except_v the_o possession_n of_o such_o as_o have_v oppose_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o lawful_a right_n as_o derive_v from_o the_o testament_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o thereby_o be_v make_v a_o pretence_n of_o legal_a forfeiture_n in_o all_o that_o resist_v he_o but_o this_o blow_n to_o so_o many_o estate_n and_o family_n be_v give_v at_o once_o and_o no_o more_o renew_v on_o the_o contrary_a justice_n be_v administer_v equal_o to_o the_o english_a man_n upon_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o norman_n who_o presume_v upon_o the_o king_n favour_n in_o prejudice_n of_o right_n and_o of_o those_o law_n he_o have_v confirm_v or_o establish_v whereof_o one_o memorable_a instance_n remain_v upon_o record_n even_o in_o those_o writer_n who_o be_v most_o severe_a upon_o the_o action_n and_o memory_n of_o this_o prince_n it_o be_v a_o action_n between_o warren_n a_o norman_a and_o sherburn_n a_o english_a man_n the_o first_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n have_v enter_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o who_o come_v into_o court_n and_o plead_v that_o he_o have_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n nor_o oppose_v his_o title_n or_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o have_v live_v always_o peaceable_o upon_o his_o own_o land_n and_o so_o be_v liable_a to_o no_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o be_v further_o secure_v by_o the_o king_n declaration_n immediate_o after_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o which_o plea_n a_o just_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o favour_n of_o sherburn_n his_o land_n restore_v and_o warren_n the_o norman_a cast_n and_o condemn_v to_o the_o cost_v of_o the_o suit_n he_o appoint_v justice_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o administer_v justice_n in_o every_o county_n pursuant_n to_o that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o saxon_a reign_n for_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o those_o of_o great_a moment_n between_o the_o subject_n he_o create_v judge_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o able_a he_o can_v find_v and_o ordain_v four_o term_n each_o year_n consist_v of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n wherein_o justice_n shall_v be_v due_o administer_v and_o all_o suit_v hear_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v and_o find_v most_o convenient_a beside_o these_o order_n he_o institute_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o exchequer_n the_o first_o for_o temper_v the_o rigour_n of_o law_n according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n and_o equity_n and_o the_o other_o for_o determine_v all_o action_n concern_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o punish_v exaction_n or_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o the_o officer_n who_o levy_v or_o receive_v they_o as_o well_o as_o default_n or_o delay_n in_o those_o from_o who_o it_o be_v due_a for_o tax_n or_o imposition_n unusual_a it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o he_o levy_v any_o except_v one_o of_o six_o shilling_n upon_o each_o plow-land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o well_o agree_v at_o what_o time_n or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n this_o be_v raise_v whether_o by_o consent_n of_o a_o general_a assembly_n or_o by_o his_o own_o regal_a authority_n by_o this_o indeed_o he_o impose_v danegelt_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n which_o happen_v once_o or_o twice_o in_o this_o reign_n though_o with_o little_a progress_n or_o success_n this_o tax_n be_v first_o raise_v by_o ethelreld_a upon_o the_o first_o enterprise_n of_o the_o dane_n upon_o england_n and_o afterward_o use_v by_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n upon_o the_o like_a danger_n sometime_o to_o repulse_v they_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n sometime_o to_o evade_v they_o by_o bargain_n and_o money_n wherewith_o they_o compound_v for_o the_o present_a danger_n but_o invite_v other_o to_o come_v by_o such_o mean_a defence_n this_o tax_n grow_v odious_a to_o the_o people_n whenever_o it_o be_v raise_v upon_o any_o other_o pretence_n than_o a_o danish_a invasion_n and_o though_o it_o be_v sometime_o levy_v yet_o very_o seldom_o and_o cautious_o by_o some_o few_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o but_o once_o or_o twice_o by_o this_o norman_a prince_n and_o then_o most_o probable_o upon_o the_o true_a natural_a occasion_n which_o have_v give_v it_o the_o first_o original_a thus_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o tax_n before_o mention_v and_o without_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o danish_a invasion_n by_o some_o writer_n who_o seem_v to_o take_v all_o occasion_n of_o defame_v the_o action_n and_o memory_n of_o this_o king_n and_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a excuse_n of_o any_o that_o be_v ill_o resent_v and_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o ill_a talon_n of_o the_o monkish_a writer_n who_o measure_v the_o virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o prince_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o favour_n or_o disaffection_n to_o the_o clergy_n who_o they_o account_v or_o style_v the_o church_n though_o this_o general_a appellation_n be_v know_v to_o comprehend_v not_o only_o such_o person_n as_o be_v ancient_o choose_v to_o administer_v the_o office_n of_o divine_a worship_n but_o also_o all_o believe_a christian_n that_o compose_v such_o assembly_n to_o who_o those_o office_n be_v administer_v of_o this_o the_o king_n seem_v to_o be_v sensible_a for_o though_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o know_a and_o great_a piety_n and_o so_o approve_v by_o the_o several_a pope_n during_o his_o reign_n yet_o he_o appear_v very_o little_a favourable_a if_o not_o something_o hard_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o perhaps_o something_o bold_a with_o their_o privilege_n so_o long_o enjoy_v under_o the_o devout_a saxon_a king_n for_o the_o rest_n he_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o usual_a revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o his_o great_a order_n and_o management_n as_o well_o as_o moderation_n in_o his_o constant_a expense_n gain_v much_o ease_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o his_o people_n the_o chief_a and_o ancient_a branch_n of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n consist_v of_o first_o the_o land_n of_o old_a reserve_v as_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o reckon_v as_o crown-land_n these_o at_o first_o yield_v only_o certain_a quantity_n of_o provision_n as_o beef_n sheep_n wheat_n hay_o oates_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v and_o the_o quantity_n of_o provision_n find_v necessary_a for_o the_o king_n household_n what_o overplus_n remain_v be_v compound_v for_o and_o pay_v in_o money_n according_a to_o rate_n usual_a and_o agree_v the_o next_o be_v a_o duty_n reserve_v ancient_o out_o of_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o at_o first_o be_v constant_o pay_v as_o a_o quitrent_n but_o be_v small_a come_v in_o time_n to_o be_v neglect_v by_o the_o king_n that_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o military_a attendance_n of_o the_o knight_n in_o their_o war_n and_o with_o levy_v sometime_o a_o great_a duty_n upon_o great_a or_o urgent_a occasion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v burdensome_a and_o odious_a till_o the_o proportion_n and_o occasion_n come_v to_o be_v ascertain_v those_o author_n who_o will_v make_v the_o conqueror_n to_o have_v break_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o introduce_v those_o of_o normandy_n pretend_v this_o duty_n of_o escuage_z with_o the_o tenor_n of_o knight_n service_n and_o baronage_n to_o have_v come_v over_o in_o this_o reign_n as_o well_o as_o the_o trial_n by_o juries_n but_o as_o enough_o have_v be_v say_v to_o clear_v the_o last_o so_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n that_o these_o with_o the_o other_o feudal_n law_n be_v all_o bring_v into_o europe_n by_o the_o ancient_a goth_n and_o by_o they_o settle_v in_o all_o the_o province_n which_o they_o conquer_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o frank_n in_o gaul_n and_o the_o norman_n in_o normandy_n where_o the_o use_n of_o their_o state_n or_o general_a assembly_n be_v likewise_o of_o the_o same_o original_a the_o last_o common_a branch_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n consist_v of_o forfeiture_n both_o of_o land_n and_o good_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o fine_n or_o some_o know_a mulctuary_n punishment_n upon_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v distinct_o prescribe_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n even_o for_o manslaughter_n and_o murder_n itself_o the_o rigour_n of_o those_o time_n not_o extend_v to_o blood_n except_o in_o those_o case_n where_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v concern_v by_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o king_n by_o all_o these_o order_n and_o institution_n and_o the_o clemency_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n wherewith_o they_o be_v administer_v the_o king_n how_o new_a soever_o his_o reign_n how_o dispute_v his_o title_n and_o how_o disagreeable_a his_o person_n by_o a_o
