_v destroy_v nine_o nine_o ten_o other_o nation_n as_o that_o between_o sylla_n and_o marius_n father_n and_o son_n and_o that_o between_o caesar_n and_o the_o pompey_n and_o that_o of_o the_o triumvirate_n in_o all_o which_o how_o much_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v at_o a_o loss_n may_v be_v conjecture_v by_o one_o review_n the_o dictator_n caesar_n make_v of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n even_o before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n wherein_o he_o find_v 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you_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o these_o discourse_n a_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o roman_n be_v send_v to_o rhegium_n to_o keep_v state_n against_o the_o state_n it_o for_o the_o state_n they_o mutiny_v kill_v the_o principal_a citizen_n and_o keep_v the_o town_n for_o themselves_o full_a ten_o year_n at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v all_o that_o be_v take_v alive_a be_v well_o whip_v and_o behead_v in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n posthumius_fw-la a_o military_a tribune_n with_o consular_a authority_n fight_v fortunate_o posthumius_fw-la against_o posthumius_fw-la with_o the_o aequian_o observe_v in_o all_o these_o that_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v but_o yet_o in_o its_o cradle_n be_v call_v back_o to_o the_o city_n in_o his_o absence_n his_o army_n mutiny_n against_o his_o treasurer_n beat_v he_o and_o wound_n he_o the_o tribune_n return_v in_o haste_n and_o indeed_o he_o make_v more_o haste_n than_o good_a
principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n but_o by_o this_o argument_n they_o need_v not_o have_v be_v so_o many_o as_o six_o hundred_o because_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o by_o this_o reason_n the_o principes_fw-la shall_v have_v be_v but_o six_o hundred_o because_o the_o hastati_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o help_n before_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v but_o his_o second_o reason_n speak_v why_o and_o why_o better_a sense_n which_o be_v that_o the_o consul_n who_o ordinary_o stand_v near_o the_o triarii_n come_v with_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n and_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n what_o these_o extraordinarii_fw-la be_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o what_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o just_a now_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v lipsius_n the_o evocati_fw-la 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foot_n and_o have_v those_o name_n till_o the_o roman_n besiege_v capua_n in_o hannibal_n time_n then_o and_o there_o it_o seem_v they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v they_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_a in_o the_o cense_v and_o rorarii_fw-la à _fw-la roar_n from_o dew_n because_o in_o skirmish_v they_o scatter_v themselves_o as_o dew_n do_v on_o grass_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o of_o they_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n each_o of_o these_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o century_n two_o century_n make_v a_o maniple_n three_o maniple_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n a_o roman_a legion_n be_v of_o great_a or_o lesser_a legion_n legion_n number_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n senate_n people_n or_o emperor_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereignty_n or_o as_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n seem_v to_o require_v romulus_n ordain_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n one_o thousand_o of_o each_o tribe_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o his_o time_n though_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o whether_o the_o king_n who_o succeed_v romulus_n keep_v the_o legion_n at_o three_o thousand_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o but_o after_o monarchy_n be_v banish_v the_o city_n legion_n come_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o strong_a sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o twice_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o first_o of_o a_o century_n centurion_n a_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n at_o the_o first_o constitution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o a_o centuriate_a consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o its_o commander_n be_v call_v centurion_n both_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o centum_fw-la a_o hundred_o but_o thereafter_o that_o band_n of_o man_n call_v a_o centuriate_a in_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n in_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o but_o of_o thirty_o in_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la there_o be_v twenty_o centuriates_n at_o sixty_o man_n each_o of_o they_o and_o those_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o just_o as_o many_o centuriates_n and_o of_o that_o same_o number_n for_o the_o principes_fw-la make_v twelve_o hundred_o more_o in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v likewise_o twenty_o centuriates_n but_o each_o of_o these_o consist_v but_o of_o thirty_o man_n which_o make_v six_o hundred_o in_o all_o three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v the_o other_o thousand_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v velite_n but_o though_o each_o of_o those_o band_n be_v but_o sixty_o or_o thirty_o strong_a yet_o they_o and_o their_o principal_a commander_n keep_v their_o ancient_a denomâ—nations_n of_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n there_o be_v sixty_o centuriates_n in_o a_o legion_n though_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o but_o fifty_o five_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v examine_v the_o centurion_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o and_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o sub-centurion_n sub-centurion_n a_o sub-centurion_n who_o station_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v indeed_o nothing_o but_o ouâ—_n bringer_n up_o polybius_n his_o interpreter_n call_v the_o centurion_n ordinum_fw-la dâ—ctores_fw-la leader_n of_o file_n or_o of_o centuriates_n if_o ordo_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o centuriate_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o sub-centurion_n he_o call_v agminis_fw-la coactorem_fw-la and_o that_o be_v direct_o our_o rear-man_n this_o will_v not_o make_v a_o centurion_n and_o sub-centurion_n to_o be_v our_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o roman_a centurion_n command_v but_o sixty_o some_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v himself_o not_o otherwise_o arm_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centuriate_a only_o distinguish_v by_o his_o crest_n and_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n with_o the_o rest_n either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o maniple_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v with_o i_o that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o either_o power_n or_o honour_n be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o corporal_n corporal_n centurion_n our_o corporal_n and_o their_o sub-centurion_n such_o as_o lancespesat_n especial_o where_o foot_n company_n be_v as_o in_o our_o own_o time_n they_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o europe_n three_o hundred_o strong_a and_o consequent_o every_o corporalship_n sixty_o man_n the_o centurion_n badge_n be_v a_o
the_o first_o who_o have_v make_v use_n of_o it_o neither_o will_v we_o hinder_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a law_n to_o age_n to_o come_v be_v assure_o confident_a say_v they_o that_o if_o you_o have_v that_o power_n over_o we_o that_o we_o probable_o may_v short_o have_v over_o you_o you_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v this_o law_n in_o execution_n against_o we_o so_o you_o see_v that_o both_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_n think_v prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n if_o the_o victor_n please_v not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n and_o nature_n before_o i_o go_v further_o i_o shall_v premise_v one_o thing_n at_o which_o perhaps_o many_o of_o my_o own_o profession_n scruple_n which_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o any_o quarter_n grant_v in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n or_o skirmish_n or_o at_o the_o assault_n of_o town_n or_o castle_n bâ—llâ—_n how_o a_o general_n may_v use_v his_o prisoner_n of_o war_n jurâ—_n bâ—llâ—_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o the_o victorious_a army_n may_v put_v all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o death_n that_o he_o please_v without_o do_v any_o wrong_n to_o the_o law_n of_o war_n because_o they_o have_v no_o quarter_n promise_v they_o by_o he_o either_o by_o word_n or_o in_o writing_n which_o we_o ordinary_o call_v parol_n what_o quarter_n be_v give_v by_o any_o officer_n who_o be_v inferior_a for_o the_o time_n or_o by_o any_o soldier_n be_v but_o till_o the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a judge_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o then_o he_o may_v do_v with_o they_o as_o he_o please_v but_o observe_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o though_o jure_v belli_n he_o may_v do_v so_o yet_o when_o he_o put_v prisoner_n to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n he_o may_v be_v just_o brand_v with_o inhumanity_n and_o cruelty_n unless_o those_o prisoner_n have_v be_v traitor_n rebel_n runaway_n or_o fugitive_n or_o that_o quarter_n have_v be_v promise_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o general_n any_o of_o these_o alter_v the_o case_n such_o be_v that_o act_n of_o saul_n king_n of_o israel_n who_o give_v quarter_n to_o agag_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n who_o have_v ordain_v he_o to_o die_v let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o this_o perpetual_a law_n whereof_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_a ambassador_n speak_v be_v execute_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v see_v that_o all_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v either_o ransom_v exchange_v put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n the_o jew_n differ_v a_o little_a from_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o slave_n jewish_a slave_n slavery_n for_o deut._n 23._o they_o have_v a_o political_a law_n which_o order_v a_o refuge_n to_o their_o slave_n slave_n certain_o who_o come_v to_o that_o calamity_n by_o none_o of_o their_o own_o fault_n and_o that_o be_v most_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o captive_n of_o war._n cyrus_n find_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o practise_v against_o himself_o by_o tomiris_n queen_n of_o scythia_n who_o put_v he_o to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n if_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o truth_n how_o the_o assyrian_a monarch_n use_v their_o prisoner_n though_o profane_a story_n be_v silent_a the_o sacred_a writ_n will_v inform_v we_o by_o it_o we_o know_v how_o tiglath_n pilâ—ser_n take_v away_o the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n and_o nebuchadnezzâ—r_n the_o other_o two_o to_o babylon_n and_o how_o this_o last_o put_v most_o of_o the_o chief_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n to_o death_n after_o prisoner_n how_o the_o israelite_n use_v their_o prisoner_n they_o be_v prisoner_n and_o cause_v the_o child_n of_o king_n zedâ—kiah_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n before_o his_o face_n that_o after_o have_v see_v so_o sad_a a_o spectaâ—le_n he_o may_v have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o that_o so_o thereafter_o as_o sir_n walter_n raleigâ—_n observe_v well_o he_o may_v never_o see_v any_o thing_n to_o comfort_v he_o the_o captain_n of_o god_n choose_a people_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n think_v not_o that_o their_o hand_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o quaâ—â—er_a that_o be_v give_v by_o their_o inferior_a commander_n and_o soldier_n but_o pass_v very_o ordinary_o a_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o most_o of_o their_o prisoner_n of_o war._n joshua_n hang_v most_o of_o those_o king_n who_o he_o take_v in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n adonibeâ—â—k_o have_v his_o thumb_n and_o great_a toe_n cut_v off_o for_o