another of the Medes and Persians For he thinks that Cyaxares the first King of the Medes whom he supposes to have been Assuerus delivered the Persians whom his Father Phraortes had Conquered to his Son Darius to be governed by him as their King Whom Daniel c. 9.1 calls as he conjectures Darius the Son of Assuerus of the Seed of the Medes And Cyaxares I. had Astyages for his Successor in the Kingdom of the Medes Dispossest by Cyrus but Darius who was also called Astyages the Grandfather of Cyrus had Cyaxares for his Successor See Marsham ad Saec. 18. But there are many things that do occasion me to dissent from him though otherwise it must be confessed that there can be nothing almost besides conjectures in this business 3426. 558. LV. iii. 196. Craesus last King of Lydia Reigned sixteen years his Father being still alive as Petavius supposes The Poets Ibycus Simonides and Stesichorus as also the Philosopher Anaximenes flourished at this time 3429. 555. LVI ii 199. After the Death of Neriglissor Baltassar his Son Reigned alone nine Months at the end whereof he was Slain by Nabonides's faction or as Petavius thinks by that of Darius the Mede and Nabonides or Darius the Mede succeeded him In this Age lived Xenophanes of Colophon the Philosopher and Theognis the Poet Sirnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 now flourished Phalaris the Tyrant of Agrigentum flourished then also one Perillus is said to have made him a brazen bull hollow within wherein he shut up Men alive and putting fire under it made their crying to seem like the bellowing of a Bull. But the first on whom the experiment was tryed was Perillus himself of whom Ovid in his first Book de Arte Amandi after he had said that Busiris slew the Man who first taught him to pacifie the Gods with the blood of his Guests speaks thus Et Phalaris tauro violenti membra Perilli Torruit infelix imbuit auctor opus Justus uterque fuit neque enim Lex aequior ulla est Quà m necis artifices arte perire suá 3440. 544. LIX i. 210. Croesus King of Lydia marched against the Persians or the Army of the Medes and Persians commanded by Cyrus the Persian and while he hoped to return home Conqueror he was deluded by the Ambiguous answer of the Oracle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For having past over the River Haly he was overcome by Cyrus and upon the taking of Sardis was made a Prisoner and carryed into Captivity leaving all Asia unto Cyrus A little after flourished Anaximander the Milesian who foundout the obliquity of the Zodiack and Pherecydes of Scyros not the Syrian for he was not of Syria but of the Isle of Scyros who was Pythagoras his Master who not long after were followed by Hipponax and Hippicus the Poets In these times lived Consucius in the furthermost parts of Asia among the Chineses who was an excellent Philosopher Of whom see Mart. Martinius in his History of China lib. 4. and Philip Coupletius in his Proem to Confucius Not long after Croesus his overthrow when Harpagus in Cyrus's Name governed the lesser Asia the Phocaeans being weary of his Rule left Asia and Sailed into Gaul where they fixed their Seats about a place where now Marseilles stands and built that City 3446. 538. LX. v. 216. This year Cyrus having subdued the King of Babylon's Confederates marched to Babylon it self which he took and for his Reward his Uncle Cyaxares who dyed soon after bestowed his only Daughter Mandanes upon him whom when he had marryed he was made Heir to all Cyaxares his Kingdom and gave a beginning to the Persian Monarchy which had not any equal to it before Daniel the Prophet lived to this time who was carried captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezer to whom under Nabonidus or Darius the Mede the last King of Babylon the Prophecy of the Seventy weeks was Revealed upon the elapsing of which the Messias was to come as we shall see hereafter The Return of the Jews The Eighth EPOCH From the Return of the Jews out of the Babylonish Captivity to the Subduing of Carthage are 336 years which makes up the Eighth PERIOD Year of the W. Year before Christ Olymp. of the Building of Rome 3446. 538. LX. v. 216. THE same year wherein Cyrus began his Reign upon the taking of Babylon he put forth a Decree wherein the Jews who were held in Captivity by the Kings of Babylon were ordered to Rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem in obedience to which they returned in great numbers into their own Country under the Conduct of Zorobabel together with Josua the Son of Josedec the High Priest Two years after they laid the Foundations of the Temple and erected an Altar But the Samaritans their Neighbours who also worshipped the God of Israel while they pretended a readiness of themselves to assist the Jews in the work and were refused by the Jews they endeavoured by their Calumnies to induce the King of Persia to put a stop to the further carrying on of the building Esd 4. In these times Simenides of Ceos Anacreon of Samos Lyrick Poets and Xenophanes the natural Philosopher and Poet flourished amongst the Greeks 3451. 533. LXI iv 221. This year Tarquinius Superbus the last King of the Romans having Slain his Father in Law began his Reign which continued for four and twenty years Five years after Cyrus wageth War with the Scythians if you believe Justin and Herodotus and was slain by Thomyris Queen of Scythia But Ctesias says that he was wounded in a Battle he fought against the Derbices and dyed three days after having first given many good Precepts to his Sons Cambyses and Tanyoxares But Zenophon clearly describes him dying pleasantly in a good old Age after he had Reigned thirty years He was Succeeded by Cambyses II. King of Persia who Reigned seven years and five Months Cambyses upon the Death of Amasis King of Egypt and his being Succeeded by Psammenitus in that Kingdom invaded it where after he had done many cruel Acts and in the mean time commanded his Brother in Persia to be put to Death he at last ran mad and not long after was wounded and dyed After his Death a certain Magician called Smerdis very much resembling Tanyoxares both in body and face took upon him to be the same Person and Reigned seven Months Petavius thinks this Man to have been Artaxerxes whom Esdras makes to Succeed Ahasuerus c. 9.7 See his Book de Doct. temp lib. 12.27 About these times Polycrates the Tyrant of Samos was crucified by Oron Governor of Sardis who took him by a stratagem after he held the Tyrannick power for eleven years with great Success 3436. 521. LXIV iii. 233. After the counterfeit Tanyoxares had hid himself seven Months he was at last taken and destroy'd by the Seven Peers of Persia who conspired against him and one of their number viz. Darius the Son of Hystaspis was made choice of in his room
other Outrages there Soon after he endeavoured by exquisite Torments to bring the Jews to abjure their Religion many of whom he forced to it though he was not able by the cruellest kinds of Death he could think of to frighten others to it among which number were Eleazar and his seven Brethren of whom read 2 Mac. vi vii 3816. 168. CLIII i. 586. Matthatias one of the Lineage of Aaron fled to the Mountains of Judaea and invited those Jews who were zealous for their Old Religion to come and join him but he dying the following year left Judas Maccabaeus his Son to succeed him who performed many famous Exploits against Antiochus his Captains Now the reason why Matthatias's Sons were called Maccabees was because these letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Machbai were on their Ensigns which are the initial letters of these four words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Who among the gods is like unto thee O Lord They were also called Hasmonaei from the Chaldee word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Princes 3819. 165. CLIII iv 589. Judas after he had won many Victories over Antiochus's Generals purged the Temple that had been polluted and consecrated the same by a new Dedication on the 25th Day of the Month Casleu that is November the 23d Hence it was that the Feast called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or The Dedication of the Temple was celebrated every year Next year Antiochus being dead Judas began to take upon him the Office of High-Priest though he could not yet take the City of David where Antiochus Epiphanes had planted a Garrison While he laid Siege to it Antiochus Eupator the Son of Epiphanes came with an Army to Jerusalem and for some time sate down before it but having afterwards patcht up a Peace he entred the City and took and demolish'd the Walls thereof A little after this Demetrius Soter this Prince's Uncle who had been long kept for an Hostage at Rome privately left the City went into Syria and having recovered his Father's Kingdom slew Antiochus and Lysias his chief General and then growing angry with the Jews he was soon after by the artifice of Alcimus who lay upon the catch for the High-Priesthood brought to make a League with them But the Peace was of no long duration for next year a War broke out between them and Judas Maccabaeus fought Bacchides Demetrius's General and slew him Now it was that Eumenes and Attalus Kings of Pergamus lived as also Hipparchus a famous Astronomer among the Greeks not to forget Pacuvius of Brundusium a Tragedy-Writer among the Romans 3835. 149. CLVII iv 605. The Carthaginians molesting Masinissa King of Numidia who was Confederate with the Romans and building Ships contrary to the Articles of the last Peace gave a beginning to the Third Punick War which was carry'd on by Sea and Land by both Consuls and within four years finally terminated with the Destruction of Carthage by Scipio Aemilianus Much about the same times began the Achaian War occasioned by the Achaians driving out the Roman Legates from thence as also the War in Spain against Viriatus who invaded Lusitania 3839. 145. CLVIII iv 609. The Jews under the Conduct of Jonathan the Brother of Judas did well enough neither were the Kings of Syria at Enmity with them and Jonathan brought things so well to bear that he made a League with the Romans and Lacedaemonians which last he accosted in a very honourable manner as if they had been originally descended from the same Stock as the Jews 1 Maccab. xii He was succeeded in the Office of High-Priest by his Brother Simon three years after the fore-mention'd League 3851. 139. CLXI iv 621. The Achaian War was terminated within a year after the first commencement of it and the City of Corinth being burnt by L. Mummius Achaia was reduced into the form of a Province which is so much the more to be wonder'd at that the Jews should a little before make an Alliance with the Lacedaemonians who were in Confederacy with the Achaians But in Spain things were carry'd on with various successes until now that Scipio Aemylianus after a long Siege destroyed Numantia Simon two years before this being treacherously slain by Ptolemy his Son-in-Law he was succeeded by John Hyrcanus his Son who was at first in amity with Antiochus Sidetes but afterwards becoming his Enemy laid some of his Cities waste and among others Sicima and Garizim where the Temple that had been built above two hundred years before was utterly destroyed Then he subdued the Edomites and forced them to be Circumcised because they were the Posterity of Abraham The very same year that Numantia was taken died Attalus and left the Romans his Heir and the now bringing of rich Hangings Paintings Pictures Precious Moveables c. out of Asia into Italy began to infect the Romans with Luxury and debauch their Manners That year also Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the People raising a Sedition in the City was slain It was not long after that the Romans began to lead Colonies into Gallia Transalpina after they had subdued the Inhabitants of the Province of Narbonne whilst all things in Asia were turned topsie-turvy by base Murders among the Kings of Syria Demetrius was killed by his Wife Cleopatra for Rhodogunes's sake She also did the same by his Son Seleucus who had assum'd the Kingly Power without her Authority Antiochus Grypus reigned in his stead who made his Mother Cleopatra that would have given him Poison drink it her self After which he waged War with his Brother Antiochus Cyzicenus for a long time with various success 3873. 111. CLXVII ii 643. This year began the Jugurthine War the History whereof is written by Salust King Jugurtha corrupted some of the Roman Commanders with Money and received great Overthrows from others of them till at length after the Revolution of eight years he was led in triumph by C. Marius then Consul At that time it was that Aristobulus upon the Death of Hyrcanus succeeded as High-Priest and reigned one year leaving the Kingdom to Alexander Jannes his Brother who was greatly distressed by Ptolemy Lathurus King of Egypt Marius overcame the Teutones and Ambrones at a Place called Aquae Sextiae and from henceforward the Romans began to oppress the Gauls 3830. 94. CLXXI. iii. 660. Ariobarzanes being by Mithridates expelled the Kingdom of Cappadocia was restored by L. Sulla Propraetor of Cilicia and this gave a beginning to the Mithridatick War which kept the Roman Armies in play for forty years together A little after Nicomedes King of Bithynia being expelled by the same Mithridates was reinstated by Sulla But Mithridates the very next year after the Restitution of Nicomedes having levied a greater Army seized on and wasted Phrygia took care to put to death all the Citizens of Rome that were in Asia and that in one day and invaded Macedon Thrace and Greece Sulla was at that time engaged in the Italian War and gave
the Samnites a great overthrow Marius in the mean time by the assistance of C. Sulpicius Tribune of the People endeavoured to deprive him of his Command But Sulla returning out of Campania to Rome slew Sulpicius and put Marius to flight Italy was again much afflicted the following year with the Armies commanded by Marius Cinna Carbo and Sertorius while Sulla won many Battels from Mithridates and wasted his Army Marius dying of Sickness Cinna being then Consul L. Flaccus succeeded Sulla in the Command but his own Lieutenant Fimbria killed Flaccus who being afterwards forsaken by the Army that went over to Sulla slew himself Nay Cinna was also slain by the very Army he got ready to march against Sulla leaving the Consulship to Carbo alone who refused to accept of the Terms of Peace offered him by Sulla This Man therefore marched out of Greece at the Head of Thirty thousand Men and with them overthrew a much more numerous Army of Cn. Norbanus Flaccus the Consul in Battel At the same time Q. Sertorius who had an Army in Italy despairing of any good Success went into the farther Province of Spain which fell unto his lot to govern But Cneus Pompeius who afterwards conquered him joined Sulla with three Volonian Legions being then but Three and twenty Years old Sulla next year overthrew C. Marius the other 's Son in battel at Praeneste and then possessing himself of the City confiscated the Estates of his Enemies He also fought with and overcame the Praetor Damasippus Marius Carrinates and the Samnite Troops before the Gate called Collina He was afterwards made Dictator which Office after three years space he laid down of himself 3906. 78. CLXXV iii. 676. Hyrcanus upon the death of King Alexander his Father succeeded him in the Kingdom of Judaea and reigned eleven years In the mean time Sertorius in Spain being one while beaten another while Victor worsted the Roman Armies commanded by Metellus and Pompey in divers Battels till that after five years both himself and Perpenna his Lieutenant were slain by the Treachery of their own Men whereby Pompey had the opportunity of recovering Spain At that time Servilius conquered the Isaurians and took their Cities in Cilicia from whence having got the Sirname of Isauricus conquered the Pirates and reduced Cilicia and Crete into the form of a Province he triumphed L. Lucullus engaged in the Mithridatick War and won many Victories over that King That War called the Servile one breaking forth under the Conduct of Spartacus it was with difficulty put an end to in three years space by M. Crassus the Praetor and Cn. Pompeius Cicero was then Quaestor in Sicily and began to be famous for his Eloquence Varro also with Lucretius Catullus and other learned Men lived in those days 3917. 