or_o agreement_n of_o time_n or_o action_n by_o the_o few_o and_o mean_a author_n of_o those_o barbarous_a and_o illiterate_a age_n and_o perhaps_o the_o rough_a course_n of_o those_o lawless_a time_n and_o action_n will_v have_v be_v too_o ignoble_a a_o subject_n for_o a_o good_a historian_n about_o the_o year_n 8_o o._n after_o many_o various_a event_n and_o revolution_n between_o the_o several_a race_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n ecbert_n descend_v from_o the_o west-saxon_a king_n have_v inherit_v most_o of_o the_o succession_n from_o the_o prowess_n and_o exploit_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o acquire_v other_o by_o his_o own_o become_v the_o first_o sole_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o england_n as_o it_o now_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n possess_v by_o the_o old_a britain_n and_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n to_o the_o north_n of_o tweed_n possess_v by_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o by_o the_o saxon_n style_v by_o one_o common_a name_n of_o scotland_n this_o famous_a adventure_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n be_v achieve_v by_o the_o force_n and_o confluence_n of_o such_o multitude_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o belgic_a and_o baltic_a shore_n that_o some_o part_n of_o their_o native_a country_n be_v leave_v almost_o dispeople_v to_o fill_v again_o by_o new_a swarm_n from_o the_o great_a northern_a hive_n and_o the_o number_n of_o saxon_n and_o angles_n jute_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o come_v over_o be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o conquer_v and_o waste_v this_o whole_a province_n but_o even_o to_o plant_v and_o people_n it_o soon_o again_o with_o numerous_a and_o new_a inhabitant_n so_o as_o by_o they_o succeed_v in_o this_o island_n not_o only_o a_o change_n of_o government_n as_o by_o the_o roman_a arm_n but_o a_o change_n of_o the_o very_a people_n or_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v or_o possess_v the_o land_n of_o this_o whole_a province_n this_o induce_v a_o change_n likewise_o of_o name_n of_o language_n of_o custom_n of_o law_n of_o arm_n of_o discipline_n of_o possession_n of_o title_n of_o religion_n and_o even_o of_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o nature_n through_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o as_o we_o may_v just_o date_n the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o among_o we_o as_o well_o as_o our_o nation_n itself_o from_o these_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n britain_n which_o be_v before_o a_o roman_a province_n be_v now_o grow_v a_o saxon_a kingdom_n and_o instead_o of_o its_o former_a name_n be_v call_v england_n the_o language_n which_o be_v either_o latin_a or_o british_a be_v now_o grow_v whole_o saxon_n or_o english_a the_o land_n that_o be_v before_o divide_v into_o roman_a colony_n or_o government_n be_v so_o now_o into_o shire_n with_o name_n give_v to_o they_o by_o the_o saxon_n as_o they_o first_o possess_v or_o afterward_o think_v fit_a to_o distinguish_v they_o the_o habit_n in_o peace_n and_o arm_n in_o war_n the_o title_n of_o officer_n in_o both_o as_o well_o as_o of_o great_a counsellor_n to_o their_o king_n or_o great_a proprietor_n of_o land_n come_v to_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o saxon_a form_n and_o usage_n the_o law_n of_o this_o country_n which_o before_o be_v roman_a change_v now_o into_o old_a saxon_a custom_n or_o constitution_n their_o prince_n or_o leader_n of_o their_o several_a nation_n become_v koning_n or_o king_n of_o the_o territory_n they_o have_v subdue_v they_o reserve_v part_n of_o the_o land_n to_o themselves_o for_o their_o revenue_n and_o share_v the_o rest_n among_o their_o chief_a commander_n by_o great_a division_n and_o among_o their_o soldier_n by_o small_a share_n the_o first_o who_o have_v the_o great_a division_n be_v call_v earl_n or_o baron_n those_o of_o the_o small_a be_v knight_n and_o the_o small_a of_o all_o be_v freeman_n who_o possess_v some_o proportion_n of_o free_a land_n and_o be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o the_o villain_n that_o hold_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o landlord_n in_o this_o universal_a transformation_n religion_n itself_o have_v a_o share_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o receive_v new_a form_n and_o order_n with_o the_o new_a inhabitant_n whilst_o all_o that_o be_v roman_n or_o british_a expire_v together_o in_o this_o country_n the_o britain_n begin_n early_o to_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o as_o be_v report_v from_o some_o of_o the_o disciple_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v so_o propagate_v among_o they_o that_o when_o the_o roman_n leave_v the_o province_n they_o be_v general_o christian_n and_o have_v their_o priest_n and_o bishop_n from_o the_o ancient_a and_o apostolic_a institution_n the_o saxon_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o idolatrous_a pagan_n that_o worship_v several_a god_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o among_o who_o woden_n thor_n and_o from_fw-mi be_v the_o chief_a which_o leave_v their_o memory_n still_o preserve_v by_o the_o common_a name_n of_o three_o day_n in_o the_o week_n this_o religious_a worship_n they_o introduce_v with_o they_o and_o continue_v long_o in_o england_n till_o they_o subdue_v the_o britain_n reduce_v it_o under_o their_o heptarchy_n of_o saxon_n king_n persecute_v the_o british_a christian_n and_o drive_v they_o with_o their_o religion_n into_o wales_n where_o they_o continue_v under_o their_o primitive_a priest_n and_o bishop_n who_o with_o their_o monk_n be_v all_o under_o the_o surintendance_n of_o one_o archpriest_n or_o bishop_n of_o carleon_n or_o chester_n the_o bind_v of_o the_o british_a principality_n about_o the_o year_n 600._o or_o soon_o after_o pope_n boniface_n send_v austin_n the_o monk_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o england_n to_o the_o heathen_a saxon_n who_o land_v at_o dover_n be_v receive_v with_o humanity_n by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n and_o be_v admit_v with_o four_o or_o five_o of_o his_o companion_n as_o well-meaning_a man_n to_o teach_v and_o explain_v the_o doctrine_n and_o mystery_n of_o christianity_n among_o these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a people_n they_o so_o well_o succeed_v that_o they_o convert_v at_o first_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a sort_n and_o at_o length_n the_o king_n himself_o who_o example_n give_v easy_a way_n for_o introduce_v the_o christian_a faith_n into_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o from_o thence_o spread_v into_o all_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n thus_o religion_n come_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n under_o the_o rite_n and_o form_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n by_o which_o austin_n be_v institute_v chief_a bishop_n in_o england_n and_o seat_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n at_o canterbury_n but_o his_o jurisdiction_n though_o admit_v in_o all_o the_o saxon_a territory_n be_v not_o receive_v by_o the_o british_a priest_n or_o people_n in_o wales_n though_o endeavour_v by_o many_o mission_n from_o austin_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o even_o by_o war_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o saxon_n upon_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o new_a romish_a priest_n in_o one_o of_o which_o near_o carleon_n twelve_o hundred_o of_o the_o poor_a british_a monk_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slaughter_v while_o they_o be_v apart_o in_o the_o field_n at_o their_o prayer_n for_o the_o success_n of_o the_o british_a army_n with_o this_o account_n of_o a_o new_a face_n and_o state_n of_o person_n and_o of_o thing_n both_o natural_a civil_a and_o religious_a establish_v in_o england_n i_o return_v to_o the_o period_n i_o leave_v of_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n which_o be_v extinguish_v by_o long_a and_o various_a revolution_n among_o themselves_o make_v way_n for_o the_o reign_n of_o ecbert_n the_o first_o sole_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 830._o it_o may_v have_v be_v reasonable_o expect_v that_o a_o wise_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n at_o the_o head_n of_o so_o great_a a_o dominion_n and_o so_o brave_a and_o numerous_a a_o people_n as_o the_o english_a after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n out_o of_o his_o country_n into_o the_o rough_a northern_a part_n and_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o northwest_n corner_n of_o the_o island_n shall_v not_o only_o have_v enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o peace_n and_o quiet_n but_o leave_v much_o felicity_n as_o well_o as_o greatness_n to_o many_o succeed_a generation_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n yet_o such_o be_v the_o instability_n of_o human_a affair_n and_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o best_a conjecture_n that_o ecbert_n be_v hardly_o warm_a in_o his_o unite_a throne_n when_o both_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v alarm_v and_o perplex_v at_o the_o approach_n of_o new_a and_o unknown_a enemy_n and_o this_o island_n expose_v to_o new_a invasion_n about_o this_o time_n a_o mighty_a swarm_n of_o the_o old_a northern_a hive_n who_o have_v possess_v the_o seat_n about_o the_o baltic_a
