Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	high_a	king_n	treason_n	3,672	5	9.5249	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09567	A famouse cronicle of oure time, called Sleidanes Commentaries concerning the state of religion and common wealth, during the raigne of the Emperour Charles the fift, with the argumentes set before euery booke, conteyninge the summe or effecte of the booke following. Translated out of Latin into Englishe, by Ihon Daus. Here vnto is added also an apology of the authoure.; De statu religionis et reipublicae, Carolo Quinto Caesare, commentarii. English	Sleidanus, Johannes, 1506-1556.; Daus, John.	1560 (1560)	STC 19848A; ESTC S115937	985,386	980

appeale to a general counsell in the same maye all griefes be decyded and I requyre that the same maye be called so shortlye as may be Where he speaketh of two lightes he followeth herein the wordes of Innocentius the thyrd which applieth the two great lyghtes that God created the one to guyde the day the other the nyght to the byshops and princelyke dignitie But that whiche ministreth Godly thinges to be muche more excellent then that which gouerneth polytike matters only And loke what different is betwyxte the sonne and the mone so great a diuersitie is there betwyxt the office of the high byshop a kinges office Whan Cesar had made this aunswere to ClemeÌ„t he wryteth also to the coledge of Cardinalles the sixt day of October signifiyng that he is not a little sory to heare that byshop Clement is confederated with the French kyng who reneweth warre agaiÌ„st him afreshe how the bishop hath sent him letters of defiance which he supposeth were writteÌ„ by their coÌ„mon assent wherat he marueleth not a little considering there is no kyng that beareth more loue and affection to the churche of Rome than he Witnes Parma Placence whiche being cities of the Empyre and plucked from it of late he hath not withstanding restored to the churche all be it he was by no ryght bounde so to do And the princes and states of Germanye coÌ„playned vnto him at Wormes of sondry iniuries done by the courte of Rome and required a recompence but he for a singular loue naturall inclination towardes the churche of Rome passed ouer their requestes with deaf eares And where as great sedition and trouble ensued therupon through out all Germanye and the Princes there had appointed another counsel he for the indemnitie of the bishop church of Rome countremaunded the same vnder a great penaltie and to appease their myndes he put them in hope of a general counsell to be holden out of hande Wherfore the byshop hathe done hym great iniury whiche hath done so muche for his sake that he hath by the same meanes lost the good wylles of the princes of the Empire he desyreth them therfore to admonyshe the byshop of his duty that he appointe a counsell and perswade hym to incline his mynde to peace rather then to warre whiche if he refuse and wyll differre the counsell that then they would call it for if the christian coÌ„mon wealth susteyne any losse or dammage eyther for the want of a counsell or for long delaye of the same it ought not hereafter to be imputed to him After the newes came out of Hongary of the great ouerthrowe there the prynces set forward their Ambassade appointed at Spires to the Emperour with the great spede And for the more expedition they intreate the FreÌ„che kyng to graunt them a saufeconduicte to passe into Spayne through Fraunce whiche he graunted prescribing them a certen tyme to passe in and toke an occasion hereby to wryte vnto them the .vj. of Octobre That for the losse of Hongary the death of Lewis the kynge and the daunger that approched Germany he had conceiued an inwarde sorowe in his minde and nothyng lesse lamented that the publique wealth also peryshed through ciuile warres it was not surely loÌ„g of him that Christome is not quiet but this to be the Emperours faulte who refuseth al honeste and reasonable conditions of peace And for so much as he is neither moued with the coÌ„mon losse destruction nor with the moste vnworthy death of his brother in lawe king Lewis nor yet with the miserable estate of his owne sister now a wydowe nor coÌ„sidereth not in what daunger standeth Austriche they shal do wel according to their dutie if they can exhorte perswade him vnto peace to kepe loue amitie with kinges that dwell nere hym and refrayne this vnmeasurable couetousnes for this should be more honorable for hym than if he styll endeuour to get other mens landes and possesse all him selfe alone his progenitours kynges of Fraunce haue often times fought many battelles with the ennemies of christentie the same myght nowe be done with their powers ioyned in one if the Emperour be so mynded wherfore in case they can deuise to bring this thing to passe he wyll bestowe on the Turkyshe warre al his force and him selfe also but if not no man blame hym if he assaye to recouer by force of armes suche thynges as by good wyll he can not for it staÌ„deth him vpon rather to seke for peace which is nerer the Turkes daunger thaÌ„ he is Whan Cesar was aduertysed of these letters the .xxix. of NoueÌ„bre he writeth to the Princes and first he rehearseth howe mercyfully and gently he vsed the Frenche kynge prysoner howe he set hym at lybertie howe he gaue hym in marriage his eldest syster to hym in degree of succession the seconde And where as he all thynges beyng quyeted as he supposed was takynge his iourney into Italye to the entent he myghte bende hys whole force agaynste the perpetuall ennemyes of the Christiane Religion he breakynge his fidelitie and makynge a league wyth Byshop Clement and certen others and deuydynge emonges them the kyngdome of Naples whiche they had alreadye in hope conceyued to be theyr owne Renewed mortall Warre By meanes whereof he coulde not delyuer the countrey of Hongary from the violent fury of the Turkes being forced to defende his owne limites And where as he pretendeth to lament the death of kyng Lewis and destruction of Hongary it is a playne dissimulatioÌ„ to the intent he myght by some meane put to silence such as founde his letters and do constantly affirme that the Turke atteÌ„pted this warre through his instigation When he was in Spayne and synce his retourne home also he confirmed by his letters the obseruation of conue nauntes but for as muche as he hath his kingdome liyng in the middes of all Europe he is carelesse and seketh warres contention therby to make his profite Besides the wrytinge before mentioned there came forth in the French kinges name an Apologie in his defence declaring the causes why he staÌ„deth not to the peace of Madrice Wherunto an answere was made in the Emperours behalf at large For as muche as the Turke had Buda with a great parte of Hongary oppressed the people miserably being a great terrour to Germany CerteÌ„ princes of the Empire consulted at Eslyng to write spedely to the Emperour intreating him to repaire into Germany as shortly as might be in consideration to the great daunger that than hanged ouer the Empire in these letters written the .xix. of DeceÌ„bre they make mentioÌ„ of the Ambassade that they were determined to haue sent vnto hym but because they should haue trauailed through Fraunce the kynge wold graunt them saufe conduict but only for .iiij. monethes wherof one was past before the Ambassadours should mete together the time wold be much shortned Therfore to

graunte that theyr doctryne should be establyshed by the testimonye of Goddes worde And where of a syngular clemencie and loue of peace he hathe wylled the decree to be thus deuysed and herein hathe abased hym selfe ouer muche therfore he requyreth them that they wyll admytte the same in lyke case as other Prynces doe and consyder with them selues that vnlesse they so doe what great occasion they shall gyue to muche michief for the whiche they shal rendre a strayght accompte to God one daye Moreouer howe it was neuer set forth by no wryting that it should be lawfull to spoyle men and afterwardes to excuse it thus as though he that hath sustayned losse shoulde make no restitution And as concernynge the Apologie wrytten against the confutation he had shewed them before that he would admytte no further disputation about Relygion for as muche as he maye not nother is it any part of his office And for this cause hath he refused it For vnlesse they wyll allowe and confirme this decree he wyll doe as he shall see cause that thynge whiche shall be come his estate office The Marques sayde this moreouer howe they knewe what trauell and paynes the reste of the Prynces and states had taken that this controuersie myght be ended quietly And nowe besought them to way with them selues howe muche it were bothe for their priuate profyte and also to the common wealthes to obey the Emperour and admitte the decree whiche vnlesse they wyll do doubtlesse al the other states wyl do herein what soeuer themperour shal coÌ„maunde theÌ„ For they haue promysed hym already vpon their fidelititie that they wil in this quarell spende with him al their substaunce their bloud and their life also to fynishe vp the matter and he hath promysed theim againe to bende hytherwardes all his force and power and not to departe out of the limites of the Empire before he haue brought it to passe And that he was commaunded to saye this muche to them by all the Prynces and states Agayne the Protestauntes maynteyne theyr doctryne to be agreable to Gods worde whiche the gates of hell are notable to resist and the same to be further declared in the wryting lately preseÌ„te but for the decree made they can not alowe it with a saufe conscience wherfore thei desyre to haue a copie therof to the intent after good deliberation they maye frame a determinate aunswere whiche shall be as conformable as Gods worde shall permitted them And in al other causes they wyll not sticke to spende lyfe and goodes for his sake but to heare that the Princes and states haue bounden them selues to the Emperour in suche sorte they can not a little maruell consyderynge they haue giuen them none occasion so to do and that there is nothing whiche they are not ready after the example of their auncesters to do for the Emperour and when nede requyreth wyll not be the last And where as he sayed that no man ought to be spoyled of his goodes they doe confesse the same also and herein are nothynge culpable For as touchynge Religious houses they haue oftentymes protested so to vse the matter vntyll the counsell as it maye be certenly sene and perceyued that they seeke not their owne priuate lucre or commoditie After muche deliberation the Emperour aunswered them agayne by the Marques of Brandenburge that he wyl not confesse nor graunt that which they baoste of their religioÌ„ And that he hath also a regard to his conscience and his soules health as well as they and wyll cleaue to the auncient Religion of the olde fathers In the decree made there can nothyng be chaunged if they wyll allowe it well and good if not he hath an occasion gyuen hym to deuyse with the rest for an other decree to be made wherby these newe spronge vp sectes maye be plucked vp by the rotes Germany set vp at quietnes and the auncieÌ„t Religion of the churche fayth and cerimonies be had in estimation whiche thing belongeth chiefly to his office and dutie For except they wyll be ordered he wyll declare all to the hyghe byshop and to other kynges and vse both their counsell and ayde herein Unto that where they saie they haue gyuen none occasion of offence there is much to be obiected For their preachers were a great occasion of the coÌ„motion rusticall warre wherin almoste an hondreth thousande were slayne And many thinges haue bene done in their dominions to the open reproche contempt and mockery of the byshop of Rome and of hym and of other states also therfore not to be so clere without blame as they would make it Moreouer that the prynces and states haue of no priuate affection but according to their duty offered their assistaunce especially seynge howe they wyll admitte no waye of vnitie and concorde Fynally he wylleth and coÌ„maundeth them to restore in to theyr former estate the Abbottes MouÌ„kes and other ecclesiastical persons whiche they haue expulsed For he heareth their dayly complayntes is troubled almoste continuallye about the restitution of them After a lytle respyte the Protestantes do replie thus For as muche as they can not obtayne the Copie of the decree nor tyme to consulte of the whole matter it is but foly to make any further discoursynge thereof Wherfore they do committe the whole cause vnto God in whom thei repose the chiefe hope of their saluation But where they are charged with the sedition of the commons thei be vtterly clere in that matter for what they did at the same tyme and howe they spared neither cost peryll nor paynes it is manifestly knowen to all men And the cause originall of that sedition was declared also foure yeares synce in the assembly of Spyres Wherfore it is not well done to lay this thyng to their charge but therein they suffer iniurie for if there be any man that wyll trye the lawe with them in this or any other matter they refuse not to abyde iudgement Wherfore they beseche hym he woulde conceaue no hainous displeasure against them nor be incensed with hatred malice coÌ„sidering that al they haue is as well at his commaundemeÌ„t as any thyng els of the other states When they had thus sayde they axed leaue and departed leauing certayne of their couÌ„sellers for their deputes But before they went the Archebyshoppes of Mentz and Triers and also the Palsgraue sent to declare vnto them that the same that the electour of Brandenburg spake of gening their ayde and assistaunce for the defence of Religion was done without their commaundement whiche thynge also they hyd not from the Emperour shewyng him howe they had none occasion of ennemitie or displeasur against them Wherfore in case they had conceaued any euyll opinion against them they desyred them to leaue it The Prince of Saxony was content with that purgation and bad them againe to loke for al good wyll and frendshyp at his

the Grekes supplaÌ„ted thus also were the Germains deluded by Tiberius what time they moued war in Italy only Britaine which now is Englande escaped this yoke for that they vnderstode their subtill fetches always in coÌ„mon perill powred out all their ciuile hatred vpon their ennemy And by the same meanes at the length were the Romains theÌ„ selues subdewed Philip also king of the MacedoniaÌ„s by this craft conquered Grece setting together be th eares the men of Athens Corinthe Thessalie Ottoman the firste Emperour of this Turkishe nation toke Bythinia through the dissentioÌ„ that was there among Christen Princes at last by the same occasion the Turke inuaded Europe coÌ„quered Thrace al Grece Morea yea the Turkes haue these thre hondreth yeres wonne stil through our discorde treason What time the citie of Constantinople was taken all Italy was ful of sedition whilest one sorte wold be called GwelphiaÌ„s an other Gibellines whiche were names of themperial and popyshe faction what chaunced lately at Rhodes what in Hongary by what occasion it is no nede to recite But thus indede the Turkes a poore vile barbarous nation creping out of the corners of Scithia haue increased through our dissention atteyned to so great an Empire whylest eyther the light Grekes opened theÌ„ a gate into Europe or that faithles meÌ„ of Genes haue transported theÌ„ by the sea of HelespoÌ„te or the Prynces of Peloponesus brethren falling at variaunce sent for them the one to destroye the other whilest they of Epyrus did ayde theÌ„ or the Mysians conspyred with them or the Hongarians of their owne accorde dyd moue them to come Therfore to mainteine their common lybertie they must fall to an vnitie and concorde and may not thynke that whylest they them selues sytte styll and doe neglecte it beynge denyded into sectes and factions that foreyne nations wyll take this cars in hande for them This he sayeth is the kynges aduyse and counsell whiche he desyred them to accepte in good parte and of hym to loke for all amitie and frendshyp The Byshop sente thether his Legate Iohn Morone Byshop of Mutma who beyng demaunded of kyng Ferdinando and by the Emperours deputies of the byshop of Romes mynde the .xxiij. day of Marche speaketh on this wyse The last yere whan the Emperour went into Africa passing through Italy he coÌ„ferred with the hyghe byshop concerninge the turkyshe warre and a generall counsell but sythe the matter was very weighty the Emperour made great haste nothynge was determined and Granuellan remayned in Italy with whome the case was further debated afterwarde Than he declareth howe the Byshoppes mynde is and euer hath bene to warre vpon the Turkes and that he wil sende ayde of fyue thousande fotemen in case the Emperour come to the fielde hym selfe if not halfe that nombre And lykewyse is coÌ„tent that there shal be a counsell but that the same should be holden in Germany neyther his age can beare who both wyll and ought to be present nor also the farre iourney and alteration of the ayre wyll permitte therfore he lyketh better Mantua or Farrare Bolognia la gras or Placence whiche are all ample cities and fyt for suche a purpose howe beit if none of these wyll please them he wyll not refuse to kepe it at Trent whiche is a towne nere vnto the frontiers of Germany and woulde haue had it begonne at a Whytsontyde but for shortenes of tyme hath differred it to the Ides of Auguste praying them that al displeasure set aparte they woulde wholy applie them selues hereunto King Ferdinando with the Emperours deputies and all the Catholyque Prynces geue hym thankes and if a meter place maye not be had in Germanye as Regenspurge or Collon they saye howe they are contente with Trente But the Protestanntes doe neyther allowe the Bysshoppes counsell nor the place nor that there was anye mention made thereof in the decree and openly pronounce to the contrary Whan the Frenche kynges Ambassadours coulde not preuayle and the states were inclyned to the Turkyshe warre and sawe that the Emperours men both lothed and suspected their presence before the ende of the assemblye they departe halfe in displeasure Trent is in the Alpes by the Riuer of Athese a towne in FarnaÌ„do hys dominion thre dayes Iorney on this syde Uenise and not two from Uerona After the chauncelour of the Dutchie of Alenson was retourned home the kyng begaÌ„ streight wayes to prepare for the war And albeit he had already in effecte restored the Admiral vsed hym frendly Yet lest it should be herafter preiudicial to him or his childreÌ„ he causeth the whole matter to be comprised in writing and restoreth him to his possessions dignitie and fame and protesteth that hee had committed neyther treason nor yet extortion releaseth and geueth hym the condemnation of seuen hondrethe thousande crownes commaunding that these letters should be enrolled at Paris and in other places to remayne as matter of recorde this was the twelfte daye of March Whan the French kynge was at the same tyme besydes Paris in castell Uincenne word came to him in the night of a sodeÌ„ tumult as though the enemies out of themperours contrie shoulde make an incursion in to the contrie of Uermandoeis in Picardie whereuppon the princes that chaunced that time to bee there were sent thither in al hast the Dukes of Uandome Guise Aumall Niuerne and diuerse others with a great nomber of gentlemen Whan they came there al was hushte neyther saw they nor heard of any man Many men sayd how thys brute was reysed that the people might be perswaded that themperour sought warre wherof the kinge him self wold not be accoÌ„pted the author whan he had already vtterly determined the same as shal be declared herafter Forasmuch as the state of Germany was such as before I haue shewed you great ayde was decreed on commaunded that an armie should be leuied which ioyned with the power of Fernando might resist the Turkishe force and recouer that was lost The leading and ordering wherof was both by common assent and also by themperours pleasure committed in charge to Ioachim Marques of Brandenburge Prince electour who in continently departing from Spier prepareth him selfe for the Iorney For this war was gathered polle money through out all Germany and graunted that the magistrates might for this cause impose a taxe They agreed moreouer to demaund ayd of the Suises and other princes especially of the king of Denmarke and of the Italians furthermore it was decreed that all meÌ„ should obserue the peace and reise no tumult within the limites of thempire the .xi. day of April the assemblie was dissolued And in maner at the same time in Saxonie ther grew a greate hatred betwene the Prince Electour Duke Moris who than succeded Henry his father lately departed The contention was for the lymites a certen Towne And Maurice did