so_o he_o have_v use_v seventy_o two_o king_n before_o zebah_n and_o zalmunnah_n king_n of_o midian_a after_o they_o have_v quarter_n give_v they_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o gidâ—on_n perhaps_o by_o no_o other_o inspiration_n than_o that_o of_o revenge_n because_o they_o have_v kill_v his_o brethren_n and_o by_o the_o way_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o israelite_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n among_o themselves_o give_v very_o bad_a quarter_n as_o for_o example_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n have_v kill_v in_o one_o battle_n eighteen_o thousand_o benjamite_n they_o put_v five_o thousand_o of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o chase_n who_o no_o doubt_n call_v for_o quartor_n the_o text_n say_v they_o glean_v they_o that_o be_v kill_v they_o one_o by_o one_o in_o the_o way_n and_o after_o that_o two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v put_v to_o death_n at_o gidoâ—_n who_o i_o make_v no_o question_n yield_v themselves_o prisoner_n how_o many_o thousand_o ephraâ—â—â—tes_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o gileadite_n when_o they_o bewray_v what_o they_o be_v by_o the_o wrong_a pronunciation_n of_o sâ—bbâ—teth_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n prisoner_n david_n very_o severe_a to_o his_o prisoner_n not_o only_o slaughter_v those_o ammonite_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n but_o torture_v they_o and_o put_v they_o to_o cruel_a deaâ—â—s_n whether_o he_o do_v this_o â—or_a â—â—y_n other_o reason_n than_o to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o disgrace_n do_v to_o his_o ambassador_n by_o hâ—nan_n king_n of_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_o it_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o determine_v but_o certain_o the_o prophet_n â—lisha_fw-mi give_v a_o contrary_a advice_n to_o jehorâ—â—â—_n king_n of_o israel_n quarter_n elisha_n advise_v to_o give_v fair_a quarter_n who_o ask_v the_o man_n of_o god_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v with_o those_o syrian_n who_o be_v miraculous_o bring_v into_o samâ—ria_n in_o these_o word_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o my_o father_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o be_v answer_v wiâ—â—_n thou_o smiâ—e_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v takâ—â—_n with_o thy_o bow_n and_o thy_o spear_n nay_o see_v brâ—ad_a and_o water_n before_o they_o and_o send_v thâ—â—_n back_o to_o their_o master_n i_o confess_v this_o be_v very_o fair_a quarter_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v in_o all_o its_o point_n the_o obstinate_a keep_n out_o of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n when_o there_o be_v quarter_n a_o occasion_n of_o bad_a quarter_n neither_o hope_n nor_o probability_n of_o succour_n have_v be_v often_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o besiege_a after_o they_o have_v render_v have_v be_v butcher_v to_o death_n that_o be_v after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v grant_v no_o article_n or_o condition_n may_v put_v they_o all_o to_o death_n without_o any_o stâ—â—â—_n of_o perfidy_n he_o may_v do_v it_o jure_fw-la bâ—lli_fw-la but_o he_o may_v be_v tax_v with_o severity_n if_o not_o cruelty_n for_o it_o yet_o generous_a prince_n have_v practise_v it_o titus_n a_o merciful_a prince_n cast_v the_o jew_n who_o be_v his_o prisoner_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n by_o hundred_o to_o be_v tear_v and_o devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n the_o great_a alexander_n cause_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tirian_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o crucify_a after_o they_o wear_v prisoner_n because_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v so_o long_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o his_o victory_n but_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v vindicate_v from_o extreme_a inhumanity_n alexander_n inhumanity_n of_o alexander_n use_v to_o the_o noble_a governor_n of_o gaza_n who_o keep_v out_o that_o place_n courageous_o against_o he_o till_o the_o never-failing_a fortune_n of_o that_o dare_a prince_n put_v the_o woeful_a governor_n into_o his_o hand_n who_o fâ—â—t_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v bore_v and_o through_o the_o hole_n he_o put_v cord_n and_o tie_v these_o to_o horse-tail_n in_o that_o manner_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v drag_v about_o the_o city_n in_o imitation_n perhaps_o of_o what_o homer_n say_v achilles_n of_o who_o alexander_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n do_v to_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o valiant_a hector_n the_o veneti_n a_o people_n in_o gâ—â—le_n be_v overcome_v by_o câ—sar_n
a_o sight_n by_o proclamation_n give_v they_o three_o day_n to_o live_v before_o their_o death_n shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o by_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o a_o of_o they_o dispatch_v themselves_o except_o such_o as_o be_v by_o force_n bond_n and_o chain_n compel_v to_o live_v you_o may_v read_v their_o lamentable_a tragedy_n in_o polyâ—â—â—_n his_o sixteenth_o book_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o of_o titus_n livius_n nor_o do_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n give_v better_o quarter_v one_o to_o another_o war_n romans_z cruel_a to_o prisoner_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n except_o câ—sar_n than_o they_o do_v to_o stranger_n pâ—â—â—â—ius_n kill_v those_o soldier_n of_o câ—sar's_n who_o he_o find_v in_o his_o camp_n though_o câ—sar_n spare_v those_o of_o peâ—â—eiâ—s_n and_o send_v they_o back_o to_o he_o sciplâ—_n pompey_n father-in-law_n put_v aâ—_n those_o of_o câ—sar's_n party_n to_o death_n who_o he_o take_v prisoner_n syâ—â—â—_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n very_o cruel_o put_v eight_o thousand_o roman_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o great_a hostelery_n near_o the_o city_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n nor_o do_v aâ—gustus_n keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o mercy_n when_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a at_o one_o time_n to_o sacrifice_v three_o hundred_o roman_a knight_n to_o appease_v the_o incense_a ghost_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n julius_n câ—sar_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o have_v that_o pretence_n which_o all_o civil_a war_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o that_o be_v that_o all_o who_o oppose_v either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n be_v rebel_n to_o the_o state_n whether_o the_o party_n be_v for_o the_o lawful_a and_o supreme_a authority_n or_o against_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o say_v no_o more_o of_o their_o civil_a war_n i_o find_v they_o extreme_a cruel_a in_o their_o war_n with_o hannibal_n to_o their_o own_o soldier_n which_o that_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v take_v prisoner_n fabiâ—s_v the_o dictator_n who_o save_v the_o roman_a state_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o hannibal_n for_o the_o exchange_n and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o who_o after_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v supernumerary_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v â—eaâ—_n eight_o pound_n sterling_n at_o one_o exchange_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o â—orty_fw-la seven_o more_o roman_n than_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n demand_v their_o ransom_n fabius_n send_v to_o avarice_n romanâ—enates_n â—enates_z avarice_n the_o senate_n for_o it_o who_o base_o refuse_v the_o money_n and_o disow_v the_o agreement_n what_o can_v the_o good_a old_a man_n fabius_n do_v but_o send_v his_o son_n to_o rome_n and_o sell_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o hannibal_n which_o be_v near_o two_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n a_o vast_a sum_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o deal_v worse_o with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a pâ—rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bouâ—d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v their_o hare-brained_a conful_n teremiâ—â—_n vaâ—â—_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o by_o his_o obstinate_a and_o inexcusable_a folly_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o why_o may_v not_o hannibal_n have_v use_v these_o roman_a prisoner_n as_o livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_n use_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tarquinian_a prisoner_n unjust_a a_o merciless_a act_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o not_o unjust_a of_o who_o they_o choose_v 358_o of_o the_o prime_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n all_o these_o they_o first_o whip_v well_o with_o rod_n and_o then_o strike_v off_o their_o head_n in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n and_o present_o after_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n though_o this_o be_v a_o very_a merciless_a act_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o so_o may_v hannibal_n have_v do_v to_o their_o prisoner_n and_o true_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o â—eed_v those_o who_o their_o own_o master_n will_v not_o ransom_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o opinion_n polybâ—â—s_n have_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n who_o be_v a_o grave_a use_v polybius_n his_o opinion_n how_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v historian_n a_o great_a statesman_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o aristomachuâ—_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v torture_v to_o death_n he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n that_o neither_o antigonâ—â—_n king_n of_o macedon_n nor_o aratus_n praetor_n of_o the_o achâ—ans_n can_v be_v call_v cruel_a for_o put_v a_o captive_n to_o death_n with_o torment_n for_o though_o aristomachus_n have_v not_o deserve_v that_o usage_n otherwise_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o to_o he_o that_o be_v donâ—_n â—ure_n belli_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o war_n give_v the_o conqueror_n power_n to_o use_v his_o prisoner_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o mantimans_fw-la who_o be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o abominable_a perfidy_n and_o ingratitude_n in_o slaughter_v those_o achaans_n who_o be_v send_v to_o preserve_v they_o he_o say_v express_o that_o though_o they_o have_v commit_v no_o such_o wickedness_n nor_o any_o other_o crime_n at_o all_o yet_o the_o victor_n in_o war_n jure_fw-la belli_n may_v have_v either_o kill_v they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o sell_v they_o for_o slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n thus_o far_o he_o but_o this_o power_n of_o victorious_a prince_n or_o general_n over_o the_o good_n person_n and_o live_v of_o their_o prisoner_n be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v by_o treaty_n parley_n treaty_n treaty_n capitulation_n and_o article_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n whereof_o simple_o and_o without_o fraud_n or_o ambiguity_n all_o man_n of_o what_o station_n rank_n or_o quality_n whatsoever_o or_o of_o what_o religion_n or_o persuasion_n soever_o be_v he_o jew_n or_o gâ—mile_n grâ—cian_n or_o barbarian_a christian_a or_o mahometan_a be_v tie_v because_o faith_n and_o promise_n treaty_n article_n and_o promise_n shall_v be_v faithful_o kepâ—_n no_o enemy_n to_o be_v trust_v in_o time_n of_o treaty_n be_v the_o sacred_a and_o indissoluble_a bond_n which_o maintain_v humane_a society_n and_o whosoever_o break_v they_o on_o any_o pretence_n shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o monster_n and_o not_o as_o a_o man._n in_o the_o time_n of_o treaty_n both_o party_n who_o treat_v aught_o to_o be_v careful_a that_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o sign_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o both_o force_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o field_n town_n castle_n or_o garrison_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o their_o guard_n for_o fear_v of_o â—oul_a play_n or_o some_o unexpected_a rapture_n of_o the_o treaty_n for_o both_o in_o ancient_n and_o modern_a time_n city_n and_o fort_n have_v be_v surprise_v when_o those_o within_o thought_n themselves_o secure_a by_o a_o treaty_n and_o cessation_n as_o history_n of_o all_o age_n bear_v witness_n and_o many_o time_n these_o surprise_v have_v be_v make_v without_o either_o the_o consent_n or_o connivance_n of_o either_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a or_o his_o subordinate_a officer_n mere_o by_o the_o common_a soldier_n who_o frequent_o think_v themselves_o defraud_v by_o treaty_n of_o that_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v the_o price_n of_o their_o sweat_n and_o blood_n to_o wit_n the_o spoil_n and_o booty_n of_o the_o place_n besiege_v or_o of_o the_o person_n of_o those_o almost_o beat_v and_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n nor_o shall_v any_o treaty_n give_v the_o least_o interruption_n to_o the_o constant_a keep_n of_o strict_a guard_n and_o careful_a watch_n nor_o shall_v those_o who_o treat_v have_v liberty_n to_o view_v guard_n camp_n magazine_n
