the_o first_o article_n viz._n compass_v and_o imagine_v of_o the_o king_n death_n for_o overt-act_n seem_v to_o be_v oppose_v to_o something_o of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n act_n be_v oppose_v proper_o to_o thought_n overt_a be_v proper_o oppose_v to_o secret_a and_o that_o sort_n of_o treason_n consist_v in_o secret_a thought_n and_o internal_a purpose_n can_v be_v know_v try_v and_o judge_v of_o without_o be_v disclose_v and_o manifest_v by_o some_o external_a open_a act_n wherefore_o it_o be_v pertinent_a and_o reasonable_a in_o order_n to_o attaint_v a_o man_n of_o such_o treason_n that_o the_o indictment_n shall_v charge_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o act_n as_o well_o as_o the_o thought_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v but_o such_o order_n or_o manner_n do_v not_o seem_v so_o natural_a or_o necessary_a in_o frame_v indictment_n for_o other_o treason_n where_o the_o treason_n consist_v in_o visible_a or_o discernible_a fact_n as_o levy_v war_n etc._n etc._n nevertheless_o i_o think_v a_o overt-act_n ought_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n give_v they_o aid_n and_o comfort_n and_o the_o overt-act_n or_o act_n in_o this_o case_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o particular_a action_n mean_n or_o manner_n by_o which_o the_o aid_n and_o comfort_n be_v give_v my_o lord_n cook_n declare_v his_o opinion_n to_o this_o purpose_n his_o word_n which_o i_o read_v out_o of_o his_o book_n here_o be_v these_o the_o composition_n and_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v viz._n thereof_o be_v attaint_v by_o overt_a deed_n this_n say_v he_o relate_v to_o the_o several_a and_o distinct_a treason_n before_o express_v and_o especial_o to_o the_o compass_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o it_o be_v secret_a in_o the_o heart_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o article_n of_o treason_n before_o express_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o be_v four_o 1._o compass_v etc._n etc._n 2._o violate_v the_o queen_n etc._n etc._n 3._o levy_v war_n and_o 4._o this_o of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o set_v forth_o any_o overt_a act_n concern_v the_o 2_o d._n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o article_n express_v so_o particular_a a_o fact_n i_o do_v observe_v also_o that_o these_o word_n be_v thereof_o attaint_v by_o overt_a fact_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n immediate_o follow_v this_o article_n of_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a violence_n to_o construe_v they_o to_o refer_v to_o the_o first_o article_n only_o and_o not_o to_o this_o last_o to_o which_o they_o be_v thus_o connect_v if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o single_a article_n it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o construe_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o this_o of_o adhere_v only_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o which_o i_o insist_v on_o be_v this_o whether_o the_o indictment_n will_v be_v good_a without_o express_v the_o special_a overt-act_n if_o it_o be_v than_o this_o be_v a_o surplusage_n and_o we_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n without_o express_v it_o than_o we_o be_v confine_v to_o it_o mr._n phipps_n i_o believe_v mr._n solicitor_n never_o see_v a_o indictment_n of_o this_o kind_n without_o a_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o it_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n can_v you_o prove_v the_o fact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o certain_o the_o indictment_n without_o mention_v particular_a act_n of_o adherance_n will_v not_o be_v good_a mr._n cowper_n yes_o my_o lord_n and_o as_o to_o the_o evidence_n before_o you_o we_o will_v only_o offer_v this_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o indictment_n be_v lay_v general_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o another_o place_n levy_v of_o war_n and_o nothing_o more_o particular_a it_o will_v be_v good_a i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o but_o when_o there_o be_v lay_v a_o particular_a act_n of_o adhere_v we_o may_v give_v in_o evidence_n matter_n to_o strengthen_v the_o direct_a proof_n of_o that_o particular_a act_n of_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n though_o that_o matter_n be_v not_o special_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o the_o act_n go_v only_o to_o this_o that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v not_o be_v convict_v unless_o you_o prove_v against_o he_o the_o over-act_n special_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o whether_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v hear_v to_o make_v the_o other_o overt-act_n which_o be_v lay_v the_o more_o probable_a now_o we_o have_v lay_v a_o special_a overt-act_n in_o the_o indictment_n and_o we_o have_v produce_v evidence_n of_o it_o and_o we_o will_v produce_v likewise_o collateral_a evidence_n to_o induce_v a_o firm_a belief_n of_o that_o special_a overt-act_n by_o show_v you_o that_o he_o have_v make_v it_o his_o practice_n during_o the_o war_n to_o aid_v and_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n but_o if_o the_o jury_n do_v not_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a overtact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n they_o can_v find_v he_o guilty_a by_o the_o proof_n of_o any_o other_o overt-act_n not_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o if_o we_o prove_v he_o have_v make_v this_o his_o