touchyng the rest he will conferre with the Duke of Saxon and hys fellowes The Ambassadours whyche I tolde you before were sente by the Protestantes into Fraunce and Englande doe as they had in coÌ„mission but at the same tyme also TheÌ„peroure sought to make a peace appoynted a daye at Bruges for the Ambassadours of both kinges to mete And the Frenche kynge sente Mounser Annebalde the Amirall and the kyng of England Stephen Bisshop of Winchester But they could not accorde In the meane season the Ambassadours of the Protestantes wrought so moch that bothe the kynges were content to haue a further treaty Therfore they send ambassadours the FreÌ„ch kyng to Arde the kyng of EnglaÌ„d to Cales and Guysnes They mete in the mydde waye betwixt Arde and Guysnes the .xxvi. daye of Nouember in tentes pitched in the playne felde And whan the Ambassadors of the Protestants had propounded certen coÌ„dicions of peace the matter was longe and moche debated betwyxt them The FreÌ„ch meÌ„ wolde haue Bologne restored especially vrged that the Scotes myght be comprised in the peace But both these did the Englishmen vtterlye refuse Than was the matter reported by letters and messagers to eyther kynge but after moche intreaty ther was nothyng fynisshed Wherfore the syxte day of Ianuary the Ambossadours of the kynges and Protestantes depart and retourne home The next daye after the Frenchemen vitayled theyr forte that the kyng had builded nere vnto Bologne When the Englisshemen would haue letted that they fought together and many were slayne on bothe parties and after was the fort vitailed What tyme these aÌ„mbassadours of the Protestantes were in Englande the kynge by waye of communication tolde them howe they were lyke to haue a fore and a mortall warre therof was he moste certen He warned theÌ„ also to wryte of the same to theyr confederates And after one of hys counsellours whych was than in hygh fauour declared as moche to one of the Ambassadours naming also certeÌ„ practicioners messagers by whose meanes chiefly the thing was wrought Moreouer the king semed to take in maruelous euill parte that Themperour had the yere before made peace with the French king and was so moch the more offeÌ„ded for that as he sayd he made warre with the Frenche king throughe his procurement by reason of the Turkisshe league In the moneth of Ianuarye the Protestantes conuented at Frankeforthe there they consulted of the counsell of Trente of augementyng theyr league for the charges of the warre of Brunswicke howe they will not forfake the Archebisshop of Collon howe to solicite Themperour in the assemblie of theÌ„pire that he wyll graunte peace for relygion and refourme the iudgment of the chaÌ„ber In thys coÌ„uention the Ambassadours of the archbisshop of Collon complayne of the iniuryes of the Clergye and of the commaundementes and citations bothe of Themperour and also of the Bisshop of Roome In the meane season the Paulsegraue prynce electour ordeyned euery where ministers of the church and preachers of the Gospell he permitteth also the whole supper of the Lorde and the Mariage of pristes And the tenth daye of Ianuary in stead of the Popissshe Masse was seruice sayde in the head church of Nedelberg in the Duche tongue Wherfore the Protestantes sending an Ambassade reioyse therat and geuinge him thankes that he aunswered the Archebisshop of Collon his Ambassadours so frankelye they exhorte hym also to procede to professe the doctryne confessed at Anspurge and to doe hys endeuour that in the nexte assemblye at Regenspurge the peace and lawe maye be establysshed Wherunto he aunswereth that he hath beÌ„ euer desyrous of peace and wil be so long as he liueth for the Archebisshop of ColloÌ„ he is right sory that he is thus molested especyally in hys olde dayes Therfore what tyme they shal send their Ambassadours to Themperoure and to the Clergie and Senate of Collon to intreate for hym he wyll also sende hys with them he had trusted these many yeres to haue had some agrement in religion but in as moch as he seeth how the matter is daungerously differred neither is theire any greate hope he coulde no longer delaye the wisshe expectation of hys subiectes Therfore hathe he begonne a reformatyon of relygion whych he pourposeth to anaunce furthermore and to professe it openly At the seuententh daye of Ianuarye at Wesell mete the Ambassadours of the Prynces electours which are named of the Rhine those be Mentz Collon Treuers the Paulsegraue or CouÌ„te Palatyne for the dominions of all these stretche vnto the Rhine The Paulsegraue vrged the Archebishopes of Mentz and Treuers that they wolde sende theyr Ambassadoures with hys and with the Marques of Brandenburges to intreate for the Archebisshop of Collon but they fearynge to get displeasure refused it At thys tyme a rumour was noysed abrode that Themperour shoulde secretly mynde warre Wherfore the Lantzgraue wrytyng hys letters to GranuellaÌ„ the .xxiiij. of Ianuarie sayeth howe it is reported not onlie in Germany but also sygnyfyed oute of Italye and otherplaces that Themperoure and the Bisshop of Roome make preparation to warre vpon the Lutheranes and wyll maynteyne the counsell and beegynne the warres in the sprynge of the yere and howe they intende to set vpon the Archebysshop of Collon with the force of the lowe contrie of Germany vpon the Saxons out of Boheme to inuade high Almaigne with the power of Italie How Themperour wil also haue ten thousande foote men and certen trouppes of horsemen to garde hym and conduicte him to Regenspurge This brute is not only spread abrode commonlye but is also reported of head Captaynes and Centurions wherof some make theyr boast that they haue receyued money of theÌ„peroure already And seyng Themperoure hathe peace with FrauÌ„ce and hath also taken trewes with the Turke as some do affyrme many men doe maruell to what vse and pourpose he shoulde wage men to warre Neyther he nor hys consortes whylest they consyder the peace makyng of Norinberge confyrmed after at Regenspurge Spier and other places can be easelye perswaded to beleue it shoulde bee trew especially synce they haue done ryght good seruice bothe to theÌ„perour and to kynge Ferdinando agaynst the Turke and other enemyes also Howbeit he thought good to declare these thynges frendly vnto hym whych are sygnyfyed to hym and hys fellowes by many letters and messagers For it maye be that the like thinges are reported to Themperoure by malycious persons of hym and hys confederatours whyche maye rayse a suspicion cause trouble and put them bothe to charges he doubteth not but that he wyll make hym an auÌ„wer And in asmuche as he hathe ben euer hitherto a counselloure of peace he desyreth him that from henceforthe also he wolde perswade Themperoure to the same Granuellan wrote an aunswer to thys the seuenth day of February How Themperoure hathe neyther made any compacte with the Bisshop leuyed soldiours nor geuen

And the kinges of FrauÌ„ce for the maintenaunce of religion haue warred many times against thennemies of Christendom The Saracenes Turkes both in Asia Affricke Europe and haue had moste noble victories But after chaunced a time more vnfortunate whan certen Emperours as newly entred and not very Germaines nor worthy of the dignitie haue forsaken that amitie with the kinges of Fraunce and haue induced great calamitie to the common wealth But this sore plage through Gods benefite was healed by the noble house of the Dukes of Lutcemburg out of the whiche haue issued certen Emperours men of great vertue linked moste assuredly to the kinges of Fraunce For the father of themperour Charles the fourth died in battell for the kyng of Fraunce The like good will beare also the Princes of Austriche amongest others Albert the firste who neither for promesse nor threatening of the hyghe Byshops could be brought to warre against Fraunce These thynges he reciteth for this intent that they may see howe euell certen councellours and ministers of the moste puissaunt Emperour Charles the fyfte prouyde for the common wealth whylest they worke not thys thinge only that they plucke a sonder the one from the other these two moste excellent nations but also through their craft and subtiltie haue brought this to passe longe synce that the moste noble Prince kyng Fraunces was iudged an ennemie his cause not harde This do they to their owne priuate gaine but to the exceading great hinderasice of the coÌ„mmon wealth For how harde it were for them during the amitie of the two nations to infringe the libertie of Germany and to buylde vp that their kyngdome it doeth hereof sufficiently appeare for that they being nowe affrayde of the force of Fraunce be not so importune as they were nor doe not so muche vrge that Spanyshe yoke and bondage These be verely they whiche by intreatie and tributes obteyning peace of the Turke vnder the colour of Religion and obedience haue brought in dissentions and factions into Germany who ayded with the power of Germaynes haue warred against Germany whiche haue exacted money of all men and made the State of the Empyre miserable by placing here and there garrisons of Spanyardes by vnarmyng the armaries and openyng the waye to confiscation For the matter is brought to that passe that bothe the seale of the Empyre and the iudgement of the chamber and also the ryght and libertie of assemblies depende only vpon the pleasure of the Byshop of Arras For what example is this or what equitie is it that suche as to get their liuing serue in foreine warres should be therfore executed outlawed and with great rewardes set forth be in dauÌ„ger of murtheryng to omit in the meane season so many murthers lecherous actes spoylynges and robbinges of townes and especially the handlyng of Religion whiche hath not bene after one maner but diuers according to the tyme. Certenly what so euer hath bene done these many yeares nowe tendeth all to this ende that contrary to the lawes of the Empyre kyng Ferdinando being herunto eyther compelled or els by fayre promesses allured the Prynces also by a certen feare and terrour subdued the Prince of Spayne might be made Emperour And shuld not noble courages wyshe for death rather than to beholde the lyght of the Sun in suche distresse and miseries Assuredly there can no man be imagined so very a coward or so barbarouse whoÌ„ these thyngs would not moue Wherfore no man ought to maruell that in the ende ther should arrise some Princes and amongest them Duke Maurice thelectour of Saxony which thought it their parts euen with the hazarde of their liues to recouer the libertie of their natife couÌ„trie And they being of theÌ„ selues not able nor of power sufficieÌ„t to sustein such a charge alone haue desired the ayde of the king of FrauÌ„ce And he doubtles setting a part the displeasure of former yeares hath not only made theÌ„ partakers of al his fortunes but hath also imploied him selfe wholy to the same busines making a league with them wherein amongest other thinges it is prouided that thei may not coÌ„pounde with the ennemie but by the kinges consent Howbeit Duke Maurice although he be tied with that same bonde yet for the weale of his countrie and to followe the mynde of kyng Ferdinando requiring him hereunto hath lately demaunded of the moste christian king how he could be content to haue peace Whiche thing chaunced vnto him in dede som what contrary to his expectation for that considering his benefite is so great he supposed that in matters touching him he shuld not haue sent to him a far of but to haue deuised with him presently Neuerthe lesse because he setteth much more by publique thaÌ„ by his own priuate profites he would deny nothing to a Prince of his confederacie Wherfore if the woundes of the coÌ„mon wealth may be healed as they ought from henceforth assuraunce made that they breake not out again if the captine Princes may be released vpon suche conditions as be in the league expressed Moreouer in case the olde leagues of Fraunce with the Empire and this new confederacie also made of late with the Princes may so be confirmed that they may take place for euer if these thines I saye may be brought to passe he is so well affected towardes the common wealth that not only he wyll assent gladly to the treatie of peace but also wyl giue God hartie thaÌ„kes that his aduise and helpe hereunto hath not wanted As touching his priuate matters for so much as the Emperour deteineth many thinges by force and hath made warre vpon no iust cause the king thinketh it reason that he the hath first done wrong should first seke also to make satisfactioÌ„ He verely althoug he neither distruste his force nor yet his cause will so demeane him selfe that it may be well perceyued both how desirous of peace he is and how willing also to gratifie Duke Maurice them all Hereunto the Princes aunswere Howe that recitall of antiquitie repeted of fourmer memory coÌ„cerning the coniuÌ„ctioÌ„ of FrauÌ„ce and Germany was to them right ioyfull and no lesse pleasauÌ„t to heare that the kyng preferreth the common wealth aboue his priuate coÌ„modities and is not against but that the Princes confederate may conclude a peace with the Emperour For that it should so be it is for the profite not only of one nation but also of all Europe whiche afflicted with ciuil discorde ten deth to distruction And suche conditions of peace as the kyng requyreth they doubte not but that they may be obteyned For the Emperour both before this tyme and also in this trouble thinketh well of the common wealth and wyll not haue the libertie of Germany deminished There is good hope moreouer that he wyll shortly delyuer the captiue Princes But that both the olde leagues should be renewed and the newe confirmed the king of his wysdome vnderstandeth that