hundred_o but_o in_o aemilius_n his_o army_n against_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n the_o legion_n be_v of_o six_o thousand_o whereof_o the_o triâ—rii_n according_a to_o polybius_n be_v only_o six_o hundred_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la must_v have_v consist_v each_o of_o two_o thousand_o and_o the_o velite_n must_v have_v be_v fourteen_o hundred_o and_o by_o this_o account_n aemilius_n his_o hastati_fw-la will_v have_v possess_v in_o front_n above_o five_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n so_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o hastati_fw-la of_o the_o weak_a consular_a army_n out-winged_a the_o macedonian_a phalange_n and_o thereby_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v upon_o its_o flank_n suppose_v still_o which_o can_v he_o deny_v i_o that_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n give_v the_o grecian_a horse_n work_n enough_o and_o they_o carry_v short_a managable_a arm_n may_v easy_o disorder_v the_o phalangites_n be_v once_o enter_v within_o their_o great_a body_n so_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la 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actor_n and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o upon_o hear_v say_v register_n the_o fable_n of_o vain_a and_o ignorant_a â—_z who_o either_o have_v be_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n for_o truth_n or_o write_v according_a to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n which_o many_o time_n be_v so_o pitiful_o weak_a that_o their_o extravagancy_n put_v know_v reader_n on_o the_o rack_n and_o force_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o book_n away_o from_o they_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v read_v the_o description_n of_o some_o battle_n in_o book_n write_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n wherein_o both_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o such_o order_n that_o i_o can_v not_o fancy_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o except_o aâ—adis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n or_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v we_o except_v from_o these_o of_o modern_a historian_n paolo_n giovio_n d'avita_n and_o the_o other_o unknown_a author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n philip_n hisâ—orians_n 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the_o birth_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n a_o hodge_n podg_v of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o many_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n in_o his_o book_n of_o that_o subject_a he_o father_n most_o of_o his_o notion_n on_o fabritio_n colâ—â—â—â—_n a_o excellent_a captain_n who_o no_o doubt_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v see_v they_o have_v reject_v they_o as_o spurious_a some_o of_o his_o mistake_n i_o have_v touch_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v only_o in_o this_o place_n trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o two_o or_o three_o animadversion_n that_o will_v show_v his_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n in_o his_o four_o book_n he_o make_v it_o one_o of_o his_o maxim_n that_o all_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o receive_v than_o give_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o they_o first_o observation_n of_o they_o chapter_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n here_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o his_o opinion_n the_o first_o fury_n say_v he_o be_v easy_o sustain_v by_o firm_a and_o experience_a soldier_n and_o then_o it_o vanish_v in_o smoke_n but_o i_o ask_v first_o what_o if_o they_o who_o be_v charge_v be_v neither_o firm_a nor_o experience_v for_o all_o army_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o veteran_n next_o i_o ask_v what_o if_o they_o be_v both_o firm_a and_o experience_a and_o yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o charge_n in_o thosew_n two_o case_n the_o first_o charge_n vanish_v not_o in_o smoke_n pompey_n his_o soldier_n be_v firm_a and_o experience_a yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v câ—sarâ—_n charge_v at_o pharsalia_n but_o of_o this_o i_o speak_v enough_o in_o another_o place_n in_o that_o same_o four_o book_n this_o author_n show_v we_o how_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v surround_v in_o time_n of_o battle_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v the_o lesson_n he_o give_v
custom_n be_v choice_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o such_o young_a fellow_n who_o have_v have_v their_o breed_n rather_o in_o the_o country_n than_o in_o town_n unless_o they_o be_v mechanic_n that_o be_v not_o of_o a_o sedentary_a trade_n if_o he_o be_v to_o serve_v on_o horse_n and_o that_o the_o levy_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o trumpet_n but_o where_o a_o right_a election_n may_v be_v get_v only_o such_o shall_v be_v choose_v as_o be_v of_o a_o honest_a birth_n for_o their_o reputation_n will_v make_v they_o undergo_v any_o fatigue_n and_o a_o little_a time_n will_v inure_v they_o to_o toil_n though_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v with_o ease_n and_o plenty_n i_o have_v former_o show_v you_o what_o year_n make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o be_v enroll_v a_o soldier_n among_o the_o ancient_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o now_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o general_o age_n soldier_n age_n look_v to_o by_o many_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n most_o captain_n conceive_v 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gracious_a to_o soldier_n especial_o to_o stranger_n who_o he_o order_v to_o get_v their_o dismission_n if_o they_o require_v they_o after_o they_o have_v serve_v four_o or_o five_o year_n but_o for_o all_o i_o have_v say_v i_o know_v not_o why_o all_o king_n prince_n and_o free_a state_n in_o their_o election_n and_o levy_n of_o soldier_n shall_v not_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o great_a king_n of_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o lord_n who_o as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o number_n order_v his_o servant_n moses_n to_o muster_v all_o male_n fit_a for_o the_o war_n of_o twenty_o year_n old_a and_o upward_o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o think_v all_o under_o that_o age_n unfit_a to_o go_v to_o the_o war_n as_o to_o the_o duty_n and_o qualification_n of_o soldier_n whether_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n there_o be_v some_o who_o make_v so_o many_o of_o they_o that_o if_o prince_n keep_v none_o in_o their_o service_n but_o such_o as_o quadrate_n with_o all_o their_o property_n they_o will_v make_v soldier_n duty_n of_o soldier_n but_o very_o thin_a muster_n but_o you_o may_v take_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n as_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v to_o be_v three_o first_o to_o give_v exact_a and_o perfect_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o lawful_a command_n of_o superior_n second_o to_o endure_v the_o fatigue_n travel_n and_o discommodity_n of_o war_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o march_v or_o work_v at_o trench_n approach_n and_o sieges_n hunger_n thirst_n and_o cold_a with_o a_o exemplary_a patience_n three_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n skirmish_n or_o assault_n to_o resolve_v either_o to_o overcome_v or_o die_v but_o reader_n do_v not_o you_o seek_v one_o not_o to_o be_v expect_v to_o be_v perfect_o in_o any_o one_o all_o these_o in_o every_o soldier_n do_v not_o seek_v any_o of_o these_o exact_o in_o every_o soldier_n nay_o nor_o in_o any_o soldier_n for_o you_o will_v not_o find_v they_o let_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o they_o have_v some_o of_o they_o in_o some_o degree_n though_o not_o in_o perfection_n and_o why_o may_v you_o not_o comprehend_v the_o two_o last_o duty_n under_o the_o first_o of_o obedience_n for_o he_o who_o can_v obey_v his_o superior_a exact_o will_n when_o he_o be_v command_v endure_v any_o fatigue_n and_o in_o any_o rencontre_n resolve_v to_o be_v victorious_a or_o perish_v and_o indeed_o obedience_n be_v the_o very_a life_n of_o a_o army_n a_o obedience_n all_o comprehend_v under_o obedience_n lacedaemonian_a in_o a_o skirmish_n have_v overthrow_v a_o enemy_n be_v ready_a to_o have_v run_v he_o through_o with_o his_o sword_n but_o hear_v the_o trumpet_n sound_v a_o retreat_n he_o leave_v he_o lie_v and_o alive_a be_v ask_v why_o he_o do_v not_o dispatch_v he_o answer_v he_o be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o his_o country_n by_o his_o obedience_n than_o by_o either_o his_o valour_n or_o his_o revenge_n the_o sacred_a oracle_n tell_v we_o that_o obedience_n be_v better_a than_o sacrifice_n chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o their_o infantry_n what_o odds_o there_o be_v between_o a_o man_n arm_v both_o for_o offence_n and_o defence_n and_o he_o who_o only_o have_v offensive_a weapon_n may_v soon_o be_v understand_v though_o the_o practice_n have_v never_o be_v see_v why_o the_o same_o care_n be_v not_o take_v now_o to_o defend_v man_n body_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fight_n as_o well_o and_o as_o much_o as_o of_o old_a there_o be_v since_o the_o offensive_a weapon_n of_o late_a time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n pierce_v more_o deep_o and_o more_o deadly_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a age_n do_v neglect_v defensive_a arm_n neglect_v before_o gunpowder_n i_o suppose_v can_v well_o be_v tell_v if_o the_o neglect_n be_v impute_v to_o great_a commander_n it_o be_v well_o do_v of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n by_o their_o authority_n to_o order_v the_o reformation_n of_o so_o hurtful_a a_o oversight_n but_o perhaps_o this_o reason_n will_v be_v give_v for_o it_o because_o the_o long_a and_o continuate_v march_n of_o our_o modern_a army_n not_o only_o for_o many_o day_n but_o for_o many_o week_n and_o month_n both_o in_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o summer_n and_o rainy_a and_o tempestuous_a weather_n of_o winter_n require_v that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v ease_v of_o the_o weight_n and_o trouble_n of_o their_o defensive_a arm_n that_o with_o less_o toil_n they_o may_v endure_v and_o undergo_v those_o march_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v answer_v first_o that_o answer_v the_o reason_n why_o answer_v we_o have_v no_o such_o march_n now_o adays_o as_o the_o ancient_n especial_o the_o roman_n have_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o they_o in_o their_o ambulatory_a march_n walk_v twenty_o mile_n in_o five_o hour_n and_o in_o their_o cursory_a one_o twenty_o five_o and_o what_o a_o vast_a deal_n of_o ground_n what_o large_a and_o long_a country_n and_o region_n they_o trace_v in_o complete_a arm_n and_o burden_v otherwise_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beast_n of_o carriage_n we_o must_v either_o blame_v ourselves_o for_o not_o imitate_v they_o or_o look_v upon_o most_o of_o their_o story_n as_o pure_a fable_n and_o if_o our_o soldier_n from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o levy_n be_v habituate_v to_o wear_v at_o their_o exercise_n and_o drilling_n constant_o their_o armour_n and_o accustom_a twice_o a_o week_n to_o march_v a_o good_a many_o mile_n in_o arm_n i_o mean_v defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a suppose_v the_o first_o week_n five_o or_o six_o the_o second_o seven_o and_o so_o continue_v till_o they_o can_v march_v fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o mile_n in_o one_o day_n they_o will_v find_v it_o then_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o