67. CLXXVIII ii 687. Servilius having not perfectly destroyed the Cilician Pirates and others who having repaired their Shipping infested the Seas every where Pompey was entrusted with an extraordinary Commission to clear the Seas from those Robbers which he perform'd with that celerity that he either took them all or having burnt their Ships rendred them incapable of more mischief in the space of forty days The same Pompey being next year sent against Mithridates did at length put a final period to that War and so had the honour of Triumphing He performed also many famous Exploits almost throughout all Asia Then Hyrcanus King and High-Priest of the Jews was put out of the Pontificate by his Brother Aristobulus who exercised that Charge for the space of three years but being taken Prisoner by Pompey when he conquered Jerusalem he was together with his Children sent to Rome and Hyrcanus restored again to his former Office The same year Cicero being Consul delivered the Commonwealth of Rome from a most dangerous Conspiracy Cataline who was the Chief of it being overcome and slain by Petreius Lieutenant to Anthony the other Consul 3924. 60. CLXXX i. 694. Pompey Crassus and Caesar having contracted a strict Friendship one with another formed a Design of oppressing the Commonwealth now distracted with divers Factions Caesar obtained Gaul for his Province and held the same for ten years Syria fell to Crassus his lot from whence marching against the Parthians he was together with his Son P. Crassus and the whole Army hemmed in by their Horse and slain The two Provinces of Spain came to Pompey's share In the mean time Cicero was sent to and recalled from Banishment Hyrcanus in Judaea being driven out of Jerusalem by Alexander the Son of Aristobulus was restored by Gabinius This same Gabinius that he might lessen the Authority of the Grand Synedrim or Council at Jerusalem erected four more like thereunto viz. at Gadaris Amathus Jericho and Saphoris While Caesar was getting several Victories over the Gauls and Germans Pompey dedicated his Theatre and gave Plays wherein ten Lions and eighteen Elephants were slain But Crassus as was said before warring rashly against the Parthians perished in the said Expedition 3933. 51. CLXXXII ii 703. Cicero this year got a Decree of the Senate to make him Proconsul in Cilicia and after having overcome some bands of Robbers in Mount Amanus and taken some Castles was saluted by the Army with the Title of Imperator Cassius also at the same time valiantly defended Syria against the Irruption of the Parthians so that they were forced to be gone re infectâ Next year after the Senate had in vain required Caesar to dismiss his Army broke out the Civil War between him and Pompey wherein first Caesar entring Italy with his Army drove the Senate and Pompey from thence Then Pompey's Troops in Spain submitted to him and after that returning victorions to Rome he entred upon the Consulship and having transported his Army over into Epirus he overcame Pompey himself who flying into Egypt was slain by Ptolemy Caesar pursuing Pompey thither was very like to have been cut off by the King of Egypt yet he overcame the Alexandrians and entred upon the Office of Perpetual Dictator He conquer'd Scipio Pompey's Son-in Law in Africa the following year and at last in the fifth year from the first breaking out of the Civil War beat Pompey's Sons in Spain by which last Victory he got the Sovereign Power entirely into his hands Then he bethought himself of regulating the Course of the Year and seeing the preceding one which was called the Year of Confusion by his Command consisted of 445 Days this which was the 45th before the Birth of our Saviour was the First Julian Year the same being made up of 365 Days and 6 Hours which being set together make One Day in every Fourth Year the same being called the Bissextile or Leap-Year See Pet. Rationar p. 2. l. i. c. 1. He was slain in the fourth year of his Dictatorship and the sixth after the commencement of the Civil War on the First of March in the Senate-House There was one Antipater an Edomite by Nation who
Philosopher and a Christian Page 107 Aristobulus High-Priest of the Jews Page 86 93 Aristodemus the Messenian Page 32 Aristomenes the Messenian Page 34 Aristophanes the Comick Poet Page 55 Aristotle the Stagyrite flourish'd under Philip and Alexander Kings of Macedon and was Praeceptor to the latter and Author of the Peripatetick Sect Page 69 Arius the Heretick Page 125 c. Arnobius Page 120 Arrianus the Philosopher Page 108 Arsaces first King of Parthia Page 77 Arses King of Persia Page 66 Artabanus slew Xerxes Page 52 Artaxerxes Longimanus is made Partaker of the Kingdom with his Father 50. Reigns alone 51. Makes a base Peace with the Greeks Page 55 Artaxerxes the Mindful King of Persia 59. overcomes his Brother Cyrus Page 60 Artaxerxes Ochus King of Persia 62. subdues the Cyprians and Phoenicians Page 65 Artemius the Emperor Page 184 Ascanius builds Asbalonga Page 23 Ascanius Pedianus Page 103 Asdrubal Brother of Annibal is slain Page 78 Asphaltidis the Original of that Lake Page 11 Assarhaddon invades Babylon Page 33 Assuerus Esther 's Husband who he was Page 40 Astyages the last King of the Medes Page 38 40 Athanasius chosen Bishop of Alexandria Condemned at Tyre 129. Recalled from Banishment 132. Condemned again in Asia Acquitted in Italy Returns to Alexandria ibid. Condemned in the West Page 135 Athenaeus the Grammarian Athenagoras Page 108 Athens taken by Lysander and betray'd by the Thirty Tyrants The Athenians begin a War with the Lacedaemonians and make a Truce 55. Win many Victories under Pericles 60. Begin the Peloponnesian War ib. M. Attilus Regulus Page 74 Attalus I. King of Pergamus 78. II. makes the Romans his Heirs Page 85 Attila King of the Huns Page 153 Atreus when he lived Page 21 Avares created a great deal of trouble to the Eastern Emperors Page 170 171 Aurelian the Emperor Page 118 M. Aurelius Anton. Emp. Page 108 Augustine converted from Manichaism 144. Made a Bishop Page 146 Augustulus Emperor Page 156 Augustus gets the Power The learned Men that flourished in his time Page 93 94 B BAbylon taken by Cyrus Page 42 Babylon taken by Darius Page 46 The Babylonian Tower Page 6 The Babylonian Kingdom whether it ended with Sardanapalus Page 28 Baladan the same as Nabonassar Page 31 Baltassar King of Babylon Page 39 Barac King of Israel Page 19 Barchocheba Page 107 Barnabas his Epistle Page 103 Basil of Caesarea Page 138 Bede Page 185 Belisarius Page 164 Belus the Assyrian Page 19 166 Boethius Page 163 167 Brennus the Gaul Page 73 Brunechildis a Wicked Woman Page 171 Brutus and Cassius conquer'd Page 92 Bulgarians troublesome to the Eastern Empire Page 179 Byrsa a Tower of Carthage from whence called Page 27 Byzantium Dedicated Page 130 C CAdmus when driven into Greece Page 14 Calcedon Synod Page 154 Caligula Emperor Page 99 Callinicus the Patriarch of Constantinople Page 180 Cambyses the Father of Cyrus Page 40 Cambyles Second King of Persia Page 44 Caracalla Emperor Page 113 Caranus the Heraclidan Page 29 Charles the Great 's Reign Page 195 Charles Martell 184. overcomes the Saracens Page 185 Carthaginians wage the First War with the Romans 73. the Second 76. the Third Page 84 Carthage when it was built and whence named Page 27 Carausius Page 120 Carinus Emperor Page 119 Carus Emperor Page 119 Cataline 's Conspiracy Page 89 Catullus the Poct ibid. Cecrops 's Age Page 13 Censors of Rome first created Page 56 Chabrias the Athenian Page 63 Chaerisophus the Lacedaemonian Page 60 Christ 's Nativity 95. His Death Page 98 Christians when so called Page 100 Chrysostom 144 147. Condemned ibid. Cicero Quaestor 89. Consul ibid. Proconsul of Cicily 90. His Death Page 92 Cimon Miltiades 's Son his Exploits Page 51 55 Claudius Emperor Page 100 101 Claudius M. Aurelius Emperor Page 118 Claudius Clemens Page 192 Clearchus the Lacedaemonian Page 60 Clement 's Epistle Page 103 105 Cleopatra Syrian Queen a wicked Woman Page 86 Clodius Albinus Emperor Page 109 Clodovaeus the French King Page 160 Codrus the Athenian King Page 24 Coelestius a Disciple of Pelagius Page 148 149 Colossus the Remains thereof at Rhodes Page 178 Columban an Irish-man Page 168 Commodus Emperor Page 109 Confucius the Socrates of the Serans when he lived Page 42 Conon an Athenian Page 60 Constans Caesar 131. slain Page 135 Constants the Son of Constantine Heraclius 's Grandson Emperor Page 177 Constantinople New Rome Page 130 Constantinopolitan Synod the Second Oecumenical one Page 143 Constantinopolitan Synod the Sixth Oecumenical one Page 179 Constantinus Chlorus 120. made Emperor Page 121 Constantine Emperor 121. His Conversion 124. His Decree in honour of the Bishops ibid. War with Licinius ibid. His Cruelty 129. His Death Page 131 Constantius the Son of Constantine Caesar Page 125 Constantius Heraclius 's Son Emperor Page 176 Constantinus Pogonatus Emperor Page 179 Constantine Copronymus Page 186 Constantine the Son of Leo III. Emperor Page 190 Constantius Caesar 131. His Death Page 137 Constantius Gallus Caesar Page 135 Consuls at Rome first Created Page 46 Crates the Cynick Page 70 Crispus Caesar 125. slain Page 129 M. Curtius throws himself into the Chasm Page 63 Q. Curtius the Historian Page 102 Chuschan King of Mesopotamia Page 18 Croesus the last King of the Lydians 40. is overcome by Cyrus Page 41 Cyaxares I. besieging Nineve to no purpose is overcome by the Scythians 36. Destroys them ibid. Cyaxares II. King of the Medes 40. makes Cyrus his Son in Law and his Heir Page 42 Cyprian the Martyr Page 116 117 Cypselus a Tyrant of Corinth Page 35 Cyril of Alexandria Page 151 Cyril of Jerusalem Page 144 Cyrus the First Persian King 42. His Death Page 44 Cyrus the Younger makes War upon his Brother Page 59 D. DAlmatius Caesar 131. slain Page 132 Damasus Bishop of Rome how created Page 139 Danaus King of the Argives Page 18 Daniel the Prophet Page 39 Darius the Son of Hystaspis King of Persia Page 45 Darius makes War upon the Scythians to no purpose His Death Page 47. Darius Medus who he was Page 43 Darius Codomannus King of Persia 66. is overcome by Alexander Page 63 Darius the Bastard King of Persia Page 58 David 's Reign Page 25 Deborah the Prophetess Page 20 P. Decius Mus devoted himself to Death Page 66 Decius Emperor Page 116 Dejoces first King of the Medes Page 28 34 Demetrius Phalereus 90. Poliorcetes ibid. Demates the Orator Page 69 Demaratus of Corinth goes into Banishment 35. His Son becomes King of the Romans Page 36 Demetrius Philip 's Son Page 81 Demetrius Soter Page 84 Democritus the Philosopher Page 47 Demosthenes the Orator Page 69 Desiderius Longobardus conquer'd by Charles the Great Page 190 Deucalion 's Flood 13. Whence the Name of Deucalion Page 14 Diacrinomenians or the Doubting Page 158 Diadumenianus Caesar Page 111 Dido what time she lived Page 27 Didymus of Alexandria Page 139 Deluge Vniversal what Year Page 6 Dio Cassius Page 114 Dioclesian the Emperor His Pride
Leocrates the Athenian Page 53 Leonidas King of the Lacedaemonians slain at Thermopylae Page 49 Leontius the Emperor Page 181 Leosthenes the Athenian Page 69 Leovigildus King of the Goths in Spain Page 169 M. Lepidus Triumvir Page 92 Libanus the Sophist Page 138 Liberius Bishop of Rome Page 135 Licinius the Emperor 123. His War with Constantine 125. Falls out again 126. Is slain ibid. Licinius Son of Licinius Caesar Page 125 Livius Andronicus the Poet Page 75 T. Livy Page 94 Lot's Wife whether she was turned into a Pillar of Salt Page 11 Lucan Page 102 Lucian of Samosata Page 108 Lucifer Calaritanus Page 137 Lucretius the Poet Page 89 L. Lucullus Page 88 Luitprand King of the Langobards Page 186 Lycortas Praetor of Achaia Page 81 Lycurgus and the Errors of his Polity Page 30 Lysias the Orator Page 55 M MAcchabees whence so called Page 83 Macedonian Kingdom when it began Page 23 Macedonius the Heretick Page 136 Macrinus the Emperor Page 111 Magnentius the Tyrant Page 135 Mahomet a False Prophet his Tenets and Beginning Page 172 173 Majorianus the Emperor Page 155 Man's Life formerly longer Page 5 Mamercus Aemilius Page 57 Manasseh King of Juda Page 34 Manasseh the Brother of Jaddua Page 67 Manes the Heretick 119. Manichaeans in Persia Page 162 L. Manlius Imperiosus Page 62 T. Manlius kills his Son with an Axe Page 66 Marathonian Battel Page 48 M. Marcellus takes Syracuse 78. is slain by Annibal ibid. Marcian the Emperor Page 154 155 Mardonius prospers in Thrace and Asia 48. is overcome at Marathon ibid. at Plataeae Page 50 Mariamne Herod 's Wife Page 92 93 Martina Augusta Page 176 Martinianus Caesar Page 126 Martin Bishop of Tours Page 140 Marseilles when it was built Page 42 Massinissa King of Numidia Page 79 Mattathias the Priest Page 83 Mavias a Saracen Page 177 Mauritus the Emperor Page 169 170 Maxentius the Emperor Page 122 Maximus the Emperor Page 114 Maximianus Armentarius Caesar Page 120 Maximianus Herculius Emperor 120. lays aside his Royal Dignities 121. attempts to take them up again Page 122 Maximius the Emperor Page 114 Maximus thrusts himself into the Empire 143. He is slain Page 144 Maximus of Tyre Page 108 Mecaenas C. Cilnius Page 94 Megabasus sent into Europe by Darius Page 47 Melchites who they were Page 157 Melissus the Philosopher Page 55 Melito of Sardis Page 108 Sp. Melius aspires to the Kingdom of Rome and is punished Page 56 Menander a Comick Poet Page 70 Menenius Agrippa reduces the Commonalty of Rome Page 48 Meroveus King of the Franks Page 154 Messenians Builders of Messana Page 34 Messenian First War 154 Second War ibid. Miltiades the Athenian Page 48 Minos it may be two of the Name Page 18 Minutius Felix Page 120 Misitheus Gordian 's Father in-in-Law Page 115 Mithridates and his War with the Romans Page 87 89 Monks commanded to Marry Page 189 Monothelites their Original Page 175 Montanus the Heretick Page 109 Moses his Birth 13. His Acts 15 16. His Laws His Death Page 17-18 L. Mummius of Achaia Page 85 Myronides the Athenian Page 53 N NAbis a Lacedaemonian Tyrant Page 79 Nabonassar Restorer of the Babylonian Empire Page 31 Nabonidus the last King of Babylon Page 41 Nebuchadonosor carries away the Jews captive 37. Besieges Tyre 38. His Death Page 39 Naevius the Poet Page 75 Necho King of Egypt Page 36 Nectanebos the Son of the King of Egypt revolts from his Father 63. Is overcome by the Persians Page 65 Nehemiah repairs the Walls of Jerusalem 52. Regulates their corrupt Manners Page 54 Nemaean Games instituted Page 39 Nemesianus the Poet Page 120 Nepos the Emperor Page 156 Nepotianus the Tyrant Page 135 Neriglissor Nebuchadonosor 's Son-in-Law Page 40 Nerva the Emperor Page 105 Nestorius Condemned Page 151 Nicene First Synod Page 127 Nicene Second Synod Page 191 Nicephorus Brother of Leo Armenius Page 191 Nicephorus Patricius the Emperor Page 194 Nicomedia by whom and when it was built Page 75 Nimrod 's Reign Page 6 Nineveh built 20. Repaired Page 31 Ninus when he lived and why he is thought to be the Founder of the Babylonian Empire Page 20 Noah 's Sons what Coasts they inhabited Page 6 Numa Pompilius King of the Romans Page 33 Numantia taken Page 85 Numerianus the Emperor Page 119 O OCtavius Caesar Triumvir 92. See Augustus Odonatus King of Palmyra Page 117 Odoacer King of the Heruli Page 159 Ogyges 's Reign and Flood Page 13 Olybrius the Emperor Page 156 Olympick Games restored by Iphitus Page 29 Olympian Conquerors when they began to be Crowned Page 31 Olympius the Poet Page 120 Omar a Chaliph Page 176 Origen 112. His Tetrapla Hexapla Octapla Page 113. His Opinions Page 114 Origen 's Opinion condemned after his Death Page 166 Otho the Emperor Page 103 Othoniel Judge of the Jews Page 18 Ovid 's Anachronism Page 46 P PAcuvius the Poet Page 75 84 Pagans Name whence risen Page 135 Palladius of Galata Page 146 Panathenaea when instituted Page 20 Papinian the Lawyer Page 111 Paris Academy Page 192 Parmendides the Philosopher Page 55 Parthenians Builders of Tarentum Page 32 Parthians seek a King of Tiberius Page 99 Parthian War whence risen 77. It s end Page 114 Passover Differences concerning its Celebration Page 110 Paul the Apostle Page 99 Paul the Deacon Page 102 Paul Ictus Page 112 Paul of Samosata the Heretick Page 118 Pausanias overcomes Mardonius at Plataea Page 50 Pelagius 's Opinion 148. Synods held against him Page 149 Pelagius who was descended of the Goths preserved the Country of Asturia and transmitted the Dominion thereof to his Posterity Page 185 186 Pelopidas a Theban Page 62 Peloponnesian War 56. The Occasion thereof Page 57 Pelops when he reigned Page 18 Pilgrimages for Religion's sake Page 152 Pericles the Athenian Page 55 Perillus 's fate a Black-smith Page 41 Perseus King of the Mycenians Page 21 Perseus the last King of the Macedonians Page 82 Perseus the Poet Page 102 Persian War begun Page 114 Pertinax the Emperor Page 109 Pescennius Niger the Emperor Page 109 Peter whether he has been at Rome 100 102. His other Epistle Page 101 Peter Fullo the Heretick Page 155 Phalantus a Parthenian Captian Page 32 Phalaris the Tyrant Page 41 Phantasiasticks Page 165 Pharamund Page 150 Phavorinus the Philosopher Page 107 Pherecydes the Syrian Page 42 Phylemo a Comick Poet Page 70 Philetaerus King of the Pergamenians Page 75 Philippicus the Emperor Page 183 Philip the Arab Emperor Page 115 Philip the Son of Amintas King of Macedon 46. is slain Page 66 Philip the last King of Macedon save one Page 78 81 Philip the Tetrarch Page 95 99 Philomelus the Author of the Holy War Page 64 Philopoemen Praetor of Achaia Page 81 Philostorgius whether to be believ'd or not Page 125 129 Phocas the Emperor Page 170 Phoemonoë deliver'd the first Oracle in Hexameter Verses Page 21 Phoenicians whence so called Page 12 Photinus the Heretick Page 133 135 Phraortes besieges