commotion at Burdeaur eodem A wonderful conuersion of Uergelius 328 A meting of deuines in Saxony 330 A Diaphora 333 An open disputation at Oxford 335 A communication at Lipsia 336 A rebellion in England eodem A boke in Italian againste the Poope 339 An assembly of Cardinals for to chuse a new Pope 340 A straunge sight neuer hard of 342 A trouble in the Church of Strasburg eodem A iest of the Cardinall of Auspurge 343 A peace concluded betwene Fraunce and England 344 A confession of faith made by the ministers of Auspurge 345 A Regester of the deuines of Louaine 346 A proclamation for printers 347 Andwarpe astomed at the Emperors Proclamation 347 A woman in pearil for a lyght worde 348 An ambassade against them of Maidenburge 350 A cruel decre against the Maidenburgians 351 A wryting of the cleargye againste the city of Maidenburge 354 All godly folke afflicted for the verity 357 A new doctrine of Osiander 359 A cruel Proclamation against the Lutherans 368 A purgation of the french king eodem A decre of Trent of the Lordes supper 369 A decre of penaunce 273 A Cardinall of Dalmatia slaine in hys owne house 378 A brute of warre againste themperor 385 Albertes crueltye to them of Noremberge 402 Assembly at Auspurge 386 A poynt of the law 72 A Monke forsaketh his religion 76 Alteration in Denmarke 45 Archbishop of Mentz answer 22 Aristotle 20 Albert Arch bishop of Mentz 3 Authors of scismes 47 An assembly called at Auspurge 65 A bloudy preacher bloweth a trom 56 A most cruell maner of burning 54 Albert to them of Wolmes 403 Albert of Austrich of whome 466 Ambassadors of Strasburge to themperor 413 Albert ouerthroweth the freÌ„ch meÌ„ 414 A battel fought betwixt duke Maurice Marques Albert. 421 Augustus brother and heyre to Duke Maurice 423 Albert reconciled to Augustus 426 A disputation in England 428 An end betwixte Iohn Fredericke and Augustus 431 A parliament in England 433 A wryting of the city of Norinberge against Marques Albert. eodem A place of treaty of peace choseÌ„ by the Quene of England 451 A tumult raised at Geneua eodem A vniuersity erected at Dilling 453 A boke of Peter Asot againste the confessioÌ„ of the duke of Wittem eodem August Prince elector had a son 454 A wryting of the Papistes to requestes of the protestaunt 456 A wryting of the king Fardinando to the Princes 458 A decre wherby Religion is frely permitted to all men 460 An ecclesyastical parson that changeth his Religion shal be depriued eodem A parlament in England 461 An assemble in Austrich eodem A Comet sene 465 A father killeth his iii. children 466 A slaunder deuised against certain 467 Aucthority of the deuines of Paris 32 Agrement betwixt Luther and Zwinglius 83 A Concord 107 B BIshops of Rome bound as other is to Goddes commaundement 3 Boke burners 27 Bloudye preacher bloweth a trompet 56 Bokes presented to themperor 85 BoÌ„dage no let to christian liberty 63 Bucer laboreth for concord 96 Busy marchauntes 118 Brauling Friers 119 Barbarossa almost taken 121 By what meanes men be disceiued 134 By what means the deuel is van eodeÌ„ Baptisme condemned 135 Bishops stir vp princes 150 Barbarossa taketh castel Newstat 178 Bucer preacheth at Bonina 201 Barbarossa returneth 213 Bolloigne rendred 214 Bruly burnt at Tourney 216 Bucer declareth how tharticle of iustification waÌ„s accorded in 229 Bucer is sent for to Auspurge 310 Bucer is in daunger 313 Bren. wife his children banyshed 316 Bucer and Fragus come into Eng. 331 BauÌ„berge redemeth peace dearly 402 Brunswicke besieged 428 Bradford burned in England 451 Bish of Merspurge answer to Lu. 22 Best thiuges pleaseth fewest men 34 Beginning of fyrst frutes tenthes 42 Bible is to be preferred before al. 43 Bishop of Constaunce maketh a boke in defence of Images 48 Boke of restitution 131 Bi. Munster demauÌ„ded his charges 136 Bold answer of the king 137 Barnes aid to Geneua eodem Bolde and profitable Counsell of the Lantzgraue 359 Bhoemers serued against the Duke of Saxon vnwillingly 169 Bohemers refuse war in Saxony 277 Bishop of Strausburge syngeth hys fyrst Masse 331 Bondage of the Germanians 392 Bishop of Winchester dieth 461 Bauarians followeth the Prynce for Religion 465 C CHarge of the Bishoppe of Maidenburge 1. Ciuilians vse of Citing 2 Cardinall Caietane wryteth to the duke of Saxon. 8 Charles is declared Emperour 14 Conditions propounded by Luther 18 Confession of sinnes eodem Counsel of Lateran and Pisa eo Capnio a deuine 19 Catarinus wryteth against Luther 27 Commotions in Spaine 34 Cornelis Scepper a good wryter 42 Cardinall Campeius wryteth to the duke of Saxony 45 Campeius Oration to the Prynces at Norenberge eodem Campeius raileth against Matrimony 49 Christianity taketh not away bondage 61 Carolostadius wryteth against Lu. 65 Carolostadius maketh his purgatioÌ„ 65 Counsel at Spires 69 Contention about the Masse 79 Certaine Princes resiste the decree of Spires 81 Ciuil war amongst the Swicers 82 Cardinall Campeius Oration 88 Certaine chosen to accorde Relygyon 90 Conditions of peace 104 Conditions of peace betwene themperor and the Protestauntes 105 Conditions of creating a kinge of Romaines eodem Cristine kinge of Denmarke is taken 108 Christ was called Seditious 112 Conditions of peace 116 Conditions betwixte Fardinando and Duke Ulrich eodem Crafty marchauntes 118 Couetous marchauntes 119 Cruelty vnsemely in Churchmen 122 Condition of peace 128 Ciuill war in the city 129 Cnipperdoling was the chief of that faction 129 Cnipper doling prophecieth 130 Croked necked cattel 134 Comotion in Lincolne shire 141 Captaine Aske executed for Treason eodem Cardinal Pole the Popes ambassador to the French king 142 Cardinals Poles boke against e Kinge Henry the eight eodem Cold reasons for the Popes supremacy 143 Carninall Poole was vnthanckefull eodem Cardinall Pole incenseth the Emperoure against the king of England eodem Cardinals Poles Hipocrisy and falsehode eodem Cristierne king of Denmark receiueth the Gospel 158 Complaintes of Pillage 178 Contention betwixte the electoure of Saxon and Duke Moris 188 Conterme in displeasure with the pope and cardinals 194 Cardinals sent to make peace 197 County William taken Prisoner 213 Cabrier yelded 220 Cardinall Farnesius his comming to Wormes 221 Counte William deliuered 226 Claudius Cenarcleus a yong geÌ„tlemaÌ„ of Sauoy 235 Condityons imposed to the Duke of Wirtemberge 275 Conditions offred to the Lantzgraue 281 Caspar Phlugus captain of the Bohemers army eodem Conditions wherby the duke redemed his life 285 Ciuil war betwixt England and Scotland 310 Countries vnited by mariage 311 Ciuil war in Affrica 330 Contention for thempire betwene the Emperor and Fardinando 353 Complaint of the bishop of Strausboroughe 360 Contrary tales of the king and themperor 364 Causes of callinge the counsel 371 Countries oppressed by the Emperor 394 Conditions of peace offered by Duke Moris 397 Cruelty against godly preachers 40 Conditions of peace offred by themperor 48 Conditions of peace 411

agaynste the syxte daye of Ianuarye As concernyng that which the Archebishop of Mentz spake howe the Bishoppe of Rome had confyrmed the Emperours creation thus haue they tourned Totnam into Frenche of late yeres For in tymes past the Bishoppes of Rome were wonte to be approued by themperours when they were but pore but encreased in wealth they did not onely begyn to rule at theyr pleasure but also at the length brought it vnto this passe after muche strife and contention that in dede they permitted that the seuen Princes of Germany might electe hym but saye how it lyeth in theyr power onely to coÌ„firme and ratifie the same And this Authoritie haue they vsed many tymes in maner throughe all realmes but chiefly in Italy Fraunce and Germany what tyme they haue put downe kynges and substituted others in theyr place For besides other places of the Canon lawe in thepistles decretall of Gregory the ix Innocentius the iij. affirmeth that the aucthoritie of chosyng themperor was by the benefit of the Bishoppes and Churche of Rome conueighed from the Grekes to the Germanes in the tyme of great Charlemaigne and howe it is theyr partes to know iudge whether the person be mete And yet not coÌ„teÌ„ted with that they haue also extorted his faithe by an othe from the highest Magistrate of the whole vniuersall worlde Whiche thynge hathe bene often tymes the cause of great warres and muche other mischief And in fyne ClemeÌ„t the fift bounde them to it by a lawe who lyued in the yere of our lorde a thousande and thre hundred For wheras Henry the seuenth Emperour of that name of the house of Lucemburge woulde not after thys sort be bounden for that he said it was a matter newly inuented neyther vsed in former time ClemeÌ„t for them that should come after openeth the matter at large declarynge what is in same othe conteyned that is to say that themperour shoulde defende the Church of Rome that he banish Heretikes and haue no company with wicked meÌ„ that he by al meanes possible mayneteine the Dignitie of the Bishoppes of Rome that he defend kepeal priuiledges grauÌ„ted to the church of Rome at any tyme but especially such as were geuen by CoÌ„stantine Charlemaigne Henry Otto the fourth Fridericke the secoÌ„d and Rodulphe that he chalenge no parte of the landes and possessions of the Church of Rome by any maner of title or pretence In these thinges saith he the Emperour is bounden to him And that Henry also by messengers promised hym no lesse howe soeuer he dissembled afterwarde Thys decree came forth after the death of the Emperour Henrye The same Clement was the first of all that called forth the Cardinals froÌ„ Rome to Lyons and kept his Court in Fraunce Syns the whiche time the authoritie and power of Emperours hathe decreased in Italy daylye more and more And the power and dignitie of Bishoppes bene augmented in so much that at these our dayes and a lytle before our time Emperours haue supposed that they owe this faithe and obediens to them euen of bounden dewtie But the chiefe of the Bishoppes that haue molested oure Emperours are these Gregory the seuenth and the .ix. Alexandre the thyrde Innotentius the thyrde and the fourth Nicolaus the thyrde Bonisace the eyght and Clement the fyste Nowe let vs retourne to our pourpose In the meane tyme that Cefar was yet at Collen the Byshoppe of Rome sent Marinus Carracciolus and Hierome Aleander to encense the Duke of Saxonie againste Luther who speakynge fyrste in the praise of him and his familie than tellynge of the daunger that haÌ„ged ouer all Germany for the deuilishe workes of Luther demaunded of him in fine two thinges Firste that he would commaunde all his bokes to be caste in the fyre secondarelye that he woulde eyther see hym executed or send him bounde to Rome This was before Peter Bonhomme of Tergeste and Barnarde of Trent Bishoppes They had also commission that Cesar and all other Princes of Germany beyng required of ayde should accomplishe the Byshoppes request who had committed as they sayde to this Aleander and doctor Eckius the herynge of the matter Duke Fridericke because it was a matter of importaunce axynge a tyme of deliberation the fourth daye of Nouembre maketh them aunswere by hys counsell for that he hym selfe was otherwise occupied in the presence of the Bishoppe of Trent Howe it is farre beyonde his expectation that the Bishoppe of Rome shoulde demaunde anye suche thynge of him who hathe alwayes indeuoured him selfe to do nothing vnworthy the vertue and dignitie of his auncestours to do his faithfull seruice to the Empire and his dewe obseruaunce to the Churche And howe he hath heard that whilest he hath bene froÌ„ home Eckius hath gone about to bring in trouble not onely Luther but others also of his dominion coÌ„trary to the order maner of the Canon lawe whiche thinge as righte is he taketh in euil part that a priuate maÌ„ should take vpoÌ„ him to medle so muche in any other maÌ„siurisdictioÌ„ What Luther or others haue done in his absence sins the Byshoppes decre was brought he knoweth not but he had neuer any thinge to do with his matter neyther nowe will haue Howebeit if he teache not rightly he is the more sory Two yere past through his labour and meanes he was broughte to Cardinall Caietaine at Auspurge But when they had spoken together they coulde not agree in so muche that Cardinall Caietane wrote vnto hym letters of complaint which he so answered at the same time that he thought he had satisfied him yea and to take awaye all suspicion he would than haue put Luther from him if Miltitius had not letted the matter Moreouer howe oftener that that the Archbishop of Treuers was appointed to heare the matter and howe Luther wyll appere in any place when so euer he is commaunded so that he may be assured and maketh so large and great an offer that no more can be required This is the opinion of good and well learned men that he hathe thus farre proceded not of his owne accorde but pricked forwarde of his aduersaries as yet he hath neyther bene so heard of the Emperor or of any others that his workes should be so conuicte of Hercsye that they ought to be burnt or els would he already haue done the duetye of a good Prince He requireth them therefore that they woulde not deale after this sorte but rather fynde the meanes that some Godlye learned menne maye be chosen that shall frendely and quietlye heare the whole matter that Luther maye haue a good safeconduicte and that his bookes be not burned before he hathe pleaded his cause And if he can by the testimonies of Scripture and sownde argumentes be conuicted than will not he holde with hys doynges And although that bothe he and his cause shoulde take the foile yet woulde he trust that the Byshoppe would requyre him to