tree_n and_o the_o stake_n the_o shrub_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v the_o first_o swedish_n king_n that_o use_v they_o and_o it_o be_v say_v he_o invent_v they_o in_o his_o war_n in_o liefland_n against_o the_o polonian_n who_o far_o overpower_v he_o in_o horse_n i_o believe_v he_o use_v they_o first_o there_o but_o the_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v of_o a_o far_o old_a date_n than_o the_o swede_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v for_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n fear_v to_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o the_o french_a king_n numerous_a agincourt_n use_v by_o henry_n the_o five_o at_o agincourt_n cavalry_n cause_v each_o of_o his_o bowman_n to_o provide_v one_o of_o these_o stake_n whereof_o the_o vine_n there_o afford_v he_o plenty_n and_o be_v make_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n though_o they_o be_v not_o point_v with_o iron_n they_o do_v his_o business_n well_o enough_o and_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o gain_n of_o that_o victory_n which_o give_v he_o so_o great_a foot_n in_o france_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o defensive_a arm_n may_v be_v reduce_v that_o invention_n of_o rangon_n in_o defence_n rangon_n frame_v of_o defence_n the_o french_a army_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o great_a frame_n of_o timber_n that_o can_v be_v take_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v on_o cart_n and_o easy_o join_v together_o whereby_o batallion_n be_v barricado_v and_o serve_v but_o to_o little_a purpose_n as_o also_o that_o frame_n which_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n use_v with_o which_o the_o russian_n be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v barricado_n muscovian_a barricado_n that_o they_o can_v very_o sudden_o piece_n it_o together_o and_o shroud_v themselves_o within_o it_o from_o the_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o as_o nimble_o take_v it_o down_o and_o march_v away_o with_o it_o in_o my_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o french_a defensive_a arms._n french_z defensive_a arms._n arm_n both_o for_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o far_o different_a from_o those_o that_o be_v use_v now_o the_o turk_n use_v defensive_a arm_n but_o neither_o so_o good_a or_o so_o many_o as_o other_o turk_n turk_n nation_n do_v the_o persian_a curiassier_n be_v arm_v all_o over_o their_o body_n man_n and_o horse_n and_o persian_n persian_n this_o perhaps_o help_v they_o to_o overmaster_v the_o turk_n in_o cavalry_n their_o headpiece_n be_v deck_v with_o fair_a and_o large_a plume_n of_o feather_n and_o their_o target_n which_o they_o likewise_o use_v be_v gild_v they_o have_v likewise_o light_a horseman_n who_o carry_v head_n piece_n and_o corslet_n when_o the_o mamaluck_v have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o egypt_n syria_n and_o palestine_n the_o mamaluck_v mamaluck_v better_a sort_n of_o they_o for_o all_o be_v horseman_n be_v arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a from_o head_n to_o foot_n man_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o sort_n carry_v large_a target_n wherewith_o they_o defend_v their_o body_n in_o the_o shock_n but_o before_o they_o come_v to_o it_o they_o throw_v these_o target_n over_o their_o back_n till_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n the_o abyssens_n or_o aethiopian_n one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o arm_v their_o abyssens_n abyssens_n horseman_n with_o coat_n of_o male_a which_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n to_o their_o knee_n morâ—ions_n for_o their_o head_n and_o in_o their_o hand_n round_a target_n in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o bohemian_o have_v great_a target_n or_o shield_n bohemian_o bohemian_o wherewith_o they_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o too_o the_o hungarian_n walachian_o and_o transylvanian_n use_v head_n piece_n corslet_n and_o hungarian_n hungarian_n target_n since_o gunpowder_n the_o englishman_n at_o arm_n or_o curiassier_n be_v arm_v at_o all_o english_a english_a piece_n their_o light_a horseman_n with_o morrion_n jack_n and_o sleeve_n of_o male._n so_o be_v our_o scot_n who_o use_v also_o steel-cap_n or_o bonnet_n scottish_a scottish_a john_n petyâ—_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o when_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n be_v make_v vast_a preparation_n for_o the_o prosecution_n hollander_n hollander_n of_o the_o war_n against_o spain_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v levy_v both_o foot_n and_o horse_n they_o make_v a_o ordnance_n for_o the_o arm_n that_o both_o their_o horseman_n and_o footman_n shall_v carry_v of_o the_o defensive_a he_o give_v we_o this_o account_n the_o reuter_n or_o horseman_n suppose_v curiassier_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o breast_n and_o a_o back_n two_o poldron_n a_o gauntlet_n for_o his_o left_a hand_n belly_n and_o thigh_n and_o knee-piece_n and_o culot_n which_o say_v he_o be_v piece_n of_o armour_n to_o defend_v the_o reins_o the_o carabiner_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o back_n and_o a_o breast_n the_o pikeman_n headpiece_n gorget_n back_n and_o breast_n the_o musketeer_n headpiece_n what_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n all_o these_o nation_n use_v i_o be_o to_o tell_v you_o just_a now_o chap._n iu._n of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n that_o there_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n under_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o what_o be_v have_v be_v may_v admit_v of_o a_o favourable_a interpretation_n for_o time_n be_v when_o neither_o pistol_n nor_o carrabine_n be_v know_v in_o the_o world_n neither_o do_v antiquity_n know_v gunpowder_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o they_o both_o and_o many_o other_o engine_n of_o fire_n the_o sword_n be_v a_o weapon_n that_o be_v never_o out_o of_o fashion_n use_v in_o all_o age_n and_o by_o sword_n the_o sword_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n though_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o some_o horseman_n use_v long_o and_o some_o short_a sword_n but_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o horseman_n for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o sword_n shall_v be_v limit_v to_o they_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o serve_v few_o tell_v we_o whether_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o horseman_n they_o write_v of_o be_v for_o cut_v or_o for_o thrust_v or_o for_o both_o as_o the_o roman_a sword_n be_v the_o persian_n turk_n russian_n polonian_n and_o hungarian_n for_o most_o part_n wear_v scimiter_n and_o shable_n which_o be_v crooked_a serve_v only_o for_o shear_v and_o not_o at_o all_o for_o stab_v monluc_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v carry_v broad_a sword_n which_o be_v so_o well_o edge_v that_o they_o can_v cut_v through_o sleeve_n and_o cap_n of_o male._n the_o scot_n and_o english_a use_v constant_o broad_a sword_n for_o if_o we_o believe_v some_o of_o the_o english_a history_n a_o rapier_n be_v so_o new_a a_o weapon_n in_o england_n that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n old_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o england_n long_a rapier_n be_v use_v for_o a_o while_n and_o then_o lay_v aside_o the_o german_a horseman_n use_v sword_n fit_a both_o to_o slash_v and_o thrust_v john_n petyâ—_n in_o that_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n say_v the_o estate_n of_o holland_n order_v their_o horseman_n to_o carry_v short_a sword_n according_a to_o such_o a_o length_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o if_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v by_o their_o capitulation_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o sword_n that_o their_o officer_n will_v see_v they_o provide_v of_o better_a than_o ordinary_o most_o of_o they_o carry_v which_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o resist_v by_o either_o a_o good_a felt_n or_o a_o buffcoat_n a_o mace_n be_v a_o ancient_a weapon_n for_o a_o horseman_n neither_o be_v it_o out_o of_o use_n long_o mace_n the_o mace_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o hand-gun_n for_o we_o read_v of_o they_o frequent_o use_v by_o most_o nation_n a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o certain_o in_o a_o medley_n they_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a than_o sword_n for_o when_o they_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n we_o find_v the_o party_n strike_v with_o they_o be_v either_o fell_v from_o his_o horse_n or_o have_v his_o head-piece_n beat_v close_o to_o his_o head_n be_v make_v reel_v in_o his_o saddle_n with_o his_o blood_n run_v plentiful_o out_o of_o his_o nose_n the_o lance_n be_v the_o horsemans_n weapon_n wherewith_o he_o charge_v neither_o do_v i_o lance._n the_o lance._n find_v that_o any_o nation_n want_v
argument_n seven_o argument_n enemy_n will_v send_v horseman_n and_o musketeer_n against_o they_o who_o will_v kill_v they_o all_o and_o never_o come_v near_o they_o to_o answer_v this_o i_o must_v tell_v he_o that_o here_o answer_v answer_v and_o in_o most_o of_o his_o argument_n he_o presuppose_v still_o a_o body_n of_o pike_n subsist_v of_o itself_o without_o either_o horseman_n or_o fire-man_n which_o alter_v the_o question_n and_o this_o be_v a_o speculative_a notion_n of_o he_o for_o that_o which_o i_o defend_v be_v that_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a in_o a_o army_n and_o the_o strength_n and_o body_n of_o a_o army_n not_o that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a necessary_a member_n of_o a_o army_n i_o never_o mean_v that_o and_o that_o which_o he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a and_o here_o he_o mention_n general_n morgan_n retreat_n with_o some_o english_a regiment_n from_o the_o long_a line_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verdun_n in_o which_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o business_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o the_o pike_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o retreat_n reserve_v that_o discourse_n to_o another_o place_n but_o because_o i_o have_v traverse_v most_o of_o that_o ground_n often_o than_o once_o i_o shall_v tell_v my_o reader_n that_o christian_a the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v make_v a_o unprosperous_a war_n against_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o retire_v himself_o to_o his_o duchy_n of_o hâ—lstein_n general_n retreat_n morgan_n retreat_n morgan_n be_v force_v by_o the_o imperial_a lieutenant_n general_n tili_n to_o retire_v from_o the_o long_a line_n to_o a_o place_n call_v burg_n within_o four_o english_a mile_n of_o bremen_n this_o place_n be_v but_o pitiful_o fortify_v give_v he_o only_a time_n to_o breath_n and_o leave_v some_o man_n in_o it_o who_o be_v give_v for_o lose_a the_o english_a general_n march_v towards_o bremerford_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o pass_n twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o burg_n tili_n pursue_v and_o in_o the_o pursuit_n kill_v and_o take_v many_o english_a at_o bremerford_n morgan_n rest_v but_o little_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o pass_n it_o cast_v tili_n so_o far_o behind_o that_o morgan_n with_o some_o more_o losâ—_n get_v into_o the_o town_n of_o stead_n with_o the_o gross_a of_o his_o army_n here_o he_o be_v besiege_v by_o tili_n which_o he_o gallant_o defend_v till_o for_o want_v of_o succour_n he_o yield_v the_o place_n on_o honourable_a condition_n now_o what_o do_v all_o this_o militate_fw-la against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n nothing_o that_o i_o know_v of_o mr._n lupton_n say_v the_o pike_n perform_v not_o the_o retreat_n i_o grant_v not_o alone_o neither_o do_v the_o musketeer_n but_o both_o do_v together_o and_o in_o most_o of_o that_o ground_n the_o pike_n can_v not_o but_o be_v very_o serviceable_a against_o the_o imperial_a horse_n he_o say_v many_o musketeer_n be_v lose_v i_o believe_v he_o and_o so_o be_v many_o pikeman_n and_o who_o know_v not_o that_o in_o retreat_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n must_v be_v leave_v behind_o and_o give_v for_o lose_v for_o they_o be_v the_o true_a enfans_fw-fr perdus_fw-fr there_o be_v no_o wise_a patient_n but_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o