Nineveh to no purpose Page 35 Phul King of the Assyrians Page 30 Pindar the Poet Page 50 Pippin Son of Charles Martell King of France brought back Aistulphus into his Obedience Page 188 Placida Sister of Honorius 148. She is Dignified with the Title of Augusta Page 150 Plataean Battel Page 50 Plato the Philosopher Page 60 Pliny the Elder Page 103 Pliny the Younger Page 105 Plutarch the Philosopher Page 106 Polycarpus the Martyr Page 108 Polycrates a Tyrant of Samos Page 45 Cn. Pompey the Great his Acts 90. overcome by Caesar and slain by Ptolemy Page 91 Sex Pompey Son of Cn. Pompey Page 92 Pontius Pilate Page 97 Porsennus his War with the Romans Page 47 A. Posthumius Dictator Page 56 Priscian the Grammarian Page 163 Priscillian the Heretick Page 144 Probus the Emperor Page 119 Prodicus the Rhetorician Page 55 Propertius Page 94 Psammeticus King of Egypt Page 35 Psmamenitus King of Aegypt Page 44 Ptolemy the Son of Lagus Page 70 Ptolemy Philadelphus Page 71 Ptolemy Philopater a Hater of the Jews Page 77 Ptolemy the Mathematician Page 107 Pulcheria Augusta Page 154 Punick War 72. Second War 77 Pupienus the Emperor Page 115 Pygmalion 's Kingdom Page 27 Pyrrha whence so called Page 14 Pyrrhus King of the Epyrots Page 72 Pythagoras the Philosopher Page 46 Pythian Games instituted Page 38 Q QUadratus Page 107 T. Quinctius Cincinnatus triumphs over the Volscians and Antium 51. Overcomes ths Aequi Page 53 Quintilian Page 102 R RAchisius a Beneventan Captain Page 191 Ravenna 's Exarchate its Beginning 168. It s End ibid. Recharedus the Catholick Page 169 Rehoboam 's Reign Page 26 Roderick King of Spain Page 182 Rotharitus Langobardus Page 177 Romulus 's Reign 32. His Death Page 33 Ruffinus of Aquileia Page 139 Ruffinus a Seditious Captain Page 146 S SAbellus the Heretick Page 117 Saguntum Besieged Page 76 Salaminian Battel Page 49 Salmanassar King of Assyria Page 32 Samaritans sent from Assyria into Judea 32. use the ancient Characters of the Hebrews Page 54 Sanaballat a Samaritan Page 67 Sanchoniathon an Historian of Phoenicia Page 19 Seven Wise Men of Greece Page 37 Sappho the Poetress Page 38 Saracens when they began to flourish Page 177 Sardis a Synod held there Page 134 Saul 's Reign Page 24 P. Scipio Aemilianus Page 84 85 P. Scipio Africanus ended the Second Punick War 79. Condemned Page 81 L. Scipio Asiaticus Page 80 P. Scipio Nasica Page 79 Scipio Pompey 's Son-in-Law conquer'd in Africa Page 91 Scythians invade Asia Page 36 Sedekiah the last King of Judaea Page 37 Seleucian Synod Page 136 Seleucus Nicanor Page 68 Semiramis Queen of Babylon Page 20 Sennacherib King of Assyria Page 33 Sextus of Chaeronea Page 108 Seventy Greek Interpreters of Moses 's Law Page 71 Q. Sertorius 's Acts Page 88 Servius Tullius 's Reign Page 39 Servile War Page 89 Servilius Isauricus Page 88 Sesostris King of Egypt what time he lived 26. Subdues Asia ibid. Seth when born Page 4 Severus L. Septimus the Emperor Page 109 Severus Caesar Page 121 Severus the Emperor Page 154 Severus the Theopaschite Page 161 Sextus the Empirick Page 106 Sicyons Kingdom 8. comes to a period Page 23 Sidon burnt Page 65 Simon the Maccabee Page 85 Simonides the Poet Page 44 Sirmium Synod Page 135 Smerdis Magus Page 44 Socrates Chief of the Philosophers 55. His Death 60. His Disciples ibid. Sodom destroyed Page 11 Sogdianus King of Persia Page 57 Solomon's Kingdom Page 26 Solon when born 35. Corrects the Laws of Draco Page 38 Sophocles the Tragoedian Page 51 Spanish War Page 84 85 Spartachus General of the Servii Page 89 Stesichorus the Poet Page 41 Stephen the Protomartyr Page 98 Stephen Bishop of Rome Page 117 Stephen the Pope flies to King Pepin to no purpose Page 187 Stilicho one of Honorius 's Captains Page 146 147 148 Strabo Page 94 Suetonius Page 106 L. Sulla his Exploits Page 88 Sulpitius Severus Page 140 Syloson a Tyrant of Samos Page 46 Symmachus Page 139 Symmachus Bishop of Rome when Created Page 160 Syphax King of Numidia Page 79 Syrian Kings most Potent in the times of the Kings of Israel Page 26 28 Syracuse built Page 30 T TAchos King of Egypt Page 63 Tacitus the Historian Page 105 Tacitus the Emperor Page 119 Tarichus the Arabian Invades Spain Page 182 Tarquinius Priscus 's Reign Page 36 Tarquinius Superbus King of the Romans 44. is Banish'd Rome Page 46 Tatius Reigns with Romulus Page 32 Temple of Jerusalem built 25. Dedicated Page 83 Tertullian Page 110 Teuta Queen of the Illyrians Page 76 Theban War twice begun Page 21 Themistius Page 138 Themistocles Conquers Xerxes 49. Is Banished Flies to Artaxerxes Page 52 Theodoricus I. King of the Goths Page 155 Theodoricus II. King of the Goths 159. a Disciple of Arius Page 163 Theodosian Code Page 152 Theodosius the Elder Emperor 140. His Repentance 145. His Death Page 156 Theodosius the Younger Emperor 148. His Death Page 154 Theodosius a Syrian made Emperor Page 183 Theodotion Ponticus Page 109 Theognis the Poet Page 41 Theophilus of Alexandria Page 147 Theophilus of Antioch Page 108 Theophrastus the Peripatetick Page 70 Theron of Agrigentum the Tyrant Page 50 Theseus when he lived Page 21 Thrasibulus Tyrant of Syracuse Expell'd Page 51 Thucydides the Historian Page 56 Thyestes when he lived Page 21 Tiberius obtains the Empire Page 97 Tiberius Anicius the Emperor Page 168 Tibullus Page 94 Timaeus 's jocular Expression concerning the Birth of Alexander Page 64 Timoleon 's Acts at Corinth Page 65 Timotheus Aelurus Page 155 Titus Vespasian the Emperor Page 104 Tolmides the Athenian Page 55 Trajan the Emperor Page 105 Trebonianus the Emperor Page 116 Three Factions Page 166 Tribonianus the Lawyer Page 164 Tribunes of the Roman People instituted Page 48 Thirty Tyrants of the Roman Empire Page 117 Triumvir's Proscriptions Page 62 Troy when its Kingdom began Page 18 Trojan War the occasion thereof Page 22 Tullus Hostilius 's Reign Page 34 Turks call'd in by Heraclius to his Assistance Page 175 Type an Edict of Constans the Emperor Page 177 Tyrus Old When it was Built 20. Destroyed and Re-built Page 38 Twelve Tables containing the Roman Laws Page 53 V VAlens the Emperor 138. His Death Page 140 Valentinian the Elder Emperor Page 138 Valentinian the Younger slain 145. His Laws Page 144 145 Valentinian the Son of Placidia Augusta 150. His Death Page 154 Valerian the Emperor Page 116 117 Valerian Caesar Page 117 M. Valerius Poplicola Page 46 Vallias King of the Goths Page 149 Vandals they possess themselves of Africa Page 153 M. Varro Page 89 Veij is Besieged Page 59 Venetians their Original Page 154 Vespasian the Emperor Page 104 Vetranio the Tyrant Page 135 Vincentius Lirinensis Page 152 Virgil Page 94 Viriathus Lusitanus Page 84 Vitalianus the Count Page 161 Vitellius the Emperor Page 103 Vitruvius Page 94 Ulpian the Lawyer Page 112 Volusianus the Emperor Page 116 W WAlidus King of Arabia sends an Army into Spain Ransacks Natolia Page 182. 186 Western Empire put to an end Page 157 Willibrordus Bishop of Utrecht Page 185 X XEnophanes the Philosopher Page 44 Xenophon the Socratick Page 60 Xerxes I. King of Persia 49. Conquer'd by the Greeks ibid. Is slain by Artabanus Page 52 Xerxes II. King of Persia Page 57 Y YEar amended by Julius Caesar Page 91 Years in ancient Times were not Monthly Page 5 Z ZEno the Emperor Page 157 Zeno the Philosopher Page 55 Zenobia Queen of Palmyra Page 118 Zorobabel Leader of the Jews brought back out of Captivity Page 43 Zosimus a Roman Bishop Page 150 THE END BOOKS Printed for M. Gillyflower J. Tonson W. Freeman J. Walthoe and R. Parker A New Voyage to Italy with Curious Observations on several other Countries as Germany Switzerland Savoy Geneva Flanders and Holland Together with useful Instructions for those who shall Travel thither Done out of French The Second Edition Enlarg'd above one Third and enrich'd with several new Figures By Maximilian Misson Gent. In Two Volumes A Compleat Body of Chyrurgical Operations containing the whole Practice of Surgery with Observations and Remarks on each Cases amongst which are inserted the several ways of Delivering Women in Natural and Unnatural Labours The whole illustrated with Copper Plates explaining the several Bandages Sutures and divers useful Instruments By M. de la Vauguion M. D. and Intendant of the Royal Hospitals about Paris Faithfully done into English The Roman History from the Building of the City to the perfect Settlement of the Empire by Augustus Caesar containing the space of 727 Years and from the Settlement of the Empire by Augustus Caesar to the Removal of the Imperial Seat by Constantine the Great containing the space of 355 Years Designed as well for the understanding of Roman Authors as the Roman Affairs Carefully Revised and Corrected In Two Volumes Octavo By Lawrence Echard A. M. late of Christ's College in Cambridge Prebendary of Lincoln and Chaplain to the Right Reverend James Lord Bishop of that Diocess
by wild Beasts than Men. A little after began the Egyptian Dynasties which were in number four the Theban Thinitican Memphitican and Tanitican Dynasties whose respective Metropolitan Cities were Thebes This and Memphis in the Higher Egypt and Tanis seated in that part of the Country called the Lower Egypt but the first that seems to have possest all Egypt was Menes the first King in each Dynasty He seems to have been the same with Cham Noah's Son Sir John Marsham has a Catalogue of his Successors Sec. 1. and onwards who is to be consulted with concerning the Antiquities of Egypt About these times Fohi seems to have flourished as first Emperor of China though their Calculation exceeds that of the Hebrews which we follow and doth better accord with the Greek of the Septuagint but wherein the error lies who can tell See Is Vossius de Aetate Mundi The Kingdom of Scicyone in the Peloponnesus is thought to have had its beginning not long after whereof Aegialeus was the first King who is placed by Chronologers about these times See Petavius Arts seemed to have flourished about the end of this Period and Architecture was now first known because certain Pyramids of a Stupendious bigness and height are thought to have been built at this time in Egypt but seeing the beginning of all Ancient History commences here we have commonly no more than the Names of Kings and Patriarchs and Fables beyond At this very time Idolatry seems to have sprung up in the World seeing before now all Mankind worshipped one only God And this was the Original thereof Men knew that there were certain separate Essences which were called Angels besides the Supream God whom the Almighty sent as his Legates or Embassadors and if I may say so as it were lesser Gods unto Men. These Mankind at first worshipped as Gods Embassadors as we see the Hebrews themselves held them in great Reverence But when they once fell into that Notion that the Supream God committed Empires Cities and Families to the care of these lesser ones they grew by degrees almost forgetful of the Supream Deity and shewed that Reverence to those lesser Gods that was due to him alone Then they fell into an opinion that the Souls of Excellent Men after their decease were admitted into the Order of those lesser Deities and hence it came to pass that Deceased Kings were worshipped as if they had been taken into the number of the Gods All which however did not hinder but that that Ancient and True Opinion still Survived amongst most Nations that there was a Supream God and that it was upon him alone that the rest of the Inferior Deities had their dependance Moreover because Angels sometimes delivered Oracles in Statues as John Spencer concerning Urim and Thummin prettily conjectures the Heathens erected Statues to their Gods And it should seem afterwards to have come to pass that when both the Worship and Manners of the Gentiles displeased the Angels of Light because they saw many put them up in the place of the Creator they forsook them and the Angels of Darkness succeeded in their places whence the Scripture says the Heathens worshipped Devils not that the Heathens did believe they adored Evil Spirits which we call Devils but because their Temples and Statues were only inhabited by Devils But the discussion of these things require a larger Volume The Calling of Abraham The Third EPOCH From Abraham's Calling to the Law given by Moses are 431 years which makes up The Third PERIOD The year of the World The year before Christ 2022. 1962. IDolatry being now grown prevalent in the World God was pleased to make choice of some Family from among the rest of Mankind wherein the Knowledge and Worship of one only Supream God might be kept up and therefore he called Abraham one of the Posterity of Sem out of Ur of the Chaldees and commanded him to go into the Land of Canaan where he made himself oftner and more clearly known unto him by the Ministry of Angels and especially gave him that Signal promise that it should some time come to pass that one of his Posterity should bring the Blessings of Heaven unto all Nations A little after the coming of Abraham into the Land of Canaan as there were several petty Kings both on this and the other side of the Euphrates there hapned to be a War between them as you have it in Gen. 14. where mention is made of Amraphael King of Sinaar or Babylon not as King of all Asia as is commonly thought the Kings of Babylon then were but as the Companion of Kedorlaomer King of Elam who was much more Potent as having certain Kings in the Land of Palaestine that were his Subjects And here is an Invincible Argument for the overthrow of that opinion concerning the Kingdom of Babylon that it extended over all Asia before Abraham's time under Ninus and Semiramis and Ninyas Semiramis Son seeing Amraphael was King of Babylon at this time and not Arius as they would have it who follow Ctesia or Ninyas the Son of Ninus as Vopiscus after Africanus is of opinion neither was the King of Babylon equal in power to the King of Elam There were several Kings in these times in the Land of Palaestine among whom Abimelec and Melchisedec are mentioned and who yet retained the knowledge of the True God The Scriptures also contain the History and Birth of Ismael Isaac Esau and Jacob which may be consulted for that end 2046. 1938. Abraham was 99 years Old when God gave him his Commandment about Circumcision and the same year were Sodom Gomorra Adma and Tseboim overthrown with Lightning setting fire to the Sulphurous Earth which thereupon sunk whereunto the River Jordan and other Rivulets flowing and mixing their Waters with the Sulphurous matter formed the Lake Asphaltites concerning which I have made a particular Dissertation elsewhere This Conflagration which Lot with his Wife and Daughters was flying from reach'd his Wife who out of Curiosity stopped or turned her face back and made her give up the Ghost with the fright of such a dreadful Spectacle for so are those words in Scripture to be understood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and she was a Statue for ever that is she grew stiff and remained like a Statue in the same place which we have also shewed in another Dissertation 2122. 1857. In Isaac's Days Inachus founded the Kingdom of the Argives in the Peloponnesus and had Successors of which see Petavius Tanaquillus Faber a very Learned Man after he had observed in his Notes upon the Bibliotheca of Apollodorus That there was nothing in Greece older than the time of Inachus says that Inachus was of Eternal Original which the Name of it self sufficiently discovered for that Inachus was no other than Anach or Enach from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Greek which word as is manifest from the Writings of the Poets signified a God or Gods So far he We