king_n of_o france_n lose_v the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o noble_n and_o hardly_o escape_v himself_o in_o person_n but_o that_o little_a avail_v this_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n and_o as_o he_o think_v dishonour_v receive_v by_o so_o unequal_a a_o match_n that_o he_o have_v not_o the_o heart_n to_o survive_v it_o long_o but_o die_v of_o grief_n and_o thereby_o give_v a_o end_n to_o this_o war_n and_o leave_v duke_n william_n a_o calm_a and_o peaceable_a reign_n till_o he_o disturb_v his_o own_o and_o his_o neighbour_n quiet_v by_o new_a and_o great_a adventure_n but_o to_o discover_v their_o cause_n and_o judge_v better_o of_o the_o event_n we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o former_a reign_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o great_a commerce_n and_o intelligence_n that_o be_v thereby_o grow_v for_o many_o year_n past_a between_o these_o two_o court_n and_o nation_n edward_n for_o his_o piety_n surname_v the_o confessor_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a race_n in_o england_n have_v by_o the_o persecution_n of_o his_o enemy_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o hardecnute_a the_o dane_n be_v force_v to_o leave_n england_n and_o seek_v shelter_n in_o normandy_n where_o he_o be_v kind_o receive_v noble_o entertain_v by_o the_o duke_n live_v long_o there_o with_o many_o english_a who_o adhere_v to_o his_o right_n follow_v his_o fortune_n and_o share_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o relief_n of_o his_o banishment_n some_o find_v employment_n other_o alliance_n all_o favour_n and_o kind_a reception_n in_o normandy_n these_o mutual_a good_a office_n produce_v so_o much_o kindness_n between_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n that_o it_o be_v by_o some_o writer_n report_v king_n edward_n during_o his_o residence_n in_o the_o norman_a court_n promise_v duke_n robert_n that_o in_o case_n he_o recover_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n he_o will_v leave_v he_o the_o crown_n the_o first_o happen_v and_o edward_n restore_v by_o the_o power_n of_o earl_n godwin_n or_o rather_o the_o general_a discontent_n of_o the_o english_a against_o the_o danish_a race_n and_o government_n it_o be_v certain_a king_n edward_n after_o his_o restoration_n or_o rather_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n ever_o appear_v more_o favourable_a and_o partial_a to_o the_o norman_n than_o be_v well_o resent_v by_o his_o english_a subject_n in_o general_a but_o earl_n godwin_n and_o his_o son_n harold_n be_v so_o offend_v that_o they_o make_v it_o the_o cause_n or_o pretence_n of_o a_o dangerous_a insurrection_n and_o be_v force_v upon_o the_o ill_a success_n thereof_o to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o fly_v into_o flanders_n though_o after_o restore_v and_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n rather_o by_o force_n than_o any_o free_a and_o willing_a consent_n duke_n william_n after_o the_o end_n of_o his_o war_n with_o france_n have_v turn_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o common_a art_n and_o entertainment_n of_o peace_n regulate_v the_o abuse_n of_o his_o state_n and_o the_o disorder_n introduce_v by_o a_o long_a course_n of_o war_n and_o violence_n adorn_v his_o palace_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n build_v church_n and_o abbey_n and_o endow_v they_o with_o great_a bounty_n and_o piety_n after_o which_o he_o make_v a_o journey_n into_o england_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o entertain_v by_o king_n edward_n with_o the_o same_o kindness_n himself_o have_v find_v in_o the_o norman_a court_n for_o which_o like_o a_o good_a prince_n he_o be_v much_o please_v to_o make_v this_o return_n of_o gratitude_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n in_o this_o visit_n it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o author_n that_o the_o duke_n gain_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o esteem_n and_o kindness_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o then_o renew_v to_o the_o son_n in_o england_n the_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v the_o father_n in_o normandy_n of_o leave_v he_o the_o crown_n by_o testament_n in_o case_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n some_o time_n after_o the_o duke_n return_n harold_n son_n to_o earl_n godwin_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o great_a possession_n and_o dependence_n in_o england_n be_v force_v by_o a_o storm_n as_o he_o at_o least_o pretend_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n and_o to_o refresh_v himself_o after_o the_o toil_n and_o danger_n of_o his_o sea_n voyage_n go_v first_o to_o the_o norman_a court_n and_o after_o some_o stay_n there_o to_o that_o of_o france_n and_o be_v in_o both_o entertain_v like_o a_o person_n know_v to_o be_v of_o so_o great_a consideration_n and_o power_n in_o england_n but_o his_o last_o visit_n at_o paris_n be_v think_v design_v only_o to_o cover_v the_o true_a intention_n of_o his_o first_o in_o normandy_n where_o he_o engage_v to_o assist_v that_o duke_n with_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o force_n in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n upon_o king_n edward_n death_n which_o happen_v not_o long_o after_o william_n claim_v the_o crown_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o testament_n from_o that_o king_n and_o of_o a_o engagement_n from_o harold_n but_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a deny_v any_o such_o testament_n from_o the_o decease_a prince_n allege_v a_o appointment_n make_v by_o he_o at_o his_o death_n for_o harold_n to_o succeed_v he_o disow_v any_o promise_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o the_o credit_n and_o authority_n gain_v by_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o in_o a_o crazy_a and_o disease_a state_n during_o the_o soft_a reign_n of_o a_o weak_a though_o pious_a king_n harold_n set_v up_o bodily_a for_o himself_o without_o any_o respect_n of_o right_n beyond_o the_o people_n submission_n interpret_v for_o their_o consent_n and_o be_v elect_v king_n by_o those_o noble_n and_o commons_o of_o his_o friend_n or_o indifferent_a person_n who_o assemble_v at_o his_o coronation_n leave_v to_o edgar_n atheling_n a_o undoubted_a but_o yet_o unregarded_a right_n of_o succession_n and_o to_o william_n a_o dispute_v plea_n from_o the_o allege_a testament_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o duke_n fond_a of_o those_o ambitious_a hope_n he_o have_v frame_v early_o and_o nourish_v long_o and_o spight_v at_o the_o perfidious_a deal_n of_o harold_n towards_o he_o and_o his_o insolence_n towards_o the_o english_a nation_n in_o seize_v the_o crown_n and_o government_n against_o all_o justice_n or_o so_o much_o as_o pretence_n of_o right_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o to_o cover_v the_o most_o lawless_a action_n assemble_v his_o estate_n of_o normandy_n expose_v to_o they_o his_o claim_n to_o england_n the_o wrong_n do_v he_o by_o harold_n his_o resolution_n of_o prosecute_a both_o with_o his_o utmost_a power_n the_o glory_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n of_o the_o enterprise_n the_o hope_n of_o success_n from_o his_o own_o right_n and_o the_o hatred_n in_o england_n of_o the_o usurper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o friend_n and_o intelligence_n he_o have_v in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o greatness_n of_o spoil_n and_o possession_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o the_o share_v he_o intend_v his_o friend_n and_o follower_n according_a to_o each_o man_n merit_n and_o contribution_n towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o design_n though_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o this_o assembly_n be_v not_o at_o first_o very_o much_o move_v by_o these_o discourse_n as_o either_o doubt_v the_o right_a or_o success_n of_o so_o hazardous_a a_o adventure_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o discourage_v what_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o promote_v since_o they_o find_v the_o prince_n have_v it_o so_o much_o at_o heart_n who_o prevail_v with_o several_a of_o the_o great_a bishop_n and_o noble_n of_o normandy_n to_o make_v he_o a_o voluntary_a offer_n of_o what_o money_n man_n and_o ship_n they_o will_v each_o of_o they_o furnish_v towards_o this_o enterprise_n as_o well_o as_o of_o their_o own_o personal_a attendance_n upon_o he_o in_o so_o noble_a and_o just_a a_o design_n this_o free_a and_o magnanimous_a offer_n of_o the_o great_a among_o they_o in_o some_o degree_n spirit_v not_o only_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o assembly_n but_o have_v much_o influence_n upon_o the_o people_n in_o general_n who_o grow_v confident_a of_o the_o success_n from_o the_o greatness_n and_o boldness_n of_o the_o undertaker_n so_o as_o they_o fall_v into_o emulation_n who_o shall_v engage_v soon_o and_o contribute_v further_a upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o duke_n assist_v to_o his_o expectation_n by_o his_o subject_n begin_v to_o practise_v upon_o the_o hope_n and_o ambition_n of_o his_o neighbour_n who_o weary_a of_o the_o long_a quiet_a they_o have_v live_v in_o at_o home_n since_o the_o part_n they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o french_a and_o norman_a war_n begin_v to_o grow_v fond_a of_o some_o new_a action_n and_o to_o look_v
