Selected quad for the lemma: war_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	henry_n	king_n	scot_n	2,191	5	10.0366	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68397	The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English	Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1573 (1573)	STC 16636; ESTC S108126	73,902	228

were parted into twayne Wherof the one were called Scordisci and dwelled in Hungarye the other by the name of Brenni possessed parte of the Alpes by the mount Brennerus in Tirolensis shier whom Appianus calleth all by the name of Cymbri Which doo all shew that they were Britaynes For Bathynad in our country language signifieth a formed Iudge For Bath is beautie or forme Ynad with vs is a Iudge in authoritie next to the kynge For when Brennus was dead they chose him to their captayne Farther Yscar with vs is to seperate Yscaredic signifieth those which be seperated Wher of this part of Fraunce when it departed from the residew was termed Yscaredic from whence Scordisci is deriued retaynyng the name of Brennus captayne And Brynn in British is a Mountayne or Hill of whiche woorde Brynnerus was so called Ouer and besides this Gatheli or the Irishmen when as about this time they departed out of Cantabria now Biscay wandring vpon the Sea to seeke new dwellings called al Britaynes Brennach of Brennus their famous captayne by which name they call our countrimen to this day And thus much sufficeth to haue sayde of Brennus But wheras some affirme that the Frenchmen vsed the British tongue by certayne French wordes cited by Rhenanus Sidonius and Lazius it appeareth to be most false Notwithstanding I can not sufficiently marueyle that of the tongue of this most mighty nation whose bowndes are comprised by the Rhyn the Pyrenei mountes Appeninus and the Oceane there is almost no shew or token to be founde remayninge And that it was most auncient it appeareth out of Berosus Annius Giambularius and Postellus Wherby Gallia now Fraunce was so called of Rayne whiche the Hebrues call GAL and the Britaynes Glaw as who should say berayned or ouerslowed by the Diluge Notwithstanding the Spayniards although they were afflicted by the Romans the Catti the Alani the Vandali the Gothes the Sueui and Mauri or Moores yet in Cantabria called now BISCAY and ASTHVRIA ▪ for these are onlye the verie true Spanyardes and Hiberi they haue preserued their auncient spéeche For that which is cōmonly called the Spanish tongue is but a medly made out of the Latine Gothish and Arabick But let vs omit all these thynges and returne agayne vnto our Cambria called VVales whiche wee in our mother tongue doo terme Cymbri This more then foure hundred yeres since as Gyraldus hath very well noted the Englishmen after the fashion and maner of the Germans haue called VVallia that is VVales For when the auncient Almaines had sometime ioynyng next vnto them of Forreyners the Frenchmen whom they called VValli it came to passe that afterwarde they called all straungers and those whiche dwelt in other prouinces VValli and VVallisei Like as at this present as well Frenchmen as Italians and Burgundians they call VValli al thinges that come foorth of strange countries Walshe This co●ntry I say whiche that I may vse the woordes of Gyraldus by a false name yet most frequented at these dayes but lesse proper is called VVallia Wales conteyneth in length two hundred myles and aboute one hundred in breadth For it reacheth in length from the Hauen Gordwr in Mona called Anglysey vnto the hauen Eskewyn in Venta eight dayes iorney In breadth from Porth Mawr that is to say the greate hauen of Meneuia vnto Rhyd helig which the Britaynes cal Vadū Salicis the Englishmen Wyllowford aboute foure dayes iorney A land muche aboundynge and very well fortified with high Mountaines low Ualleyes great Woddes Waters ▪ Fennes In such sort that from time the Saxons first vsurped this Iland the residew of the Britaynes which departed into those coastes neither by the Englishmen longe agoe neither since by the Normans coulde be altogether subdued As for those which betooke them selues to the South corner whiche of their Captaynes name was called Conauia bycause it is not so well defensed were not able to resist For the thyrd part of the Britaynes whiche doo now remayne possessyng the Southerly sea coast of Fraunce a singulare good country was not trāslated thither after the destruction conquest of Britayne but longe euer that by Maximus the Tyran Who after many sharpe battayles which the British youth sustayned vnder him durynge those warres was with this farthermoste shoare of Fraunce rewarded by the Emperours liberalitie Thus far Gyraldus This country sometime was inhabited only by the Britaynes but after ward the Englishmen began to possesse it vnto Offas ditch agaynst whom the welshmen made infinite warres vntill the commynge of VVylliam the Norman Under whose sonne Henry the Flemminges