the Sons of the Strong or of the Gods Bene Elim There were other Hercules's older than this of whom as also of their whole History we have Treated in a particular Dissertation already The expedition of the Argonauts is to be referred to that Age which seems to be mingled with Fables that arose from want of a right understanding of the words of the Phoenicians that related to them For example a Ship is called Argo and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Archo in the Phoenician Tongue signifies a Long Ship It 's said that Ship spoke because the Phoenician word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Doberah signifies one speaking or the Helm See Sam. Bochart in his Canaan and my Dissertation de Statua Salina Atreus and Thyestes lived a little after in the Peloponnesus who were Notorious for their mutual enmities and wickedness Theseus brought twelve Towns built by Gecrops in the Land of Athens in the time of Gideon into one City Seven Captains wage War against Polynice King of Thebes to wit Adrastus Eteocles Amphiaraeus Tydeus Hippomedon Capaneus and Parthenopeus Most of these having perished in that War their Children called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Posterity by way of Peculiarity were revenged upon the Thebans ten years after whom they overthrew in a great Battel under the Conduct of Alcmeon Amphiaraus his Son 2655. 1329. 2768. 1216. Janus Reigned in Italy an Hundred and fifty years before the Arrival of Aeneas and Latinus about 35 years The Destruction of Troy The Fifth EPOCH There are 192 years from the Destruction of Troy to the Building of the first Temple of Jerusalem which makes up The Fifth PERIOD The Year of the World The Year before Christ 2800. 1184. A War arose between the Trojans and Graecians about Paris the Son of Priamus King of Troy his stealing away Helen the Wife of Menelaus King of Sparta which after Ten years continuance ended in the Destruction of Troy We shall hereafter mingle this Epoch taken out of prophane History with those Epochs taken from the Scripture because there is nothing generally so Celebrated in the History of the Heathens as this is Jair the Gileadite was Judge in Israel at this time Ibsan Elon Abdon Sampson Eli and Samuel Succeeded him in this Period in order whose years may be taken out of Petavius his Tables and teir History from the Scripture 2832. 1182. Aeneas that same year when Troy was taken in the Autumn Sailed into Thrace where he wintered and two years after while he tarryed in Sicily whither he went from Thrace having weathered the Tyrrhene Sea he arrived in the Summer at Laurentum and soon after having Marryed Lavinia King Latinus's Daughter he Built the City Lavinium on that Coast 2803. 1181. The Rutilians under the Conduct of Turnus wage War against Latinus and Aeneas wherein Latinus and Turnus were killed Aeneas Reigned three years in Italy Petavius will supply you with the order of his Successors 2817. 1167. A few years after the Kingdom of Sicyon which according to the computation of some had lasted about a Thousand years entirely ended To wit the year before Jeptha took upon him to be Judge in Israel 2832. 1152. Ascanius the Son of Aeneas Built Alba Longa Thirty years after the Building of Lavinium 2881. 1103. The Heraclidae under the Conduct of Temenus Cresphon and Aristodemus fixed their Habitations in Peloponnesus in the time of Sampson's Judging Israel Next year began the Kingdom of Corinth as also of the Lacedaemonians which was continued by the two Families of Erysthenides and Proclides descendants from Hercules Here the Epoch is fixt of the Return of the Heraclidae which is much celebrated among the Greek Writers They were said to have returned at that time into Peloponnesus because they had endeavoured though in vain an Hundred years before to invade that Country 2189. 1095. That return of theirs hapned to be when Eli was Judge in Israel who being Succeeded by Samuel the Children of Israel in his time despising the Authority of the Judges would have a King set over them and so Saul of the Tribe of Benjamin was Elected In his time Codrus the last King of Athens Sacrificed his Life for the safety of his People whose Sons Medon and Nileus contending for the Kingdom the Athenians took the opportunity to abolish the Royal power and made choice of Archons whose Office was to be perpetual but they were to give an account to the People of the Administration and Medon Codrus's Son was the first that bore that Office 2913. 1071. In these times the Greeks that were the Posterity of the * Heb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which may be read Ion or Javan Javans or Ionians sent Colonies into Asia from whence they came wherefore the Javanian Athenians and their Posterity the †Heb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bene Eol the Sons of a Storm or such as in a Storm came from Asia into Greece Aeolians contended that Asia Minor was first planted with their Colonies whereas they ought to have acknowledged that they themselves were descended from thence but that afterwards they stocked the Country with new Colonies that was till then but ill Peopled They were the People that Built Cuma and Smyrna 2929. 1055. David Reigned after Saul being descended of the Tribe of Judah and was at first a Shepherd afterwards both King and Prophet 2969. 1015. Solomon succeeded David as famous in the Art of Peace as his Father excelled for his Knowledge in Military Affairs and he built a Temple unto God The Building of the Temple of Jerusalem The Sixth EPOCH From the Building of the Temple of Jerusalem to the first Olympiad are computed 216 years which makes The Sixth PERIOD 2992. 992. SOlomon built a Temple unto God which his Father David who was desirous to set upon that work was forbid to do and finished the same in the 23d year of his Reign Herein was the Ark of the Covenant laid up which before was wont to be kept in Moses his Tabernacle The Scripture informs us that this King was adorned with all accomplishments both of Body and Mind but that towards the end of his Life he had not been able to withstand the Temptations of Women so that he fell unto base Idolatry for the love of his Wives and Concubines whereof he had very many In his time the Kings of Tyre were very potent and Hiram then Reigning made a League with Solomon See Marsham ad Saec. 14. Hadarezer or his Son Reigned in Syria as appears from 2 Sam. 10. and from that time forward the Kings of Syria seem to have been very powerful to the time of Nabopolassar who brought Syria as well as Judaea under the Subjection of the Assyrian Empire See 1 Kings 20.2 and 2 Kings 8 9 12. Petavius thinks Homer lived at this time which was not two Hundred years after the Destruction of Troy See his Book De Doct. Temp. 9. c. 30. Some make him an Hundred years later at
these two were these Periander the Corinthian Pittacus a Mitylenian Bias of Priene Chilon the Lacedaemonian and Cleobulus the Lindian Of these see the Book writ by Ausonius intituled Ludus Septem Sapientum A few years after Phraortes the Son of Dejoces King of the Medes having laid Siege to Ninive perished with the greatest part of his Army but Cyaxares his Son who Succeeded him in the time of King Josiah going about to Revenge his Fathers Death renewed the Siege of the said City the Father or Grandfather of Nebuchodonozor being then King of Babylon While Cyaxares was ingaged in that Siege the Scythians under the Conduct of Madye making an Eruption out of Scythia over-powered him and so roving through all that part of Asia which is more to the South held it under their power for eight and twenty years 3359. 625. XXXVIII vi 129. This year according as Dionys Petavius conjectures Nabopolassar Nebuchodonozor's Father began his Reign in Babylon and as Berosus says who writ his Annals of the Chaldaeans in Alexander's time he appointed a Lieutenant under him over Egypt Phoenicia and Syria whom afterward Rebelling against him he reduced by his Son Nebuchodonozor unto obedience 3361. 623. XXXIX iv 131. Draco corrects the Laws of Athens and made such severe ones that they were said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be writ not with Ink but with Blood 3370. 614. XLI iii. 140. This year Tarquinius Priscus the fifth King of Rome began his Reign and continued it for 28 years He was Son to Demaratus the Corinthian who before being named Lucius at Lucumum was upon his living at Tarquinij called Tarquinius 3374. 610. XLII iii. 144. After Josiah was overthrown and killed by Necho King of Egypt he was Succeeded by Jehoahaz his Son who Reigned only three Months for being carryed into Egypt Nechoh put Jehoiakim into his room who Reigned eleven years 3376. 608. XLIII i. 146. Nabopolassar sent his Son Nebuchodonozor this year into Syria that he might bring the Kings Lieutenant that had Rebelled against him to his duty which when he had effected he over-ran Judaea took Jerusalem imposed a Tribute upon King Jehoiakim and carryed away some of the People into captivity among whom was Daniel the Prophet Having returned from thence to Babylon he Succeeded his Father in the Kingdom and from hence they compute the beginning of the seventy years which Jeremiah speaks of c. 30. The Scythian Nomades a few years after when they had held Asia for 28 years being feasted by Cyaxares being made drunk with Wine and fallen fast a sleep were utterly cut off by him 3385. 599. XLV ii 155. This year Nebuchodonozor dispossest Jehoiakim who Rebelled against him of his Kingdom and put his Son Jehoiachin in his stead who did not Reign above three Months and some days for he Rebelling also he was besieged in Jerusalem by an Army from Babylon to whom he Surrendred himself and was carryed thither This was the second Captivity wherein Ezekiel Mordecai and Josedek the High-Priest were carryed away Then Nebuchadnezer made Mattaniah his Uncle King in stead of Jehoiakin and called him Zedekiah who was the last King of Judah and Reigned eleven years In these times flourished Epimenides and Anaximander the Philosophers Aleman and Alcaeus the Poets and Sapho the Poetess and from this Age forwards Greece abounded with such Wits 3390. 594. XLVI iii. 160. Solon not long after being Pretor in Athens corrected Draco's Laws which were too severe as Platarch Relates in Solon's Life The same year Astyages the last King of the Medes Succeeded his Father Cyaxares Nebuchadnezer being then King of Babylon who three years after took Jerusalem and put out Zedechiah's Eyes after he had Slain his Children before his face and saving a few poor People led all the Jews into Captivity He also not long after according to Ezechiel's Prophecy c. 26. and so on took Tyre after a long Siege and levelled it with the ground which must be understood of Palaetyrus that stood upon the Continent not of the new City that was built in the Island and which was now first built For when the Tyrians saw that they were no longer a match to the Chaldaeans they carryed every thing that was valuable with their Wives and Children into the Neighbouring Island leaving the old City to the Chaldaean Army and built a new one in that Island See Sir John Marsham ad Saec. 18. After Nebuchadnezer had subdued the remainder of Judaea and Palaestine he Conquered the Ammonites and Moabites and the Egyptians soon after also 3397. 587. XLVIII ii 167. Now the Amphyctions that is Senators chosen out of all Greece who sat at Delphos about the management of the publick concerns of that Country appointed the Pythian Games to be celebrated every fourth year as well as the Olympick ones in honour of Apollo 3407. 577. L. iv 177. Servius Tullius the sixth King of Rome Reigned 41 years who was of so obscure an extract that his Parents were not known whence Seneca in his CVIII Epistle says This shews that there were two Kings of Rome one of which hath no Father and the other no Mother For who Servius's Mother was is doubtful and as for Ancus he had no Father he being called Numa's Grandson which words are worth noting because they are a clear illustration of those words of the Author to the Hebrews where Melchisedec is said to be without Father and without Mother Next year Nebuchadnezer having made Amasis Governor of Egypt he slew King Apries whom Jeremy calls Vaphree and after he had for some years Ruled Egypt in the name of the King of Babylon he shook off his yoke At the same time the Nemaean Games were first celebrated by the Argives and then it was that Aesop the Phrygian and Author of the Fables flourished among the Greeks 3420. 564. LVI i. 190. Evil-merodac Succeeded Nebuchadnezer his Father and Reigned three years Neriglissor Son in Law to Nebuchadnezer having Slain him substituted his own Son in his room and as his Guardian managed the Government for five years whom therefore Daniel the Prophet attributes to Baltassar for so was his Son called About these times Pisistratus first played the Tyrant at Athens who being afterwards twice ejected recovered his power as often within the space of sixteen years Then also Astyages the last King of the Medes according to Justin and others was divested of his Rule by his Grandson Cyrus but according to others whose opinion as being grounded upon Xenophon's Authority we the more readily favour He dyed when Neriglissor King of Babylon made War upon him and left Cyaxares II. to Succeed him who made Cyrus the Son of his Sister Mandanes the Daughter of Astyages and of Cambyses King of Persia who pay'd Tribute to the Medes absolute Commander of his forces though we cannot deny but Marsham reconciles these two opinions in this manner when besides the Kingdom of the Medes whose capital City was Ecbatana he makes
In the Second year of his Reign the Jews begged leave to finish the begun work and at length after sixteen years began to build again notwithstanding all the efforts of the Samaritans to obstruct them who were always very obnoxious to the Jews The Temple was entirely finished within the compass of six years and a little after the Passover was kept at Jerusalem Esd 6. A few years before to wit in the fourth of Cambyses his Reign before the Birth of our Saviour 527 upon the Death of Pisistratus Tyrant of Athens Hippias Succeeded who was his Eldest Son and held the Government for eighteen years Hipparchus a very Learned Man was his Brother who is said to have compiled the Rhapsodies of Homer into one Volume which were before in several scattered pieces This Man seeing he maintained the Tyranny of his Brother was Slain by Harmodius and Aristogiton who though they were themselves killed in the midst of the Guards yet this did so incense the Athenians that they Divested Hippias of the Government who strove now to maintain it in vain and so put an end to Pisistratus his Tyranny 3472. 512. LXVIII ii 242. Not long after the Province of Babylon Revolted from King Darius which however after a long Siege of the City of Babylon he recovered by the cunning of Zopyrus While these things were doing in Greece and Asia Tarquinius Superbus the last King of Rome was expelled from thence because that his Son Sextus Tarquinius Ravished Lucretia and immediately thereupon the Kingly Authority was Abrogated and two Consuls created in the place of the Kings The first that executed that Office were L. Junius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus which last was by P. Valerius who succeeded him forced to lay down because of his invidious Name as not long after M. Horatius succeeded Brutus who was Slain in Battle a Catalogue of the Consuls that succeeded you have in Petavius About these times Pythagoras of Samos flying both from Samos and the Rulers of it for fear of the Tyranny exercised there went an exile into Italy Syloson Polycrates's Brother was then Tyrant of Samos Hence 't is manifest that Ovid who makes Pythagoras to be Numa Pompilius his Tutor is guilty of a gross Anachronism Next year after the Creation of Confuls at Rome M. Valerius Poplicola in his second Consulship Triumphed for his Conquering Tarquinius and the Etrurians whom he excited to make War upon the Romans But his Victories rendring him afterwards suspected by the People he made a Law whereby a Citizen that was called into question for his life might Appeal from the Consuls and the Senate to the People In the mean time the Family of the Tarquins making it their constant business to seek for aid among the Neighbouring Nations against the Romans stirred up Porsenna King of Etruria to make War upon them in which War the Romans did great exploits and amongst others M. Horatius Cocles Mutius Scaevola and Cloelia Virgo very much signalized themselves by whose Valour more especially Porsenna was brought to raise the Siege of Rome which he had invested and to grant a Peace to the Romans A little after the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus was Consecrated by M. Horatius At that time Darius being to make War upon the Scythians made a Bridge over the Thracian Bosphorus and then over the Danube from whence passing over into Scythia after he had lost a great part of his Army he returned into Asia leaving Megabazus to subdue Europe with Eight hundred thousand Men as being perswaded thereto by Hippias the Tyrant of Athens who by the assistance of the Persian Forces thought to reassume his lost power Megabazus Conquered Thrace and Macedon for the King of Persia as also the Ionians but having been overthrown by the Athemians upon several occasions Darius was so incensed at it that he resolved to make War upon Greece In these times flourished Heraclitus the Ephesian and Democritus of Abderis both famous Philosophers The Romans won many Victories over the Sabines and Vejentians they brought also the Latines who made a bustle and stir against them after various overthrows wherein the Romans still worsted them to renew their Alliance with them to whom they added the Volsci and Aequi who also gave them trouble 3491. 