foreign_a birth_n yet_o so_o far_o gain_v the_o general_a affection_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o commoner_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o ask_v nothing_o but_o security_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n that_o no_o commotion_n afterward_o raise_v by_o the_o noble_n and_o clergy_n against_o his_o government_n though_o in_o favour_n of_o a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n be_v ever_o support_v by_o the_o commons_o who_o compose_v the_o mass_n and_o bulk_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o who_o general_a good_a or_o ill_a humour_n satisfaction_n or_o discontent_n will_v ever_o have_v the_o most_o forcible_a influence_n for_o the_o preservation_n or_o ruin_n of_o any_o state_n beside_o the_o good_a and_o profitable_a institution_n and_o order_n of_o this_o king_n already_o mention_v so_o general_o approve_v and_o so_o grateful_a to_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v other_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o which_o have_v a_o contrary_a effect_n by_o distaste_v and_o disoblige_v many_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n and_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o clergy_n though_o some_o be_v so_o cautious_a as_o not_o to_o lose_v their_o dignity_n or_o revenue_n by_o express_v their_o resentment_n the_o offence_n take_v by_o these_o last_o be_v first_o the_o abrogate_a or_o surcease_n the_o judiciary_n power_n exercise_v by_o the_o bishop_n during_o the_o saxon_a time_n in_o each_o county_n where_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o alderman_n or_o earl_n of_o each_o shire_n sit_v as_o judge_n in_o those_o court_n which_o increase_v not_o only_o their_o authority_n but_o their_o revenue_n too_o by_o a_o share_n they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n in_o all_o fine_n raise_v from_o the_o issue_n of_o cause_n there_o determine_v but_o all_o this_o be_v abolish_v by_o the_o king_n institution_n of_o justiciaries_n to_o administer_v justice_n upon_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o among_o subject_n at_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n this_o give_v particular_a offence_n to_o the_o bishop_n but_o another_o to_o the_o whole_a clergy_n for_o whereas_o before_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o land_n by_o franc_n almonage_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o duty_n or_o imposition_n but_o such_o as_o they_o lay_v upon_o themselves_o in_o their_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n this_o prince_n find_v above_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o consist_v in_o knight_n service_n lessen_v in_o proportion_n by_o their_o immunity_n he_o reduce_v all_o their_o land_n to_o the_o common_a tenure_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o baronage_n and_o thereby_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o to_o other_o service_n ancient_o due_a and_o sometime_o raise_v upon_o all_o land_n that_o hold_v in_o fee_n from_o the_o crown_n this_o innovation_n touch_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n but_o all_o the_o abbot_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n many_o of_o who_o be_v endow_v with_o so_o great_a land_n and_o revenue_n that_o in_o right_o thereof_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o regular_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n allow_v session_n with_o the_o bishop_n as_o baron_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o whole_a clergy_n exclaim_v against_o this_o new_a institution_n not_o only_o as_o a_o indignity_n and_o injustice_n but_o as_o a_o impiety_n too_o and_o violation_n of_o the_o sacred_a right_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n but_o their_o complaint_n be_v without_o redress_n though_o not_o without_o ill_a consequence_n the_o discontent_n among_o many_o of_o the_o great_a noble_n arise_v chief_o from_o two_o occasion_n the_o first_o be_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o forest_n law_n and_o of_o their_o execution_n and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n be_v too_o apparent_a partiality_n to_o his_o norman_n to_o know_v the_o ground_n or_o pretence_n of_o these_o forest_n law_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o run_v up_o to_o their_o original_a in_o the_o first_o seizure_n and_o distribution_n make_v of_o the_o british_a land_n by_o the_o conquer_a saxon_n beside_o those_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n or_o divide_v among_o the_o people_n and_o hold_v by_o the_o tenor_n either_o of_o knight_n service_n or_o of_o book-land_n as_o it_o be_v term_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereby_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o villeinage_n there_o be_v many_o great_a tract_n of_o barren_a wild_a or_o woody_a land_n leave_v undisposed_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n waste_v so_o great_a number_n of_o british_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o war_n or_o retire_v into_o wales_n cornwall_n britanny_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o new_a saxon_n not_o content_a to_o share_v among_o they_o any_o land_n but_o such_o as_o be_v fruitful_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v cultivate_v these_o be_v enclose_v or_o improve_v as_o well_o as_o inhabit_v by_o the_o new_a proprietor_n and_o the_o other_o left_a waist_n as_o well_o as_o undisposed_a to_o any_o certain_a owner_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v as_o have_v be_v observe_v very_o full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wild_a game_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o large_a without_o any_o enclosure_n little_a property_n and_o subsist_v much_o upon_o hunt_v fish_v and_o fowl_v which_o they_o have_v all_o in_o common_a upon_o the_o enclose_v or_o cultivate_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n by_o the_o saxon_n the_o wild_a beast_n natural_o afraid_a of_o neighbour_n who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v all_o enemy_n flee_v into_o the_o wild_a woody_a and_o desolate_a tract_n of_o land_n where_o they_o find_v shelter_n and_o feed_v though_o hardly_o yet_o out_o of_o common_a sight_n and_o noise_n and_o hereby_o all_o those_o part_n become_v replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n especial_o with_o red_a and_o fallow-deer_n and_o make_v all_o those_o several_a extent_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v forest_n the_o saxon_a king_n esteem_v these_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o right_n to_o all_o possession_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a owner_n and_o by_o their_o never_o have_v be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o first_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n nor_o afterward_o by_o any_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o right_n be_v not_o dispute_v nor_o any_o use_n of_o it_o make_v further_o than_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o by_o they_o restrain_v from_o the_o noble_n or_o knight_n that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o forest_n who_o be_v so_o moderate_a in_o those_o more_o simple_a age_n as_o to_o commit_v no_o excess_n or_o destroy_v the_o game_n which_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v both_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o the_o quarry_n and_o for_o some_o use_n make_v of_o it_o for_o common_a pasturage_n among_o all_o the_o border_a neighbour_n william_n the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o seize_v upon_o all_o these_o forest_n as_o part_n of_o his_o own_o demesn_n but_o make_v a_o very_a large_a one_o in_o hampshire_n beside_o those_o he_o find_v by_o lay_v waist_n and_o leave_v uninhabited_a great_a extent_n of_o land_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o ancient_a succession_n or_o by_o new_a forfeiture_n and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o new_a forest_n which_o name_v after_o so_o long_a a_o course_n of_o age_n it_o still_o retain_v in_o all_o these_o forest_n he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a right_n and_o dominion_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o institute_v new_a and_o arbitrary_a law_n of_o his_o own_o unused_a and_o unknown_a before_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o very_o different_a from_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n he_o confine_v all_o hunt_n or_o fowl_v in_o these_o forest_n to_o himself_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o concession_n or_o permission_n he_o impose_v fine_n upon_o all_o trespass_n commit_v in_o they_o according_a to_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o which_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v the_o fault_n or_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v levy_v with_o great_a rigour_n and_o exaction_n and_o thereby_o debar_v not_o only_o his_o commoner_n but_o his_o noble_n too_o from_o a_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o always_o enjoy_v though_o he_o take_v care_n not_o to_o provoke_v the_o commoner_n by_o leave_v pasturage_n free_a for_o such_o of_o the_o neighbour_n who_o live_v most_o upon_o their_o stock_n and_o thereby_o take_v no_o greeat_a offence_n at_o the_o restraint_n from_o their_o sport_n which_o they_o have_v not_o time_n from_o their_o labour_n much_o to_o follow_v yet_o the_o noble_n and_o knight_n who_o value_v their_o sport_n more_o than_o common_a gain_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o riches_n but_o for_o increase_n of_o their_o pleasure_n resent_v this_o restraint_n as_o a_o sensible_a injury_n as_o a_o invasion_n