beyng then driuen out of their country by breaking in of the sea tooke vpon them the possession of Rosse a prouince of Demetia Who in many warres were prouoked by the Princes of VVales but alwayes valiantly defended them selues and theirs and at this day differyng from the VVelshmen in tongue and maners are yet in the same place recompted for Flemmynges The kynges of Englande especially Henry the First the Second and Third of that name callynge vnto them the Scots Irishmen and Cantabre Gascons did very much prouoke and molest this nation with continuall warres But the VVelshmen beyng deuided vnder three kynges whome they called Princes whiche was the very cause of theyr destruction defended them selues and their owne stoutly Howbeit certaine Regions of South wales as Rosse Gla Morgan Wenta Brechnocke and parte of Powys by Robert sonne to Hammon and certeyne worthy Erles of Glocester the Brussij the Bohunes Brian Gylford Adam of Newmercate but specially by Roger Mountgomery and his sonnes Hago whiche was slayne in Anglysey Robert of BELISINE and ARNVLPH whiche builded the Castell of Penbroke and the Fytzalanes Lordes of Oswastrey Clun were quayled and tamed in many battayles came into the right possession of the conquerours And Gwynedh although that part therof whiche lieth on this side Conway was first weakned by the erles of Chester afterwarde by the forenamed kynges which at the Riuer Cluda sundrie times wasted all with fier and sworde nōtwithstandyng after the departure of the kynges they draue the Englishmen thence and raced their Castels downe to the grounde and alwayes defended theyr boundes Untill the yere of our Lorde a thousande two hundred fourescore two Edward the first of that name leading a mighty armie agaynst prince Lew●lyn and an other arriuyng in the I le of Angly●ey and vanquishynge the same from whence they entred into Aruon a region exceedyngly well fortified by naturall situation by a bridge made of boates in the very same place where sometime Agricola lead ouer his Souldiers Where the two armies ioynyng together vanquished a great multitude of the Gascons and Biernes with diuers other noble men brought them in subiection to the Englishmen When as also at the same time his third armie vnder the Erle of Glocest●e and Roger Martumar sacked and spoyled Southwales beyng

they come of Englishmen where as they and the Englishmen coumpte the other Scots but rude and barbarous These nations as I say vntill that Honorius came to the Empyre whiche was aboute the yere of the Lorde foure hundred and twentie molested the North parte of Britayne with incursions and robberies at whiche time hauyng called a power out of Ireland to helpe them as Gyldas and Bede doo auouch vnder conducte of Reuda established them selues a kyngdome in the West parte of Albania But the Readshanks possessed the East region whereas first they made warre agaynst the Romans and the Britaynes and afterwarde with the Englishmen and Danes sometime they were confederate sometime they warred diuersly vntill aboute the yere of our Lorde eight hundred and fortie all the Readshankes were destroyde by Kennethus kinge of Scottes in somuch that their name and kyngedome ceased to be any longer in Britayne Whose country the Scottes added vnto theyr owne whiche to this day is renowmed in Britayne This much I had to say of the Scots and Readshankes according to the verity of the hystory Howbeit I know well how Boethius a most vayne reporter of Fables impudently affirmeth that they reigned in Britayne three hundred yeres before Christe was borne And he feineth that there were so many kinges so many warres by them most valiently waged agaynst the Romans so many holsome lawes and statutes in Britayne by them instituted as neither Lucian in his Fabulous narrations neither the author of the booke of Amadis of Gaule nor wittie ARIOSTVS in his Orlando Furioso haue euer commended vnto vs in Fables But to the intente that I may set foorth the most beastly man in his colours that the sleight and subtelty wherwith he endeuoureth to bleare all mens eyes may be displayed I will briefly touche certayne of his most vayne trifles suche as all men of wit and vnderstandynge may easely perceaue to be starke lies And here I let pas Aegiptian fables and of the stocke and race of Scottish kynges in Britayne before Caesars cōmyng Where he affyrmeth that Caesar was vanquished by the Scots and fled out of Britayne Who afterwarde sent Ambassadours vnto the Scots and Readshankes to request their freindship and that at last he conducted his Roman armie in to the Forest Caledonia Also that Augustus sent his messengers vnto Metellus kynge of Scots to entreate him for peace Moreouer he maketh Cataracus a Britaine and sonne to kynge Cynobellinus as Dion a most famous author reporteth Kynge of Scotland He sticketh not to auouche that the Brigantes Siluri and Ordouici were Scots He sheweth how dangerous the expedition