493. LXXI iv 261. But the Romans themselves could scarce be at Peace at home for the Commonalty finding they were opprest with the extortions of the Nobility passed over the Anien to the Hill called Mons Sacer as if they designed to erect another Republick without any Nobility but they were brought back to Rome by the Speech and Dexterous Management of Menenius Agrippa There it was that three Tribunes of the People were first created by a Law which they called the Holy Law to whose number two more were afterwards added who were to defend the Privileges of the Commonalty against the Nobles The Power of these Magistrates was esteemed most Sacred and no Law could be enacted without one of them were present While these wranglings were at Rome Darius made open War upon Greece and Mardonius his Son in Law was the first that expelled their respective Tyrants out of the Cities of Ionia and reduced Thrace and Macedon again which had shaken off the Persian yoke under its obedience 3492. 490. LXXII iii. 264. At length when he had entred Greece he engaged at Marathon a City of Attica with the Athenians and Plataeensians who under the Conduct of Miltiades whose number did not exceed ten thousand Men overthrew three hundred thousand of these Barbarians Darius soon after as he was preparing for a new expedition dyed At this time flourished Aeschylus the Athenian a Tragick Poet and Sophocles his Country-man was now born who excelled him in the same sort of Poetry Now the Athenians by the advice of Themistocles built the Pyraeum and Gelo became Tyrant of Syracuse C. Marcius Coriolanus being Banished from Rome excited the Volsci to make War upon this Country and being made their General he besieged Rome whose Siege when he could have taken it he raised at his Mothers tears and intreaties 3498. 486. LXXIII iii. 268. Sp. Cassius in his third Consulship was the first Author of the Agrarian Law which was made about dividing the Land of the Hernici whom the Romans and Latines had Conquered but next year the same Cassius as affecting Tyranny was thrown down headlong over the Rock Tarpeia and so perish'd 3500. 484. LXXIV i. 270. While the Romans waged War with the Vosci Vejentians and Aequi their Neighbour Nations Xerxes fourth King of Persia succeeded Darius and Reigned twenty years in the fourth of his Reign he made War upon Greece whither he Transported his Land Forces consisting of eight hundred thousand Men over a Bridge made cross the Hellespont His Navy consisted of above twelve hundred Ships But he was first beaten by the Athenians more especially under the Conduct of Themistocles in a Naval fight at Salamis and three hundred Spartans
to pass that the Pentateuch which was written in the Ancient Letters is so handed down to us There are Relicks of them to this day in Mount Gerizim In this Age Herodotus whom the Greeks call the Father of History published his Books when there was already an History of the Hebrews for fifteen Ages beginning only with Abraham without going higher He seems to have said nothing of the Hebrews because that the Land of Judaea at that time was through the long absence of its Inhabitants in a mean State and the Jewish affairs were inconsiderable besides that it was the business of the Greeks to know only those Nations with whom they had some commerce or other Artaxerxes King of Persia being overthrown several times by the Greeks but more particularly by the Athenians under the Conduct of Cimon was forced to make a Dishonourable Peace with them upon these conditions amongst others that he should be oblig'd to leave the Maritime Cities of Asia free that he should not come nearer to the Sea than the space of ground that a Horse could run over without stopping and that he should not be carryed in a Ship between the Cyamean and Chelidonean Islands While the Athenians were overcoming the common Enemy they procured to themselves the envy of their Neighbours and especially of the Lacedaemonians from whence breaking out into an open War the Lacedaemonians were often worsted in Battle by Pericles and Tolmides the Athenian Generals At last both sides agreed to a Truce of thirty years which neither kept In these times flourished Democritus Melissus Empedocles Parmenides Zeno Eleates and Socrates who is to be preferred before all the rest of the Philosophers As also the orators Gorgias Prodicus Lysias together with the Poets Sophocles Aristophanes and Euripides 3540. 444. LXXXIV i. 310. This year were the Tribunes of the People upon a Tumult of the People first created with Consular Power but finding that would not do about three Months after they put Consuls in their room Next year the Quinquennial Censors were first Created who had full power over the manners of the Citizens so as to punish and regulate them as they pleased not long after Sp. Melius in the time of a great Famine at Rome by distributing of Corn to the People thought to make himself King but L. Quinctius being made Dictator he was Slain in pursuance to his commands by C. Servilius Ahala The Romans in the succeeding years gained several Victories over the Vejentians and Etrurians especially under the leading of Mamercus Aemilius In the mean while there were divers Commotions raised in Greece the Athenians under the Command of Pericles reduced once and again the Revolting Samians under their Obedience And seeing according to Thucydides it was not long after that the first War between the Corcyraeans and Corinthians brake forth the Athenians by the perswasion of the Embassadors of Corcyra made an Allyance with them by whose Aid they became Conquerors And now the Lacedaemonians out of envy to the Athenians having called a Dyet concluded that the Truce made fourteen years since was violated by the Athenians 3553. 431. LXXXVII ii 323. Hence sprung the Peloponnesian War while the Romans being involved in a War with the Aqui and Volscians under the Conduct of A. Posthumius the Dictator triumphed over them This Posthumius put his Son to Death because he had fought contrary to his Commands These were the principal causes of the Peloponnesian War because the Lacedaemonians envyed the power of the Athenians and for that Pericles after he had spent Seven thousand Talents during the time of his Magistracy refused to give an account thereof which he hoped to get clear of when the People were involved in War neither was he mistaken therein for two years after he dyed In this War which lasted for seven and twenty years Theramenes Thrasybulus Demosthenes and Alcibiades on the Athenian side performed many brave Exploits and those that were Famous among the Lacedaemonians were Brasides Myndarus and Lysander Admiral of their Fleet who took Athens rased the Walls of the City and committed the Government of it to thirty Tyrants Thucydides has written an accurate History of this War and he lived in that Age. We shall pass by the circumstances thereof and briefly touch upon other things that fell out in the interim of time 3558. 326. LXXXVIII iii. 328. This year there were again created at Rome four Military Tribunes who fought against the Vejentians with bad Success But Mamercus Aemilius being made Dictator he overcame them together with the Fidenates and took and rased the City Fidena it self Next year upon the Death of Artaxerxes who Reigned forty years Xerxes Succeeded for two Months and Sogdianus for Seven 3560. 424. LXXXIX ii 331. Darius The Bastard Succeeded him and was the Ninth King of Persia who Reigned nineteen years There were two Consuls created at Rome next year according to Ancient custom who were Succeeded by nine Military Tribunes with the same power for the space of nine years 3568. 416. XCI 338. The Athenians undertake the Sicilian War in favour of the Citizens of Aegesta and the Leontini against those of Selinos and Syracuse Alcibiades Nicias and Lamachus being constituted Generals of their Forces Alcibiades was presently after recalled as being accused of an impious fact because he had taken care to throw down all the carv'd Statues of Mercury the night before his departure but Alcibiades fled to Lacedaemon whom he excited to send Succours to the Syracusians who sent Gylippus by whom at last the Athenians received great overthrows Alcibiades a little after got leave to return home from his Banishment and brought things so to bear that Tissaphernes who was angry with the Athenians was reconciled to them and that an Oligarchy was set up in Athens Wherefore there were four hundred appointed for the Administration of the Government butthey degenerating into Tyrants were removed and other Magistrates put into their room to whom the care of the Commonweath was committed 3574. 410. XCII iii. 344. While the War was carryed on in Sicily between the Cities of Aegesta Syracuse and others of that Island Hannibal the Grandson of Amilcar the Son of Giscon was sent thither by the Carthaginians to whom the Aegestans fled for Succour At length the People of Rome did the year following prevail to get three Quaestors of the People made The Romans afterwards overthrew the Volscians divers times and hitherto confined themselves within the bounds of Italy Hence forward also the Military Tribunes managed the Republick for fifteen years 3579. 405. XCIII iv 349. Many Memorable things hapned this year when the Siege of Veij began which lasted ten years And Dionysius raised such accusations against the Commanders of the Syracusians that he was at last in conjunction with others chosen General And when afterwards he commanded the Army alone he set himself up for a Tyrant and compelled the Carthaginians though often conquerors to make Peace
with him Darius the Bastard dies and was succeeded by Artaxerxes his Son who was called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mindful and who Reigned forty weeks being the tenth King of Persia The following year was the 28th of the Peloponnesian War wherein Athens after six Months Siege was taken by Lysander as we have said already The thirty Tyrants set upby him in Athens were after three years expelled by Thrasybulus who restored a Democratical Government there 3583. 401. XCIV iv 353. The same year that the thirty Tyrants were expelled out of Athens Cyrus to whom his Father Darius had given the lesser Asia made War upon his Brother Artaxerxes and perish'd therein There were ten thousand Auxiliary Greeks in the Army who though they had lost their General Clearchus a Lacedaemonian whom the Persians slew after Quarter given yet they returned into Greece in spight of the Persians through Nations that hated them even from the Euphrates by way of the Euxine Sea which they coasted under the Conduct first of Chaerisophus the Lacedaemonian and then of Xenophon the Philosopher and incomparable Historian a Native of Athens Xenophon himself writes this History in his Books entituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The next year was a mournful one by the Death of the incomparable Philosopher Socrates who was Seventy years old and by Anytus and Melitus accused of Irreligion or Prophaneness From him Philosophers were called Socraticks who after had the name of Academicks of whom Plato was chief but by no means to be compared with Socrates 3588. 396. XCVI i. 358. M. Furius Camillus being made Dictator takes Veij while what with Dionysius the Carthaginians and Cities of Sicily the War Raged every where in that Island Agesilaus King of Lacedaemon having entred into a Confederacy with Nephreus King of Egypt obtained divers Victories over the Persians but being shortly after recalled he fought against the Boeotians and their Allies with uncertain Success and the Lacedaemonians could not help being stripped of the Dominion of the Sea where Conon the Athenian Admiral of the Persian Fleet gave them several overthrows 3591. 393. XCVI iv 361. There were Consuls chosen this year at Rome as there were also the year following but from thence forward for five and twenty years there were Military Tribunes created or else they had no chief Magistrates at Rome In the third year after the Creation of Consuls when the Common-wealth was Governed by six Military Tribunes the Cisalpine Gauls laid Siege to Clusium whose Inhabitants had Recourse to the Romans for Succour of whom they begged three Commanders of the Fabian Family who seeing they could do no good with the Gauls under their Conduct they went towards them in a Suppliant manner in Battle Array The Gauls being moved with their unusual boldness march'd straight to the City overcame the Romans in a great Battle at Allia and took Rome except the Capitol But while they shewed themselves careless of their Affairs Camillus who had before been driven into Banishment having gathered some disorderly Troops together did for all that overthrow them whom he drove out of the Roman Territories But M. Manlius who for delivering the Capitol was called Capitolinus being suspected for his Liberality towards those who were in Debt to have a design that way to assume a Regal Authority was thrown down headlong over the Rock Tarpeia and so an end made of him 3606. 377. C. iv 377. When the Lacedaemonians endeavoured to oppress the Cities of Greece and possest themselves fraudulently of the Theban Tower called Cadmaea the Thebans shook off their yoke by the assistance of the Athenians whence arose the Boeotian War wherein after various Conflicts and Events of War the Lacedaemonians were reduced to great extremities by the Boeotian Generals and especially by Pelopidas and Epaminondas and lost the Dominion of Greece whence sprung continual Wars between the Graecian Citties Artaxerxes King of Persia being about to make War against Egypt exhorted them as well then as afterwards to a Peace to no purpose but that expedition into Egypt under the Conduct of Pharnabazus and Iphricrates thro' the overflowness of the former came to nothing 3618. 366. CIII iii. 388. This year dyed Artaxerxes Mnemon and was succeeded by Ochus the Eleventh King of Persia whom Lud. Capellus thinks in his Chron. Sacr. to be Ahassuerus the Husband of Esther It 's certain the two former Syllables of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Achasveros do not ill agree with the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This King according to Eusebius his account Reigned six and twenty years 3621. 363. CIV ii 391. In the time when a great Plague raged in Rome L. Manlius Imperiosus was made Dictator according to Ancient Custom in order to settle the Government This Man had a Son whose Name was Titus Manlius whom he had Banished into the Country and where while he remained he was informed that his Father was cited into Judgment by M. Pomponius Tribune of the People which made him return to the City and with his drawn Sword forced the Tribune to lay aside the Accusation whereby he gained much of the Peoples love This same year that followed next after the Plague when a certain Chasm opened it self in the forum M. Curtius threw himself alive into it after which the Romans gained several Victories over the Gauls In the mean time the power of the Thebans was wonderfully augmented in Greece by the valour of Epaminondas but he dying of the wounds he received in the Battle of Mantinea where he overcame the Lacedaemonian and Arcadian Armies that Republick fell with him In Asia the Nobles having formed a Conspiracy Revolted from the King of Persia but being betray'd by Orontes Governor of Mysia they were in a short time reduced to their Duty Thachos King of Egypt who paid Tribute to the Great King Revolted at the same time from him being Assisted therein by Agesilaus King of Lacedaemonia to whom he gave the Command of his Land Army while Chabria◠the Athenian was Admiral of the Fleet but Nectanebos Thachos's Son having forsaken his Father fled to Persia and returning with a Persian Army into Egypt he Besieged his Father together with Agesilaus in the City of Memphis but Agesilaus making a Sally overthrew the Persians and being soon after about to return into Greece he departed this life while he was in the Country of Cyrenaica 3625. 359. CV ii 395. This year dyed Perdiccas King of Macedon being slain by the Illyrians and was Succeeded by Philip the Son of Amyntas who in a short time won several Victories over the Athenians Paeonians and Illyrians The Jewish Affairs in these times were of no great consideration but the Country seems to have been peaceably cultivated under the Persian Government which however did not hinder but that a great number of the Jews who before and after the Captivity had fixed their Habitations in Egypt were Transplanted by King Ochus into Hyrcania 3627.