of_o their_o liberty_n and_o even_o as_o a_o affectation_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o particular_a and_o from_o the_o exercise_n whereof_o he_o be_v only_o restrain_v by_o the_o regard_v of_o his_o safety_n and_o interest_n in_o other_o of_o more_o moment_n and_o consequence_n the_o great_a noble_n resent_v it_o yet_o further_o as_o a_o indignity_n by_o level_v their_o privilege_n with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commoner_n from_o who_o they_o esteem_v themselves_o distinguish_v by_o the_o usual_a regard_v and_o respect_v pay_v they_o from_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o degree_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o people_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v whether_o this_o violent_a institution_n of_o the_o forest_n law_n proceed_v from_o his_o passionate_a love_n of_o hunt_v the_o only_a pleasure_n to_o which_o this_o prince_n be_v addict_v or_o from_o his_o avarice_n by_o so_o many_o fine_n to_o increase_v his_o treasure_n or_o from_o a_o desire_n of_o be_v absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a in_o one_o part_n of_o his_o government_n which_o he_o find_v he_o can_v not_o be_v with_o any_o safety_n in_o the_o rest_n for_o his_o partiality_n to_o the_o norman_n though_o it_o be_v disguise_v or_o at_o least_o not_o evident_a in_o the_o common_a form_n of_o his_o justice_n which_o run_v a_o free_a and_o even_a course_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_o discover_v in_o that_o of_o his_o grace_n and_o favour_n the_o civil_a office_n ecclesiastical_a benefice_n place_n of_o most_o trust_n about_o his_o person_n and_o in_o his_o realm_n be_v confer_v general_o upon_o his_o norman_n and_o beside_o these_o advantage_n and_o those_o of_o the_o forfeiture_n that_o fall_v upon_o his_o entrance_n they_o appear_v to_o have_v his_o countenance_n his_o conversation_n his_o confidence_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o the_o english_a possess_v of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o norman_n alone_o seem_v to_o possess_v the_o king_n this_o may_v have_v be_v more_o excusable_a if_o the_o english_a have_v consider_v the_o king_n as_o much_o as_o themselves_o and_o many_o of_o his_o circumstance_n as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o they_o be_v stranger_n to_o he_o or_o but_o new_a acquaintance_n they_o differ_v in_o language_n in_o manner_n in_o custom_n they_o have_v very_o late_o differ_v in_o interest_n and_o from_o enemy_n in_o war_n be_v indeed_o now_o become_v subject_n but_o rather_o as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n than_o a_o lawful_a prince_n the_o norman_n speak_v his_o native_a tongue_n be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o same_o custom_n acquaint_v with_o his_o person_n from_o his_o youth_n have_v attend_v he_o in_o his_o court_n follow_v he_o in_o his_o war_n at_o home_o and_o abroad_o and_o think_v it_o but_o just_o they_o shall_v share_v in_o his_o fortune_n as_o they_o have_v in_o his_o danger_n however_o many_o of_o the_o great_a aspire_a spirit_n among_o the_o english_a nobles_n can_v not_o bear_v this_o partiality_n of_o the_o king_n they_o think_v the_o norman_n ought_v to_o be_v provide_v of_o reward_n or_o honour_n in_o normandy_n but_o those_o of_o england_n shall_v be_v confer_v upon_o english_a beside_o they_o resent_v the_o common_a testimony_n of_o his_o inclination_n to_o the_o norman_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v injury_n to_o themselves_o like_o generous_a lover_n who_o be_v more_o jealous_a and_o spite_v to_o see_v their_o rival_n gain_v the_o inclination_n of_o their_o mistress_n than_o the_o possession_n and_o have_v rather_o they_o shall_v have_v her_o body_n than_o her_o heart_n upon_o all_o these_o cause_n the_o discontent_n of_o many_o chief_a english_a noble_n and_o prelate_n be_v grow_v to_o such_o a_o height_n swell_v more_o within_o the_o more_o they_o be_v suppress_v that_o they_o want_v only_o a_o fair_a occasion_n to_o draw_v they_o to_o a_o head_n and_o make_v they_o break_v out_o with_o violence_n and_o much_o pain_n and_o danger_n to_o the_o state_n this_o furnish_v they_o either_o by_o fortune_n or_o design_n in_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n for_o the_o author_n be_v neither_o distinct_a nor_o agree_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n or_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n action_n in_o war_n or_o institution_n in_o peace_n by_o which_o their_o true_a nature_n and_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n will_v have_v be_v best_o discover_v whereas_o they_o content_v themselves_o to_o display_v their_o eloquence_n or_o vent_v their_o passion_n by_o relate_v general_a or_o particular_a event_n what_o be_v do_v and_o what_o be_v suffer_v in_o his_o reign_n by_o which_o some_o of_o the_o norman_a writer_n endeavonr_v to_o represent_v he_o as_o a_o god_n and_o some_o of_o the_o english_a like_o a_o devil_n and_o both_o unjust_o edgar_z atheling_n be_v nephew_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o undisputed_a as_o well_o as_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o saxon_a race_n it_o be_v general_o think_v that_o he_o have_v likewise_o be_v design_v by_o king_n edward_n a_o just_a and_o pious_a prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n and_o that_o his_o declaration_n pretend_v by_o harold_n or_o testament_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n be_v fictitious_a or_o at_o least_o neither_o of_o they_o evident_a from_o any_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a write_n or_o testimony_n edgar_z be_v beside_o from_o the_o bounty_n of_o his_o nature_n the_o excellence_n of_o his_o temper_n the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o the_o compassion_n of_o his_o unjust_a fortune_n much_o and_o general_o belove_v and_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o english_a both_o noble_n and_o commons_o yet_o he_o neither_o oppose_v harold_n usurpation_n nor_o the_o norman_n conquest_n whether_o for_o want_v of_o spirit_n to_o attempt_v so_o great_a a_o adventure_n or_o upon_o prudence_n not_o to_o oppose_v such_o power_n as_o he_o find_v unresistable_a and_o in_o which_o so_o many_o circumstance_n have_v conspire_v choose_v rather_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o shade_n of_o a_o private_a condition_n out_o of_o danger_n and_o envy_n or_o at_o least_o to_o attend_v some_o future_a occasion_n that_o may_v open_v a_o more_o probable_a way_n to_o his_o hope_n and_o his_o fortune_n he_o be_v at_o london_n among_o many_o other_o noble_n when_o the_o famous_a and_o decisive_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o hastings_n and_o the_o news_n bring_v of_o the_o duke_n victory_n and_o of_o harold_n death_n those_o of_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v for_o oppose_v the_o conqueror_n be_v for_o declare_v edgar_n atheling_n king_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v at_o first_o dispose_v to_o the_o same_o resolution_n but_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n who_o have_v the_o great_a sway_n among_o both_o those_o order_n prevail_v in_o this_o general_a council_n for_o a_o general_a submission_n to_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n edgar_n atheling_n with_o stigand_n and_o alred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n edwin_n and_o morchar_n two_o of_o the_o great_a english_a lord_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o noble_n and_o bishop_n who_o have_v attend_v the_o victorious_a duke_n upon_o his_o way_n to_o london_n be_v well_o receive_v by_o he_o and_o treat_v with_o bounty_n as_o well_o as_o humanity_n so_o that_o the_o young_a prince_n attend_v frequent_o at_o court_n accompanied_z the_o king_n into_o normandy_n return_v with_o he_o into_o england_n and_o live_v there_o for_o some_o time_n like_o one_o who_o have_v forget_v his_o birth_n and_o his_o title_n though_o they_o be_v by_o the_o english_a well_o remember_v but_o at_o length_n either_o weary_a of_o rest_n or_o rouse_v by_o other_o spirit_n more_o unquiet_a than_o his_o own_o he_o resolve_v or_o at_o least_o pretend_a to_o make_v a_o journey_n into_o hungary_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v during_o his_o father_n exile_n have_v live_v long_o and_o be_v much_o belove_v he_o embark_v for_o flanders_n with_o his_o two_o sister_n margaret_n and_o christine_n but_o force_v by_o a_o storm_n and_o contrary_a wind_n or_o allure_v by_o fair_a hope_n he_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n the_o first_o be_v give_v out_o but_o the_o last_o suspect_v from_o the_o event_n of_o this_o voyage_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o malcolm_n the_o king_n with_o great_a kindness_n and_o compassion_n of_o his_o disaster_n both_o at_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v resort_v to_o by_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o gentleman_n who_o have_v shelter_v themselves_o in_o that_o kingdom_n upon_o hate_n or_o fear_v of_o the_o conquest_n in_o england_n and_o be_v by_o they_o acknowledge_v and_o honour_v as_o the_o true_a lawful_a heir_n of_o that_o crown_n soon_o after_o his_o arrival_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n inflame_v either_o with_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o young_a lady_n or_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o her_o brother_n fortune_n or_o upon_o former_a concert_n with_o the_o