was of Claudius the Emperour and describeth greate warres betweene him and Canus the kynge of the Orchades He writeth that Voadicia the most renowmed queene of Iceni whose valient deedes agaynst the Romans Tacitus and also Dion haue made knowne to the world Veusius Earle of Brigantes Cartimandua the Queene were all Scots And finally there is no one thinge wherein the Romans or Britaynes behaued them selues couragiously or wysely in Britayne which this monstre doth not ascribe vnto his fayned Scots and whiche at that time were vnknowen to the worlde And he hath not only transcribed the minde but also whole sentences and orations of Tacitus into his booke alwaies changynge the names of nations and cities like a malicious falsefier with out al shame or honestie He sayth Caesar Tacitus wrote these thinges of the Readshankes and those of the Scots that these nations made suche and so many Warres when as in deede the names of Scots or Readshankes are not at all to be founde in these most noble writers And truly it is not like that Caesar beyng avery wise gentleman when he had throughly learned the state maners of the Britaynes and Irishmen would with silence haue ouerpassed the names of the Scots and Readshankes specially hauynge sent Embassadours vnto their kynges Neither is it probable that Tacitus a famous man and very expert in the state of Britayne and other countries when he describeth the expeditions of Agricola his father in lawe in to Britayne and as it were depeynteth foorth the Sheyres Peoples Portes and Riuers of that region by their proper names maketh mentiō of a certeine Erle of Ireland taken by Agricola knew not also the names of Scots and Readshankes with whom Boethius ●ayneth he waged that warre when as in euery place he seemeth to cal the inhabitants of Albion Britaynes And it had stoode much more with Agricolas honour beyng a worthy man whom Tacitus also by his workes endeuoreth to make more noble to haue subdued vnknowen nations and suche as ●ead on mans ●leash such as it shal be prooued that the Scots were long time after rather then the Britaynes which were sufficiētly knowne to the Romans Also Dion a man which had byn Consul and familiar with Seuerus the Emperour and vnto him dearly beloued whilst he declareth his expedition into Britayne at large not once speaketh of the Scots or Readshankes b●yng very well knowne to all men that he conueyed all his force and power into Albania or Scotland For quoth Dion the Meati Caledonij two diuerse kindes of Britaines reuolted from the Romans and Seuerus callyng together his souldiers cōmaunded them to inna●e theyr countrie and kill all that euer they met and thus he charged them in these woordes Let none escape your hands away nor cruell blouddy broyle No tender impe though in her wombe the dame ther with do toyle Let him not scape a woful death When Seuerus came into Caledonia he fought neuer a battell neither saw he any power of his enemies in a redinesse and so passyng throughout all his enemies land hauyng not lost in fight but by water and hunger fiftie thousand men returned vnto his fellowes If the Scots had bin in Britayne at that time the reporter herof being a freend neither after him Herodian who in sufficient longe discourse hath set foorth that viage woulde haue defrauded an Emperour so ambitious and thirsty of honour as Seuerꝰ was of his due praise Wherefore it is as euident as noone dayes that at this time whiche was about two hundred and two yeres after the incarnation of our Lorde the Scots had no seat in Britayne Ouer and besides al this neither Eutropius neither Spartianus neither Capitolinus neither Lampridius neither Vopiscus nor Aurelius victor who haue all written the expeditions and warres of the Roman Emperours in Britayne haue in any plate made mention of the Scottish or Readshank name Although therefore I suppose that these arguments are sufficient to improoue and condemne the ●eere trifles of Boethius notwithstandynge I will lightly touche twoo of his Hystories which by the author are setfoorth at large enough with woordes a foote and an halfe longe But I pray you When ye be let to looke your laughter freends you would refraine In the seconde booke of his fables he writeth how that Ptolomaeus Philadelphus kynge