357. CV iv 397. While divers Wars were waged among the Greeks all which seem to have turned to the advantage of Philip King of Macedon only Dionysius Tyrant of Syracuse was divested of his Government by Dion during his absence from Syracuse Two Transport Ships laden with Mercenary Troops overturned a Government furnished with 400 Ships of War an Hundred thousand Foot and Ten thousand Horse In the mean time Philip Subdued the three Neighbouring Kings of Thrace Paeonia and Illyria and in the three hundred fifty sixth year before the Birth of Christ had born to him by his Wife Olympias his Son Alexander on the very same day wherein the fam'd Temple of Diana at Ephesus was burnt Of this Timaeus in his History spake prettily when he said that it was not to be wondered that Diana who was desirous to be at the Labour of Olympias should be absent from home as you have it cited in Cicero de natura Deor. lib. 2. c. 27. A little after began that called the Sacred War in Greece which the Thebans and Locrensians undertook against the People of Phocis because these last had possest themselves of some part of the Holy Ground and afterwards by the incouragement of Philomelus pillaged the Temple of Apollo at Delphos Philip after eight years time put an end to this War by destroying the Cities of Phocis 3633. 351. CVII ii 403. Artaxerxes Ochus sent an Army against the Phoenicians and Cyprians who revolted from him and subdued the Cyprians by the help of Idrieus Prince of Caria Phocion of Athens and Evagora who held Cyprus in his Name but Tennes King of Sydon having received from Nectanebos King of Egypt some mercenary Greeks to assist him defended himself for some time but afterwards having made a Peace with the King he was slain which brought the Sydonians to such a desponding condition that they burnt themselves and all their Substance together with their City all at once From hence forward the Riches of New Tyre seem to have encreased as being a Place that was very potent in Alexander's days whereas the Affairs of the Sydonians were but in a mean condition Nectanebos himself was driven out of Egypt by Ochus with the assistance more particularly of the Theban Army and forced to fly into Aethiopia Four Years after Dionysius recovered Syracuse ten years after he had lost it but the Syracusians some time after having got of the Corinthians Timoleon for a General who had kill'd his Brother Timophanes for seeking to compass the Supreme Power into his hands Dionysius was driven out again who went to Corinth where it was said he turn'd Schoolmaster to get him a livelyhood The same Timoleon overthrew the Carthaginians divers times In this tract of time the Romans under the Conduct of several Dictators and Consuls a Catalogue of whom you have in Petavius's Tables won several Victories over the Gauls Samnites and other neighbouring Nations but they underwent very great danger in that called the Social War where T. Manlius struck off his Son's Head because that being challenged to a single Combat he overcame his Enemy when there were strict Orders given that none should stir out of their Ranks The other Consul P. Decius Mus devoted himself to death for the Army the same being a Ceremony usual to the Romans in extreme Danger 3644. 340. CX i. 414. Artaxerxes Ochus was succeeded by Arses who was the twelfth King of Persia and reigned four years At this time flourished Isocrates Demosthenes and Aechines Athenian Orators and the Philosopher Anaxarchus Epicurus was born the year before Ochus his death Philip after many happy Successes overcame the Athenians and Boeotians at Charonea in which Battel his Son Alexander but then Eighteen years of age fought valiantly Then Philip was chosen by all Greece to be their Captain-General against the Persians but next year he was slain by Pausanias after he had reigned four and twenty years 3648. 336. CXI i. 418. Bagoas the Eunuch who slew Ochus and put Arses upon the Throne having laid him aside and substituted Darius Codomannus Arsamus's Son and Great Grand-son to Darius the Bastard in his room yet when he went about to take away Darius by Poison Darius forced him to drink the Cup he had made ready for that purpose In the mean time Alexander Philip's Son was chosen General of the Greeks against the Persians and when the Thebans revolted from him he hasted from Thrace where he was then waging War besieged Thebes took and levelled it with the ground no Houses being saved but a few among which were those of Pindar and Epaminondas From thence the following year he transported the Army into Asia and overturned the Persian Empire We shall pass over most of his Actions unmentioned as being such as may easily be seen in Quintus Gurrius 3652. 332. CXII i. 422. Alexander after he had taken Tyre went to Jerusalem with a design to be revenged on the Jews who refused to send him any Aid while he was engaged in the said Siege but he was pacified by Jaddua the High-priest who being dress'd in his Sacerdotal Ornaments went out to meet him with all the People clad in White and commanded Sacrifices to be offered for him and granted the Jews many Privileges In these times also Manasses the Brother of Jaddua raised a Disturbance who refusing to put off Sanballat's Daughter the Samaritan whom he had married contrary to the Law was forced to flee to Samaria Sanballat his Father-in-Law who was much in favour with Darius by whom he was made Governor of that Country obtained leave of the King for this Man to build a Temple in Mount Garizin like unto that at Jerusalem The same Sanballat when he saw how prosperously things went with Alexander revolted from Darius and sent the other some Auxiliary Troops when he was besieging Tyre whereby he won to himself the Favour of Alexander From thence Alexander went and in the Battel of Arbela gave Darius a total Overthrow who having norrowly escaped being killed among the rest was said to have been slain afterwards by Bessus Governor of Bactria The Persian Monarchy ended with this King after it had lasted for about two hundred years Whilst Alexander the Macedonian subdued the Upper Asia Alexander King of Epirus his Uncle waged War in Italy where at length he died It 's reported that he comparing the War his Sister's Son was engaged in with his own should say That Alexander had to do with Women but he with Men. In the mean time the Romans fought with the Gauls and Samnites with various success but at last after having been beaten in some Battels they came off Conquerors in the War 3660. 324. CXIV i. 430. Alexander having almost conquered all Asia by Arms returned to Babylon and died there after he had reigned twelve years and seven months on the 22d day of June He would appoint no Successor but his Empire being divided into several Dynasties was from henceforwards infested
with continual Wars At length from these Dissentions arose two most potent Kingdoms viz. that of Seleucus Nicanor in Syria and of Ptolemy the Son of Lagus in Egypt from whence sprung the Seleucian and Lagidan Race of Kings which are to be had in Petavius's Tables 3661. 323. CXIV ii 431. Eight thousand mercenary Greeks that some years before had been disbanded by Alexander having made choice of Leosthenes the Athenian for their General now Alexander was dead recover the Liberty of Greece overcome Antipater Governor of the Country and besiege him in Lamias a City of Thessaly whither he had fled In this Siege Leosthenes was kill'd with a Stone and Hiperides made his Funeral Oration Demosthenes at the same time rejoycing because of the Money he had received from Harpalus But being recalled next year the Macedonians vigorously renew the War against the Graecians and especially the Athenians and having overcome them they put a Garrison into Munichia and forced Demosthenes to flee from Athens again who on the 10th of November poison'd himself in the Isle of Calauria Aristotle is said to have died the same year aged sixty three A little after Demades the Orator entreating Antipater in the Name of the Athenians to withdraw his Garrison from Munichia was together with his Son slain 3663. 321. CXIV iv 433. While Alexander's Successors contend with one another with various success the Consuls of Rome T. Veturius Calvinus and S. Posthumius were overcome at Furcae Caudinae and sold for Captives but next year the Romans under the happy Conduct of L. Papirius served the Samnites the same sauce Three years after Agathocles Son to Carcinus made a Citizen of Rhegium to fill up the number being first taught the Potters Trade by his Father did afterwards turn Soldier and being in time chosen General made himself at last a Tyrant and from thenceforwards waged divers Wars in Sicily against the Athenians and Syracusians and in Africa against the Carthaginians About these times Demetrius Phalereus fled from Athens to Ptolemy King of Egypt who made him Keeper of his Library which was very great In which Age flourish'd also Demetrius Poliorcetes who should not be confounded with the other The first Demagogus was an Athenian but the other was Son to Antigonns who then possess'd himself of Greece and other Countries Then also lived Arcesilaus Prince of the Newer Academy who was descended from Pitanes a City of Aeolis Epicurus sprung from the Gargettian Tribe of Athens and Philemon and Menander both Comick Poets were Cotemporary with him In the mean time the Romans waged divers Wars with the Etrurians Samnites and Gauls All things were quiet with the Jews at the beginning of the Seleucian and Lagidan Monarchies Seleucus allowing them the freedom of all the Cities of Syria while Ptolemy conferred singular Privileges on them in Egypt At this time flourished the Philosophers Crates and Theophrastus Agathocles after he had reigned over the Kingdom of Syracuse and other neighbouring Cities of Italy and Sicily for eight and twenty years and escaped great Calamities was poison'd by Archagathus who with him slew his own Father Agathocles and the other's Son who was designed by him for his Successor While Alexander's Followers and their Children contended with one another with various fortune they sullied the Glory they had gotten before with innumerable Villainies The Commonalty of Rome being oppress'd with Debt withdrew into the Place called Janiculum but being pacified by Q. Hortensius the Dictator they returned again 3699. 285. CXXIII iv 470. Ptolemy called by the Alexandrians Philadelphus by way of Antiphrasis the Son of Ptolemy Lagus and Berenice in his Father's life-time began to reign and reigned Thirty eight Years In this or the foregoing year there was a Translation made of the Law of Moses into the Greek Tongue by the Septuagint who were brought together for that end by Philadelphus and perhaps by his Father Concerning which Translation there are many fabulous things vented and whereof Humphrey Hoddy hath written learnedly in his Differtation cont Hist Aristeae de LXX Int. As soon as Philadelphus came to the Kingdom and that his Father was dead Demetrius Phalereus began to decline in Favour and at last was banished in the second year of Philadelphus wherein Lagides died with the biting of an Asp He had offended Philadelphus because he had put Lagides in the head to leave some one of the Sons of Eurydices his other Wife 's his Successor and not Philadelphus the Son of Berenice and therefore it does not seem that this Person should correct the Translation of the Septuagint as some would have it which is far enough from the Attick Dialect We do not mention in this place the Wars and Dissentions of Alexander's Successors no nor their Names but we think it next to Impiety to pass over Pyrrhus King of Epirus 3703. 281. CXXIV iv 473. When the Tarentines had first pillaged the Romans Ships and evil intreated the Embassadors that had been sent to them to complain of the Wrong they made War upon them wherein they were at first overthrown in a great Battel by the Romans But next year Pyrrhus being invited by them into Italy overcame the Romans who were frightned chiefly at the unusual sight of his Elephants and when C. Fabricius was sent to him about the Redemption of Prisoners he dismiss'd them all without any Ransom Then he sent Cynea for his Embassador to Rome about concluding a Peace But Appius Caecus opposed it and so there was another Battel fought between them with doubtful success but was attended with that consequence that Pyrrhus was forced to leave Italy Then he transported his Army into Sicily where he first fought successfully against the Carthaginians but when in a short time his Affairs began to decline in that Island he returned on a sudden into Italy but he was overcome by the Romans despoiled of his Camp and forced to forsake Italy having left a Garrison in the Tower of Tarentum He spent six years in these Expeditions to little purpose After his return into Epirus he began to ravage Macedon and by little and little after he had won a Victory over Antigonus seized upon it all The second year after this Cleonymus the Lacedaemonian invited him into Laconia to assist him to dispossess his Brother Arius of the Kingdom He came and had almost possess'd himself of Sparta but being at length beaten from thence he laid Siege to Argos and being upon entring into the City it self he was kill'd by a Woman that let a Tile fall upon his Head While Pyrrhus was in Italy the Gauls under the Conduct of Brennus wasted Macedon and other Parts of Greece but when they went about to take Delphos they were said to have been driven from thence by an Earthquake Thunderbolts and portentous Signs Brennus soon after dying of his Wounds they invaded Thrace under the Command of Comontorius and exacted Tribute of the Byzantians 3715. 269. CXXVII iv 485.
Hiero of Syracuse being seven years before chosen General by the Soldiers was this year saluted King of Syracuse The Romans in the mean time wage various Wars with the Tarentines Samnites Bruttians Vmbrians Picentians and Salentines wherein they always came off Conquerors The Carthaginians fearing so much fortune gave the Tarentimes some assistance and so they broke the League which they had hitherto observed with the Romans Seeing therefore that in the fourth year after Hiero took upon him the Dominion of Syracuse the Mamertines who had possessed themselves of Messena were molested by him and the Carthaginians and for that reason sought assistance from the Romans the first Punick War began 3720. 264. CXXIX i. 490. Appius Claudius Caudex the Consul transported an Army into Sicily and so worsted Hiero that he was necessitated to leave the Mamertines and to retreat to Syracuse Because we have made mention of this War we will briefly recount the chief Events thereof without the interfering of other things Wherefore next year Man Valerius Maximus and Man Ottacilius being Consuls they sailed into Sicily as the Consuls of the succeeding years did who won divers Victories over the Carthaginians and Sicilians The Romans who knew nothing hitherto of Maritine Affairs did in the fourth year of the War set out a Fleet and the year following under the auspicious Conduct of C. Dulius the Consul overcame the Carthaginians in a Sea-Fight though they were very skilful in Maritime Affairs as they did often also in the succeeding years tho' they underwent divers Shipwracks In the ninth year of the War after the Carthaginians had to no purpose opposed their Fleet of Three hundred and fifty Ships against that of the Romans consisting of Three hundred and thirty which was Commanded by M. Attilius Regulus they could not hinder the Roman Army to make now their first Descent into Africa Regulus in the beginning performed many things very successfully but next year he was overcome and taken by Xantippus the Lacedaemonian This Man's Fortitude is very admirable who when he was taken and sent to Rome by the Carthaginians to treat about the Redemption of Prisoners but supposing at the same time that the thing was a Dishonour to the Commonwealth he disswaded the Senate from it and returned into Africa where if we believe Appian he was cruelly put to death by the Carthaginians in a Cave full of Iron Spikes But Jac. Palmerius upon Appian shews that this sort of Death is fabulous After this the Romans being worsted in divers Naval Fights and lessened by Shipwracks were for some years compelled to yield the Dominion of the Seas to the Carthaginians but in the three and twentieth year of the War having repaired their Fleet they beat the Carthaginians near Agates an Island on the African Coast under the Conduct of Q. Lutatius the Consul and next year which was the twenty fourth they granted Peace to the Carthaeginians upon hard Conditions In the beginning of this War Eumenes after Phileterus held the Principality of Pergamus in Asia and Nicomedes King of Bithynia gave the Name of Nicomedia to the enlarged City of Astacus The Republick of Achaia began to flourish about the middle of this War About thirty years before divers Cities of Achaia entring into a Confederacy gave beginning thereunto and entrusted the same to be administred by two Praetors that were chosen soon after But afterwards the Supreme Power was devolved upon one and the first that exercised that Charge alone was M. Carynensis who after four years time was succeeded by Aratus of Sicyone who though but twenty years of age brought his Country to enter into a Confederation with the other Cities of Achaia Between the first and second Punick War Learning began to be cultivated at Rome Livius Andronicus was the first that wrote Fables who for his Contemporaries had Ennius Pacuvius Naevius and other Poets given to promote the Art in their Mother-Tongue 3749. 235. CXXXVI ii 519. The Romans quickly appeased the Tumults that arose both in Africa and Sardinia and having made Peace every where did now the first time shut the Temple of Janus after the days of Numa afterwards they won divers Victories of the Gauls Ligurians and Sardinians At the same time Teuta Queen of the Illyrians permitted her Subjects to pirate by Sea and pillage the Coasts of Italy The Romans sent C. and L. Coruncanus to make complaint hereof unto her of whom Lucius speaking bolder than the other was contrary to the Law of Nations slain But next year the Queen was overcome and forced to pay Tribute And a little after the Romans having sent Embassadors to the Achaians Aetolians Athenians and Corinthians began now the first time to intermeddle with the Affairs of Greece But almost all the Greeks having entred into a stricter Alliance made Antigonus the Tutor of Philip King of Macedon their General 3764. 220. CXL i. 534. The Carthaginians in this and the preceding Age possess'd themselves of the greatest part of Spain Asdrubal was Governor there for the space of eight years who both held and enlarged that Province more by Gentleness than Arms. But his Successor Hannibal a Man intent upon War and new Undertakings broke the Peace with laying Siege to Saguntum a City in Confederacy with the Romans which without any regard had to the Roman Embassy after seven months he took The same Embassadors insisted at Carthage That Hannibal should be given up to them But their Demands were rejected 3766. 218. CXL iii. 536. Hence sprang the Second Carthaginian War which commenced twenty four years after the First When Rome was reduced almost to the last extremity in it by Hannibal she was delivered by Scipio who for that reason was sirnam'd The African This War continued for the space of seventeen years whereof you have a compendious and elegant Description in Florus We shall now return to the Jewish Nation of whom we have almost said nothing since the time of Alexander These People were infested by the Kings of Syria and Egypt divers ways and 't is said that Antiochus King of Syria being overcome by Ptolemy Philopater King of Egypt attempted to enter into the Temple of Jerusalem but was kept out from thence by a Miracle and that Philopater going about to force the Jews who lived in Egypt to abjure their Religion was also warned from Heaven to desist The Empire of Parthia is said a little before this to have taken its Original in Asia the first King whereof was Arsaces from whom the succeeding Kings were called Arsacidae At the same time also several of the Eastern Nations strove who should soonest shake off the Macedonian Yoke But others there are who would have these things to have come to pass in the time of the first Punick War Philip King of Macedon in the heat of the Second Carthaginian War made a League with Hannibal and falling into Peloponnesus cut off Aratus by Poison At the same time Laevinus the