from_o a_o mutual_a respect_n they_o have_v for_o one_o another_o force_n and_o disposition_n they_o be_v indeed_o not_o much_o unequal_a in_o number_n nor_o in_o the_o bravery_n and_o order_n of_o their_o troop_n both_o king_n be_v valiant_a and_o wise_a have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o arm_n enure_v to_o danger_n and_o much_o embroil_v at_o home_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reign_n they_o be_v now_o animate_v to_o a_o battle_n by_o their_o own_o courage_n as_o well_o as_o their_o soldier_n but_o yet_o both_o consider_v the_o event_n in_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o the_o consequence_n the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n may_v prove_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o the_o fortune_n of_o one_o day_n determine_v the_o fate_n of_o a_o kigdom_n and_o they_o know_v very_o well_o that_o whoever_o fight_v a_o battle_n with_o what_o number_n and_o force_n what_o provision_n and_o order_n or_o appearance_n soever_o of_o success_n yet_o at_o the_o best_a run_v a_o venture_n and_o leaf_n much_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o fortune_n from_o accident_n not_o to_o be_v foresee_v by_o any_o prudence_n or_o govern_v by_o any_o conduct_n or_o skill_n these_o reflection_n begin_v to_o dispose_v both_o king_n to_o the_o thought_n of_o end_v their_o quarrel_n by_o a_o peace_n rather_o than_o a_o battle_n and_o though_o both_o have_v the_o same_o inclination_n it_o each_o of_o they_o be_v unwilling_a first_o to_o discover_v it_o lest_o it_o may_v be_v interpret_v to_o proceed_v from_o apprehension_n of_o weakness_n or_o fear_n and_o thereby_o dishearten_v their_o own_o soldier_n or_o encourage_v their_o enemy_n the_o scotch_a at_o length_n begin_v the_o overture_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o king_n william_n with_o a_o show_n of_o indifference_n but_o with_o a_o conceal_a joy_n and_o the_o more_o reasonable_a as_o have_v the_o great_a stake_n the_o less_o to_o win_v and_o the_o more_o to_o lose_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o first_o parley_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o treaty_n and_o this_o after_o some_o debate_n by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v as_o between_o equal_a force_n so_o upon_o equal_a condition_n each_o king_n to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o ancient_a bound_n of_o their_o several_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o border_n be_v agree_v neither_o to_o invade_v one_o another_o dominion_n nor_o to_o assist_v the_o enemy_n or_o receive_v and_o protect_v the_o rebel_n of_o each_o other_o prisoner_n in_o the_o last_o or_o this_o war_n to_o be_v on_o both_o side_n release_v and_o subject_n who_o desire_v to_o return_v to_o be_v on_o both_o side_n restore_v to_o their_o country_n and_o possession_n edgar_z the_o principal_a or_o most_o appear_a cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v include_v and_o provide_v for_o in_o this_o treaty_n to_o return_v into_o england_n make_v his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n renounce_v any_o further_a claim_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o thereupon_o not_o only_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o possession_n with_o his_o friend_n and_o follower_n but_o to_o be_v provide_v of_o a_o large_a and_o honourable_a maintenance_n from_o the_o king_n during_o his_o life_n and_o thus_o this_o storm_n which_o threaten_v both_o kingdom_n with_o such_o fatal_a danger_n and_o long_o consequence_n be_v of_o a_o sudden_a blow_v over_o a_o general_n calm_v restore_v in_o the_o whole_a island_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o two_o king_n return_v to_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o peace_n to_o which_o they_o have_v both_o contribute_v by_o their_o equal_a temper_n and_o prudence_n as_o well_o as_o by_o their_o equal_a preparation_n for_o a_o war._n soon_o after_o the_o king_n return_n edgar_n repair_v into_o england_n where_o he_o be_v very_o favourable_o receive_v and_o all_o condition_n of_o the_o treaty_n perform_v and_o ever_o after_o observe_v with_o great_a faith_n and_o sincereness_n on_o both_o part_n he_o have_v his_o provision_n and_o revenue_n agree_v by_o the_o treaty_n fair_o establish_v but_o be_v desirous_a to_o go_v to_o the_o war_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a humour_n of_o idle_a or_o devout_a prince_n in_o that_o age_n he_o be_v furnish_v by_o the_o king_n with_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o prepare_v and_o maintain_v a_o noble_a equipage_n for_o that_o journey_n he_o there_o gain_v much_o honour_n and_o esteem_v after_o which_o return_v into_o england_n he_o pass_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o whole_a life_n in_o the_o ease_n and_o security_n of_o a_o large_a but_o private_a fortune_n and_o perhaps_o happy_a than_o he_o may_v have_v do_v in_o the_o contest_v and_o danger_n of_o ambition_n however_o they_o may_v have_v succeed_v a_o rare_a example_n of_o moderation_n in_o prince_n edgar_n and_o of_o magnanimity_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n and_o clemency_n in_o this_o king_n and_o very_o different_a from_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n who_o defame_v their_o reign_n by_o the_o death_n of_o innocent_a prince_n for_o have_v only_o be_v bear_v to_o just_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o any_o appear_a mean_n or_o attempt_v to_o pursue_v they_o or_o endanger_v the_o possessor_n thereby_o stain_v their_o memory_n with_o the_o blot_n both_o of_o cruelty_n and_o fear_n for_o as_o clemency_n be_v produce_v by_o magnanimity_n and_o fearlessness_n of_o danger_n so_o be_v cruelty_n by_o cowardice_n and_o fear_n and_o argue_v not_o only_o a_o depravedness_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o a_o meanness_n of_o courage_n and_o imbecility_n of_o mind_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v both_o hate_v by_o all_o that_o be_v within_o its_o reach_n and_o danger_n and_o despise_v by_o all_o that_o be_v without_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o return_n begin_v again_o to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o art_n of_o peace_n which_o consist_v chief_o in_o the_o prevent_n of_o future_a as_o those_o of_o war_n in_o the_o surmount_n of_o present_a danger_n and_o as_o nothing_o raise_v the_o power_n of_o a_o crown_n so_o much_o as_o weak_a and_o private_a conspiracy_n against_o it_o rash_o undertake_v by_o some_o few_o discontent_n unsupported_a by_o any_o general_a defection_n of_o the_o people_n faint_o pursue_v and_o end_v without_o success_n so_o this_o prince_n find_v his_o throne_n and_o authority_n more_o firm_o establish_v in_o all_o appearance_n by_o the_o happy_a issue_n of_o the_o two_o late_a war_n and_o the_o unfortunate_a event_n of_o his_o revolt_a noble_n and_o now_o esteem_v himself_o more_o at_o liberty_n from_o those_o regard_v of_o his_o english_a subject_n and_o their_o law_n which_o his_o unsettled_a state_n have_v make_v necessary_a upon_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v provoke_v by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a english_a nobles_n after_o their_o fealty_n swear_v to_o he_o he_o be_v persuade_v of_o the_o general_a disaffection_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o late_a insurrection_n will_v have_v be_v find_v much_o deep_o root_v and_o far_o spread_v if_o they_o have_v be_v attend_v with_o any_o success_n he_o think_v the_o english_a lord_n and_o bishop_n have_v too_o great_a dependence_n of_o their_o tenant_n and_o vassal_n upon_o they_o and_o have_v themselves_o too_o little_a upon_o the_o prince_n since_o they_o esteem_v themselves_o neither_o bind_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o war_n unless_o they_o please_v nor_o to_o furnish_v the_o expense_n unless_o by_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o their_o general_a assembly_n nor_o be_v he_o satisfy_v to_o have_v they_o judge_v of_o his_o necessity_n who_o he_o think_v likely_a to_o increase_v they_o or_o at_o least_o to_o desire_v they_o he_o believe_v the_o english_a in_o general_n will_v as_o long_o as_o they_o retain_v the_o saxon_a law_n and_o form_n of_o government_n ever_o be_v affect_v to_o the_o race_n of_o their_o saxon_a king_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o be_v think_v to_o have_v encourage_v the_o voyage_n of_o edgar_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n by_o so_o large_a supply_n of_o treasure_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o prince_n honour_n but_o from_o true_a intention_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n beside_o he_o find_v his_o treasure_n exhaust_v by_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o his_o two_o last_o expedition_n and_o the_o just_a reward_n he_o have_v promise_v both_o his_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v well_o and_o faithful_o serve_v in_o they_o though_o he_o have_v once_o or_o twice_o for_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o doubt_n levy_v the_o tax_n of_o dane-gelt_a upon_o the_o threat_n of_o a_o danish_a invasion_n and_o by_o a_o ancient_a prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n pretend_a or_o exercise_v upon_o that_o occasion_n yet_o he_o find_v it_o be_v not_o raise_v without_o great_a murmur_n and_o reluctancy_n of_o the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o noble_n who_o pretend_v to_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o pay_v no_o tax_n impose_v without_o the_o consent_n