example of manie diuers places of VVales Wherfore whē I perceaued that this place was within the confines of the Siluri the Ordouici for it is scarse two miles distant from Colun or Clun castle which is the patrimony enheritance of the most noble and auncient family of Fytz Alanes in England that it so agreed in al points with the description of Tacitꝰ that nothing could be wanting I dare boldly affirme that this is the very selfe same place in which Ostorius cōtended with Cataracus in bataile vanquished him from whence fliyng puttyng himself in trust to the faith creditie of Cartimandua the queen of Brigantes was by her betrayed Moreouer that name of Cataracus is at this day so peculier to the welshmen that many princes noble mē ar called by that name amōgst whom at that time Trahernus the son of Caradoc ruled Northwales Fleanchus as the Scots say sonne to Banguho after that kynge Macabaeus had slayne his father by flight escaped into Wales on whose daughter by secret accesse but infortunate and miserable to the parentes he begat VValter who was the first of the Stuarts in Scotland that was of renowme from whom vnto this day the kynges of Scotland doo vaunt themselues to haue descended But I suppose it more likely that he whom they reporte to be the nephue of Trahernus the Scot borne of his daughter and his father a Scot in Northwales a thynge much disagreeynge from the truth rather to be one of Trahernus owne children whiche by Gryffine sonne vnto Conane together with Caradoc Gryffine and Meylere Rywallons sonnes was vanquished and slayne And that this VValter escaped by flight into Scotland and there attayned to greate honour And this can be no great fraude or disgracyng to the name of the Stuarts that they are descended from the bloud of the most noble and antique British kynges from whiche also most honorable famely the same Owen Tuder grandfather to king Henry the seuenth of that name kynge of England lineally descended by the Fathers side as we wil declare in our description of VVales and not from any meane or base degree as false and impudent Meyerus a Flemmyng sticketh not to affirme NOW that wee haue wandred ouer all England called LHOEGR let vs next in ordre proceede to the seconde Region of Britayne which of our countrimen is called Albania of the inhabitantes Scotland This same in old● time was of the Romans called the seconde Britayne For Sextus Ruffus reciteth fiue Prouinces of Britayne Maxima Caesariensis which I doo take to be that part of Britayne whiche by Iulius Caesar was made tributary to the Romans to wit Kent the Kyngedome of Southsaxons and the Region of Atrabates The second is Flauia which by like coniecture beyng therto mooued I suppose to be that which by Vespasian who descended of the family Flauia was by him set vpon and subdued that is to say the I le of Wight which afterward was made part of the VVestsaxons king dome The thirde I iudge to haue bin termed by the name of the first Britayne which lieth forth from the Thames to the Vally or Trench The fourth being the lesse and the second Britayne compriseth Scotland It remayneth then of necessitie that VVales be contayned vnder the name of Valētia which maketh vp the fift prouince Howbeit Ammianus writeth that that prouince which by Theodosius captayne to Valentinia was taken when he had driuen thence the Readshankes and Scots was then of the Emperours name called Valentia And that the Britaynes inhabited these Prouinces both our owne and the Roman writers haue left in memorie Neither was there ●uer any writer of name that made mention either of Scots or Readshankes before Vespasiās time aboute the yere of our Lordes incarnation threescore and twelue at what time Meurigus or Maus or Aruiragus reygned in Britayne For our Cronicles doo report of a nation which liued by Piracie rouyng on the Sea cummyng foorth of Sueuia or Norway hauynge one Rhythercus to their captayne and landed in Albania wastyng all the country with robbyng and spoylyng so farre as Caerleyl where he was discomfited and slayne by Meurigus a greate many of his men also those which escaped fled to their shippes and so conueyed them selues into the Orchades and the Iles of Scotland where they quietly abode a greate whyle They call them Phichtiaid that is to say Phichtiani in their mother tongue and so are they likewise called in the Scottish and in their owne tongue Wherfore it is not likely that they were so called of the Romans for paynting of their bodies since they were called by that name before that they were euer knowne to the Latines Neither were thei these but the Britaynes of whom Caesar and others do report that they wer wont to paynt theyr bodies Blew with Woad that they might appeare the more terrible to their enemies And with vs at this day which seemeth to argue antiquitie Blew cou●er is called Glas by whiche name also that Herbe not altogether vnlike a Plantayne very well knowne now to Marchants is called Besides all this the Romans whiche first made mention of this people termed them not Picti but Pictones These as I haue sayd before after that they had taken hart of grasse and were growen to some power out of these Ilandes in theyr litle Leathern Boates such as our Fyshermen do vse now a dayes alonge Scotland were want to robbe and sp●yie Shephardes and Husbandmen Untill that aboute the yere of our Lorde 290. when the Romans and Britaynes were bothe encombred with ciuile warres for the purple robe whiche Carausius woare and after him Allectus they entred generally into Cathanesia and Caledonia and driuyng thence the British