practice_n in_o other_o instance_n during_o the_o war_n whether_o that_o proof_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v mr._n phipps_n my_o lord_n i_o desire_v the_o act_n may_v be_v read_v it_o express_o contradict_v what_o mr._n cowper_n say_v for_o it_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n the_o act_n be_v read_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v you_o may_v give_v evidence_n of_o a_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o indictment_n if_o it_o conduce_v to_o prove_v one_o that_o be_v in_o it_o as_o consult_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v a_o rebellion_n be_v 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a_o direct_a tendency_n to_o it_o you_o may_v prove_v mr._n cowper_n we_o have_v lay_v the_o overt-act_n that_o he_o do_v voluntary_o put_v himself_o on_o board_n this_o vessel_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o loyal_a clancarty_n and_o do_v go_v to_o sea_n in_o she_o and_o cruise_n with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o subject_n now_o part_n of_o the_o overt-act_n be_v his_o intention_n in_o the_o act_n of_o cruise_v we_o do_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o take_v one_o ship_n so_o that_o his_o intention_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o overt-act_n and_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v to_o make_v his_o cruise_a criminal_a that_o he_o design_v to_o take_v the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o we_o think_v it_o a_o proper_a proof_n of_o his_o intention_n to_o show_v that_o during_o this_o war_n before_o and_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treason_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n he_o be_v a_o cruiser_n upon_o and_o taker_n of_o the_o king_n ship_n and_o this_o fortify_v the_o direct_a proof_n give_v of_o his_o intention_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n i_o can_v agree_v to_o that_o because_o you_o go_v not_o about_o to_o prove_v what_o he_o do_v in_o the_o vessel_n call_v the_o loyal_a clancarty_n but_o that_o he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o commit_v depredation_n on_o the_o king_n subject_n so_o he_o may_v but_o in_o another_o ship_n now_o because_o a_o man_n have_v a_o design_n to_o commit_v depredation_n on_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o one_o ship_n do_v that_o prove_v he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o do_v it_o in_o another_o mr._n phipps_n he_o be_v cruise_v in_o the_o clancarty_n that_o be_v the_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o overt-act_n you_o
to_o the_o king_n enemy_n but_o say_v not_o against_o the_o king_n now_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v in_o war_n not_o only_o with_o england_n but_o holland_n and_o spain_n and_o the_o emperor_n but_o if_o a_o man_n join_v with_o the_o french_a against_o any_o of_o they_o he_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v lay_v it_o that_o he_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n contra_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la it_o must_v be_v aid_v and_o comfort_v they_o against_o the_o king_n that_o make_v the_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n it_o do_v say_v so_o mr._n phipps_n no_o my_o lord_n it_o only_o say_v that_o captain_n vaughan_n do_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o do_v not_o say_v it_o be_v against_o the_o king_n and_o if_o that_o be_v treason_n be_v what_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o he_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n it_o must_v be_v against_o the_o king_n though_o he_o assist_v they_o only_o against_o the_o king_n ally_n for_o thereby_o the_o king_n enemy_n may_v be_v more_o encourage_v and_o enable_v to_o do_v mischief_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o king_n suppose_v you_o assist_v the_o french_a king_n against_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n that_o be_v now_o in_o alliance_n and_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o french_a in_o actual_a enmity_n that_o be_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o the_o king_n mr._n phipps_n will_v that_o be_v treason_n my_o lord_n l._n c._n j._n holt_n yes_o certain_o though_o that_o be_v not_o a_o point_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o not_o necessary_a to_o be_v determine_v now_o for_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 25_o of_o e._n 3_o define_v treason_n in_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o express_v the_o overt-act_n in_o give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o allege_v the_o treason_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n a_o overt-act_n allege_v show_v it_o to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o adherence_n he_o do_v so_o and_o so_o he_o be_v a_o captain_n and_o soldier_n in_o the_o ship_n do_v join_v with_o the_o king_n enemy_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n ship_n sure_o that_o be_v most_o manifest_a a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o the_o king_n mr._n phipps_n the_o overt-act_n if_o it_o be_v allege_v sufficient_o will_v not_o help_v it_o for_o if_o there_o can_v be_v a_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n that_o be_v not_o treason_n they_o ought_v to_o allege_v such_o adhere_n as_o be_v treason_n and_o if_o the_o treason_n itself_o be_v not_o well_o allege_v the_o overt-act_n will_v not_o help_v it_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n there_o be_v a_o