suffer_v his_o arm_n or_o leg_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o rather_o than_o lose_v his_o whole_a body_n and_o better_o save_v a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n than_o lose_v all_o and_o in_o that_o place_n our_o author_n take_v occasion_n to_o instance_n some_o as_o he_o think_v disadvantage_n that_o morgan_n have_v by_o his_o pike-man_n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v he_o but_o shall_v tell_v he_o for_o all_o that_o that_o when_o that_o general_n return_v to_o holland_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o old_a master_n the_o estate_n i_o never_o hear_v that_o he_o offer_v to_o advise_v the_o then_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o banish_v the_o pike_n as_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n out_o of_o his_o army_n or_o if_o he_o do_v he_o prevail_v as_o little_a with_o he_o as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o who_o he_o dedicate_v this_o book_n which_o i_o now_o endeavour_v to_o examine_v eight_o he_o say_v pike-man_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o argument_n eight_o argument_n why_o so_o true_o if_o they_o can_v do_v that_o i_o agree_v they_o be_v useless_a because_o say_v he_o the_o horseman_n may_v stand_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n from_o they_o and_o bestow_v both_o their_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n shoot_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o their_o pike_n i_o answer_v first_o if_o horseman_n come_v no_o answer_v answer_v near_a pike-man_n than_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n their_o pistol_n will_v do_v they_o little_a hurt_n second_o this_o argument_n presuppose_v once_o more_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n without_o either_o fire-man_n or_o horseman_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v 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of_o that_o ground_n the_o horse_n stand_v on_o till_o another_o squadron_n of_o horse_n advance_v against_o they_o and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v they_o from_o it_o who_o perhaps_o may_v have_v the_o same_o success_n nine_o he_o say_v the_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n he_o suppose_v with_o defensive_a as_o argument_n nine_o argument_n well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o expensive_a to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n than_o the_o arm_a a_o musketeer_n for_o he_o say_v a_o musketeer_n may_v be_v complete_o arm_v for_o twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o pikeman_n not_o under_o thirty_o five_o but_o this_o be_v a_o superfluous_a argument_n for_o if_o he_o once_o demonstrate_v answer_v answer_v the_o uselessness_n of_o the_o pike_n it_o shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o prince_n noâ—_n state_n shall_v bestow_v any_o thing_n for_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n but_o if_o a_o pike_n be_v still_o find_v necessary_a than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o 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rule_v by_o he_o save_v they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n and_o have_v give_v their_o best_a soldier_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n for_o he_o have_v make_v all_o their_o infantry_n to_o consist_v of_o velite_n or_o light-armed_n after_o all_o these_o argument_n mr._n lupton_n show_v we_o that_o one_o branâ—atio_n a_o famous_a brancatio_fw-la brancatio_fw-la warrior_n as_o he_o call_v he_o give_v his_o judgement_n for_o the_o uselessness_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o say_v lupton_n with_o all_o wise_a commander_n shall_v be_v of_o great_a authority_n but_o unless_o brancatio_n give_v better_a reason_n for_o his_o opinion_n than_o mr._n lupton_n have_v do_v his_o judgement_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o authority_n with_o i_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o i_o be_o none_o of_o his_o wise_a commander_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o i_o have_v
this_o both_o of_o they_o promise_n to_o do_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v how_o they_o perform_v it_o brancatio_n admit_v no_o foot_n but_o harquebusier_n musket_n be_v rare_a when_o he_o pike_n brancatio_n his_o engine_n instead_o of_o the_o pike_n write_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o he_o be_v alive_a now_o he_o will_v call_v they_o musqueteer_n as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v and_o by_o that_o name_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o hereafter_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o countryman_n brancatio_n undertake_v to_o teach_v prince_n a_o invention_n how_o their_o musqueteer_n shall_v march_v in_o a_o open_a field_n or_o a_o raze_a champain_n either_o in_o squadron_n or_o man_n by_o man_n without_o run_v any_o hazard_n to_o be_v rout_v or_o overrun_v by_o any_o cavalry_n be_v it_o never_o so_o strong_a much_o less_o shall_v they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o batallion_n of_o pike_n but_o brancatio_n tell_v we_o not_o in_o his_o whole_a book_n what_o this_o invention_n be_v but_o keep_v it_o 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be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n to_o make_v but_o most_o difficult_a to_o imitate_v unless_o the_o order_n of_o it_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o withal_o he_o call_v it_o in_o the_o singular_a number_n a_o piece_n of_o armour_n now_o brancatio_n acknowledge_v no_o arm_n but_o sword_n or_o harquebusse_n for_o foot_n hence_o terduzzi_n conclude_v the_o invention_n must_v be_v some_o kind_n conjecture_v can_v be_v well_o conjecture_v of_o defensive_a arm_n and_o yet_o no_o great_a engine_n or_o machine_n while_o terduzzi_n be_v thus_o puzzle_v a_o italian_a gentleman_n tell_v he_o that_o brancatio_n have_v show_v he_o one_o of_o they_o and_o say_v it_o be_v a_o pike_n with_o a_o certain_a iron-triangle_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v on_o the_o ground_n any_o way_n always_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n shall_v stand_v up_o but_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v fix_v all_o the_o three_o angle_n stand_v in_o the_o air_n which_o when_o terduzzi_n have_v learn_v he_o look_v on_o it_o as_o so_o frivolous_a a_o piece_n of_o folly_n that_o he_o neither_o trouble_v himself_o nor_o we_o with_o any_o further_a discourse_n about_o it_o can_v this_o triangle_n be_v it_o never_o so_o great_a be_v any_o thing_n else_o than_o one_o of_o our_o calthrop_n with_o these_o it_o seem_v brancatio_n be_v to_o environ_v his_o firemen_n for_o he_o say_v his_o invention_n be_v only_o to_o defend_v the_o circumference_n whether_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o carry_v it_o or_o some_o other_o appoint_v for_o it_o we_o know_v not_o and_o many_o more_o particularity_n of_o that_o great_a secret_n must_v we_o want_v master_n lupton_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o squeamish_a as_o brancatio_n though_o we_o shall_v weapon_n mr._n luptons_n musket_n and_o half-pike_n one_o weapon_n present_o find_v he_o reserve_v enough_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o instead_o of_o both_o musket_n and_o pike_n he_o will_v have_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v both_o a_o musket_n and_o half_a pikâ—_n serve_v the_o infantry_n he_o much_o commend_v this_o piece_n and_o praise_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o excessive_o but_o he_o give_v we_o no_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v make_v i_o who_o never_o see_v it_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o he_o call_v it_o a_o musket_n and_o half-pike_n if_o so_o then_o two_o weapon_n but_o for_o most_o part_n he_o call_v it_o a_o weapon_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o therefore_o not_o two_o weapon_n he_o tell_v we_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v safe_a within_o the_o barricado_n of_o their_o steel_n palisadoe_n for_o so_o he_o call_v it_o by_o this_o the_o weapon_n shall_v be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o shall_v be_v use_v as_o the_o swedish_n feather_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v make_v but_o one_o weapon_n and_o the_o musket_n will_v make_v another_o he_o say_v this_o weapon_n may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o musket_n rest_v but_o if_o it_o have_v no_o more_o use_n than_o that_o experience_n will_v make_v it_o useless_a and_o at_o length_n he_o assure_v uâ—_n that_o this_o weapon_n the_o musquet-half-pike_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n spend_v by_o prince_n on_o pike_n headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o such_o stuff_n before_o but_o good_a god_n can_v a_o barricado_n of_o half-pike_n defend_v a_o man_n head_n and_o body_n so_o well_o from_o a_o shot_n as_o a_o head-piece_n or_o a_o corslet_n can_v and_o to_o conclude_v he_o direct_v all_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o new_a weapon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o artillery-garden_n at_o london_n where_o they_o may_v be_v satisfy_v in_o all_o their_o curiosity_n but_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o weapon_n which_o he_o cry_v up_o to_o be_v of_o so_o general_a a_o good_a and_o can_v bring_v so_o universal_a a_o advantage_n to_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o so_o narrow_a a_o plot_n of_o secret_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v a_o secret_n ground_n as_o the_o artillery_n or_o military_a garden_n and_o true_o i_o think_v that_o either_o the_o author_n of_o that_o invention_n or_o at_o least_o master_n lupton_n be_v oblige_v in_o charity_n to_o have_v communicate_v it_o to_o the_o hungarian_n transylvanian_n polonian_n and_o croatian_o to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o it_o from_o the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o german_n to_o obviate_v thereby_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o disadvantage_n which_o follow_v the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o pike_n the_o use_n whereof_o master_n lupton_n have_v condemn_v now_o though_o all_o along_o this_o chapter_n i_o have_v show_v but_o small_a inclination_n to_o agree_v with_o mr._n lupton_n for_o the_o lay_v aside_o the_o pike_n yet_o in_o the_o close_a of_o his_o book_n pike_n soldier_n shall_v be_v exercise_v and_o train_v with_o both_o musket_n and_o pike_n and_o this_o discourse_n we_o shall_v be_v good_a friend_n for_o he_o desire_v if_o the_o pike_n be_v not_o altogether_o abandon_v that_o all_o who_o carry_v it_o may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o musket_n likewise_o and_o this_o shall_v be_v my_o hearty_a desire_n likewise_o provide_v that_o all_o musqueteer_n may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n also_o for_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v very_o fit_a that_o every_o soldier_n be_v so_o train_v that_o he_o may_v as_o occasion_n offer_v be_v ready_a to_o make_v use_n of_o both_o weapon_n and_o for_o this_o i_o hope_v no_o discreet_a commander_n will_v fall_v out_o with_o either_o master_n lupton_n or_o i_o chap._n vii_o of_o gunpowder_n artillery_n its_o general_n and_z train_z if_o the_o chinois_n have_v the_o use_n of_o gun_n twelve_o or_o thirteen_o hundred_o year_n before_o china_n gun_n in_o china_n the_o european_n know_v what_o a_o thing_n a_o gun_n be_v as_o some_o fancy_n then_o they_o have_v gunpowder_n also_o at_o that_o time_n for_o without_o this_o gun_n be_v useless_a they_o talk_v of_o a_o king_n of_o china_n who_o be_v a_o great_a enchanter_n have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n by_o who_o help_n he_o invent_v gunpowder_n and_o artillery_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o defeat_v the_o tartar_n who_o have_v grievous_o afflict_v he_o and_o this_o king_n they_o say_v live_v not_o long_o after_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n if_o the_o use_n of_o artillery_n in_o that_o country_n be_v of_o so_o old_a a_o date_n i_o think_v the_o native_n shall_v long_v ever_o now_o have_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n of_o gunnery_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v have_v defend_v themselves_o in_o their_o late_a war_n with_o these_o same_o tartarian_n better_o than_o to_o have_v let_v they_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o their_o kingdom_n neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o