Religion so that they wyll be constant and vtterly refuse the fylthines and wickednes of the Romisshe Bishoppe As concernyng the Bohemers thus it standeth After the death of Iohn Husse the people of Boheme wer deuided into three sectes Oue part toke the Bishoppe of Rome for the head of the Churche and the Uicar of Christ Another sorte receyued the Lordes Suppes in both kyndes and in their Masses had certeine thynges rehersed in their vulgare tounge differing in nothing els from the Papistes The thyrde sort were called Picardes they call the Bishop of Rome Antichriste and the whore of Babilon described in the Reuelation they admitte nothynge but the Bible they chose theyr owne priestes and Bishoppes they forbid no man to mary they pray not for the dead as for holy dayes and ceremonies they haue but very fewe After this Luther compiled a Boke againste the false named order of Bishops in the preface wherof he saith it is to them great shame that so many of them as they be with their great liuinges and honourable titles prosessyng them to be maisters of the whole Scriptures that they dare not come to dispute with him onelye before indifferent Iudges beyng so ofte prouoked therunto Wherfore he saieth that from hence forth he will no more submitte his writynges vnto them as he dyd at Wormes for the Doctrine is not his but Christes Who lyueth and reigneth for euer who will once restraine theyr madnes and bluddye enterprises By the decrees of the Bishop of Rome and theÌ„peror the name and marke of that great Beast is taken from him for the which he thaÌ„keth God highly that hath deliuered him out of the stiking doÌ„geon of most filthy errors and wicked doctrine and lightened him with the trewe knowledge of his worde wherof he is so certein that he will not herafter submit his doctrine to the iudgement no not of any Angell but by the testimony therof to iudge both him selfe and all them and the Angels also Wherfore he warneth theÌ„ to put no trust in theyr tyrany for the more that they swell in theyr malice and enuie against hym the more boldely will he proceds in his purpose for Christ liueth and reygneth which can and will confounde their cruell and bloddy enterprises he would wishe in dede theyr amendment but if that wil not be he wil haue such continual warre with theÌ„ as shall neuer be recoÌ„ciled And where as they charge him that his franke rebuking of theÌ„ shuld styrre vp the people against him in that they do him muche wronge for it is to be proued by the Scriptures that such repreheÌ„sions are necessary when the pastors of Churches bevnlearned wicked obstinate neither doynge their dutie theÌ„selues nor permitting others to do that would can do it right well Now to the couÌ„sel at Norinberge Lewis king of HuÌ„gary sent his ambassadors who lameÌ„tably coÌ„plaining of the Turkes great crueltie desyred stroÌ„ge coÌ„tinual aide Thither sent also AdriaÌ„ Bishop of Rome Hierome Rorare one of his chaÌ„berlaines with letters to duke Friderike signifiyng that he was right glad to heare of thasseÌ„bly at Norinberge trusting that there shal be some thing done that shall coÌ„cerne the coÌ„mon weale for the which cause he hath also determined by the coÌ„sent of his Cardinals toseÌ„d his Ambassador thither And in that meane while thought good to seÌ„de this maÌ„ before to signifie vnto him whoÌ„ he hath euermore loued derely his good will affectioÌ„ towardes the common wealth as he shall better know by his Ambassador that foloweth he exhorteth praieth hi that he which is a price of theÌ„pire in the tuition of the which Empire the church of Rome coÌ„sisteth wold trauaile coÌ„sult diligeÌ„tly for the things that coÌ„cerne the dignitie of thapostolical church and the traÌ„quilitie of the coÌ„mon weale to folow herein the steppes of his noble progenitors desyringe him to giue further credite to Ierome in suche thynges as he hath wylled him to debate with him FarnaÌ„do Archduke of Austriche was a straight executer of the senteÌ„ce giuen the yere before against Luther in the Dukedome of Wittenberge which he helde at the same time he set forth a sore proclamation the .xxvj. day of NoueÌ„bre promisyng rewardes to the promotors in all his own prouinces he punished extremely all those that obeied not the Popes lawes This yere departed Reucline a pure aged man whoÌ„ Erasmus of Roterodame commended with a goodly Dialoge attributyng vnto hym immortalitie and the excellencie in the knowledge of all three tonges At the latter ende of Nouembre Adrian Bishop of Rome sendeth letters to the whole assemblie at Norinberge That sins the time he was first chosen to thoffice of Apostleship he neuer wished for thinge more than that he might in euery coÌ„dition accomplish the dewtie of a good pastour suffring no one shepe of his flocke to go farre a stray for asmuch as might be done through his vigilant eye and carefulnes And herof he taketh God to be his witnes who hath auaunced him vnworthy to this dignitie which he neuer loked for And to the intent he might more easely atteine to his purpose he hath greatly exhorted all kynges and princes to absteine froÌ„ ciuil warres And if they will nedes make warre to bende all theyr forse and power againste the enemies of the Christian faith And the same that he assaied to perswade others he hathe performed him self hauing sent a great sum of money to the knights of the Rhodes which at this present are in great daunger of theÌ„peror of Turkes Afterwardes calling home his remeÌ„brauÌ„ce of forein periles loking more narrowly vpoÌ„ domestical euils he heareth to his great discoÌ„fort that Martin Luther who hath ofteÌ„times bene gently fatherly admonished at the length whan there was none other remedy coÌ„demned banisshed by certein Uniuersities by Leo his predecessor also by themperor by the coÌ„mon coÌ„sent is not yet put to sileÌ„ce but styll at libertie setting forth dayly new bokes by the which the christiaÌ„ religioÌ„ al honest liuing is sore decaied Which thing greueth hi so much the more for that he heareth saye howe diuerse of the nobilitie fauoure hym and that the matter is so farre gone that Ecclesiasticall parsons are in dauÌ„ger to lose both laÌ„des dignitie through out Germany touching the which things certein haue already styrred vp ciuil war It is trewly spokeÌ„ of Paule that iiedes there must be Heresies but as thinges staÌ„d now it chauÌ„seth most out of ceason But the deuill is disposed to wrap vs in sondry calamities at one time for through his instigation the fury of the Turkes the Heresie of Luth. oppresse vs both at once And although it were for vs possible to discoÌ„fite the foreine enemie yet so loÌ„g as this domestical aduersarie is vnuaÌ„quished it should litel preuaile What time he was yet in Spaine he hearde muche of Luthers false opinions albeit it greued him

alwayes and to take hede that there be not such a flamme kyndled that shall set all Germany on a fyre For certainly our offences wherewith we haue styrred gods wrath agaist vs are so manifest that we ought to be afrayde of euery lyttle sturre muche more whan so great a number of ennemies are assembled to offer battell Lenytie and gentlenes can tourne you to no losse and if it should yet after it wyll restore you the same with the aduauntage but if you go to it by force it shal peraduenture be in great hasarde And where as you may preuayle more by other meanes why wyll you venter with so great daunger Their requestes be twelue wherof some be so agreable to reason and equitie that you maye haue good cause to be ashamed They demauÌ„de first of all that the minister of the churche may be ordeyned lawfully suche as can preache gods worde And albeit they haue a respect herein to their owne priuate commoditie in asmuche as they would pay hym his stipende of other mens tythes Yet is it against reason it shold be denied for it is lawefull for no magistrate to keepe their people from the doctrine of the Gospell Others that concerne seruices droictes and such lyke thinges are grounded also vpon reason For it is not the parte of a Magistrate to vexe orpille the people but rather to maynteine and preserue their wealth and substaunce But now there is no ende of pillage and howe should this continue Certainly ye ought to leaue this exaction and refraine your prodigalitie and riot that the poore maye haue some thyng more to releue their great mysery When he had thus admonyshed eyther parte seuerally he wryteth an epistle common to both And for so muche as eyther partie maynteyneth an euyll quarel he aduyseth them to laye downe their weapons and put it to arbitrement declaryng vnto the Magistrates howe cruell euer and howe bloudy the ende of Tyrauntes hath ben and agayne to the people how vnfortunate and myserable hath bene the successe and wyndyng vp of commotioners whiche haue taken armure and standen in a defence with the hyghe powers One thynge he lamenteth exceadyng that seing they warre on eyther syde with an euyll conscience the Princes to establyshe their Tyranny the others sediciously to accomplyshe their wycked desyre they should lose their owne soules so many as peryshe in this warre After he bewaileth the state of germany which through this ciuile warre should vtterly be destroyed for to begyn warre is an easy matter but we can not so wel ende the same when we wolde He admonysheth them therfore to absteyne and not to leaue to their poste ritie the state of the common wealth so full of trouble bloudshed by force of armes can nothing be done to continewe by the amendemeÌ„t of lyfe very much he exhorteth them to committe the whole matter to the hearyng and determening of certayn good meÌ„ chosen for the same purpose That the Princes would remitte somewhat of their ryght that the people againe should followe good couÌ„sell and leaue out some of their demaundes This to be his aduise and counsell whiche vnlesse they woulde folowe he would gyue them the lokyng on for to be on eyther syde were vnlawfull seyng the people moue warre agaynst their Prynces as the oppressours of their wealth and ryches And the Princes agayne with the people as with theues and murtherers that do also iniury vnto the name of Christ In this ther obstinate fiercenes he wyll praye vnto God that eyther he would shewe some waye to accorde them or els to subuerte their counsell and all their enterpryses Howe be it after all these wonders he feareth that the wrath of God shall no we no more be mitigated than what tyme he declared by Ieremy that his wrath and displeasure should not be aswaged no not at the instaunt prayers of moste holy men but that he woulde plage the Iewyshe nation wherefore he would wyshe for nothyng more than that they would amende and serue God in feare and tremblyng that at the lest wyse the plage hangyng ouer vs myghte be differred and aswaged Whylest he endeuoured thus to appease the tumulte they that were in Franckony and indiuers other places marchynge forewarde sodainly warred not only against the papistes but against the nobilitie also and did muche mischief as is she wed before Then Luther in an other wrytyng exhorteth all men that they would come to destroye these wycked theues and paracides in lyke case as they woulde come to quenche a commen fyre who haue moste shamefully broken their fayth to their Princes taken other mens goodes by force and cloke al this abomination wickednes with the couer of Christianitie which is the vylest and moste vnworthiest thing that can be imagined And after that he hath confuted their reasons as is before rehersed he byddeth the Princes not doubte nor feare to set vpon and destroye that seditious Rabble for it apertayneth chiefly to their dutie and not they only but also euery pryuate maÌ„ may kylle a seditious persone by what meanes he can for that there can be no more pestilent thyng in the publique wealth than sedition so long as they protested not to be obstinate but to be reformed by the testimonies of Scrypture or by them that coulde instructe them with better thynges he durst not be bolde to condempne them but nowe sythe the thinge it selfe declareth that they dyd nothyng but dissemble he must also chaunge his style And therfore he ryngeth a larme and admonysheth all men to set vpon theÌ„ and destroye as if they were so many wylde beastes This booke dyd many discommende in all places as to earnest and cruell but he aunswereth in the defence therof maintaining his opinioÌ„ that none of them ought to be pardoned no not they whiche were coÌ„strayned by others if they haue done any thynge sediciously sauynge those only whiche beyng ones admonyshed were content to rendre yelde them selues I tolde you before howe the Emperour by his letters sent out of Spayne did inhibite the assemblye of the Empyre that shoulde haue bene the laste yeare in Nouembre at Spyres but nowe hearyng of the trouble some state of Germany and of the great preparation that the Turke made to inuade Hongary he sent his letters agayne from Toleto appoynting a counsell of the whole Empire at Auspurge to begynne the first daye of October for the causes aboue mentioned but chiefly for ayde agaynst the great Turke sygnifyinge that in case he can not be there present hym self he wyll appoint others to supplye his place whiche letters beyng wrytten the .xxiiij. of May were not delyuered in Germany tyll the .xiij. of August wherfore by the aduyse of Ferdinando and others it was differred tyl saint Martyns daye the .xj. of Nouembre that suche as dwelt farre of might prepare them selues to come in dew reason Carolostadius dissenting froÌ„ Luther and

cause of religion were decided notwithstanding howe the Emperour in the meane time should appointe certen that should preache without the reproche of any maÌ„ this was proclaimed by the herault vnder a great penaltie The twenty of Iune the parliament began and the Emperour goyng to heare Masse as the maner is coÌ„maundeth the Duke of Saxon to be there to beare the sworde before him For that is the of fice of the house of Saxon in such SoleÌ„nities he asked the aduise of that preachers who said how that he might be there present for as muche as he was called forth to do his office Then weÌ„t he not to heare masse as gods seruice but to execute his office accoÌ„panied with George Marques of Brandenburg none of the rest came there from masse he came to the court of parliameÌ„t There Frederick couÌ„te Palatin excuseth the long abseÌ„ce of themperour repeteth the causes of the calling of that asseÌ„blie After this was recited a loÌ„g oration writteÌ„ as the maner is wheriÌ„ was aswel declared the cause of themperours departure out of Germany into Spayne of his loÌ„g abode there as also of his returne now the calliÌ„g of this asseÌ„blie which is instituted chiefly for two causes th one for establishing of religioÌ„ for the which sins his depature he hath heard to his great griefe what tumultes and commotions haue bene in Germany the other for the Turkyshe warre coÌ„sidering what turmoyle of late the Turkes haue made in Hongary taken Beigrade and many other fortes castels slayne kynge Lewis wonne all the towres fortresses betwixt the riuers of Saue Draue spoyled and brent the whole countrey slayne of meÌ„ ful many a thousaÌ„d how sins that also they haue inuaded Slauonie lieng aboue the Goulfe of Uenise from whence after they had doue exceadynge muche mischiefe in slaughter burnyng spoylyng destroying and rauyshynge they led awaye .xxx. thousande in to moste myserable captiuitie and howe this laste yeare they made an incursion into Austriche with an Armye innumerable and beseged the chiefe citie Uienna destroyed the countrey farre and nere tyll they came almoste to Lincie workyng all the crueltie that coulde be imagined cuttinge a sondre in the myddes yonge infantes deffouring and rauyshing yong maidens and wyues and driuing them awaye before them lyke a sorte of beastes At the whiche tyme he was fully determyned to haue coÌ„men with his whole power against them and so he wrote to his brother Ferdinando the Prynces and captaynes that were beseged in Uienna that they shoulde defende it valeauntly and loke certenly for his commyng but hearyng that the Turke had leuid his sege he chaunged his purpose supposyng it moste requisite to sette all thynges at quiet in Italy and to conferre with byshop Clement for the establyshyng of religion here in Germany to the intent that peace and coÌ„corde and one vniformitie of Religion had in all places the Turke may the better be resysted of all handes and stronger armies sent against hym than haue bene For al be it he toke not Uienna at this present but caried his Armie back agayne yet lefte he behynde hym in the borders garysons and captaines not only to vexe Hongary but Austriche also and Stiria and all other places nere And seyng that he hath his limites extended vnto ours there is no doubte but at the next occasioÌ„ he wyll retourne with a greater power to the vtter destruction of all especially Germanye wherfore to be very neful requisite to coÌ„sulte nowe how that houge and cruell ennemy whiche seketh to brynge all men vnder his subiection yea to bannyshe them quyte out of the bondes of nature may not only be resisted repulsed and discomfited but also subdued vaÌ„quished and dryuen out of all Europe Wherunto we haue nede to be contributaries for greater ayde of Men and mony the highe byshop hath promysed him for his parte largely and liberally and although he hathe bene at all the charges of his coronation at Bononie him selfe alone whiche hath cost hym a great quantitie of treasure yet in so holye and necessary a businesse he wyll doe that whiche shall become his estate and lykewyse his brother kyng Ferdinando whiche is nowe set forth as a strong bulwarke of christendom but chiefly of Germany to flaÌ„ke the Turkyshe rage And also other kynges and Prynces wil not faile to helpe vs wherin he hath wrytten to some alreadye and wyll be in hande with the reste And where there hath bene dissention in religioÌ„ euer synce the first begynnyng of his empyre to his great discomforte he according to his office and dutie intendyng to prepare a remedy in tyme made a decree at Wormes by their common assentes whiche if it had bene obserued Germany had not bene these yeares past so sore afflicted with the sedicion of the commonaltie and the wycked secte of the Anabaptistes And where as at sondry assemblies touchyng the same nothynge coulde be concluded hytherto thinkyng that his presens shoulde be auayleable herein he hath called this assemblie to the intent that euery man may herein propounde what he wil in writing that the matter may so muche the soner and more easely be vnderstaÌ„de and determined and that he wyll both in this and all other causes of the Empyre do that thynge that shall concerne his office and dewtie for the loue he beareth to the common wealth and countrey and requyreth that all others would bryng hyther with them the lyke mind and affection euery man for his parte The Prynces after deliberatioÌ„ taken iudged it mete first to treate of relygion The fourth daye after in the consistory before the Emperour and the other Prynces Cardinall Campege made an oration in Latin exhorting the whole numbre there present that in matters of religion they would folowe and obey the Emperour commending his vertue and deuotioÌ„ And that he wil in the name of the high byshop do his endeuoure that all maye professe one and the same fayth that their mindes being reconciled they might moue warre against the Turke This done the Ambassadours of Austriche come in and declare what an ouerthro we they haue had by the Turke and desyre ayde After this the Marques George the electour of Saxony the Dukes of Lunenburge and the Lantgraue intreate the Emperour that he would heare the confession of their doctrine comprysed in wrytinge he commaundeth the writing to be exhibited and layde downe agayne thei for as muche as the same thing concerneth their estimatioÌ„ their lyfe landes and goodes and also their euerlasting saluation and for because happely the thyng hathe bene other wyse reported vnto hym than it is in dede requyre hym instantlye to be heard The Emperour commaundeth them to come home to his house the next daye but the wryting to be deliuered hym nowe They agayne vrge hym and beseche hym as earnestlye as they could deuise saying howe they had thought ful little that this should