overt-act_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v against_o the_o king_n it_o be_v say_v all_o along_o he_o be_v in_o this_o vessel_n clancarty_n cum_fw-la diversis_fw-la subditis_fw-la mr._n phipps_n but_o then_o that_o overt-act_n be_v not_o well_o allege_v for_o it_o be_v say_v only_o he_o go_v a_o cruize_v whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v allege_v that_o he_o do_v commit_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v some_o of_o the_o king_n ship_n for_o cruize_v alone_o can_v be_v a_o overt-act_n for_o he_o may_v be_v cruize_v to_o secure_v the_o french_a merchant_n ship_n from_o be_v take_v or_o for_o many_o other_o purpose_n which_o will_v not_o be_v a_o overact_n of_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n suppose_v the_o french_a king_n with_o forces_z shall_v come_v to_o dunkirk_n with_o a_o design_n to_o invade_v england_n if_o any_o one_o shall_v send_v he_o victual_n or_o give_v he_o intelligence_n or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n contribute_v to_o their_o assistance_n it_o will_v be_v high-treason_n in_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n mr._n phipps_n if_o the_o french_a king_n have_v design_v a_o invasion_n upon_o england_n and_o captain_n vaughan_n have_v assist_v in_o his_o vessel_n in_o forward_v the_o invasion_n it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n but_o here_o be_v nothing_o mention_v but_o cruize_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n cruize_v about_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n ship_n mr._n phipps_n that_o design_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v appear_v by_o some_o act_n of_o hostility_n for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burton_n and_o bradshaw_n and_o other_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n cite_v the_o agree_v to_o rise_v and_o pull_v down_o enclosure_n and_o meeting_n and_o provide_v arm_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v agree_v not_o to_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n and_o they_o be_v indict_v for_o conspire_v to_o levy_v war_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n eliz._n and_o in_o this_o case_n here_o be_v only_o a_o conspire_v and_o nothing_o attempt_v it_o can_v be_v no_o more_o treason_n than_o it_o be_v in_o that_o case_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n when_o man_n form_v themselves_o into_o a_o body_n and_o march_v rank_a and_o file_n with_o weapon_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n with_o open_a force_n if_o the_o design_n be_v public_a do_v you_o think_v when_o a_o ship_n be_v arm_v with_o gun_n etc._n etc._n do_v appear_v on_o the_o coast_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o burn_v the_o king_n ship_n in_o the_o harbour_n and_o their_o design_n be_v know_v and_o one_o go_v to_o they_o and_o aid_n and_o assist_v they_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n here_o be_v two_o indictment_n one_o for_o levy_v war_n and_o the_o other_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n but_o the_o adhere_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v prinncipal_o insist_v on_o and_o there_o must_v be_v a_o actual_a war_n prove_v upon_o the_o person_n indict_v in_o the_o one_o yet_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o other_o case_n mr._n phipps_n the_o same_o certain_o be_v necessary_a in_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o for_o bare_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v not_o treason_n but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o actual_a aid_v and_o comfort_v they_o and_o a_o mere_a intention_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n be_v not_o a_o adherence_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o there_o be_v not_o high-treason_n in_o the_o act_n allege_v that_o be_v if_o it_o do_v not_o make_v out_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n than_o your_o objection_n will_v hold_v good_a mr._n phipps_n the_o go_v to_o cruize_v my_o lord_n do_v not_o make_v out_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n for_o his_o cruize_v may_v be_v for_o other_o purpose_n as_o well_o as_o to_o take_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o your_o lordship_n will_v intend_v the_o best_a in_o favour_n of_o life_n mr._n whitaker_n to_o burn_v the_o king_n ship_n l._n c._n j._n treby_n the_o indictment_n be_v lay_v for_o adhere_v to_o and_o comfort_v and_o aid_v the_o king_n enemy_n you_o will_v take_v that_o to_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v construe_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o other_o respect_n but_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a construction_n of_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o their_o enmity_n what_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o subject_a it_o be_v to_o sight_n with_o and_o subdue_v and_o weaken_v the_o king_n enemy_n and_o contrary_n to_o this_o if_o he_o confederate_a with_o and_o strengthen_v the_o king_n enemy_n he_o express_o contradict_v this_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o treason_n of_o adhere_v to_o they_o but_o than_o you_o say_v here_o be_v no_o aid_v unless_o there_o be_v something_o do_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n now_o here_o be_v go_v a_o board_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o do_v such_o act_n and_o be_v not_o that_o comfort_a and_o aid_v certain_o it_o be_v be_v not_o the_o french_a king_n comfort_v and_o 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