since_o their_o first_o foot_n in_o germany_n have_v have_v artillery_n swedish_n train_n of_o artillery_n the_o reputation_n to_o be_v the_o most_o exact_o compose_v and_o conduct_v by_o the_o most_o experiment_a artist_n of_o any_o in_o christendom_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o their_o artillery_n help_v they_o much_o to_o take_v so_o deep_a a_o foot_n in_o germany_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v since_o expel_v out_o of_o it_o though_o that_o have_v be_v much_o endeavour_v when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o the_o perfidy_n of_o the_o polonian_n be_v such_o that_o they_o deliver_v almost_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o after_o they_o have_v return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o the_o swede_n be_v at_o zamoiskie_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o it_o be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o artillery_n whereof_o john_n casimir_n be_v destitute_a that_o the_o swedish_n king_n traverse_v much_o of_o the_o length_n of_o poland_n in_o spite_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o polonian_n cross_v the_o weichsell_n and_o join_v with_o ragoski_n and_o after_o he_o be_v force_v to_o part_v with_o the_o transylvanian_a be_v invite_v to_o come_v near_a home_n by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n unseasonable_a declaration_n of_o a_o war_n against_o he_o he_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n and_o prussia_n too_o with_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a ill_o appoint_v and_o harassed_a army_n without_o any_o loss_n at_o all_o mere_o by_o the_o advantage_n he_o have_v of_o his_o train_n of_o artillery_n sweden_n furnish_v abundance_n of_o both_o copper_n and_o iron_n whereof_o great_a gun_n train_n sweden_n abound_v in_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o train_n and_o hand-gun_n be_v make_v and_o by_o art_n and_o industry_n that_o country_n have_v as_o much_o saltpetre_n as_o any_o kingdom_n can_v have_v and_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n it_o can_v want_v coal_n for_o make_v powder_n whereof_o they_o make_v such_o abundance_n as_o they_o 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war_n the_o first_o battle_n we_o read_v of_o in_o holy_a writ_n be_v when_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v beat_v and_o the_o prisoner_n and_o good_n rescue_v by_o abraham_n we_o find_v none_o of_o these_o nine_o king_n have_v any_o horseman_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o will_v fancy_v that_o abraham_n mount_v his_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o servant_n on_o horseback_n when_o he_o pursue_v chederlaomer_n amraphel_n and_o the_o other_o two_o king_n if_o we_o have_v not_o the_o warrant_n of_o holy_a writ_n for_o it_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n will_v have_v muster_v so_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o man_n in_o such_o short_a and_o narrow_a spot_n of_o ground_n as_o that_o whereof_o they_o be_v master_n and_o since_o we_o read_v not_o of_o any_o horse_n we_o may_v conclude_v all_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o foot_n nay_o more_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n be_v command_v not_o to_o 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the_o help_n of_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o go_v so_o far_o back_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n since_o the_o swisser_n with_o their_o foot-batallion_n without_o the_o help_n of_o one_o horseman_n dare_v fight_v against_o army_n compose_v of_o numerous_a foot_n horse_n and_o artillery_n witness_v their_o victory_n at_o novara_n over_o the_o french_a army_n wherein_o they_o destroy_v all_o the_o french_a infantry_n take_v all_o their_o cannon_n and_o chase_v away_o all_o their_o cavalry_n and_o francis_n the_o first_o know_v well_o what_o work_n they_o give_v he_o at_o martignan_n when_o he_o be_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o two_o brave_a army_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n one_o french_a the_o other_o venetian_n as_o you_o have_v it_o relate_v in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n the_o american_n follow_v the_o light_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n make_v fierce_a war_n among_o themselves_o before_o columbus_n 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horseback_n and_o let_v no_o man_n say_v that_o this_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o horse_n for_o so_o it_o continue_v to_o be_v when_o they_o be_v master_n of_o all_o italy_n spain_n france_n much_o of_o africa_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o greece_n how_o little_a james_n the_o five_o of_o scotland_n conceive_v horseman_n to_o be_v necessary_a in_o his_o army_n you_o may_v see_v in_o a_o act_n of_o his_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1640_o two_o year_n before_o his_o death_n wherein_o he_o ordain_v that_o if_o any_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o randezvouz_n on_o horseback_n he_o shall_v send_v back_o his_o horse_n with_o a_o footboy_n except_o earl_n lord_n and_o baron_n and_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v be_v because_o these_o horse_n destroy_v poor_a people_n corn_n and_o meadow_n and_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o his_o host_n where_o all_o man_n must_v fight_v on_o foot_n in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o these_o question_n 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and_o modern_a be_v and_o be_v constant_o entrust_v with_o the_o infantry_n the_o magazine_n of_o arm_n provision_n victual_n ammunition_n and_o money_n be_v entrust_v with_o the_o infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o castle_n fort_n port_n havens_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o prince_n his_o treasure_n and_o these_o make_v the_o vital_n not_o only_o of_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o state_n in_o fortify_v camp_n not_o only_o all_o these_o but_o even_o the_o cavalry_n itself_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o infantry_n who_o be_v to_o maintain_v and_o defend_v the_o rampart_n bastion_n and_o whole_a circumvallation_n of_o the_o camp_n with_o the_o infantry_n the_o prince_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n or_o his_o general_n or_o both_o constant_o intrust_v themselves_o and_o either_o
the_o one_o or_o other_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o army_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o where_o the_o great_a trust_n be_v there_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o consequent_o the_o infantry_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o cavalry_n these_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n he_o that_o command_v the_o whole_a phalanx_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a army_n stay_v with_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n so_o do_v all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o army_n and_o certain_o they_o have_v detachment_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v and_o the_o suntagmatarch_n of_o a_o foot_n phalanx_n have_v under_o his_o command_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o six_o man_n with_o colour_n and_o suitable_a officer_n how_o will_v the_o merry_a greek_n have_v laugh_v if_o this_o suntagmatarch_n who_o our_o captain_n sixty_o year_n ago_o in_o many_o place_n when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a do_v represent_v have_v be_v require_v to_o 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any_o centuriate_a in_o the_o legion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o reason_n i_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n the_o horse_n be_v constant_o command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n and_o peruse_v all_o the_o roman_a history_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o officer_n of_o horse_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o any_o of_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v their_o balist_n catupult_n their_o batter_a ram_n their_o ambulatory_a town_n their_o bridge_n and_o all_o the_o material_n whereof_o these_o be_v compose_v now_o these_o be_v the_o artillery_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o treasurer_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n all_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o altar_n and_o place_n of_o devotion_n and_o though_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v their_o petty_a standard_n and_o vexilla_fw-la yet_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n be_v constant_o entrust_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o first_o centurion_n who_o be_v a_o foot-officer_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o consul_n march_v lodge_v and_o fight_v all_o these_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o not_o to_o the_o horse_n show_v that_o these_o conqueror_n of_o the_o world_n esteem_v the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horse_n for_o still_o i_o say_v the_o more_o trust_v the_o more_o honour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o elect_a of_o gentleman_n for_o so_o i_o interpret_v the_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o have_v a_o precedency_n at_o door_n and_o table_n before_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n who_o be_v all_o levy_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o give_v they_o no_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o pretend_v to_o nor_o will_v the_o roman_a discipline_n which_o order_v the_o horse_n to_o ride_v the_o round_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n entitle_v these_o horseman_n to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o these_o guard_n of_o foot_n no_o more_o than_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v send_v to_o go_v a_o round_a with_o musqueteer_n to_o attend_v he_o will_v evince_v that_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o these_o guard_n or_o any_o centinel_n of_o they_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a round_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o those_o who_o send_v they_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o find_v the_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n yea_o these_o four_o roman_a horseman_n who_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n be_v command_v to_o lie_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o hut_n or_o tent_n of_o a_o centurion_n of_o foot_n which_o i_o think_v denote_v their_o subjection_n to_o he_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o these_o ancient_a roman_n to_o who_o arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n most_o of_o the_o world_n pay_v homage_n the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o that_o on_o horseback_n to_o confirm_v this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v there_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v the_o great_a honour_n now_o very_o often_o the_o roman_a consul_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n prevail_v in_o battle_n they_o call_v the_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o thither_o but_o mistake_v it_o not_o it_o be_v not_o to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o to_o make_v they_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o legionary_n which_o encourage_v the_o foot_n when_o they_o see_v the_o horse_n can_v not_o ride_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a to_o fight_v on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n the_o roman_n think_v fight_v on_o foot_n more_o honourable_a than_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o consequent_o the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horseman_n julius_n caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v practise_v this_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n he_o ever_o fight_v which_o be_v against_o the_o helvetian_o now_o call_v swisser_n to_o show_v good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o then_o cause_v all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o alight_v and_o as_o himself_o tell_v we_o cause_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v drive_v away_o a_o great_a way_n from_o that_o place_n of_o battle_n and_o so_o do_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a consul_n before_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o horseman_n be_v on_o foot_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v and_o so_o the_o