from fleshe on dayes forboden not to faste in the Lent ceason not to coÌ„fesse their synnes is an obstinate frowardnes and not Christian lybertie These beyng recyted they confessed howe there were many thynges that woulde be refourmed The Emperour promyseth to doe his endeuour that both these thynges maye be redressed and the state of the churche also refourmed sayeth howe he trusteth surely for as muche they are agreed vpon dyuerse thynges that the Protestantes wyl retourne to the bosome of the churche and submitte them selues vnto hym whiche if they doe there is nothynge but they maye be bolde to craue and loke for at his hande but if not then must he nedes do as becometh the protectour and defendour of the churche Wherunto the Prynce of Saxony aunswered for him selfe and his fellowes For as muche as they promised at the fyrst that if they went about the reconsiliation of Religion they woulde then doe what so euer they myghte with a saufe conscience Moreouer if that any errour coulde be founde in their doctrine and proued by the testimonies of Scripture they would not stande in it furthermore that if they requyred a further declaration it should be geuen And nowe seynge that of this their doctryne some articles be admytted and some refused it is requisite that they shoulde confyrme theyr thynges the more playne and manifest reasons wherfore they desyre to haue a copie of the confutation After two dayes when the Emperour had taken long delyberation he sayde they shoulde haue a copie but vnder this condition that they should put forth no part therof in prynte Also he wyll haue no further disputation in the matter requyryng them to be ordered by hym but they shewe hym howe they can not receyue it vppon that condition The next daye whiche was the syxt of August the Lantgraue departed from thence with a small company leauing his deputes The Emperour toke this displeasauntly and commaunded the Senate that they shoulde suffer none to departe out of the Citie by the posternes in the nyght ceason And the nexte daye sendyng for the Duke of Saxon and his fellowes he dissembled not his displeasure requyryng them to tary tyll the later ende and he wyll do what he can to make a coÌ„cord They excuse the Lantgraue by his wyues sycknes and shewe hym howe he hath lefte his deputes and saye that they wyll not departe Notwithstandynge they maruell to see the gates kept with watche warde For it hath not ben thus accustomed in any assemblye of the Empyre Cesar excuseth the matter to be done sor a murther committed and for the dissention that is betwene the Germaynes and Spanyardes but if any lyke trouble chaunce hereafter he wyl do nothing therein without makyng hym fyrst priuie to it whiche is high Marschall of the Empyre The Duke answereth that if any thyng happen wherin his duty is requyred he wyll be ready as it be commeth hym And so were the warders remoued from the gates the same daye About this tyme ended the warre of Florence wherof I shal somewhat declare by the waye What tyme Rome was sacked as I sayd before and the byshop taken the Florentines expulsed the house of Medices and after ayded the Frenchemen at the sege of Naples But when the byshop was restored to the intent he myght reuenge his kynsfolkes sending his Ambassadours into Spayne made a league with the Emperour promysing him emonges other thinges to crowne hym in case he wyll punyshe the Florentynes after their demerites The Emperour was content and shortly after arriueth at Genes Thyther came the Ambassadours of Florence to craue pardon Unto whome Cesar after he had sore blamed them made this aunswere Albeit they had deserued great punyshement yet might their fact be pardoned in case they would receiue againe the byshop of Rome for other way is there none to haue peace When they were come home with this answere after that the matter longe and muche debated the opinion of one or two preuayled whiche sayde they would defende their lybertie to the vttermoste of their power and inferred that not only the byshop but also the Emperour hym selfe was through long warres muche impoueryshed and wanted money NotwithstaÌ„ding whan the Emperour was come to Bonony thei sent other Ambassadours but thei through the byshoppes counsel would not be receiued Wherfore being beseged with the armies of the bishop of Rome and the Emperour whan they had prolonged the warres almoste by the space of one yere In the moneth of August they fell to a composition with Ferdinando Gonzago the Emperours general of his armie Afterwardes the Emperour addressing his moste effectuall letters appointed Alexander Medices vnto whome he had promysed Margaret his bastarde daughter in marriage to be their Prince and ruler And he builded there a maruelous strong Castell the begynning of their seruitude and bondage When the towne was ones rendred the byshop of Rome Clement chopped of the heades of certen of the Senatours and set a new ordre in the commune wealth being assured that Alexander should be their gouernour according to the Emperours promise Now to our purpose agayne After muche debatinge at the Ides of August seuen were chosen on eche syde to frame the matter to a concorde Of the chatholyke syde were these the Byshop of Auspurg Henry Duke of Brunswike two lawayers and thre deuines Wimpine Eckius Cocleus of the ProtestaÌ„tes George Marques of BraÌ„denburg Iohn Friderick of Saxon two Lawyers thre diuines Melancthon Brentius and Schnepsius These agreed vpon diuerse thinges but their chief controuersie was about the Masse the marriage of Priestes the Lordes supper monasticall vowes and the iurisdiction of Byshoppes but especially for the Masse and Uotaries for herein woulde the catholikes nothyng at all relent For other matters though they dyd myslyke them yet they sayde myght be suffered vntyll the counsell They permitted also priestes to haue wyues suche as were maried already but others not all this for auoyding of further trouble touchyng the power and Iurisdiction of byshoppes they of Saxony grauÌ„ted more than the Lantgraues men the Dukes of Lunenburgh or they of Norinberge would allowe Then toke they a lesse numbre on eyther side thre Melancthon with the two CiuiliaÌ„s and Eckius with as many But in fyne they could not agree Whylest they were consulting together the Emperour doth solicite George the Marques of Brandenburge by the byshop of Mentz and others of the same familie and the Duke of Saxon by Friderick Palsgraue the Erle of Nasso and by George Truckesse that thei should leaue of their enterprise He sought to drawe awaye the Duke of Saxon from the reste as pryncipal and where he desyred to be inuested in his Duckdome after the custome of the Empyre he denied it vnlesse he would first reconcile him self to the churche of Rome and tolde to the other playnely that vnlesse he wold obeye he would take from him

these matters of the maner of the othe of the noÌ„ber also of the disputers and of geuing of voyces they had a longe altercation For when the catholickes perceyued that the counsellours of the Paulsgraue the Marques of BraÌ„denburg electours also of the Duke of Cleaue were inclined towardes the Protestants fearing lest they shoulde be ouer cooÌ„men with voices of a set pourpose differred the matter from day to day tyll such tyme as they had other worde from themperour as herafter I shall declare And the second daye of Ianuary they doe propounde new and straunge condicyons that of the whole nomber ther should be choseÌ„ two diuines to reason the matter that the scribes should wryte theyr argumentes and delyuer them to the presydentes that the lesse parte shoulde not bee bounden to followe the opinion of the greater vnlesse themperoure and the states of th empyre shoulde thynke it expediente that the notaryes shoulde not write all the talke of the reasoners but the bare sentences whether they wer agreed vpon or left in controuersie that the decree of Auspurge and such other lyke shoulde neuertheles be of force But the Protestantes agayn require that forasmuche as ther bee .xxii. on bothe partes appoynted to conferre euery man mighte speake hys mynde And that not only the bare sentences but also the Argumentes and reasons with the probations of the same be committed to wrytyng They declare also that it is vnreasonable in this most holy cause of al others to follow the opinion of any part not rather the prescripte of gods worde or to compell any man that he shoulde eyther thynke or speake against it Whilest the time was thus prolonged the Protestantes ofteÌ„times coÌ„plain thereof and desire that the disputation of the doctrine propounded at Auspurge may accordinge to the decree of Hagenawe be forthewith commenced especially consyderyng the same to be a frendly disceptation and not captious to th entent a certen way vnto concorde might be prepared The diuines also which were there very many required the same as Melancthon Capito Bucer Osiander Brentius Caluine Alesius a Scot sent thither by the marques of Brandenburge diuers others vnto whom wer annexed Symon Grineus and Iohn Sturmius At the last aboute the Ides of Ianuary the catholickes choose Iohn Eekius and thothers Melancthon to dispute together And first of all to th entent they might procede in order they Reason of originall synne by course in open consistory but beholde the thirde day after the disputation began Themperours letters wer brought to Granuellan and to the rest of Ambassadours wherin he differreth the whole matter vntill the assemble at Regenspurge commaunding chiefly the Protestantes to come thither Granuellan to repare vnto hym with all syede These letters beyng red in the consistorie the xviii daye of Ianuary Granuellan exhorteth them to obey themperoure and come vnto Regenspurge for he is very desyrous of peace And yf he him self by occasion of talke hath spoken any thyng roughly he desyreth them not to take it in euell part and promiseth to beare hys good wyll towards the publyke weale Whereunto the Protestantes say how they are ryght sory that the disputation had not begoÌ„ a great whyle souner and that they caÌ„not now procede further therin but for asmuch as themperour doeth so commaund they must obey Wherfore they wyll now retourn home to declare howe all thinges stande and doubte not but their Princes and cities will gratifye theÌ„perour herin Notwithstandyng in case it be longe or euer they come or sende they ar to be holden excused by reason the time is but shorte In thys assemble was also Peter Paul Uerger bishop of Iustinople in worde as for the Frenche kyng but sent in dede by the Bishop of Roome who supposed that he myght serue hys tourne better beynge there in another mans name he made an oration of the vnitie peace of the churche and settyng it foorthe in prynte he gaue it there to dyuers Wherein he goeth about chiefly to proue that we maye not ones thynke vpon a counsell prouinciall for that same Assembly dyd represente a certen shew of the lyke thyng and semed to prepare the waye for the Byshop coulde abyde nothynge worse and Uergerius knewe hys mynde full well By hym therefore and by suche others of the bisshops ministers the thynge was letted and at the lengthe dyssolued For in tractyng of the tyme fyndyng of delayes they seeke startyng holles and wayes to escape In the begynnyng of Ianuary themperoure takyng hys Iorney from Brussels came vnto Mentz the head citie of Lorayne from thence by Spires he goeth to Regenspurge by the way sent those for sayd letters to GraÌ„uellaÌ„ he traueled by Norinberge whiche citie he had not sene before and was receyued with moste sumptuous preparation The eleuenth day of Februarye Philyp Schabotte Admirall of Fraunce a man of great honour beyng brought into suspicion with the kynge for not acquitinge himselfe in the warre of Sauoye beefore mentyoned after longe and mooche inquisityon of hys demeanoure was condemned of extortyon and treason and depriued of al his honour dignities which he had most ample without all hope of restitution and was committed to prison at Uincen not farre froÌ„ Paris William Poiet ChauÌ„celor of FrauÌ„ce gaue this sentence at Mellon at the which Iudgement were all the notable men and Iudges in the lawe in all Fraunce Albeit that sentences geuen after this sort are wont euer to be dissolued or altered yet by the kynges authoritie not longe after he was cleane released as ye shall heare afterwardes About this time also Maurice the son of Henry Duke of Saxonie maried Agnes daughter to the Lantzgraue In the moneth of Marche diuers Princes and states resorted to Regenspurge when themperor had taried for them a certen space Thither came also the Lantzgraue with a great company almost atthende of Marche And the nexte daye wente to themperor with his garde about him of whom he was receiued right gentlye The duke of Saxonie sent thither a most honorable Ambassador and Diuines among whom was Melanchton From the Bishoppe of Rome also came Caspar Contarene a right famous Cardinall There were present the prince Elector of Brandenburg Friderick and Otto Henry Paulsegraues William and Lewis dukes of Bauier Henry duke of Brunswike Charles duke of Sauoie George marques of Brandenburge Philip Duke of Pomerane moreouer the Bishops of Mentz Salisburg Breme Bamberg Spires Auspurge Eistet Constance Hildessene Brixie Passaw Aboute this time came forth and was brought to Regenspurge a boke of Martin Luthers very vehement written in the vulgare tounge against the Duke of Brunswycke In the last boke before this I meÌ„tioned of this dukes inuectiues against the Duke of Saxon and the Lantzgraue And where in a booke set forth of late he called the Duke of SaxoÌ„ Heretike rebel Cain Monster Eesope hauing nether vertu or qualitie of body