sheapheardes and heardsmen and callynge vnto them the Gatheli out of Ireland whiche are now called the Scots were so bolde as to prouoke the Britaynes in open warre For the Scots come of the Irish broode as they them selues and others do know very well and are termed amongst our countrymen by the same name to wit Gwydhyl which as theyr owne Hystories doo testifie was the most auncient name of that nation And that the same nation came forth of Cantabria now Biscaya passed ouer the Sea into Ireland and there chose them a place of abode both ours and their owne writers haue lefte in memorie But by what cause or occasion they were called Scots truly I doo not know For I doo quite reiect the Aegiptian Fables of Scota And the selfe same language and the very same maners and behauior with the Irishmen and that they be called of the Britaynes by one name declareth sufficiently that they came from thence For the Southernmen of them are not true Scots but borne and begotten rather of Englishmen whereof a greate numbre flyinge at the cummynge of VVilliam Duke of Normandy departed into Scotlande and doo boaste to this day that

of Aegypt sent foorth his oratours vnto Reutha kynge of Scots that by the view taken and report of his neare countrymen namely such as had come lyneally from the Egiptians he might vnderstand the situation and forme of the countrie together with the conditions and maners of the people to the intent that he might set downe the same in his woorke of Cosmographie whiche he had then in hand Whiche oratours beyng right courteously intertayned were afterward led through all the regions and townes of Scots and Readshankes at last beyng largely rewarded returned into Aegypt O noble and worthie deede of a Gentleman but moste vnthankfull Ptolomaeus and vnmindeful of so great rewards Who after that he had sent his Embassadours into countries so farre distant hath left no shire yea almost no towne in all Britayne in that woorthy woorke of his vnspoken of whiche was set foorth not by the kynge but longe time after by another Ptolomaeus Pheludensis a Philosopher very well learned onely his welbeloued cosins the Scots and Readshāks he hath lefte raked vp in their owne darkenesse neither once vouchsaued in his booke wherin he made a most perfect description of all Albania to expresse so muche as their names Nay rather Boethius it is a sinne to beleeue that suche a kyng when he had sent thither his Legates and recited all the Cities and people of Albania to haue bin ignorant of the nations name and in describynge the situation of the Region so to haue varied from the trueth For he whiche sette foorthe that noble woorke aboute the yere of our redemption one hundred and fortie appeareth in no place to speake of the Scottes and Readshankes which at that time were vnknowen to the worlde This beyng omitted let vs come to the second Fable wherein gentle reader whether I shal mooue thee to laugh ter or lothsomnesse I am vncertayn He writeth that one Gyllus vsurped by force the kyngedome of Scotland before the commynge of Caesar into Britayne who after that he had committed many cruell deedes at length by Euenus the lawfull heyre one Cadallus beyng captayne was in Ireland vanquished in blouddie fight and afterwarde slayne Of this slaughter by reason that the Irishmen were afflicted with the force armes of the Albion Scots the Poete Claudianus other writers haue entreated Wherby he maketh the noble poete Claudianꝰ which liued vnder Honorius 410. yeres after the incarnate woord author of the Scottish war against Gyllus which vnto him seemeth no inconuenience who in other places most impudently fathereth his follies fables vpon Caesar the Dictator Tacitus In very deede Claudianus hath writen of the Gyldonicum warre made in Africk by Masticelis brother to Gyldo cheiftaine therin and of the expedition which Honorius tooke in hande against the brother that rebelled But I besech you my freend Hector tell me whether you affirme this geare in iest or in good earnest that thereby wee may iudge of the residue or whether that you thought you could deceaue all men with your lies This Gyldo was a Goth no Scot the warre was in Africk not in Ireland This visible tyranne liued in the yere of our Lorde 398. but theyr feyned inuisible Gyllus is deuised to haue flowrished 400. yeres before Besides these insulse and vnsauored lies he affirmeth that all the knowledge and learnynge of the Druydes came first vnto the Scots when as it playnely appeareth vnto suche as are excercised in the readyng of Hystories that Phylosophy and the liberal sciēces were knowen to the Celtae and Britaynes longe before they were to the Greekes and Latines But as touchyng the holsome lawes institutes whiche he falsely attributeth vnto the Scots vnto those whiche reade Solinus and Mela depayntyng foorth the maners and nature of the Irishmen the truth will appeare Likewise out of S. Hierome whom wee may better