Praetor in conjunction with the Aetolians and Attalus King of Pergamus began to infest Greece The Achaians and other Nations of that Country had recourse to Philip for Aid to withstand them who was already angry with the Romans because the said Praetor had fought against him for the Apolliniati and not only so but after having burnt his Fleet forced him to march back into Macedon And these were the Adventures that gave a beginning to the Macedonian War 3772. 212. CXLII i. 542. The Scipio's at this very time were successful in Spain against the Carthaginians but they were both of them three years after together with their Army slain by Asdrubal Marcellus also carry'd on the War with good success in the Isle of Sicily and at last after three years Siege took the City of Syracuse Archimedes alone by the help of some new-invented Engines continued to resist and was against Marcellus's will slain by a fool-hardy Soldier Hannibal's Successes began to decline in Italy while he endeavoured but to no purpose by the Siege of Capua to expell the Romans and attempted Rome her self in vain though he slew Marcellus after two Battels fought with uncertain victory especially after his Brother Asdrubal who was come into Italy to join him with his Forces had been slain by Cl. Nero and Livius Salinator both Consuls But in Spain P. Scipio took New Carthage in one Day overthrew the Carthaginian Army and passing over into Africa made a League with Syphax and Massinissa Kings of Numidia And returning afterwards from thence into Rome he made all necessary Preparation to go back again into Africa and setled the Affairs both of Sicily and Spain that were out of order 3778. 206. CXLIII iii. 548. While Scipio was thus engaged Philopoemenes Praetor of Achaia performed a great many other notable feats as well as overcame Mechanidas Tyrant of Lacedaemonia whom Nabis succeeded The Romans sent Embassadors next year to King Attalus to bring the Image of Idaea the Mother of the Gods to Rome but as in pursuance to the Answer of the Oracle the best Man of the whole City was to receive her young P. Scipio Mnasica was the Person adjudged worthy of that Title And hence it was that those Plays called Megalesia were instituted in honour of the said Goddess Syphax upon his marrying of Sophonisba Asdrubal's Daughter having fallen off from the Romans and closed in with the Interests of the Carthaginians was overcome and taken Prisoner by Scipio and Nssinissa And when the Carthaginians had endeavoured to no purpose to induce the Romans to make a Peace they recalled Hannibal out of Italy who sore against his will passed over into Africa where he was overcome by Scipio in battel who imposed Conditions of Peace upon the Carthaginians and sent their Embassadors to Rome whither himself afterwards returned in triumph The Conquest of CARTHAGE The IXth EPOCH From the Conquest of Carthage to the Birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ were Two Hundred and Two Years which comprehends The IXth PERIOD The Year of the World The Year before Christ Olymp. From the Building of the City 3783. 201. CXLIV iv 553. UPon the terminating of the Carthaginian War that called the Macedonian grew hot between the Romans and King Philip which was also made an end of by them by the frequent Overthrows given King Philip within the term of five years 3789. 195. CXLVI ii 559. Hannibal impatient of Rest endeavoured still to excite his Countrymen to make War upon the Romans but he was constrained for fear of the latter to flee into Asia to Antiochus the Great who was preparing to invade the Romans This King did indeed suddenly enter Greece but was quickly overthrown in a great Battel by M. Acilius Glabrio and so forced to leave that Country But this was not all for in the sixth year after the first Preparations for War he was overcome in Asia it self by L. Scipio who for that reason had the Sirname of Asiaticus given him and obliged to purchase a Peace by quitting all claim to the Countries on this side Mount Taurus Two years after P. Scipio Africanus and Lucius Asiaticus were both adjuged Guilty the former for taking Money of Antiochus to clap up a Peace and the other for misapplying the Treasure of the State The Romans in these times having subdued the Aetolians and so become Arbitrators of the Affairs of all Greece received Embassies from all Parts bringing Complaints against Philip who by his Son Demetrius whom he deputed for that purpose cleared himself before the Senate In this and the following year died three of the most famous Men of that Age viz. Scipio Africanus at Liternum whither he had voluntarily gone into Banishment Philopomoenen Praetor of Achaia at Messena by whose Citizens he was slain and Hannibal in Bithynia with King Prusias where lest he should be given up by him to the Romans he ended his days with Poison Philopomoenen was succeeded by Lycortas in the Praetorship of Achaia But this Republick could not continue long for the Romans its Enemies 3804. 180. CL. i. 574. Philip King of Macedon had two Sons whereof one was a great Enemy and the other a Friend to the Romans Now the former whose Name was Perseus being afraid lest Demetrius the younger of whom before relying upon the Friendship of the Romans should after their Father's death contend with him for the Kingdom he brought such false Accusations against him to his Father that he commanded him first to be poison'd and when he was half dead to be strangled But Philip not long after coming to know the Innocency of Demetrius died of grief about three years after and was succeeded by Perseus in his Dominions 3817. 167. CLIII ii 587. This Prince spent the first five years of his Reign in making Preparations of War against the Romans though he could scarce bear the shock of their Power for the space of four L. Aemilius Paulus triumphed for subduing of him and reduced the Kingdom of Macedon into the form of a Roman Province thereby putting an end thereto after the same had stood for Seven hundred Years Two years after Perseus had begun his Reign over Macedon Antiochus Epiphanes succeeded Seleucus in the Kingdom of Syria Of this Prince it was that Jason having ejected his Brother Onias obtained the High-Priesthood and received him at his entry into Jerusalem in great state He sent the said Prince then fitting out a Fleet in Phoenicia Money by his Brother Menelaus who gave him the same in his own Name and with the addition of three hundred Talents more procured the High-Priesthood for himself But failing again in the Payment of the promised Money his Brother Lysimachus was substituted in his room Hence arose great Contention between these High-Priests Antiochus being afraid lest the Jews would revolt from him when he had failed as he had endeavoured to invade Egypt went back to Jerusalem took away the Vessels out of the Temple and committed many
Colleague in the Empire and died not long after This Prince began his Reign with the Persecution of Hereticks whose Opinions he Condemned by Edicts which are still extant in his Code and with a War against the Persians which his Generals because of their Discord managed with ill Success The Kings of the Hunns and Herulians did then embrace the Christian Faith as Tzathus King of the Lazians had done not long before in whose Favour Justinian made War upon the Persians There were great Differences in the mean time in the Families of the Kings of France which Petavius hath distinctly set out who also shews there were divers Synods held in France as one at Orange against the Semipelagians and another at Arles for them each of them boasting their Sentence to be the Opinion of all Christians Justinian at the same time publish'd both his Novellae and his Code while his General Belisarius waged War against the Persians and overthrew them whence it came to pass that Narses and Aratius Princes of Persia took part with the Romans But the same Persians renewing the War at the Instigation of Alamandurus Prince of the Saracens overcame Belisarius in a bloody Battel 532. This Year a great Sedition was raised in Constantinople by the Prasinan and Venetan Factions with whom the Monks and People falling in occasioned a great Slaughter in the City and struck such a terror into the fearful Emperor that he would have left the Place and was hardly restrain'd from it by the Perswasions of Theodora his Wife There were two Persons whom the common People chiefly struck at in that Sedition and they were John the Cappadocian who was Captain of the Guard and the Lawyer Tribonianus who was Treasurer both of them very different from one another herein That the latter was a most Learned Person but the other illiterate yet they agreed in this that both of them were abominably Covetous Tribonianus published Justinian's Code Institutions and most of the Laws that bear the Name of that Emperor but the Sedition at length was supprest by the Conduct of Narses and Belisarius A strange Question was started among the Divines of Alexandria in the Reign of Justinian whether to wit the Body of Christ was corruptible or incorruptible before the Resurrection Those who thought his Body was incorruptible denied he had suffered any thing but contested that a fantastical Body was only put upon the Cross which is the Opinion of the Mahometans at this day They who contended that Christ's Body was altogether like unto ours because the Apostle to the Hebrews said He was made in all things like unto us Sin excepted became divided into two Factions some among whom Timothy of Alexandria was one denied that it followed from hence that any thing was unknown unto Christ while Themistius his Deacon urged most warmly that he was ignorant of some things But these last were branded as noted Hereticks with the Name of Agnoëtae from whence arose great Commotions in the Reign of Justinian 533. This Emperor set upon the Vandals in Africa where they had now fixed themselves almost for an Age and within two Years space successfully drove them out thence by the Conduct of Belisarius whil'st himself besides the abovemention'd Collections of the Laws set forth the Digests which are as it were a Body of all the Ancient Laws From thence Belisarius where they often overcame Theodahatus King of the Goths at whose Misfortunes the Goths were so disturbed that they slew him and advanced Vitiges into his room who stoutly withstood the Romans and reigned Four Years 539. He was at last constrain'd to deliver himself up into the hands of Belisarius who lead him in Triumph to Constantinople but soon after in the absence of Belisarius the Affairs of the Goths began to have a better Aspect in Italy first under the Conduct of Theudibaldus and then of Totilas while the Roman Generals wasted away their time in Idleness 545. The Doctrine of Origen concerning the Pre-existence of Souls and the end of Punishments being defended by some Origen was again Condemned in Paelaestine Theodorus Bishop of Caesarea who was a favourer of those Opinions says that if it were lawful to Condemn a Tenent after the Author's Death that then the Opinions of Theodorus Bishop of Mopsuesta Theodoritus of Cyrene and Iba of Edessa should be Condemned because they wrote what was contrary to the Determinations of the Synod of Chalcedon tho' they were not Condemned by it Hence sprang those three Factions which wrought great Disturbances in the East while some Condemned those three Men and others declined it Vigilius Bishop of Rome after some delay Condemned them and made himself suspected of Eutychianism tho' he afterwards be silent in that Matter till the Sitting of the Council 553. Italy in the mean time was torn to pieces by the Romans and Goths until Narses overcame and slew Totilas after he had reigned almost Eleven Years The fifth General Council was held the same Year at Constantinople wherein the three fore-mentioned Writers were Condemned against the will of Vigilius Bishop of Rome but the same was at length confirmed by that celebrated at Rome tho' they had condemned the Writings which had been approved of in the Synod of Chalcedon The French in the mean time finding the Goths decline in Italy invaded the remainders of their Conquests in France and began also to draw nigh to Italy whereinto together with the Almains they made several Incursions in spite of Narses who was Governor thereof 561. Some who had conspired against Justinian being detected and taken accused Belisarius as being guilty of the same Crime who thereupon was seized with all his Family but next Year was discharg'd being now an old Man Some Authors who were too great Favourers of the See of Rome feign'd a Story that his Eyes were put out and he reduced to beg because he contested with the Roman Pontiffs for the Empire but the Greek Writers Procopius and Agathias who wrote the History of these Times wherein they lived make mention of no such thing He died the Second Year after the said Accusation 563. It 's said that Justinian the Emperor who had plagued the Hereticks with so many Edicts fell into their Opinion himself who believed that Christ's Flesh was incorruptible and could not suffer and began to persecute those who were of another Sentiment wherein indeed he did not give us a new instance of his former Cruelty but turned the same upon others He died two years after leaving behind him most excellent Laws to the Roman World But he was a Prince not fit for War because he was of a timorous Nature and therefore mistrustful and Covetous if we believe the Historia Anecdota of Procopius Towards the end of his Reign Ethelbert King of Kent embraced the Christian Religion being instructed therein by Augustine the Monk who was sent from Rome thither Columban the Presbyter is said to have gone at the same time
Discourse was also forbid concerning the Two Natures of Christ condemned the Type as impious The Emperor endeavoured next year by the means of Olympius Exarch of Ravenna to compell the Italian Bishops to subscribe the Type but to no purpose In the mean time the Saracens invaded Cyprus and Sicily with other Islands and grew stronger and stronger daily the Emperor Constantine being not forward enough to oppose their growth who was forced to buy his Peace of them with Money 653. Cedrenus says that Mavias General of the Saracens having seized upon the Isle of Rhodes found there a piece of the Colossus which had been thrown down above Eight hundred and seventy five Years before by an Earthquake after it had stood almost Eight hundred Years It was eighty Cubits high and the Legs of it stood so far asunder that Ships might sail between them Cedrenus says that Nine hundred Camels were laden with the remains of it So that considering the ordinary burthen of a Camel is Eight hundred Pounds weight it follow'd that the Weight thereof amounted to above Seven hundred thousand Pounds of Brass But it 's not likely that the Brass should be so much despised that none of the Christian Emperors thought it worthy to be taken away till those times Next year Constans the Emperor was overcome in a Sea-Engagement by Mavias when the former had dream'd the night before that he was at Thessalonica Which by the Interpreters of Dreams was construed to amount to as much as if God had told him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Yield the Victory to another The same year Othman King of the Arabs who had seized on the Persian Empire being slain was succeeded by Hali whom the Persians make to be equal with Mahomet 663. The Saracens being engaged in a Civil War among themselves the Emperor Constans took an opportunity to go into Italy where at first he gave the Lombards several Overthrows but being afterwards often beaten by them he was forced to return to the East Whither as he was going he was slain in a Bath at Syracuse 668. One Mizizius an Armenian was chosen Emperor in his room who was quickly overcome and slain by Constantine the Son of Constans This Constantine was he that had left Constantinople when Beardless and returned thither a Bearded Man and was called Pogonatus The Saracens in his Reign began to invade Africa and return with a Fleet again to Sicily wasting all before them 672. They did the same in other Provinces of the Empire and with their Fleet set upon Constantinople it self but they were stoutly repulsed by Constantine as also by Bambas King of Spain upon whose Coast they came 678. The Bulgarians so named from the River Volga or Bulga making an Irruption from the Northern Shores of the Euxine-Sea even unto Thrace began to be troublesome unto the Roman Empire and grew so powerful that the Emperor was forced to pay them Tribute 681. At last after many Contests the Sixth General Council was assembled at Constantinople wherein the Monothelites were condemned the Western Bishops proving great Sticklers against them 685. Four years after died the Emperor Constantine and was succeeded by his Son Justinian H. who in the beginning of his Reign drove the Saracens out of Armenia and made them pay him Tribute But they in a short time violated the Conditions of the Peace by removing the Emperor's Garrisons from Mount Libanus who were posted there At which the Emperor growing angry he proclaimed War against them though they now offered to pay him a greater Tribute than ordinary and in a submissive manner sued for Peace He did indeed in the first Battel give them the Overthrow they being uprovided for it but the Sclavi whom he led against them being corrupted he was overcome again and lost Armenia 692. Ten years after the Sitting of the Sixth Council another was called by Callinicus Patriarch of Constantinople wherein he put forth several Canons in the Name of the Sixth Council and among others allowed the Clergy to have Wives provided they abstained from the use of them in the time of the Administration of the Sacred Mysteries These Canons were received by the Eastern Churches but rejected by the Western and from henceforward the Church of Constantinople was in a manner divided from the Communion of that of Rome 694. When Justinian II. had done many cruel things and designed to bring his Soldiers to Massacre the People of Constantinople Leontius a Patrician whom he kept in Prison having set the Prisoners at liberty possess'd himself of the Empire and having cut off his Nostrils banish'd him to Taurica Chersonesus where he lived for the space of ten years Leontius in the beginning of his Reign happily drove out the Saracens who had invaded Africa by the Conduct of John his Brother But the same John not long after growing negligent of his Affairs was overcome by them and when the Army for that reason required he should be brought forth to be punish'd they made Absimarus who was also called Tiberius Emperor This Man marching unexpectedly to Constantinople seized it and Leontius also whose Nostrils he commanded should be cut off and sent him Prisoner to a Monastery in Dalmatia 698. We have hitherto omitted the barbarous Names of the French Kings and their Neighbours and the continual Wars they almost always waged against one another the knowledge whereof is not very material but it were a crime to say nothing of Pepin Mayor of the Palace in France who about these times begot Charles Martell upon his Concubine Alphaida who succeeded his Father in the same Charge The Kings of France in this Age gave themselves up wholly to Sloth and left the Management of all their Affairs to the Mayor of the Palace which made them have the Sirname of Faineant or Slothful given them and the Regal Dignity at last devolved upon Pepin's Family 703. Though Absimarus and his Brother Heraclius often overcame the Saracens and governed the Empire very well yet they could not defend themselves against Justinian who was Emperor before Leontius For he being assisted by the Bulgarians took Constantinople and having taken Absimarus and Heraclius in their flight hung them upon the Walls and held the Empire nine years He gave the Bulgarians at first Thanks suitable to their Service but afterwards violating the Peace he made a great slaughter of them for which they took severe Revenge not long after 709. Roderick fearing an Insurrection by the Spaniards over whom he was King took away their Arms and rased the Walls of their Cities Which gave Walidus King of the Arabs an opportunity by his General Tarichus to attempt something upon Spain and having sent a Fleet thither brought off a very great Booty But being invited thither two years after by Count Julian whose Daughter Roderick had debauched he went over with twelve thousand Men into Spain fortify'd his Camp upon a Mountain near the Streight of Gibraltar anciently called Calpe and