together for the cloth was so shapeÌ„ that it couered also the otherpartes which were of wood The body therfore being thus ordered and lapped in the wynding shete is layed foorth on the floure streyght waies cometh one of the womeÌ„ to the parlour dore where the Captain was and declareth how Eue is dead He by and by commaundeth a coffin to be made to lay her body in And to make men affrayde that no body should come nere hir they fayne that she dyed of the plage and perfume the house with the graines of Iuniper other sauoury thinges After is the corps brought foorth and with a solemne pompe caryed to the graye Freres Churche And there was honorably buried with messe and dirige And the Freres pray for her al the yere long and desyre the people in theyr sermons to doe the same Moreouer by the Dukes commaundemente there was a funerall made for her in the Chapell of the Castell where it was sayde she dyed and lykewyse in hys head Castell of woulsebutell whiche is not farre from the Citie of Brunswicke for thither came also the reporte of her death And at this Obite or exequie was his wyfe the Dutches with her women trayne of maydens all in mournynge apparell thithere came manye Pristes that were sente for oute of the contrye whyche had a dyner made them and monye geuen in rewarde to euery man somewhat after the olde accustomed maner amonges the papistes In the meane tyme Eue whose deathe so many bewayled liueth and fareth well in the Castell of Stansseburge where oftentymes the Duke visiteth her and syus that tyme hath had by her seuen children he perswadeth hys wyfe also to sygnyfye to her parentes and frendes that Eue is dead But when it was bruted abrode that she was alyue and kepte in the Castell of Stansseburge hys wyfe which had also an Inkling therof conceaueth a vehement suspicion inquyreth of the seruauÌ„tes howe the matter stoode but he forbad that any man shoulde come at her of those that knewe any thyng but thys suspicion sticked faste in her mynde so longe as she lyued and wryting ofte vnto hym bewayled her miserye Thys fact of hys was recyted emonges others in the same presence to th entent all men might vnderstande what opinion he had of hys owne relygion The conclusion of theyr accusation was this to proue for howe iuste necessarye causes they attempted war agaynst hym who contemnyng the Proclamations of Themperour and of kinge Fernando had disturbed the Publicke peace and had wrought all kynde of Iniurye to theyr fellowes and confederates The Duke of Brunswicke was not present at thys action Themperoure so willing it For the Protestantes desyred that he myght haue ben presente and herein had moued Themperour On Easter Monday which than was the .xiiij. day of Aprill Themperours soldiours led by the Marques of Piscare foughte a battell in Piedmont with the Frenchemen at the Towne of Carignane and lost the felde and many thousandes of them were slayne The generall of the Frenche armie was Angian Duke of Uandosme before mentioned Whanreport came of that ouerthrow many men supposed that Themperoure wolde not haue refused the treatye of peace but he was ernestly bent to haue warre made preparation accordyngly The Duke of BruÌ„swicke aunswereth to the accusation of the Protestantes the .xxiij. day of Aprill And powryng out a greate heape of reproches obiecteth vnto theÌ„ conspiracie rebellion treasoÌ„ extortioÌ„ societie wirth the Turkes and Frenche men and touching the letters founde in his castel he excuseth as well as he maye and yf theyr closettes were searched he saieth there might a great deale worse stuffe befounde But the matter concernyng Eue hys darlyng he toucheth but a little to this reproche the Protestantes make aunswere agayne And whan Themperoure wolde suffer the matter to be pleaded no more openly they exhibite a wryting the same afterwardes doth the Duke of Brunswicke The xxvij day of Aprill Charles the Duke of Sauoye agayne by hys ambassadoures accuseth the French kyng and besydes the violence and iniuryes of the foormer yeres he sayeth how he hathe styred vp the Turkes lieutenante Barbarousse who beyng ayded by the Frenche men hath taken by composition hys Citie of Nice and agaynst his fidelitie and promesse spoyled it and leadyng many awaye into captiuitie hath sette it on fyre he requireth therfore that they would help hym in thys hys extreme miserye especiallye seeyng the enemies are fully prefixed to retourne to the sege of the castel He hath craued ayde of the Bishop of Roome and he hath graunted hym only that trybut whiche the clergie are wonte to paye hym yerely But that is a verye smal reliefe in thys hys pouertie where he scarsely possesseth the tenth parte of hys dominion And that he came not hym selfe to the counsel he excuseth hym by hys age the longe Iorney and the iminent daunger of hys enemye And saieth moreouer how he is not hable to beare the charges whiche hath scant somuche as wyll fynde hym hys soÌ„ne hys familie Aboute th ende of Aprill the Swises assemble at BadeÌ„ make aunswer to the letters of the states of th empyre Howe they re captaynes beyng demaunded the question affirme that they saw no band of Turkes in the Frenche campe nor hearde any thynge therof For than woulde not they haue serued And that the Frenche kynge beyng of them moued herin doeth complayne that when he sent Ambassadours the last winter they coulde not be admitted which if they myght haue ben hearde speake coulde easely haue confuted thys slauÌ„der And that if Themperoure refuse not peace he promiseth both the Bohemers that wrote to hym in Februarie and also the Germanes hys ayde agaynst the Turke Nowe as touching themselues somme of them in dede are bounden to serue the French kyng in his warres by composition some agayne are only in league of amit ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ with hym haue ben these many yeres out of whose dominions if anâ— runne into Fraunce it is done contrary to theyr will and knowledge as the lyke may also happen in some places in Germany But they rekon it beste that the kynges Ambassadours shoulde be hearde and peace establyshed Wherin if they may do any good they wil with al their heartes This tyme did the kyng of England send a great Nauie into Scotlande Who chauncynge of a good wynde whan they were arriued take fyrste Lythe a notable hauon after Eddenborough the head cytie of Scotlad And when the Castell was kept agaynst them which for the situation was vnprenuable they burnt it in the begynnyng of the moneth of May. In thys Assemblie Themperoure with a solemn ceremonie created woolfang Master of Prusse openly and gaue him the armes aperteynynge to that office whyche Alberte of Brandenburge the brother of George and Casimire had enioyed many yeres marieng a wyfe vsurped the same to hym selfe was therfore oute lawed by the chaÌ„ber twelue

intelligence he had out of sondry places admonished them that the bandes of horsemen whiche for the suspicion of warre they had hyred before shuld be styl reteyned newe taken vp and prouyded but they for asmuch as theÌ„perours demaundes preteÌ„ded no likelynes of warre but Lenitie and desire of peace thoughte verely there shuld haue ben no warre that yeare But what tyme the thing it self declared that the brute was not vayne whan nowe not only in Germany but also in Italy powers were leuied and moreouer the force of Spaniardes did approche the .xvi. daye of Iune they goe to Themperoure and for because all places are full of warlycke motions they inquyre of hym whether these thynges be don through hys commaundemente For in asmuche as the reporte goeth that he myndeth no warre agaynst the Turke nor other foreine Prince they maruell to what ende all thys preparatyon tendeth And with them were the Ambassadours of ColloÌ„ and Palatine hereunto had themperoure appoynted Nauius to make them aunswer With what loue he hath imbraced Germany euer synce he fyrst was Emperoure it is no nede to recyte And is nowe of the same wyll also neyther hath he any other pourpos but that peace and iustice maye be obserued in th eÌ„pyre and that all states may be reconcyled herein such as shall obeye hym he commaunded them to looke for all good wil of hym against those that shall doe otherwyse he sayeth howe he must procede accordyng to hys ryght and authorytie The nexte daye addressyng his letters to dyuerse Cities that were in league with the Protestantes especyally to Strasburge Norinberge Auspurge and Ulmes I doubt not sayeth he but you know well enough howe derely beloued Germany the common countrie of vs al hathe ben to me alwayes what trauell and paynes I haue taken and what charges I haue been at not with out the great dammage of my realmes and kyngdomes to thintent that weightie daungerous dissention of religion might be appeased Wherin doubtles I haue not sought myne owne priuat coÌ„moditie but alwayes don my indeuoure that offences taken a waie Germany might be in quiet For this the decrees doe testifye so oft by me renewed albeit that certen doe enterprete these thynges otherwyse and doe falsely ascribe vnto me the contrary Moreouer in thys my gouernemente of the common welth I haue had euermore an especyall care for the preseruation of the free Cities that they shulde not be oppressed by certen whyche yf they myghte fynde an occasyon to brynge theyr pourpose to passe wolde not fayle to do it Which thing I suppose you as you be wyse meÌ„ haue marked by former actes don Nowe though certen men haue oftentymes atteÌ„pted diuerse thinges to the hynderaunce boothe of you and of other states and of me also yet in asmuche as I could not without a greate sturre redresse them I haue suffered hytherto in good hope surelye that I shoulde at the lengthe reape the fruyte of thys my pacyence and lenitye to the profyt of the publycke weale whiche doubtles had so commen to passe had not some men by secrete and wonderfull polycyes letted thys agremente certes not for thys cause that eyther they loue Relyon or respect gods glory but that vnder a certen pretence of holynes wherwith they myghte cloke theyr wickednes they myght oppresse other states and bryng theyr goodes and landes into theyr owne handes For the reuenewes of some they haue vsurped already and violently deteyne the same to the greate iniurye of many And nowe that they haue brought the matter to thys passe that iustyce set asyde they now feare nothyng they shoute now at my office by moe wayes than one and raseshely demynisshe the same for thys intente certenly that they maye subdewe the states of Th empyre and especyallye the Cytyes partely by force and partely by craftie meanes Whose talke maketh me to beleue the thynge to be certenly trewe whan they bragge as I am credebly infourmed and threateÌ„ also that they wil attempt force and warre agaynste me The same thyng is wytnessed by so many of theyr forged sedytions and famous lybelles and pictures which they setforthe to reyse sedition and inflame the people againste me Therfore can I haue no hope that euer they shulde through my lenitie and pacience waxe the better amend or leaue these insolent faccioÌ„s For certenly hitherto I haue so littell profyted by this meane these many yeres now that they are not only become nothing at al the better but also worse then themselues more obstinate more rebelles and desperate Whiche thing certenly tendeth to the distruction of the publycke weale and vnlesse a remedy be found it wyll come to passe that Germany shall fall from hys auncyent lybertye into a moste greuous boÌ„dage and tyranny but that maye I neyther beare nor suffer anye longer neither caÌ„ it by any meane be excused though I wold Wherfore to thintent my dygnytie may be preserued that peace and iustice maie consist in their vertu and strength that the iminent daunger may be repulsed from the Empyre and from youre heades I haue prefixed to bring those disturbers of the common welth to theyr dutye and to restore Germany to her olde beautie and lybertie Which inteÌ„t of myne I thought good to sygnifye vnto you that you shuld geue no credite vnto such as haply shal brute a broade that my pourpose is otherwise For I doe assure you vpoÌ„ my honour that I doe it for none other respect theÌ„ for the same that I haue now declared Therfore I trust also that you will not faile me herein that bothe their boldnes may be repressed that youre dignitie may also be recouered If you shall thus doe I bed you looke for all goodwill at my handes which I wil further declare incase you send me an Ambassadoure touching the same the like thing in effect he wrote also to the Duke of WirteÌ„berge The same daye wherein these letters were in dited Granuellan and Nauius calle vnto them the ambassadours of the cities beforesaide and speaking to euerie of them seuerally in maner after one sort saye how this warre is not ment nor prepared against the Cyties but againste certen rebelles that haue committed treason and infringed themperours authoritye which haue taken the possessions of certen Princes and bishops whiche in dede by occasyon wil not spare the cities neyther Wherfore looke they shewe theyr fayth and allegeaunce to TheÌ„peroure and ayde not his enemies that Themperoure haue no cause of displeasure agaynste them vnto whom he wissheth wellâ— let them wryte thys whome with spede and exhorte theyr cyties to remayne in theyr de wtye Themperoure will also wryte vnto them like wise sende ambassadours The same daye at Trent it is ordeyned that in the Abbeies of Monkes Chanons there be some learned man appointed to reade a lecture of diuinitie herunto some benefyce assigened out in steade of a pension And that no

hand and aduiseth him to consider with him selfe how great is the force of Germany and how muche daunger is in the thing And if perchauÌ„ce one or two haue offended there may a meane be founde how to pacifie the matter without warre Wherunto he made this aunswere there nedeth no pacifieng of the matter For he wil conquer Germany or hazard all that euer he hath in the worlde For the power therof is not so great that he nedeth muche to feare it For twenty yeares synce and more hath he layde the foundation of this matter Oftentymes they haue giuen hym ayde in sondry and many warres lately also against the kyng him self They haue bene at great charges in many asseÌ„blies of the Empyre Moreouer in sondry warres they haue lost a great number of their meÌ„ so is their strength decayed And al theft thinges hath he done for this intent that Germany might he distitute of power voyd of force and strength therfore is this tyme commodious to worke this feate in He that heard this talke of his by the mouth of the Ambassadour an honest man and worthy of credit reported the same vnto vs. Why should he than impute the cause of the war to vs seing he hath intended the same of so long tyme before Whan we were than priuate persones and drowned in the dregges of the Romish Religion And if he had stande to his decrees and conuenauntes than we wold haue done our duty but in asmuch as he hath brokeÌ„ the same and the chief obedience is dew vnto God let him ascribe the faulte vnto him selfe For considering that he inteÌ„deth destruction both to Religion and libertie he geueth an occasion wherby we may resist him with a good conscience For in this case is it lawful to resist as it is to be proued both by sacred prophane histories For God is not the authour of vniust violence nether are we bounden to him otherwyse than if he fulfyll the conditions for the whiche he was created Emperour He grauÌ„teth that he hath agreed with vs priuatly and that is to vs a great pleasure to heare Wherfor theÌ„ doth he moue war for those matters for the which once a faithful agrement was made For it can not be proued that we haue committed any rebellion ether before or after the same compositions But thus the case standeth He made a decree at Wormes .xxv. yeares past and set forth a proclamation against Luther and such as imbraced his doctrine appointed moste extreme punishmeÌ„t And that same acte now in this warre he intendeth to put in execution His Crown and Scepter we neuer coueted For we are content with our owne landes and reuenewes and praye God that in his feare we may kepe and maynteine the same If it be true that he sayth why haue we so oft geuen him ayd and lately but two yeares synce against the kyng of Fraunce For the whiche desert and benefit he ought in dede to forget al displeasure though no reconcilement had bene made We neuer reported him euil but for the opinion of his vertu haue al ways commended hym highly And as for famous libelles and pictures nether haue our diuines nor yet any others set forth against hym Yea our diuines and learned men haue euer more extolled him with great prayses exhorted the people in their sermons to do the same and praye to God for his preseruatioÌ„ Perauenture they haue set forth somwhat against the byshop of Rome but there was no cause why we should inhibie them so to do But how vilaynously and slauÌ„derously Cochleus and Hadamar the White frere of Collon haue rayled against vs our fellowes and diuines euen now at RegeÌ„spurg whan the assemblie was holden to appease the controuersie it is manifestly knowen He obiecteth vnto vs conspiracies and conuenticles wherin he doth vs great iniury as in all other thinges For we are borne and bred in Germany where men be far void of suche crafty deuises as haue bene wrought against vs these many yeares past and now first bewray them selues Howbeit that we might defende our selues against vniust violence we made a league and denie it not and did it only to defende our selues and to iniury no maÌ„ and wherfore we made it we haue now in two seuerall writinges declared And fiue yeares since saith the Lantgraue when I went through with the Emperour at Regenspurg Granuellan sayd then to me and to my chauncelour how the Emperour was nothing offended with our league but could be content also that we should receiue in to the same as many as we would After he speaketh in darke wordes as though we should haue moued the Turke to inuade Germany But this shall the thing it selfe confute For we haue always giuen ayd against the Turke yea more than euer our progenitours haue done and that at suche tymes as we were not bounden for that the couuenauntes were not kept and whan diuerse others whiche had promysed ayde perfourmed nothing But you haue heard already how he and his brother haue deuised so with the Turke that he might oppresse sodainly vs only and our fellowes He had ayde giuen him lately by a publique decree against Fraunce Than he promysed that whan that warre should be finished he would go streight against the Turke After he made peace with the enemy without their knowledge with whose money he had made warre behold now he beÌ„deth al his force against vs. Is it not a goodly matter to se the munition brought out of Austriche to the warre in Germany and in the meane season to suffer Hongary to be ouer runne with the Turkes The seditions coÌ„spiracies and treasons wherwith he chargeth vs are none at all nether is ther any other cause of war than the same before rehearsed He sayth he hath graunted vs ouer muche and wynked at our doinges to the grudge of his own conscience but this is fayned also For his desire was long since to haue made warre against vs and could not being impeched hitherto and was of necessitie constrained to differre it till he had quieted the Duke of Cleaue the king of Fraunce and the Turke For what hys mynde hath bene those extreme and moste greuous executions of godly men in his couÌ„treis do declare And that also he agreed with vs heretofore we now first perceiue that it was done for this intent that being dispatched of other affaires he might entent that being dispatched of other affaires he might inteÌ„d this warre only Wherof assuredly I coulde suspecte nothyng sayth the Lantgraue by reason of the great good wyll and humanitie that he shewed me lately at Spier At the which time also Nauis wylled my Chauncelour that in any case this talk might be kept secret Finally the ende of his accusation is to pluck our fellowes from vs. And therfore ascribeth vnto vs Tyranny extortion and disturbaunce of the clergie but vndeseruedly For we punysh extortions and murther in our