credite then Boethius it is euident that at his time that is as muche to say as in the yere of our Lorde 400. the Scots were accustomed to eate mans fleash For saieth he what shall I say of other nations when as I my selfe beyng but a yonge man saw in Fraunce Scottes whiche fead on mans fleash And when as they chance to finde in the wooddes any heards of Hogges also any droues of catayle or beastes they vse to cut of the buttockes of the Heards men and keepers and the Pappes of women accomptyng those partes for a most delicate dish These Scots as though they followed Platoes cōmon wealth haue no peculiar wiues of their owne but as their lechery moueth them saith he runne lasciuiously about after the maner of beastes This much S. Hierome Since therfore it is certainly prooued out of this true author that they were so barbarous at his time it is not like that so many hundred yeres before as Boethius doth fayne they were ruled with so many good lawes and holsome institutes Neither doo I for my part write this to the intent I woulde detract any thinge from the Scottish glory in so much as I know very well that this nation after that it had departed from barbarousnesse and embraced Christian religion and obeyed lawes and rightes precisely like other people was so firmlye ioyned in league of friendship with our Britaynes that wee reade how in many warres th`one nation ayded the other I acknowledge also that many thinges haue bin by them doone both wisely valiently in Britayne Fraunce and Italy and that the Englishmen howbeit a stronge nation seldome assayed the Scots in war but that they were alwaies readie with al their force to ioyne with them in battayle which is no signe of a cowardly or hart lesse people But I write this only to this entent that the truth of the history may be knowne and that the Scots themselues may contemne this fabler hold them selues contented with this that together with the Saxons Frenchmen Englishemen most noble natiōs they were first knowne to the Roman world And now let vs see what substantiall approued writers whom bothe wée they must credit haue transported to memorie touchyng the Scots and Readshankes The first therfore of the Romans so far as I know Mamertinus in his Panegyricus called Maximinianꝰ maketh mention of the Readshankes by these woordes And truly not like as there is but one name of Britayne so should the losse be but smale to the cōmonwealth of a lande so plentifull of corne so flowrishyng with numbers of pastures so flowynge with riuers of metalles so gaynefull for reuenewes so welbeset with hauens so wide in circuit Which when Cesar first of the Romans the beginner of this your name entred into wroate that he had founde another world supposing it to be so bigge that it seemed not to be compassed with the Oceane but rather to compasse the Oceane about But at that time Britayne was nothynge furnished with shippes for Warre by Sea and the Romans after the Punick and Asiatick warres had

lately bin busied agaynst Pyrats afterward by the Mithridatick fight was very well practised by Sea and Lande Besides this nation was then but rude and the Britaynes beyng accustomed but only to the Readshankes and Irishmen their enemies as yet but halfe naked soone yelded vnto the Roman armes and ensignes that Caesar almost in all that expedition coulde vaunt him self but of this owne thing that he had sayled vpon the Oceane He affirmeth that the Britaynes only dwel in an Iland and termeth them Hibernenses who afterwarde were called Scots Also another Panegyricus vnto Constantinus the Emperour speaketh of the Readshankes called Pictones as followeth For neither he speakyng of his father Constantius after such and so many notable actes whiche he hath done vouchsaueth to get not only the wooddes and Marises of the Calidones and other Pictones but neither Ireland which lieth nigh neither the farthest Tyle neither yet the fortunate Ilands if there be any suche Thus farre the Panegiricus This he wroate aboute the yere after Christe was borne three hundred twentie at what time it seemeth that the Pictones or Readshankes beganne first to inhabite the farther most partes of Scotland After him Ammianus Marcellinus first of the Latines made mention of the Scots in the yere of our saluation 364. In the tenth Consulship of Constantius and the third of Iulianus when as in Britayne by excursion and breakyng foorth of the Scots Readshankes beyng wilde nations peace beyng broken the places about nigh to the frontirs were spoyled And afterwarde in the life of Valentinian and Valens he sayeth At this time as though alarme were sounded throughout all the Roman dominions the most fierce and sauage nations arose forcibly inuaded their neare neighbours The Alemanni or Almaynes spoiled the countrie of France and Rhetia together Sarmatae the Ponnoniae and the Quadi now Bohemans The Readshankes Saxons Scots and Attacotti much molested the Britaynes