prince_n the_o dauphin_z fall_v into_o passion_n call_v he_o son_n of_o a_o bastard_n and_o throw_v some_o of_o the_o chessman_n at_o his_o head_n upon_o which_o prince_n henry_n enrage_v take_v up_o the_o chessboard_n and_o strike_v the_o dauphin_n with_o such_o fury_n on_o the_o head_n that_o he_o lay_v he_o bleed_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o if_o his_o brother_n robert_n have_v not_o retain_v he_o and_o make_v he_o sensible_a how_o much_o more_o it_o concern_v he_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n than_o pursue_v his_o revenge_n and_o thereupon_o they_o go_v down_o immediate_o take_v horse_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o speed_n or_o their_o own_o good_a fortune_n get_v safe_a to_o pontoise_n before_o they_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o the_o french_a that_o pursue_v they_o the_o king_n of_o france_n exasperate_v by_o this_o accident_n and_o indignity_n to_o his_o son_n which_o revive_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n or_o envy_n he_o have_v against_o king_n william_n first_o demand_v satisfaction_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n prepare_v for_o revenge_n both_o by_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o invade_v normandy_n and_o take_v private_a measure_n with_o duke_n robert_n to_o divest_v his_o brother_n henry_n of_o his_o share_n in_o the_o government_n and_o leave_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o the_o duke_n according_a to_o his_o former_a pretension_n ground_v upon_o his_o father_n promise_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o a_o witness_n still_o pretend_v to_o be_v concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n see_v the_o war_n inevitable_a enter_v upon_o it_o with_o his_o usual_a vigour_n and_o with_o incredible_a celerity_n transport_v a_o brave_a english_a army_n invade_v france_n and_o take_v several_a town_n in_o poictou_n whilst_o the_o french_a take_v the_o city_n of_o vernon_n by_o which_o hostility_n on_o both_o side_n the_o first_o war_n begin_v between_o england_n and_o france_n which_o seem_v afterward_o to_o have_v be_v entail_v upon_o the_o posterity_n and_o successor_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n for_o so_o many_o generation_n to_o have_v draw_v more_o noble_a blood_n and_o be_v attend_v with_o more_o memorable_a achievement_n than_o any_o other_o national_a quarrel_v we_o read_v of_o in_o any_o ancient_a or_o modern_a story_n king_n william_n after_o take_v of_o several_a town_n and_o spoil_v much_o country_n in_o poictou_n and_o xantonge_n return_v to_o roven_n where_o by_o the_o benignity_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o levity_n of_o his_o son_n be_v he_o be_v the_o three_o time_n reconcile_v to_o duke_n robert_n and_o thereby_o disappoint_v those_o hope_n the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v conceive_v from_o his_o practice_n with_o that_o prince_n and_o as_o some_o write_v with_o his_o brother_n henry_n too_o and_o defeat_v his_o pretext_n of_o assist_v his_o right_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o normandy_n but_o philip_n bend_v upon_o this_o war_n by_o other_o incentives_n than_o those_o which_o appear_v from_o the_o favour_n of_o duke_n robert_n pretension_n or_o revenge_n of_o the_o dauphin_n injury_n and_o move_v both_o with_o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o king_n greatness_n and_o the_o envy_n of_o his_o glory_n and_o felicity_n resolve_v to_o prosecute_v obstinate_o the_o quarrel_n he_o have_v rash_o begin_v and_o not_o esteem_v the_o sudden_a though_o violent_a motion_n of_o a_o youthful_a heat_n between_o the_o two_o prince_n a_o ground_n sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o formal_a and_o declare_a war_n upon_o the_o news_n and_o spite_n of_o duke_n robert_n reconciliation_n with_o his_o father_n he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o demand_v homage_n of_o he_o both_o for_o normandy_n and_o england_n king_n william_n answer_v that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v he_o the_o homage_n accustom_v for_o normandy_n but_o will_v do_v he_o none_o for_o england_n which_o he_o hold_v only_o of_o god_n and_o his_o sword_n the_o french_a king_n hereupon_o declare_v open_a war_n against_o he_o which_o be_v begin_v and_o pursue_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o animosity_n on_o both_o side_n with_o equal_a force_n but_o unequal_a fortune_n which_o favour_v either_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n cause_n the_o valour_n of_o his_o troop_n or_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o leader_n upon_o all_o encounter_n he_o march_v into_o france_n take_v nantes_n and_o burn_v it_o with_o many_o village_n about_o it_o say_v that_o to_o destroy_v the_o wasp_n their_o nest_n must_v be_v burn_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o this_o action_n and_o by_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n which_o he_o too_o near_o approach_v he_o fall_v into_o a_o distemper_n which_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v his_o army_n and_o return_v to_o roven_n where_o he_o lay_v sick_a for_o some_o time_n with_o ill_a symptom_n that_o give_v his_o friend_n apprehension_n and_o hope_n to_o his_o enemy_n during_o the_o expectation_n of_o this_o event_n both_o side_n be_v quiet_a by_o a_o sort_n of_o tacit_n and_o voluntary_a truce_n between_o they_o the_o king_n of_o france_n talk_v of_o his_o sickness_n and_o mock_v at_o the_o corpulency_n to_o which_o he_o be_v grow_v of_o late_a year_n say_v king_n william_n be_v go_v only_o to_o lay_v his_o great_a belly_n at_o roven_n and_o that_o he_o doubt_v he_o must_v be_v at_o charge_n to_o set_v up_o light_n at_o his_o uprising_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v tell_v this_o scoff_n send_v king_n philip_n word_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o sit_v up_o after_o his_o lie_v in_o and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v church_v he_o will_v save_v he_o the_o charge_n of_o set_v up_o light_n and_o come_v himself_o and_o light_v a_o thousand_o fire_n in_o france_n no_o injury_n be_v so_o sensible_a to_o mankind_n in_o general_n as_o those_o of_o scorn_n and_o no_o quarrel_n pursue_v between_o prince_n with_o so_o much_o sharpness_n and_o violence_n as_o those_o which_o arise_v from_o personal_a animosity_n or_o private_a passion_n to_o which_o they_o be_v subject_a like_o other_o mortal_a men._n the_o king_n recover_v gather_v the_o great_a force_n he_o can_v raise_v both_o of_o english_a and_o norman_n march_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n with_o fire_n and_o spoil_n wherever_o he_o come_v approaches_z within_z sight_n of_o paris_n where_o that_o king_n be_v retire_v there_o king_n william_n send_v he_o word_n that_o he_o be_v up_o and_o abroad_o and_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v he_o abroad_o too_o but_o the_o french_a king_n resolve_v to_o let_v this_o fury_n pass_v and_o appear_v not_o in_o the_o field_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o mercy_n and_o ravage_n of_o his_o enemy_n the_o king_n ride_v about_o to_o observe_v his_o advantage_n and_o give_v his_o order_n and_o strain_v his_o horse_n to_o leap_v a_o ditch_n in_o his_o way_n bruise_v the_o bottom_n of_o his_o belly_n against_o the_o pommel_n of_o his_o saddle_n with_o such_o a_o weight_n and_o so_o much_o pain_n as_o give_v he_o a_o relapse_n of_o his_o illness_n so_o late_o recover_v force_v he_o to_o march_v his_o army_n back_o into_o normandy_n and_o to_o go_v himself_o to_o roven_n here_o his_o bruise_v turn_v to_o a_o rupture_n and_o his_o sickness_n increase_a with_o the_o anguish_n of_o his_o wound_n give_v too_o soon_o and_o true_a apprehension_n of_o his_o danger_n yet_o he_o languish_v for_o some_o time_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o do_v many_o act_n of_o great_a charity_n and_o give_v other_o testimony_n of_o piety_n and_o resignation_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o to_o dispose_v the_o succession_n and_o affair_n of_o his_o state_n leave_v by_o his_o testament_n the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n robert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o william_n his_o second_o son_n and_o all_o his_o treasure_n which_o be_v very_o great_a to_z henry_n his_o third_z after_o this_o he_o end_v his_o life_n in_o the_o full_a career_n of_o fortune_n and_o victory_n which_o attend_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n through_o the_o long_a course_n of_o more_o than_o threescore_o year_n reign_v for_o he_o begin_v that_o in_o normandy_n about_o ten_o year_n old_a and_o continue_v it_o above_o forty_o year_n before_o his_o english_a expedition_n after_o which_o he_o reign_v above_o twenty_o year_n in_o england_n and_o die_v in_o or_o about_o the_o seventy_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1087._o several_a writer_n show_v their_o ill_a talon_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o make_v particular_a remark_n how_o his_o corpse_n be_v immediate_o forsake_v by_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o follower_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o expire_v how_o the_o monk_n of_o a_o abbey_n he_o have_v found_v be_v thereby_o induce_v to_o come_v of_o charity_n and_o take_v the_o care_n of_o his_o body_n and_o his_o burial_n which_o he_o have_v order_v to_o be_v at_o caen_n