they wold or not The horsmen of Hongary are commonly called Hussares an exceadyng rauenous and cruell kynde of men Wherfore leuing their force also whan they were now passing out of their owne limites Sebastian Weittemulle general of the armie sending his letters the .xx. day of October proclameth warre to the Duke of Sarons people For that certen yeares past their Prince seased into his handes the Abbeye of Dobrilug and that he renouÌ„ced lately his fidelitie to the Emperour and his confederates breaking the league that was betwene the Bohemers and the house of Saxon. And albeit the thing requireth no declaratioÌ„ for as muche as he is outlawed by the Emperour yet lest any thing might appeare to be omitted he would for his discharge geue them this aduertisement About this tyme the Ambassadours of the Protestauntes assemblie at Ulmes for common coÌ„sultation to be had And wher as out of Saxonie came diuerse messages of the state of things there the Electour sending his letters the .xxvii. day of October chargeth his Ambassadours that were at Ulme to declare the whole matter to their Fellowes and require them to consider his case for asmuche as he hath spared no peryll nor paine that he might defende this higher part of Germany from distruction The counsellours of the warre a few daies past sent worde to the cities of Saxony that they should helpe hym But what they wil do he is vncerten and though they would yet feareth he greatly that they shall not be able to resist so great a multitude of enemies and that there is daunger lest or euer they be ready the enemy wyl haue inuaded his countrey These thinges therfore let them require of their fellowes first in asmuche as it should be a great grief and discommoditie for him in this extremitie to leaue any longer destitute his wyfe children people that they wold geue him counsell herein Moreouer that they would graunte him more ayde wherof the Lantgraue and the counsellours of the warre haue put him in hope already Finally that they do make no peace with the ennemy before he haue recouered that he hath lost Hereunto the Ambassadours aunswere franckly chiefly they intreate him that he would tary with the armie tyll the Emperour shall haue broke vp his campe for this wynter and shewe what daunger it should be if he now departed And if Ferdinando and Maurice doe him any wrong they promyse him ayde and say how ther is no doubt but his fellowes both Princes states wyll according to their league be faithfull and helpfull to hym and wyll conclude no peace before he haue recouered his owne And in case he thought good they would also in lyke maner as the Lantgraue and counsellours of the warre haue done signifie so much to Duke Maurice They trust also vndoubtedly that suche states as be of their coÌ„federacie in Saxony wyll doe their dutie herein The forsayd .xxvii. day of October Duke Maurice wryteth his letters from Dresda to the Prince Electour that what the Emperour hath commaunded hym to doe and in what peryll the matter consisteth he hath heard lately by the letters of the states of his countrey And now for so muche as the Emperour hath assured him and his people concerning Religion therfore is he determined to the intent that both the Emperour may be satisfied and that his ryght also may remayne vnto hym whole through the aduise of his counsel to fynde the meanes that his lande and prouince doe not come into the handes of straungers and this doth he both in his owne and also in his brother Augustus name denounce to hym And if in tyme to come he shall be agayne reconciled to the Emperour and kyng Ferdinando he wyll not refuse if they wyll suffer it that the states of his iurisdiction shall treate betwyxt them both for an order in the whole matter The selfe same wordes he writeth also to Iohn William the Electours sonne and warneth hym to see the letters adressed to his father conueyed to him In the meane whyle the Bohemers and Nussars make inuasion into Uoetiande the next cositrey of the Electours sleying spoyling burning and rauishing out of measure But the Bohemers taried not long for because as I sayd before they serued vnwyllyngly and at the eleuenth day of Nouember forsakyng their enseignes slyppe home euery man But the Hongarians such others as Ferdinando had hyred ioyne them selues vnto Duke Maurice who taketh by rendring first Swiccauie after Ecne berg and Aldeburg and for the moste parte all the Electours townes and sweareth them vnto hym sauing Gothe Isenack and Wittemberg The newes therof being brought into themperous campe styred vp great ioy and gladnes which the Emperour declared by a great peale of ordenaunce as is accustomed In these dayes the Emperour chaungeth his Campe againe for lyke causes as he did before and chouseth a more commodious and drye ground that he myght somwhat refresh the poore souldiours and releue them also with vitaile All others for the moste part counselled him that the souldiours might retire vnto places where they should wynter But he him selfe was of opinion to continew the armie in the field and maintaine warre All men for the moste part cried out vpon Duke Maurice whiche serued him so sknekyshely whome he oughte to haue honoured as his father who was in a maner the only authour of all that he had he to requite him with such vnthaÌ„kfulnes And ther came forth in his reproche and dispraise both libelles and verses moste bitter whiche charged him with falsefying his fayth with treason and moste ingratitude and so muche the more that he wold do nothing herein at the intreaty of neyther his wyfe nor his father in lawe That thing knowen he publisheth a wryting to purge him selfe and sheweth what maner of Religion is in his countrey what he hath promised the people and how for the furtherauÌ„ce of Religion he hath founded certen Scholes After he saith how the Emperour hath assured him and his people and not hym only but other Princes also concerning ReligioÌ„ and preseruation of the lybertie of Germany neyther is he of wyll that any thyng be done violently but that the cause maye in lawfull wyse be appeased accordyng vnto many decrees of the Empyre already enacted Wherfore he geueth credit to his promesse and letters by the ensample of those Princes whiche do now serue hym and doe not only at home but in the campe also and a warfare professe this Religion For suche as be familiar with hym and are dayly in his sight may easely knowe his mynde and in case they perceiued any such thyng without all doubt they would not tary with hym And where as the bishop aydeth him that is done for bicause the warre is attempted against theÌ„ that are the chiefest aduersaries of his errours and authoritie neither is it so muche to be considered what moueth him as what

trouble he trusteth that after the example of your progenitours you will kepe assuredly the conuenauntes of Maximilian and Fridericke Empeperours An other thing that I haue in commission apperteineth to the cities Danske and Elunige For these albeit they be vnder the dominion of Polle yet are they called to the assemblies of the Empyre Wherfore the kyng requireth that they be not so vsed hereafter but synce that no man besydes him hath to doe with them they may from henceforth be suffered to vse his owne lawes Whan the Emperour had heard his demaundes he made relation therof to the states of the Empire and geueth a copie of the Oration to Wuolfange Marques of Prusse Who the .xxiii. daye of Ianuary maketh aunswere in the vulgar tongue and after a certen preface In this saith he resteth the whole controuersie of the matter whether Prusse be vnder the dominion of Polle or of the Empire If I shall proue the later to be true the matter shal be easy to determine And thus standeth the case moste triumphant Emperour moste mighty kyng and moste noble Princes and states as I shall declare About foure hondreth yeares past whan a publique war was attempted against the Barbarians whiche vexed sore the men of our religion throughout al Asie Affricke this order wherof we speake was instituted whiche both Emperours haue liberally auauÌ„ced and the high Byshops also confirmed After the knyghtes of this same ordre for the space of certen yeares kept great warres in those parties for the vniuersall Christen weale but in fine hauing a great ouerthrowe they were discomfited and dispersed into sondry places At the same time it fortuned that Conrade Duke of Moscouia was greuously assayled by the Prussians being than the ennemies of Christen Religion And whan he was no longer hable to mainteine warres and defende him selfe against them he sued first to the Byshop of Rome that he setting forth a celestiall and immortall rewarde as the maner was would incourage men to this warre After he adioyned to him this order of ours and gaue them all the countrey of Culmen borderyng vpon Prusse and the rather to encourage them gaue them al the land of Prusse to holde for euer This dede of gift the Emperour Friderick the second confirmed permitted Herman Salcie that than was Maister of the order to moue warre against the Prussians and if he did subdue them to inioye their lande for euer This was in the yeare of our Lorde M CC. xxvi Thus verely did my order through the ayde of the Emperour Byshoppes of Rome Princes of the Empyre continewing the warre by the space of liii yeares at the last conquer the lande of Prusse and bring it to the christian Religion beautified it with certen Colleges Byshoprikes and builded therin also both Castels and Cities that there might be in those parties as a walle and fortresse of the Empire and a refuge for the Nobilitie of Germany And so hath parte of the same Region remained in our gouernement vnto the yeare of saluation M CCCC l. and an other parte therof tyll Albert of Brandenburg After what tyme the Lituanes and Tartarians together made warre against the Polonians and Moscouites our knightes remembring their profession and order toke armure and cleane disconfited the Lituanians inuading far within their limites For the which cause we had long time peace and amitie with the Polonians vntill suche time as a certen Prince of Lituania was created king of Polle Who to auenge the losse and shame of his nation moued warre against vs sodenly and ayded of the Barbarians did very muche hurte But being of our men repulsed and put besides and a great part of his Realme had no ioyfull ende of that warre in so muche as he made his complaint to the counsel of Constance After came forth a decree that suche part of Polle as our men helde by the lawe of armes should be restored Thus beyng againe reuiued he forgot the benefit receiued and renewed warre and contended that certen prouinces of our order belonged to the dominioÌ„ of Polle And albeit that through the intercession of the two kynges of Hongary and Boheme the matter was taken vp yet the sore brake out agayne and at last the case was referred to the Emperour Sigismunde who approued the fourmer composition that the kynges had made Howebeit the king of Polle could not reste thus but attempted warre agayne whiche the .xxiiii. yeare after was accorded at Tournie whan Ladistaus was king In the whiche composition of peace he forsaketh all suite and strife neither calleth he him selfe Lord or inheritour of Prussie and byndeth all his successours that within one yeres space after they come to the Crowne they shall sweare to accepte ratifie the same peace and compelle the byshoppes and other states of the Realme to take the same othe and that euery tenth yeare this othe should be renewed This was also coÌ„dicioned at the same tyme if any king of Polle shall hereafter moue warre vpon the Maister of Prussie that the people be not bounde to obeye or assiste hym but that peace be continually kept on either partie And this composition was confirmed with two hondreth Seales as it is to be shewed Yet did not the peace indure aboue .xiiii. yeares For in the yeare of our Lorde M. CCCC.I the people making a rebellion conspired against the maister And albeit that the Byshop of Rome and the Emperour Fridericke the thirde did outlawe them Albeit the maister desired that the matter might be heard yet did they so litle regarde all this that about .lxx. townes and castels revelled in one daye Unto this conspiracie of theirs ioyned him selfe the kyng of Polle Casinure father to Sigismunde and brought vs vnto suche a perplexitie that Lewys Erlinsusie who than was maister of the order constrayned through feare of the present daunger as a moste constant man might doe in such a case to the intent he might both hepe still his prouince and also saue him selfe in the same accorded with him vpon conditions moste vnreasonable without the authoritie either of the Byshop or the Emperour or yet the states of the Empyre The coÌ„ditions of this peace amonges other thinges are these That the Maisters of Prussie froÌ„ hence forth shal within sixe monethes after he be chosen Magistrate come vnto the king of Polle and by an othe acknowledge hym for their Souraigne and shall ayde hym against all men they shal also receaue into the order aswell Polonians as Germaines shall admitte them to beare office and for suche landes as they shall wynne hereafter to do homage to the kynges of Polle Whiche conditions verely do not only coÌ„cerne the priuate losse and rebuke of my order but also the publique domage and reproche of the Empire Nobilitie of Germany Wherefore since that time haue there bene maisters Which considering the vnreasonablenes of the thing haue made greuous

demerites Which he sheweth may thus be don if that citie be inuironed with a treÌ„che a bulwark made the siege coÌ„tinued til thei be subdued For vnlesse that liceÌ„cious obstinat rebellion be repressed they se how gret a dauÌ„ger shame it wil be to thempire Thus therfore Duke Maurice whiche had busied him self herein as I said before was by coÌ„mon asseÌ„t made high generall of the warre And for the charges of the war were appointed .lx. thousand crownes monethly and an hoÌ„dreth thousand crownes payed for the charges past Concerning the counsell the Emperour affirmeth to the Princes that it shal be continued againe at Trent before Easter For so doeth the Byshop promyse him Yet doeth he in the meane season vrge the decree of Auspurge and commaundeth them to declare the causes vnto hym why those orders that were wrytten two yeares synce of Religion and reformation of the Clergie be not obserued The Archebyshops Electours saye howe they haue omitted nothing and are yet wholy about the same But the cause which letteth that they are not fully accomplished is the exemptions and priuileges of certen The deputes of the Electours absent say they haue applied the thing diligently but the long continuaunce of tyme hath bene a hinderaunce For this Religion can not so sodenly be plucked out of mens myndes that they had nede to be instructed that men might by litle and litle accustome them selues who are thorowly perswaded that thesame decree dissenteth much from the holy Scriptures that nothing can be violently altered without trouble and sedition And if any man should coÌ„straine the prechers to it ther would no man serue in that churche For hardely can there any one be found that wyll abase him selfe hereunto for the state of the syngle lyfe and condition of the Lordes supper The residue of Prynces and states of the Romyshe Religion alledge these causes that Scholes wherin yougth is not ryghtly instructed The Ministers of the churche that diswade the people from the same decree The want of priestes The negligeÌ„ce of Magistrates And saye moreouer that this thing is an hinderauÌ„ce that many of the spiritualtie liue vitiously Again that many inuey rayle vpon the decree made with bokes of reproche vnpunished Iuly the Byshop of Rome being oft treated with by the Emperour about the eight day of Nouember sending forth his bulles calleth a couÌ„sell affirming it to be coincident to his office to call and directe counsels That he coueteth also to prouyde for the traÌ„quillitie of Germany which hath alwayes ben most obedieÌ„t to the church Byshops of Rome who in earth are Christes Uicars Wherfore let all men repare to Trente against the first day of May whiche either by ryght custome or priuilege haue interest to be there and suche as Paule the thirde hath called before what tyme he somoned the counsell in the same place For that daye shall the counsell be there continued And if it so fortune that either for age or sicknes or affayres of the commoÌ„wealth he can not himselfe be present yet will he by his Legates be president of the same This bulle he sent after to themperour Duke Maurice being made chiftayne attempteth the thing with great force and buylding vp certeÌ„ bulwarkes that the souldiours myght wynter therin about th ende of Nouember he assayleth the citie Whiche citie is diuided into thre partes Wherof one whiche is called newe he surpriseth by nyght scalyng the walles and gates and neither drumme went nor trompet blewe tofore he had brought in his souldiours The citezens reised vp with the clamour so many as were found in armure are put to the sworde the rest being taken and spoiled are expulsed Wherfore they of the citie to the inteÌ„t they might take away from the ennemy this commoditie sendyng forth their souldiours burne that part that was theirs Agayn the other part whiche is called Sudeburg they sette on fyre also receiuing the townes meÌ„ into the citie About this tyme came Lazarus Schuendie into the campe to Duke Maurice that he myght in the Emperours name gyue his counsel The same tyme was Erle Hedeck in Saxony whome the Emperour had outlawed two yeares past as before is mentioned He and Albert Erle of Maunsfeld do leuie bandes of souldiours in the cities by the Sea coaste to ayde them of Maydenburge Duke Maurice therfore in the moneth of December goeth vnto theÌ„ with part of his armie and scattereth them and allureth vnto him foure enseignes of the same men and after also counte He decke as you shall heare The .ix. daye of December the Emperour in a long proclamation and with heinouse words inueieth against them of Maydenburge and commaundeth that no man ayde them and straightly chargeth the Captains and soldiours whiche be within the citie that within fourtene daies after these letters be deliuered they departe out of the citie geue knowledge hereof vnto Duke Maurice or in his absence to Lazare Schuendie If they obeye he promyseth pardon if not he appointeth extreme punishement There was in the citie Albert Erle of Mansfelde whome the Emperour in dede had not banyshed but had tourned him out of al his possessioÌ„s what tyme he perseuered in the fidelitie and frendship of Iohn Friderick Duke of Saxon. Howe the Emperour left the Lantgraue at Machline taking his iourney to Auspurg it is before declared Duke Maurice and the Marques of Brandenburge were earnest suters that he might be deliuered but aunswere was made them how not he only but also his sonnes and couÌ„sellours so demeane them selues that as yet he might not be deliuered His kepers also said vnto him how he should be caried into Spaine Wherupon he requireth ayde of his sonnes admonishynge them of the faith and duty they owe vnto hym commaundeth them to sue Duke Maurice and the Marques of Brandenburg that they yelde them selues prysoners according to the forme of their obligation and fulfill their promise His sonnes obey him herein and sending Ambassadours most earnestly and oft admonish and sue them But they one whyle ioyntly together another whyle either of theÌ„ seuerally by him selfe some tyme by messengers sometime presently excuse the matter and declare that it is not expedient either for them or for their father that it should so be euer bring newe reasons wherby they trust he may be deliuered without any daunger Therfore they desire them to forbeare theÌ„ a whyle and to geue them respite But the Emperour who before had moued the LaÌ„tgraue by Lirane to deliuer those obligations as is declared whan he was further sued vnto he sendeth Lazare Schuendie to his sonnes and counsellours commaunding them not only from henceforth neither to coÌ„mence action nor sue Duke Maurice and the Marques of BrandeÌ„burg but that also they sende vnto him all suche maner of wrytinges surcease their sute vnlesse they obeye he threateneth theÌ„ with the greatest punishment that