And afterwarde At that time the Readshankes beynge deuided into two nations Deucalidonae and Vecturiones also the Attacotti a very warlike nation and the Scots wandrynge vncerteinely about here and there wasted and spoyled very much And as for the coastes of Gallia they were spoyled by Frenchmen and Saxons c. Hereby it appeareth in what darkenesse the Scottish state is drowned For Boethius in no place maketh mention of the Attacotti who appeare by this authour to haue dwelled in Albania and to haue bin of the Scottishe race Wherefore it is most likely that a litle before that time the Scottes and Attacotti who afterward vanished into the name of the Scots foorth of Ireland and from the Hebrides the Readshankes out of the Orchades whereas they lurked before by one consent entred into Albania and there prouoked by warre the Romans and Britaynes that they departed out of the field some time conquerers and sometimes conquered For shortly after Ammianus reporteth that after that these nations were by Theodosius a valiant captain vnder Valentinian vanquished and driuen out of the Roman prouince they were at quiet And this can be no disparedgment but rather a greate glorie to the Scottish nation that rather at that time then before that forcibly agaynst the Romans will they planted them seates in Britayne Whiche is prooued not out of vayne and fabulous writers such as is Boethius and other suche like but out of substantiall authours and such as doo very wel know the state of Britayne After all these Claudianus a Poete singularly learned in diuers places maketh mention of these nation as for example of the Getick warre A power also there came against the farthest Britaynes bent Which bridled hath the Scots so fierce and notes with iron brent Then fayling reads whilst Readshanks bloud and breath is spent And in his Panegyricus to Honorius The nimble Moores hath he and Pictes so termed by name full true ●ubdude and he the Scots with blade at randon did pursue And of the fourth Consulship of Honorius Were wet with Saxons slayne The Orchades and Island eke was hot with Readshanks bayne And frosen Irland eke dead heapes of Scotshmen wept amayne Who did euer set foorth more plainly the natural countrie of both natiōs For he sheweth how Readshanks cam from Thule that is to say Ilandes of the North and the Scots but lately out of Ireland And in another place in his Panegyricus Britayne speaketh vnto Stilico And me she saith with countries neare about who was destroyd Almost defenced well hath Stilico When Irlands soyle on euery syde The Scots doo mooue and seas with noysom sayles doo fome about By whose helpe now it is that Scottish force I doo not doubt Ne doo I dread the Picts c. Hereby it appeareth manifestly that at this time that is to wit the yere of our saluation 410. the Scots possessed no certayne place in Britayne but many times vsed to make irruptions out of Ireland and by litle and litle subdued the North partes of the Ilande and at length hauyng driuen thence the inhabitants established their kingedome there vnder Valentinian the yonger the yere of God incarnate 444. whē as now the Romans had lefte of the charge and care of Britayne This much I had breifly to say touchynge the originall of the Scots and Readshankes Now I will addresse my selfe to the description of Albania or Scotland It is seperate from England by the Riuer Twede the hyll Cheuiot and certayne litle Riuers runnynge downe into the chanell Soluathianus The first people whiche come to hand are Gallouidiani of olde time called by the Romans NOVANTES and not Brigantes as wee haue shewed before Ptolomaeus called their citie Leucopibia whiche wee terme now Caërleil standeth in the entrance of both kyngedomes Next vnto these were the Gadini nigh the riuer Glota which some doo better call Cluyda howbeit that name by reason of the proprietie of the tongue is sometime pronounced Gluyda wherby grew that errour of calling it Glot Upon this Riuers side sometime there stoode a noble Citie of the Britaynes called Caër Alchuyd or Archuyd that is to say a Citie standyng vpon Cluyda whiche is now of the Scots called Dounbritton bycause it was restored agayne by the Britaynes aboute the yere of our saluation 800. Aboue these towards the East Sea lieth a region which now is called Lādonia and Mercia March but in times past Breunicia and of the Pictes called also Readshankes Pictlandia The Maeatae are placed here by Dion For sayth he the Maeatae dwel beyonde the wall vnto the Caledonij Ptolomaeus laieth the Vacomagi beyonde Tueda This limityng wall as Spartianus reporteth was first builded by Adrianus the Emperour fourescore myles in length And Capitolinus is author that Antoninus erected another made of Tur●es between the Britaynes And last of all that Seuerus by a trenche which was cast from Sea to Sea deuided the Roman prouince from the other Britains all men do generally agree Whereby our countrymen