decurion_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o horse_n receive_v their_o order_n from_o the_o centurion_n each_o whereof_o command_v sixty_o footman_n whereas_o the_o decurion_n have_v but_o the_o command_n of_o thirty_o so_o here_o we_o see_v officer_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n but_o never_o the_o contrary_n i_o find_v abâ—er_n joaâ—_n amasa_n fight_v still_o on_o foot_n and_o so_o do_v their_o master_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n so_o do_v saul_n before_o he_o and_o most_o of_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n after_o he_o except_o some_o who_o fight_v on_o chariot_n to_o their_o small_a advantage_n but_o none_o fight_v on_o horseback_n i_o believe_v absalon_n fight_v on_o foot_n though_o after_o his_o rebellious_a army_n be_v rout_v he_o mount_v on_o a_o mule_n to_o carry_v he_o away_o with_o more_o haste_n than_o good_a speed_n many_o king_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n since_o gunpowder_n make_v a_o noise_n have_v fight_v on_o foot_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n fight_v nine_o battle_n on_o foot_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v so_o frequent_o and_o if_o king_n james_n the_o four_o be_v kill_v at_o flowdon_n he_o be_v slay_v fight_v on_o foot_n and_o all_o these_o be_v 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our_o first_o parent_n have_v not_o rebel_v against_o their_o creator_n their_o posterity_n have_v enjoy_v a_o everlasting_a peace_n and_o so_o such_o a_o person_n as_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o have_v be_v very_o unnecessary_a but_o i_o assure_v myself_o never_o man_n except_o adam_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o perfection_n be_v endue_v with_o these_o gift_n wherewith_o some_o notional_a author_n will_v have_v a_o captain_n general_n to_o be_v qualify_v he_o must_v say_v general_n a_o notional_a description_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n they_o be_v pious_a towards_o god_n just_a towards_o man_n and_o loyal_a to_o his_o master_n he_o must_v be_v very_o affable_a very_o wise_a of_o a_o sudden_a and_o quick_a apprehension_n of_o a_o solid_a judgement_n and_o happy_a memory_n he_o must_v be_v very_o severe_a in_o his_o command_n and_o yet_o very_o merciful_a he_o must_v be_v liberal_a and_o free_a from_o all_o manner_n of_o avarice_n painful_a magnanimous_a and_o courageous_a 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army_n banier_n the_o first_o felt-marshal_n command_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o cavalry_n leslie_n the_o second_o felt-marshal_n command_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o avantguard_n lieutenant_n general_n king_n the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n lieutenant_n general_n vitsdrun_n the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o reserve_v and_o major_a general_n ruthven_n the_o left_a but_o in_o ancient_a time_n a_o general_n of_o a_o army_n choose_v to_o stand_v where_o he_o please_v and_o where_o he_o think_v his_o presence_n can_v be_v most_o steadable_a so_o pompey_n make_v his_o station_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o his_o army_n at_o pharsalia_n which_o caesar_n observe_v choose_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o he_o that_o he_o may_v be_v opposite_a to_o his_o grand_a competitor_n and_o i_o know_v nothing_o can_v tie_v a_o general_n in_o our_o time_n to_o take_v a_o station_n or_o no_o station_n to_o himself_o but_o as_o he_o please_v for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v he_o 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of_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o battle_n the_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o reserve_v and_o the_o major_a general_n of_o the_o foot_n on_o the_o left_a and_o keep_v himself_o free_a from_o any_o one_o station_n to_o ride_v with_o his_o adjutant_n and_o guard_n where_o he_o think_v his_o presence_n be_v most_o necessary_a and_o short_o to_o be_v a_o ubiquitary_a that_o be_v restrict_v to_o no_o place_n he_o may_v be_v every_o ubiquitary_a a_o general_n a_o ubiquitary_a where_n if_o he_o have_v more_o general_a field_n officer_n than_o these_o just_a now_o mention_v he_o may_v place_v three_o more_o one_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o second_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n and_o the_o three_o on_o the_o left_a
all_o that_o attend_v the_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n to_o mount_v upon_o mule_n and_o sumpter-horse_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o some_o near_a hill_n and_o wood_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o fight_n to_o make_v a_o show_n as_o if_o they_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o gaul_n pass_v to_o their_o camp_n which_o the_o muleteer_n do_v upon_o a_o sign_n from_o the_o dictator_n the_o gaul_n immediate_o flee_v such_o a_o stratagein_o do_v king_n robert_n bruce_n happy_o use_v against_o edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n in_o the_o battle_n near_o sterling_n but_o always_o not_o always_o the_o like_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o french_a at_o agincourt_n against_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o issue_n contrary_a to_o the_o thing_n intend_v it_o have_v be_v always_o and_o ever_o will_v be_v a_o rule_n of_o war_n thaâ—_n no_o man_n offer_v to_o plunder_v or_o look_v for_o booty_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o chase_v rout_v no_o plunder_v till_o a_o enemy_n be_v total_o rout_v out_o of_o the_o field_n but_o for_o most_o part_n it_o be_v ill_o observe_v when_o parmenio_n at_o arbela_n send_v word_n to_o his_o master_n alexander_n that_o the_o perstans_fw-la be_v fall_v on_o the_o baggage_n which_o be_v but_o slender_o guard_v it_o be_v well_o answer_v of_o that_o great_a prince_n let_v say_v he_o the_o enemy_n be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o good_n that_o belong_v to_o my_o army_n so_o i_o over_o master_v he_o for_o than_o i_o shall_v recover_v my_o own_o and_o get_v his_o to_o boot_n the_o not_o observe_v this_o rule_n lose_v the_o christian_n the_o victory_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o agria_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o janquo_n in_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1644._o if_o i_o mistake_v instanced_a instanced_a not_o the_o imperialist_n be_v well_o near_a master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o so_o far_o that_o several_a brigade_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v run_v away_o and_o very_o many_o of_o their_o officer_n be_v take_v prisoner_n but_o they_o fall_v too_o soon_o to_o the_o plunder_v of_o the_o swedish_n wagon_n which_o torstensone_n christina_n felt-marshal_n do_v not_o offer_v to_o rescue_v though_o his_o own_o lady_n be_v take_v with_o they_o but_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n disorder_n and_o with_o fresh_a and_o courageous_a troop_n pluck_v the_o victory_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n beat_v they_o out_o of_o the_o field_n recover_v his_o lady_n all_o his_o prisoner_n and_o baggage_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o imperial_a coach_n and_o wagon_n take_v number_n of_o prisoner_n and_o among_o they_o him_z who_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o count_n of_o hatsfeld_n i_o know_v not_o how_o the_o proposition_n of_o some_o will_v relish_v with_o our_o great_a captain_n that_o some_o lusty_a strong_a man_n shall_v be_v arm_v with_o headpiece_n and_o corslet_n and_o long_a and_o large_a target_n all_o musket-proof_n and_o a_o rank_n of_o these_o ser_v together_o order_v to_o march_v before_o every_o batallion_n of_o pike_n and_o so_o protect_v they_o from_o shot_n till_o they_o be_v within_o two_o pike_n length_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v make_v use_n of_o their_o own_o weapon_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v approve_v or_o not_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n to_o order_v every_o pike_n man_n to_o have_v at_o his_o girdle_n a_o pistol_n with_o a_o barrel_n two_o foot_n long_o whereof_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n may_v make_v use_n before_o they_o present_v their_o pike_n and_o the_o other_o three_o fire_n over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o who_o be_v before_o they_o in_o the_o time_n they_o be_v charge_v now_o the_o battle_n be_v do_v and_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o well_o fight_v battle_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v after_o the_o battle_n that_o none_o of_o the_o army_n can_v boast_v of_o victory_n but_o that_o both_o have_v leave_v the_o place_n of_o combat_n as_o it_o be_v by_o mutual_a consent_n or_o that_o they_o be_v part_v by_o night_n then_o either_o both_o prepare_v to_o fight_v next_o day_n or_o the_o one_o find_v those_o want_n of_o which_o the_o other_o have_v no_o knowledge_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o darkness_n and_o retire_v to_o some_o place_n of_o security_n where_o he_o may_v provide_v for_o his_o hurt_a man_n be_v furnish_v with_o what_o he_o want_v recruit_v his_o force_n and_o so_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o enemy_n further_a progress_n and_o this_o no_o doubt_n be_v a_o tacit_a acknowledgement_n that_o he_o yield_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o he_o who_o keep_v the_o field_n but_o this_o be_v never_o lay_v in_o balance_n by_o any_o prudent_a captain_n with_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o army_n the_o loss_n whereof_o may_v lose_v the_o prince_n his_o master_n more_o than_o such_o a_o punctilio_n of_o honour_n which_o at_o a_o more_o fortunate_a rencounter_n may_v quick_o be_v recover_v but_o if_o both_o resolve_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n next_o day_n then_o both_o prepare_v for_o it_o the_o wounded_z be_v send_v away_o ammunition_n be_v give_v out_o and_o those_o who_o be_v sound_a be_v refresh_v and_o encourage_v this_o fall_v out_o but_o seldom_o though_o sometime_o it_o have_v happen_v the_o victory_n be_v pronounce_v to_o be_v his_o victory_n badge_n of_o victory_n who_o remain_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o both_o fight_v and_o in_o ancient_a time_n he_o acknowledge_v himself_o to_o be_v vanquish_v who_o desire_v liberty_n to_o bury_v his_o dead_a bernard_n duke_n of_o saxon_n weymar_n have_v besiege_v reinfeld_n and_o two_o imperial_a army_n come_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o fight_v both_o till_o night_n part_v the_o fray_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o imperialist_n get_v between_o he_o and_o the_o besiege_a town_n and_o so_o succour_v it_o upon_o which_o the_o duke_n retire_v and_o leave_v his_o enemy_n the_o badge_n of_o victory_n but_o with_o a_o resolution_n to_o return_v and_o throw_v the_o dye_n of_o war_n once_o more_o as_o he_o do_v as_o you_o shall_v hear_v anon_o when_o a_o entire_a victory_n be_v obtain_v he_o who_o have_v lose_v the_o day_n shall_v not_o lose_v do_v what_o a_o vanquish_a general_n shall_v do_v his_o courage_n too_o but_o aught_o to_o gather_v up_o his_o shipwreck_n rally_v his_o disperse_a and_o break_a troop_n get_v new_a recruit_n dissemble_v his_o loss_n encourage_v his_o party_n and_o draw_v to_o a_o head_n again_o these_o be_v thing_n practise_v by_o all_o intelligent_a general_n withal_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o convenient_a diligence_n send_v a_o trumpeter_n to_o the_o victorious_a general_n to_o demand_v a_o list_n of_o his_o prisoner_n which_o when_o he_o have_v get_v he_o shall_v make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o get_v they_o ransom_v or_o exchange_v and_o this_o be_v a_o duty_n he_o owe_v to_o prudence_n honour_n and_o conscience_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n he_o who_o have_v gain_v the_o victory_n may_v lose_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v do_v what_o a_o victorious_a general_n shall_v do_v secure_a for_o a_o resolute_a enemy_n may_v soon_o take_v he_o nap_v as_o that_o same_o duke_n of_o weymar_n do_v the_o imperial_a army_n that_o have_v beat_v he_o for_o have_v get_v together_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n that_o be_v not_o with_o he_o at_o his_o late_a overthrow_n he_o return_v and_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o imperialist_n who_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o thing_n and_o obtain_v so_o complete_a a_o victory_n over_o they_o that_o he_o make_v all_o the_o general_a person_n his_o prisoner_n who_o be_v lead_v into_o paris_n in_o triumph_n duc_n de_fw-fr savelli_n a_o italian_a be_v one_o of_o they_o who_o escape_v afterward_o out_o of_o prison_n but_o the_o deep_a contemplation_n of_o the_o sudden_a change_n of_o fortune_n in_o his_o military_a employment_n move_v he_o to_o make_v a_o exchange_n of_o his_o helmet_n with_o a_o cardinal_n cap._n it_o be_v for_o that_o that_o he_o who_o command_v a_o victorious_a army_n shall_v not_o in_o sloth_n pass_v away_o his_o time_n but_o improve_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o his_o master_n and_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n among_o the_o ancient_n hannibal_n be_v tax_v that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v victory_n whereof_o two_o other_o one_o before_o he_o and_o another_o after_o he_o can_v never_o be_v accuse_v and_o those_o be_v the_o great_a alexander_n and_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n to_o retire_v after_o a_o battle_n or_o a_o brisk_a rencounter_n lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o retreat_n next_o the_o sight_v well_o and_o win_v of_o a_o battle_n the_o three_o great_a