Transiluania do reuolte from kinge Ferdinand Ferdinando also prorogeth the counsel of the Empire to a time vncerten and leuieth an army whiche he sendeth downe the riuer of Danubius into HoÌ„gary There is a town of Alsatia called Obereyne thre leages from Strasburg A certen citezen of that towne being a labourer about vines for penury want when his wyfe was absent the tenth daye of Aprill sleeth his thre children a daughter of seueÌ„ yeares a sonne of foure yeares olde and a sucking babe in the cradell not fully halfe a yeare olde That tyme there was a brute and reporte went of the secret conspiracie of the Pope his adherentes against the Protestauntes It increased this opinion for that there was no doubte but that the Pope toke moste displeasauntly the decre of the last yeare made at Auspurge wherby peace and libertie was graunted to ReligioÌ„ It is thought also that he sollicited the Emperour to make it frustrate For he sawe how many reuolted daily from his kingdome and vnderstande what they of Austriche and what the Bauarians went about Moreouer the Archebyshops of Mentz Treuers and Collon by occasion of the bathes met that tyme together Whiche was thought to be done not without cause King Ferdinando breaking vp his assemblees in Austriche goeth into Boheme and calling the countries there about to Prage against this iminent daunger demaundeth mony and hath it graunted Than sending letters to them whiche had bene now certen monethes at Regenspurg he excuseth his absence and bicause he must retourne to Uienna he appointeth the assemblee of the Empire the first of Iune After the departure of king Ferdinando the Lantgraue came in to Meissen was a certen tyme with Auguste Duke of Saxony The tenth day of May the Duke of Arescot being prisoner in castel Uincent not far from Paris escaped and came home safe The Cardinall of Auspurge who had taried a whole yeare at Rome when he being lately retourned froÌ„ thence had heard how sinistrally and many euill men spake and thought of him as though he should practise with the Pope priuie and perniciouse counselles for Germany he pourgeth him by an open wryting set forth in the vulgar tongue about th ende of May. And where as the last yeare sayth he after the death of Iulius the third I went to Rome as my dutie was to do and was present at the Election of him that now ruleth I had pourposed doubtles to haue retourned home into Germany with expedition but I was deteined of the Pope who went about than a reformation of the churche And chosing certen excellent men of all nations for the same purpose chose me also although vnmete for so weightie a matter bycause I was a Germane to be of that nomber But where the charge of my Byshoprike required my presence askyng leaue of the Byshop the day before the Ides of Aprill I retourned home Neuerthelesse although I haue so vsed my self both alwayes before and after also that I came to this kynde of lyfe that I now am in whiche I wold should be spoken without boasting that no shamefull matter can be truly obiected to me although I haue bene oft the couÌ„sellour and authour of peace not without my great losse and hinderaunce although the welth and dignitie of my countrie hath bene to me alwayes dere yet so sone as I came againe in to Germany I heard of great meÌ„ and worthy credit that were my frendes how in myne absence certen wrytynges were caste abroade whiche sounded to my dishonour as though I should not only at Rome with the Pope but also euery where through out Italy with secret diuises practise this that Germany namely the league fellowes of the confession of Auspurg shuld againe be vexed with a moste greuous warre And in the same wrytinges they alledged this to be the cause of this enterprise and fecret working that the Pope did greatly mislike the decre made the last yeare at Auspurg coÌ„cerning religion in so much that he perswaded the Emperour that he woulde abolishe the same that he had dispensed with him for his faith promesse herein that he had promysed him all the ayde and power that he could make to subdue Germany so that themperour againe would not fayle hym in recouering the ecclesiasticall iurisdiction in Germany that therfore he had made truce betwixt the Emperour and the Frenche kynge that bothe their Armies might be conuerted to this vse Thei added moreouer that this was written in the same libelle that no foreyne Soldiours should be leuied but only of Germaynes that the thing might the better be hidde Moreouer that the kyng of England wold hire eight thousande horsemen and be gouernour of the whole warre and that mounsters shoulde be take in sondry places Briefly that the whole matter shoulde be handled so circumspectly that all these powers should set forwarde together at one tyme and should inuade the Protestauntes vppon the soden than when many shall be from home at the counsel at Regenspurge Furthermore that both the Pope and the kyng of Englande sending Ambassadours to certen Prynces in Germany doe promyse them largely and that the Pope in dede prepareth a greate army of horsemen and fotemen to sende for ayde Furthermore that I should sclaunder Otto Henrick the Paulsgraue Christopher Duke of Wirtemberge and Albert Marques of Brandenburge as Heretickes and seditiouse and worthie to be driuen out of their countrie And should hyghly commende the Lantgraue in the Senate of Cardinalles for that he had forsaken his Religion and that Titell man one of the Ministers of his churche had reuoked his doctrine at Rome both by worde and wryting Now for as muche as this sclaunder toucheth not only the Pope and the Emperour but hurteth also my name and estimation And bycause it is the part of an honest man to defende both his owne and also the honour and innocencie of his Magistrate I must nedes aunswere to the same And to begynne with all it was surely very greuous and paynefull for me to heare that any were yet remayning and to be founde whiche contrary to the auncient vertue of Germany faythe and constancie doe geue their myndes to suche sclaundering and here to applie them selues that through moste wicked libelles and lewde talke they myght styre vp the Prynces of the Empyre against their hyghe Magistrate and set the Prynces together by the eares in a wycked warre How cruel troublesome and full of perill was the sclaunder diuised .xxviii. yeares past I suppose full many doe remember When kyng Ferdinando the Byshoppes of Mentz Salisburg Bamberge and Wirseburge the Prynce Electour of Brandenburge Lewys and William brethren Dukes of Bauier and George Duke of Saxony were sayd to haue conspired against Iohn Duke and Electour of Saxony and the Lantgraue where the matter was brought to that poinct that al thinges tended to a moste cruell ciuile warre Doubtles Princes ought to

fraunce and germany 123 Originall of the Annabaptistes 127 Oration of the Popes Legates 231 Oration of Themperours Ambassadours 240 OccatioÌ„ of taking theÌ„perours losse 267 Oration of the kinge of Poles ambassadour 301 Originall of this order of knight 303 OratioÌ„ of the Princes ambassadors to theÌ„perour theÌ„perours aunswer 377 Oration of the FreÌ„ch ambassador 404 P PRinces of necessitie must reforme Rome 3 Popes vnder the Councell 7 Pope Iohn is deposid 8 Pope Prius wishe 18 Picus Myrandula 19 Pope Leo his bull 23 Priestes maried wyues 44 Popes subiect to themperour 25 Pope Clement sendeth Campeius to duke Frederike 45 Phifer compagnion to muncer 55 Phyfers entreprise 56 Preachers ought to be circumspect 59 Prayers for the dead ar superfluous 75 Paccius beheadid 78 Prayers mixed with threateninges 92 Poore Luther maketh many men 95 PersecutioÌ„ against the Lutherians 115 Paule was craftier then Clement 117 Persecution in France 118 Pope Iohn a woman 119 Proude Marchantes 115 Popes condempned for heresy 121 PaphuÌ„tius perswadeth the priestes 124 Peter wirteÌ„ began to preach again 129 Perome besieged 141 Popes haue emperors insubiectioÌ„ 149 Pope paule euell reported 154 Presidentes of the Councell 158 Preaching forbidden 173 Perswasions to warre against the Turke 187 Perpiguian besieged 192 Peace is disceptfull 196 Psalmes translated by Marot 201 Philip created king of Spaine 202 Pillugius bishop of Numburg amoÌ„ges the presidentes 230 Preaching frees 231 Peace betwixt FrauÌ„ce England 246 Peter strosse disceaued the protest 265 Penstellens in Emperors campe 267 Persecution in Fraunce 270 Paulus Fagius a man learned and ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ loquent 273 Part of the counsell of Trent flit to Bonomie 283 Peter Alois the popes sonne slaine 294 Peter martyr goeth into England 297 Prusse belongeth to Pole 303 Prusse belongeth to themperour 305 Paule geuen to astrology and coniuration 340 Paules ioye in bayne 342 ProclamatioÌ„s against lutheranes 345 Pope Iuly somoneth a counsell 351 Pardons graunted by the Popes legat 385 Pestilence and fiering at Paris 427 Paule the fourth made Pope 450 Port hercules taken by thimperialles 452 Plinabine besieged of Turkes 452 Peter martir goeth to Zurick 469 Papistes in Swicerland made league with king Ferdnando 80 Protestantes assemble at Norunberg 86 Protestantes accused of Sedition 93 Practise of Prelates 117 Practise of the French men 144 Popes ambassadour dispised 147 Popes errours and autority 148 Paule the thirdes crafte 149 Preachers of the gospell brought godly workes to light 150 Popes accused of Idolatry 151 Pope would bie Millian 201 Princes letters to the Pope 208 Popes letters to themperour 215 Pope most desirous of warre 221 Pope cite the Archbishop of Collon 223 Popes letters to the Swisses 247 Protestauntes Ambassadours to the Swissers 247 Protestauntes accused of treason 253 ProtestauÌ„tes letters to Iohn marques of Brandenburg 251 Protestauntes aunswer to the table of out lawery 260 Purgations of the Cardinall of Auspurge against suspicions 467 Pope had no coÌ„sideration with themperour against religioÌ„ or the liberty of Germany 468 Q QUene Anne loueth the gospell 113 Questions moued to a dombe spirite 115 Quene Marie affiaunced to the emperours sonne 430 Questions of zuinglius 39 Quene of Hungary made regent of flaunders 101 Quene of Anabaptistes behedid 133 Quene Katherine dieth 137 Quene Anne dieth lamentably 140 Quene of Scottes dieth 153 Quene Maries oration to the comons in yelde Hall 430 R ROme the seat of Antichrist 3 Reweline a diuine 19 Reweline dieth 37 Reliques of the holy gost 45 Rome is the treasure house of the hole world 72 Rome is Sacked 74 Religion reformed 76 Religiou reformid at Geneua 76 Rochester and more beheadid 121 Rochester made cardinal in the towre 121 Rotman a Preacher at Munster 127 Rotman became an Anabaptist 128 Rotman desperate 136 Reasons why the protest refuse the counsell 149 Rebellion in Gelderlande 154 Rebellion of Gaunt 168 Rebellion at Genes against the house of Aurice 276 Robert of a Brince wrote against the interim 322 Rewardes for promoters 346 Reseruations graces expectatiue 365 Reformation of the papiste 390 Rebellion in duke Moris campe 40 Renold Poole Cardinall 429 Ridley Latimer burnt in englaÌ„d 454 Rage of Antichrist 125 Requestes of the princes to the king 398 S SIlens of the bishop of Mentz 1 Siluester prierias his dialogue 2 Siluester prierias themes 2 Scripture and the old writers only are to be allowed 2 Siluester prierias his second aunswer to Luther 2 Shiftes of the Popes 19 Sute betwixt the bushoppe and Swissers vanquished 11 Senate of Strasburg 48 Supper of oure Lorde vnder bothe kindes 18 Sundry plages in Germany 83 Scripture is the touch stone of all doctrine 91 Spirites in the popish kingdome 115 Selling of benetices 119 St. Geneu ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ a the goddes of Paris 120 Sedition in Munster 131 Symony raigneth in the Church 157 Symony must be taken awaye 181 Syr Henry Kneuet 185 Strife about the Bisshoprick of Numburge 186 Sebastian Scertiline a maÌ„ of war 228 Spedius a blabbe 240 Sherteline retyreth 252 Siluer mines comon to the Dukes of Saxon. 266 Scertiline departeth from the prot 267 Sedition at Naples for the Spanish in quisition 291 So I will and do commaunde 303 Sinne against the holy gost 315 Strasborough rue the Interim 326 Strasburgh writeth letter to themperour 331 Skirmishes of the princes with the emperiall 400 Syr Richard Morisme Ambassadour of Englande 403 Serueto a Spanyarde burnt at Geneua 428 Sibylle Duchesse of Saxon depar 431 Sanslorian and Carmillus lead to prison 453 Syr Peter Carrow sir Iohn Chick taken prisoners 469 Swisses made a legue with the french Kinge 32 Solempne buriyng in Fraunce 114 Sfortia Duke of Millane dieth 121 Supper of the Lord vnder both kindes 124 Spoyling and burninges of Marques Albert. 416 T THomas of Aquine Albertus magnus Scolar 3 Thomas of Aquine a Saint eod Thomas of Aquine giueth auctoritie to the Pope eodem Thomas of Aquine died eodem Treaty of warre against the turke eod The popes letters to the Duke of saxoÌ„ 4 The popes letters to Gabriell Uene 5 The vniuersitie of Wittenberge wryteth for Luther to the Pope 5 The well spring of pardons 7 The Dukes letters to the Card. 8 The vniuersitie of WitteÌ„berg writeth for luther to the duke of Saxon. 9 The pope sendeth a golden Rose to the Duke of Saxon. 10 Themperour Rafe 13 The Duke of Saxon refuseth theÌ„p 14 The birth of themperour 14 The court of Rome is vncurable 17 The part of a true friende 18 The story of Rewcline 20 The Sacramentes 24 The maner of the Coronation 24 TheÌ„perour calleth a counsell imper 25 The lawe of pope Clement 25 The court of Rome an Fraunce 26 The Duke of Saxon incensed against Luther 26 The Bull of Cursing 28 The Constancy of Luther 28 The pope and the couÌ„sell maie erre 30 Treuers other princes threten lut 30 The offence of faith and maners 31 The Counsell of Constance 32 Three Popes deposid 32 Thyrtene townes of Swissers

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