worthy in the opinion of the Nobles of the Royal Dignity Aistulphus who at that time was King over the Lombards drove Eutychius at length out of Italy and so an end was put to the Power of the Eastern Emperors in that Country The same Aistulphus began to be troublesom to the Pope and endeavoured to Possess himself of the City of Rome but Stephen Zachary's Successor withstood him stiffly and having sought to Constantine for Aid to no purpose he has recourse to Pippin to whom he privily wrote Letters wherein he begged his Assistance against the Lombards and Pippin at length prevail'd so far with Aistulphus as to make a Truce with the Pope but Aistulphus refusing to stand to his Promise Stephen in the year 754. went himself in Person to Pippin and wrought so far upon him as to raise an Army to pass over the Alps in his favour who accordingly entring Italy overthrew Aistulphus's Forces and at last granted him Conditions of Peace But so as that he should deliver up Ravenna to the Pope and make restitution of whatever he had taken from him From thence he returned into France and finding by the time a year came about that Aistulphus had violated his Faith he made a second Expedition into Italy and having beaten Aistulphus again imposed the same Conditions upon him Here was laid the principal foundation of the Pope's Power so that the Roman Pontiffs were beholding almost for all to Pippin and Charles the Great In the mean time Constantine having assembled 338 Bishops held the Seventh General Council wherein Images were put down and called Idols The Iconolatrae or Image-Worshippers do not allow this to have been a lawful Synod because the Western Bishops consent was wanting 759. Jusaph who reigned over the Saracens in Spain was dispossess'd in the Name of the King of the Asian-Saracens by reason of an overthrow given him by the remainders of the Christians in that Kingdom and Abderamen made King in his stead who reigned at Corduba Seven and twenty Years 763. All the Work which the Image-Worshippers found for Constantine could not hinder him from making War upon the Bulgarians whom he overcame and at his return to Constantinople triumphed tho' the Turks breaking into Armenia through the Streights of the Caspian Sea committed great Depredations there as they did afterwards and won great Victories over the Saracens themselves 766. He sent Ambassadors not long after to Pippin to perswade him to take away the Images about which there arose much Strife between the Greeks and Latins in the Synod of Gentiliacum but nothing seems to have been determined upon that Head The Greeks also accused the Latins because they added and from the Son to the Nicene Creed where it treats of the Procession of the Holy Ghost whereas it was only before who proceeds from the Father 768. This year wherein after much Contention Stephen III. was chosen Bishop of Rome died Pippin who left his Sons Charles and Carloman to succeed him Constantine about the same time finding by Experience that the Monks were a sort of People given to Sedition commanded them to leave their Monasteries and to Marry and so live among the Laiety unless they rather chose to be banished 771. Carloman after a Reign of Four Years died and left his Brother Charles sole Monarch of France who not long after sent Bertha Daughter to Desiderius King of the Lombards back to her Father This Prince divested Pope Stephen of the Exarchate of Ravenna and Charles's Ambassadors could by no means bring him to restore it which made Charles march with an Army into Italy and wrest that out of his hands which he could not effect by an Ambassy and so put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards Paul the Deacon was Secretary to Desiderius and was the most Learned Man of those times and therefore highly esteemed by Charles who as the times went was a Learned Prince Alcuin an Englishman and Charles his Tutor was also a Person not inferior to the Deacon 773. The Saxons by their continual Rebellions cut out much Work for him now and afterwards while that Constantine the Emperor died in the mean time leaving Leo III. his Son to succeed him who also created his Son Constantine of that same Name with his Grandfather Emperor when he had first bound his Nobles by an Oath that they should suffer no other to Reign Leo had before this made his Wife Irene his Mother's Name-sake Augusta This same Princess was the King of Bulgaria's Daughter whereas the other Irene was Daughter to the King of the Chazari which I thought fit to take notice of in this place lest the sameness of the Name should work any Confusion in History 779. Whilst Charles the Great overcame the Saracen Prince of Navarr in Spain Leo also got a great Victory over that People in Syria This Prince was so set against the Idolaters or Image-Worshippers that upon his finding some Images with his Wife Irene he abstain'd from her Company tho' she denied that she knew any thing of them Irene soon after upon his Death in her Son's Name assumed the Imperial Power and held it for Ten Years Thereupon the Images were presently set up again and the Monks and Nuns sent into their Monasteries Nicephorus Leo's Brother whom Copronymus had formerly given the Dignity of Caesar to was still alive who when some of the Nobles had endeavoured to advance to the Throne was seized by Irene together with his Brothers shorn and shut up in a Monastery 786. Irene this year endeavoured to assemble a General Council at Constantinople in order to Condemn the Image-Breakers but was obstructed in her Design by a Sedition of the Common People yet next year there was one held at Nice wherein the Image-Breakers were condemned and this second Nicene Council was called the Seventh General one by those who approved of the Worship of Images Irene and Charles could not well agree because Rachisius Duke of Beneventum her Vassal was quelled by Charles when he would have made War upon the Bishop of Rome wherefore the Proud Woman sent an Army into Italy to restore the Kingdom of the Lombards but being overthrown by Charles's Forces they returned to Constantinople without effecting their Design 788. This year the Normans or Danes arriving at first with three Ships only in Britain ravaged the Sea-Coast of it In the mean time the Government of Irene grew daily more and more intolerable to the Nobility but when she observed that some of them favoured her Son's Interest she thrust them into Monasteries and forced the Inhabitants of Constantinople to Swear fealty to her without any mention of her Son But she could not the year following hinder Constantine by a Joint Consent of the Army to be advanced to his Father's Throne Tho' this Prince who before was invited by every body to take the Administration upon him being beaten often in the succeeding years became hated almost of all Men
and lest his Unkles might perhaps be preferred before him he commanded their Eyes to be pulled out and their Tongues cut off by which Fact of his he increased the hatred already so universally conceived against him 792. In these times lived George of Taras the next Man in Authority to the Patriarch of Constantinople who took in Africanus and Eusebius's Chronicle into his own As also John Mailros and Claud Clement both Scotchmen who moved Charles the Great to Found the University of Paris especially at Alcuin's Instigation 794. A little after this there were almost Three hundred Bishops besides several Abbots gathered out of Charles's Dominions who met at Frankford where after they had in the first place condemned some Spanish Bishops for adhering as they thought to Nestorius's Opinion They then took into their Consideration the Proceedings of the Second Council of Nice where Pope Adrian presided by his Legates and which he had Approved of and Decreed That Image-Worship was a wicked Practice and that the Approvers thereof were in the wrong and therefore that the Canons of the said Council were to be rejected though approved of by the Bishop of Rome While these things were in agitation in the West Constantine having divorced his Wife Mary at the Instigation of Irene his Mother who studied to render him odious to the People that she might obtain the Empire a Second time married another whose Name was Theodete whereat the Inhabitants of Constantinople were much offended 797. At length the Mother did so reconcile her self to the Nobility that two years after she took care to secure his Person and put out his Eyes which proved so grievous to him that he died within a few days after while Irene invaded the Administration of the Government It was not long after before she slew Nicephorus and Christophorus her Husband's Brothers and so the whole Race of Leo Isaurus became extinct Then she sent Embassadors to treat with Charles about a Peace whom he honourably received 800. Next year Charles went to Rome to decide the Pope's Case who being accused of many wicked Actions had been evilly entreated and upon his taking an Oath that he was innocent he spared him After which going on Christmas-Day into the Cathedral of St. Peter he was saluted by Leo and all the People of Rome with the Title of Augustus and Emperor of the West It 's said Irene took this very ill but afterwards when Charles treated with her about a Marriage between them he was acknowledged by her However the Marriage did not go on because that in the very nick of time when Charles's Embassadors came to Constantinople she was deposed by Nicephorus a Nobleman and sent close Prisoner to the Isle of Lesbos This Nicephorus reigned in the East almost nine years and Charles from the time that he was saluted Emperor ruled in the West fourteen for he died in the beginning of the Year 814 He was both a learned and very warlike Emperor insomuch that his Army was never beaten when he was present The XIIth EPOCH The Empire of Charles the Great AT length we are come to our Last EPOCH which is that of the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great wherewith we close up the XIth Period of our History And we have no more to do now after we have heaped up so long a Catalogue of Errors and Impieties wherewith the History of Mankind hath been perpetually diversified but to declare That none appears to us to be a perfect Pattern either of Wisdom or Sanctity but our only Saviour JESUS CHRIST whom Almighty God his and the Father of us all has proposed to be the alone Exemplar of our Imitation in all things To whom be Glory and Praise Amen FINIS AN INDEX OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY A ABderamen the Arab King of Corduba Page 188 Abraham called out of Chaldea Page 10 Absimarus the Emperor Page 181 Abubecer Chaliph Page 186 The Achaian Republick Page 75 The Achaian War Page 86 The Aegyptian Dynasties Page 7 Aelius Verus the Emperor Page 107 Aemilian the Emperor Page 116 L. Aemilius Paulus Page 82 Aeneas his Travels Page 23 Aeolidae or Aeoles when named Page 24 Aeschylus the Poet Page 49 Aesop Author of the Fables Page 39 Agathocles Tyrant of Syracuse Page 70 Agesilaus King of Lacedaemon Page 60 63 Agnoetae Page 165 Agrippa M. Vipsanius and his Children Page 94 Agrippa Herod 's Grand-son Page 99 Agrippinus the Carthaginian Page 111 Aistulphus the Lombard 187. often beaten by Pepin Page 188 Alagabalus Page 111 Alaricus King of the Goths 147. takes Rome Page 148 Alboinus King of the Lombards Page 168 Alcaeus the Poet Page 37 Alcibiades General of the Athenians Page 58 Alcman the Poet Page 37 The Alcoran Page 173 Alcuin an Englishman Page 190 Alexander King of Epirus Page 68 Alexander the Macedonian born 64. fights at Chaeronaea 66. His Feats 67. dies at Babylon Page 68 Alexander King of the Jews Page 88 Alexander the Emperor Page 112 Alexander Bishop of Alexandria Page 125 Allia the Battel there Page 61 Altar of Victory Page 139 Amasis invades the Kingdom of Aegypt Page 39 Ambrose of Milan Page 139 Amphion King of Thebes Page 21 Anakims a Noble Family of Palaestine Page 12 Anacreon the Poet Page 44 Anastasius I. Emperor who lov'd the Peace of the Church Page 159 160 Anastasius II. Emperor Page 183 Anaxagoras the Philosopher Page 50 Anaxarchus the Philosopher Page 66 Anaximander the Philosopher Page 37 42 Anaximenes the Philosopher Page 41 Angel-Worship or Idolatry the Occasion of it Page 8 Anibal the Son of Amilcar wages War in Spain Page 76. passes into Italy 77. his Affairs decline 78. is overcome in Africa 79. flies to Antiochus 80. dies of Poison with King Prusias Page 81 Annibal the Brother of Giscon Page 59 Anthemius the Emperor Page 156 Antigonus Sirnamed Daturus Page 76 Antioch the Difference in the Church there Page 136 141 Antipater Praefect of Greece Page 69 Antipater the Edomite Page 92 Antioch a Council held there by the Arians Page 133 Antiochus Epiphanes Page 83 Antiochus Eupator Page 83 Antiochus Grypus Page 86 Antiochus the Great angry with the Jews 77. overcome by the Romans Page 80 Antoninus Pius Emperor Page 108 M. Antonius Triumvir Page 92 Apollinaris of Laodicea Page 341 Apries King of Aegypt slain Page 39 Aquila Ponticus Page 107 Aratus Praetor of Achaia Page 75 Arbaces gets the Medes their Liberty Page 28 Arcadius made Emperor 146. dies Page 148 Archagathus the Grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse Page 70 Archelaus the Tetrarch Page 95 Archias of Corinth Page 30 Archimedes of Syracuse Page 78 Armies how they were so Numerous in Ancient Times Page 27 Perpetual Archons of Athens 24. made every Ten Years 30. lastly Annual Page 34 Argonauts Ship whence called Page 21 Arian their Differences Page 127 Arians divided into Parties Page 141 Ariminium a Synod there Page 136 Aristides General of the Athenians at Platea Page 50 Aristides an Athenian
120. His Cruelty towards the Christians 121. Resigns his Imperial Dignity ibid. Dionysius Senior Tyrant of Syracuse Page 59 Dionysius Junior is expell'd by Dion 64. Recovers Syracuse and is thence expell'd Page 65 Dioscorus of Alexandria Page 154 Domitian the Emperor Page 104 Donatists Schisms 122 124. Extinguish'd by force Page 147 Draco amends the Laws of Athens Page 36 Drusus Aug. his Son in Law Page 94 C. Duillus the Consul Page 74 E. ECbatan built Page 34 Eglon King of the Moabites Page 18 Ehud King of the Hebrews ibid. Eleusinian Sacrifices when instituted Page 20 Elam its Kings more powerful than those of Babylonia Page 10 Elisha the Prophet Page 28 Empedocles the Philosopher Page 55 Ennius the Poet Page 75 Epaminondas the Theban 62. His Death ibid. Ephesian Synod Page 151 Epimenides the Philosopher Page 37 Epiphanius Page 140 146 Epicurus the Philosopher Page 66 Epoch what they be How many in this History Page 2 Ethelbert King of Kent Page 168 Evagrius the Historian Page 170 Evaricus King of the Goths Page 156 Eugenius the Tyrant Page 145 Evil-merodach King of Babylon Page 39 Eumenes King of Pergamus Page 75 Euripides the Tragedian Page 55 Eusebius of Caesarea Page 128 Eustathius of Antioch Page 130 Eutropius a Seditious Captain Page 146 Eutyches condemned Page 152 Eutychius the Exarch thrust out of Ravenna 185. Recovers it again ibid. Is Expell'd a second time Page 189 Ezekiel the Prophet Page 37 F FAbius Caeso slain with the whole Fabian Family Page 50 Fables of the Greeks relating to the Second Period Page 8 Fausta Constantine 's Wife slain Page 129 Florianus the Emperor Page 119 Florus Page 106 Fohi I. King of the Serans Page 8 Francfort Synod Page 192 Fruit the Antidiluvian Food Page 5 M. Furius Camillus expells the Veians Page 60 Furcae Caudinae Page 69 G GAinas a Seditious Person Page 147 Galba the Emperor Page 103 Galen Page 108 Galenus Maximus Caesar 121. Emperor Page 122 Galienus the Emperor Page 116 Garizim Temple Page 67 Gauls depopulate Macedon and other neighbouring Coasts Page 73 Gauls take Rome and are expelled Page 61 Geisericus King of the Vandals 153 takes Rome Page 154 Gelon Tyrant of the Syracusians Page 50 Gentiliacum 's Synod Page 189 George the Sub-Patriarch Page 192 Germanicus Son of Drusus Page 94 97 Geta the Emperor Page 110 Gibraltar whence derived Page 182 Gideon Judge of the Hebrews Page 19 Glycerius the Emperor Page 156 Gnosticks Hereticks Page 106 Gomorrah 's Subversion Page 11 Gordianus the Emperor Page 115 Gordias the Rhetorician Page 55 Goths their Affairs grow desperate in Italy Page 165 Goths Arians Page 160 Gratian Aug. 139. is slain Page 143 Gregory Thaumaturgus Page 114 Gregory the Great Page 169 Gregory III. Bishop of Rome Page 184 Gregory Nazianzen Page 139 143 Gyges King of the Lydians Page 33 H HAdarezer King of Syria Page 26 Hadrian the Emperor Page 107 Hereticks ordered by some to be Re-baptized by others not Page 117 Hali Patriarch of Persia Page 178 Hazael King of Syria Page 28 Helen is stoln Page 22 Henoch taken up into Heaven Page 4 Henoticon 's Epistle of Zeno Page 158 Heracleon the Emperor Page 176 Heraclides return into Peloponnesus Page 24 Heraclitus of Ephesus Page 47 Heraclius I. Emperor Page 171 Heraclius II. Emperor Page 172 Hercules the Theban when he lived and why he was called the Son of Jupiter Page 21 Ap. Herdonius possessing the Capitol is from thence cast down Page 52 Hermas Pastor Page 107 Herod the Great made King of Judaea 92 93. His Reign Page 94 95 Herod Antipas Page 95 Herodotus Halicarnasseus Page 51 54 Hesiod what time he lived Page 26 Hieron Tyrant of the Syracusians Page 51 Hiero Junior King of the Syracusians Page 74 Hilarius a Pict Page 135 Hipparchus an Astronomer Page 84 Hipparchus an Athenian Page 45 Hippias a Tyrant of Athens Page 45 47 Hipponax a Poet Page 42 Hiram King of the Tyrians Page 25 Homer at what time he lived Page 26 Homer 's Poems by whom collected Page 45 Honorius Aug. Page 146 Horace Page 94 Hosea the Prophet Page 30 Hyperides the Orator Page 69 Hypostasis Dissentions about the word Page 141 Hyrcanus King of the Jews Page 88 89 I JAbin King of the Canaanites Page 19 Jaddua the High-Priest of the Jews Page 67 Janus when he reign'd Page 22 Ibycus a Poet Page 41 Iconolatrians vex'd by Leo Armenus the Emperor 184 185. Defended by the Bishops of Rome 184. Condemned by the Seventh Synod 188. by Leo III. Page 191 Idolatry when and how it sprung up Page 8 Jephtha 's Daughter gave Original to the Fable of Iphigenia Page 20 Jerom Page 140 144 Jeroboam 's Reign Page 26 Jerusalem 's Walls repaired Page 52 Ignis Graecus Page 183 Ignatius a Martyr Page 105 Image-Worship defended and opposed Page 158 I nachus whence so called Page 12 Joakim King of the Jews Page 37 John the Apostle Page 105 John Hyrcanus Page 85 John Mailros Page 192 John Principal Notary Page 151 John Zacharias 's Son Page 97 Jonas the Prophet Page 28 Jonathan the Machabite Page 84 Ionians whence so called Page 24 Joseph carried into Egypt Page 13 Josephus the Historian Page 105 Joshua divides Canaan Page 18 Jovian the Emperor Page 138 Irene Daughter to the King of Bulgaria 190. defendeth Images 191. Her Wickedness Page 192 Irene Chaganus 's Daughter Page 185 Isdegerdis 's Fidelity in the Education of Theodosius Page 148 Israelites how they could pass over the Red Sea in so short a time Page 15 Isthmian Games when instituted Page 19 Italian War Page 87 Jews First Captivity 37. Second ibid. Third Page 38 Jews return from Babylon 43. Lay the Foundation of the Temple ibid. At last finish it Page 45 Jews change their Letters Page 55 Jewish Priests dissent among themselves Page 82 Jews compell'd to abjure their Religion by Leo Armenius Page 184 Jewish War with Vespasian Page 103 Judas the Macchabite Page 84 Jugurtha and his War Page 86 Julianus Didius the Emperor Page 109 Julianus Caesar the Emperor 136. professeth Heathenism 137. His Death Page 138 Julianus the Count calls the Arabians into Spain Page 182 Julius the African Page 114 Julius Caesar obtains Gaul 90. His Civil War is slain ends it within five years ibid. Page 91. ibid. Julius Pollux the Grammarian Page 109 Justinian I. Emperor 163. His Heresie Page 167 Justinian II. Emperor his Exploits and various Fortune i 79. His Death Page 183 Justin I. Emperor of Thrace Page 162 Justin II. Emperor Page 163 Justin Martyr Page 108 Justus the Historian Page 105 Juvenal Page 102 L LActantius Page 120 Langobards invade part of Italy Page 169 Langobardian Laws Page 177 Latinus when he reigned Page 23 Lavinium when built Page 23 Leo I. Emperor Page 155 Leo II. Emperor Page 156 Leo III. an Armenian Emperor Page 183 Leo IV. Emperor by others III. omitting the II. the Son of Leo I. because of his short Reign Page 190