in_o normandy_n and_o in_o a_o church_n he_o have_v there_o build_v how_o the_o ground_n that_o be_v open_v to_o receive_v he_o be_v claim_v at_o that_o instant_n by_o a_o knight_n of_o the_o country_n who_o allege_v it_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o ancestor_n and_o himself_o and_o be_v violent_o or_o unjusty_a seize_v from_o they_o by_o the_o king_n so_o that_o his_o funeral_n be_v fain_o to_o be_v defer_v till_o a_o agreement_n be_v make_v and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o ground_n pay_v to_o the_o claimer_n with_o other_o invidious_a circumstance_n which_o may_v argue_v the_o ingratitude_n avarice_n or_o other_o vice_n of_o his_o servant_n or_o subject_n then_o live_v but_o not_o defame_v the_o memory_n or_o obscure_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o dead_a thus_o end_v all_o that_o be_v mortal_a of_o this_o noble_a king_n and_o this_o renown_a conqueror_n for_o his_o fame_n will_v never_o die_v but_o remain_v for_o ever_o in_o the_o most_o last_a record_n of_o time_n and_o monument_n of_o glory_n among_o the_o prince_n most_o celebrate_v for_o their_o brave_a achievement_n in_o war_n their_o wise_a institution_n in_o peace_n the_o length_n and_o prosperity_n of_o their_o life_n and_o their_o reign_n in_o all_o which_o he_o must_v with_o justice_n be_v confess_v not_o to_o have_v be_v equal_v by_o many_o if_o indeed_o by_o any_o we_o read_v of_o in_o story_n i_o have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n hold_v in_o this_o king_n reign_n because_o i_o find_v no_o clear_a evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n or_o constitution_n the_o time_n or_o the_o occasion_n of_o they_o whether_o like_o those_o use_v in_o the_o saxon_a reign_n or_o like_o the_o parliament_n in_o normandy_n or_o whether_o that_o style_n be_v introduce_v here_o in_o this_o king_n time_n or_o that_o of_o his_o son_n who_o succeed_v he_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o often_o assemble_v the_o noble_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o whether_o upon_o the_o solemnity_n of_o some_o great_a festival_n or_o some_o occasion_n of_o more_o importance_n either_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o court_n or_o consultation_n of_o his_o affair_n i_o find_v not_o so_o well_o record_v nor_o so_o easy_a to_o determine_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o it_o be_v agree_v only_o that_o there_o be_v two_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n one_o about_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o a_o controversy_n between_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n about_o the_o primacy_n which_o be_v therein_o determine_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o the_o other_o about_o erect_v some_o new_a bishopric_n or_o translate_n their_o see_v from_o some_o decay_a and_o small_a town_n to_o other_o grow_v in_o that_o age_n more_o populous_a and_o opulent_a the_o lichfield_n chronicle_n also_o relate_v how_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o summon_v out_o of_o every_o county_n the_o noble_n the_o wise_a man_n and_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o their_o own_o law_n that_o he_o may_v from_o they_o learn_v what_o be_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n after_o which_o the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n be_v conserve_v and_o by_o he_o confirm_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o particular_a as_o other_o writer_n in_o the_o name_n of_o place_n or_o of_o person_n or_o distinction_n of_o year_n because_o in_o such_o antiquity_n of_o time_n and_o variety_n of_o author_n i_o find_v they_o very_o hard_o to_o be_v ascertain_v beside_o the_o disagreement_n among_o writer_n be_v so_o great_a in_o assign_v the_o year_n to_o the_o several_a action_n of_o this_o prince_n that_o so_o important_a a_o affair_n as_o that_o of_o frame_v the_o doomsday_n book_n be_v by_o some_o refer_v to_o the_o eight_o by_o other_o to_o the_o thirteen_o and_o by_o some_o to_o the_o nineteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o many_o other_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o same_o uncertainty_n i_o have_v likewise_o omit_v the_o account_n and_o remark_n wherein_o some_o writer_n have_v busy_v their_o pen_n of_o strange_a comet_n inclemency_n of_o season_n rage_a disease_n or_o deplorable_a fire_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o this_o age_n and_o kingdom_n and_o be_v represent_v by_o some_o as_o judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o this_o king_n reign_n because_o i_o rather_o esteem_v they_o accident_n of_o time_n or_o chance_n such_o as_o happen_v in_o one_o part_n or_o other_o of_o the_o world_n perhaps_o every_o age_n at_o some_o period_n of_o time_n or_o from_o some_o influence_n of_o star_n or_o by_o the_o conspire_v of_o some_o natural_a or_o casual_a circumstance_n and_o neither_o argue_v the_o virtue_n or_o vice_n of_o prince_n nor_o serve_v for_o example_n or_o instruction_n to_o posterity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a end_n of_o history_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o chief_a care_n of_o all_o historian_n for_o this_o reason_n as_o well_o as_o to_o comply_v with_o common_a custom_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a or_o unnecessary_a to_o end_v the_o wise_a politic_a and_o prosperous_a reign_n with_o the_o just_a character_n of_o this_o renown_a prince_n since_o all_o great_a action_n in_o the_o world_n and_o revolution_n of_o state_n may_v be_v true_o derive_v from_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o person_n that_o conduct_n and_o govern_v they_o so_o as_o by_o compare_v both_o together_o and_o observe_v the_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o event_n it_o may_v be_v easy_a to_o discern_v by_o what_o personal_a quality_n and_o disposition_n of_o prince_n the_o happy_a and_o glorious_a success_n of_o their_o own_o fortune_n with_o the_o greatness_n and_o felicity_n of_o their_o state_n be_v general_o achieve_v for_o to_o attribute_v such_o great_a event_n to_o time_n or_o to_o chance_n be_v to_o destroy_v the_o example_n and_o confound_v the_o consequence_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o vice_n among_o men._n william_n surname_v the_o conqueror_n be_v of_o the_o tall_a stature_n among_o those_o common_a in_o his_o age_n and_o country_n his_o size_n large_a and_o his_o body_n strong_a build_v but_o well_o proportion_v his_o strength_n such_o as_o few_o of_o his_o court_n can_v draw_v his_o bow_n his_o health_n be_v great_a and_o constant_a which_o make_v he_o very_o active_a in_o his_o business_n and_o his_o pleasure_n till_o about_o the_o decline_v of_o his_o age_n he_o grow_v something_o corpulent_a from_o all_o which_o i_o suppose_v come_v the_o story_n in_o some_o norman_a writer_n that_o he_o be_v eight_o foot_n high_a or_o the_o size_n of_o hercules_n as_o he_o be_v of_o goodly_a personage_n so_o his_o face_n be_v lovely_a but_o of_o a_o masculine_a beauty_n the_o loin_n be_v strong_o rather_o than_o delicate_a his_o eye_n be_v quick_a and_o lively_a but_o when_o move_v something_o fierce_a his_o complexion_n sanguine_a his_o countenance_n very_o pleasant_a when_o he_o be_v gay_a and_o familiar_a when_o he_o be_v serious_a something_o severe_a his_o pastime_n be_v chief_o hunt_v and_o feast_v in_o the_o first_o he_o spend_v much_o time_n use_v great_a exercise_n and_o yet_o much_o moderation_n of_o diet._n in_o his_o feast_n which_o be_v design_v for_o magnificence_n or_o conversation_n to_o know_v or_o to_o be_v know_v among_o his_o noble_n and_o not_o for_o luxury_n he_o be_v courteous_a affable_a familiar_a and_o often_o pleasant_a and_o which_o make_v he_o the_o more_o so_o to_o his_o company_n be_v easy_a at_o those_o time_n in_o grant_v suit_n and_o pardon_n it_o be_v by_o all_o agree_v that_o he_o be_v chaste_a and_o temperate_a which_o with_o a_o happy_a constitution_n and_o much_o exercise_n preserve_v not_o only_o his_o health_n but_o vigour_n to_o the_o last_o decline_v of_o his_o age._n he_o be_v of_o sound_a natural_a sense_n and_o show_v it_o not_o only_o in_o his_o own_o conduct_n and_o reason_v upon_o all_o great_a occasion_n but_o also_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o minister_n and_o friend_n wherein_o no_o prince_n be_v happy_a or_o wise_a than_o he_o he_o talk_v little_a never_o vaunt_v observe_v much_o be_v very_o secret_a and_o use_v only_a lanfranc_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o a_o universal_a confidence_n both_o as_o a_o counsellor_n and_o a_o friend_n to_o who_o he_o be_v ever_o meek_a and_o gentle_a though_o to_o other_o something_o austere_a as_o if_o this_o conqueror_n have_v be_v himself_o subdue_v by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n of_o that_o excellent_a man._n in_o his_o purpose_n he_o be_v steady_a but_o not_o obstinate_a and_o though_o constant_a to_o his_o end_n yet_o appliable_a to_o occasion_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o favour_v and_o trust_v the_o norman_n in_o his_o trouble_n of_o england_n and_o the_o english_a in_o those_o of_o normandy_n and_o be_v either_o very_a wise_a or_o very_a happy_a in_o the_o art_n of_o gain_v enemy_n and_o retain_v friend_n