force_n or_o in_o a_o retreat_n to_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o a_o enemy_n furious_a pursuit_n and_o this_o ratio_fw-la belli_n in_o such_o case_n have_v ratio_fw-la physica_fw-la in_o the_o belly_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o amputation_n by_o cut_v one_o member_n off_o to_o save_v the_o whole_a body_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o give_v over_o a_o fortify_v place_n without_o a_o noble_a and_o death_n to_o give_v over_o with_o small_a or_o no_o resistance_n punishable_a with_o death_n soldierlike_a resistance_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o come_v near_o to_o that_o of_o treason_n for_o it_o be_v indeed_o tradere_fw-la urbem_fw-la in_o potestatem_fw-la hostess_fw-la to_o betray_v the_o town_n into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o ancient_n so_o it_o be_v yet_o punishable_a with_o shameful_a death_n monluc_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o commentary_n that_o don_n arbre_fw-mi a_o spanish_a colonel_n cause_v a_o captain_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o the_o bridge_n instance_n instance_n of_o asturia_n a_o town_n in_o piedmont_n without_o process_n or_o hear_v he_o for_o give_v over_o a_o castle_n without_o a_o assault_n and_o he_o say_v he_o know_v the_o like_a severity_n use_v to_o other_o for_o crime_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o year_n 1632._o gustavus_n adolphus_n take_v a_o town_n in_o bavaria_n call_v reene_a in_o two_o day_n time_n and_o leave_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v governor_n there_o who_o be_v besiege_v short_o after_o and_o keep_v out_o the_o town_n eight_o day_n but_o because_o the_o king_n his_o master_n think_v he_o have_v give_v it_o over_o too_o soon_o he_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v strike_v from_o his_o shoulder_n in_o the_o year_n 1636._o jane_n deverth_n and_o some_o other_o imperial_a and_o spanish_a general_n destroy_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o picardy_n and_o burn_v many_o village_n at_o that_o time_n the_o governor_n of_o chastelet_n have_v abundance_n of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n base_o give_v it_o over_o and_o though_o he_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n yet_o be_v he_o by_o the_o french_a king_n command_v hang_v in_o essigiâ—_n corvey_n a_o very_a strong_a place_n be_v also_o cowardly_o give_v over_o to_o the_o spaniard_n who_o put_v a_o garrison_n into_o it_o the_o governor_n whereof_o deliver_v it_o back_o to_o the_o french_a soon_o than_o he_o need_v for_o which_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o first_o town_n of_o artois_n where_o there_o be_v a_o garrison_n he_o be_v command_v to_o alight_v from_o his_o horse_n kneel_v at_o the_o port_n and_o without_o other_o process_n have_v his_o head_n strike_v off_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o hangman_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1637._o the_o suedish_n felt-marshal_n banier_n garrison_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o luneburg_n which_o castle_n they_o call_v kalkberg_n and_o appoint_v one_o colonel_n stammer_v to_o be_v governor_n of_o it_o who_o not_o long_o after_o yield_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n without_o resistance_n pretend_v for_o his_o vindication_n to_o a_o court_n of_o war_n that_o his_o conscience_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o occasion_n so_o much_o blood_n to_o be_v shed_v as_o he_o know_v will_v be_v spill_v if_o he_o offer_v to_o defend_v the_o castle_n but_o the_o court_n make_v no_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n to_o pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o he_o which_o by_o banier_n command_n be_v execute_v at_o stâ—tin_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n as_o find_v the_o colonel_n conscience_n dangerous_o and_o ridiculous_o mislead_v by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n have_v discourse_v thus_o far_o of_o the_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n i_o shall_v tell_v my_o reader_n that_o some_o be_v please_v upon_o this_o subject_a to_o start_v a_o question_n which_o be_v this_o whether_o all_o place_n which_o prince_n and_o state_n intend_v to_o maintain_v with_o start_v a_o question_n start_v garrison_n shall_v be_v fortify_v a-la-modern_a that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o fortification_n with_o curtain_n gorges_n face_n and_o flank_n of_o bulwark_n faux_fw-fr bray_v ditch_n counterscarp_n and_o outwork_n or_o if_o a_o place_n fortify_v a_o l'antique_a or_o the_o ancient_a manner_n may_v without_o prejudice_n be_v keep_v and_o defend_v as_o it_o be_v there_o be_v reason_n pro_fw-la and_o con_v but_o some_o judicious_a person_n who_o have_v observe_v the_o practice_n of_o our_o modern_a war_n in_o europe_n these_o sixty_o year_n bypass_a especial_o in_o the_o long_a german_a war_n where_o many_o fort_n be_v take_v and_o retake_a where_o many_o place_n only_o fortify_v in_o the_o ancient_a way_n remain_v inexpugnable_a notwithstanding_o obstinate_a sieges_n form_v against_o they_o have_v in_o they_o but_o small_a garrison_n of_o soldier_n assist_v by_o stout_a and_o resolute_a inhabitant_n whereas_o other_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n fortify_v with_o all_o the_o new_a invention_n of_o art_n have_v either_o sudden_o be_v take_v by_o force_n or_o soon_o bring_v to_o surrender_v on_o article_n i_o say_v they_o doubt_v not_o answer_v answer_v to_o aver_v that_o a_o town_n which_o have_v a_o strong_a stone_n wall_n observe_v here_o that_o the_o hard_a stone_n be_v soon_o breach_v with_o tower_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o with_o dry_a and_o deep_a ditch_n a_o good_a and_o firm_a counterscarp_n without_o any_o outwork_n wherein_o man_n be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o fort_n this_o town_n defend_v by_o a_o resolute_a and_o indifferent_o well_o experience_v governor_n second_v by_o stout_a and_o valiant_a soldier_n and_o burgess_n though_o not_o very_o numerous_a may_v make_v as_o good_a and_o as_o long_o if_o not_o a_o stout_a and_o long_a resistance_n than_o a_o town_n fortify_v a-la-modern_a câ—teris_fw-la paribus_fw-la that_o be_v the_o one_o be_v provide_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o with_o 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it_o he_o be_v liable_a to_o punishment_n as_o a_o traitor_n but_o if_o he_o serve_v he_o only_o as_o a_o mercenary_a it_o seem_v disputable_a for_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n punish_v such_o of_o their_o own_o as_o serve_v the_o enemy_n with_o death_n but_o not_o their_o auxiliary_n unless_o they_o have_v run_v over_o from_o they_o to_o the_o enemy_n but_o that_o be_v not_o the_o question_n for_o all_o runaway_n deserve_v death_n but_o these_o i_o speak_v of_o be_v not_o such_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o valiant_a knight_n capuz_n muden_n who_o have_v do_v charles_n the_o five_o great_a service_n but_o severity_n severity_n be_v none_o of_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o french_a in_o piedmont_n and_o have_v often_o and_o in_o vain_a solicit_v for_o his_o exchange_n or_o ransom_n he_o take_v service_n under_o the_o french_a king_n and_o after_o that_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n in_o artois_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o his_o defence_n have_v his_o head_n cut_v 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like_a he_o will_v have_v buy_v they_o from_o his_o own_o officer_n if_o he_o have_v not_o think_v they_o have_v some_o right_n to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war._n the_o great_a cyrus_n do_v well_o in_o preserve_v the_o honour_n and_o chastity_n of_o the_o fair_a panthea_n take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n but_o it_o some_o instance_n of_o it_o he_o have_v do_v better_a to_o have_v send_v she_o home_o to_o her_o husband_n abradates_n alexander_n do_v well_o to_o use_n darius_n his_o mother_n wife_n and_o daughter_n honourable_o but_o he_o have_v do_v better_a to_o have_v send_v they_o home_o to_o the_o persian_a king_n either_o for_o or_o without_o ransom_n selimus_n the_o first_o as_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n as_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v show_v more_o generosity_n in_o this_o point_n than_o both_o of_o they_o for_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o turk_n cannon_n have_v rather_o fright_v the_o persian_a horse_n than_o chase_v the_o sophi_n isaâ—ael_n out_o of_o the_o calderan_n plain_n his_o horseman_n take_v a_o number_n of_o noble_a persian_a lady_n prisoner_n who_o the_o great_a turk_n send_v home_o to_o their_o husband_n without_o ransom_n and_o without_o any_o violence_n do_v to_o their_o person_n or_o honour_n but_o prisoner_n of_o war_n have_v get_v fair_a quarter_n promise_v they_o and_o honest_o christian_n slavery_n remit_v by_o christian_n keep_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o assure_o they_o must_v be_v either_o enslave_v exchange_v or_o ransom_v as_o to_o the_o first_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o after_o the_o great_a constantine_n suffer_v the_o christian_a faith_n to_o be_v preach_v without_o interruption_n over_o most_o of_o the_o then_o know_a world_n man_n remit_v much_o of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o â—_z to_o prisoner_n and_o slavery_n which_o make_v man_n differ_v but_o
be_v that_o of_o the_o garter_n institute_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n under_o the_o patrociny_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n be_v under_o saint_n andrew_n john_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o star_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n owen_n say_v the_o french_a as_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n lovis_n the_o eleven_o institute_v that_o of_o saint_n michael_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o that_o kingdom_n and_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bou_fw-fr duke_n of_o burgundy_n institute_v the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n those_o of_o the_o annunciation_n christina_n queen_n of_o sueden_n institute_v a_o new_a order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o she_o will_v 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of_o calatrava_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n the_o master_n of_o which_o order_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o power_n his_o son_n alphonse_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o dangeron_n war_n with_o the_o moor_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n which_o have_v since_o come_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o spain_n but_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o catholic_n king_n make_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o pope_n master_n of_o these_o order_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o have_v war_n with_o both_o the_o saracen_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jesus_n christ_n about_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o queen_n of_o navarre_n cause_v 12_o d'albret_a jane_n d'albret_a great_a medal_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o she_o distribute_v among_o 12_o of_o the_o most_o 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